Um A Dictionary

The Uma Institute for Tibetan Studies
Tibetan-Sanskrit-English Dictionary
Jeffrey Hopkins, Editor

Paul Hackett, Contributor and Technical Editor
Contributors: Nathaniel Garson, William Magee,
Andres Montano, John Powers, Craig Preston,
Joe Wilson, Jongbok Yi
UMA INSTITUTE
FOR TIBETAN STUDIES
Honoring the humanitarian and philanthropist Michael Currier (1961-1998) whose donation of fifteen thousand dollars in
1986 allowed the UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies to purchase an Apple computer and thereby made possible the entry of the original form of this Dictionary in a database. It was
then printed and eventually made available free-of-charge
on the web. This seminal gift has since spawned numerous
publications and the flourishing of our translation projects.
Website for UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies (Union of the Modern and the Ancient: gsar rnying
zung `jug khang): uma-tibet.org. UMA stands for "Union of the Modern and the Ancient" and
means "Middle Way" in Tibetan. UMA is a non-profit 501(c)3 organization.

Jeffrey Hopkins, Editor

Paul Hackett, Contributor and Technical Editor
Contributors: Nathaniel Garson, William Magee,
Andres Montano, John Powers, Craig Preston,
Joe Wilson, Jongbok Yi
UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies

uma-tibet.org
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UMA Great Books Translation Project
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ING Foundation and Yeshe Khorlo Foundation
and gifts from individual sponsors
Hsu Shu-Hsun; Chou Mei-Dai;
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Translating texts from the heritage of Tibetan and Inner Asian Buddhist systems. The project focuses on Great Indian Books and Tibetan commentaries from the Go-mang College syllabus as
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Version: June, 2015
ISBN
Library of Congress Control Number:
Hopkins, Jeffrey, 1940-.
The uma institute for tibetan studies dictionary: tibetan-sanskrit-english / by Jeffrey Hopkins.
ISBN
1. Hopkins, Jeffrey, 1940-. 2. Dictionary of Tibetan religious and philosophical terminology.
I. Title.
Preface
The Dictionary basically reflects the experience of a number of translators associated
with the UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies and the University of Virginia who
worked with Jeffrey Hopkins. The translation equivalents in boldface type arose
from group interaction over five decades in the process of translation. Thus the Dictionary arose from the process of translation rather than an attempt to include as
many words as possible from the Tibetan language.
The compilation of terms was started by Joe B. Wilson on index cards which
were Xeroxed in groups onto pages, but shifted to an early Apple computer which
allowed the collection to be entered into a database with fields for the entry, Sanskrit,
tenses including verbal elements in nouns and adjectives, the approved English, examples, definition, divisions, and comments. John C. Powers added translation
equivalents and Sanskrit from the works of Edward Conze and others, and Paul
Hackett added almost 2,000 entries; these appear in regular type and are marked with
their source, the key for which is given below. Jongbok Yi added 1,300 entries with
English in bold type from the translation of Jam-yang-shay-pas Seventy Topics by
Hopkins and Yi.
The dictionary is a work in progress. Please bear with inconsistencies of form
and inform us of mistakes.
Paul Jeffrey Hopkins
President, UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies
Emeritus Professor of Tibetan Studies,
University of Virginia
Abbreviations
B-7: {standing for bsdus grwa Part 1} Pur-bu-jog (phur bu lcog byams pa rgya
mtsho). Explanation of the Lesser Path of Reasoning (rigs lam chung ngu'i
rnam par bshad pa), Chapter Two on Established Bases, debate 7.
BJ:
{standing for Pal-jor-lhn-drub} Pal-jor-lhun-drub (dpal 'byor lhun grub).

legs bshad snying po'i dka' 'grel bstan pa'i sgron me. Buxaduor: Sera Monastery, 1968.
BR: {standing for blo bzang rgya mtsho blo rig} Lo-sang-gya-tsho (blo bzang
rgya mtsho; 1928-1997). Presentation of Awareness and Knowledge (blo rig).
C:
{standing for Conze} Edward Conze. Materials for a Dictionary of the

Prajpramit Literature. Tokyo: Suzuki Research Foundation, 1967.
col.: colloquial.
D1:
{standing for bsdus grwa Part 1} Pur-bu-jog (phur bu lcog byams pa rgya
rnam par bshad pa), Chapter Four on opposite-from-being-something and opposite-from-not-being-something, debate 1.
D2:
{standing for bsdus grwa Part 1} Pur-bu-jog (phur bu lcog byams pa rgya
rnam par bshad pa), Chapter Four on Opposite-from-Being-Something and
Opposite-from-Not-Being-Something, debate 1.
DASI: {standing for Decisive Analysis of Special Insight} Lo-sang-dor-je (blo

bzang rdo rje). Ship for Entering into the Ocean of Textual Systems: Decisive
Analysis of (Tsong-kha-pas) Stages of the Path to Enlightenment.
DG: David Germano. Poetic Thought, the Intelligent Universe, and the Mystery of
Self: the Tantric Synthesis of rDzogs Chen in Fourteenth Century Tibet. Ph.D.
dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 1992.
Gan-dan-tri-pa: Oral commentary of Gan-dan-tri-pa Jam-pal-shan-pan.
GCT: {standing for Go-mang Collected Topics} Ngag-wang-tra-shi (ngag dbang
bkra shis). Collected Topics by a Spiritual Son of Jam-yang-shay-pa (sgo
mang sras bsdus grwa).
GD: Georges Dreyfus. Ontology, Philosophy of Language, and Epistemology in
vi
Buddhist Tradition. Ph.D. dissertation. Religious Studies, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 1991.
Jang: Jang-kya (lcang skya rol pa'i rdo rje). Clear Exposition of the Presentations
of Tenets: Beautiful Ornament for the Meru of the Subduers Teaching (grub
mthai rnam bzhag / grub pai mthai rnam par bzhag pa gsal bar bshad pa
thub bstan lhun poi mdzes rgyan). Varanasi, India: Pleasure of Elegant Sayings Printing Press, 1970.
Kn-chog: Kn-chog-jig-may-wang-po (dkon mchog 'jigs med dbang po). Precious
Garland of Tenets (grub mtha' rin chen phreng ba).
KS:
Khetsun Sangpo, Biographical Dictionary of Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism.

(LTWA: Dharamsala, H.P.)
L:
tienne Lamotte. Sadhinirmocanastra: LExplication des mystres. Louvain: Universit de Louvain, 1935.
LAK: {standing for Lo-sel-ling Awareness and Knowledge} Jam-pal-sam-pel

('jam dpal bsam phel). Presentation of Awareness and Knowledge (blo rig gi
rnam bzhag).
Lati: Lati Jang-chub-tshul-trim oral commentary.
LCh: Lokesh Chandra. Tibetan-Sanskrit Dictionary. New Delhi, 1987.
LG: Lo-sang-gya-tsho (blo bzang rgya mtsho). Compendium of the Important
Points in the Presentation of Types of Awarenesses, [An Internal Division of]
the Greater Path of Reasoning.
LR:
{standing for lam rim} Jeffrey Hopkins. Glossary for gsung rab kun gyi
snying po lam gyi gtso bo rnam pa gsum kyi khrid yid gzhan phan snying po
by the Fourth Pa-chen Lama, Lo-sang-pal-dan-tan-pay-nyi-ma (blo bzang
dpal ldan bstan pai nyi ma).
LSR: {standing for Lo-sel-ling Signs and Reasonings} Tsl-trim-nam-gyal (tshul

khrims rnam rgyal). Presentation of Signs and Reasonings, Mirror Illuminating All Phenomena (rtags rigs kyi rnam bzhag chos kun gsal bai me long).
In: The First Magic Key Opening a Hundred Doors to the Path of Reasoning
(rigs lam sgo brgya byed pai phrul gyi lde mig dang po). Mundgod, India:
Drepung Loseling Library, 1979.
LWT: {standing for Lo-sang-kn-chogs Word-Commentary on Tenets} Lo-sangvii
kn-chog (blo bzang dkon mchog; 1742/1743-1803/1804). Word-Commentary on the Root Text of (Jam-yang-shay-pas) Tenets: Clear Crystal Mirror (grub mtha rtsa bai tshig ik shel dkar me long). In Three Commentaries
on the grub mtha rtsa ba gdong ngai sgra dbyas of jam dbyangs-badpai-rdo-rje ngag-dbang-brtson-grus. Delhi: Chophel Legden, 1978.
ME: {standing for Meditation on Emptiness} Jeffrey Hopkins. Meditation on
Emptiness. London: Wisdom Publications, 1983; rev. ed., Boston, Ma.: Wisdom Publications, 1996.
MGP: {standing for Mantric Grounds and Paths} Ngag-wang-pal-dan (ngag
dbang dpal ldan), also known as Pel-den-ch-jay (dpal ldan chos rje). Commentary on Presentation of the Four Great Secret Tantra Sets: Illuminator of
the Tantric Texts (sngags kyi sa lam/). rgyud smad par khang edition, no other
data.
MSA: {standing for Mahaynastrlakra} Gadjin Nagao. Index to the Mahaynastrlakra. Tokyo: Nippon Gakujutsu Shinkvo-kai, 1958.
MSI: {standing for Medium-length Special Insight} Tsong-kha-pa. MediumLength Exposition of Special Insight in Medium-Length Exposition of the
Stages of the Path to Enlightenment to be Practiced by Beings of the Three
Capacities (skyes bu gsum gyis nyams su blang bai byang chub lam gyi rim
pa).
MV: {standing for Madhynta-vibhga} Gadjin Nagao. Index to the Madhyntavibhga. Tokyo: 1961.
N:
{standing for Nakamura} Zuiryu NAKAMURA. Index

Ratnagotravibhga-mahaynottaratantra-stra. Tokyo: 1961.
to
the
P:
{standing for Peking edition} Tibetan Tripiaka. Tokyo-Kyoto: Tibetan Tripiaka Research Foundation, 1955-1962.
PGP: {standing for Prsagika Grounds and Paths} Lo-sang-ta-yang (blo bzang
rta dbyangs, also known as blo bzang rta mgrin). Brief Expression of the
Presentation of the Grounds and Paths of the Three Vehicles According to the
System of the Perfection Vehicle, Essence of the Ocean of Profound Meaning
(phar phyin theg pai lugs kyi theg pa gsum gyi sa dang lam gyi rnam bzhag
pa mdo tsam du brjod pa zab don rgya mtshoi snying po). The Collected
Works of Rje-Btsun Blo-Bzang-Rta-Mgrin, vol. 4, 65-190. New Delhi: Guru
viii
Deva, 1975.
PH:
Paul Hackett.
PP:
{standing for prasannapad} Chandrakrti. Clear Words: Commentary on

(Ngrjunas) Treatise on the Middle. Sanskrit: Louis de La Valle Poussin. Mlamadhyamakakriks de Ngrjuna avec la Prasannapad commentaire de Candrakrti. Bibliotheca Buddhica 4. Osnabrck, Germany: Biblio
Verlag, 1970. Also, J.W. de Jong. Text-critical Notes on the Prasannapad.
Indo-Iranian Journal 20, nos. 1/2 (1978): 25-59 and nos. 3/4 (1978): 217-252.
Also, Sanskrit, Tibetan, and French translation of the Madhyamakastrastuti
that concludes Clear Words: J.W. de Jong. La Madhyamakastrastuti de
Candrakrti. Oriens Extremus 9 (1962): 47-56.
S:
{standing for Sadhinirmocana} Sadhinirmocanastra. Tok Palace version, 160 pp. Leh, Ladakh: Shesrig Dpemzod, 1975-1980, vol. ja.
TAK: {standing for Tutors Awareness and Knowledge} Pur-bu-jog (phur bu lcog
byams pa rgya mtsho). Explanation of the Presentation of Objects and ObjectPossessors as well as Awareness and Knowledge [from within] "The Greater
Path of Reasoning" [section] of The Magical Key to the Path of Reasoning,
Presentation of the Collected Topics Revealing the Meaning of the Treatises
on Prime Cognition (tshad mai gzhung don byed pai bsdus grvai rnam
bzhag rigs lam phrul gyi sde mig las yul yul can dang blo rig gi rnam par
bshad pa).
TCT: {standing for Tutors Collected Topics} Pur-bu-jog (phur bu lcog byams pa
rgya mtsho). Magical Key to the Path of Reasoning, Presentation of the Collected Topics Revealing the Meaning of the Treatises on Valid Cognition
(tshad ma'i gzhung don 'byed pa'i bsdus grva'i rnam bzhag rigs lam 'phrul gyi
sde mig/ yongs 'dzin bsdus grwa). Buxa India: n.p., 1965.
TGP: {standing for Tantric Grounds and Paths} Ngag-wang-pal-dan (ngag
dbang dpal ldan), also known as Pal-den-ch-jay (dpal ldan chos rje). Presentation of the Grounds and Paths of the Four Great Secret Tantra Sets: Illumination of the Texts of Tantra (gsang chen rgyud sde bzhii sa lam gyi rnam
bzhag rgyud gzhung gsal byed/ sngags kyi sa lam). rgyud smad par khang
edition, no other data.
TK: {standing for Tsong-kha-pa} Tsong-kha-pa (tsong kha pa blo bzang grags
ix
pa). drang ba dang nges pa'i don rnam par phye ba'i bstan bcos legs bshad
snying po. Sarnath: Pleasure of Elegant Sayings Press, 1979.
TN: {standing for trisvabhvanirdea} Vasubandhu. Trisvabhvanirdea.
VM: {standing for Vajra Maala} Bu-tn Rin-chen-drub (bu ston rin chen
grub). The Practice of "The Rite of the Vajra-Element Maala: The Source
of All Vajras": A Precious Enhancer of Thought (rdo rje dbyings kyi dkyil
'khor gyi cho ga rdo rje thams cad 'byung ba zhes bya ba'i lag len rin chen
bsam 'phel), in Collected Works, Part 12 na. Lhasa: Zhol Printing House,
1990.
Y:
{standing for Yamaguchi} Susumu Yamaguchi. Index to the Prasannapad

Madhyamakavtti. Kyoto: Heirakuji-Shoten, 1974.
YT: Ye-shay-thub-tan (ye shes thub bstan) oral commentary.

TIBETAN-SANSKRIT-ENGLISH DICTIONARY
ka {PH}[verbal suffix meaning about to]

ka khor ba [beginning of alphabet-
Sanskrit kya]
k la tsa kra klacakra Klacakra
cycle]; beginningless cyclic existence; cycling

from the beginning; cycling from the first letter
of the alphabet, ka
[transliteration of the Sanskrit]; Wheel of Time
kan rtsa
ka cog zhang
kai nye bai nyon mongs pa
{PH}the three Ka-wa

[Pel-tsek (ka ba dpal brtsegs)]; Jok-ro [L-gyal-tsen
(cog ro klui rgyal mtshan)]; and Zhang [Na-nam
Ye-she-de (zhang sna nam ye shes sde)]
{L}upaklea secondary afflictive emotions
kara pa {PH}the people of Kara

kar sa pa na krapaa krapaa
ka dag {PH}primordially pure

ka nas dag pa; ka dag
coin
kas gdugs {C}chattra
[beginning-pure]; essential purity; pure from the

beginning; pure from ka, the first letter of the
alphabet
kun {C,MSA}sarva; {MSA}akhila; {MSA}
ktsna; {MSA}samagra; {TN}mtra all; complete;

entire; whole; total; entirety; thorough
sems can kun all sentient beings
mtshan nyid/ gdung degs don byed nus pa Def.: That
kun dkris paryavasthna thorough
which can perform the function of supporting a

cross-piece/rafter.
ka bum gnyis the twopillar and pot
entanglement
kun dkris; dkun
{PH}pillar and pot, the two

ka bum gnyis chos
can/ yin pa mi srid pai shes bya yin par thal/ It
follows that the subject, the two, a pillar and a pot,
is an object of knowledge the being of which does
not occur.
nas dkris pa na dkri dkra

dkris dkris {LCh}paryavasthna thorough
entanglement; entanglement
kun khyab mun pa
ka bum gnyis chos
ka ma la sh la kamalala
kun mkhyen kun gzigs
Kamalala
{PH}
all-knowing and all-seeing
{PH}
kun mkhyen nyid

mkhyen mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend sarva-
three [core Sanskrit grammarians;] Klpa

(arvavarman); Candragomin; and Anubhti
Tenses: future, present, past, imperative
mkhyen mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend {LCh,C}

sarvaj; {C}sarvajat; {C}sarvajatva;
sarvkrajna omniscient; all-knowing;
omniscient one; all-knowing one; omniscience;
omniscient consciousness {C}(state of) allknowledge kun mkhyen phags
pa od the omniscient Pak-b#a-
can/ yin pa mi srid pai shes bya yin par thal/ It

follows that the subject, the duo, a pillar and a pot,
is an object of knowledge the being of which does
not occur.
k ya kya body [transliteration of the
{PH}all-
pervading darkness
ka bum; ka ba dang bum pa

kun mkhyen
pillar and pot, pillar-and-pot
ka tsan dbyangs gsum
{PH}canopy
{C}parachute
ka ba pillar; column; pole; post

Definitions:
{PH}pulse [felt with / under the
middle finger]
jatva omniscience; all-knowingness {C}(state
kun groi dbye ba ni/ tshor ba/ du
Divisions:
of) all-knowledge
kun mkhyen bu ram shing pa
shes/ sems pa/ yid la byed/ reg pa/ Div.: feeling

(vedan), discrimination (samj), intention /
attention (cetan), mental engagement (manasikra),
contact (spara).
mkhyen mkhyen mkhyend
mkhyend ikvku The Omniscient Sugar-Cane

One
kun gyi don grub byed
kun gro bdag nyid {MSA}sarva-
/ grub grub grubs/grub
gtmika that which has an omnipresent nature
kun groi rgyu sarvatraga-hetu
grubs (MSA)sarvrtha-siddhi accomplishing/

achieving/establishing the welfare of all
kun gyi dbang phyug
omnipresent cause
kun groi tshul
{PH}
powerful lord of all [that exists]; powerful lord of
all [samsara and nirva]
{PH}applicable to
everything
kun dga snying po nandagarbha kun gro; kun tu gro ba
{L,MSA}sarvatra-ga omnipresent; all-pervading;

omnipresent factor; omnipresent mental factor
nandagarbha
kun dga ra ba rma pleasure
rgyal kun yab gcig
grove {PH}vihra; monastic complex
kun dga ra ba phun
only father of all the Buddhas
kun chub par bya ba {C}paryava-
sum tshogs pa {C}rma-sampad excellent

garden; marvelous garden; perfect garden
{PH}perfect garden {C}gardens
kun dga rwa ba
pnoti understand all; realize all {C}study;

masters
kun chub par byed {C}paryava-
{PH}personal altar

tha na kun dga rwa bai rgyab
pnoti understand all; realize all {C}study;

masters
kun brjod pai cho phrul
log dang; gad snyigs tshud chad kyi nang du zhib

tshol byas; [We] searched carefully even behind
his personal altar, and down to and including in the
rubbish. {GCG} p. 47/27
brjod rjod brjod rjod

{C,MSA}dean-prtihrya {C}miraculous
reading of thoughts
kun dgai sgra {MSA}nanda-abda
kun nyon dang rnam
sound of joy
byang tha dad med pa {PH}a non-difference

of thoroughly afflicted phenomena and purified
[phenomena]
kun gro lnga the 5 omnipresent
[mental factors]; the 5 omnipresent [mental]

factors

kun gro lnga dang yul nges lnga / dge ba bcu gcig
rtsa nyon drug nye nyon nyi shu gzhan gyur bzhi/
sems byung nga gcig di dag go Five omnipresent
factors, five determining factors, eleven virtuous
factors, six root afflictive emotions, twenty
secondary afflictive emotions, and four changeable
factors are the fifty-one mental factors.
{PH}the
kun nyon mongs rnam par
byang byang byangs

byang byongs {MV}saklea-vyavadna purify
thorough afflictions
kun nyon mongs;
kun nas nyon mongs pa {L}saklea thoroughly

afflicted; afflictive emotion; thorough affliction;
affliction
kun tu {MSA}sarvatra; samantatas; samanta
For example, a wandering female ascetic thought I

will go into that house, ... {A4C-C}
kun tu dngang bar gyur
in all ways; everywhere; always; at all times;
in every way; entirely; thoroughly; completely;

wholly; totally {C}in every way
ba dngang dngang
dngangs dngangs {C}satrsam padyante
become thoroughly terrified/fearful/panicked; is
terrified/fearful/panicked {C}is terrified
kun tu skyed par byed

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {MSA}(sa
kun tu bcom dkar
vdh): savardhayati thoroughly produce;

thoroughly generate; thoroughly engender
poi chos rnams gzhom

joms bcom choms {MSA}samudghtita-ukladharma all-conquering wholesome doctrines/
practices
kun tu skyo ba {MV}savega
thoroughly despondent; thoroughly sad;

thoroughly depressed; pathetic; thoroughly
disgusted
kun tu skrag
kun tu chad pa dge bai
rtsa ba chad chad chad

chad {MSA}samucchinna-kuala-mla roots of
virtue completely severed/annihilated
skrag skrag skrags skrags {MSA}(sa tras):

satrsayati thoroughly fear; be terrified; be
frightened
kun tu bskyed pa
kun tu jug engagement in all

kun tu joms pa
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {L}samutpda
gzhom joms bcom choms {C}samudghta
production; arising; generation; engendering
kun tu bskyod
thoroughly conquered; thoroughly destroyed;

thoroughly wrecked
bskyod skyod bskyod skyod {MSA}(sa kamp):

sakampayat thoroughly move; completely
cause to go
kun tu khebs par mdzad nas
kheb khebs kheb khebs
{C}sachdya having completely covered

{C}having covered
kun tu khrugs pa
kun tu rtog pa {MSA, MV, C}
parikalpita; {MSA}parikalpana conceptuality;

thorough conceptualization; imputed;
imputational; imaginary; thoroughly [mentally]
constructed; imagined
kun tu rtog pa tsam {MSA}

parikalpa-mtra imputation-only;
conceptualization-only
khrug khrug khrugs khrugs
{MSA}sakubdha thoroughly disturbed
kun tu rtog pa las byung
rgyu rgyu {C}sadhvati move; wander; go

{C}err about; run together
kun tu rtogs pa
byung byung byung

byung arisen from conceptuality; arisen from
conceptualization; arisen from imputation
kun tu rgyal sajaya {PH}Sajaya

kun tu rgyu ste rgyu rgyu
kun tu rgyu ba
rgyu rgyu
kun tu rgyu mo
{PH}wandering female

rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}sakalpa
thorough realization; thoroughly realize
kun tu rtogs par bya ba
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}
rgyu rgyu {C}parivrjaka wanderer; moving;

wandering {C}wanderer
ascetic
vedhyate is to be thoroughly realized; that
which is to be thoroughly realized
kun tu ston pa
Avalokitevara
kun tu spyod
bstan ston bstand stond {C}darana; {C}

avadarika; {C}khyna; {MSA}darana; {MSA,
MV}sadarana thoroughly teach; thoroughly
show; thoroughly demonstrate; thoroughly
reveal; thoroughly disclose {C}perceive; show
up [in a mirror]; advise; tale; communication
kun tu bstan pa
spyod spyad spyod {C}paricrayati (kmaguai)
thoroughly enjoy; thoroughly make use of;
thoroughly partake of {C}enjoys the (5) sensepleasures
kun tu spyod pa med pa

asamudcra {C}habitual absence
kun tu spyod pa; kun spyod
thoroughly teach; thoroughly show; thoroughly

demonstrate; thoroughly reveal; thoroughly
disclose {C}show up (in a mirror)
{C, MSA, MV}samudcra; {MSA}samcaraa;

{C}samudcarati enjoyment; usage; behavior;
life-style; partaking {C}ideas; habits; befall;
nurse; credit with; commit to
kun tu dren pa
/
drang dren drangs drongs/drend {MSA}
kun tu byin

dbyung byin phyung phyungs {C}samudcarati
issue forth {C}nurse; commit to; befall; use;
credits with
karaa thoroughly lead
kun tu dres pa
/ /
dres/dre dres/dre dres dres
kun tu byung ba; kun
kra thoroughly mixed/conflated/blended
byung byung byung

byung byung {L}samudaya; {MV}samudcra
origination; origin; arising; source
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus sagraha combined;

comprised; combination; summary; thorough
inclusion; thorough withdrawal; assembling;
attraction; comprising; collection; are summed
up in {C}means of conversion
kun tu sbyar
snang
snang snang snang {C}sadyate appears; is
beheld; appear bright; thoroughly illuminate
{C}be equal to(?)
kun tu sbyor ba

sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {LCh,MV}sayojana;
{C}sayunakti thoroughly join together; unite;
practice; apply; affix; entanglement; thorough
enwrapment {C}deprivation; loss
kun tu snang ba

snang snang snang snang {C}samanta-avabhso;
{C}samanta-loko thorough illumination {C}
All-round Illumination; Illumination All-round
kun tu sbyor bar byed
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {C}
kun tu snang bar byas nas
snang snang snang snang {C}

bhya-avabhsya having appeared everywhere;
having illuminated everywhere {C}illuminate
with their lustre
sayojayati thoroughly join together; unite;

enwrapment {C}unite
kun tu mi sbyor bar byed pa
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {C}
gzigs dbang po {C} avalokitevara {PH}
sbyar
sbyor sbyard sbyord {LCh,MV}sayojana; {C}

sayunakti thoroughly join together; unite;
enwrapment {C}deprivation; loss
kun tu snang
kun tu spyan ras
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}
bstan ston bstand stond {C}darayati
kun tu sdud pa
spyad
visayojayati {C}disunite
kun tu rmongs pai sa bon
Bodhisattva]; thoroughly good; the thoroughly

good [basic reality]
rmong rmong rmongs rmongs
kun tu bzang mo {PH}Samantabhadri

kun tu bzod
samohabja seeds of obscuration
kun tu
rmongs pa; kun rmongs; kun rmongs pa

{MSA,PP}samoha; samha thorough
obscuration; ignorance; delusion
kun tu btsal
bzod bzod bzod bzod {MSA}knti sarvatra

patience/forbearance/tolerance/endurance in all
[situations]; thoroughly patient, etc.
kun tu od samantaprabh Completely
Radiant
kun tu shes {C}sajta (=sakhyta);
btsal tshol btsald tshold {C}paryeama

thoroughly seek/ search/ examine/ analyze/
investigate {C}searching
kun tu tshim pa skye {C}sahara-
jta generate thorough satisfaction {C}thrilled
kun tu dzin pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA,C}graha;
kun tu shes par bya ba {MSA}
kun tu zhum

jum jums zhum zhums {C}avalyate become
thoroughly slack/weak/timid/cowardly {C}
become cowed; be cast down; hide despondently
(in)
jey that which is to be thoroughly known/

understood/comprehended
kun tu shes par byed {C}
sajnti thoroughly know/understand/

comprehend {C}perceive; can cognize; holds to
be true
kun tu song; kun
jum jums zhum zhums {C}lna become

thoroughly slack/weak/timid/cowardly {C}
cling(ing) to; hanging on to
song; kun tu song ba song

song song song {MSA}sarvaga [all-to-go]; allpervasive; omnipresent; go everywhere
kun tu zhum par gyur
jum jums zhum zhums {C}
kun tu gsog
salyate become thoroughly slack/weak/timid/

cowardly {C}become stolid; despond; is cowed
bsag gsog bsags/ gsogs thoroughly accumulate/

collect
rab tu zlum po {GST} parimaala
kun tu gsogs
{PH}completely round; perfectly round
kun tu bzang
kun tu shes pa {C}aj thoroughly

know/understand/comprehend {C}nonknowledge; to know; perceive
{MSA}dhraa thorough grasping; thorough

apprehension {C}acquisitiveness
kun tu zhum pa
jnti; sajnti thoroughly know/understand/

comprehend {C}reckoned as; be called; knows;
cognizes; identifies; perceive; can cognize; holds to
be true
bsag gsog bsags/ gsogs thoroughly

accumulate/collect
{PH}thoroughly good;
kun tu bsag
thoroughly beneficial
kun tu bzang po Samantabhadra
bsag gsog bsags/ gsogs thoroughly accumulate/

collect
{PH}Samantabhadra [p.n. of a Bodhisattva]
kun tu bzang po; kun bzang kun tu bsags

samantabhadra Samantabhadra [p.n. of a

bsag gsog bsags/ gsogs thoroughly
to occur with respect to imputational natures
since they are not truly established
accumulate/collect
kun tu bsags pa
kun btags pai chos
bsag gsog bsags gsogs {C}acita
/ gdags dogs btags/

brtags thogs {ME} parikalpita-dharma imputed
phenomenon; imaginary phenomenon
thoroughly accumulated/collected {C}piled up
kun tu bsrung bar byed pa
kun btags pai ma rig pa
bsrung srung bsrungs

srungs {MSA}raka thoroughly protect/guard/
keep/safeguard/maintain/preserve [e.g., vows
and pledges]
/ gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs parikalpitvidy artificial
ignorance; acquired ignorance; imputed
ignorance {N} artificial ignorance
kun gtong
gtang
gtong btang thongs {C}satyga give away all
{C}complete renunciation
kun gtong ba
kun btags pai mtshan nyid

/ gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs parikalpita-lakaa
imputational character; imaginary character
gtang gtong btang thongs {MSA}sarvsti-dna

giving away all
kun btags
kun btags pai rang bzhin

/ gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs parikalpitasvabhva
imputational nature; imaginary nature
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs
{MSA}parikalpita artificial; imputational factor;

imputational; imaginary; thoroughly imputed;
imputed; imagined; acquired; thoroughly
[mentally] constructed; artificial [intellectually
acquired]; imputational [nature]
bden dzin kun btags artificial/ acquired
conception of true existence
kun btags spang bya artificial

object of abandonment
kun btus
/ gdags
kun btags kyi mtshan nyid
kun rtogs pa
/ gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs parikalpitalakaa
imputational character; imaginary character

rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}vidhyate thoroughly
realize; realize all {C}is pierced(?)
kun
kun rtog; kun tu rtog pa
btags kyi rang bzhin; kun btags kyi ngo bo nyid

