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ANTIBIOTICS

-antimicrobials that can kill or inhibit growth of susceptible organisms.


-usually they affect a metabolic pathway
-can be synthetically produced
1. Beta-lactam (ring or pennan) - is a lactam consisting of a heteroatomic
ring structure containing 3 carbons and one nitrogen atom.
-bind and inhibit enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis
-lethal to dividing bacteria
-resistance to beta-lactams due to enzyme "beta-lactamase"
2. Penicillin - used to treat usually gram + bacteria
-derived from blue-green mold Penicillium
-binds irreversibly to transpeptidase and prevents it from cross-linking the
peptidoglycan units of the cell wall.
3. Cephalosporin - belongs beta-lactam family, bactericidal, prevents cell
wall synthesis
4. Tetracycline - interferes with protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes
5. Glycopeptides - molecules that interfere with synthesis of bacterial cell
wall
6. Polymyxin - damages cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria (from Bacillus
polymyxa)
7. Aminoglycosides - collection of antibiotics that target cell ribosomes and
cause error reading of the mRNA inhibiting protein synthesis. (Includes
amikacin, gentamycin, kenamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, etc.)
8. Rifampin - derived from rifamycin
-interferes with RNA synthesis by binding to RNA polymerase
*Antifungal drugs
-typically toxic to humans

Ex. Clotrimazole, ketoconazole, etc.

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