Patricia Hacket + Car 10 Backgrounds for Teaching Music MUSIC CONCEPTS Expressive Qualities @ Music can be soft or loud and can become grad- ually louder or softer @ Each voice has its own distinctive sound timbre). @ Each instrument has its own distinctive sound Gimbre). © Music can move in a fast tempo and a slow tempo. © Melodies can be performed in a connected or disconnected style. @ Each instrumental family has its own distinctive sound. © Each brass and woodwind instrument has characteristic timbre. @ Each instrument has a characteristic timbre which, combined with others, contributes to a composition’s unigue identity. © Instruments can be grouped according to their vibrating —material—membranophones, —_idi- ophones, chordophones, aerophones (timbre). @ Various combinations of the musical elements result in different styles of music (classical, Jazz, folk) Melody Pitches can be high or low. Pitches in a melody can stay the same. Pitches can move up. Pitches can move down ‘Melodies can include skips of an octave. Pitches in a melody can move by step. ‘A song usually ends on the tonic. Pitches in a tonal pattern can repeat or move by skipping up. Pitches can mave by stepping up or down. Pitches in a melody can move stepwise through a scale (major scale). ‘A phrase can be repeated, beginning on differ- cent pitches (sequence) © Pitches in a imelody can move through chord tones. @ Music can be based on major or minor tonality, @ A melody cain be based on more than one tonic (do-ta). Pidenern. 2he Meant. Classroom. aed . rglorored Cliffe NT :@ frewhex Hall, 1988, © Contemporary composers can alter melodies by displacing the pitches one or more octaves. @ Music can be tonal or atonal. @ Music can be based on a 12-tone row. © Melodies can be altered by replaying them in scales that use differing pitch relationiships (ma- jor to whole-tone scale). Rhythm © Chants can move with a steady beat. @ Music can move with a steady beat. @ The rhythm of the melody includes long and short sounds. © Beats can be grouped in twos. @ Pitches in a melody can be held through four beats. © Beats can be grouped in threes. @ Rhythm patterns can include sounds of long and short duration. © Music can suggest the presence or absence of steady beats and can include rhythm patterns. © Long and short sounds can be combined to cre- ate syncopation. © Several different rhythms may be performed at the same time (polyrhythms). @ Sounds can be extended across beats (dotted notes, ties) Form © The end of a musical idea is marked by a cad- ence. ‘© Repeating patterns can create unity. @ Melodies can be made up of sections that are different, @ Music can be divided into smaller parts called phrases, © Phrases in a melody can be alike or differ~ ent. © In call-and-response form, responses can be identical to the call, or contrasting, © Phrase endings or cadences may be complete or incomplete @ Each of the three phrases in **12-bar” blues con- sists of four “bars"" (measures) @ Sections of @ composition can contrast with fone another and sections can be repeated (ABA). annadgacanngnonegqrcar gr we og, CMOHRODBHOAPOF SP SS" BIDISISISISESESESE © The initial section of a composition alternates with contrasting sections in rondo form. © Sections of a composition can contrast with one another and sections can be repeated (AAB- BACCA), © The rhythm of the melody can be varied when ‘a melody is repeated (theme and variations). Harmony © A melody can be performed alone or with other pitches, © Anvostinato can add harmony to a melody. Introduction tothe Elements of Music 11 @ A drone can add harmony to a melody. © Chords consist of three or four pitches stacked in thirds (V7). © A chord progression can serve as an outline for 2 composition (""12-bar" blues) © Chord tones can be played one after another as a song accompaniment, © Musical texture results from the combining of melodic and harmonic elements (monophonic, polyphonic, and homophonic styles).