/ gdags
parikalpa ideation; comprehensive imagination;

comprehensive construction
kun brtags

{MSA, MV, LCh}parikalpita; {LCh}parikalpana;
{C}sakalpita; {MSA}kalpita; {MV}parikp;
parikalpyate imputational [nature]; imputation;
skye don med no sensible way for such a qualm
btu thu btus
thu {LCh}samuccaya group; collect; summary;

compendium; [Asagas] Summary [of Manifest
Knowledge] {PH}[Asagas] Compendium [of
Manifest Knowledge] (Abhidharmasamuccaya)
mngon pa kun btus
Abhidharmasamuccaya [Asagas Summary of
Manifest Knowledge] chos kun btus
Dharmasagti [Compendium of Doctrine Stra]
kun btags kyi ngo bo nyid
kun btags bden med yin pas de drai dogs pa
/ gdags dogs
artificial; acquired; imputational factor;

thoroughly [mentally] constructed; imagined;
imaginary; imputed; thoroughly imputed;
imputational {C}represent what is not really
there
Definitions:
btags/brtags thogs {MSA}parikalpita-svabhva

kun brtags pai chos
mtshan nyid/ kun brtags
thams cad /
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {MSA}sarvadharm parikalpitn all imputational
phenomena; all imaginary phenomena
gzhan dbang yongs grub gsum po gang rung gang zhig

rnam dag gi dmigs pa mthar thug pa min zhing don
kun brtags pai chos med
byed mi nus pa/ Def.: that which is (1) any of the

three: imputational nature, other-powered nature,
or thoroughly established nature and (2) not a final
object of observation of purification and not able to
perform a function
pa / gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs {MSA}parikalpitadharma-abhva non-existence of imputational
phenomena; non-existence of imputed
phenomena

dbye ba/ 1 mtshan nyid yongs
Divisions:
kun brtags pai bdag med
su chad pai kun brtags/ 2 rnam grangs pai kun

brtags/ Div.: (1) imputational natures of which
the character is thoroughly nil; (2) enumerated
imputational natures
/ gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs {MSA}parikalpita tma nsti

non-existence of the imputed self
kun brtags pai mtshan
kun brtags kyi
nyid / gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs {MSA}parikalpitalakaa imputational character; imaginary
character
mig ngos dzin skabs occasion of identifying the

imputational eye
kun brtags pa
/ gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs
kun brtags pai
parikalpita imputational [nature]; imputation;

artificial; acquired; imputational factor;
thoroughly [mentally] constructed; imagined;
imaginary; imputed; thoroughly imputed;
imputational
mtshan nyid kyi gnas /

{L} parikalpitalakaraya foundations of
imputational characters
kun brtags kun brtags pai gzugs
/ gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs parikalpita-rpa
imputational form
pa la sogs pai ngo bo nyid gsum

/ gdags dogs btags/brtags
thogs {MSA}parikalpita-di-svabhva(tri-) the
three naturesimputational and so forth [i.e.,
other-powered and thoroughly established]
kun da kunda kunda [transliteration of

Sanskrit word for jasmine]; jasmine {PH}
Jasmine
kun brtags pai gang
kun du in all ways; [with negative] in any
zag med pa /
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {MSA}parikalpitapudgala-abhva non-existence of the imputed
person
kun brtags pai ngo bo nyid

way
kun dus
/ du
du/dud dus dus [all-assemble]; compendium;

composite
kun dus pa {PH}compendium

kun dri {C}samprana question {C}
byang {PH}thorough affliction and purification

If you assert the mind [to exist] in reference to
thorough affliction and purification, ... {BMH}
questioning
kun bsdums pa
V.47ab
/
bsdum sdum bsdum/bsdums sdums
kun nas nyon mongs pa can; kun nas nyon mongs

can {C,MV}saklia; {MV}saklia(tva) that
which has thoroughly affliction; that which is
thoroughly afflicted {C}afflicted; polluted
putting all together; bring together; make agree;

conciliate
kun bsdus pa
kun nas nyon
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {MSA} sagraha

summary; compendium
mongs pa rjes su bsrung ba

bsrung srung bsrungs srungs {MSA}
sakleasynuraka protect/guard/keep/
maintain/preserve/safeguard against thorough
afflictions
kun nas {C,MSA}samantt; {C}sarvatas
[all-from]; completely; thoroughly; complete; in

every way {C}from every direction; everywhere;
at all times; in every direction
kun nas dkris pa; kun
kun nas nyon mongs
kun nas nyon mongs kyi
dkris dkri dkra dkris

dkris paryavasthna entanglement; thorough
entanglement
pa bstan pa bstan ston

bstand stond {MSA}saklea-nirdea indicating
thorough affliction
chos thoroughly afflicted phenomena
kun nas nyon mongs pa dang rnam par dag pa

ma yin pai don (MV)nisaklea-viuddhy-artha
object/meaning that is neither afflicted nor
purified
kun nas nyon mongs

kyi dmigs pa
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs saklea-lambana
object of observation of a thorough affliction
kun nas
kun
nyon mongs pa dang rnam par byang ba
byang byangs byang
nas nyon mongs can; kun nas nyon mongs pa can

{MSA}saklia that which has thoroughly
affliction; that which is thoroughly afflicted
byongs {MSA}saklea-vyavadna; {MV}

saklea-viuddhi; {MV}saklia-vyavadna;
{MV}sakleo vyavadnam; {MV}sakleikavaiyavadnika the afflicted and the pure;
afflictions and purifications
kun nas nyon mongs gnyen

po {MSA}saklea-prtipakika antidote to
thorough afflictions
kun nas nyon mongs pa dang rnam
kun nas nyon mongs
par byang ba tha dad par nga rgyal med pa

byang byangs byang byongs
{MSA}saklea-vyavadna-bhede nirma
without the pride/conceit [thinking] that the
afflicted and the purified are different
dang rnam byang {PH}thorough affliction and

purification
kun nas nyon

mongs dang rnam byang gnyis {PH}both the
thoroughly afflicted and the purified
kun nas nyon mongs rnam

kun nas
nyon mongs pa dang rnam par byang ba dag
{MSA}saklea-vyavadna-paka spheres of the
afflicted and the purified; the afflicted and the

purified
kun nas nyon
kun
mongs pa med pai yan lag {MSA}asaklega

unafflicted branch; branch of the unafflicted
nas nyon mongs pa dang rnam par byang ba mi lta

ba blta lta bltas ltos {MSA}
saklea-vyavadndarana not viewing the
afflicted and the purified
kun nas
nyon mongs pa med par sgrub pai rnam pa

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs
{MSA}nikleatopasahrkra aspect of
achieving non-affliction; aspect of achieving the
absence of afflictions
kun nas nyon mongs pa dang rnam par
byang ba yang dag par ston pa

bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}saklea-
kun nas nyon
mongs pa med par mos pa

mos mos mos mos {MSA}asakledhimoka
belief/interest/zeal in/being keen for the absence
of afflictions
vyavadna-sadeanat teaching the afflicted

and the purified; teaching on afflictions and
purifications
kun nas nyon mongs pa dang rnam par byang ba

yongs su tshol ba /
btsal tshol/tshel btsal tshold {MSA}sakleavyavadna-paryei thorough investigation/
examination/research of the afflicted and the
purified
kun nas nyon mongs pa med par yongs su longs

spyod pa spyad spyod spyad
spyod {MSA}asaklia-paribhoga unafflicted
thorough enjoyment; partaking without affliction
{PH}unafflicted thorough enjoyment
kun nas nyon mongs
kun nas nyon mongs pa dang rnam par byang

bai mtshan nyid
byang byangs byang byongs {MSA}sakleavyavadna-lakaa characters of the afflicted
and the purified
pa yang med {MSA}na saklea without

affliction
kun nas nyon
mongs pa las ldog pas ldog

ldog ldogs ldogs {MSA}saklen nirvttita
due to turning away from afflictions
kun nas nyon mongs

pa spang bar bya ba spang
spong spangs spongs {MSA}saklea-praha
afflicted objects to be abandoned
kun nas nyon mongs pa
bsal bsal sel bsald seld

{MV}klepaama (=apagama?) eradicate/
remove/clear away/eliminate/avoid/exclude
affliction

spangs pa spang spong
spangs spongs {MSA}saklea-varjita state of
having abandoned afflictions
kun nas nyon mongs pai
rgyu {MSA}saklea-hetu cause of thorough

affliction
ma yin pa {C}asaklea non-affliction {C}

without affliction; non-affliction

med pa {MSA}asaklia; {MSA}nisaklea;

{MSA,MV}asaklea; {MV}saklea-abhva
without affliction; non-afflicted
kun nas nyon mongs pai
chos {MSA}klio dharma thoroughly afflicted
mongs; kun nas nyon mongs pa {MV}sakliyate;
{MV}saklia thoroughly afflicted; thorough
affliction
phenomenon
kun nas nyon
kun nas ldang ba
mongs pai nad kyi gnyen po {MSA}klea-vydhipratipakatva antidote to the disease of the
afflictions
ldang ldang ldangs ldangs {C}paryutthna

rise up; get up; flow; suffice {PH}obsession
kun nas nyon mongs
{C}obsession
kun nas mnar
pai phyogs {MV}saklea-paka sphere of

the afflicted; afflicted quarter; class of thorough
afflictions
mnar mnar mnard mnard {L}ghta

thoroughly harm/torture/torment
kun nas nyon
kun nas mnar sems kyi
mongs pai phyogs gag pa

gag gag gags gags {MSA}sakleapaka-nirodha ceasing the sphere of the
afflicted; ceasing the afflicted quarter; ceasing
the class of thorough afflictions
sems mnar mnar mnard

mnard {L}ghta-citta attitude of harmful
intent
kun nas mnar sems byed

de mnar mnar mnard
mnard {C}ghtayati have harmful intent
{C}cherish malice for; feel anger
kun nas nyon mongs

pai mtshan nyid {MSA,MV}saklea-lakaa
character of the afflicted
kun nas snang ba

snang snang snang snang {C}sadryate
kun nas nyon mongs
par gyur pa gyur gyurd

gyur gyurd {MV}sakliyate will be afflicted
thoroughly illuminate/appear/shine {C}

appears; is beheld; appears bright; be equal to(?)
kun nas nyon kun nas byung ba ma mchis

pa byung byung byung
byung asamutthna no arising; non-arising
mongs pa; kun nas nyon mongs {L,MSA,MV}

saklea; {N}sakleika; {MSA}skleikdharm; {C}sakilea thoroughly afflicted
{C}afflicted; made miserable
kun nas mi ldang ba

ldang ldang ldangs ldangs {C}
kun nas nyon mongs
asamutthna rise up; get up; flow; suffice {C}

no arising; non-arising
med rnam dag {MSA}nisaklea-viuddhit

unafflicted purity
kun nas mdzes pa {C}samanta-
kun nas nyon mongs
prasdika beautiful in every way {C}fair in

every way
gzung rtog gzung dzin

bzung zungs conception of thoroughly afflicted
objects
kun nas zhi thoroughly pacify

kun nas langs pa
kun nas nyon mongs
nyid las byung ba byung

byung byung byung {C}samutthita {C}arisen
from
shin tu grol grol

grold grol grold {MSA}suvimokya saklest
complete freedom from afflictions; complete
release from the afflictions
kun nas nyon

kun nas slong

10
/
bslang slang /slong bslangs slongs {C}
kun spyod gtsang bai dpe
samutthpayati motivate; ask; beg; collect;

gather; raise; cause to rise; inspire; excite;
arouse; urge on {C}raises
byad {PH}minor mark of pure proper conduct
kun nas slong ba dang mi kun byang

ldan pa / bslang
slang /slong bslangs slongs {C}asamutthna-yoga
{C}not joined up with the world of appearance
kun nas slong ba po
kun byang gi grib phel
{PH}increase and decrease of the thoroughly

afflicted and the purified
kun byed las rlung
/ bslang slang /slong bslangs

slongs {C}samutthpaka one who asks/begs/
collects/gathers/raises/inspires/excites/arouses/
causes to rise/urges on {C}raiser
kun byung
kun byung gi
kun nas slong bai thabs
/ bslang slang /slong

bslangs slongs {MSA}samutthna-upya means
of raising up/motivating/urging on
bden pa; kun byung bden pa

byung byung byung byung {MV}samudayasatya true sources/origins; truth of sources/
origins [the second of the four noble truths]
kun byung chos bzod doctrinal

forbearance with respect to origins of sufferings
kun byung chos shes doctrinal
kun nas slong bar mi
bgyid pa / bslang
slang /slong bslangs slongs {C}asamutthpika
does not ask/beg/collect/gather/raise/inspire/
excite/arouse/cause to rise/urge on {C}which
raises nothing
knowledge with respect to origins of sufferings
kun byung rjes bzod
subsequent forbearance with respect to origins of

sufferings
kun nas slong ba; kun
slong / bslang
slang /slong bslangs slongs {C}samutthna
motivation; ask; beg; collect; gather; raise; cause
to rise; inspire; excite; arouse; urge on {C}
manifestation; arising
bslang slang /slong bslangs
kun byung rjes shes subsequent

knowledge with respect to origins of sufferings
kun byung mthong

spang nyon mongs bcu {PH}ten afflictions to
be abandoned by the path of seeing [related to the
Noble Truth of] Origins
kun byung bden pa
samudayasatya true origins; true origin
kun byung bden pai
slongs {C}samutthpita motivate; ask; beg;

collect; gather; raise; cause to rise; inspire;
excite; arouse; urge on {C}raised
khyad chos bzhi {PH}four distinguishing features

of the truth of the origination [of suffering]
spyad spyod
spyad spyod {C}samcra behavior; habit; lifestyle {C}habits
byung byung byung byung samudaya source;

origination
med pa gtogs pa /
asamutthna-parypanna {C}not included in the
world of appearance
kun spyod
{PH}all-
creating wind of karmic action
kun nas slong ba
kun nas bslang ba
{PH}the thoroughly afflicted
and the purified
11
kun byung
bden pa; kun byung gi bden pa
byung byung byung byung samudaya-satya
true sources/origins; truth of sources/origins
[the second of the four noble truths]
kun byung bai don
miserliness
kun rdzogs
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {MSA}sapra

thorough fulfillment/completion/finishing
rnam pa gsum byung

byung byung byung {MV}trividha samudayaartha three aspects of the meaning of soure/
origin/origination
kun rdzob
brdzab
rdzob brdzabs rdzobs {LCh,C,MV,MSA,L}savti;

{MSA}savta concealer; conventionality;
fraudulence; relative [truth]; conventional;
concealing [consciousness]; convention
bum pa la sogs pai kun rdzob
rnams conventionalities such as pots and so forth

kun byung bai bden pa; kun byung
bden pa; kun byung gi bden pa
byung byung byung byung {C,MV}
samudaya-satya true sources/origins; truth of
sources/origins [the second of the four noble
truths]

dbye ba/ 1 btags pai kun
Divisions:
kun byung ba; kun byung
rdzob/ 2 shes pai kun rdzob/ 3 brjod pai kun

rdzob; yang na: 1 yang dag kun rdzob/ 2 log
pai kun rdzob Divisions: (1) imputational
conventionalities; (2) mental conventionalities;
(3) expressional conventionalities. Also, (1) real/
correct conventionalities; (2) unreal/incorrect
conventionalities
byung byung byung byung
{C}samudcra; samudaya source; origin;
origination {C}befall; use; credit with; ideas;

habits; origin; origination; source
kun sbyong ba

sbyang sbyong sbyangs sbyongs {C}sauddhi
thorough purification/cleansing/washing/
practicing/training/cleaning {C}thorough
purification
kun rdzob kyi rtog pa
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord

{LCh}sayojana thorough enwrapment
kun rdzob kyi bden pa nyid
brdzab rdzob brdzabs rdzobs

conventional conception; conventional
conceptual consciousness; conceptual

consciousness of a conventionality
kun sbyor; kun tu sbyor ba

kun ma stud pa {C}asagraha
brdzab rdzob brdzabs

rdzobs {MV}savti-satyatva conventional
truth itself; concealer-truth itself
{C}
non-attachment
kun tshol ba
kun rdzob nyid
btsal tshol/tshel btsal tshold {C}
kun rdzob tu
kun dzin

gzung dzin bzung zungs {MV}saparigraha
thoroughly holding onto; miserliness
brdzab rdzob brdzabs rdzobs {C}savty;

savtita conventionally {C}in a conventional
sense
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MV}parigrahahetu cause of thoroughly holding onto; cause of
brdzab rdzob brdzabs rdzobs {MSA}savtisatyat just a conventionality
paryeaa thorough investigation/examination/

search {C}search for
kun dzin pai rgyu
12
kun rdzob tu brjod
brjod rjod brjod rjod expressed
as conventionalities; conventionally express/
conventional
verbalize
kun rdzob tu yod pa
kun rdzob
brdzab rdzob brdzabs rdzobs {ME}

savtisat conventionally exist/existence/
existent {GD:115} relatively existent
las bzlog pa don dam pai ngo bo nyid emptiness

that is the ultimate nature which is the opposite
of conventionalities
kun rdzob dang don dam pa
kun rdzob sems bskyed
kun rdzob bden
kun rdzob; tha snyad savti;
brdzab rdzob brdzabs

rdzobs {MSA}savti-paramrtha conventional
and ultimate
bskyed skyed bskyed

skyed *savticittotpda conventional mind
generation; conventional mind-generation
pa; kun rdzob kyi bden pa

brdzab rdzob brdzabs rdzobs {MSA}
savti-satya(ta); {LCh,ME}savtisatya
conventional truth; obscurational truth; truthfor-a-concealer; concealer-truth; relative truth;
truth-for-an-obscured-mind; obscured truth;
truth-for-an-obscured-awareness; truth for a
conventional [mind]
shes bya dang
rtag dngos gnyis dang dus ma byas kyi nam mkha
kun rdzob bden pa yin/ object of knowledge; [the
set of] the twopermanent phenomenon and thing;
and uncompounded space are conventional truths
Definitions:
mtshad nyid/ don dam par don byed mi nus pai chos/
Def. in the Stra School Following Reasoning: a
phenomenon that is not ultimately able to perform a
function
kun rdzob pai chos can
conventional subjects
vyavahra convention
kun gzhi {LCh,L,ME}laya basis-of-all

storehouse; hang on to; settling place
kun
gzhi rnam par shes pa; kun gzhi rnam shes

{LCh,ME,MSA,MV}laya-vijna mind-basisof-all storehouse-consciousness; foundationconsciousness
kun
gzhi rnam shes; kun gzhi rnam par shes pa

{LCh,ME,MSA,MV}laya-vijna mind-basisof-all storehouse-consciousness; foundationconsciousness
kun bzang Samantabhadra
kun bzang samanta-bhadra
{PH}
{PH}
thoroughly good; magnificent
kun bzang samanta-bhadra
kyi sems brdzab rdzob

brdzabs rdzobs savtibodhicitta conventional
mind of enlightenment; conventional mind
[directed] toward enlightenment
{PH}
Samantabhadra
kun bzang mchod sprin
{PH}
clouds of offerings [like those] of Samantabhadra
kun bzang rdo rje chang
brdzab rdzob brdzabs rdzobs savtimtra

mere conventionalities
chen {PH}great Samantabhadra Vajradhara
kun bzang rnam phrul
kun rdzob la ltos pai
magical display of Samantabhadra
zhi mtha extreme of peace relative to the
kun rdzob/ tha snyad savti/
Samantabhadra [p.n. of a Bodhisattva]
kun rdzob byang chub

kun rdzob tsam
vyavahra convention
13
{PH}
kun bzang; kun tu
kun song; kun
kun la {C}sarvatra to all; in all places; in
kun slong
kun las from all; in all ways

kun las btus pa
kun slong ba dang
tu song; kun tu song ba

song song song song {MSA}sarva-gata gone
everywhere; omnipresent; all-pervasive
bzang po samantabhadra thoroughly good;

Samantabhadra [name of Bodhisattva; in Nyingma, name of primordial being]
every way; at all times {C}always; everywhere;

at all times; in every way
bcas pai ngag gis /

bslang slang /slong bslangs slongs {MV}
samutthnay vc through speech together with
motivation
btu thu btus thu samuccaya group; collect;

summary; compendium; abbreviated title of
Asagas Summary of Manifest Knowledge
(abhidharmasamuccaya)
kun slong byang chub sems
kun las das passed beyond all;
{PH}motivation to [attain highest] enlightenment
kun gsal ra ba
completely transcended; passed beyond; is

beyond all
kul ka byed pai gnas
{PH}
disputed place
keng rus {MSA}sakalik skeleton

keng rus kyi
pa {MSA}parijtvin endowed with allknowingness
gzugs brnyan yid la byed pa {MSA}pratibimbasakalik ca manasikurvata taking to mind

the image of a skeleton
kun shes pa rig pai
dbang po {C}jtvndriya {C}the dominant

faculty of one who has fully understood
ko still again; still {PH}[emphatic particle]

ko gru leather boat
kong chu {PH}Kong-po river
kong sprul bol gros mtha
kun shes pai dbang po
{C}jendriya {C}the dominant (faculty) of

understanding
kun shes par byao zhes {C}
yas Kong-trl Lo-dr-ta-yay [author of the

Encyclopedia (theg pai sgo kun...)] complete
jsymi-iti {C}I shall fully understand
kun shes pa; kun shes {C}
kou sham bi {PH}Kauambi

kau shi ka {PH}Kauika [an epithet of
samaj (=vastu-sametam aham iti jnam);

{MSA}parij all-knowingness (C)
denomination; appellation
akra]
kyang {LCh}eva; api; {C}ki cpi; {C}punar;
{C}is
noticed
{C}yadypi; {C}tu but; even; also; however;

nevertheless; although {C}but if; although;
again; although; even if; of course
kun shes; kun shes pa {LCh}

jta; {LCh}j all-knowingness
{PH}shining
enclosure (i.e. the sky)
kun shes knower of all

kun shes nyid knowledge of all
kun shes pa dang ldan
kun shes shing {C}jyate
bslang slang /slong bslangs slongs {LCh}

samutthna motivation
14
kyang ci {L}kim uta
klad pa brain
klan ka {C,MSA}codya critical; censure;
how much more?; how
much less?
kyi [as genitive particle] of; by; in; which7 [as
fault; finding fault; objection {C}problem
klan ka jug rung suitable for the
non-case particle] and; but; (semi-colon)
kyi hud a za
gcig gis mthong nas kyi hud a za zhes ngu

{PH}Alas!
assessment of censure
la gnyis pa shos kyang kyi hud o po zhes nguo

One [brother] have seen [the other], [he] cried out
Alas!, and the other [brother] cried out Alas! as
well. {A4C-C}
klan ka yongs su
spang bar bya bai phyir
spang spong spangs spongs {MSA}codyasya
parihra-artha in order to thoroughly
overcome objections
kyis [as instrumental particle] by; by means
klan kai skabs mchis pa
kye [vocative; form of address] O!; hey!

kye rgyal bai sras dag
klan kai rtsod pa critical dispute

klu nga nga; dragon; snake {C}snake;
of; with; because; through7 [as non-case particle

corruptly used in place of the non-case usage of
genitive particles] but; and; (semi-colon)
serpent
di lta ste O Conqueror Children, it is thus:
klu sgrub ngrjuna Ngrjuna
kye ma alas! {S}Ah!

kye mao alas!
kyei rdo rje zhes
[expounder of the Mdhyamika school]
klu bdag {C}nga-pati {C}lord of ngas

klu bdud nga demon; nga spirit
klu dbang {C}bhujagendra {C}Lord of
bya ba rgyud kyi rgyal po Hevajratantrarja

Hevajranmatantrarja [title of a Highest Yoga
Tantra, P10, vol. 1]
the Serpents
kri ya; kri y kriy transliteration of
klu btsan nga emperior; violent nga
Sanskrit kriy [action; Action Tantra]
spirit; king spirit
kri y; kri ya kriy transliteration of
klu yi bdag po {C}bhujagdhipa
Sanskrit kriy [action; Action Tantra]
{C}Chief of Serpents
kla klo mlecca barbarian

kla klo skye bo {C}mleccha-jana
klu srin serpent spirit; serpent vermin

spirit
barbarian person {C}barbarous populations
klag pa bya ba {C}vcyate
{C}is
recited
klag par bya ba {C}likhati
klung {L,MSA}nad river

klung gi rgyun {MSA}nad-rotas
current of a river; continuum of a river; river
{C}write;
copy out
klad nad {BCA} irala
provides an opportunity for assessment of

censure; provides an opportunity for finding
fault
{PH}headache
15
klung la rnag pya-nad pus-river

klubs pa wear; adorn
klui rgyal
bkral grel bkrald greld {LCh}pajik

commentary on the difficult points; difficult
points commentary
po rgya mtshos zhus pai mdo sgarangarjaparipcchstra Questions of Sgara,

King of the Ngas, Stra [P820, vol. 33]
dka bcu pa
{PH}Master of the Ten

Difficult Texts (dka bcu pa)
klui rgyal po ma
dka gdams pa Ka-dam-pa

dros pas zhus pai mdo anavataptangarjaparip

cchstra Questions of Anavatapta, King of the
Ngas, Stra [P823, vol. 33]
dka spyod; dka ba spyod pa; dka spyad; dka ba

spyad pa {MSA}dukara; {MSA}dukara-cary
[difficult-deed] performing difficult deeds;
asceticism; austerities; difficult deed; difficult act
klui dbang poi sgra {MSA}

ngendra-rut roar of the nga lord
klui rtsa she rab

dka spyad; dka ba spyad; dka ba spyad pa;
{PH}Ngrjunas
Fundamental Treatise on the Middle Way; Called
Wisdom
klui rtsa she rab byed
dka ba spyod pa {LCh}tapasy [difficult-deed]

asceticism; austerities; difficult deed; difficult
act; performing difficult deeds
{PH}
Ngrjunas Fundamental Treatise on the Middle
Way; Called Wisdom Chapter #
klog
dka ba {C,MSA}dukara; {C}dhandaka;
bklag klog
{MSA}dukha difficult; hard; hardship {C}

hard to understand; hard to express; to do what is
hard; stupid
bklags klogs read out loud; read out {PH}

reading
klog tu gzhug par {C}vcayanti
dka ba bgyid pa

bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}dukara-kraka
cause to read out {C}preach; speak
klog thabs {PH}pronunciation manual

klog pa bklag klog
{C}doer of what is hard
bklags klogs {C}vcayanti; {MV}vcana; {MV}

vcyamna; {C}pahiyanti; {C}likhati read; read
out {C}preach; speak; will recite; write; copy
(out)
klong expanse; sphere

klong chen great expanse; great sphere
klong chen pa;
dukara-kraka {C}doer of what is hard
dka ba yin {C}dukaratara; dukara
gha difficult; hard {C}hard to understand;

hard to express; to do what is hard
dka ba byed pa yin pa {C}
dka {C}dukara; {MSA}kcchra; {MSA}
dka ba spyod pa {LCh}tapasy; {MSA}dukara;

{C}dukara-cary asceticism; austerities;
performing difficult deeds {C}austerities
dka ba spyod pa; dka spyod; dka spyad; dka ba

spyad pa {MSA}dukara-caraa; {MSA}dukaracary; {MSA}dukara-vyyma [difficult-deed]
asceticism; austerities; difficult deed; difficult
act; performing difficult deeds
klong chen pa dri med od zer Long-chen-pa

(1308-1363, a central Nying-ma [rnying ma]
scholar-yogi)
dka grel

dka ba spyad pa; dka spyad; dka spyod;
is difficult; is hard {C}extremely hard; difficult;

(to do what is) hard
16
dka ba yun ring pos mi
rnams kun tu bcom

gzhom joms bcom choms {MSA}samudghtitaukla-dharma completely destroy/overcome
wholesome phenomena/practices/attributes
skyo ba {MSA}drgha-klika-dukarkheda not

fatigued/discouraged by lengthy asceticism
dka zlog {PH}ascetic

dka zlog dad {PH}devotee of Durg
dka sa [difficult-place] difficult point
dkar skya whitish; light gray; grayish
dkar khung passage; window; chimney;
dkar poi phyogs {MSA,MV}uklapaka wholesome quarter/faction/part
dkar dmar mdangs gsal

{PH}clear white complexion with a tinge of red
dkar yol cup; chinaware

dkar gsal {PH}radiant white
dku {C}kukit waist; side [of the body,
a white/wholesome passage/window/opening
gro ba yi ni dkar khung
dbye slad du/ for the sake of opening the passage
[out] of transmigration {GZ 68b.5}
above the hip] {C}belly
dku gtsang
dkar chag table of contents; catalogue
Entering into the confidence
mtshan byang gzhung tshad dang
{PH}confidence
of the king and ministers, those who deprecate the

Holy Dharma will arise in great number.
bcas pa lo tstsha ba dpal brtsegs kyis dkar chag tu

btab bo/ the translator B#el-d#zek put the titles,
along with the length of the texts, in a catalogue
{GZ 70b.6/ 140.6}
dkon mchog {LCh,MSA,MV,C}ratna

jewel; supreme rarity {C}precious jewel;
dkar nag gi las wholesome and
precious substance; treasure
dkon mchog gi sprin {LCh}
unwholesome actions; white and black actions;

light and dark actions
ratnamegha {PH}Cloud of Jewels [Stra]
dkar po {C,MSA}ukla; {C}avadta; {C}sita dkon mchog jigs

white [one of the four primary colors (rtsa bai
kha dog)]; wholesome; pure pure; bright; very

white; {C}pure; {C,D1}bright
chos dung dkar poi kha dog the color of a white
religious conch dkar
po yin na kha dog yin pas khyab whatever is white
is necessarily a color
dkar po rnam par
{PH}
Sutra on the Recollection of the Three Jewels
dkon mchog sprin {LCh}
dkar poi chos {MSA}ukla-dharma;
ratnamegha {PH}Cloud of Jewels [Stra]
{MSA}ukla ... dharma wholesome/white

phenomenon/practice/attribute
dkon mchog rjes dran
dkon mchog bstan pai sgron me; gung thang dkon

mchog bstan pai sgron me; gung thang jam dpal
dbyangs Kn-chog-ten-pay-drn-may (17621823) [aka. Gung-tang Kn-chog-ten-pay-drnmay and Gung-tang Jam-pel-yang]
mthong bai sa ukla-vidaran-bhmi; {C}

ukla-vipayan-bhmi ground of seeing pure
[phenomena]; ground of seeing the wholesome
{C}stage of bright insight
dkar poi chos
med dbang po Kn-chog-jig-may-wang-po

