EFFECTS OF

ANESTHETICS

Kirsten Zamarripa

*Some Information in this

presentation comes from outside
sources.

EFFECTS OF ANESTHETICS
Presented by: Kirsten Zamarripa
Mentor: Dr. Don Cline
Mainland Hospital
Head of the Anesthesiology department
Independent Study Mentorship Fall 2015
ISM teacher: Mrs. Click

WHAT IS ISM?
Independent Study Mentorship is a class that helps students pursue
in a career of their choice. All students get the opportunity to chose
the mentor of their choice and gets to shadow them at least two
hours a week. It is set at the collegiate level and helps student get a
feel of how a college class could potentially feel like. It helps
students narrow down what type of career they would like to pursue
in the future. As a student it is very beneficial because it helps an
individual focus on what they would like to study in the near future.

MY MENTORSHIP SITE
Mainland Hospital
Texas City
Clear Lake Regional
4 other anesthesiologist
4 nurses (RN)

MY MENTOR AND I

WHAT DOES MY MENTOR

DO?
Dr. Don Cline is a Anesthesiologist, which focuses on the use of
anesthetics. Dr. cline is the head of anesthesiology at Mainland
Hospital in Texas City where he works with same day surgery
patients. His basic procedures are dealing with patients that need
minor surgeries that need anesthetics.

THE HISTORY OF
ANESTHETICS
Medicine can trace way back to the ancients of Greece, Rome, and
even Persia. Once medicine was in use every civilization after has
tried to better the devolvement of medicine. The Greeks were the
ones who always tried to improve the current devolvement of the
medicine. To this day doctors and scientist are currently trying to
improve the effect of modern medicine and are always constantly
trying to better it for the people.

INTRODUCTION
OF PROJECT
TOPIC
For my project I have decided to research
the history and the effects of anesthetics. I
have developed a background of how the
history has effected the development of
anesthetics. Some people tend to have
side effects to certain anesthetics, and I
plan to tell you all how the anesthetics can
potentially have harm a patient. I will
develop three case studies that show three
different studies that show how some
patients will have different side effects.

HOW IT IS PROVEN TO
EFFECT A PATIENT
What are some side effects? Patients can have various of side
effects and it can hurt a patient common side effects are
What can it do to a patients body?
Does age make a difference?

RESEARCH
"Regional and Gender Differences and Trends in the Anesthesiologist Workforce." The Journal
of Then American Society of Anesthesiology. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2015.
The authors documented the workforce trends by region of the United States and gender trends that have effected the demand
of anesthesiologist.
The changes in the economy have effect the need and demand for anesthesiologist in the workforce.
Authors conducted a national survey that tested the indicators overarching hypothesis
Anesthesiologist in western states have different patterns of practice than any other in other regions
The number of women in the workforce has increased, and they also differ in terms of employment, arrangements, and work
hours.
Males tend to different in the workforce based on their work ethics and their time dedication
Changes in the economy and the healthcare sector could impact the workforce of the anesthesiologist, it has not been
examined since 2007
Anesthesiologist were analyzed in 2013 for further research
The new results showed that females were more present in the workforce and they showed more dedication to their work
Recently their has been many concerns about the amount of anesthesiologist in the healthcare workforce

RESEARCH
Pollak, Kelly A., Linda S. Stephens, Ph.D, and Karen L. Posner. "Trends in Pain Medicine
Liability." The Journal of Then American Society of Anesthesiology. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2015.
Authors studied the changes in the frequency of pain medicine malpractice claims and associated treatment modalities and overcomes
over time
Authors analyzes trends in pain medicine over a 22 year time period
Malpractice claims that pain medicine has increased by 3% of total 2,966 total malpractice claims the Anesthesia Closed Claims Project
database
From 2000-2012 the claims associated with medication management increased by 17% of pain claims
Pain medication claims have increased over time and also have increased in severity
Claims related to clerical procedures were out of proportion to the frequency with which they have preformed
These finding suggest that pain specialist should aggressively continue the search for safer and more effective therapies
The proportion of malpractice claims in pain medicine increased from 3% to 18%
Increasing of the severity of the injuries including death and ever disability injuries
Claims related to cervical procedures were out of proportions due to the frequency preformed
This article has given me a basic understanding about the in depth research that has been conducted about the issue of the frequency of
pain medicine that malpractice claims. This also talked about how it has became an issue in the anesthesiology workforce, because of
these claims pain management has had to deal with a lot and will continue to be studies in further detail in the future.

RESEARCH
"Anesthesiology News - WFSA Announces Global Campaign to Improve Access to Safe
Anesthesia." Anesthesiology News - WFSA Announces Global Campaign to
Improve Access to Safe Anesthesia. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 201
The World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists (WFSA) is launching a global health campaign this month to improve access to safe
anesthesia and affordable surgical care.
There are approximately 5 billion people worldwide who do not have access to safe and affordable surgery, according to the WFSA.
Essential anesthesia equipment like pulse oximeters are not available in 70% of operating rooms in sub-Saharan Africa, or in 41% and 45%
of hospitals in Latin American and South Asia, respectively.
WFSA hopes that their (SAFETY) will help provide for those who do not receive anesthesia for people and to raise awareness of the problem.
The Chief Executive of the WFSA says that getting safe anesthetics is a human right and that people who do not have access to it then they
should gain access.
The goal of SAFTEY is to provide safe anesthetics at an affordable price
WFSA is an organization that is working to provide safe and affordable healthcare that needs anesthetics. Many people round the world do
have have safe access to safe and affordable surgery. Along with unsafe anesthesia there are also many people that do not have the
correct equipment to conduct a proper surgery. WFSA is trying to arise the problem to others in the healthcare community to enforce that it
should be a human right that people should be able to receive safe health care the proper way.

