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  • C.A. Fecher - The Philosophy of Jacques Maritain, Chs. 8-13

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    Chapters 8-13 of The Philosophy of Jacques Maritain by C.A. Fecher.

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    Chapters 8-13 of The Philosophy of Jacques Maritain by C.A. Fecher.

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PDF ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    290 vues33 pages

    C.A. Fecher - The Philosophy of Jacques Maritain, Chs. 8-13

    Transféré par

    daPiperno
    Chapters 8-13 of The Philosophy of Jacques Maritain by C.A. Fecher.

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PDF ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 33
    chapter 8 The Theory of Knowledge ercie a is ommonly paced in the Westra wat in oar Gilneas tear dierent ing frm he doa f pil Shown by tac ane be Gree The woe dob fou, eh ong the proc b sep a ct sly 9 ‘oes ol hun hd etry BC wea he grax dag of Geek fre were over aad an sto ec Bad te upon dno ey fhe of ae Py aati Es geal ore Deve tthe "babe of he sep cho og ht bbe the tre nr sem cn ie brow ase he former tt he Jeane vor a of prceing al the bern fe ery of be iva potent an dere comple rtd, hone, pe ‘con any pin Sn one cnn tr se of ang he we man ‘rlleck etl et thant od wl od plaid cq {aed lets he ins psn whch he ws ben So Po ‘Sula ly tothe conn and mae Esa when ded thee ar he ape nny pol id ot cura im ce they were eal suche was dead Eto hime we oo books and ma of wit we bow sina ance cc cones to fam oe of is Inter flower sued Sins Empl wh Ted io the sco cntry AD. and wrote 3 orl called Ones of Prboinn In he ire cat “reine had become tre orl sod ly Seep and Set pre ‘Staton of then realy xen pe work he ase ich ‘nuny imotkn poe wold wal o cla Lik mame, Ie date vay ony sbevtio sd thee of eos {> every prepended on acy pote ropeon an be 8 Paar Two: The Philosopher 12 up 20 thatthe ewo cancel cach ee oot andi i impo to sy Which, ede, of them etre, This pps to moral melt pe Live plier: the saton tht is poble here and sow maybe Qu lage and despable under eter crcomanees. The sep therefore, wl fcterdogmatize evento the extent of yng tat we connor kao all Te wily that edo not kno ond tat nese to ped ou judgment "The Unchartabe might here poi ot thatthe aatracat tht i i eesry to supend one's judgment etl judgment alin all, _raming him is majo premise, Set? work hangs ogetrcoreny ‘hough; and fr those who ike that Kind of plop ius Kind ‘of pilowphy they wil ke, One may ay of him what Hetand Resell font sid of Hume—that by making shepcim consent he made ine ete, "The brand of skeptic dat we Know tay ie product of mach lar ef: che tine of Lacke and Berkely snd Hine tn Englands of Vol tare andthe Encyelpedi ia France. Te was then tha, for alos he first time in human sory, mere debe rome into fee nega gmat; ic was then that phlopher, natad of enly guctonng, began ewe to deny. Ererthingthenogy apd mtaphycy, pyc: ‘gy and ethics—oas thrown open to asaring snd merce rept, eke (632-1) i tr adie the enact of God ado «pets sonal eveltion made by God t His erature bt once hie preiminry senueton was out of the way, he preceded to argue along ge ‘onal nes that al aur Knowledge i derived fom expeiote and that Sinee we experience only senile quale out knoe can never relly cise above the limitations of mater. The abe of oo understand ing are not tings themes, bt the ideas we have abn the. Berke ley (185-753) stempecd to sve mind fom Leckian exp by dispensing with mater; maces, he argued dos act exit excep inet 1 ii percived by someone andi into the fe tha Ga pervert allies that it owes ts being. The quale of thing, sachs color and ‘ound, ae only in our mind aber han properties inherent in he thing ie, And Goally David Hume (3711-177) stempted to apply the coup ite gc wo reso by psig of rind se Berkeley had of tater. The ideas images aod meres that we naively sme tbe ia ou nd, said Yume, ae in reality the mind il; and what we Hee e thik a jective and neeary lw o ogg are nating tore thn our own % The Philesphy of Jacques Maritain envesient summaries of pevtonal experienc. There i no mind and {here reno laws there ae onl impresions and ides. “The work of al thee men grey infeed Velie (6-178) wile he war in England; and Vals, whether one ike to adit of fies the met pent intelectual force of the eights century. Neier he nor the Enolopedite—Didert, Alber, ls Merie and the ratte phiouphers inthe ae sms of the word: bt they id imo, peta than ny proesioal perp Yo populiae and Spread bread the skepal attude ofthe