(1728-1791)
dkon mchog sprin gyi mdo

{LCh}ratnameghastra Cloud of Jewels Stra
17
dkhyil khor gyi cho ga {LCh}maalavidhi;
maalopyik maala rite
[P897, vol. 35] {PH}Cloud of Jewels Stra
dkon mchog brtsegs pa {MV} dkhyil smad lower half

ratnaka pile of jewels; name of a Mahyna
dkyus {PH}section; separate section
stra and of a collection consisting of many
[I] will explain [this] later in

a separate section. {GCG}
stras of different styles and doctrines [including

some of the earliest Mahyna stras]
dkon mchog rin chen gsum dkyus btags

{PH}Three Precious Jewels
dkri
dkon pa {MSA}durlabha rare; precious;
dkris
triaraa [rarity-supreme-three]; Three Jewels

{PH}Three Jewels
scarce hard to get; hard to find; hard to reach
dkri dkra dkris dkris
{C}parta; {C}veayati roll up; wind; wrap up;
entangle {C}overcome; wrap
dkri dkra dkris
dkris {C}parta; {C}veayati roll up; wind;

wrap up; entangle {C}overcome; wrap
dkon po durlabha rare; rarity; precious;

scarce hard to get; hard to find; hard to reach
dkar; dkar po {C,MSA}ukla; {C}sita

white; wholesome {C}pure; bright
dkon; dkon po durlabha rare;
dkris sam bcings te {C}
baddhv wound up or bound {C}bound
dkrug
dkrug dkrug
dkrugs/ dkrugs/ disturb; agitate; stir up; trouble
dkrug par bya {C}vikopayitavya
rarity; precious; scarce hard to get; hard to find;

hard to reach
{C}
should deflect from
dkrugs
dkhyil center; essence; middle

dkhyil khor {LCh,L,C,MSA}maala;
dkrug
dkrug dkrugs/ dkrugs/ disturb; agitate; stir up;
trouble
{C,MSA}paran-maala mandala; maala;

circle; sphere; disk {C}(circle of the) assembly
dkrugs nas
dkhyil khor gyi khyams na
dkrug dkrug dkrugs/ dkrugs/ {C}samkulikta

having disturbed/agitated/troubled/stirred up
{C}troubled
{C}maala-ma {C}circular hall with peaked

roof
dkrugs pa
dkhyil khor gyi
dkrug dkrug dkrugs/ dkrugs/ {C}amara

disrupt; disturb; agitate; stir up; trouble {C}
tumult
cho ga; dkhyil chog {LCh}maalavidhi;

maalopyik maala rite
dkhyil khor rgyal mchog

supreme king of maalas
dkrol ba
{PH}the complete maala

meditation on the complete maala
bkag
dkrol
dkrol dkrold dkrold ring/sound [e.g., a bell]; play
musical instrument
dkhyil khor yongs rdzogs
dgag gog bkag

khogs stop; negate; refute; negation; negative;
limit
{TGP}
{PH}kha-ta (scarf) of
ordinary quality
dkon mchog gsum triratna;
dkhyil chog;
18
bkag pa
dgag gog
bkag khogs {C}nisiddha; {C}niedha negation;
stop; negate; refute; negative; limit {PH}
negation; that which is forbidden {C}has (learned
to) refrain; has refrained; inadmissible; refrain;
repudiation
bkag shul
dgag
bka rtags kyi phyag rgya
[Buddhas] word and [Indian] treatises
bka drin {LCh}parigraha; {LCh}prasda

kindness (hon.); beneficence; beneficent force/
dgang gengs bkang gengs {MSA}paripra fill;

fulfill; satiate
bkan bkan
might
bka gdams
gdam doms gdams doms [word-advice];

the Ka-dam school [name of lineage traced to
Atia]; name of mansion; advice; instruction;
counsel; preceptual instruction; advisory speech;
exhortation
bkand bkand turn/face upwards
bkan bkan bkand bkand place facing

upwards
bkand
{PH}signifier of the Word
[of the Buddha]
bstan ston bstand stond
dgang
gengs bkang gengs {C}prapra fill; fulfill;
satiate {C}be filled
bkan te bzhag
bka rtags
bka dang bstan bcos
bkang
bkan
{PH}decree; command;
sealed order
bzhi {PH}four seals that are the signifiers of the

Word [of the Buddha]
gog bkag khogs in place of the negation; left

over after the negation
bkang ba
bka rtags
bkan bkan
bkand bkand turn/face upwards
bka gdams gdams ngag

pa gdam doms
gdams doms Preceptual Ka-dam
bka {LCh}vc; {LCh}j; {MSA,PP}
bka gdams pa
bka bsko ba
bka gdams gzhung pa ba
gdam doms gdams doms Ka-dam-pa [a
vacana; Buddhavacana word; saying; teaching;

order; word [of Buddha]
Tibetan order, or person of that order]
bsko
gdam doms gdams

doms Textual Ka-dam
sko bskos skos order; command
bka gyur Translated Word of Buddha

bka bsdu bzhi pa The Great
bka rgya dam po {PH}tight seal of
Calculation of the Doctrine, Which Has the
secrecy
Significance of a Fourth Council (bka bsdu bzhi

pai don bstan rtsis chen po) by Dol-po-pa Shayrap-gyel-tsen (dol po pa shes rab rgyal mtshan)
bka rgyud transmission of the word

bka brgyud Ka-gyu Order [a sect of
bka bab
bab
babs bab babs transmission; doctrine that has
befallen one through transmission
Tibetan Buddhism]
bka bsgo ba
{PH}order; command
bka bsgo ba
bka mchid {C}kath
bka blon rogs
{C}sermon;
Cabinet Minister
conversation; story; talk
19
{PH}Assistant
bka stsal
bkur extoll; services

bkur rnyed {MSA}satkra-lbha
stsal
stsol stsald stsold {C}bhaati [word-bestow];
say (hon.); spoken; prounounce; explain; teach;
speak; grant; order; pronouncement {C}
preach; report; teach
bka stsal bdun
wealth and respect
stsal stsol stsald stsold seven pronouncements

[the mental and physical aggregates, sensespheres, dependent-arising, foods, noble truths,
constituents, and harmonies with enlightenment]
bka stsal ba
bkur stir byed {C}satkaroti
bkur bsti {C}gaurava respect; service

{C}respect; dignity; a title to be respected
bkur ba {C}stobha {C}eulogy

bkod dgod god
{PH}Rap-
jam-pa [degree]
bka lung {A4C} krya
{PH}power
People
call someone who [always] seeks power a fool.
bkod god pratihpayati; {C}ropita set; state;

establish; arrange; register; make a record;
place [on throne]; put [a signature]; array; affix
{C}get from
{A4C} VII.21cd
bkod pa
dgar dgar bkar
dgod
god bkod god {C}pratihpayati (=ghtn

sthirkarat); {C}vyha (=samha) set; state;
{C}mass; array; display; harmony; establishes;
introduces to; transfers to; builds; places; deposits
in; bestows
dgard separate; segregate; isolate; tie down to;

specify

distinguish as [Buddhas] word
dgar dgar
bkod mai chu {C}prasravanodaka
bkar dgard select; put aside; separate; tie down

to; specify
spring {C}fountain
bkas bcad pa decreed

bkug dgug gugs
bkod mai chu lta bui

sems bskyed mind-generation like spring
bkod tshod gyi rtags stated sign

bkor bdag rgyal po custodian of
bkug khugs summon; draw in
bkug nas

dgug gugs bkug khugs {C}nayitv having
summoned; having drawn in {C}having
summoned
{C}treat
with respect; honor; revere
ma [Jang-chup-dz-trls (byang chub rdzu

phrul)] Validity of the True Word [P5839]
bkar ba
bkur stir bgyis par gyur

{C}to honor
bka yang dag pai tshad
bkar btags
{MSA}sat-kriy; samna respect; respectful;

service
bkur stir bya ba {C}paryupsan
stsal stsol stsald stsold [word-bestow]; say

(hon.); prounounce; explain; teach; speak;
grant; order; pronouncement
bkar
bkur sti {LCh,MV,MSA}satkra; seva;
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}

satkaroti {C}treat with respect; revere; honor
bka rab byams pa
{PH}
property
20
bkur; bkur sti respect; respectful;
bkru
service; honor {C}eulogy
bkra ba {LCh}citra; {LCh,MSA}vicitra
bkru ba
bkru/ khrud/
bkrus/ khrus/ wash; cleanse; bathe
shining; beautiful; variegated {PH}shining;

beautiful; variegated
bkra bai skad byin
bkren {MSA}kpaa; {MSA}kpa
{PH}
producing a beautiful sound (n. of a bird)
bkra mi shis pa
bkres hunger
bkres pa {C}bubhukita; {C}jighatsita;
{PH}bad luck
chos sems can ga zhig gis dpe khrug pa nyar

na bkra mi shis pa yong zer; Some religiouslyminded [persons] said that if you keep mixed up
books, bad luck will come. {GCG} p.17
bubhk hunger; hungry {C}famished;

starving; hungry
bkres pa dang skom pa
bkra shis {C}svastika good fortune;
bzlog pa {C}kut-pips-nirvartaka overcome

hunger and thirst
good luck; auspiciousness {C}svastika
bkrol pa
bkra shis kun nas khyil ba
dgrol/
grol/ bkrol/ khrold/ {C}parimokaa release;
liberate; set free; loosen {C}set free
Tra-shi-khyil
bkra shis khyil Tra-shi-khyil
bkros phor {PH}engraving

bklag bklag kolg
[name of Monastic University in Am-do (a mdo)

Province]
bkra shis rtags brgyad eight
bklags/ klogs/ read out loud; read out
bklags
good luck symbols; eight auspicious symbols
bkra shis yin pa {MSA}magalatva
bklag kolg
bklags/ klogs/ read out loud; read out
bklags pas

bklag kolg bklags/ klogs/ {C}pahita {C}recited
being auspicious
bkra shis lhun po Tra-shi-hln-po
[name of a monastery in gtsang province, Tibet,

seat of the Pa-chen La-mas]
bkral
grel bkrald greld commentary; comment;

elucidate mdoi don bkral ba
ni commenting on the meaning of the stra
grub chen tshad ldan gyis
bkral ba elucidated by a fully qualified great adept
bkral ba la ltos med du
bkri bar mi btub {C}aneyat
{C}
bkral grel bkrald greld

without depending/relying on commentaries
one cannot be led astray
{PH}
poor
bkral ba
bkru/ khrud/ bkrus/
khrus/ wash; cleanse; bathe
21
rkang mgyogs swift-footedness [a

tantric feat]
rkang rten
{PH}portable stool [used to aid

in dismounting from a horse or vehicle]
rkang pa {MV,MSA,C}pda foot; a line of

poetry; leg
rkang pa skud pa dang bral

ba {C}apagata-pda-mrakaa {C}frugal
rkang pa skong tshe yi thob
bo / thob/thob thob
thob thobs Yi obtains when filling out a line of
poetry
rkang pa gnyis kyi mthil {C}
through the force of conditions
pda-tala soles of the two feet {C}sole of the

foot
rkyen rgyal {C}pratyaya-jino
{C}Single
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd
rkang pai mtha la at the end of a
developmental lineage
line of poetry
rkang pai mthil {C}pda-tala sole
Buddha
rkyen nyid di pa tsam
of the foot {C}sole of the foot
rkang pai og na gnas pa
{PH}mere
state of conditionality
rkyen bstan pa
{C}pda-tala-sannirita abiding under the foot

bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}pratyaya-
rkan {LCh} tlu {PH}palate

rkan {LCh} kkuda {PH}hump of the
sadarana indicating the condition
rkyen dang phrad {MSA}pratyaygama
shoulders (kkuda)
rkan {LCh} jihva {PH}tongue (jihva)

rkun po {MSA}dasyu robber; thief
rkun ma robber; thief
rkub {LCh}pyu anus; rear end; the behind
rkub kyag chair
rkyang wild ass [a horse-like animal]
rkyang pa alone; only; mere {PH}whole;
meet with conditions; encounter conditions
rkyen dang phrad par dod pa
{MSA}pratyaybhigambhila wishing to meet

with/encounter conditions
rkyen du ma yin pa {C}apratyaya

{C}non-condition(ed)
rkyen de dang de la brten nas dngos po de dang

de dag byung ngo byung
byung byung byung {MSA}ta ta pratyaya
prattya te te bhv bhavanti in dependence on
this and that condition this thing and that thing
arise
complete; totality
If a sound does not come as a whole, why
is it apprehended as a whole? {A4C} 13.19
rkyang ma lalan left channel

rkyen {C,MSA,LCh,MV}pratyaya condition;
rkyen di pa tsam nyid {ME}ida
pratyayat; idapratyayat having just these

conditions; conditionality {PH}having just these
conditions
cause; minor cause; factor; reason {C}

conditioned; reason
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ grogs byed/ Def.: assister
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 dmigs rkyen/ 2 bdag rkyen/ 3 de
ma thag rkyen/ 4 rgyu rkyen/ Div.: (1) observedobject condition; (2) proprietary condition/dominant
condition; (3) immediately preceding condition; (4)
causal condition
rkyen gyi dbang gis jug pa

{L}pratyaydhnavttitva operating/working
rkyen gyur gyi rigs
22
rkyen rnams grub pa

grubs {MSA}pratyaya-siddhi accomplishing/

achieving/establishing conditions
rkyen rnams tshogs nas {C}
smagri-pratyatu the conditions having gathered

{C}full complement of conditions
rkyen bu
{PH}reason
rnga mo des di ni rkyen bu zhig go
snyam du shes te; That camel thought, This is a
reason [to leave]. {A4C-C}
impermanence}; (2) very hidden phenomenon [e.g.,

the particular effects of karmas]
rkyen dbang gis jug pa
lkog tu ma gyur pai chos
rkyen ma tshang ba med pa
lkog na mo
aparokadharma non-hidden phenomenon; nonobscure phenomenon
{L}pratyaydhnavttitva operating/working
through the force of conditions
{GD:565} hidden [though in

a different sense than lkog gyur, referring to the
manner in which aspects are produced, as opposed
to hidden from ordinary perception]
{MV}pratyayvaikalya non-incompleteness of
conditions
rkyen mi zad pa {MSA}bha...(tat-)

pratyaya non-exhaustion of conditions
rkyen la brten nas {MSA}pratyaya

prattya having depended upon conditions; in
dependence upon conditions
rkyen la rag las pa {MSA}
tat-kau period; instant; moment {C}that

very instant
byung byung byung byung {MV}

pratyaya-pravtti arisen from conditions
rkyong
skad cig skad cig {L}kae kae
brkyang
moment by moment {C}in every moment;

moment by moment
rkyong brkyangs rkyongs {C}prasrita; {MSA}

nighya (also: bag brkyang = nighya) extend
skad cig gcig {C}eka-kaa
rkyongs
brkyang
momentary; single moment; single instant; single

period {C}one single moment
skad cig gcig gi rtogs pa
lkug pa {C}jada dumb; stupid; imbecile;
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs

{C}eka-kaa-avabodha {C}single-instantaneous
understanding
idiot {C}idiot; stupid; stunned; senseless
lkog obscure; hidden

lkog gyur lkog tu gyur
skad cig gcig gis {BCA} kaena

{PH}instantaneously

skad cig gcig
pa paroka hidden phenomenon; hidden;

subliminal
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ 1 bsdus grwa las/ rang dzin rtog pas
mngon rdzogs byang chub; skad cig ma gcig gis

mngon par rdzogs par byang chub pa {C}ekakaa-abhisabodha {C}the single instantaneous
full understanding
lkog tu gyur pai tshul gyis rtogs par bya ba/ Def.:
(from Collected Topics): Object to be realized in

a hidden manner by the conceptual consciousness
apprehending it{TCT}
skad cig gcig dang ldan pa
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 cung zad lkog gyur/ 2 shin tu lkog
gyur/ Div.: (1) slightly hidden phenomenon [e.g.,
{C}ruta sound(s); language; voice {C}vocal

sounds
skad cig {C,MSA}kaa; {C}kaika; {C}
pratyaydhnatva reliance on conditions
rkyen las byung ba
lkog ma throat; adams apple??

ska ba astringent {PH}astringent
skad {L}kaa; {MSA}bh; {MSA}vacana;
{C}eka-kaa-samyukta {C}associated with one

single moment
23
skad cig ma ma yin pa las skad cig
skad cig cha med temporally
ma byung bar ni os pa ma yin

byung byung byung byung {MSA}na
tv akaikt kaika bhavitum arhati it is not
suitable for the momentary to arise from the
non-momentary
partless moment
skad cig tha ma last moment; final
moment; last period; final period; last instant;

final instant
skad cig dang po {PH}first moment

skad cig bar {PH}momentarily
skad cig ma yin pa {MSA}

kaikatva momentary; instantaneous
skad cig ma re re la {MSA}

ji ltar mtshan mo mun nag sprin rum na; glog
pratikaam in each moment; in each instant
gyu skad cig bar snang ston pa ltar Just as a flash

of lightning on a dark, cloudy night, momentarily
brightly illuminates [everything], ... BCA I.5ab
skad cig mai rgyu yin pa
{MSA}kaika-hetutva being a momentary cause
skad cig ma {MSA}kaika
skad cig mai bras

bu yin pa {MSA}kaika-phalatva being a
momentary effect
momentary; moment; momentary phenomenon;

instantaneous
skad cig ma gcig {MSA}eka-kaa skad cig mai sbyor ba

kaikaprayoga momentary training
one instant; one moment
skad cig ma
gcig gis mngon par rtogs pa clear realization in a

single moment
skad cig ma gcig po
{PH}first
moment
skad cig ma gcig po de nyid

{PH}the very first moment
skad cig ma nyid {MSA}kaikatva
a moment; only an instant; a mere moment; a

mere instant {C}a mere moment
skad cig tsam yang {MSA}
kaam api; {MSA}kaa-mtram api even only a

moment/instant/period
skad cig re re la {MSA}pratikaam
skad cig re re la byung ba
momentary; just instantaneous
skad cig ma tha ma la {MSA}
{MV}pratikaotpda arising in each moment/
carame kae in the final moment; in the final

instant; in the final period
instant/period
skad cig ma dang
po dang khyad par med pa {MSA}di-kaanirviiatva not different from the first moment/
instant/period
skad cig ma ma yin pa {MSA}
skad cig la jig pai don
{MSA}kaa-bhagrtha meaning disintegration

in a moment
skad dod equivalent term; translation
equivalent; equivalent in the [original] language;

[Sanskrit] original
akaika non-momentary; non-instantaneous
skad cig tsam {C}kaa-mtra only
in each instant/moment/period
momentariness; instantaneousness; jsut
24
skad smras pa utter
skad rigs chen po bzhi
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
pramavarttika)]
{PH}
the four major languages (Sanskrit; Prakrit;

Apabhraa; Pisachi)
skad shes {C}ruta-jat
rang gi thun mong ma yin pai bdag rkyen yid dbang las
{C}knowledge
byung bai skabs dir bstan gyi rtog bral ma khrul bai
skad sor bzhag tu bzhag the
other-knower indicated on this occasion that arises

from its own uncommon empowering condition, a
mental sense power
gzhan rig/ Def.: a non-conceptual non-mistaken
of speech
language was left as is
skad gsar bcad new language/

dbye ba/ gzugs dzin yid
Divisions:
vocabulary; new translation system
skabs {LCh,L,MSA}adhikra; {LCh}
mngon nas reg bya dzin pai yid mngon gyi bar
lnga/ Div.: the five ranging from mental direct
perceptions apprehending forms through to mental
direct perceptions apprehending tangible objects
[the other three are mental direct perceptions
apprehending sounds, scents, and tastes]
avasara; {C,MSA}avaka; {C}ma occasion;

time; context; chapter; with reference to {C}
opportunity; occasion for; room; smooth
skabs khyad
skabs phyin {C}ma appropriately
par can yod pai bstan pa teaching in relation

to which there is occasion for something more
special
skabs mchis pa
sized {C}smooth
skabs ma mchis does not afford an
skabs
opportunity [for refutation]
mchis {L} sa-avaka affords an occasion [for

refutation]; affords an opportunity
skabs mi byed {MSA}
skabs dang poi spyi don
avakasykti not opening up an opportunity
skabs shes pa {C}avasara-jat
general meaning of the first chapter
skabs dir on this occasion; in this
knowing the occassion {C}cognition of their

circumstances; knowledge of their circumstances
context; at this point
skabs su bab pa;
skabs dir dngos su bstan pai mtshan
skabs su babs pa bab

babs bab babs {MSA}iti prakta (pra k)
appropriate; relevant; germane
skabs su bab pa gang yin dei nga
rgyal gyis through the pride of being whichever of
those is relevant {Dor 47a.5/ 277.5}
nyid ngo bo nyid med pai don meaning of the

character-non-nature explicitly indicated on this
occasion
skabs dir bstan

bstan ston bstand stond indicated on this
skabs su babs pa;
occasion; indicated in this context; indicated at

this point
skabs dir bstan gyi
yid mngon bstan ston

bstand stond mental direct perception that is
indicated on this occasion [i.e., in Dharmakritis
Commentary on (Digngas) Compilation
of Prime Cognition (tshad ma rnam grel,
25
skabs su bab pa bab

babs bab babs {MSA}iti prakta (pra k)
appropriate; relevant; germane
skabs su babs pa rnal byor
rgyud kyi gsungs tshul the mode of setting forth
yoga tantras, which is germane [to the topic of this
text] {GZ 4a.5/ 7.6}
skal pa bzang po
skabs gsum {PH}three times

skabs gsum {PH}three realms
skam bskam/ skam/
skal pa rab tu gyur pa
skal ba lot; share; portion; share/portion of

good or bad fortune
skal ba ji bzhin {C}yath-bhavyam
{C}
torch; meteor; shower of meteors
skar mda ltung ba {C}ulk-pta
{C}which corresponds to the merit
skal ba mnyam pa {C}sabhgat
{C}shower of meteors
skar ma {C}traka; {C}nakatra (=puya-
having equal lot {C}companionship
skal ba med pa {C}abhavya without
daya) star {PH}star {C}constellation
skar ma lta bui bskal pa {C}
the lot; without the fortune {C}impossible;

unable; unfit; uncapable
trakopama-kalpa {C}star-like aeon (period of

Tathgata Suvara-pupa)
skal tshigs {PH}backbone

skal rdzongs {PH}dowry
skal bzang fortunate (good lot)
skar mai tshogs {C}traka-gaa
collection of stars; group of stars; host of stars

{PH}collection of stars; host of stars {C}
host of stars
lha brgya stong gi skar mai tshogs kyis shin tu
brgyan pa, He is adorned by the hosts of stars of a
hundred thousand gods. {LVS} = 1-02-00087-H96-
sku {C,LCh,MSA}kya; {C}mrti; tanus; tm-
bhva; raya; gtra; gtrat; gtratva; vigraha;

{MSA}arra body (hon.); image; statue {PH}
lifetime {C}figurehead; personality; personal
existence; extent; all they have and all they are;
receptacle; physical (or bodily) basis; based on;
foundation; by resorting to (as a basis); limbs;
frame; shape
bla ma di
sku tshad dpag tu med pai snga rol nas, rje btsun
jam pai dbyangs kyis rjes su bzung ba yin, Over
countless prior lifetimes, this teacher was mentored
by the venerable Majur. {W23693} Mkhas-grub-
{PH}suitable;
worthy
skal mnyam gyi rgyu sabhga-hetu

cause of equal lot; cause of similar lot
skal mnyam pa {LCh}sabhga; {LCh}

sabhgat those of equal lot/share/fortune
skal don
bskal don
rnam-thar-bsdus-pa, 2a.2
supersensory object
sku skye
skal ldan [fortune-possessor]; one who
{PH}incarnation
khyed rjei gos kyi sku skye yin pas ...
has fortune; the fortunate; a Bodhisattva; one

who has the lot
Since you are an incarnation of Lord G [Khuk-palhe-tse], ... {W23693} Mkhas-grub-rnam-thar-bsdus-
skal pa {MSA}bhavya lot; share; fortune

skal pa can {MSA}bhgya having the
pa; 4a.3
lot; having the share; having the fortune
{PH}
good fortune; auspicious age
SID000133
skal lot; share; fortune
{PH}
most fortunate
bskams/ skams/ {C}upauyati; {L}u to dry

up; wither; parch
skar mda {C}ulka; {C}ulk-pta
{PH}auspicious
age
26
sku khams health (hon.); constitution

sku khrus [body-wash]; bathing; washing;
sku zla [body-equal]; spouse (hon.)

sku yi kho lag {L}maala-paryanta
ablution (hon.)
sku chas things; possessions (hon.)

sku che drang large straight body
sku che zhing drang ba {C}bhad-
{C}boundary
sku yongs su rdzogs pa
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs
ju-gtrat {C}his bodily frame is broad and

straight
{MSA}paripra-ky fully developed/perfected

body
sku mched sibling; brother; relation
sku la dbang byor ba nyid
(hon.)
{MSA}kya-vibhutva attainment of mastery with

respect to the body
sku nyid {C}gtrat {C}body; limbs

sku dang gsung dang
sku gsum {MSA}trikya the three exalted

bodies [of a Buddha
thugs sprul pa {MSA}kya-vk-citta-nirma

emantions of exalted body, speech, and mind
sku dam par {C}sat-kya
sku gsum la bstod pa
kyatrayastotra Praise of the Three Exalted

Bodies [by Ngrjuna; P2015, vol. 46]
{C}(true)
individuality; (true) individual body
sku gdung {C}arra relics
sku bsam gyis mi khyab {MSA}
{C}relics;
kycintya inconceivable exalted body
body; dead body
skui khyad par {MSA}kya-viea
sku bdun dag seven body areas

sku mdun exalted presence; the presence
attribute of exalted body; feature of exalted
body; physical attribute
[H.H. Dalai Lama]
sku mdog [body-color]; color of the body;

color (hon.)
sku dra religious image

sku dpung [body-shoulder]; shoulder
(hon.)
sku blugs {PH}metal image

sku blugs ma {PH}metal image
sku med pa {MSA}akya bodiless
sku tshe {PH}life; life-span
sku tshe tshad ni lo khri tshig stong ngo;
The extent of his life-span was ten thousand years.
W19357 - Kangyur errata; fol. 2a.3
sku tshe ring ba {C}drgha-yukat
exalted physical activity
skur deprecate; depreciate; deny

skur btabs deprecate; depreciate; deny
skur debs
gdab debs btab thobs {MV}apavda;
abhykhyna deprecation; depreciation;
denial; underestimation {GD:305} nihilism
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang gi dmigs yul gyi don
de las chad par lta bai blo/ Def.: an awareness that
views that object which is its object of observation
as less than that [i.e., as less than it is]
skur pa {C}apavda deprecation;
depreciation; denial {C}negation; rejection;

underestimation
[body-life-long]; long life (hon.) {C}long life
skui phrin las {MSA}kya-karman
27
skur pa btab byas {C}apodya
{C}
skong bskangs skongs fill; fulfill; complete
go away from; withdraw from; negate
skur pa debs
skom
gdab debs btab thobs {C}apavda
pipsita thirst {C}thirsty
deprecation; depreciation; denial {C}negation;

rejection; underestimation
skur pa debs pa

gdab debs btab thobs {MSA,MV}apavda
deprecation; depreciation; denial
skur ba {C}apavda deprecation;
bskord/ skord/ to turn round; revolve; encircle;

circle
{C}
skor ba bya bar os par
calumniate; misrepresent
bskul/ skul/
gyur te {C}pradakiya {C}worthy of being

honored by circumambulation
bskuld/ skuld/ rouse; arouse; entreat; urge on;

incite; urge; exhort
skul cing {C}codayati
skya ga magpie
skya nar gyi bu {Das} Ptalputra
{C}exhort; warn
against; make the charge
skul bar byed cing {C}codye
{PH}Ptalputra {SBC}
skya ba paddle
skya bas legs bsrabs churned
{C}
I am exhorted
skul byed ma {GST-V} *cundavajr
well by a paddle
{PH}Cundavajr
skya bo greyish; whitish grey
ske lba ba {PH}neck goiter

skem shing {C}tapeti {C}dry up
skems par byed cing {C}tapeti
{PH}piece;
morsel
Having smeared butter on a cats nose, [she] was
given a small morsel of food. {A4C-C}
skya ser gnyis
{C}dry up
skong
bskang skong
bskangs skongs fill; fulfill; complete
skongs
bskang
bskor/ skor/
skor dgu {PH}nine cycles

skor bcu gcig {PH}eleven cycles
skor ba bskor/ skor/
gdab debs btab thobs apavda;

abhykhyna deprecation; depreciation; denial
skul
skom po a hybrid cow that is thin and gives

bskord/ skord/ preposition: around; about;
surrounding; concerning; ; verb: to turn round;
revolve; encircle; circle.; noun: topic; cycle
gdab debs btab thobs {C}apavda

deprecation; depreciation; denial {C}negation;
rejection; underestimation
skur bar gyur {C}abhycikati
tapta tormented by thirst; pained by thirst

{C}tormented by thirst; pained by thirst
skor
skur ba debs pa
skom pa pips thirst

skom pas gdungs pa {C}pipsa lot of milk
depreciation; denial {C}negation; rejection;

underestimation
skur ba debs
skom pa {C}pips; {C}
{PH}ordained and lay
people
skyabs {MSA}araa refuge; protection;
something like a dandelion which grows in the
28
skhyil mo krung cross-legged; cross-
woods and has three flowers to a stalk
skyabs gro {PH}going for refuge

skyabs groi sdom pa {PH}
legged posture
skhyil mo krung gcig gis {C}
eka-paryakena (=ekena-paryakena) {C}during

one single session of cross-legged meditation
refuge vows
skyabs bla na med pa yin pa
skyu na gsal it is clear in the run of the
{MSA}araatvnuttarya unurpassed refuge
skyabs med {MSA}aaraa without
text
skyu ru ra malak olive; sour medicinal
refuge; protectorless
skyabs su gro ba {L}araa-
fruit
skyug cing {C}gacchati
gamana go for refuge {PH}going for refuge
{C}come
(along); approach; comes to; spurts out of
skyabs su gro bai skabs
skyug log pa [vomit-turn-out]; nausea

skyung ka a black bird with a red beak
skyur ba mla sour
skye skye/ skye/ skyes/ skyes/
{MSA}araa-gamandhikra occassion of going

for refuge
skyabs su gro bai khyad
par {MSA}araa-pratipatti-vieaa features

of going for refuge
skyabs su gro bai cho ga

{PH}ritual for taking refuge
skyabs su gro bar nges pa
{MSA}araa-gamana-vyavasya definite/certain
to go for refuge
skyabs su rab tu slu ba {MSA}

araa-vipravdana deceived with respect to
refuge
skyabs seng pu
skye dgag gnas
gsum mi rung bai chos a phenomenon of which

the threeproduction, abiding, and cessation
are not possible
of the five Pandavas]
skyabs gsum {LCh}triaraa the
skye dgag gnas
three refuges [Buddha, his Doctinre, and the