RESEARCH
Ellis, Marie. "During Childbirth, Serious Anesthesia Complications Are 'very Rare'"
<i>Medical News Today</i>. MediLexicon International, 20 May 2014.Web. 10Nov. 2015
Expecting mothers commonly debate if they should receive an epidural, spinal or general anesthesia
New studies suggest that there might be complications from the anesthetics used
Although receiving these medications can provide comfort to the mother it also can cause complications
50% of women that give birth at a hospital revive an epidural
Common complications are high neuraxial block - an unexpected high level of anesthesia that develops in the central nervous
system, respiratory arrest in labor and delivery, unrecognized spinal catheter - an undetected infusion of local anesthetic through an
accidental puncture of an outer spinal cord membrane.
There is a small number of complications and small chance that some will actually be effected by the spinal epidural
Serious complications linked to anesthesia were so rare, they say there were too few complications in each category to identify
these risk factors
To identify risk factors associated with the complications so that they could create formal practice advisories or guidelines

Many women decide to delivery their baby in a hospital setting simply because it is more comfortable. Half of the women that chose
to delivery their newborn in a hospital they try decide to receive some type of anesthetic to help with the pain of delivery. Although
that the complications are rare, they can happen. The common complications are neuraxial block, respiratory arrest, and
unrecognizable spinal catheter. These complication are rare but they are a serious matter and can be fatal.

RESEARCH
Crist, Carolyn. "Anesthesiology News - Novel Imaging Technique Elucidates Analgesic's
Effect on the Brain." <i>Anesthesiology News - Novel Imaging Technique
Elucidates Analgesic's Effect on the Brain</i>. N.p., Nov. 2015. Web. 10 Nov. 2015.
The brain has measurable response to ibuprofen and is now important top the future in reach of anesthetics.
Research conducted at Kings college London and Bostons Children Hospital.
Used novel MRI method to examine the cerebral response to pain aft being exposed to ibuprofen
The team used an MRI technique called arterial spin labeling (ASL) to monitor changes in ongoing neural activity when ibuprofen was given
before and after surgery
They found that ibuprofen had no effect on brain flow during pain-free conditions.
During post surgical period they observed brain networks had had responses to the pain medication
The imaging has helped scientist discover how the brain is effect when pain medication is ingested
Ibuprofen does not have an immediate effect on the brain so it takes longer for the scientist to get results of the responses
The ASL technique has contributed to the drug development on process
People use medications and do now know how they can effect your brain so further studies will be conducted to see how even common pain
medications can effect the brain flow
A study was conducted to see how ibuprofen can effect brain flow before and after surgery. It was proven with little trials that ibuprofen did
not effect brain flow before surgery but brain was effected after surgery. To show they results they had patients under an MRI and used a
technique called ASL. More trials are going to take place in order to prove the experiment.

MY RESEARCH
Based on my research I have concluded that most people tend to
have some kind of side effect when receiving an anesthetic. Most
people that has a side effect have fatigue, blurred vision, and
trouble balancing. A lot of people that have massive issues are
typically allergic to that type of anesthetic and didnt know, so it can
cause swelling the throat and closed airways. Some people might
even start to have seizures because their did not react to the
anesthetics properly. As my product I have decided to include three
case studies.

MY PRODUCT
I have created three hypothetical studies that include different
patients that undergo anesthesia during surgery. The case studies
are presented on poster boards along with data taken from patient
interaction. The data will contain how patients can effect differently
while sedated. It is presented on poster boards that show graphs of
the data collected.

CASE STUDY 1
A adolescent teen, 16 years of age
Patient has had complications with anesthetics and morphing
In the past the patient has had very bad anxiety when undergoing
surgery
A family history in high blood pressure
Doctor concerns about how the patient will react to the medication

CASE STUDY 2
Elderly patient, age of 68
Family history of heart problems and diabetes
Recent surgery has shown that the patient has had problems with
anestetics

CASE STUDY 3
Middle age patient, age 29
No family medical history
Travels a lot to other countries
Healthy and very well taken care of
No problems in the past

WORK CITED
"Regional and Gender Differences and Trends in the Anesthesiologist Workforce." The Journal

of Then American Society of Anesthesiology. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2015
Pollak, Kelly A., Linda S. Stephens, Ph.D, and Karen L. Posner. "Trends in Pain Medicine
Liability." The Journal of Then American Society of Anesthesiology. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct.
2015.
"Anesthesiology News - WFSA Announces Global Campaign to Improve Access to Safe
Anesthesia." Anesthesiology News - WFSA Announces Global Campaign to
Improve Access to Safe Anesthesia. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov.
Ellis, Marie. "During Childbirth, Serious Anesthesia Complications Are 'very Rare'"
<i>Medical News Today</i>. MediLexicon International, 20 May 2014.Web. 10Nov. 2015
Crist, Carolyn. "Anesthesiology News - Novel Imaging Technique Elucidates Analgesic's
Effect on the Brain." <i>Anesthesiology News - Novel Imaging Technique
Elucidates Analgesic's Effect on the Brain</i>. N.p., Nov. 2015. Web. 10 Nov. 2015.

THANKS
I would like to take this time to formally thank Mrs. Click for
supporting me and helping me throughout this project. She has
really taught me a lot and has helped point me into the right
direction in making career decisions. I would also like to thank my
mentor Dr. Don Cline for helping me through out the semester and
teaching me all there is to know about anesthesiology. I would also
like to say a big thanks to my parents for always pushing me
because they knew I would be able to succeed in more than I let
myself believe.