Enghenent Sof of ‘Betapyace and of what he condered its haipltng dec, Vale Serv atlnemets ad timp compa wih which is pee te Sou ple in neifance. Se ag wee oe wh ht dos, Maas Ia Pant Two: The Philosopher luvised upon ik pai sch as maybe found in the writings of fem tipber af wr me: One could over pages with hi encom ba fonteat myself with one or two additonal pestages tht wil show the gh eur be a os" We maya hee that howerer mich ene tmoy bend coven nan iho remained nai y the Contamisatons of den the adem word scence be been the lt scfoge of the sanity of wath and sprig. This pinay i aot ‘sions bese tno a pry of wisn: and maybe corned in pace co ei as all to gods whith perhaps wy ronal ism ich sre erin or net ei pai» beginning of ‘ira, andar ach we mot Beno And ear theme Sore a wren "We are no forging tho ence gd in IS Like evething ce which eves fom pital nergy et {hr naturally ste anda for the who fal nrg rope dignity. Every tine tht the ge epee of om Hough themes suhoied to dep acene and humble and ‘isan trot in the name of «higher tth thy have ben severely fod gly punished" Sach woe a thse old arly ame fom a. “ocimoderlnging fr he eno he le Ags a al ha thy represented But he asin the etece imme fotoing, “eee i the cin he sha hgh et are ond hme a a pr hem 0 i tes and bd purposes: whe nso far as man 3s wind the sane ie of vitae—he can onl se for gal prs Thee the ern ofthe mater: wisdom i god by dfn, whee considered in olf ea ets wo the praca conde four Brey whe cece 5s god only inthe abst ad in pace maybe used eer well or i rsinceenly men aa be moray goad or bad—one might mote ac curly soy that sczne i morally indferet, aad that we ctalres ‘teeming fu ends The te of 4st to she or cre dead fee docs noe ake the serum "gu any more than the we of 20 omic bomb to wip ot een thud people makes the or ta” "The ances prefered wink to ence, and epee the aims of the Tater; the mole word! has prefered sence to wid, nd Genie wide i ery xen. Ti fk shad we sow, Mla believe io sence he wo a tht hey may work together in bar ‘mony tht wl enable thn to cote equally to mas wae. “The 19 The Philorophy of Jacquer Maritain very sences dhemielves” he dels, “som to invite the inteligence Tote up such atk" Today ino longer ost deny that hey Ive aoa efi rery lope art tha pred pbsopy of materi trick charceied them dang tho f the ary jus pasty and that Inthe work of sch mea as Weyl and Haber, Jas and Engen, ‘we have aot only an adnizably frank admision of the Limitations of ene, bt lity nd more inpranty, a sense of the necessity for a (Sher bl of explanation fie the wock of men Ibi in ther lds. Perhaps the ne isa lat pe for what Maran ols tobe the pre ‘cadisoa of any sock Barnoay—"the esabldment ofthe erigue of node ia an ensiely sew spe a erly reais and metaphys Spot With sch an approach ie wl be pole wo diinguish in the Eis ofthe spite the spefily and Nerczlly diac degrees of [Keowee show tha they corespond to deasve pes of explana: ‘on which canoe be bse efor another" in any cae and regardiw of whether rach 2 eicl ask can be sasfacorly,acomplihed within the immediate fare, eres ne lightest reaon for boy, fr a fing of manual srt, beeen Seence and plese, Ir absurd to Bebeve tha hey can ever cash, so Teng as exc abo own proper wee, In an ale writen in 14 ‘Mariaia exphined with adzurbleconclion why hi must ees teu, Hl is peaking thee of “piysenmatbomatis which, a we shall, sein the nent chapter, = Muhlyspecalized form of ane partelar ‘Sen; be what he ays cane apled with equal vei co the whole Udy of cea ingay cen inant “Tn ety” he observes, "here ih confice between Pips mathematics ad meaphyscs or phos ‘phy, esse dey do cx only correspond wo evo fundamentally diferent ttchode of approaching realty, bu also ai at two eiferent Gels of Knowles, to diferent formal and spediying obecte within realty: cach one ha proper abject oper sis proper Sel rd hee five ts proper rmans of analy the subetrater elanging inthis fel Phibswphy looks ater eens and analyes tings ia es of tring. Phscomatherates locke aftr 8 matemcal reading ce d- pling of phenomena: Te two dais do not hant on these sl Ench one can develop ad nit without encountering he tet" (Gen ne 383 chapter 11 The Philesophy of Nature row the fc tht che thinkers ofthe ancient world had a impefee sion of ene it flows a a covllary that they weat equally rayon the concept of the phlowphy of mature. Ta ithe cate of he id they know thatthe ens were confused was samp that, in Masts words, “poopy ad the experimental seers Wee [fot the) one dod the sae scence and ll he wences concerned wth the mae world were sobdvsns of one aigue