Spiritual Community]
gsum rung bai chos a phenomenon of which the

threeproduction, abiding, and cessationare
suitable
skye dgu {MSA}praj [creatures-nine]; all
{C}
safety; secure from attack
beings {PH}nine-fold birth [realms]; [all those of

the] nine-fold birth [realms]; (many or all) beings
skyid pa {C}saukhya comfort; happiness
skye dgui don for the benefit of [all]
{PH}happy; joyful {C}happiness
skhyil krung; skhyil mo krung
beings
cross-legged; cross-legged posture
skye dgag gnas gsum the

three: production, abiding, and cessation
{PH}Pu [father
skyar mo heron
skyid {C}kema comfort; happiness
{MV}jan; {C}upapadyati; {C}viruhati; {C}upapatti;

{C}janayati; {C}jti; {MV}utpatti; {MV}( jan)
jyate; {MV}jta be born; be produced; grow;
generate; production; birth {C}arise; produce;
grows; (place of) rebirth; genesis; generate; give
birth to; birth; species; kind; different varieties
29
skye dgui bdag po
{PH}Prajapati
skye phreng
[n. of the fourth constellation]
{PH}garland of lives;
sequence of lives; successive incarnations
skye
skye ba
skye/ skye/ skyes/

skyes/ {C,MV}jti; {MV,MSA}janma; {MV}utpatti;
{C,MSA}utpda; {C}tmopapatti; {C}utpdika; {C}
upapatti; {C}upapadyate; {C}updu (=utpda); {C}
janman; {C}jyate; {C}pratyjayate; {MSA}caya;
{MSA}utpadyamana; {MSA}udaya; {MV}janmatva
birth; production; produce; grow; be born;
arising {C}rebirth; place of rebirth; genesis;
arising; in his rebirths; which produces; is reborn;
gain rebirth; appears; produced things; manner of
birth; species; kind; different varieties; to be reborn
dgui bdag po dang bcas pai lha rnams {C}

saprajpatik dev the gods together with
Prajpati {C}the gods around Prajpati
skye gyur {C}upadyati {C}arise; set up

skye rga na chi birth, aging, sickness,
death
skye mched {MSA,C,MV}yatana sensespheres; sphere; sense-sphere; sensory sphere;

source [of consciousness] {PH}sense-sphere;
source {C}sense-field; occasion for
gzugs kyi skye mched form sense-sphere
skye ba dkar po {MSA}ukla-janman

wholesome birth
Divisions: dbye
ba/ 1 phyii skye mched 2 nang gi skye mched
Div: external sense-spheres (i.e., the six sensespheres of forms, sounds, odors, tastes, tangible
objects, and [other] phenomena) and internal sensespheres (i.e., the six sense-spheres of the eye, ear,
nose, tongue, body, and mental sense powers)
skye ba khyad par can thob
nas / thob/thob thob

thob thobs {MSA}upapatti-viea prpya
having obtained/attained a special birth
skye ba dgu
{PH}nine-fold birth [realms];

[all those of the] nine-fold birth [realms]; (many or
all) beings
skye mched bcu gnyis twelve
skye ba ngo bo nyid production-
sense-spheres
skye mched drug {MV}ayatana six
nature; [self-]production-nature; nature of [self-]

production
sense-spheres; six sources the six sense-fields
skye ba ngo bo nyid ma
skye mched la mkhas {MV}
mchis pa utpattinisvabhvat productionnon-nature; [self-]production-non-nature;

naturelessness of [self-]production
yatana-kaualya skill in the sense-spheres
skye mchog {C}puruottama supreme
skye ba ngo bo nyid med pa
person; supreme creature {C}supreme man
skye thebs {PH}section of generation

skye thebs gnyis {PH}two sections
utpattinisvabhvat without a nature in terms

of production; without a nature of production;
production-non-nature; [self-]production-nonnature; naturelessness of [self-]production;
production naturelessness
of generation
skye dang chi {MSA}janana-maraa
skye ba ngo bo nyid med
birth and death
skye gnas yoni birth-place; birth-
pa nyid utpattinisvabhvat productionnon-nature; [self-]production-non-nature;

naturelessness of [self-]production; production
naturelessness
situation
skye po bdag dzin can
{PH}
Proponent of Permanent Existence
30
skye ba gcig gis thogs pa
{MV}notpatti not born; not reborn; not

produced
skye ba med dang skye ba {C}
{C}eka-jti-pratibaddha impeded by one birth

[i.e., removed from enlightenment by only one
more birth] {C}bound to one more birth only
anupdupdu {C}non-production and production
skye ba med pa {C}asamutpda;
anutpda no production; non-production;

birthless {N}no production; {C}what is not coproduced
skye ba gcig gis thogs pai byang chub sems dpa

Bodhisattva who is one lifetime away from
[achieving Buddhahood]
skye ba dang gag pa
skye ba med pa la sogs pa
gag gag gags gags {MSA}
{MSA}anutpaddi no production and so forth;

non-production and so forth; birthless and so
forth
utpda-nirodha production and cessation; birth

and cessation
skye ba med pa shes pa {MV}
skye ba dang mthun pa {MV}
jnjti knowledge of no more birth
utpatty-anukla concordant with birth;

concordant with production
skye ba med pai chos la
skye ba don med pa {MSA}
bzod pa bzod bzod bzod

bzod forbearance/patience/tolerance/endurance
with respect to the doctrine of non-production
cayprthya purposeless production; pointless

production
skye ba dman la brten {MSA}
skye ba rnam pa bcu bzhi po
hnopapatti rit dependent on low birth
{MSA}catur-daa-vidha utpda fourteen types

of birth
skye ba po {C}jantu (=vcika-di)
skye ba tsam mere production

skye ba gzhan du in another birth; in
{C}
vermin; creature
another lifetime
skye ba sprul sku incarnation
skye ba zad pa {MSA}janma-kaya
emanation body
extinction of birth
skye ba phongs shing {C}jti-
skye ba bzang po {MSA}ubha-janman;
vyativtta, (=sva-prakti-paritygj = janmaantara-gata) {C}(after they have) passed through

this present birth (life); after one has died
{MSA}obhana ... janman good birth; auspicious

birth
skye ba ma
skye ba yang med
skye ba ma yin pa {C}anupapatti
skye ba yongs su len pa {MSA}
gag pa yang med

gag gag gags gags {MSA}notpdo na nirodha
no production and also no cessation; neither
production nor cessation; both no production
and no cessation
mchis pa rnam par shes par bgyid pa

bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}anutpdavijpanat; {C}anupapadyammana {C}it is
informed about non-production; without ever being
reborn
upapatti-parigraha thoroughly taking birth
{C}no rebirth
skye ba med
skye/ skye/
{MSA}upapatti-niyatipta definite to be born/
skyes/ skyes/ {MSA}na jyate; {MV}ajanma(tva);
skye ba la nges par gyur ba
31
reborn
crowd of people; beasts; audience
skye ba la don med pa {MSA}
skye bo ngan pa {MSA}durjana bad/
cayprthya pointless production; purposeless

production
evil being; bad/evil person
skye bo ngan pa dang
skye bai kun nas nyon
grogs pa {MV}kujana-vsa acquainting with

bad beings; companying with bad beings
mongs pa {MV}janma-saklea thorough

afflictions of birth
skye bai skad cig ma
dang po phyin chad {MSA}janma-kad rdhva

(prathama-) from the first moment of birth
onward
skye bai rgyu {MSA}utpda-hetu cause
skye bai sgo {MV,C}ya-dvra door of
production; door of biruth (C)(acting as a) door

of coming into being; door of arrival
beings {C}people; crowd of people; beings;

beasts
skye bo phal po che {L}mahjanakya
skye bai chos can {C}utpda-
a large crowd of people
skye bo blun pa {MV}mrkha-jana
dharmin {C}subject to production
skye bai sprul sku construction
stupid being
skye bo mang po {C}bahujana many
emanation body
skye bai phreng ba
beings {C}many people; the many
{PH}garland of
lives; sequence of lives; successive incarnations
skye bo mang po dga ba {MSA}
skye bai lus
bahu-jana-supriya liking many beings
skye bo rmongs pa
bor te sprul pai lus dzin pa

gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}janma-

rmong rmong rmongs rmongs {MSA}
vimha ... jana confused being {PH}confused

being
kya tyaktv nirma-kya ghti having

given up the body of birth, taking an emanation
body
skye bar {C}updu (=utpda)
skye bo mdza ba la byams pa

{MSA}priya-jana-preman loving friendly beings
{C}produced
skye boi tshogs {C}jana-kya; {C}
things; production
skye bar gyur {C}upapadyayti; {C}
janapada-bala-kya group of beings; collection

of beings {C}crowd of people; body of people;
folk
updayti; {MSA}(upa pad) upapatsyante; {MSA}

upapadyate {C}is reborn; produces
skye bo {C,MSA,MV}jana; {C,MSA}janat;
{C}janakya being; creature; people {C}men;
skye bo sdang ba dang

skye bo phal cher {C}jana most
gzhom joms bcom choms
{GD:532} destroying the possibility
nyon mongs pa can la rjes su brtse ba {MSA}

kliajannukamp mercy/compassion for beings
with afflictions; mercy/compassion for afflicted
beings
grogs pa {MV}dua-jana-vsa acqainting
with hateful beings; accompanying with hateful
beings
of production; cause of birth
skye bai sgo bcom pa
skye bo
skye bai ngo bo nyid med pa

without a nature of production
32
skye ma {PH}that which is produced

skye mi rung gi chos can
{C}is produced; appear; arises; genetrix; creator;

begettor
skyed par byed
{PH}
having the quality of not being suitable to be

produced again
skye med {C}ajtika unborn; unproduced;
skyed par mdzad pa

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}
birthless {C}unborn
skye med gnas la {C}anupdapade
janayitr (=dv utpdand) producer; means of

production/generation {C}genetrix; begettor;
creator
in the state of non-production {C}to the track
of non-production
skye med blo ldan {C}anupdadh
skyed byed
bskyed
skyed bskyed skyed janaka; {C}updayti;
{C}janetr; {C}janan (=janetr) producer;
generator; engenderer; that which produces
{C}produces; creator; begettor; genetrix
{C}his thought on non-production
skye rmongs {PH}confused being

skye tshul mode of production; mode of
generation
skyed byed cing
skye zhing {C}jyi; {C}jyate is born/
skye zhing jig pa {MV}utpda-
skyed byed pa
bhaga; {MV}utpda-vyaya; {MSA}pyika

is produced and disintegrates; is born and is
destroyed
skyed mos tshal {C}udyna grove;

park {C}park; (pleasure) grove
produced and diminish
skyed mos tshal gyi sa {MSA}
{PH}birth; death; and
udyna-bhmi place of a grove; location of a

park
the intermediate state
skye srid birth-state

skyed tshal
skyed bskyed skyed bskyed skyed tshul
skyen pa {C}ghra(m)
bskyed
{C}soon; hurry up
with; quickly; speedily
skyen bu
{PH}reason
rnga mo des di ni rkyen bu zhig go
skyed bskyed skyed {C}upabandhati {C}extend

to
bskyed skyed
bskyed skyed {MV}ropaa; {MSA}dhna; {MSA}

upapatti; {L}prasavati; {C}utpadyate; {C}janayitr
(=dv utpdand) produce; generate; engender
{PH}grove; garden
bskyed
skyed bskyed skyed mode of production/
generation/engendering
skyed {C}upapdayti; {C}updayti; {C}vahati;

{C}vardhayati produce; generate; engender
{C}produces; harbors; transports; increase;
strengthen
skyed pa
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}rohayati {C}

cause to grow
skye zhing bri {MSA}udaya-vyaya be
skyed cing
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}upadyati; {C}

vkati {C}arise; set up; behold
produced/generated {C}is born
skye shi bar do
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {MSA}avaropaa;

{MSA}( jan): janayanti produce; generate;
engender
33
snyam du shes te; That camel thought, This is a

reason [to leave]. {A4C-C}
skyem tsam re
{PH}just briefly
skyeo upapadyate
jig par mi gyur skye/ skye/

skyes/ skyes/ {MSA}utpanna-mtra vinayet (na) due to merely having been produced it is not
destroyed
{C}is reborn; gain rebirth;
appears
skyel {C}anugamana; {C}anuyna verb:

escort {C}follow; following
skyel ba
skyes pai rabs {C}jtaka life
bskyel/
skyel/ bskyeld/ skyold/ to conduct; accompany
skyel ba
bskyal/ skyel/
bskyal/ skyol/ take away; carry; send; risk; use;

employ
skyes
present; gift
[They] offered the gifts that were sent by the king.
sequence of lives; successive incarnations
skyes bu {MSA,MV,C}purua; {C}jana; {C}
Red Annals
skyes mchog ka lo sgyur ba
pumn; {C}pus being; creature; person

{PH}The Person {C}person; personality; (some)
one; men
{C}pugava {C}hero
skyes na {C}jyamna when generated; if
skyes bu gang zag {L}puruapudgala
generated {C}has been generated
person
skye/
skyes bu chung ngu adhamapurua
skye/ skyes/ skyes/ {C}utpadya (=upapadyaparinirvyin) having been born; having been
produced {C}as soon as he has been reborn
being of small capacity
skyes bu chung ngu khyad
skyes pa
skye/ skye/ skyes/

skyes/ {MSA.MV}jta; {C}janman; {C}nirjta
(=niryta); {C}jana; {C}pumn; {C}purua;
{MSA,MV}utpanna; {MV}utpatti; {MSA}upapatti;
{MSA}upapanna; {C}dyanutpannatva created
phenomenon; created; man; human being
[synonymous with skyes bu]; produce; grow; be
born; persons; that which is created {C}to be
unproduced from the very beginning; (manner of)
birth; come forth; issued; source; creation; person;
being
par can special being of small capacity
skyes bu chung ngu
khyad par can gyi lam a path of a special being

of small capacity
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang kho nai
don du tshe phyi mai khor bai mngon mtho tsam gtso
bor don du gnyer bai cha nas bzhag pai bsam pa/
Def.: an attitude that is posited from the standpoint

of seeking mainly mere high status within a future
cyclic existence for ones own sake alone
skyes bu chung ngu
{PH}
men themselves
dang thun mong pai lam path in common with

those of lesser capacity
skyes pa bud med {C}puruestri
skyes bu chung ba khyad
man or woman; man and woman; men and
women
skyes pa tsam gyis

life stories; discourses on [Buddhas previous]
skyes phran {PH}boy

skyes phreng {PH}garland of lives;
be born; be produced; be engendered {PH}
skyes pa nyid {BCA} puruatva
skyes pai rabs kyi sde {C}jtaka

births {C}birth-story
skye/ skye/ skyes/ skyes/
skyes nas
stories; discourses on [Buddhas previous] births

{C}birth-story
par can {PH}special being of small capacity
34
skyes bu chung
sentient beings attaining Buddhahood
skyes bu gti mug can {C}
bring thun mong gi lam a path that is common

to beings of small and middling capacity
Definitions:
mohapurua beclouded/ignorant/confused/
befuddled person {C}deluded person
mtshan nyid/ skyes bu gsum kai
skyes bu dam pa {C,MSA}satpurua;
{MSA}satpauruya excellent being; holy being;

true being {C}worthy person; real man; true man
nyams su blang bya yang yin/ bring gi lam rang rgyud
la skye ba la rang nyid la thog mar blo sbyong dgos pai
skyes bu dam pa la
bsam pa/ Def.: an attitude (1) which is an object

of practice of the three [types of] beings and (2) in
which it is necessary initially to train the mind in
order to produce a path of [a being of] middling
capacity in ones continuum
brten pa {MSA}satpurua-sasev; {MSA}

satpuruyraya relying/acquainting with on
a holy/excellent/true being
skyes bu dam pai las
skyes bu che bring
byed pa {MSA}satpurua-karma-karaat
performing the actions of a holy/excellent/true
being
thun mong gi lam a path that is common

to beings of great and middling capacity
Definitions:
skyes bu byed pai bras bu
mtshan nyid/ skyes bu che bring
{MSA,MV}purua-kra-phala personally made

effect
gnyis kai nyams su blang bya yang yin/ chen poi lam
rang rgyud la skye ba la rang nyid la thog mar blo sbyong

dgos pai bsam pa/ Def.: an attitude (1) which is
an object of practice of both beings of great and

middling capacities and (2) in which it is necessary
initially to train the mind in order to produce a path
of a being of great capacity in ones continuum
skyes bu chen po {C}mahpurua

being of great capacity {C}great man; great
person; superman
skyes bu bring madhyamapurua
being of middling capacity; being of medium

capacity
skyes bu bring gi lam path of
Definitions:

mtshan
nyid/ khor bai phun tshogs la blo log pai sgo nas
{MV}mahpurua-lakaa characteristic of a
being of great capacity
rang kho nai don du thar pa gtso bor don du gnyer bai
skyes bu chen poi lam a path of
mtshan nyid/ snying rje chen poi gzhan dbang

Definitions:
du gyur pai sgo nas sems can gzhan gyis sangs rgyas
thob phyir du rnam mkhyen don du gnyer bai cha nas
cha nas bzhag pai bsam pa/ Def.: an attitude that

is posited from the standpoint of mainly seeking
liberation for the sake of oneself alone, from the
viewpoint of having turned the mind away from the
marvels of cyclic existence
skyes bu rmongs pa
{PH}confused
being
skyes bu tshad ma pramabhta
bzhag pai bsam pa/ Def.: an attitude that is posited
from the standpoint of having come under the

influence of great compassion seeking [to attain] an
exalted knower-of-all-aspects for the sake of other
stupid being/person {C}deluded person
a being of middling capacity
skyes bu chen poi mtshan

a being of great capacity
skyes bu blun po {C}mohapurua
valid person/being
35
skyes bu gsum beings of the three
skyes ma thag tu

skye/ skye/ skyes/ skyes/ {C}jtamtra; {MSA}
sahodaya immediately/right/just after being
born/produced {C}when just born
capacities [i.e., small, middling, and great]
skyes bu gsum ka
{PH}beings of
the three capacities
skyes bui
skyes zin pa yang skye
rgyud kyis bsdus pai rdul du grub pa

/ grub grub grubs/grub grubs
that which is atomically established and is
included within the continuum of a being
ba ni ma yin skye/ skye/ skyes/

skyes/ {MSA}utpanna punar utpadyate (na-)
what has already been produced is not produced
again
skyes bui skyes rabs

rgyud kyis ma bsdus pai rdul du grub pa
grubs that which is atomically established and is
not included within the continuum of a being
skyes bui mthu {C}puruakra
skyes
pai rabs/ jtaka life stories; discourses on
[Buddhas previous] births {C}birth-stories
skyo {MSA}savigna grief; sorrow; weariness;

pathetic; poor
skyo ngogs {PH}quarrel

skyo bcas sems can
{C}
(manly) doing; work
skyes
bui dod pa tsam gyis bzhag pai brel ba
{GD:785} a relation established by the mere
intention of the speaker
smin par byed {MSA}sodveg sattva-pcan

ripening poor sentient beings
skyo ba {C,MSA,MV}udvega; {C}nirvinna;
skyes bui shes rgyud mental
{C}nirveda; {C}udvigna (-cittena); {C}khidyati;

{C,MSA}kheda; {C}nirvartate; {MSA}nirvid;
{MV,MSA}parikheda; {C}bhajyati; {C}savega
discouragement; sorrow; grief; weariness
{PH}disgust; disregard for {C}agitation;
depressed; meek; disregard for worldly things;
sorrow; repentance; indifference; disgust; anxious;
feel exhausted; fatigue; turns back; recedes; is
made to desist; is worn down; tribulation
Hence, because
impermanence coincides with disgust, ... {A4C-C}
continuum of a being
skyes bui
shes rgyud kyis bsdus pai gzugs

bsdu sdud bsdus sdus form included within
the mental continuum of a being
skyes
bui shes rgyud kyis ma bsdus pai gzugs

bsdu sdud bsdus sdus form not
included within the mental continuum of a being
skyes bui shes rgyud bsdus skyo ba can {MSA}khedavat discouraged;

pa bsdu sdud bsdus sdus
contained/included within the mental continuum
of a being
weary
skyo ba dang ldan pa {MSA}nirvitsahagata discouraged; weary
skyes bui shes rgyud ma skyo ba spangs pa

bsdus pa bsdu sdud bsdus
sdus not contained within the mental continuum
of a being
skyes bus byed pai bras bu

personally made effect
36

spang spong spangs spongs {MSA}kheda-
vivarjita abandoned disregard for
skyo ba med pa akheda{MSA};
akheditva{MSA}; khedbhva{MSA} non-
discouragement
skyo ba med pa yid la byed
pa akheda-manaskra{MSA} taking to mind an

absence of fatigue/discouragement/weariness
skyo bar gyur ba {C}khedam
skyo bar du shes pas {C}nirvit-
dang yon tan du so so yang dag par rig pa {MSA}

doa-gua-pratisavedana thorough knowledge
individually of faults and good qualities/
disadvantages and advantages
skyo bar byed become discouraged;

develop aversion; be averse{S 52.3}
skyon du mi byao {C}anapard(d)ha
skyo bar byed pa {C}savegam
not take as a fault/defect/disadvantage {C}free

from guilt
padyate develop disregard for; develop

weariness toward {C}it is a source of anxiety
skyon phen pa casting faults; critique;
skyo bar byed par gyur na
critic
savegam padyate{C} when/if one has become

weary {C}it is a source of anxiety
skyon ma mchis pa {C}nirdoa
skyo bar mi gyur {MSA}na khedam
flawless; faultless {C}faultless
skyon mi brjod pa {VN}
padyate; {MSA}nodvegam yti not become

weary/fatigued/discouraged
adoodbhvana {PH}non-fault-statement [(1) not

pointing ou the fault; or (2) pointing out the nonfault]
skyo med {MSA}akhinna without fatigue/

weariness/discouragement
skyon mi byung
skyon med {C}niymata; {C}nyma;
nirdoa faultless; flawless; flawlessness {C}

certainly; (lit.: re-drawing); the way of salvation (of
rvakas and Pratyekabuddhas); the fixed condition
(of Bodhisattvas); ripening; (distinctive) way of
salvation (of Bodhisattvas); definite way of certain
salvation
bskyang/
skyong/ bskyangs/ skyongs/ p keep; sustain;

maintain; protect; guard
bskyod skyod
bskyod skyod arouse; stir; move; cause to go
skyon med pa {C}acchidra; {C}niyama
skyon {MSA,C,MV}doa; apakla fault;
faultless; flawless; flawlessness {C}flawless;
disadvantage; fallacy; defect; flaw {PH}fault;

mistake {C}defect; hatred; fault
la la dag
ni lcags kyi thu lum bar ba la sbrang bu dag bzhin
du dei skyon mthong, Some see the faults of that,
just as insects near a metal ball of blazing iron.
certainly; destined; definitely; established
skyon med pa la jug nyid

{MSA}niymvakrnti entry into flawlessness
skyon med
par jug pa yang dag par grub pa
{A4C-C}
byung byung byung byung fault will not arise
skyong ba / bskyang/ skyong/ bskyangs/ skyongs/

p keep; sustain; maintain; protect; guard
skyod pa
skyon dang yon tan dag

skyon
samjin (=myopama-nirva-dharma-avagamn)
{C}with disgust
skyongs

skyon yon gua-doa faults/defects and good
qualities; disadvantages and advantages
dbye ba {MSA}gua-doa-bheda differentiating

faults and good qualities/disadvantages and
advantages
padyate become discouraged/weary/fatigued

{C}to feel fatigue
skyong
skyon dang yon tan
37
skra bregs {C}mua {C}shaven head

skra zla la sogs pa med pa
{MV}niymvakrnti-samudgama thorough
establishment/accomplishing/achieving of entry
into flawlessness
asat-kea-candra-di non-existent hairs, moons,

and so forth
skyon yongs su shes {MSA}doa-
skra la phog par {C}blavedha; {C}
parijna thorough knolwedge of faults/flaws/

disadvantages
skyon yon
blavedhan {C}split a hair; splitting a hair
skra shad {PH}strand of hair; comb

skra bshad dzings pa keouka
skyon dang
yon tan faults and good qualities; disadvantages

and advantages
skyon sel mi nus pa
hair-net
skrag
bsal sel bsald seld [you are] not
skrags bhaya; trsa fear; fright; terror; horror;

panic; alarm; dread; fearfulness; trepidation
[and corresponding verbs]
able to avoid/eradicate/remove/clear away/

eliminate/exclude the fault that...
skyob cing

bskyab/ skyob/ bskyabs/ skyobs/ {C}paritran
(=trabhta) protecting; defending; sheltering
{C}sheltering
skyob pa
skrag cing
skrag
skrag skrags skrags {C}uttrayayati be afraid; be
fearful; dread {C}tremble
skrag ste
bskyab/
skrag dang dngang
skrag pa
bskyab/ skyob/ bskyabs/ skyobs/ {C}

trayate protect; guard; defend; shelter {C}
protects
skyor
pratiedha stopping fright; ceasing fear
support; hold
skrag pa med pa
skra {C}kea hair {C}hair

skra khang barber-shop
skra nyag ma {C}vla {C}hair
skra dang sbrang bu la sogs
skrag skrag skrags skrags {MV}atrsa without

fear/fright/dread
skrag pai rgyu
skrag skrag skrags skrags {MSA}trsa-kraa

cause of fear/fright/dread
pa kea-bhramara-di hair, bees, and so forth

{PH}hair oil
skrag skrag
skrags skrags {C}trsu (bhavate); {C}trso;
{C,MV,MSA}trsa; {MSA}( tras): trasanti; {C}
paritrsaa; {MSA}bhaya; {MV}uttrsa; {MV}
trasana fear; fright; afraid; frightened; dread
{C}terrified; trembling; worry
skrag pa dgag pa {MSA}trsa-
skyor ba recite; repeat;
skra snum
skrag skrag skrags skrags {MV}trsatmna fear and dread; fear and panic
bskyab/ skyob/ bskyabs/ skyobs/ protector;

guardian; shelter
skyob par byed cing
skrag skrag
skrags skrags {C}trasati be afraid; be fearful;

dread {C}be afraid; be alarmed
skyob/ bskyabs/ skyobs/ tr; {C}tyin; {C}tra;

{MSA}paritra protective; protect; guard;
defend; shelter; protector; guardian; defender
protector; shelter; protection
skyob pa po
skrag skrag skrags
38
skrag pai gnas
skrag skrag skrags skrags {MSA}uttrsa-pada;

{MSA}trsa-sthna state of fear/fright/dread
bska ba {C}kasava; {C}kasya; kaya
skrag pai gzhii
astringent {C}bitter; astringent
gnas ma yin pa nyid skrag

skrag skrags skrags {MSA}atrsa-pada-sthnatva
not a foundation of fear/fright/dread
skrag pai yid kyis
bskang
bskang
bskangs
skrag skrag skrags skrags {C}trastamanas with a mind of fear/fright/dread {C}

trembling in mind
skrag par du shes pas
bskam
bskal mchog {MSA}uttama-kalpa

supreme eon
skrag skrag skrags skrags {MV}uttrastavya; {MV}

trsya be afraid; be fearful; dread
skrag par bya ba
skrag skrag skrags skrags {MSA}uttrsa; {MSA}

( tras): trasitavya that which is to be feared;
object of fear/fright/dread
skrag par byed
skrag skrag skrags skrags {MSA}( tras):

trsyate; {MSA}satrsaka cause fear/fright/
dread; frighten
skrad
bskal don supersensory object

bskal pa {C,MV}kalpa eon; aeon; age
bskal pa gang gi
klung gi bye ma snyed {MSA}gag-nad-vliksama ... kalpa as many eons as there are grains
of sand in the Ganges
bskal pa grangs ma
mchis pa {C}asakhyeya-kalpa innumerable/

incalculable eons {C}incalculable number of
aeons
bskal pa grangs med {MSA}
bskrad/ skrod/
bskrad/ skrod/ expel
kalpsakhyeya innumerable/incalculable eons
skran tumor
skrai rtse mo {C}vlgrakoi tip of a
bskal pa grangs med da

ba passage of countless/innumerable eons
bskal pa grangs med pa
hair {C}the fine point of the tip of the hair
skrun
bskam/
skam/ bskams/ skams/ {C}upauyati; {L}u

dry; dry up; wither {C}shrivel up
skrag skrag skrags skrags {C}

sajin {C}one who perceives; has a notion of
skrag par bya
bskang
bskrun skrun
gsum {MV}trikalpsakhyeya three periods of

innumerable/incalculable eons
bskrund skrund make; form; produce
bskal pa chen po mahkalpa great
brkam pa desire; greed

brkyang brkyang
eon
bskal pa stong phrag du ma

{MSA}naikasahasra ... kalpa many thousands of

eons
brkyang ma lalan left channel

bskal pa dpag med {MSA}ameya
brkyangs brkyang
... kalpa immeasurable/uncalculable eons
39
bskul na {L}preita if/when dispatched/
bskal pa bye ba stong {MSA}
kalpa-sahasra-koi thousand ten million eons
aroused/entreated/urged on/incited/urged/
exhorted
bskal pa mang po {MSA}bahu-kalpa
bskul ba
many eons
bskal pa rdzogs ldan ktayuga
skul/ bskuld/ skuld/ {MSA}prerita; {MSA}

samdpana rouse; arouse; entreat; urge on;
{PH}age of perfection [first of the four ages of the

aeon]
bskul bai spang ba
bskal pai me bar ba {C}
bskul bar byed {C}codayati arouse;

entreat; urge on; incite; urge; exhort; cause to
arouse {C}exhort
bskal bzang rgya mtsho Kel-
bskul byed {LCh} cunda {PH}Cunda

bskul byed rdo rje ma {GST}
sang-gya-tsho [1708-1757, the Seventh Dalai

Lama]
bskum
bskum/
skum/ bskums/ skums/ {C}samijita to contract;
draw in; withdraw; bend [as in bending limbs]
{C}bending
cundavajr {PH}Cundavajr
bskul ma exhortation; entreaty; urging

on; inciting; urging
bskul ma mdzad pa bzhin in
accordance with the exhortation/urging
bskum/ skum/ bskums/ skums/ {MSA}kucitaka

