Input Offset Voltage (VOS) &

Input Bias Current (IB)

TIPL 1100
TI Precision Labs Op Amps

Presented by Ian Williams

Prepared by Art Kay and Ian Williams

Input Offset Voltage - VOS

VOUT
VOS = 50!V

Input Offset Voltage - VOS

Input offset from

mismatch of input
transistors

VOUT

Offset Voltage Specs and Distribution

OPA827

Simulate Input Offset Voltage

U1 OPA350

VM1 -150uV

Vcm 2.5

VEE 5

R1 1k

VM2 -150uV

Vload 2.5
5

Drift Slope Positive and Negative

OPA835

OPA835

For this example VOS drift is defined as:

( )

!V os

Vos T1 " Vos ( 25C)

!T

T1 " 25C

Drift Slope Common Definition

Vosi at Temp
160
140

(-40C, 100uV)

Vosi (uV)

120

(85C, 150uV)

100
80
60
40

(25C, 30uV)

20
0
-40

-20

20

40

60

80

100

Temp (degC)

! Vos
!T
! Vos
!T

( )

( )

Vos T1 ! Vos( 25C) + Vos T

T12 ! Vos( 25C)
T 1 ! T2
100"V ! 30"V + 150"V ! 30"V
85C ! ( !40C)

= 1.52

"V
C
7

Application Example
R2 99k

+
Vosi
0.1mV

Vout = (1mV+ 0.1mV)*(100)

= 110mV

+
R3 1k

R1 1k

VOS introduces
10% error!

Vin 1m

Input Offset Drift Calculations

R2 99k

+
Vosi drift
1.5uV/C x (T 25C)

+
Vosi
0.1mV

Vout

+
R3 1k

R1 1k

Temp (C)

VOS Initial +
Drift +1.5uV/C

VOS Initial +
Drift -1.5uV/C

-25 C

25uV

175uV

0 C

62.5uV

137.5uV

25 C

100uV

100uV

50 C

137.5uV

62.5uV

85 C

190uV

10uV

125 C

250uV

-50uV

Vin 1m

Vosi = Vosi_room + Vosi_drift" ( T ! 25C)

Example calculations:
!V
Vosi = 100!V + 1.5
" [ ( 25C) ! 25C] = 100!V
C

At 25C

!V
Vosi = 100!V + 1.5
" [ ( 125C) ! 25C] = 250!V
C

At 125C

Range of Offset - !V to mV
Op Amp

VOS (max)
(high grade)

VOS Drift (max)

(high grade)

Technology

OPA333

10 !V

0.05 !V/C

Zero Drift CMOS

OPA277

20 !V

0.15 !V/C

Precision Bipolar

OPA188

25 !V

0.085 !V/C

Auto-Zero CMOS

OPA192

25 !V

0.5 !V/C

CMOS

OPA211

50 !V

1.5 !V/C

Precision Bipolar

OPA827

150 !V

1.5 !V/C (typ.)

JFET input, Bipolar, Precision

OPA350

500 !V

4 !V/C (typ.)

CMOS

OPA835

1.85 mV

13.5 !V/C

High Speed Bipolar

LM741

3.00 mV

15 !V/C

Bipolar commodity (lower cost)

10

Input Bias Current - IB

150 nA

VOUT
210 nA

Input bias offset current:

IB_OS = IB1 IB2 = 210 nA 150 nA = 60 nA

11

Simple Bipolar, No IB Cancellation

Vcc

R1

R2

Ib1
Vin1
Vin2
Ib2

Q1

Q2

Bias current in bipolar amplifiers is

from input transistor base current.
It is typically larger than in FET-input
amplifiers and it flows into the input
terminals.

IS1

12

Bipolar with IB Cancellation

Vcc
Ib
Cancel
Circuit

R1

R2

Ib1
Vin1
Vin2

Q1

!
IS1

Ib2

Q2

The input bias currents are mirrored and

summed back in to cancel the bias current.
This has the effect of significantly reducing
input IB. Note that when this is done, IB can
flow in both directions. Also, IB_OS is no longer
smaller then IB.

IB_OS = IB1 IB2

Ib
Cancel
Circuit

13

Bias Current for CMOS

Vcc

Vcc

Bias current in FET-input

amplifiers is mainly from leakage
into ESD protection diodes.

R1

R2

Q1

Q2

Ib1
Vin1

Vcc

IS1

Vin2
Ib2

14

IB over Temperature
OPA350

OPA277

CMOS amplifier:
In this case you see a dramatic
increase in bias current at 25 C.
Note the logarithmic graph, which
doubles every 10 C.

Bipolar amplifier:
In this case you see a dramatic
increase in bias current at 75 C.

15

IB Calculation OPA211 at High Temp.

Using nodal analysis

Point for nodal analysis

Vin
R1

R1 1k

R2 99k

Rf

+ Ib = 0

Using superposition set Vin=0V

Ib 200nA

R3 1k

Vin 1m

Vin ! Vout

Vin
Vin %
"
Vout = Rf ( # Ib +
+
&
R1
Rf
$
'

Ib 200nA

Ib 150nA

0
0 %
Vout = Rf ( "# Ib +
+
= Ib ( Rf
Rf &
R1
$
'
In this example
Vout_Ib = ( 200nA) ( ( 99k! ) = 20mV
99
Vout_vin = 1mV( "#
+ 1 %& = 100mV
$1
'
Vout_total = 20mV_100mV = 120mV

16

Range of Bias Current fA to nA

Op Amp

IB (max)
(high grade)

IB at max
temp.

Technology

OPA129

100 fA

20 pA (typ.)

Difet Ultra Low Bias Current

OPA627

5 pA

1nA

Difet Precision High Speed

OPA350

10 pA

500 pA (typ.)

CMOS

OPA827

50 pA

50 nA max

JFET input, Bipolar, Precision

OPA333

70 pA

150 pA (typ)

Zero Drift CMOS

OPA277

1 nA

2 nA (max)

Precision Bipolar

OPA211

125 nA

200 nA

Precision Bipolar

OPA835

400 nA

530 nA

High Speed Bipolar

LM741

80 nA

0.2 !A (max)

Bipolar commodity (lower cost)

17

Thanks for your time!

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18