sei rece which was Caled ‘phiovphia natural? and to which longed at once to analyze the nature of corporeal subanc aid to expan ranhowe For the ancients the pilpy of nature absorbed al the naaralseenes. For ‘her the deal of phenomena wat no the objet of specify dine, scene explanation"? I hae alrendypolted ur thatthe amount of Seutife Knowledge to be had a the time (wet, that is ia the ‘modern sense ofthe word) was ight: and s twas pebaps not ones ‘nab for hem ip disolve wat le thre wasnt hr iosopbical fens and atenpe eo expsin iin piowphic terms. An adequate ‘en of the pllorophy of mature had to wat append, unl modern ‘eine ame nto ing. "Yer even thn did ott out in exaly that way “The great modern selie moverene ance Galo feed philphy and oto Tegal knowledge frm 3 how of ake which had astmed and which relly did noe Belong to #5" bu for «very log sine the poopy of ture fared bees tide he new dagen than i had der the Phe Panty of Hors (Soe Yi Pi a a 8.2 The Philosophy of Jocqes Meritsin 1,1 te ances abd cece nt hp th moder word Stet a cpm (and omens ka orgie) cxvee by aberng Thy ne ace Scene ws convinced ht could nl snwer Ste quis tha reds and ae whiter beyond kao ‘ge why tha eakcnunowable in any vet ws eral no fowl che pilowopher, who specie alia an rma while the wien went ut inte Bell an got en dy by aul co thr wih he cbc of his way. "A the end of he tech aod Ite de fw hue qurere fencer cer tas bled ht i2Esce full ws wishom=aiene a the scence of petomena and ‘Baus de Ue ence which oun the toner fhe tor The age cE ugase Come and of Her Spence ought wiv in ee" “Thin sate af alia wr by an more scr than he fone oe had bean Sec fa gh be ed punt ere ws 0 toe rom fr hain mex mdb ong By exited ee a fc apa elcen dy er inchs {hey wo ne pone very bei There eno her cence ficou of sare tan he epg and tha cen oe 3 Fiabnpye" Whe was ned war form of phlomphiod knowlege DDver fun meapys (wich does at coor fl wih fal de tals dhe gnc and orpeon of temporal Bodo india {Siete} and ye hughes than she ences ih had ten off mere ‘Ban hy cl anery chews» fr of knowledge, oe ha ‘ould ede the thos of ste Garerito sme semblance of (and dnl al he ose 0 9 aie her ina ‘Sigh wine view of he ungey a he problem, is soning ‘hae old cance ofthe plphy a are waa ed on lang fe cara ior om dine wanton ae ameng te egies Loowedge ny he work ne ates Marsan Ith ere pou te hose em sng i mand ces the ote wich tomes mom impesiey shone all he ober undo ‘ould ht Tey bu the esac fhe jes and mane of penton te ahen so much fee gansta inchoate ce EOI Sc eth ems etn te tres ete boa vag pinay a sr fiscal lon, Frm Bi orate my on Revow snd Madar Since, on tough the “ihe beger of Keowee, 9.27. Pant Two: The Philosopher immens: synthesis of The Degree of Kuowtedge obs lest books and tices, Maiain has abored with wnlogging industry snd elt tthe Philosophy of nmre on fc again ata indepeadentdpline having fs own echniques and it om work et ot for. The base material, ‘ofcourse, were edly thers, nthe weings of Ariat and Se Thomas ‘Aquinas; bu iis am odd fc hat moat Thomiss wee hardly amare of ‘thei exence: i necdadaich work a8 Maitinaccmpliched fo point fu 10 then that her sytem of pilvpy, though peice in the ‘hice entry, wa opal for al that of sorting and dering the ‘Scenic harvest of the nneeeth and wet Marian ered and Puslled he Thomisieeoncee of ple of nature through «mee fhiboraon of an undeveloped set of Marcl Thomism For this ak Maiain was amie equiped by wre of hi easly taining in bilogy and his natralyphlowpical bent of mind. The scent who ison a cas tend a T have remarked, te conf ‘of plesophy’s eis and wo deny it any eight jadge the daa which he ha himself upenthed, The pilspber who hae no knowiedge of science, wh doesnot understand its problems and is nepal of brh- ing the fac which i lel, tends onthe one band to deny Rime « whole universe of sich and taluale information with which to sole ‘ment his own sue, and oa the eter to be ax conempons of the scents’ fac as the lett i of the philouphe' theres. Maria was kapily enabled wo avoid bath earemes His nog! es had ‘Bown fim both the ett ad the natural lian of scent i ‘pry and his work under Hane Dreach made him execly sie of the late, since Drech as given to rather dibs plilosophiing hime ‘The imac, a bi later ofthe pilomphy of Aviso ad St ‘Thomas showed him what be bleed tobe the tral angie sion ofthese problems, and to tht mon e hi nce deve sit mens amouat of eneay Te begins by potting osha, ofthe the depres of auras, it ‘is only this rst one which ie acally contd by two diferent sad ‘pecially diane forms of Knowledge On the one band there are