(=sakucitaka) to contract; draw in; withdraw;
bend [as in bending limbs]
bskur
bskul tshig
bskur/ skur/
bsko ba
bsko sko bskos
skos order; command
bskur ba {C}netavya {C}should be guided

bskur byas satktya (=r-paabandhdinvieapada sthpant = maala-dikarat) {C}having honored
bskul
bskul/ skul/
bskor
bskor skor
bskord skord pravartate encircle; surround;
revolve; circumambulate; turn round; turn [a
wheel]
bskor mgo {PH}computational sequence

bskor pa bskor skor
bskord skord {L}pravartate encircle; surround;

revolve; circumambulate; turn round; turn [a
wheel] turn; spread; proceeds; takes place; moves
forward
bskul/ skul/

bskor ba
bskul cing {C}codayati arouse; entreat;
bskor skor
bskord skord {C}parivarta; {C}nirdea; {MSA}

(pra vt): pravartayati; {C}pravartan encircle;
surround; revolve; circumambulate; turn
urge on; incite; urge; exhort {C}exhort; warn

{PH}imperative
[grammatical term]
bskurd/ skurd/ {MSA}abhiikta; {MSA}abhieka

bestow; make someone carry; send
bskul
{PH}offense
of encouraging [gifts]
kalpoddha blazing fire [at the end] of an eon

{C}universal conflagration (raging) at the end of an
aeon
bskums
bskul/
40
round; turn [a wheel] {C}chapter; revolution;
exposition; book; section; revolving; turning
bskor ba byas nas
bskor skor bskord skord {C}pradakiktya

having circumambulated/ encircled/
surrounded/ revolved/turned {C}circulate

around; circumambulate
bskor bar bya
bskyed cing

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}upabandhati; {C}
upapadyat generate; produce; engender {C}
extend to
bskor skor bskord skord {C}pravartayati; {C}

utpdayiyati encircle; surround; revolve;
circumambulate; turn round; turn [a wheel]
{C}spread; turn
bskor byas nas
bskyed cing yongs su bsngo
ba {C}avaropaat generate and thoroughly

dedicate; produce and thoroughly dedicate;
engender and thoroughly dedicate {C}planting
bskor skor bskord skord {C}vartitva having

circumambulated/ encircled/ surrounded/
revolved/turned {C}having turned
bskol thang {NOC} kvtha
bskyed dang rdzogs
{PH}
pa zung jug {PH}union of generation and

completion [stages]
decoction (of)
bskol bai thang {NOC} kaya
bskyed de
bskyed
skyed bskyed skyed {C}mpayitv produce;
generate; engender {C}having planted
{PH}decoction (of)
bskyang
bskyang/
skyong/ bskyangs/ skyongs/ keep; sustain;
bskyed nas
bskyed
skyed bskyed skyed {C}mpayitv; {C}updayti
produce; generate; engender {C}having
planted; produces
bskyang nul {PH}clay-floor

bskyangs bskyang/
bskyed nas bzung ste

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}updu
skyong/ bskyangs/ skyongs/ keep; sustain;

bskyab
(=updya) {C}beginning with
bskyab/
bskyed pa
skyob/ bskyabs/ skyobs/ {L}rakita protect;

defend; guard
bskyab par
bya bai sems can yal bar bor {MSA}trtavyasattvopek abandon/neglect sentient beings
who are to be protected
bskyar zlos {PH}repeated; repetition

bskyud pa {L}pramoa loss; forgetfulness
deluded
bskyed
bskyed skyed
bskyed skyed {C}avaropaa; upadyati; kurute;

sajanayati; janeti (=janayati); janita; updayti;
{MSA}adhi (=adhyropa); {MSA}dhi; utpda;
utpdayanti; prabhava; vddhi; {MV}avaropita;
dhna; ropita; utpdita; ropita; vihita
generate; produce; engender {C}arise; set
up; planting; suffers; create; engender; generated;
produced
41
bskyed
skyed bskyed skyed {C}sajanayati; {C}
prasavanti; {C,MV}avaropita; {MSA,MV}dhna;
{MSA}vaha; {MSA}vhaka; {MV}ropita;
{MV,C}utpatti; {MV}utpda; {C}utpdayati;
{MSA,MV}utpdita; {MV}upagama-prabhavana;
{MSA}upapdana; {C}updayti; {C}janan;
{MSA}( jan): janayanti; {M generate; produce;
engender {C}having planted; beget(s); create;
generate; genesis; arise; raise; give rise to; cause
to be produced; bring forth; produces; creator;
begettor; genetrix; drew their strength from; brought
about (from); brought forth; derives its dignity; one
discerns;
bskyed pa nas
skyed bskyed skyed janya object produced; that

which is produced
bskyed byed
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}updu {C}

beginning with
bskyed
skyed bskyed skyed {C}utpadyate producer
{C}is produced; appear; arises
bskyed pai bras bu

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed effects that
bskyed bras

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed effect of production
are produced
bskyed par bgyid
bskyed par gyur
bskyed rim
bskyed
skyed bskyed skyed {ME} utpattikrama stage of
generation; generation stage
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}janayati
produce; generate; engender {C}generate
bskyod
bskyod skyod
bskyod skyod {C}clayati; kobhya; rita
(=prerita); {MSA}kampana arouse; stir; move;
cause to go {C}shake off; deflect
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}janayati
produce; generate; engender {C}generate
bskyed par bya ba

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {MV}
bskyod na
bskyod
skyod bskyod skyod {C}veate (adhi mtram)
{C}is (all) twisted
utpdanyatva; {MV}utpdayitavya; {MV}

utpditavya that which is/is to be produced/
generated/engendered
bskyed par byao
bskyod pa
bskyod
skyod bskyod skyod {C}kobhya; {C}rita
(=prerita); {C}clayati; {MSA}kampana arouse;
stir; move; cause to go {C}agitated; angry;
stirred; said to be; driven along; shake off; deflect
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}avaropitavya

will produce/generate/engender; should produce/
generate/engender; that which is/is to be
produced/generated/engendered {C}must plant
bskyed par byas la
bskyod par bgyid lags
bskyod skyod bskyod skyod {C}

ucclayati {C}free oneself from
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}sajanayati
produce; generate; engender {C}create;
bskyod par mi nus
generate
bskyed par byed de
bskyed par byed pa
bskyod mi nus so
producer; generator; engenderer; creator {C}

genetrix; begettor; creator
bskrad expel
bskrun bskrun
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {MSA}
janaka producer; generator; engenderer;

creator
bskyed bya
bskyed
bskyod skyod bskyod skyod {C}clayati

cannot be moved; cannot be shaken; cannot be
deflected; cannot move {C}shake off; deflect
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}janetr
bskyed par mdzad pa
bskyod skyod bskyod skyod {C}

asamprakampyo unmovable; unshakeable {C}
unshakeable
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}vardhayati
increase {C}increase; strengthen
skrun bskrund skrund {C}samgamati

(=prdurbhavanti); {C}upta make; form;
produce {C}are brought along; are assembled;
come forth; sown
42
bskrun pa
bskrun
skrun bskrund skrund craft; make; form;
produce
{C}vacas paricita learned recitation {C}
religious texts (?)
kha {C,MSA}mukha; {C}rami-mukha; {C}
kha ton byed pa {MV}svdhyya; {MV}
daana mouth; opening; face; area; verb +

kha or ka = about to (do something) {PH}
mouth; face; faction; division {C}face; door;
marvellous power(?); so also(?) two
factions {Red Annals}
bye {PH}sand
kha skong ba
svdhyyana perform recitation
kha gtam {PH}oral tradition

kha steng du {PH}upon; above
kha thur {PH}downwards
kha thur du {PH}downwards
bye them {PH}sand dune
kha thor ba scattered
kha dog vara color
kha dog kho rang color itself
bskang skong bskangs skongs fill out [as in

replacing a missing syllable in a line of poetry
with an extra syllable]
kha rgyab {PH}backward

kha rgyab ngos {PH}facing backward
kha cig someone; some; a certain [person]
kha cig tu in some
kha cig na re someone; some; a certain
{GD:253} hypothetical color in general
kha dog gi gzugs color-form;

form that is a color
kha dog sngon po {MSA}nla-vara

blue color; color blue
[person]
srin gyi kha chu
kha dog gcig tu {C}eka-vara as
{PH}silken threads;
one color; in one color {C}of one color
insects cocoon
kha dog dang dri dang
kha che kamr Kamr is dot under
ro dang reg bya {MSA}vara-gandha-rasa-spara

color, odor, taste, and tangible object
correct? slash in next item; Moslems; Kashmiri
kha che bye brag smra ba kamri
kha dog du ma {C}aneka-vara many
vaibhika Kamri Vaibhika; Kamri

Proponent(s) of the Great Exposition
colors; many colored; multi-colored {C}manycolored
kha ton recitation

kha ton du {C}svdhyyati; s what is this
kha dog sna lnga

colored
s? {C}vdhyyanti in recitation {C}repeat
kha dog sna tshogs pa {C}
kha ton du bya {C}svdhyyati recite
nnvara variegated in color; having various

colors {C}various-colored
{C}repeat
kha ton duang byed {C}
kha dog phun sum tshogs
svdhyyanti do also in recitation {C}repeat
kha ton byang bar byas

{PH}variegated five-
pa {MSA}vara-sapanna excellent color;

fulfilment of color
43
kha dog yin na if [something] is a
unseemliness {C}faultless
kha na ma tho ba
color; whatever is a color
kha dog la sogs pa
med pai las can yin pa {MSA}anavadya-karmatva

having acitivities that are without unseemliness/
fault
rnam par gyur ba gyur

gyurd gyur gyurd {MSA}vardi-viparima
changes/transformations in color and so forth
kha na ma tho med yul {MSA}
kha dog las shin tu das pa
anavadya-viaya objects without unseemliness;

areas without unseemliness
{C}abhikrnta-abhikrnta-var {C}who have

quite passed beyond materiality of any kind
kha nang antarmukha inwards; internal;
kha dog shin tu jam pa {C}
inside
kha nang ltai cha
laka-cchavit {C}his skin is smooth
kha dog ser po {MSA}pta-vara
blta lta bltas ltos factor directed inwards

{GD:603} an internal cognition [which perceives
the objectal aspect of an external object]
yellow color
kha drang {PH}straight-forward; forthright

kha mdun {PH}forward
kha mdun ngos {PH}facing forward
kha na ma tho {MSA}avadya {PH}
kha nang ltas kyi gros
blta lta bltas ltos type which is

directed inwards
kha nang bstan
kha nang du bstan pa facing inwards; directed

inwards
unseemliness
kha na ma tho ba {MSA}avadya
kha nang du bstan pa
kha na ma tho ba dang bcas
kha spos move over

kha phyar {C}pragalbha {C}arrogant
kha phyir outwards; directed outwards
kha phyir ltai cha

kha nang bstan facing inwards; directed
unseemliness; fault; blemish; blame {PH}

unspeakable/unseemliness
re zhig dor ba la kha na ma tho ba med do
There is no unseemliness in temporarily putting this
aside. {PGP-121}
inwards
pa {MSA,C} svadya involving unseemliness;

faulty {C}has blemishes; faulty
kha na ma tho ba phra rab
blta lta bltas ltos factor directed outwards

{GD:603} an external cognition [which perceives
an external object]
tsam {MSA}anu-mtra ... avadya even/just a

slight unseemliness/fault
kha na ma tho ba mi mnga ba
mnga mnga mnga mnga
kha phyir ltas kyi gros
blta lta bltas ltos type which is

directed outwards
{C}anavadya without unseemliness; faultless;

not involving unseemliness {C}faultless
kha phyir bstan
{MSA,C}anavadya; {MSA}niravadya without

unseemliness; faultless; not involving
kha phyir bstan pa
kha na ma tho ba med pa

44

kha phyir bstan pa facing outwards; directed
outwards

bstan ston bstand stond directed outwards;
facing outwards
kha ba tikta bitter {PH}snow; bitter

kha ba can gyi yul {PH}Land of
kha zheng che {PH}vast and open

kha zas {MSA}bhojana; {MSA}bhojya; {C}
kha bai ro bitter taste

kha byang {PH}label; index; register;
bhaktgra food; fare; foodstuff; provisions

{C}refectory
[] ya tse nas slob dpon od zer
introduction
kha zas chung ngu tshal

bar gyur btsal tshol
btsald tshold {C}alpa-hra seek a litte food
{C}takes little food
seng ges phul ba [zhes] bya bai kha byang can;

[It] has a label that states that [it] was offered from
Yats by Master ser Seng. {GCG} p. 26/46
kha zas zhim po {MSA}ma ... aana
kha byang {PH}[identifying] note

kha bye [mouth-open]; to blossom
kha bye ba / / /
delicious food
bye / bye / bye / byes/ to blossom
{C}open
out his blossoms
kha bye
/ / / bye
/ bye / bye / byes/ to blossom
kha byed
/ dbye/
/ dbye/
byed/ phye /phyes/ open; blossom
kha sbyor
sbyar sbyor
sbyard sbyord face to face in [sexual] union
kha sbyor gyi lus
kha lag food

kha lo bsgyur ba
bsgyur sgyur bsgyurd sgyurd {C}srathi {C}

charioteer
kha sha spotted deer

kha shags dispute; argue; use rough
language
kha sa yesterday
kha gsab {PH}everyday expressions
khwa ta magpie
khag {PH}units; sections; types; parts
khang house; building; dwelling; abode;
byed/ phye /phyes/ open; blossom
kha byes
kha tshon chod pa limited; decided

kha zhe mi mthun pa discordance of
mouth and heart{TGP-77}
Snows (Tibet)
kha bus pa {C} sabhta (?)
stated just the beginnings of analysis
domicile; habitation; structure; edifice; institute
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord bodies [of god and

goddess] face to face [in sexual union]
khang khyim [house-home]; house; home;
residence
kha ma one who is about [to do something]
kha tshon gcod make a decision; limit khang steng {PH}upper level of a house
kha khang pa {C}prsda house; building;
dwelling; abode; domicile; habitation; structure;

edifice; institute {C}palatial building; palace
tshon gcod dka bas dpyod pai sgo tsam bkod do

dgod god bkod god
Since it is difficult to make a decision, [I] have
45
khang pa bkra ba
{PH}whitewashed
khams kyi rgyal po {C}koa-rjan
house
og khang
{C}commander of a fort
{PH}cellar
og khang gi phyag
dar khrod du phangs pas thams cad chud zos;
Because [they] were thrown into a rubbish heap in
the cellar, all [of the texts] were wasted. {GCG}
khams gong ma upper realm

khams gong ma gnyis {PH}two
upper realms [Form and Formless]
khams rgyas pa {MSA}dhtu-pui
p.17
khad pa verb + la + khad pa = on the
increase the constitution [as in increasing health]
khams bco brgyad eighteen
verge of (verb) dbang bskur

la khad pa on the verge of bestowing initiation/
empowerment
khab {PH}court; residence

khab dang me btsa
constituents
khams chen {PH}major constituents

khams gnyis rtas pa
brta brta brtas rtas {MSA}
{PH}
cauterization and moxibustion
dvaya-dhtu-puat increase/improve the two

constituents; improve health
kham gyi zas morsels of food [i.e.,
khams rtas pa
ordinary food]; morsel food
kham che ba
brta/ brta/ brtas/ rtas/ {MSA}dhtu-puat;

{MSA}dhtu-pui increase/improve the two
{PH}great activity; great
[He] made
deed
khams rtas par byed pa
brta/ brta/ brtas/ rtas/ {MSA}
offerings in this manner, and because of performing

such great deeds, he was secretly killed by Minister
We-tak Na-jen and other, who had no fith in the
Dharma. {TDCM}
kham ches ba
dhtu-pui increase the constituents; improve

the constituents; improve health
khams brtas pa

brta/ brta/ brtas/ rtas/ {MV}dhtu-
{PH}great activity; great
deed
khams {MSA,MV,C}dhtu Kham (place in
pui increase the constituents; improve the

eastern Tibet); constituent; basic constituent;

realm; element; disposition; type; constitution
[as in health] {PH}constituent; element; basic
constituent; disposition; type; constitution; Kham
[eastern province of Tibet] gzugs
khams form realm (rpadhtu)
khams brtas byed {MV}dhtu-pui
that which increases/improves the constituents;

that which improves health
khams tha dad pa {L}dhtu nntva

various constituents
dbye ba/ 1 dod khams/ 2 gzugs khams/ 3
Divisions:
Divisions:
dbye ba/ yul drug dbang po drug rnam
shes drug dang bco brgyad// Div.: the eighteen
consisting of the six objects, the six sense powers,
and the six consciousnesses
gzugs med khams; dbye ba/ yul drug dbang po drug

rnam shes drug dang bco brgyad// Div.: (1) desire
realm; (2) form realm; (3) formless realm Div.: the
eighteen consisting of the six objects, the six sense
powers, and the six consciousnesses
46
khams dang skye mched {MV}
dhtv-yatana constituents and sense spheres;
[eighteen] constituents and [twelve] sense spheres
khams du ma {L}dhtv anekatva
khams gsum snod bcud
{PH}environment and [its] inhabitants of the three

realms
khams gsum pa po {C}traidhtuka
khams drug six constituents

khams sna tshogs pa {L}dhtu
{C}the triple world; what is in (or: what belongs
to) the triple world
khams gsum pai
nntva various constituents
nyon mongs pa spong ba

spang spong spangs spongs {MSA}tridhtuklea-praha abandon the afflictions/afflictive
emotions of the three realms
Divisions:
dbye ba/ yul drug dbang po drug rnam
shes drug dang bco brgyad// Div.: the eighteen
consisting of the six objects, the six senses, and the
six consciousnesses
khams gsum po traidhtuka all
khams gzhan {MSA}anya-dhtu other
three realms
khams gsum ma lus pa
constituents
las {C}traidhtuknta from the entirety of the

three realms {C}the triple world
{PH}Kham and
regions to the west
khams gsum la
khams la mkhas {MV}dhtukaualya skill in the constituents
khams
gsum pa {C}tridhtu; {C}traidhtuka the

three realms [i.e., desire realm (dod khams,
kmadhtu), form realm (gzugs khams,
rpadhtu), and formless realm (gzugs med
khams, arpyadhtu)] {C}the triple world; what
is in (or: what belongs to) the triple world
khams gsum gyi sa
khams gsum sa dgu three

realms and nine levels
khar gcod pa la {C}nigraha
{C}
refutation
khar yas khar yas

inexplicable numbers
levels of the three realms
khams gsum thams
{PH}
gshegs pa khar yas khar yas zhes bya ba snyed

kyi sku gdung ring bsrel rnams gnas so Bodily
relics of inexplicable numbers of Tathgatas reside
[there]. Toh. 507 / Bentor 1995
cad kyi dbang po {C}sarva-traidhtuka-adhipati

lord of all three realms {C}sarva-traidhtukaadhipati [name of a Buddha]
traidhtuka in the three realms {C}the triple
bcings par gyur pa {C}traidhtuka-bandhanagata bound in the three realms {C}imprisoned

in the triple world
de bzhin
{PH}the
khams gsum dag la {C}
{MSA}traidhtu-ktma-saskra compounded
phenomena of the three realms
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 sa/ 2 chu/ 3 me/ 4 rlung
/ 5 nam mkha/ 6 rnam par shes pa/ Div.: (1)
earth; (2) water; (3) fire; (4) wind; (5) space; (6)
consciousness
khams gsum
khams gsum dus byas
/ du du/dud dus dus
manifold constituents
khams yan chad
world; what is in (or: what belongs to) the triple

world
47
khas che ba pratij claim

khas blang blang/
khas len byed {MSA}samupeta make
len/ blangs/ lend/ iyate; abhyupagama [bymouth-take]; assert; accept; promise
assertion/acceptance/promise
khas blang bar bya ba
khu khrag rasarakta [semen-blood]; semen
blang len blangs lend {MSA}
and blood; initial embryo
khu ba {LCh}rasa ; ukra regenerative fluid;
abhyupagantavya that which is to be asserted/

accepted/promised
khas blangs
semen
blang/
len/ blangs/ lend/ iyate; abhyupagama [bymouth-take]; assert; accept; promise
khas blangs kyi bsal ba
bsal sel bsald seld {GD:791}

contradiction of opinion
khas blangs pa
blang/
khungs source; source quote
khum
khums
khum/
khums/ khums/ khums/ listen; hear; understand;

realize
blangs/ lend/ {JH}abhyupagam; {C}upaiti; iyate

[by-mouth-take]; assert; accept; promise7 as
noun: assertion; acceptance; promise {C}
approach; come to; run through; implies; undergo;
bear
khur {MSA}bhra burden; load
{PH}
burden
khur khyer ba {MSA}bhrahra; {MSA}

bhradna carry a burden/load
khur dor ba {MSA}bhra-nikepaa
blang/ len/ blangs/ lend/ {C}upagata; {MSA}

(abhi i): abhyeti; {MSA}abhyupagama; {MSA}
abhyupeta; iyate [by-mouth-take]; assert;
accept; promise7 as noun: assertion; acceptance;
promise {C}takes place; can be approached; has
admitted into himself
forsake a burden/load
khur po {PH}load; burden

khur po ba {PH}coolie; porter; load-carrier
khur bor ba {C}apahta; {C}apahta-
khas len pa med cing {C}
bhra leave/pur down a burden {C}put down

(a burden); their burden laid down
anupagata without assertion/acceptance/

promise {C}unapproachable
khum/ khums/
khums/ khums/ listen; hear; understand; realize
blang/ len/
khas len pa
{PH}origin;
source
blang/ len/ blangs/ lend/ {C}ananujna [bymouth-not-take]; nonassertion; not assert; not
accept; not promise {C}no consent
khas len
The Analects of Confucius
{TBRC} W20222
len/ blangs/ lend/ {MV}anupagama [by-mouthnot-take]; not assert; not accept; not promise
khas mi len pa
darkness; obscurity; gloom {PH}hole; cave; pit;

root; panting; snorting; depths [of the heart]
khung bu [hole-small]; small hole

khung tsi {PH}Confucius; Confucianism
blang/ len/ blangs/ lend/ {MSA}abhyupagata; {C}

upagata; iyate [by-mouth-take]; assert; accept;
promise {C}takes place; can be approached; has
admitted into himself
khas mi len
khu byug cuckoo

khu tshur {C}mui fist
khug sna {MSA}nihra mist
khung mun khung {MSA}tamas
48
khur mang dandelion

khur mi khyer ba {C}anropaat not
carry a burden/load {C}not put on (of a burden)
khur rin {PH}wages for carrying a load

nang khul {PH}inside nang khul phan
tshun khe bzang mi za bar rang yod dngos po
tshong ba selling things that one has without
eating the profit and mutual benefit inside {bya
khegs ityama negate; refute; cease; stop

khegs pa ityama negate; refute; cease;
kho nar only {PH}only

kho bo I
kho bos
ambha; {MSA}unnata haughtiness; arrogance;

puffed up {C}rigidity; arrogance; support
sngon po mthong ngam ma mthong snyam pai

the tshom dren par byed pai sngon dzin dbang
po mngon sum /
drang dren drangs drongs/drend a sense direct
perception apprehending blue which induces a
doubting consciousness that thinks, Was blue
seen or not?
khengs pa dang bral ba {MSA}

kharatvapgama free of haughtiness; free of
arrogance; free of being puffed up
khengs pa med pa {MV}anunnati
without haugtiness; without arrogance; without

being puffed up
kho bos bris pa las
kheb
shes par byao These are to be known through/

from my own writings
khebs kheb khebs {L}chadana; {MSA}channa

covering; veil; lid; affliction
kho bos bshad par bya I will
kheb
explain [this]
kho lag limb

khog pa {MV}arra the inside; the trunk
khebs kheb khebs {MSA}upaklea covering;

veil; lid; affliction {PH}affliction
khem pa a brief period

khem pa gcig las med
(of the body); the container
khong he (hon.); she (hon.)

khong khro {MSA}pratigha; {C}kauka
pa min te it is not the case that it is not be more

than one brief period{TGP-64}
bya bai sgras nges par gzung ba

gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}
eva-abdenvadhraa delimited by the term
only
{C}veika {C}peculiar to; special
kheng po stale
khengs pa {C}stambha; {JH}mna; {C}
kho he; she; it

kho cag we
kho na {MV,C}eva; tattva only; just; sole
kho na zhes
stop
khebs pa
[person] is still attached to them. {A4C-C} ad 1.22
kho na re ... zer na if someone says...

kho nai ma dres / /
tshig: shug}
khebs
{PH}still {C}exactly; truly real

di de dag la chags pa kho na yin/ This
anger {C}sharp; bitter
khong khro dang
yal bar dor dang nga rgyal {MSA}pratighopekmna anger, neglect, and pride
49
khong khro ba {MSA}pratighta; {C,MV}
{C}avatarati [inside-to-enter]; understand;

internalize; realize; penetrate {C}enter on; go
into; enters (into); descend; alight; come back to;
plunge into; introduces; take off; fathoms
pratigha anger {C}resisting; impact; aversion
khong khro ba med pa {C}
apratihata not angry; non-anger; without

anger {C}unobstructed; free from aversion; nonobstruction; not hostile
khong khro bar gyur
khong du chud par dod pa
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}

pratihanyate become angry {C}is obstructed; is
frustrated; beat back; be upset
khong du chud {C}samanubuddha
{C} avaboddhu-km wish/desrie/want to

understand/penetrate {C}(wants to) look
through to
khong du chud par bya ste {C}

anugantavya that which is to be understood/
penetrated; should be understood/penetrated
{C}one should follow; one should know
khong du chud par bya ba {MV}
[inside-to-enter]; understand; internalize;

realize; penetrate {C}fully understood
khong du chud cing {C}avaghate
anugantavya that which is to be understood/

penetrated
[inside-to-enter]; understand; internalize;

realize; penetrate {C}plunge (into)
khong du chud par byao
khong du chud pa adhigam; {MV}
adhigama; {C}adhigata; {N}avagacchati; avabudh;

{MV}avabodha; {C}avabodhanat; {C}avaboddhu;
{C}anubuddha; {C}avabudhyate; {MSA}
prativedha; {C}pratvidhyati; {C}pratividhyate;
{C}nirvedhika [=nirbhedika (?)]; {N}avasya;
{C}anupravea [inside-to-enter]; understand;
internalize; realize; penetrate {C}penetrates
to; is penetrated; has been pierced; look through to;
appreciate; (one who has) understood; thoroughly
understood; entrance; recognize; understanding;
sharp; penetration; penetrating don
khong du chud pa understand the meaning
{C}pratiboddhavya; {C}prativedhayati; {C}

avaboddhavya it should be understood/
penetrated {C}should be observed; should
penetrate; must see through; should be understood;
one should look through to; should understand
khong du chud par byed pa
{C}nir-vidhyate penetrate; understand; means

of penetration; means of understanding {C}
penetrates
khong du chud par byed la {C}

bodhayati cause to understand/penetrate {C}
make aware of
khong du chud pa ma yin
khong du ma chud pa {C}
khong du chud par dka ba
khong du dzin
anavabudhyamna not understand/penetrate/

realize/understand {C}without understanding;
not understanding
{C}ananubuddha [inside-to-enter-not]; not

understand; not understand fully; not penetrate;
not realize; not internalize {C}not understood
{C}duranubodha hard to understand/penetrate/

internalize/realize {C}hard to understand
khong du bzung nas dug na
khong du chud par bgyi ba
{C}anuayabaddho viharati {C}dwells tied to a

basis
{C} avataraa [inside-to-enter-do]; understand;

internalize; realize; penetrate {C}introducing
khong du chud par gyur

gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}anuaya-vahati

{C}harbor a latent bias towards
50
khong du song ba
[from a text]
song song song song {C} kohagatu gone
khyad distinguishing feature; feature;
within {C}(got into the) stomach
khong na dzin par byed
distinctive feature; attribute; particular;

distinction

garbhea dhrayati hold within
khyad chos
khyad par gyi

chos distinguishing feature; feature; distinctive
feature; attribute; particular; distinction; quality
{PH}distinguishing feature
bla mai kho nai khyad chos distinguishing
feature of only Highest [Yoga Tantra] {TGP-522.1}
khong nas {MSA}gata from within

khongs sa {PH}territory
khongs su in middle; within
khongs su gtogs included within
khod yangs po {PH}vast expanse
khon {MSA,L} vaira enmity {C}hatred;
khyad chos kyi gtso bo
khyad chos gcig pu unique

distinguishing feature
anger; emnity
khon pa {PH}anger; resentment

khon med {L} avaira non-enmity
khyad chos che ba
khyad chos brjod pai sgra
{C}
brjod rjod brjod rjod term
khom {MSA}kaa condition of leisure;
expressing an attribute
khyad du phags pas {C}viiyate
leisure
khom pa {LCh,MSA}kaa condition of
is distinguished; is elevated; is superior to

