Seth Arreola

Hamlett
English 102
September, 29 2015
Annotated Bibliography
Allport, Gordon. "The Language of Prejudice." Language Awareness. 11th ed. Boston:
Bedford/St. Martin's, 2013. 324-33. Print
In the text from this book Gordon Allport explains how prejudice is in our language
everywhere and how it affects our views on the world. Every word or label in our language refers
properly to only one aspect of his or her nature. However, we tend to cluster ideas with each
other and labels with each other. Allport uses the example of the label blind man in his
explanation. If someone is a blind man then they are blind, that is all the phrase means. Yet when
someone hears blind man they associate it with feebleminded, cripple, incapacity to do things
properly etc. but these things may not be true. This is the language of prejudice. We may not
actively try to be prejudice; it is in out language non the less.
The author of this text from the language of Prejudice found in Language Awareness is
Gordon Allport, who was a American psychologist. He was one of the first psychologist to focus
of the study of the personality, and contributed many things to modern psychology. He has
written many other books in his career, this one focuses on prejudice. The goal of this source is
to inform the reader of the prejudice that exists in our language. Different than the other sources
in this annotated bibliography this source is from a book. This means that there is some bias that
exists in the text towards his point of view yet it is still academic. Although it is academic is is
hard to classify it a scholarly because it is bases from large conceptual ideas.
This is one of the base parts of my essay. My essay revolves around the idea that there is
prejudice in out language and mind. Instead of using the blind man example he gives I will be
using the words or labels of eighteen and twenty-one. The idea for the drinking limit being 21 is
that people are more mature at that age yet 18 is only three years younger. 18 is given a
stereotype of being immature even when that might not be the case. I want to point out the
stereotypes associated with being 18 and this source allows me to do that and then ask the
question of who is mature, how do we decide this, and who decides who is mature.
Dean-Mooney, Laura. "A Lower Age Would Be Unsafe." U.S. News & World Report 15 Sept.
2008: 10. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 Oct. 2015.
In this article the author talks about the reasons why lowering the drinking age would be
unsafe. She has reasons why the age should stay the same and why the drinking age at twentyone has worked. She argues against the college presidents who side with Chose Responsibility,
which are presidents who side with lowering the drinking age to prevent binge drinking among

underage students at their school. She states her reasons why the legal drinking age limit at
twenty-one still works on college campuses.
This article was written by Laura Dean-Mooney, who is the president of mothers against
drunk driving. She has give speeches across the country on the topic and has also written many
articles on the subject, so she is qualified on the subject. While she doses know a lot about this
topic she is most certainly bias on the topic. The goal of this source is to list reasons why the
drinking age should stay the same, and to change peoples mind who think the drinking age
should be lowered. I would classify this a popular, yet it doses have some good facts.
Since this topic is deeply rooted in many people, there is a big group in favor of keeping
the drinking age at 21. To successfully write an essay about this topic I will have to acknowledge
their side and then form a strong counter argument. This is where I will use this source. I will
need to know what the other sides argument to form my counter argument.
KAURI, VIDYA. "Why Drinking Bans Don't Work." Maclean's 127.(2014): 46-48. Academic
Search Complete. Web. 7 Oct. 2015.
This article discusses the failure of bans on alcohol on colleges. In particular, it looks at
the freshmens first week of college and the social events of that first week. Even the first week
of school bans on alcohol fail, while freshmen consume a high amount of alcohol at social events
on campus and isolated areas. This article then looks at how drinking as a recreation affects the
college student and the peer pressure by other students to consume alcohol.
This article was written by Kautri, Vidya who is a freelance journalist. This gives the
article a little less credible then the other sources in this annotated bibliography. Although this
source was found in a Crafton hill data base, EBSCO, so it has the credibility of them. This
article is more popular than scholarly, yet it doses have great cited facts within the text. the goal
of the source is to show that alcohol bans fail in many colleges.
This source will be easily incorporated into my essay. One point in my essay is that many
underage drinkers are forced to drink in dangers areas and without any experience. This spurce
plays into that pint in that no matter what underage college students are going to drink. There is
no other way around it, colleges try to restrict the alcohol in dorms and on campuses, yet they
still fail to ban the substance to any great measure. This source proves that alcohol consumption
cannot be stopped. So the only answer must be to guide these students and not force them to
drink in dangerous places.
Spinella, Marcello. "Correlations Between Orbitofrontal Dysfunction And Tobacco Smoking."
Addiction Biology 7.4 (2002): 381-384. Academic Search Complete. Web. 3 Oct. 2015.
This article is based on the Orbitofrontal Cortex, whish is a part of the brain that is
involved in multiple reward and reinforcement processes in the brain, and its relationship with
tobacco. Research conducted has found a correlation with tobacco use and the dysfunction of the
Orbitofrontal Cortex. Nicotine is also shown that it activates reward related parts of the brain.
This research has also dived in to amount relation. It is found that an increase in smoking of
tobacco increases the damage to the Orbitofrontal Cortex in the brain. The article then suggests
that there are many other brain diseases and damages that are from the use of smoking tobacco.