the ‘ences ab such—phgicscheminry,bilgy and w oa--whone wor i “complise by observation and measurement, experts and soa win. i Tatty hs Ur be ei te oe coed in Mis he Phoopty of Nae aspctsy ee 33 The Philosophy of Jacques Maritain ao Lr—— a. Crt .Lhrrrr—— Ce alten Sener nnn le hh ee —CCQ md al ee ea he ean ster ee peg sain woah FL Se ng eee ar : 2 a ne ar ty coe ee ls may ak ci pint, dace he Tal ob SS. lhrrrr—~—t—“Csr— ee ees ng mr a a 2 ae pn a ————— ao ne pe en hee Toume ct ——r—— rh i oe ean in pl ey aca ma near re a UUL———L aon vel avis cc he expel oo dh—Umhr———_ ae Raat i iat ey can a, Pt tin eo a a ——hmL—rr—— “aa elit red cet h,Lhrr—~— st Die a ove he er wee ee ge Sa et ten way gn Lr” Sn ty ina cy ee aca ae am Aenea eee a See SEES. a 1 Parr Two: The Piloropher the seasons ut proces lke bith and dent, generation and conrption, owt and matey and deine—even learning, which isthe sl tin of Knowledge T did ne heraofoe pos and which thus changes nee just chat extent. No wonder, then that mation ete "to us ‘eral and cbvious characterise ofthe cope word” for everything {hat exists materially mat experience evento given ees, 4 tone—aay never actully do anything excep come into exeace at Some ume at then subeqenly cee wo be "Now matin, shoul be slice obvi die ot take plc of Ilo ina yam In otde for le to occur a all, mt exer 0 something. And this womething, which pilespecs cll “bance” oe har which “bene though i” (ein syringe ‘Brouphout all the changes or mations that may a pen ec When T have Snaed shaving Ino longer have the growth of eared that I had wea 1 sand Latering my fc, bt aide um the ehncenet of my personal Pulehritde Iam no noticeably deren fom what Twas befor the ex fest hair as removed: Forty years frm aow I may hae le mos of my ysl powers and alge pare of my mental ones, be even if ath ‘edie invalid incapable of singe cere tow Iwi il be the sine person am now ia th prime of manhood. And a T have so marked on several carer eceasion this existence of mine is something holly unique, in the sense that i sot shared With anyone leo “uly pinay.” Maritain emphasise, “poses i xine, Tike ics nate ia an incammnicable way which Is absluely iow, [Not only i is ature singular bot it pos the eens whch acter thai dre ingle pneson, unshared with any othe” Now meaphyses docs not are one whit whether I am lene shaven or havea beard, whether Va bursng with youll vigor on the le sages of sei. The being with which iti concerned i the same in all ces, uaflaced by time or she shiing vices of the bie et mene. Ad scence may explain the proximate cases of thee ‘changes to which I'am sabjec—the pretense of fair on my face a6 secondary seal eharacersic of the human male, the dene of my mind and body in ems of gland, Hormones intra seen, ad 22 on endlessly tan have nothing to ay shout the subantalbing that underline and o which they happet, Is even igh in eosing to adic sch concepts im is vorabalay. To ak of 3 blog that he The Def Katt. 5 ‘The Philosophy of Jacques Marin caphn the funetons ofthe hin body by means of ides ke ing and Sun change and mn, wool be an eget oxi 4708 ‘Soap upor he nan ne ener? Yee cen iat Sho hge dy cur ad tht hey sr toa Being ich aba SSeS ft if, hens dy ae be te cptene ene and be IES fe neat of apace whce sal we Bid 2 bet whe linea unique basnen 1 dl wh em? i a thie ‘point chat the philosophy of nature enters on the scene, sn re eit elle ee the it ne bo eines een hse tno oe Bacher ef kno” je be thc thy beings bot unlit the ater cnt eng ina ps iemrcbed ve fens wl andject of ange and mea. cree je he ato ech word fal cope ‘Sicnes bru seace gor ead ste penance Since scouideason a he tal eg beneath the“ we Sito io he pop of naire me tn sy dae om ok Trowizipe mich fava ej mall he thingy of cron, Ia i lglg wee reat fr hs moakbiye "The plug ona che fo Tepes of eit vlan, sia beng os ml bing vere endef poner and son wh flax inh vee wich ste mn ven bing ewe om the cue fi Tyr pei Beco to may the moyen a pe ‘Horelcs ime te moreno geen nd msn or Tm whch the dept mark of he ontop sacar ch me tof vegeatie gomth when h made mane secon oh nero es" "Thc pr ofthis quouion ined into what pehas the cc mek th atu plow ean cxf snr ‘The eas of tng wih F gee sve may have the iw of isi ey meas unten hat ey ra conveying the Rene hat holy aah specie cnge, or such lel {SIRE cn, wih lh is rnc pep can hopes ea ‘Aci nating eld be er fom he wu if hat were the cn dhe wed hae tron a on in Mari, aoe ee esareing {fom te pear of dead pope dee The loopy of TH Ral ea 16 Part Two: The Philosopher ‘ature embraces not oly ich things eB the whe vs grad tena th nies of prea exec fom