{C}is distinguished
leisure; leisure
khyad du gsod pa {C}atimananat;
khoms familiar; familiarize; condition to;
{C}kutsayati; {MSA}(vi man): vimnayati

despise; contemn {C}contemptuousness;
contemns
familiarization
khoms pai lam path of

familiarization
khor ba las
nges par byung ba; nges byung

byung byung byung byung {MSA}sasrn
nisaraa definite emergence/deliverance/
leaving from cyclic existence
khor yug {C}parismanta; {C}
khyad du bsad despise; not care about

khyad par {MSA,MV,C}viea; {MV}viia;
{GD:264}bheda attribute; differentiation;
feature; qualification; particular; distinction;
distinguishing feature; distinctive feature;
in particular; particularly; difference {C}
distinction; difference; distinctive (goal)
khyad par gyi dga ba
parismantaka surrounding area {C}

neighborhood; circumference
khor yug tu {C}parismantaka in the
virmnanda special joy
khyad par gyi rgyu med
surrounding area {C}circumference
pa {MSA}viea-krabhva without a
distinguishing cause
dbyung byin phyung phyungs extract; excerpt
{PH}most
significant distinguishing feature
non-emnity; lack of hostility
khol phyung
{PH}main
51
khyad par gyi chos attribute;
correct nature sign free of qualification
khyad par du {L}viia in particular;
feature; qualification; particular; distinction;

distinguishing feature; distinctive feature
khyad par gyi chos
especially {C}distinguished; more distinguished;

distinction
khyad par du gyur ba
{PH}
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {MV}
khyad par gyi tshul can {C}
viea become distinctive
viea-bhgya having a distinctive mode
khyad par du gro enhance; become
khyad par gro {MSA}viea-gatva
distinguished
khyad par du gro ba {MSA}viea-
enhance; become distinguished/distinctive
khyad par can {MSA,MV}viia; {C}
gamana; {MSA}viea-gmitva; {MV}viea-gati

enhance; become distinguished
viea; {MSA,MV}vaieika; {MSA}vaieikat

[particular-possessing]; special; distinctive;
extraordinary {PH}distinctive; special {C}
difference; distinction; distinctive (goal)
nus pa khyad par can gsar du
thob pa the new attainment of a special capacity
khyad par du rtogs pa

viedhigama special realization
khyad par du phags
khyad par can special
khyad par du phags pa {MV,L}viia;
{PGP-75}
{MV}viiat; {MV}viiatva superior; exalted;

enhanced; distinguished; more distinguished;
elevated {C}distinguished; more distinguished;
distinction
{PH}
distinctive; special
nus pa khyad par can gsar du thob pa the new
attainnment of a special capacity {PGP-75}
khyad par can gyi snang bas khyad par du phags pa

snang snang snang snang by
{MSA}(vi i): viiyate; {MSA,MV,C}viia;

{MV}viiat; {C}viiatara; {MV}viiatva;
{MSA}vaieya superior; exalted; enhanced;
distinguished; more distinguished; elevated
{C}distinguished; more distinguished; distinction
means of a special appearance
khyad par cha mthun vieabhgya

concordant with enhancement
khyad par rtogs pa
khyad par du byas qualified (by)

khyad par du byas pa qualified/

rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}
viedhigama special realization
khyad par ltos pa pa involving a
enhanced [by]
khyad par gdags
qualification
pa yongs su tshol ba /
{MSA}viea-prajapti-paryea thorough
investigation/examination/research of the
designation of attributes
khyad
par ltos pa pai rang bzhin gyi rtags yang dag
correct nature sign involving a qualification
khyad par dag pa free of
khyad par dogs
qualification
khyad
par dag pa pai rang bzhin gyi rtags yang dag
52
pa yongs su tshol ba /
btsal tshol/tshel btsal tshold {MSA}viea-
prajapti-paryea thorough investigation/
examination/research of the designation of
attributes
khyad par la rnam par rtog
uttarottara-viea latter features/distinctions/

differences
khyad par lam elevating path

khyad por ltos pa involving a
khyad par phyi ma phyi ma {MSA}

khyad par phags
khyad par du phags pa {MV,C}viiat
superior; exalted; enhanced; distinguished; more

distinguished {C}distinctive superiority
khyad par phags pa
qualification
khyad phags
khyad par du phags pa {MSA}viia superior;

exalted; enhanced; distinguished
khyad bar la kun btags pai

khyad par du phags pa {MSA}udagra
superior; exalted; enhanced; distinguished;

more distinguished
khyad par sbyar ba
pa {MSA}viea-vikalpa conceptualization of
differences/features/distinctiveness
kun btags su gyur pai ngo bo nyid la kun btags pa

/ gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs imputation of just the entity
that is an imputation of attribute
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord affix a

qualification
khyad med {MV}aviia without
khyad par mi dra ba phye
difference/distinction
khyad zhugs {C, L}viia; {C}viiatara
distinguish the different features
khyad par med {MSA,MV}aviia
superior; more distinguished; superiority {C}
distinguished; more distinguished
without difference; without distinction
khyad par med pa nyid {MSA}

nirviiat non-difference; non-distinction
khyad par med par {MSA}avieea

without difference; without distinction
khyad par mtshan nyid

differentiating characteristic
khyad zhugs par byed pa

enhance; make more distinguished; make
superior
khyad gzhi [attribute-basis]; substratum;

basis of qualities
khyad gzhi khyad chos sbyar

ba sbyar sbyor sbyard
sbyord aassociate substratum and attribute;
predication {PH}associated substratum and
khyad par zhugs pa differentiator

as superior
khyad par gzhan spongs
khyad gzhi brjod pai sgra
spang spong spangs

spongs eliminate other features/distinctions/
characteristics
brjod rjod brjod rjod term

expressing a substratum
khyad gzhii gnad {PH}qualified

khyad par la kun btags pai
bases
It is said that emptiness
kun btags su gyur pai bye brag la kun btags pa

/ gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs imputation of a particular
that is an imputation of attribute
is divisible into twenty, eighteen, sixteen, or

four [types] in terms of the bases qualified [by
emptiness]. {HHDL KMW}
53
khyab pa khas
khyad gzhir bzung ba taking
khyab pa khas blangs pa red [you] have asserted

entailment/pervasion; the entailment/pervasion
has been asserted
[such and such] as substrata
khyab
khyab khyab khyab

khyab {MSA,MV}vypin; {MV}vypana; {L}
vypada; {MSA}(sphur): sphurati entail;
pervade; fill; embrace; cover over
khyab pa khas blangs pa red

khyab pa khas [you] have asserted
khyab chungs pa {GD:692} avypti
entailment/pervasion; the entailment/pervasion

has been asserted
too little pervasion; insufficinet entailment;

too limited; too narrow {GD:692} insufficient
extension; under-inclusion
khyab pa du byed
entailment pervasion; extent of entailment/

pervasion
khyab pa rnal ma normative
kyi sdug bsngal saskradukat pervasive

suffering of conditioning; suffering of pervasive
conditioning; pervasive suffering of composition
khyab che chung greater or smaller/
khyab che bai skyon fallacy of a
entailment/pervasion; natural entailment/

pervasion; correct/entailment/pervasion
entailment/pervasion that is too extensive

dbye ba/ 1 rjes khyab
khyab ches ba {GD:692} ativypti
Divisions:
overly broad; too broad; too inclusive
rnal ma/ 2 ldog khyab rnal ma/ 3 thur khyab rnal

ma/ 4 gal khyab rnal ma/ Div.: (1) normative
forward entailment/pervasion; (2) normative reverse
entailment/pervasion; (3) normative downward
entailment/pervasion; (4) normative negative
entailment/pervasion
khyab jug viu Viu

khyab jug pa vaiava Vaiava;
follower of Viu
khyab ste there is entailment/pervasion
khyab pa phyin ci log perverse
[because...]
khyab mtha boundaries of entailment/
forward pervasion; perverse entailment/

pervasion; mistaken entailment/pervasion
pervasion
khyab bdag [pervade-master]; pervasive

sovereign
khyab pa
khyab khyab
khyab khyab {MSA,C}vypti; {MSA,MV}vypana;

{MV,C}vypin; {MSA}vypta; {MSA}praa;
{MSA}prast; {C}parispha; {MSA}sphuraa
pervasion; are necessarily; encompassable (as in
opposite of bsam mi khyab pa); entail; pervasive;
entailment; fill; pervade; penetrate; cover over
{C}all-pervading; filled with
Divisions: dbye ba/ 1 rjes

khyab/ 2 ldog khyab/ Div.: (1) forward pervasion;
(2) reverse pervasion

dbye ba/ rjes
Divisions:
khyab phyin ci log ldog khyab phyin ci log thur

khyab phyin ci log gal khyab phyin ci log Div.:
(1) perverse forward entailment/pervasion; (2)
perverse reverse entailment/pervasion; (3) perverse
downward entailment/pervasion; (4) perverse
negative entailment/pervasion
khyab pa ma byung
byung byung byung byung vyptir na

bhavati the pervasion/entailment does not exist;
there is no pervasion/entailment
khyab pai dmigs pa

54
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs
khyim {C}gha; {C}geha home; house
vypylambana pervasive object of observation
khyab pai rang bzhin
{PH}all-
khyim stong du {C}nya-gra
pervasive
khyab par {C}vypin; parispha
{C}
empty shed
{C}all-
pervading; filled with
khyab par byas nas {C}sphritv
khyim thab med pa {C}apurua

{C}without a husband
having pervaded/filled/penetrated/covered over

{C}diffused; irradiated
khyab par byed {C}spharati pervade/
khyim du at home
khyim bdag dpal sbyin
{PH}
the householder; rdatta
fill/penetrate/cover over {C}radiates over
khyim dris byed ldan zhing
khyab bya object pervaded; that which is
{C} kula-sastava-saprayukta {C}intent on

familiarity with the families (of the faithful)
pervaded
khyab byed pervader
{C}
house; home; residence; reside
khyim pa {C}kula; {C}ghin; ghasta
{PH}pervasive
[wind]
householder {C}family
khyab byed kyi rlung pervasive wind khyim pa dang rab tu

byung ba byung byung
khyab byed dang
gal bai rang bzhin nature contradictory with a
pervader
khyim par gyur {C}ghi-bhta became
khyab byed du jug pai rang gi rigs yod pa can gyi

chos phenomenon which has a type engaging it
as a pervader
a householder; householder {C}householder
khyim bya house bird

khyim med pa homelessness; homeless
khyab byed ma dmigs pa
dmigs dmigs dmigs

dmigs vypaka-anupalabdhi nonobservation of
a pervader
khyim nas khyim

med par rab tu byung ba went forth from home to
homelessness [i.e., became a monastic
khyab brel related pervasion

khyams courtyard; hall
khyi {C}kukkura; va; vn dog
khyi phag gi brtul zhugs
khyu mchog {C}gopati; {C}vabhi
supreme bull; king bull [used also to refer to a

leader of humans] {C}lordly bull; majestic man
khyu mchog tu gyur ba
vabhit supreme bull; king bull [used also to

refer to a leader of humans] {C}manliness
{PH}yogic discipline of dogs and pigs
khyi ma western channel at the heart

khyi smyon pai dug {PH}rabies
khyi so {PH}dogs tooth
byung byung {MSA}ghi-pravrajita-paka

householders and those who have left the
household (i.e., monastics)
khyung rin chen grags Kyung-
rin-chen-drag [c.1150 - 1200; a disciple of Chapa Ch-kyi-seng-ge (phya pa chos kyi seng ge)]
55
khyed you (hon.)
khyod kyi yin pa yod pa being

khyed rang you (hon.)
it exists; its occurrence exists
khyed rang tsho you (hon. pl.)
khyeu mnava; iya boy; youth; children

khyod kyi
yin pa yod pa yang yin bloi yul du bya rung ba
khyer khos khyer/
yang yin pai gzhi mthun par dmigs pa

that observed as a common locus which is (1)
something of which being it exists and (2) also is
suitable as an object of an awareness
khyer/ khyerd/ khyerd/ ability to bear; capacity

to do so
khyer bde {PH}convenient; simple

khyer ba khyer/
khyod kyis by you; you
khyod chos dang tha dad gang zhig de ldog
khyer/ khyerd/ khyerd/ {MSA}vahana; vikipta;

vinihita carry; bear; bring
khyer bar gyur pa {C}uhyamna
stobs kyis khyod ldog dgos

ldog ldog ldogs ldogs (1) it is different from
phenomenon and (2) it must cease through the
power of that ceasing
(=preryama) {C}borne along
khyer so {PH}manner
khyod you; it

khyod gzhi
grub/ khyod khyod rang ma yin/ khyod ma yin pa

khyod yin/ khyod kyi ldog pa ldog chos phung sum
tsam po ba dang mi gal ba yang yin pai gzhi
mthun par dmigs pa/ that which is observed as a
common locus such that (1) it is an established base,
(2) it is not itself, (3) non-it is it, (3) its isolate is
not mutually exclusive with isolate-phenomenonof-the-third-type
kha dog chos can/ khyod
khyod kyi ldog pa yin par thal/ khyod gzhi grub pai
phyir/ it follows with respect to the subject, color,
that it is its own self-isolate because of being an
established base
khyod kyi yin pa med pa being

it does not exist; its occurrence does not exist
khyod kyi
yin pa med pa yang yin bloi yul du bya rung ba

yang yin pai gzhi mthun par dmigs pa
that observed as a common locus which is (1)
something of which being it does not exist and (2)
also is suitable as an object of an awareness
56
khyod tha snyad kyi
dbang gis bzhag pa ma yin par rang gi mtshan

nyid kyis grub pai dngos po they are things
established by way of their own character
without being posited through the force of verbal
conventions
khyod
tha dad kyang yin/ gzhi mthun mi srid pai chos
phenomena (1) that are different and (2) a
common locus is impossible
khyod de
dang tha dad gang zhig khyod de las byung ba

(1) it is different from that and (2) it has arisen
from that
khyod de dang tha dad
gang zhig de dang bdag nyid gcig pai sgo nas

brel ba grub pa (1) it is different from that and
(2) relation is established from the viewpoint of
being one nature/essence with that
khri mthon po {PH}high throne

khri gdugs {PH}throne and canopy
khri ral pa can {PH}King Ralpajen
khri lo {PH}enthronement year
khri srong lde btsan Tri-song-day-
khyod don dam pa yang yin chos bdag med

pas rab tu phye ba (1) it is ultimate and (2)
it is thoroughly distinguished by [being] the
selflessness of phenomena
khyod spobs par gyis shig
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis

{C} pratibhti {C}may you make clear; flashes
into my mind; inspire; it is clear; it becomes clear;
lighten up (the mind); intelligibly; make clear;
appears
tsen (king of Tibet, r. 755-797)
khri bsrong ldeu btsan
{PH}
King Trisong Deutsen
khyod ming dang brdas bzhag
khrid
khyon {PH}size; extent; expanse

khyon nas {PH}thoroughly
khra sparrow hawk
khra bo {MSA}citra mottled; variegated
khra brug {PH}Tren-druk [a temple in
khrid skor {PH}myriarch [governorship]

khrid pa khrid/ khrid/
khrid/ khrid/ khrid/
khrid/ {MSA}(n): nyate lead; lead through;

guide 7 as noun: leader; instruction
og min du khrid de having led him to a
Highest [Pure] Land
pa tsam yin gyi rang gi mtshan nyid kyis ma grub

pa they [i.e., imputational natures] are only
posited by names and terminology and are not
established by way of their own character
khrid/ khrid/ {MSA,MV}nayana lead; lead

through; guide 7 as noun: leader; instruction
khrid yig [lead-letter]; manual of

instruction(s)
khrims law; rule; ethics
sbyin pas longs spyod khrims khyis
Yarlung built by Songtsen Gampo]
khra brug lha khang
{PH}Trendruk Temple [in Yarlung built by Song-tsen-gampo]
bde from giving, resources; from ethics, happiness
khrims chal {C}dula deviant
khra ma type of grain; quick 60 day barley

disordered {C}immoral
khrag {LCh,C}rudhira blood
khrims gnyis {PH}two [systems of]
ethics (i.e. stra and tantra)
khrag kris {L}nayuta {C}one hundred
thousand million; an incalculably large number
khrims ldan {C}lavat endowed with
ethics {C}gifted with ethics; endowed with ethics
khrag thung drinking blood
(or good conduct)
khrag dang khu ba dang rlung
khrung khrung crane
blood, semen, and wind
khrus
khrag lba blood goiter
ethics; non-ethical; immoral; ethically
khri {C}sana throne; ten thousand
{PH}ten
thousand {C}seat(s); pulpit; many; multitude
57
bkru/ khrud/ bkrus/ khrus/ khru/ khru/ khrus/

khrus/ bathing; ablution; wash; cleanse; ablute;
become clean; be washed
khrus mkhan mo {PU} rajak
{PH}
washer-woman
khrus byed pa [wash-perform]; perform

ablution; wash; ablute
khregs hardness
khregs chod break-through
khrel embarassment; shame; bashfulness
khrel dang ldan {MSA}hr-yukta
{C}insults,
abuses

gsung ni/ rdo
rje dang / khro bo dang / chos dang / gsal bai dbye

ba ste/ bzhio/ Exalted speech is fourfold: vajra,
wrathful, doctrine, and clarity {Dor 3a.2/ 189.2}
khro gnyer
dang bcas zhing khro bo rdo rje lta bas gzigs pao/
He has a wrathful frown, and he looks with the
wrathful-vajra gaze {Dor 25a.6/ 233.6}
khrel med anapatrpya
nonembarrassment; unabashedness
khrel med pa anapatrpya non-
khro bo gtsug tor khor
embarassment
bsgyur {PH}Ulagriva-cakravarti
khrod {PH}among; in the midst (of)

khrod du {PH}among; in the midst (of)
{PH}
embarrasment
khrel yod pa {LCh,C}apatrpya
khrel yod pa dang ngo tsha {C}
hrr-apatrpya embarassment and shame; sense

of embarassment and sense of shame {PH}
embarassment and modesty {C}sense of shame
and dread of blame
{GCG} p.47/27
khrod na {PH}among; in the midst (of)

khrom marketplace; market [in outdoor area]
khros pa {C}rua; kopa enraged; angered;
{C}
wrathful; belligerent; hatred {C}angry
frown
khro ba {LCh,MSA,C}krodha; {MSA}
khros ma nag mo Fierce Black

Goddess
kruddhi; {C}kruati; {C}kroyate belligerence;

wrathful; fierce {C}wrath; anger; frenzy; insults;
abuses; is abused
mkhan {MV}kra [marker for agent]
wrathful
mkhan brgyud rnying pha
khro ba can {MSA}krodhana belligerent;

khro ba zil gnon {MSA}
rigs shes de btsal

mkhan yin la that reasoning consciousness is an
investigator
old preceptor lineage
krodhbhibhti overwhlem belligerence;

overwhelm wrathfulness
khro ba bzod pa
da dung
pod chen poi khrod du tshud pa yang re gnyis yod
srid; Still, it is possible that there are one or two
[texts] yet stuck in the midst of a large volume.
embarrasment {C}dread of blame
khro {MSA}krodhana belligerence

khro gnyer {C}bhrku frown
khro bar byed {C}kruati

khro bo krodha wrathful
endowed with a sense of embarassment/shame
khrel yod {LCh;C}apatrpya
bzod bzod bzod bzod {MSA}kaya (=kama)

kruddhe withstand/bear/forbear/endure/
tolerate belligerence/wrath
58
{PH}
mkhan pa {PH}guide
mkhan po {C}updhyya preceptor;
mkha dbyings phyag rgya
abbot; professor; scholar {C}preceptor
mkhan po dra ba {MSA}updhyya-
{PH}space mudra
mkha la {C}vihyas (=kena) in the
kalpa like a preceptor/abbot/professor
nye rabs {PH}recent generation

mkha ambara; {MSA}ka; {C}vyoma
sky/space; through the sky/space {C}through

the air
mkhar {PH}walking stick

mkhar gyi rgyal po {C}koa-
space; sky
mkha khyab mkha yi
rjan king of a fort; comander of a fort {C}

commander of a fort
rdo rje can that endowed with the space-vajra

pervading space
mkha gro ka [sky-goer]; ka
[realized beings who in male form provide help

to Tantric meditators]; male sky-travellers; male
sky-goers
mkha gro ma k [sky-goer-
female]; ki [realized beings who in female

form provide help to Tantric meditators]; female
sky-travellers; female sky-goers
mkha mnyam lus can
mkha steng gro {PH}[planet] Mars

mkha drai snang ba {PH}
*khecara-vidydhara {PH}sky-traveling tantric
adept
{PH}lord
of khecaris
{PH}realm of sky-
travellers; celestial realm
mkhas pa dang ldan pa {MSA}

kaualya-yukta endowed with skilfulness;
endowed with wisdom
dang dzangs pas rig par bgyi ba

bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C} paita-vijvedanya {C}to be felt only by the learned and
discerning
*khecara-vidydhara {PH}sky-traveling tantric

adept
{PH}clouded sky;
mkhas pa rnam pa bcu {MV}
[n. 7th month]
daavidha kaualyam ten aspects of skill/

wisdom
{PH}expanse of space
mkhas grub
mkhas pa
mkha spyod rig pa dzin pa

mkha dbyings
mkhas grub; mkhas grub rje dge legs dpal bzang po

Khay-drub [1385-1438; one of Tsong-kha-pas
two main students and 3rd abbot of Gan-dan
(dga ldan) monastery]
kuala; {MSA,C}kauala; {MV,MSA}kaualya; {C}

daka; {MSA}budha; {MSA}vicakaa; {MSA,C}
vija; {C}vidu; {MSA}vidus; paia adjective:
skillful; wise; skilled; proficient7 noun: scholar;
the wise; wise person {C}circumspect;
beneficial; skill; clever; expert; discerning;
experienced
mkha spyod pai rig dzin
mkha sprin can
mkhas pa {MV,MSA}paita; {MSA}
fireflies
mkha spyod zhing
{MSA}budha; {MSA}vgmin wise; skilled; be

skillful; scholar {C}hero
{PH}Ke-drup Ge-lek-belsang-bo (mkhas grub dge legs dpal bzang po; 13851438)
{PH}
[all] beings as infinite as space
mkha spyod dbang po
mkhas {MV}kauala; {MV}kaualya; {C}sri;
59
mkhas pa rnams
mkhas shing thabs shes
mkhas pa
mkhur tshos cheeks

mkho ba necessary; important
mkho bai yo byad phran
kyi las rnam gsum po {MSA}budheu karma

trividha three aspects of activites of the skilful
pa yin {MSA}vicakaa ca bhavati upya-ja

wise/skilful and knowing methods/techniques
rnams kyis tshul bzhin brtags na

brtag rtog brtags rtags {MSA}vidu
yoni-vicayt if/when the wise analyze properly
mkhas pa la
tshegs {PH}minor articles of necessity
mkhyud
byung bai dogs pai gnas

byung byung byung byung topic of qualm
arising in scholars/the wise
mkhyud/ mkhyud/ mkhyud/ {MSA}mui fist;

keep; hold; retain; conceal
mkhas pa shes phyir
mkhyen
mkhyen
mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend {C}jnit; {C}jna;
{C}jto; {C}buddha; {MSA}boddh; {LCh}
vid exalted wisdom; know; wisdom (hon.);
knowledge; cognize; cognition {C}cognize;
known; cognized; Buddha
jig rten {C} loka-vidusya {C}for the sake of

knowing the world (?)
mkhas pai jug pai
rnam bshad {GD:847} Commentary on the

Entry Gate of the Wise [by kya Chok-den ( kya
mchog ldan)]
mkhyen nas

mkhas pai dmigs pa; mkhas par byed pai
mkhyen pa
mkhas pai rang bzhin can
{C}paita-jtya having the nature of a wise

person/scholar {C}intelligent
mkhas par proficiently; skillfully

mkhas par ldan {MSA}kaualya-yukta
endowed with skill/wisdom
mkhas par bya ba {C}kaualya
mkhyen mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend {C}jna; {C}

jta; {C}jnti; {C}prajnti; {C}prajnayati;
{MSA}boddh; {LCh}vid; {MSA}( vid): vetti
exalted knower; exalted knowledge {C}
cognize; cognizes; cognized; known; knows;
knowing; knows, in his wisdom; knows wisely;
comprehends
mkhyen pai gter

mkhyen mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend
treasure of exalted knowledge
object/topic of scholarship/skill {C}skill
mkhyen pai yon tan quality of
mkhas par byas nas having
exalted knowledge
become skilled/proficient
mkhas par byed pai
dmigs pa dmigs
dmigs dmigs dmigs objects that make one skillful
{C}wise;
mkhyen brtse
{PH}wisdom and
compassion; wise and compassionate
mkhyen bzhin du

mkhyen mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend {C}
jnann eva while knowing {C}although he
knows the answer
experienced
mkhyen mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend {C}buddhv

having known/cognized/realized {C}having
known
dmigs pa dmigs
dmigs dmigs dmigs kaualylambana object of
observation for [developing] skill
mkhas rig pa {C}vidu
mkhyud/
60
mkhyen rab supreme knowledge
khod
khod/ khod/
khod/ khod/ niad sit; set; settle
{PH}
Khyenrap
mkhyen gsum three exalted knowers
khod pa
mkhyen gsum gyi rnam pa
khod par phags {C}visia
khod/
khod/ khod/ khod/ {MSA}(sth): tihanti sit;
set; settle
(exalted-knower-of-all-aspects, knower of paths,

and knower of bases)
aspect of the three exalted knowers
mkhyen
khon {LCh}upanha resentment; malice

rje bo la khon pa resentment
towards leaders grogs khon
resentment towards friends
gsum bsdus sgom gyi sbyor bai rnam pa aspect

of training involved in meditatively cultivating
collectively the three exalted knowers
mkhris; mkhris pa bile
rlung mkhris bad kan dus
pai nad chen great diseases of the combination of

wind, bile, and phlegm
mkhris {NOC} pitta
{PH}bile
the great diseases of the
assembly of wind, bile, and phlegm {GZ 69a.3}
mkhris pa bile
mkhris pai spyi rtags bdun
{PH}seven general signs of bile
mkhris lba bile goiter

mkhregs po solid; hard
khu ba {LCh}drugdha; {LCh}droha scorn;
khon can {PH}full of resentment

khon dzin khon du
dzin pa upanha resentment {PH}resentment
khor {MSA,C}parivra; {MSA}parad; {C}
parat; {C}sasaraa (=janma-grahaa); {C}

sasarati; {MSA}sasti; {C}cakra; {MSA}gaa;
{MSA}maala sphere; retinue; companion;
attendant; repaying {C}repeated rebirths;
wander about in birth-and-death; wander about;
assembly; wheel
khor gyi dkhyil khor {MSA}
parian-maala; {MSA,C}paran-maala circle

of attendants; circle of companions; circle of the
retinue {C}circle of the assembly
vie with; contend; harboring ill-will; wrong ideas
khu ba lnga sogs five wrong ideas
khor gyi skye bo {MSA}parijana

being who is in the retinue
khor gyi gling {LV} paraddvpa
and so forth
khun bu {PH}sigh; sighing

khums khum/
{PH}surrounding continents
khums/ khums/ khums/ listen; hear; understand;

realize jam dpal
dang ni mu ti ta la khums/ listened to Majushr
and Mutita {GZ/BG 69a.3}
khur responsibility; burden; carry; take on
khor gyi nang du {MSA}paratsu in

the retinue
khor gyur
gyur
gyurd gyur gyurd circling
khor gyur ba
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}sasarati {C}

wander about (in birth-and-death)
a burden bde ba dang

ldan par bya bai khur responsibility of causing
them to have happiness
{C}
distinguished
61
khor rgya mtsho mi
khrugs pa khrug
khrug khrugs khrugs {C}sgaropamay parad
akobhyaya {C}to an assembly vast like the ocean
and imperturbable
khor sgyur
long as there is cyclic existence
khor ba gtong ba med nyid

gtang gtong btang thongs
{MSA}sasrtyga non-forsaking of cyclic
existence
khor lo
khor ba bsten pa
sgyur ba cakravartin universal monarch
bsten sten bstend stend {MSA}sasranievaa partaking of/adhere to cyclic existence
khor nye
ba dang ring bas mtshungs par thos {MSA}

drntika-parat-tulya-ravaa retinue near and
far similarly hear
khor ba thog ma
parivra together with the retinue/companions
khor ba dag tu yongs su
dang tha ma med pa {MV}anavargrasya ...

sasrasya cyclic existence without beginning
or end
khor dang bcas pa {MSA}sa-
khor dang ltung ba {C} sabhraya
bsngo {MSA}sasre pariman thoroughly

dedicate to those in cyclic existence
{C}assembly-hall
khor dang longs spyod
khor ba dang mthun pa nyid
{PH}
attendants and wealth
{MSA}sasrnuklat concordant with cyclic

existence
khor de nyid {PH}that very assembly

khor dus thebs {PH}assembly
khor
khor ba dang mya ngan
las das {MSA}sasra-nirva cyclic existence

and nirva; sasra and nirva
khor ba
das; khor ba dang mya ngan las das pa cyclic

existence and nirva
dang mya ngan las das pa la mi gnas pa {MV}

sasra-nirvpratihit not abiding in cyclic
existence and nirva; not abiding in sasra
and nirva
khor phun sum tshogs pa

{MSA}paricra-sapad marvelous/excellent/
perfect retinue
khor ba {MV,MSA,C}sasra; {MSA}
khor ba khas len pa {MSA}
khor ba dang zhi ba ro
sasarat; {MSA}savti cyclic existence; cycle

[of powerless birth, aging, sickness, and death]
{PH}cyclic existence {C}transmigration; birthand-death
khor ba dang mya ngan las das pa la mi gnas pa

nyid {MSA}apratihita-sasra-nirvatva
not abiding in cyclic existence and nirva; not
abiding in sasra and nirva
gcig pa {MSA}sasra-nty-eka-rasa the one/

single/sole taste of cyclic existence and peace
sasrbhyupagama assert cyclic existence
khor ba ji srid {C}asasram as
long as cyclic existence lasts; as long as there is

cyclic existence {C}as long as the samsaric world
lasts
khor ba ji srid par {MSA}yvatsasram as long as cyclic existence lasts; as
62
khor ba na rgyu ba

rgyu rgyu rgyu rgyu {C}sasrvacara
wandering in cyclic existence {C}bound up with

samsara; which afflict on the plane of samsara;
belonging to samsara
khor ba na gnas pa {C}sas-
khor bai nyes pa fault of cyclic
gata dwelling in cyclic existence {C}subject to

birth-and-death
khor ba na spyod pa
existence {PH}faults of samsara
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}sasrvacara

coursing in cyclic existence {C}bound up with
samsara; which afflict on the plane of samsara;

belonging to samsara
khor ba zad kyi bar du {C}
sasra-dukha suffering of cyclic existence
khor bai rtsa ba root of cyclic

existence
khor bai zag pa contamination of

cyclic existence
sasrt until the extinction of cyclic existence

{C}throughout the round of birth-and-death
khor ba yongs su gtong
khor bai zag pa
dang bcas pa together with a contaminated

phenonemon of cyclic existence
khor bar khor nas {C}sastya
{MV}khinna sasra parityajeta thoroughly
having wandered/travelled in cyclic existence

