Golgi

Apparatus

Golgi Apparatus
Also known as golgi complex or
golgi body
Is an organelle found in most
eukaryotic cells

part of the endomembrane

system
it is a membranous complex of
vesicles, vacuoles and flattened
sacs in the cytoplasm

Golgi Apparatus
Structure
Found within the cytoplasm

of

both plant and animal cell

Composed
of
stacks
of
membrane bound structures
known as cisterna
usually has 6-7 cisternae
each cisternae or region of the
golgi contains different protein
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Golgi Apparatus
Structure

TGN is the final cisternal structure,

from which proteins are packaged into
vesicles
destined
to
lysosomes,
secretory vesicles or the cell surface
made up of a series of compartments
consisting of two main netwroks: Cis
Golgi Network (CGN) and Trans Golgi
Network (TGN)
CGN is a collection of fused, flattened
membrane-enclosed disk known as
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Golgi Apparatus
Function

Synthesize a large number of

different macromolecules
Integral in modifying, sorting, and
packaging macromolecules for cell
secretion or use within the cell
Modifies proteins made in rough
endoplasmic reticulum
To sort out the processed proteins
and send them on their destinations
while reclaiming processing proteins
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What do enzymes do?

catalyze the addition or

removal of sugars from
cargo
proteins
(glycosylation),
the
addition of sulfate groups
(sulfation)
and
the
addition
of
phosphate
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The Outbound Path

Transition

Vesicles pinch
off from the surface of the ER
carrying
- integral membrane proteins
- soluble CHONs awaiting
processing

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Pinching off requires that the vesicle

be coated with COPII (coat Protein II)

As they do so, their COPII coat is

removed and they may fuse together
forming larger vesicles.

These fuse with the cis Golgi

Sugars are added to CHONs in small

packets so many glycoproteins have to
undergo a large number of sequential

 These

steps take place as

shuttle vesicles carry the
proteins from cis to medial
to
the
trans
Golgi
compartments

At

the outer face of trans

Golgi, vesicles pinch off and
carry
their
completed

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Inbound Path
The

movement
of
cisternal
contents
through the stack means
that
essential
processing enzymes are
also moving away from
their proper site of

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 Using

a variety of signals, the

Golgi separates the products
from processing enzymes that
made them and returns the
enzymes back to the ER.

This

transport is also done by

pinching off vesicles, but the
inbound vesicles are coated
with COPI (coat protein I)

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