the treo the om tothe mation ofthe sien nd fn the ert mater oa Sone or Sele came ar nan wer mye Maran "8 world ctingece, of risk a entre reversion tne ity tht go als asc ad ars ut iis ef esa enema gal pt of naam and of ee ts ben tending coward equim, sg fac op peoding ol ley, binging for marc in sh ard dh The pine of exspy ha een michael hyping, bt we veel fave the ght tne ths dsp mestng which ager so well wid ‘Arinal’splophil ot storm baon of ne: el) Be ‘oni of dearcon rte he of cong ns fg. Aad we bore gi he vam hw el exon ih ce a ing eran make ote lw af the epson ey, (ich spits Rowen ote wine a ern) mes es tel the these where meting megs endwed with sgl Ines denny and cle th wu pce mates aod opens op stihl Pa new wal set ant ht prc ae om ems ht gret ds by which te Thom lop of nase in the univ of ving td moive oe aprton aod an acent tom oe enabgel degre to anuhcr tmard me fincas complet nity and indy, ad of inating ini aod com ‘munity a he nme time a sent ova ht wich ao longer jus partir at nies nulls win see wae pn tw xhers hugh ieligence and rete eres whieh a Se Thomas Say the mo pera thing in all of te Noon the begining Ps pal eof he oye i nr meus asm af dat on eof th th bo en the pee Shy of tre can eae becaae—by we of ie copys onnetiosit ater than sece ep desing wih seh Hes seg sn ming ny sad ml dian pe 9, ‘And ye hie aeration by se shows very cay in what see the sey of mtr is Seeadst pon ene knowledge iiakes We ofthat howiege tice ners en ms eunvor forts 1 he Phnapy of Jue Maina a LrrrC—~———S ces re eth tr a ee a gt el tae tenon Cr —— ce a I acim Sa ts nm =r Se ee a ct eo, Se ae acral greene od ley ene ec See Fe ee eae Naa See ae eal tcl tt rr ea ee dep dante ge ee ee oF —r——— seat ig en a Asal Moo wll a = — cae ee ae eens beeen ee | Cr a se ey Se nna, a ant ye mae ee Me ae ar pei ge Pre —ULmUr—— Se er er eb ym makes myst ono of + asin | £#i ;; £;°}§ a ee es nc ae Scena a ee yada Bl wees SC aoe ene the lst | &; £+; i Maen oar al mes See neem ale alo wou me i Teagan 8 Pane Two: The Philosopher soeric pete of ition which i leat removed from sense the ‘reg tod wing tion ht ig wy ‘Somuch, then, forthe tree conception of natural pilsphy a it cis inthe wage of toca and ec the and ey et Sksngnged and psd for win our own day by Masi, Thee i yt snoherpccs of ta usurping farm, one might y—aich has cme ino engin moder ines snd on which desl we spend eat 1 few minutes se tinted ft the cond dee of abrecton, the world of mathematics We canard to be bit he forthe Single ‘eum that 90 maden schol writer hat dea at ll ene wah ‘nahematalpiowphy, she for Thomism i ropes paca ‘npn tein. Maran bas writen on tat greater lengthy perp, than any of his comtemporary ada lb one tr erica een toned sy that “he bar gen tte phloophy of mathematic» new took by his aaa the conc of unter, figure ad nity wrll as by his teachant cums of the seton of Eitan, Lobnchewakian aad ater non Fudan geometries tothe tren. soon geome of uci and by his accurate determination of the place ‘of mathemati section in epnemalogy orth theory of aoe ager; but be himself would be theft to ami cha his work as barely scatchal the surfacr and on severe has aed urgent il for bboes in the vineyard “Padulry i elation tthe founda ‘ons of mathematics” be har deca, "mich more prelimioary work i sill eid, in my opinion before Wom pileophy can propund 2 ‘racic imerpreain in whidh all the cial problems cred by ‘eden developments inthe mathemati iscsi soon” * ‘Yet the lite that he has dae bears evidence of» profound under sanding ofthe subj ad it his major interns bad nothin clove i nce a be mh hel ne acpi te ek to ich bes avd others As alvays, ad perhaps dite hl, he Segin by pacing a the hore ckground fom which the deans cf modera malemats emerged, The method ean avantageout coe, Since inno other way i pole o grap the fl igieance othe ‘Brecon it has en since; bth sje efor, a ch book much lager than hs would be require odo i jus, and we "Re al Pei, ori aks Sd and Wi 19 >. The Philosophy of Jacques Merits tnt cnet ous wih iat so meager tha ede hold teamed dons ov tin et 4 fan ides of the momento ill ouch ened "The Daniags of hat Sra re evap ba found ia. an psi which oes ast canuly he foots af Leonardo Vie “ee no cena where on cnr apy ay of he mathe Tres aes or ay ofthe wih eb pn the matt ‘Ronee Hower nave sad roping th et may at be a Se trod of the grat Renaisance gat tw dined to provide he Tot fem which the sence of e net for cnt wuld tke Ja erconment la i5¢ teeny four ens afer Leonards deh peri gave whe word he Concrning the Revaaions of the evenly Bl, erin esque tha the ahs sea a, {ar being te ined ene