{C}after he has wandered about
renounce/forsake/give up cyclic existence
khor ba yongs su mi
khor bar gyur ba
gtong ba gtang gtong

btang thongs {MSA}sasrparityga nonrenunciation/non-forsaking of cyclic existence
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}sasarati

cycle/travel in cyclic existence {C}wander about
(in birth-and-death)
khor ba yongs su shes pa
khor bar mngon mtho byed
{MSA}sasra-parijna thorough knowledge

of cyclic existence
{MSA}sasre bhyudayya cause [attainment

of] high status in cyclic existence
khor ba len pa dang spong
khor bar gtogs pa {MSA}
ba spang spong spangs

spongs {MV}sasrdna-tyga assumption
and abandonment of cyclic existence
sasra-gata included in cyclic existence
khor bar yongs su bsngo
khor bai {C}bhava {C}becoming

khor bai khor lo {C} sasra-
{MSA}sasre pariman thoroughly

dedicate to cyclic existence [i.e., to those in cyclic
existence]
cakri wheel of cyclic existence {C}the wheel of

birth-and-death
khor bai rgyun {C}sasra-srota

continuum of cylcic existence {C}the flood of
birth-and-death
khor bai mngon mtho high
khor bas jigs pa {MSA}
sasra-bhta frightened by cyclic existence
khor mo jig {PH}Varanasi

khor mo jig gi yul
du bdud {PH}the demons of the surrounding
transient world
khor
status within cyclic existence
khor bai chos can {C}
zhi ro gcig pa; khor ba dang zhi ba ro gcig pa

{MSA}sasra-nty-eka-rasa one taste of cyclic
existence and peace
sasraa-dharmin subject to cyclic existence

{C}subject to wandering about in birth-and-death
khor bai sdug bsngal {MSA}
63
khor la dga ba liking companions khor los bsgyur bai

rgyal po bsgyur sgyur
khor lur byed par {C}paradbsgyurd sgyurd cakravartin universal emperor;
guruka {C}one who prefers a communal life
universal monarch
khor lo {MV}cakra wheel; channel wheel khor los mtshan {C}cakrka

{PH}wheel; channel wheel
marked by a wheel {C}lines depicting a wheel

stamped on
khor lo sgyur ba; khor
khor gsum {MSA}trimaala three
sgyur cakravartin universal monarch
khor lo sgyur ba cakravartin
spheres (as in three spheres of self-contradiction;

as in The three spheres!); three spheres [i.e.,
agent, action, and object] khor
gsum khas [You] have asserted three spheres [of
self-contradiction] khor
gsum mi dmigs pa non-apprehension of the three
spheres [of agent, action, and object as when giving
a gift or meditating]
{PH}
wheel [turning] monarch
khor lo sgyur bai rgyal po

{PH}wheel [turning] monarch
khor lo bsgyur ba
{PH}wheel
[turning] monarch
khor lo lnga {PH}five cakras

khor lo rnam pa can gyi
khor gsum gyis dag pa
{MSA}uddha trimaalena devoid [of

conceptualization] of three spheres [i.e., agent,
action, and object]
sems mind possessing the aspect of a [divine]

circle
khor gsum rnam par dag
khor lo bar pa middle wheel [of
nyid {C}trimaala-viuddhat devoidness [of

action, and object] {C}three-fold purity
the teaching, mainly the Perfection of Wisdom

Stras]
khor lo rtsibs stong
khor gsum rnam par
dang ldan pa {C}sahasrracakra wheel having

a thousand spokes
dag pa {C}trimaala-viuddhi devoid [of

action, and object] {C}three-fold purity
khor lo rin chen {C}cakra-ratana
khor gsum yongs su
precious wheel {C}precious wheel
khor lo rin po che {MSA}cakraratna precious wheel
khor lo la sogs
pa rin po che sna bdun {MSA}cakrdi-sapta-ratna

seven types of precious articlesthe wheel, and
so forth
khor los sgyur ba {MV,MSA,C}
khyags rum {PH}ice-slip

khyam khyam/
khyam/ khyams/ khyams/ wander
khyams
cakra-vartin universal monarch

khyam/ khyam/ khyams/ khyams/ {C}bhramate
wander {C}revolves
khor los sgyur bai rgyal
po {C}rja-cakravartin king who is a universal

monarch {C}universal monarch
dag pa {C}trimaala-pariuddhi thoroughly

devoid [of conceptualization] of three spheres
[i.e., agent, action, and object] {C}three-fold
perfect purity
64
khyams shing {C} sadhvya
kubhyati get disturbed/agitated; become angry;

fight {C}get angry with
wander {C}after he has erred about
khyar khyor
{PH}crooked
There wasnt
even a single pillar [in that temple] that was good
and straight, [all having been made] from crooked
trees. {GCG}
khyil ba
khyil/
khyud pa
khyud/
khrug pai sems
khyer/ khyer/ khyerd/ khyerd/ ability to bear;

capacity to do so
khri shing {C}lat vine; creeping plant;
khrug pai sems ga tsam yang skyed par mi byed

de bskyed skyed bskyed
skyed {C}cittotpdam api na kobhayati does not
generate even any mental disturbance/agitation
{C}does not get angry even in his mind
creeper {C}creeper; creeping plant
khrig/
khrig/ khrigs/ khrigs/ gather; be piled up
khrug par gyur zhing
khrid/ khrid/
khrid/ khrid/ lead; lead through; guide 7 as

noun: leader; instruction
{C}kubhyati become disturbed/angry/agitated
{C}get angry with
khrid pa {MV}nayana lead; lead
khrug par bya ba

khrug khrug khrugs khrugs {C}
through; guide 7 as noun: leader; instruction
khrid mdzad lead

khril bag chags {C}vttat
vikopayati {C}do harm; upset; disturb
khrug par byed

elegant {C}well-rounded
khris near; close to; next to

khrug khrug
kutsayati;{C} pratikopayati; {C}vikopayati

disturb; make angry/agitated {C}contemns; be
angry; do harm; upset; disturb
khrugs
khrug khrugs khrugs {C}upysa; {C}kobha;

{C}vikipta be disturbed/angry/agitated; fight
{C}despair; misery; rage; anger
khrug pa byed pa


kobhaa-citta mind of disturbance; disturbed/
agitated mind {C}watchfulness
khyerd/ khyerd/ carry; bear; bring
khrid
non-disturbance; non-anger; absence of anger;

non-agitation {C}immovability; undisturbed;
imperturbility; absence of distractions; nondisturbance; non-distraction
khyer/ khyer/
khrigs
khrug pa med pa
{C}akopan; {C}akobhaat; {C} avikepa
khyud/ khyud/ khyud/ embrace; hug
khyer khos
med cing yongs su rdzogs pa med pa

{C}ansvdanat {C}no enjoyment; derive no
enjoyment
khyild/ khyil/ khyild/ {C}vartat; {C}vartta

twisted; turned; accumulate together {C}is
twisted; curl and turning
khyer
khrug pa
65
khrug
khrug khrugs khrugs {MSA}kupita; {MSA}

vikrya be disturbed/angry/agitated; fight
khrugs pa
khrul rgyu cause of error/mistake

khrul rgyu can having a cause
khrug khrug khrugs khrugs {C}kubhita; {C}

upysa; {MSA}kopa; {MV}kopyatva; {MSA}
kobhya; {MSA}vikopana; {MSA}vibhrama be
disturbed/angry/agitated; fight {C}agitated;
disturbed; despair; misery
khrugs par gyur ba
of error/mistake {GD:486} cause of error;

{GD:736} leading to error
kobha gacchati become distrubed/agitated/

angry {C}get into a rage
khrung
khrung khrungs khrungs {C}prarohati come
into being; be born {C}grow up

that having a cause of error/mistake in the abode
khrul rgyu yul la yod pa
that having a cause of error/mistake in the object
khrungs dpe {PH}formulary

khrud bkru/ khrud/
khrul snang yod mkhan

snang snang snang snang
bkru/ khrud/
khrul pa
bkrus/ khrus/ bathing; ablution; bathe
khrul/
khrul/ khruld/ khruld/ {MV}bhrnti mistake;

be mistaken; be confused; err7 as noun: mistake,
error
khrul khor {C}yantra device;
machine {PH}yantra; device; magic wheel;

machine; yogic exercises {C}machinery
By
comparing the points of time that are dependently
arisen with the magic wheel of many aspected
activities, ... Mi-pham, Svarodaya comm. 4b.3-.4
khrul khor sbyar ba
khrul/ khrul/ khruld/ khruld/ {C}skhalita;

bhrntu; {MSA}bhrnta; {MV}bhrntatva;
{MSA,MV}bhrnti mistake; be mistaken; be
confused; err7 as noun: mistake, error trip up;
revolving (deluded)
khrul pa mi mnga

mnga mnga mnga mnga {MSA}
aparyasta unmistaken; non-erroneous; not

having mistake/error
khrul pa med pa {MSA}askhalita
unmistaken; non-erroneous; not having mistake/

error
khrul pa tsam {MV}bhrnti-mtra
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {C}yantra-
only mistake; mere error; only/merely
yukta put together a device; put together a

machine {C}a puppet which can be moved by
pulling the strings
erroneous/mistaken
khrul pai rgyu {MSA}bhrnter
khrul khor bsre
nimitta cause of error/mistake
ba brgya brgyad pa {PH}Hundred and Eight

Combined Yogic Exercises
thattwhich is mistaken regarding the appearance

[of its object]
bkrus/ khrus/ bathing; ablution
khrul
khrul rgyu de ma
khrul rgyu gnas la yod pa
khrung khrung khrungs khrungs grow; come

into being; be born {C}abundant; grow up
khrud
that having a cause of error/mistake in the basis

thag rkyen la yod pa that having a cause of
error/mistake in the immediately preceding
condition
khrung
khrungs
khrul rgyu rten la yod pa
khrul pai rgyu mtshan {MSA}

bhrnti-nimitta cause of error/mistake
66
khrul pai rten {MSA}bhrnte ...
where [so-and-so] lived
r pa ti
saniraya basis of mistake/error; mistaken

basis
{PH}Rpati [n. of a minor king who

fought with the Kauravas]
khrul pai mtshan nyid {MSA}
bhrnti-lakaa character of mistake; mistaken

character; definition of mistake
khrul pai sems {C}vibhrnta-citta

mistaken mind {C}confused thought
khrul par byed pa {MSA}bhrntikaratva that which causes mistake
khrul ba

khrul/ khrul/ khruld/ khruld/ {LCh}bhrnta;
{TN}bhrnti mistaken; illusion
rang gi snang yul la khrul ba mistaken
with respect to its appearing object
where {C}how?; where?

How can there be liberation [for] those who hate the
self? BMH VIII.1d
khrul ba dgag pa refutation of
ga la yod how could there be?; where is?

ga las jigs med akutobhay
mistaken [views]
khrul ba rtog pa

khrul pai rtog pa mistaken concepttal
(?) Akutobhay [title of a commentary on

Ngrjunas Treatise on the Middle, Toh. 3829]

bod mang pos ga las jigs med rang grel du dod
pa mi thad pa the assertion by many Tibetans
that the Akutobhay is an autocommentary is not
correct{DASI 582.1}
consciousness/conception
khrul med {MV}abhrnti nonmistaken; without mistake
khrul shes bhrnti-jna mistaken
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang gi snang
yul la khrul bai rig pa/ Def.: a knower that is
mistaken with respect to its appearing object
consciousness
khren pa {C}mtsarya
ga ler slowly; gently

gag po difficult; hard
gang {LCh}ka, {C}katara; {MSA}yad; {MV.
{C}mean;
IV.4}katame relative and interrogative pronoun:

what; who; which {PH}anything; that; what
thabs gang la brten nas
method in dependence on which
gang bskur bai dbang de initiation which is
bestowed
Other than the ability to make its end longer, [how
can] that come [to be] greater in width? {GCG}
meanness; niggardly; jealousy
khro ba krodha belligerence

ga {C}daana interrogative particle; all [of
a certain number] {PH}where (= ga la) {C}

marvellous power gsum ga all three; the
three
ga nya dzi ra {PH}spire

ga dus when?; at what time?
ga na where? ga na bzhugs
ga nas from where?; from whence?

ga par where?
ga pur camphor
ga tshad how many?; how much?
ga tshod how many?; how much?
ga re what?
ga la {C}kuta how?; where? {PH}how;
gang gang particular

gang gi klung {L}Gag-nad
Ganges River
67
gang gi klung gi bye ma
gang ci which?; why?

gang ciang rung any and all
gang ltar khas
snyed {C}gag-nad-vlukopama as many as

the grains of sand of the Ganges {C}countless
like the sands of the Ganges
len pa ni dpyad par byao it should be analyzed

what sort of assertion should be made
gang gi klung gi bye ma di snyed dang mnyam

pai sangs rgyas {MSA}gag-nad-vliksamna-buddha (iyat ...-) Buddhas equal in
number to these grains of sand of the Ganges
gang ltar yang in any case

gang dag {L}katara what; which; who;
gang gi klung mnyam {C}
some
gang dang gang {PH}back-and-forth

gang dang gang {PH}each-and-every
gang du {MSA}yatra; {MV}yatra ca [what-
gag-nad-vli-sama equal with the Ganges

{C}like the sands of the Ganges
gang gi {MSA}yasya relative and

interrogative pronoun: of which
in]; in which; where; as which
gang gi don du {MV}yad-artham for
gang du dod pai zhing
the sake of which
du gro ba {C} yatrecch-ketra-gamanat going

to the pure land to which one wishes/wants
{C}going to the field one wishes to go to
gang gi phyir {MV}yad-artham; {MSA}
yasmai because; for that reason; for the sake of;

why?
gang du dbang
gang gi tshe yad; {MV}kasym
bskur pai dkhyil khor the maala in which

initiation is bestowed
avasthym when; at what time
gang du yang ma song ba
gang gi tshe/ dei tshe {MV}yad
song song song song {MSA}
... tad correlative construction: when
gang gi yang any; of any

gang de {PH}whatsoever
gang gi slad du for what reason?; for
May all
kacid-gata (na-)(from kim) not gone anywhere
the sake of what?; for the sake of which
transmigrators, by means of whatsoever virtues,

engage in bodhisattva deeds!
gang gis {MSA}yena interrogative or
gang dran dran whatever you thought;
correlative particle: by what; by whom; by

which
whatever might be imagined
gang gis stong nyid shes pa gang dul sprul sku
{PH}
Emanation Body taming whoever [needs taming]
de one who knows emptiness
gang gis dang gang du
sgrub pa bsgrub sgrub

bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}yena ca pratipadyante yatra
ca by whom and where achieved
gang grub
{PH}however [many] can be
done
gang nas {BCA} yata
{PH}at whatever
[point]; from [whenever] At
whatever [point] ... from just that point on ...
{BCA} I.18-.19
gang phyir {C}yatas; {MV}yad-artham
because; for that reason; for the sake of; why?
68
gang ba
gang gang
ba/ so soi skye bo dang phags pa gnyis/ Div.: the

twoordinary beings (pthagjana) and Superiors
(rya)
gang gang {C}pratva; {MSA}prapratva; {C}

bharita be full; become full {C}completion;
repletion; filled with
gang ba med pa
gang bar gyur
{PH}whatever person;
whosoever
gang gang gang gang {C}aparipra not full

{C}without having fulfilled; (in)complete
gang zag gang gis yid gtad pas mthong tsam nyid
nas di dang di drao snyam pai blo ngang gi
skyed nus pai chos bskyed
skyed bskyed skyed phenomena naturally able to
produce an awareness thinking, This and that
are alike, upon merely being seen by whatever
person directs the mind [toward them]
gang gang gang gang {MSA}( p): pryate

will fill
gang med
gang zag gang
gang
gang gang gang {C}apratva not full {C}

non-completion; no increase
gang tshun up to the point of

gang zag gi bdag pudgaltman
self of persons
gang tshe yad; {C}yatra-antarasmi (=yad);
{C}kli; {C}yath (=yad) when; at what time
gang zag gi bdag tu
dzin pai blo {PH}awareness that grasps at a self

of persons
{C}when; time; so that
gang tshe tshe {L}yad when

gang zhig {MSA}yad for one [indicates
gang zag gi bdag med
pudgala-nairtmya without a self of persons;

selflessness of persons
the first part of a reason]; whoever; which
dus ma byas kyi nam

dbye ba/ 1 gang zag gi bdag
Divisions:
mkha chos can/ rtag pa yin par thal/ yod pa gang

zhig skad cig ma ma yin pai phyir/ It follows that
the subject, uncompounded space, is a permanent
phenomenon, because of (1) existing and (2) not
being momentary.
med rags pa/ 2 gang zag gi bdag med phra mo/

Div.: (1) coarse selflessness of persons; (2) subtle
gang zag gi bdag med kyi dbang
gang zhig gang {ntideva}
du byas pai don dam pa ngo bo nyid med pa

ultimate-non-nature in terms of the selflessness
of persons
yadanyasa {PH}anything whatsoever
gang zhe na {C}katamni if [someone
asks], What?; if [someone asks], Which?

{C}what is?
gang zag {C,MSA,MV}pudgala; purua
person; individual
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
phung po lnga po gang rung la brten nas btags pai skyes
bu/ Def.: a being imputed in dependence upon any
among the five aggregates

Divisions:
dbye
gang
zag gi bdag med rtogs pai rnal byor gyi sa

rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs yogic
ground of realizing the selflessness of persons
gang zag gi bdag med dang

chos kyi bdag med kyi dbang du byas pai yongs
grub thoroughly established natures in terms
69
gang zag mngon par rtogs
of selflessness of persons and of selflessness of

phenomena
pa rtogs rtogs rtogs

rtogs {MSA}pudgalbhisabodha manifest
realization of the person
spyi ldog generality-isolate of the selflessness of

persons
gang zag tu smra ba {MSA}pudgala-
vdin propound a person
gang zag tu dzin pa
phra mo subtle selflessness of persons

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ gang zag rang rkya thub pai rdzas
yod kyis stong pa Def.: In non-Consequentialist
schools: a persons emptiness of being a selfsufficient substantial entity

pudgala-grha apprehend a person; conceive a
person
gang
gang zag gi
zag rtag gcig rang dbang can gyis stong pa

nityaikasvatantra-nyapudgala a persons
emptiness of being permanent, unitary, and
autonomous
bdag med phra moi rnam pa can {PH}having

the aspect of the subtle selflessness of persons
gang zag gi bdag
gang zag
med rags pa coarse selflessness of persons

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ gang zag rtag gcig rang dbang
can gyis stong pa Def.: In non-Consequentialist
schools: a persons emptiness of being permanent,
unitary, and autonomous
dang chos dag mi dmigs pai phyir

dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs {MSA}
pudgala-dharmayor anupalambht due to/

because of not apprehending persons and [other]
phenomena
conception of a self of persons
gang zag
pai blo gzung dzin

bzung zungs awareness apprehending a self of
persons
gang zag dang chos
gang zag gi bdag dzin
{PH}
gang zag gi bdag dzin
la bdag med pa {MSA}pudgala-dharma-nairtmya

selflessness in persons and [other] phenomena
gang zag gi bye brag {MSA}
gang zag dang chos la bdag med
pudgala-bheda instance of a person
gang zag gi longs spyad

bya
pa dag yongs su shes par bya bai phyir {MSA}

pudgala-dharma-nairtmyayo parijrtha in
order to thoroughly understand selflessness in
persons and [other] phenomena
spyad spyod spyad spyod
objects of use of a person {PH}objects of
enjoyment of a person
gang zag gi bsam pa
gang zag dam pa {MV}sat add
{PH}
attitudes of a person; thoughts of a person
pudgala after checking? excellent person; holy

person
gang zag gi bsam
gang zag gdags pa
pa la dgongs pa {MSA}pudgalaybhiprya
thinking of a persons attitude; in consideration
of a persons thought
dang chos med pai mtshan nyid yin pa {MSA}

pudgala-dharmbhva-lakaatva character of
non-existence of persons and [other] phenomena
/ gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs {MSA}pudgala-prajapti
70
gang zag smra ba pudgalavdin
imputation of a person
gang zag bdag med gi
Proponent of a Person
gang zag tsam mere person

gang zag zla med pa {C}
rang ldog self-isolate of a selflessness of persons
gang zag bdag med rang

ldog self-isolated selflessness of the person
gang zag bdag dzin
apratipudgala person without equal; matchless

person {C}without a match
{PH}
gang
conception of a self of persons
gang zag bdag dzin gnyis
zag yin par gyur pai ldan min du byed

*pudgala-viprayukta-saskra non-associated
compositional factor which is a person
{PH}the two types of conception of a self of

persons
gang zag ni nam
gang zag yod par
gang zag rnam par gzhig
gang zag yod par smra ba
yang med pa ma yin pa {MSA}kad cit pudgalo

nsti (na-) persons are never non-existent
khas blang bar mi bya {MSA}na v pudgalo sti

persons are not to be asserted as existing
pa {MV}pudgala-vina disintegration of the

person; destruction of the person
pudgala-vdin Proponent of a Person
gang zag rang rkya
gang zag rnam par bzhag
thub pai rdzas yod {PH}being substantially

existent in the sense of being a self-sufficient person
pa {MSA}pudgala-vyavasthna positing of the

person
gang
gang
zag rang rkya thub pai rdzas yod kyis stong pa

emptiness of a person as being substantially
existent in the sense of being self-sufficient
zag ma yin pai ldan min du byed

*apudgalaviprayuktasaskra non-person
compositional factor
gang
gang
zag rang rkya thub pai rdzas yod du ma grub pa

non-establishment of the person as substantially
existent in the sense of being self-sufficient
zag ma yin par gyur pai ldan min du byed

*apudgala-viprayukta-saskra non-associated
compositional factors that are not persons; nonassociated compositional factor which is not a
person
gang zag la mi srid snyam pa

{MV}asambhvan pudgale thinking, [Such
and such] does not occur among persons
gang zag
gang zag; skyes bu pudgala/purua
mi rtag pa nyid du thal bar gyur ba

{MSA}pudgalasynityatva-prasagt it would
[absurdly] follow that persons would be just
impermanent
gang yang
nipudgalatva non-existence of persons {C}

no personality; without personality; absence of a
person
gang yang rung ba anayatara; {L}
person
gang zag med pa {C}nipudgala; {C}

71
gang gi yang
{C}kicit; {MV}kicid; {C}kahici [what-even];
any; whosoever. With negative: not any; none
{C}anyone; whatever; anywhere
anyatama; {L}anyatas-anyatara any; some;

some...or other
gang yang rung ba zhig
from what?; whence?; why? {C}with what?;

why?
ma tshang ba {MV}anyatama-vaikalya any

incomplete
gang yang rung ba zhig
gang las bskyod par

bgyid lags bskyod skyod
bskyod skyod {C}ucclayati {C}free oneself
from
{PH}
any single; any single [one]

Any single one [being] incomplete, ... {MV}
gang shar thams cad all of
anyatama-vaikalya
gang yang rung bai {C}
whatever appears
gang su dag {L}ye kecit whichever of
anyataranyatara of any {C}some or other
gang yin what is?; which is

those
gang yin pa which is; whatever is
gang su dag di {PH}whichsoever
of these
gang yin pa de thams cad all
gangs hima snow
of whatever is...; all whatsoever
gang yin par gro {C}yathgami gangs can that endowed with snow; The
Snowy Land [i.e., Tibet]
{C}goes into...which he comes across on his way
gang rung any; one among; either one
gangs can mkhas pa scholar of
or both; whichever is suitable {PH}either one

of; whichever
rtsa bai kha
dog yin na dmar po dang / dkar po dang / sngon
po dang / ser po gang rung yin pas khyab / If
[something] is a primary color, [it] is [necessarily]
either one of red, white, blue, or yellow.
the Land of Snows [Tibet]
gangs can gyi ljongs

Realm of Snow [Tibet]
gangs can gyi ljongs chen

po {PH}Great Realm of Snow [Tibet]
gangs can gyi yul
gang la {C}kutra; {C}kutu; {MSA}yatra
gangs can ljongs
gang la gang any...whatsoever

gang la gang med pa
{PH}Realm of
Snow [Tibet]
gangs can mun pai smag

rum {PH}the dense darkness of the Land of
Snows
de ni des stong the non-existence of something

in something is [its] emptiness of that
gangs ljongs
gang la dgongs nas in
{PH}Realm of Snow
[Tibet]
gangs pa seu Gang-pa-say-u [c.1200;
consideration of which; thinking of which
gang la rnam par mi rtog
a Ka-dam-pa author on epistemology]
gangs ri sngon por
{MV}yac ca na vikalpayati non-conceptual/

not conceptualizing with respect to which; nonconceptual with respect to anything
{PH}Land of
Snow (Tibet)
with respect to which; of what; where; of which;

in which/whom {C}in whom; how
gang las {L}km; {C}kuto; {MSA}yatra
{PH}
snang bai dbang shes snang

snang snang snang sense consciousness to which
a snow mountain appears as blue
72
gangs ri ba {LCh}haimavata one
non-case particle) and; but; (semi-colon)
gi gu
[person] of the snow mountain
gangs rii ljongs
{PH}i vowel mark; [name of vowel

marker for i]
ring po la ii zhes gi gu nyis brtsegs; For the long
vowel , ii [is written], that is, two i vowel
marks are stacked. {GCG} p.21
{PH}Realm of
Snowy Mountains [Tibet]
gad mo laugh; laughter; laughing

gad mo dgod
nyams len gyi cha
{PH}elements of
practice
bgad dgod bgad dgod laugh; smile; make laugh/

smile
gis (as instrumental particle) by; by means
gand essence; important point; pith;
of; with; because. (as non-case particle corruptly

used in place of the non-case usage of genitive
particles) but; and; (semi-colon)
essential
gand mthar gtugs pai
gu a ma ti guamati Guamati [name
phra ba final subtle essential{N}
gand rnams shes dgos it is
of a Bodhisattva]
gu a shr guar Guar [proper name]

gu ru guru [Tibetan transliteration of
necessary to know the essentials ...{LG}
gab tshe {C}karaaka {C}basket

gam or; and; particle indicating question;
Sanskrit word, guru]; guru; teacher
gu ru yid bzhin nor bu {RY}
near
gar {C}ntya [what to]; where; dancing;
cintmani {PH}Guru Chintamani (a form of

Padmakara)
dance {PH}dancing; dance

sgyu phrul dra bai gar dance of magical
emanation {DASI 552.3}
gug kyed {HT} mudram [=gug skyes];
wished {C}wherever it wishes
gug skyed {HT} mudram [=gug skyes];
{PU} mtr [=gug skyed] {PH}vocalic

ornaments
gar dod pa {C}yatreccham wherever
gar yang khyab pa ni
{PU} mtr {PH}vocalic ornaments
gug skyes {HT} mudram; {PU} mtr
chu zla lta buo pervading everywhere like a

moon in water
[=gug skyed] {PH}vocalic ornaments
gar log
{PH}Garlok (a small kingdom in

Nga-ri; western Tibet)
gal te if; in case of

gal te ... gyur {MV.I.21 v}ced bhavet if
it would be
gal na If...
gas dang glu tshig dang
bsgrig sgrig bsgrigs/ sgrigs/ arrange; put in

order
gung thang dkon mchog bstan pai sgron me; dkon

mchog bstan pai sgron me; gung thang jam dpal
dbyangs Gung-thang Kn-chog-tan-pay-drn-
sbrung {C} naka-itihsa {C}play
gi (as genitive particle) of; by; in; which. (as
gung {PH}middle; center

gung {PH}midnight
gung bsgrigs
73
may [1762-1823; aka Gung-thang Jam-pal-yang]

gung thang jam dpal dbyangs; gung
toward; exert oneself for; interest onself in; be

zealous; be intent upon {C}loves; attends to
gus par bya ba {C}satkti that which
thang dkon mchog bstan pai sgron me Gungthang Jam-pal-yang [1762-1823; also known as
Gung-thang Kn-chog-tan-pay-drn-may]
is to be respected {C}honoring
gus par bya ba yid la byed
gung bran communist

gung mo middle finger
gud du separately; apart
gud du gro bar gyur cig
pa {MSA}satktya-manaskra taking to mind

an object to be respected
gus par byed pa {L}darakra;

{MSA}satktya be respectful toward; exert
oneself for; interest onself in; be zealous; be
intent upon
{C}apakrmatu {C}may depart
gud du song bar gyur
gus par mi byed pa {L}andara
disrespect; be indifferent; neglect; not be intent

upon
song song song song {C}apakrmati

{C}go away; departs; takes his leave
gus byas {C}satktya (=r-paa-
gud na med [separate-in-not exist];
bandhdin vieapada-sthpant = maaldikarat) having respected {C}having honored
inseparable; not exist separately
guptai skabs {PH}Gupta-style

gur kum mdangs ldan {PH}
gus sbyor
ge sar {PH}flower bud

gegs {LCh}vighna; {L}vibandha obstacle;
saffron colored
gur khyim [tent-home]; abode
sbyar sbyor
sbyard sbyord intense application
{PH}
mansion [under] a tent; abode
hindrance; impediment; obstruction
gur gum saffron

gus respectfully; respect
gus pa {LCh,C}gaurava; {MSA,L}dara;
gegs byed {LCh}pratibandha
[hindrance-make]; hindrance; interference;

prevention; impediment
gegs su gyur pa {MSA}vibandhana;
{MSA}bahu-mna; {C}bhajati respect; devotion;

humility; be intent on {C}dignity; a title to
be respected; regard; care; trouble; bring to light;
loves; attends to
{MV}vibandha [hindrance-as-became];
hindrance; interference; prevention; impediment

darotpdana generate respect
gel pa {C}gulma {C}shrub

go {C}avaka understand; opportunity;
homage
go skabs {LCh,MSA} avaka chance;
gus pa bskyed pa
occasion; armor; (terminating particle indicating

the end of a statement). As verb: understand
{C}opportunity; occasion; room; occasion for
gus pa chen po {PH}great devotion

gus pai phyag {PH}respectful
gus par bya {C} bhajati be respectful

opportunity; chance to
go skabs byed par
mi gyur ba {C}(na) avaka dayanti not
74
go phang {LCh,MSA} pada position;
provide an opportunity/chance {C}they are

given no opportunity
go skabs ma mchis pa {C}
rank; state
go phang bla na med pa {MSA}
anavaka no opportunity; no chance {C}it

cannot be; impossible; no room
anuttara ... pada unsurpassed/highest position/

rank/state
go gyon te {C}sanahati put on armor;
go ba {LCh}gata; {LCh}avagama; {MSA}
wear armor {C}put on the armor
go gyon pa {MSA}sanahana put on
gamya;{MSA} ja (e.g.: udghaita-ja; vipacitaja); {MSA}bodha understanding
go bar byed pa {MSA}saprpti;
armor; wear armor
go bgos pa {MSA}sanahya put on
{MV}prpaa; {MV}saprpaa cause

understanding; communicate; cause to know/
comprehend; means of understanding
armor
go sgrub
bsgrub
go bar zad {MSA}gata reduced to/
sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {LCh}sanha-pratipatti

achieving through armor; achieving armor
exhausted as understanding
go gcig samna-dea ninety-one; same
go bar sla {MSA}subodha easy to
place
understand
go cha {C,MSA}sanha; {C}sannadhu
go byed {MV}pryaa; {MV}saprpti
armor {C}armor; armed with
means of understanding; that which causes

understanding; means of communication
go cha bgo dgos so {C}
go mi chod does not fulfill the role; does
sanahitavya must/should put on armor {C}

must put on the armor
not fulfill the meaning of; does not function as
go cha bgos shing {C}sannadhu
go ra {PH}Quran
go rams pa bsod nams
put on armor {C}armor
go cha chen po bgos so {C}
seng ge Go-ram-pa S-nam-seng-ge [1429-1489]
go rim {LCh}krama; {LCh,MV,MSA}
mah-sannha-sannaddha put on great armor