The author of this article is Marcello Spinella. Marcello Spinella is a professor at

Stockton University with a PhD in psychology and other fields close on the subject. He has also
written many other articles that were academic bases just like this one. The goal of this source is
to prove that damage to the Orbitofrontal Cortex part of the brain can be caused by smoking
cigarettes that contain nicotine and tobacco. The source provides fact based research on the
subject. This source was also found in the library database at Crafton, so it has the credibility that
comes with Crafton. It would say that the article has well documented facts and is scholarly.
Compared to my other sources this article is as scholarly as any.
The focus on this article is not the age limit of alcohol consumption, or even alcohol at
all. This article is about tobacco; to be more exact the affects it has on the human brain. I am
going to use this source to help me argue one of my points. This point is why should somethings
be allowed at the age of 18, which is defined in or society as the age of adulthood, such as join
the military, smoking etc. be allowed when alcohol is not. Using this article as a reference I am
going to be able to argue that tobacco has affects just as bad on the body or maybe even worse
compared to alcohol. On point that many people make is unlike alcohol tobacco dose not have a
affect on the brain like some studies on alcohol show. However, this article shows the opposite, it
dose have a effect on the brain. This is part of my point of why has alcohol been put in this dark
light when other things we do are just as or maybe worse.
"College Presidents Call For A Debate On Lowering The Drinking Age To 18." Alcoholism &
Drug Abuse Weekly 20.34 (2008): 1-3. Academic Search Complete. Web. 29 Sept. 2015.
This Article reports on the argument of the lowering of the drinking age to 18 by the
Amethyst initiative. They are a group of college presidents in the U.S. The article then goes on to
show how the movement has increased in a following of more and more presidents around the
U.S. Then it begins to look into the issue at hand. Its cites the issues that underage drinking has
on campuses and it is a reason for the increase in binge drinking among college students at
college among colleges in the U.S.
This source is a scholarly article; it was found on a library database. This article was
made by weekly they are a news company that publishes academic articles and news articles.
This article is to be more specific a news letter. As a news letter it is not actively trying to
encourage or discourage the change in the legal age of drinking. The articles purpose is to state
that there is a argument and movement among college presidents to lower the drinking age based
upon the epidemic of binge drinking among college students. this source is one of the most
specific sources.
This is a very good source for me to use in my essay. This is a article about how the age
limit increases the amount of binge drinking among underage drinkers. I could use this as a main
point in my essay. One of my main points of the paper is that having an age that is too high it
causes younger adults to drink unsupervised and with no one to guide them they many times
drink too much. This is a great source, also by using this source I show that respected figures
such as presidents of multiple universities around the U.S. As distinguished people these
presidents show that this is a side that not just eighteen-year-old wanting to drink.

ProCon.org. "Minimum Legal Drinking Age ProCon.org." ProCon.org. 25 Aug. 2015. Web. 5
Oct. 2015.
This web page of ProCon.org discusses the affects of alcohol. The page has a large
amount of information about the subject. This page has parts the give cited facts about alcohol. It
then gives options to find our more about drinking, what are some more arguments about
drinking, top pro con quotes, and then background about the topic. Lower on the page it gets into
its main point a pro and con list. It gives fourteen cited pros to lowering the drinking age, then it
gives fourteen cited cons to lowering the drinking age. After the pro con section, the last relevant
part of the essay is a text towards the bottom of the page that is a background to should the
drinking age be lowered.
ProCon.org is a nonprofit public charity. Their purpose for their sites is to provide a
resource for critical thinking and to educate without bias. In 2014 5,758 schools used procon.org
for teaching purposes. This site contains over 7,100 biographies for the sources used in the site.
The chief executive officer is Jay Rakow, who graduated from New York University and Cornell
law school. Jeffery Hendricks is the senior researcher of the site. He obtained a MA in modern
U.S. history at Cal State Long Beach. This source is the most least bias source out of my other
sources.
This source is a great resource to my essay. It is great for fact finding facts about my
topic. It provides an almost endless amount of cited facts. All their facts are cited so I can use
them easily. Using this site gives me more options on how to approach my argument. Also, this
site provides me with a good insight to the other side of the argument and allows me to form
great counter arguments.