he oer, i sal plane ike the otters cling about che any lest than’ cemtry fatty in 6 ‘Glen coomrucing ow ofthe Bon praca leaps, observed and fred Uy mala cleans the movemens of the tis of Tope ad nal in ry Sir hae Newron abled his pct Mite Prinpe of Nate Php, an eene which sme tcbolin have au heed io sl the besining ofthe mode wer ‘The wey ns thus open or» png of aaron Inerprettion, tha ino the univealong pirey mathematical nes nd God wo nd en seu yt tas of medal mer he pre a in Fine Spa who cca the world od sain beg 8 ee) momen by Hs povidece, bce now a mater geomet rN. ‘Bigsby Incas of cqunne sad ligarse The mater incpeaton ef natal potsnena as contned ne then in eo Samy meuming crenead and the work of men ike Planck ad Ennia, Wel and econo our ay ie not even indie hat tbe cman may hase eon acted. arczlay hus tr matcas reading of ast ifn the path a physompyson wh il mately conned wich ll {Ee change and sons o the nies. The ion of the two—atrel {uindpesble on he on and ght with dangerous pales Se igen Hh nd em eh Main le ‘Shyscomaematers fon owedge, peel leit ZEEE hh never sug to tke over the postn ht lily of atrewhch wa mt the ens 2d in dng to bing umow the cn cao tans knowledge wide ral cS Parr Two: The Philoiopher “This prodigious invents,” Maran dears, "as change ihe face of the world; and gvea vse. o that teble misunderstanding whch, fr three hundred years, har cated a quel teneen modern wen and the plilosophis perenniz Tha ven re to otro capa trrry inthe deeee to which i har been band tha ie sopplied 2 ‘eras philosophy of ature." Here agin we mat aot be mised by hi LEnguage Ino thinking that hix potion Is oe of hiebound reaction and conserva, for ih the very next breath head Tail fom an ‘unemologal pint of view, ie was an adil discovery to which, ‘evertcesywercan easly aun a plas inthe ape of sconces” “This colosal task thar modern mathemati physics has acon plied, ough goad and valid and ign, ha amg other things fea ise tothe eed for atonal work-along purely pibophi {inert is obtsbusns are to be aids toe vale Tes the realization of thief tht har exo Maran to empbsae oa tnany = age throughout his books the pressing acy for sch ste. "The formovs pogtess made by modern mateinatiche wits, "haste ‘deed more indigenable than ever belre the pliloophie stad the est prinips of the mathematical scenes, which alone cin provide ‘onal aceunt of the tse nate of tata absoctin sd he ‘mental objets which it considers the propre and muti laonipe ofthe coninuons and the diconinous the rel eating of ede and traniinte aumbers, the infernal, now Eacldesn space, ey aod Sally ofthe vay of mathematical tamerpsof py rely, snd of such hypothens for example, atthe theory of eltiiy ™ And to that works as hae sid, hehe im contributed ona mode vale the ehitd Chapter of The Degree of Knowledge on "Our Rooted of Seovible Nate” isa rls and penetrating stay of ply and mathemati Knowledge in general and one which incidental, well Fey he compan fh ied ne tain has the most enthsasic hopes for the continued progress ‘of mathematic, and etea frees the day when it may be applied to fas a5 seemingly remote from i ow as biology and psyholegy. One anno hep wondering if here be har not oversee somewhat the bounds of probaly, for ie would sccm ually that the eect, aburact laws of quatiy and extension could eer be related, excep adn Spy 9 Br The Philosophy of Jacques Maritain Sire of le and the mind, But however saad mater See een ae ee a orca parte ee cecal girl Cone ~ chapter 12 The First Philosophy uo all the problss we have treated of inthe las wo chaps Bier has somed to ck sosher-bgzt dere, more ba aod efound—the sy of which it hs bra nets te pepo wt now have id thatthe knowledge which we oan fem enc incom ple; inthe language of Martinis proto" peel o faumfceaiaLnowldge™ which, he ssn" haowlage by sgn—a0 Tanger signs which sake manfenesenaldierenc bu dg which ‘stint these forte and ae kw St plce™ We ae tare foe example, tha there eit a subaneesneywht ia elo, ‘hich onary temperate ins gid mh ale wo" hich ‘rl til a5"; we Enow from expences havea ecrain {nce vale bu an sho be wery Poon To hs ebay, by an ‘ace rbiary comet f angus, we ge the neo ry Bc in accordance with he dniocton brwetn re and nomial de ‘ons tnt was ad down in Chapter Seven, we may sy tha our Knowl ttle of the properer dhs mt ene wre dene ecu) oly {describe ts we cane ll what ty bt sly he manne a Whi fos us We ae stl in bic oath tnge on phys levl ef he Fede of aaton "Yer the mind by i very nature seks to know more than this, We vant (0 go beyond the level of mere suse phenomena aad find ext His meteuyo anything