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kQ
V1
a
Here, k is the electrostatic constant and a is distance between the charge Q and the point
P.
The electric potential at the point P due to the charges at the vertices Q is,
kQ
V2
a
Here, a is distance between the charge Q and the point P .
Therefore, the electric potential at the point P due to the two charges at the vertices are as
follows:
V V1 V2
Substituting the values of
V V1 V2
kQ kQ
a
a
(b)Resolving the electric field at the point P due to the charges into two components,
then the vertical components of the electric field will be cancelled by each other. Hence,
the net electric field at the point P is equal to the sum of the horizontal component of the
electric field due to the individual charges.
1
E E1x E2 x
The horizontal component of the electric field due to the charge Q at the point P is,
kQ
E1x 2 cos
a
The horizontal component of the electric field due to the charge Q at the point P is,
kQ
E2 x 2 cos
a
Substituting these values in the equation (1), and we get
E E1x E2 x
kQ
kQ
cos 2 cos
2
a
a
kQ
2 2 cos
a
(c)Using the definition of the electric potential, and then the work done to bring the
charges from infinity distance to the field point is,
W
V
q
W Vq
Substituting the numerical values in the above equation and we get
W 0 q
0
(d)The potential energy due to the charge Q and q at the point P is,
kQq
U1
a
The potential energy due to the charge Q and q at the point P is,
U2
kQq
a
a
Therefore, the total potential energy or energy stored in the system of three charges is,
U U1 U 2 U 3
kQ 2
kQq kQq
a
a
a
kQ 2
a