chews i Hoel we, wa tw hac io “sence” This nether sete or atc phwphy can lo Kt seem} wo rie ahve tho above even the second gee of athe ‘ata abstraction, wo one higher il: he hd ad lat re we main the De of Kem, 9-38 33 The Philoophy of Jacques Maritain so sanc kao, wheal big ores is 09 sy ‘Beteton br wanccading we Bp the toe nares of ings ‘Nisin cls deca elton the acto he rid which pene thc an crac ad pees who the thing Ad i. ooo iss folic tain that hth ery hinge nd ie hat {Cons cena we know bang aod tht ct we sures ae teal ‘ledmre the coca of enor high ae he coastal ej of ‘riche Fite however, wo guacins are in ore. The fie i hay acu here are bat ow things whe cece ec ly 5 that We Gow Te snc of se hing semaine in general ide fom wy 1 ren ft mater which ded in =" Ther are dileeee 12 th pom even among Them, Buti gre the opin alt Gol shard by Marian) tat the none are whe peste ‘Seveics we an rap in lth fulner-namely or ov, By hat ero ela lnoedge whieh sails the human mind to ken el nd eet ncn wen Sie ra aly tonattyewkich agus wy fn he roto mata etn {poets he xin and hyo al ur ter powers “Bat low maa ‘Pee meth Cenc o esac to nel whieh belong © Inaet wih des expel pate sage used koowlgale By sgn aber tan by poperts i esol nea he wor lo the ean to rnin ben fo i hei pee are {isle dat we hae wena ours vith prone knowedge and toil ena who ee, sea hl at real aint “ugh fo oor perp “Fe tnd pat eave when we do ain he exec of things we do not dow by indo tpn co ton thn legos wr nce the very sre of the bet ad as bre Siyuey, Devanes Gough tha wed ce of he Sar and nae ‘lls hic he pond in the indy bo this or of eer {eed w the angels Our he cee sl es on fom {he sews ely by we penton by epics and expeinen, theme ae able to go beet etre tothe ne et." We may Sy Manin sasha ora ata bt ada owed, ‘heh pes invari wi ely reaching the comer by sang ™ Pasr Two: The Philosopher ‘Thomas wid which mane and which ae proper’ ie ei eey ied, Eegnne nue samieearbones ita at eh on gta sialon eect tne aaoerea ia menamnaaee cae em cata Shee orca cau siscy eaten te e Poitisot steseettes teeters sn ids as aa pee traced me scerar espe clay Stace Soya commun Mire tee intraarea caaiacgleae hs nee ‘cin var wom me pine ay el ent i rd ope our) you at hil ears 0 ‘re nh 5 The Philosophy of Jacques Maritain tn oad pc hee nme ee re iy Sage ea ar ay Slepneeel ess ee Te oo ena ree te SSA tt tn eo ei Ney eo wet SO ao om i ec achne oigeretn ad ee ea aioe preparer errors tee as ei ge of ne a Oy Seta ine eee) Se seme tine pen on amt 1 Se ten i ee aera a ‘eee oor nb oes of mci nd ty Sa a ee ere warn get aaa ee a Pi a ard ten eon lees ee eee a ee acc cea ato ao inate Sle ny at wl eee Be tl pcs ay ce Een ie uni eae qth cr ed ie te aay eee ne Ga Sasa en ed ens at mayne wea Sepa Ser acetals har ha eT an ed Soe io ction SORE ASIST eon a ae ng ae So spams TOS SNPS and can ve sey mtd Sear ase antes eke copra seca ee tek er a ne on a a torres bese np eee eines Sees te Benes mb at No as Sat Pane Two: The Pliloropher the ue mening of dition thn they who have exe ito wi"; fed an" ibe tme way oon ca be are ee meng ayia equal gp othe se of ninco, Thun ey Sempra meapil then, pray i eo oe pL ‘ches of knowledge ad he abd sedating run ‘he penn of fet, af al ol eos sewage, which fet ay bane; bor the odin of facts easy af ley, ‘hen ech are eve! ows it bere sa seria che {falta oie mapa or won “le we have We eo, hea, why meager pio gh" anda ok th cen eps oem) et Se the eer of for on he onary te chy eo occ pies incase prepara ara nthe tee ha al eer ss Epa on ia preps ik bar ponte changes ne ‘cable whe of wit hey lve te male nl slept ‘Mpc Maritain epi “pcs in the word of the eral aad he ask make spa nh psa ng he Kaw ‘ie ennnmmore ue fa ad me Cet he ee tesa, ugh lw ey raped’ i gucn ofthe scenes Deca the whe aay taker psec one pte eld foteven ext tne tcc fine alas wc spare see be ermal obec of hat sen ingen prove ih ip, ands ee to dnd the princi in he cen they a 3 ete Ye thi amlog of wn and pas cannot eps of. ti ten Ten, hen mops bem Kindo aise thoy atl by way of atv, of lhe Knowle tate ner Sctnces cb And ach aan would make of mere popes, Snwory of aniline epee steven sy that Ineapyis Know the deed Sings of tne bso owl he teal i tery wool be dependent pon thet aera the xe way aod The pent fs ge creation dos mo once mel wid he minute weg ofthe Sonne baer ange, 2 pedaon manager, a Weaseysod on ho hve he eons isu ihe Nao iu re i mck Wo eB Porn SE LSS SST ce ln toa 7 The Philocophy of Jcques Maritain td he autor for thee department and who report Bin i broad thine he fonctoning of each. Soi with metapysi Te deena in Sesigne the eperaons of ch aence, and will ot ieee with thao it ow have the uogieioned righ to supervise them and el the for reports hich nay be of ier ovale oe Main JP jildng on fe ne. "Mpync” he dere “ae no need te comple by the scenes of phenomena dominates th nd it fhe rom ter cond ‘Thi arhteconc ponitn Was recognize by the hiokers of ancent times andthe Middle ge, bo at ot ight of tthe Begining ofthe Ineden word. After Deca had reduced means to few Crident arson te eed of phys and Kane had deed tha i ould ever be 3 frm of Knowledges metaplasia bt die Speed fom the snc, Maria, tho wil ave ha he preset er ime of "apeclave incompetence” an ab forthe eon one pening page of his magnum opus, “Whether they be aco Kantas ot feopostise he yn helt Rergoian,lpislans, pragmatis (or eeSpnori, or Asmat oneatcet on work inthe os of SiN modten phisiopkicmthe old cor of nomial, Unde aed fox, with tee or les perepion, they all erin koowledge by con ‘pe for oo bg apes ition of the uniquely exient they cannot forge I for he at dha doe ot ike theses ke fan mediate contact with exiseaees bot only wih exences and pos Icy sd only sansa exience by ling back upon the ees. "They fundamentally miaconcive he vale ofthe absrace.» »» What it the cn ofthis neural nominal? Because with a ase for the real they bck the seme of being Being ar mck deached fom the mater in ‘whit is incrportd, Deg wth tp civ neces avs Thich do ne weigh, hy cooing Wisc do ct bind, ini ev Xeon i for emonly a word" Being, the key word ofall hl lp stoped by te tnoers as «Seto gion, a made Ieaded noon nel a ein any paca harve; and yet abe tne term which clot be ignored forthe single rena thal other terme are ede "Wha cased ing alters macy ceatriewdsppeae from pio phy? low lie hapen the the “iene” of twas et? The answer ‘EC gets ob found in there of aden sien We hiony See Dep of Revol op 3 cy Pant Two: The Philoropher of metaphysis and since wee 10 be showa on s graph, the cure of the formes woul flim det proportion a that ofthe later asad Scene is fndamentaly empl ha to be snc of ts Yry ate itis conered with the tangible and observable me ach Thre cnr if humanity bough up onthe eu tat he nly eles ae thse which can be sensed and measured simply forgr about being, The dase Spread cien to psophers: some of he to beste rerenbered at there had been mah lk formerly abou “being” and it occured 10 ‘hm dat when they had afew minutes oa thir ha they might ke fee i bur they proceeded ar thot were anew kind of slment of some virus not hier soled, and 0 thee ere natrally cme to ‘ought They then encoded thar cere was no uch hing ad that they ‘nigh a wal forget above the whole fs, ‘Aad jr of these pilophery, tie than of any othe men, i may be said hat there ae Bone so Bind a tho who wil at se, For al he wile being was unde their very ose, in the air they brenhed we strking em inthe face a millon ties » dey, “What Is primaly nwa, and in which every objet of thaugt etled for te tll, isbeing”™ Ae son ar I pereive a thing with any ane of my sense; ead fen before know wht iT Know he ii ht ie, Ad i it {ss i mus have being. That ill he concep means really, bu ha a inlads everthing, brave whatever ee I may know abo a0 chet fellows upon ny primary awareness that exe “Thi eligible tj ing Maran points ut, "sao the parila veg of any fone of tho eases of things which the logan calle specs, get | ‘tegry Ts universally communica, si found everywhere: evry hee elf and everywhere varying, we are unable wo Gok without posting ie a cr minds suse il sings Tis what the schol fled 3 rancendetl objet of thought.” Herein yu have the capital dstiogion baween him and his oa schon consemporaris These later ried to Tit being hey though ‘hate was insides thing athe works fa watch are inde case, end {hac it cup co be capable of being haxgraphed by some kind of sper Xeray machine But a vansendental anno be limited ges beyond all, slesifeions and is as exesive as vealty lf ti at Inloed Ia ‘hing but inlades shen.” Mariaia ots this and thos knoe lo i "The mela, am i » on ‘The Philotophy of Jacques Maritain | = —=——d de ei eet cea ne thc knoi la Sere "He has wid, ‘but without much success, to point chis out to his col- La ee ee ban wy hig a ~~ SS -—rr———_C eerie een ee peers ce ef mantic oeeece eeegee ener ern Sere te in cy De rs se oe eb rare tt en oho ne oo hC—hrhr—~—~—~—C cog ema es rl me fo a on cgi ak Si Tel hy hn he gen fit se a ee Se ee eye ie fe bores Ne ey og cE hLrhlr Ll er Oe ee re ning te ge C-LC”r—-— CE eee ap ta omer SF hLL—— a ne lt drs cad Te it rane ety — —E— rr ee ee ert te anche —rt—<“

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