{C}armed with the great armor
go chai sgrub pa
anukrama; {MSA}nuprv order; series;

arrangement
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs sanhapratipatti achieving through armor; achieving

armor; achievement of armor
go chod fill the role; fulfill what it means to

be; perform the function
go tan
{PH}Go-tan [Khan] (Mongolian
go rim pa {C}anukrama [place-series];
order; series; arrangement {C}gradual action
bzhin du {MV}yath-krama in order; in

accordance with the order; respectively {C}in
due order; respectively
brjod rjod brjod rjod express in an easy to
understand form
effecting
go rim bzhin; go rim
Emperor)
go bde bar brjod
go rim du gradually
go rim du byed pa gradually
75
go rim bzhin du yathtram in order;

in accordance with the order; respectively
/ go rims bzhin / go
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs

sgrubs {MV}uttarottara-nirhra achieve
progressively higher [states]
gong bar gyur;
rims bzhin du respectively
gong bar mi gyur gyur

gyurd gyur gyurd {C}avalyate {C}becomes
cowed; be cast down; hide despondently in; does
(not) despond; (not) cow
go sa place; area; rank; station

go sa gnon nus pa capacity to
occupy/cover an area
gong bu {LCh}pia lump; mass

gong ma {MSA}upari; {C}uttri (?); rdhva
go sla easy to understand

gog yul {PH}Wakhan (Afghanistan)
gong {MSA}upari high; the above; price;
{GD:265} upper; superior; higher; emperor

{C}superior; {GD:177} vertical gong
mai spyi vertical-universal {GD:177}
value
gong chen greatly high

gong ma gong ma {PH}higher and
higher
gong du {MSA}uttara; {MSA}rdhva above;
earlier; upward
gong ma gong
mai lta ba go byed kyi stegs
gong du gro ba dang
blta lta bltas ltos platform for causing
ldan pai phyir {MSA}rdhva gamana-yogt
because of possessing progress upward
gong du brjod zin
understanding of views of the higher [schools]
gong ma bas ches gong ma
{L}uttarev uttama much higher than the high
brjod rjod brjod rjod already explained
above
gong ma sa {MV}uttrasu ... bhmiu
gong du bshad ma thag pa
high ground
gong mai skyed tshal
{MV}anantaram uktam explained just above/

immediately above
imperial garden
gong na {MV}rdhvam above; earlier;

previously; higher
gong na ma mchis pa {C}
niruttara; {C}uttapta none higher; unsurpassed

{C}unsurpassed; highest; most excellent; the utmost
gong na med pa {C,MSA}niruttara
none higher; unsurpassed {C}unsurpassed;
highest; most excellent; the utmost
stolid; despond; is cowed
gong sa {PH}His Holiness

gong gsal ltar {PH}as clarified
gom step
gom snyoms pa {C}sama-kramatva
uttarottara; {MSA}uparyupari from high to

higher; progressively higher
gong mai spyi {PH}vertical-universal

gong mo grouse
gong shing {C}salyate {C}becomes
above [in the text]
gong nas gong du {L,MSA}
gong nas gong du bsgrub pa
{PH}
{C}walks at an even pace
76
gom pa gcig bor bas saktapda-kepea with a single step
goms
goms/ goms/
goms/ goms/ {LCh}abhysa familiarize; become
accumstomed to; condition to; familiarization;
conditioning
yang dang yang du yid la byed pa goms na if one
familiarizes with taking to mind again and again
{MSA}vastra cloth; clothing; cover {PH}cloth;

clothes; clothing {C}garment; robe; strips of
cloth; cloth; cloak; robes
gos smyug poi rnam sbyar zhig
gsol ras su gnang dug, It is [said that he] gave
[him] a robe of brown cloth as a gift. {GCC} p.14
gos khyad par du phags pa

{MSA}vastra-vieaa special clothing; special
garment
goms dri conditioning; familiarization; gos chen ri mo {PH}brocade designs

accustoming
gos thum {PH}layer of cloth
goms pa {MSA}abhysa; bhvita; abysa
su
familiarize; become accumstomed to; condition
to; familiarization; conditioning; cultivate
la yang rgyus med pai dpe ring zhig gos thum dgu
tsam gyis dril nas dug; There was a long text that
was unfamiliar to everyone, having been wrapped in
nine layers of cloth. {GCG} p. 17
goms pa can abhysavat familiar;
conditioned {GD:734} trained perceptions

don goms pa can gyi
dbang mngon gyi tshad ma sense direct prime
cognition having a familiar object
gos dag {C} caila {PH}clothes

gos dag thor zhing {C}caila-
goms pai lam {C} abhysa-mrga
vikepamakru {C}wave their garments (?)
gos pa {LCh}upalipta; {C}lipyate; {MSA}
path of familiarization; path of conditioning
lepa; {MSA}nirlepa sullied; covered; polluted

{C}be sullied with; be polluted; change
{C}path of repeated meditational practice
goms par byas pas {C}
gos pa ma mchis pa {C}
sevana; {C}sevan; {MV}abhysa by having

familiarized/conditioned {C}cultivation;
tending; cultivation
anupalepa [covered-not-being]; not sullied; not

polluted; not covered {C}stainless; spotless
gos pa med cing {C} nirupalepa
goms bya yon tan {MSA}abhysagua quality to be cultivated
[covered-not-being]; not sullied; not polluted;

not covered {C}without a stain; stainless;
untainted
gou shambhi {PH}Kauambi

gor gor circle
gor ma chag par {LCh}avayam
gos pa med pa {C}nirupalepa; {C}
nirupalepat; {C}nirpalepa (=nirupalepa);

{MSA}nirlepa [covered-not-being]; not sullied;
not polluted; not covered {C}without a stain;
stainless; untainted; free from stains; untainted
without a doubt
gol ba {MSA}utpatha deviant; deviating

from the proper
gol sa place where one can go wrong; place

of possible error; place of deviance
gos {LCh,MSA,C}cvara; {C}ambara; {C}
caila; {C}prvaraa; {MSA}lipta; {MSA}vasana;
gos par gyur {C}lipyate be sullied/

covered/polluted {C}be sullied with; be
polluted; change
gos med [covered-not-being]; not sullied/

polluted/covered
77
gos dmar ba tmraaya red
bgyid bgyis gyis {MSA}lo; {MSA}(phal)

[imperative form]: do
garment/clothing
gos la sogs {MSA}cvardi clothing/ gyur
gyur/ gyurd/
gyur/ gyurd/ {LCh}as; {LCh}bh; {C}s
become; change; transform; arise; be {C}have;
had
garments and so forth
gos la sogs pa ... tshol ba
/ btsal tshol/tshel
btsal tshold {MV}cvardy-anveaa seek
clothing/garments and so forth
gyur cig
garments and so forth
gyur cing {C}upagacchati
gyurd/ gyur/ gyurd/ imperative verb: let it be/

become/change/transform/arise/be!; may it be!
gos sogs {MSA}cvardi clothing/

gya gyu ba {PH}dishonesty
gya gyu med pa {C}akuila
{C}come (to);
go to; be overpowered; approach; take to; undergo;
with negative: remain (un)aware of
gyur pa {C}upagata; {MSA}upagamana
{C}not
crooked
(e.g.: ek-bhvopagamana); {MSA}gata (e.g.:

aprameya-sakhy-gata); {MSA}gamatva; {C}
bhinno; {C}bhiy; {MSA}bhta (e.g.: agra-bhta);
{MV}pariata; {MV}praata; {MV}(vt): vartate;
{MSA}parvtti; {MSA}parivartana (e.g.: str-p
serve; is; become; change; transform; arise; be
{C}takes place; can be approached; has admitted
into himself; there would be
gya nom snang

snang snang snang snang {C}sud (dev)
auspicious/sublime appearance
gya nom snang ba
snang snang snang snang suda excellent

appearance
gya nom pa {LCh,C,L,MSA}prata
gyur ba {C}padyate; {C} bhavati become;
auspiciosuness; fine; auspicious; sublime {C}

sublime; fine; good to eat; superior; exalted
change; transform; arise; be {C}bring about;

undergo; show; feel; fall into; incur; put forth;
experience; becomes; stands; takes place; occurs;
comes about
gya noms pa prata auspiciousness

gya tshom du {C}sahas {C}hurries
gyad bu nor dravya mallaputra {PH}
gyur la ... yang gyur
gyar {PH}fragment
gyi (as genitive particle) of; by; in; which. (as
gyen upward
gyen rgyu upward moving; upward-moving
[wind]
bgyi/ bgyid/ bgyis/
gyen rgyui rlung upward-moving
gyis/ (as instrumental particle) by; by means of;

with; because.7 (as non-case particle corruptly
used in place of the non-case usage of genitive
particles) but; and; (semi-colon).7 (as imperative
verb form) do
gyis shig
bgyi
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {MV}bhtv

... bhavati became and becomes again; having
become, it again becomes
Dravya Mallaputra (an arhat)
gyis
gyur/
wind
gyen du {C}rdhvam; {MSA}urdhva

upwards {C}upwards
gyen du bteg cing {C}abhyutkipya

{C}having lifted up
78
grags chen bco brgyad
gyen du dren pa draw upward

gyen du phyogs {C}rdhva standing
eighteen [texts] of great renown [a Sa-kya

collection]{GD:309}
upwards; face upward; directed upward {C}

point upwards
gyes spread out

gyo hya dissimulation
gyo dum potsherd; sugar
gyo mo {C}kahalya; {C}pa
grags chen ldan {C}mah-yau
grealty famous; greatly renowned {C}greatly

famous
grags mchog {MSA}mah-yaas

supreme fame; supreme renown
grags rtags yang dag
{C}gravel;
correct sign of renown
stone
grags thob
gyon {MSA}prvta put on; dress; wear

gyon gyon pa {C}yath-vta wearing
grags pa {LCh,MV,L}prasiddha; {MV}
prasiddhaka; {LCh,C}krti; yaas; {MSA}pratta;

prttya; nman (e.g.: a-buddha-nman); ravita
(e.g.: svara-ruta-ravita) renown; renowned;
fame; notoriety; consensus; consensual renown
{C}brought about; accomplished; adorned;
celebrated
gyon byed {C}sanahant put on; dress;

wear {C}put on
{PH}[a Guru
Rinpoche cave]
grags pa rgya chen {L}vilakrti
grwa tshang monastic college

grwa sa bzhi the four [Ge-luk-pa]
Vilakrti [name of a Tathgata]
grags pa can krtimat renowned;
monastic colleges [Se-ra (se rwa); Dre-pung

(bras spungs); Gan-den (dga ldan); Tra-shihln-po (bkra shis lhun po)]
famous
grags pa thob pa
grwa sa gsum the three [Ge-luk-pa]
thob famous; attained fame
grag {MSA} anuravita
{PH}sound; noise
the three appearances, sounds,
and thoughts {YIA}
hetutva cause of fame/renown/notoriety
grags pai rjes dpag
grag stong dbyer med
prasiddhnuma; prasiddhaanumna inference

through renown
Definitions:
{PH}
inseparability of being audible and yet empty
mtshan nyid/ rang gi rten grags
{PH}sound;
rtags yang dag la brten nas rang gi gzhal bya sgra byung
noise
grags pa la mi slu bai zhen rig Def.: a determinative
grags {MSA}yaas; {MV}prasiddha(ka)
renown; renowned; fame; notoriety; established;

consensus; consensual renown
grags
grags pa tsam merely renowned

grags pai rgyu nyid {MSA}yao-
monastic colleges: [Se-ra (se rwa); Dre-pung

(bras spungs); Gan-den (dga ldan)]
grag pa {MSA}anuravita
grags pa thob
pa/ famous; attained fame
[continuously] {C}in a proper and correct

manner; fitly
grwa gyu sgang brag
{PH}
79
knower that in dependence on its basis, a correct

sign of renown, is incontrovertible with regard
to its object of comprehension, a terminological
suitability
grags pai rtags *prasiddha-liga grangs can pa {LCh}skhya

sign of renown
Skhya; Enumerators
grang ta cold; cool

grang nges precise/definite enumeration
grang ba {LCh,MSA}ta cold; cool
grang ba
grangs snyed
{PH}however many equal
in number (to)
grangs pa gaan counting

grangs pai ting nge dzin
gzung dzin bzung zungs
dang tsha ba la sogs pai sdug bsngal {MSA}

talodi ... dukha sufferings of cold, heat,
and so forth
meditative stabilization of counting
grangs ma mchis {L}asakhyeya
grang bai nad {PH}rheumatism

grang dmyal ba cold hell-being; being
innumerable; uncountable; countless;
immeasurable; incalculable; inestimable;

measureless; infinite
grangs med {MSA}asakhyeya
dwelling in a cold hell
grang srong i sage; seer

grangs {LCh,C,L,MSA}sakhy number;
[number-not existing]; innumerable;
uncountable; countless; immeasurable;

incalculable; inestimable; measureless; infinite
enumeration; calculation; computation;

reckoning; tally {C}calculation; counting;
numbering; definition; are counted as
grangs med gnyis ni
[number-by-not-cut-off]; not delimited in

number; innumerable; uncountable; countless;
grangs med pa {L,MV}asakhyeya
rdzogs pa rdzogs rdzogs

rdzogs rdzogs {MSA}dvyasakhyeya-sampti
two [periods of] countless [eons] finished/
completed/fulfilled
grangs kyis mi chod pa
innumerable; uncountable; countless;
grangs gro {C}sakhy gacchati

grangs bzhin {MV}yath-sakhyam
(=vyapadea gacchati) go in the count of;

reckon as {C}comes to be styled/called; derives
his name from; it gives sense to say; be reckoned
among; is called
according to the count/calculation
grangs las das pa innumerable

grangs su {C}gaan gantu-kmena;
grangs nges enumeration; definite

enumeration; limited number
{C} gaan {C}wants to be numbered among;

counting; count; enumeration
grangs nges definite/limited in
grangs su bgrang bar
number; numerically limited; all-inclusive;

comprehensive; enumeration
grangs nges pa
gtogs pa {C} sakhy-gaan pravia

included in numerical calculation {C}they have
transcended all counting
{PH}definite in
number
grangs su gro {C}sakhy gacchati;
grangs can skhya Skhya
{C} parisakhyta go in the count of; reckon as

{C}comes to be styled/called; derives his name
[Enumerator]
80
gru char fertile rain

gru chen {PH}vessel; confines; interior
gru bo {LCh}nva; {LCh}nau; {C}nvi {PH}
from; it gives sense to say; be reckoned among; is

called; reckoned up as
grangs su gro gyur ro {C}
parisakhyta go in the count of; reckon as

{C}reckoned up as
boat; ship
grangs su mchio {C}sakhy
gru dzin {PH}rudder

gru dzin bdag po
gacchati go in the count of; reckon as {C}

comes to be styled/called; derives his name from;
it gives sense to say; be reckoned among; is called;
reckoned up as
Potala (Avalokitevara)
gru zhig {C}bhinna-bhvo
gram sa {C}ujjagala {C}arid

gral {PH}status; series; rank
gral rked {PH}middle rank
gral stod {PH}front rank
gral mtho sa {PH}head of the row
gral og {PH}end of a row
gral rim {PH}line sequence
gral gsham {PH}lower rank
gras mtshungs pa {PH}order;
{C}who suffers
shipwreck
gru bzhi {LCh}catarasra square; fourcornered
gru gzings ship; boat

grub / grub
grub grubs/grub grubs sidh; {MSA,MV}siddha;

siddhi; {MSA}pti (e.g.: manorathpti) be
established; be accomplished; establish; exist;
achieve
grub jug gi blo
*viddhipravttibuddhi awareness/mind of
orderly fashion
complete/total engagement; awareness/mind

which engages [its object] in a complete/total
manner
grib defilement; filth; stain; contamination;

stroke
grub thabs
grib pa chy shade

grib pa rnam sel
/
grub grub grubs/grub grubs sdhana
means of achievement
grub mtha
sarvanvaraavikambh {PH}
Sarvanvaraavikambhin (p.n. of a bodhisattva)
grib pa med par {L}anvaraa
grub pai mtha
{LCh}siddhnta; siddhyanta tenet; established

conclusion; tenet system; system of tenets;
system; outlook in the ety I changed grub pai
to grub paam; check
undefiled; not filthy; without stain;
uncontaminated; without covering
dpal mchog grel pa chung ba slob dpon kun
grib ma {LCh}cchy; {MSA}chy

shadow
grims pa taut
gru {LCh}nva; {LCh}nau; {C}nvi boat; ship
{PH}angle; corner {C}ship
{PH}Lord of the
81
snying gis mdzad pa ma yin te/ de dang grub mtha

mi mthun pai phyir/ the shorter commentary
on the Glorious Paramdya was not composed
by nandagarbha because it does not accord in
outlook with his great commentary on the Glorious
Paramdya Tantra
gsang sngags kyi grub pai mtha
of Good Explanations [by Ngag-wang-pal-dan

(ngag dbang dpal ldan, b. 1797)]
rgya mtshoi pha rol du son pa [he] reached the

far shore of the ocean of secret mantra systems
Definitions:
grub
mthai rnam par bzhag pa rin po chei phreng ba

Precious Garland of Tenets [by Kn-chog-jigmay-wang-po (dkon mchog jigs med dbang po;
1728-91)]
sgra bshad/
lung rigs gang rung la brten nas thag bcad cing grub
grub mthai rnam bzhag
paam dam bcas pai don de nyid rang gi blo ngor tshul
de las gzhan du dor med pas na/ grub pai mtha zhes
*siddhntavyavasthpana presentation of tenets

[genre of literature]
brjod pa Contextual etymology: A tenet [literally,
an established conclusion] is a meaning that has

been decided upon and established or promised in
reliance upon scripture and/or reasoning and which,
from the perspective of ones mind, will not be
forsaken for so
grub mthas bslad pa

la ltos med du without relying on being affected
by tenets
grub dus /
grub grub grubs/grub grubs time of
accomplishing/achieving/establishing
grub mtha kun shes nas mtha bral sgrub pa zhes
bya bai bstan bcos rnam par bshad pa legs bshad
kyi rgya mtsho Ocean of Good Explanations:
Explanation of the Treatise Establishment of
Freedom from Extremes through Understanding
All Tenets [by the Translator Tag-tshang Shayrab-rin-chen (stag tshang lo ts b shes rab rin
chen; b. 1405)]
rang grub dus las dus
gnyis par mi sdod pa [a thing] will not remain for

a second period after its time of establishment
grub bde gcig

grub mtha dor ba forsake the tenet

[by holding a tenet contrary to it]
grub mtha rnam bzhi
{PH}four
systems of [Buddhist] tenets
ekayogakema one establishement and abiding;

same in terms of establishment and abiding
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ grub pa dus
mnyam/ gnas pa dus mnyam/ jig pa dus mnyam/ Def.:
those which are established simultaneously, abide
simultaneously, and disintegrate simultaneously
grub bde gcig pa ekayogakema
grub mtha smra ba proponent of
{PH}sameness in establishment and abiding
tenets
grub mtha rtsa ba The Root Text on grub bde rdzas gcig
Tenets [by Jam-yang-shay-pa which is the basis
for his own comentary called Great Exposition of
Tenets (grub mtha chen mo) in its short title]
grub mtha bzhii lugs kyi kun rdzob dang

don dam pai don rnam par bshad pa legs bshad
dpyid kyi dpal moi glu dbyangs Explanation of
the Conventional and the Ultimate in the Four
Systems of Tenets: The Spring Cuckoos Song
82
grubs one substantial entity of establishment

and abiding; one substantiality of establishment
and abiding; same substantial entity in terms
of establishment and abiding {GD:241}
simultaneous substantial identity; {572} one
simlutaneous substance
grub bde rdzas gcig pai yon tan qualities that
are the same substantial entity of establishment and
abiding
grub pa
grub par gyur pa rtogs pa
/ grub grub grubs/
grub grub grubs/grub grubs {L,MV}

siddha; {L,MSA}siddhi; samuprjita; {MSA}
nipatti; {MSA}nipanna be established; be
accomplished; establish; exist; achieve; existent;
establishment {C}power; succeed; accomplish;
stored up
grub pa
grub grubs {MSA}nipanna-bodha realize that

it has been established/accomplished/achieved/
completed
grub par gyur ba
grubs {C}siddhyanti; {L}siddhyeta establish;

accomplish; achieve {C}will succeed; become;
arise; come to be; perfect
grub grub grubs/grub grubs {TN}nipanna

established; perfected; accomplished; completed
grub pa kun thob par gyur grub par bya ba
grub pa dang bde ba
/ thob/thob thob thob

thobs {MSA}eti sarva-siddhim will attain all
feats/yogic achievements
/ grub grub grubs/grub grubs {L}
sdhya that which is to be achieved/established/

mastered/perfected
grub par mdzad
yoga-kema establishment and abiding
grub pa dang bde ba med pa

/ grub grub grubs/
grub grubs {C}ayoga-kema {C}surrounded by
troubles
grub pa dus mnyam/ gnas pa dus mnyam/
snang bai dbang shes snang

snang snang snang a sense consciousness to
which, in dependence upon having entered into a
boat, trees appear to be moving
... kyi sngon du gro bai bkra shis yin pa

grubs {MSA}siddhi-prvagama-magalatva
auspiciousness preceding a feat/yogic
achievement
gre po gnyan mischievous ghost spirit

gre mo ghost spirit
grel chung
grub
mtha {LCh}siddhnta tenet; established

conclusion; tenet system; system; outlook
don gsal; grel pa don gsal

bkral grel bkrald greld [Haribhadras]
Short Commentary: Clear Meaning (spuhrtha,
grel pa don gsal), or Commentary on
(Maitreyas) Ornament for Clear Realization,
Treatise of Quintessential Instructions on the
Perfection of Wisdom (abhisamaylakranm
{PH}general
tenets
grub pai lha
{PH}god of magical
accomplishment
grum pa badger
grum po {C}khaja {C}lame
grur zhugs pa la brten nas
grur zhugs la brten nas ljon shing gro bar
grub pa
grub pai mtha spyi
accomplished/achieved
zhug jug zhugs zhugs in

dependence on residing in a boat
jig pa dus mnyam/ established simultaneously,

abide simultaneously, and disintegrate
simultaneously
grub pai mtha
established; taken/treated as established/
83
grogs pa la dad che
aprajpramitopad
bar mi gyur gyur gyurd

gyur gyurd {C} (na) savsa-l (bhavati) {C}
she abstains from habitual cohabitation(?)
grel pa
don gsal; grel chung don gsal
abhisamaylakrloka [Haribhadras] Clear

Meaning Commentary (spuhrtha, grel pa don
gsal), or Commentary on (Maitreyas) Ornament
for Clear Realization, Treatise of Quintessential
Instructions on the Perfection of Wisdom (abhis
amaylakranmaprajpramitopadeast
gro ga birch
gro gcig {PH}one days journey
gro shod {PH}Troch [n. a district in Tibet]
gro lhug {PH}paunchy; chubby
grog sbu ant
grog mo {PH}ant
grog rong {PH}ravine; gorge
grogs grogs po/ grogs
{MSA}sahya; {C}bndhava; {C}mra friend;

companion; accompanier; assister {C}teacher;
adherent; advocate; maternal relative; Sir!
grogs po dra ba {MSA}mitra-kalpa

like a friend/companion/assister
grogs po
dman pa dag gis yongs bskor ba

bskor skor bskord skord {MSA}hnai
sahyai parivrita completely surrounded by
low friends/companions
grogs po las blangs pa {MSA}

mitrd tt taken from a friend
grogs por ngan pa {MSA}kumitra

bad/false friend
grogs bya ba la skyo ba

med pa {MSA}shyya-kriykheda without
discouragement concerning accompanying/
helping
pa/ {LCh,C,L,MSA}sahya; {LCh,MSA}mitra;

{MSA}sahyaka; {MSA}shyya accompanier;
association; concomitant; friend; companion;
assister
grogs byas [companion-done]; helped;
grogs gi rim gro byas pas
aided; assisted
grogs byed that which acts as an
{C}jvita-anugraha-karaa {C}help living beings
grogs ngan {MSA}asan-mitra; {MSA}
assister
grogs tshul khrims
kumitra bad friend
grogs mchog {MSA}sumitrat
dang lta ba mthun pa blta lta

bltas ltos {MSA}sabhga-la-di-sahyakatva
friend/companion with concordant ethics and
view
supreme/good friend; supreme/good friendship
grogs snying rje chen
pos zin cing affected by great compassion which

is its accompanier
grogs bzang po {MSA}susahyaka
grogs stobs {MSA}mitra-bala power
good friend/companion
grogs su gyur pa {MSA}sahyatva
of an accompanier/assister
grogs pa {L}sahya friend; companion;
friendship; became friend
grong
grong /
grongs/ grong / grongs/ {L}grma town/village.
accompanier; assister
grogs po {C,MSA}mitra; {C}sahyaka;
84
grol ba po
(as verb) die; one who has died

grol grold grol grold {MSA}mokt releaser;
liberator; freer; loosener
grong khyer {LCh,C}nagara; {C}pura; {L}

grma; city/town {C}town; abode, village
grong khyer dpe med
grol bar gyur
{PH}
Anupamamahpura (n. city in Kamir)
grol grold grol grold {MV}mukt syu

will release/free/liberate/loosen
grong khyer ba {MSA}paur city-person

grol bar byed
grong gi nang {C}grmnte inside a
grol grold grol grold {MSA}(muc): mocayanti;
town/village {C}in the neighborhood of a village
grong jug gi rnal byor
gla ba musk deer {PH}musk deer

glags {L}avatarati; {C}avatra; otru
{LCh}parakya-pravea-yoga yoga of entering

the dead
grong joms
(=avatra) opportunity; possibility {C}enter;

descend; penetrate; descent; opening; opportunity;
possibility; entry; phrase at; descent; opening
gzhom joms bcom choms grmaghtaka

Grmaghtaka; Destroyer of Cities [epithet of
iva]; destruction of city
glags rnyed gyur {C}avatru
grong dab na gnas pa {C}
labhiyati find a chance; gain an opportunity

{C}gains entrance
grmnta-vihrin {C}living near a village
grong rdal {C}nigama
{MV}vimocana release; liberate; free; loosen
glags rnyed par gyur {C}
{C}market town;
avaka labhate find a chance; gain an

opportunity {C}a chance with
market place
grong tshigs {L}grma city; village

glang {C}balvarda bull {C}bull
grong gseb pa villager
glang chen blang po che gaja;
{C}ibha elephant
grol grol grold grol
grold {C,MV}mukta; {MV}mukti; {MSA}vimukti;
glang thang pa Lang-tang-pa [a Ka{MSA}vimoka released; loosened; freed {C}
freed; let loose; delivered
grol nas
dam-pa Ge-shay reputed for never laughing]
glang po {L,MSA}hastin elephant

glang po che gaja; {C,MSA}hastin
grol
grold grol grold {C}mukta having released/

loosened/freed {C}freed; let loose; delivered
grol ba
elephant
glang po che khrul pa {MSA}
grol
grold grol grold {L,MV,MSA}mukta; moka;

{C}nirmukta; {MV,MSA}mukti; {MSA}vimukti
release; liberation; freedom; released; loosened
{C}freed; let loose; delivered; sundered from;
outside
grol ba nyid
bhrnta-hastin illusory elephant
glang
po che dang rtai tshogs la sogs pa dang dra ba
{MSA}hasty-ava-kydi-bhtatva similar to
herds of elephants and horses, etc.
glang po che la sogs pa {MV}
grol grold grol grold {C}muktat release;

freedom; liberation; loosening {C}freedom
hastydi elephants and so forth
85
glang po che la sogs
gling phran brgyad kyi mi
glang po chen po {C}mah-nga
gling phran ba rgyad
par med pa {MSA}hastitvdy-abhva without

elephants and so forth
humans of the eight small continents; humans of

the eight subcontinents
{C}great serpent
minor continent
glang po chen poi lta stangs
gling bzhi caturdvpa the four continents
blta lta bltas ltos {C}

ngvalokita (=mah-ngvalokita) elephantgaze; gaze of an elephant {C}elephant-look
[of traditional Buddhist cosmology]
gling bzhi gling phran brgyad
glang po chei sgra skad {MSA}
{PH}four major and eight minor temples
gling bzhi gling phran bcu
nga-svara-abd sound/bellow of an elephant
gnyis {PH}twelve major and minor continents
glang po chei gzugs {MSA}
gling bzhi pa {L}caturdvpaka four-
hasty-kti form of an elephant
glang po rin po che {MSA}hasti-
continent world-system
gling bzhi ma
{PH}four-sided; with four

sides At the gate
of Gyal Lhakhang temple is a stone pillar with four
sides. {GCG}
ratna precious elephant
glang poi rjes {C}hasta-pada footprint of an elephant {C}elephants foot
glang poi gzugs {MSA}hasty-kti
gling bzhii mi humans of the four
form of an elephant
glangs
continents
gling g.yog gam gling
blang / len/
phran brgyad {PH}eight attendant or minor

continents
blangs/ len/ {C}grahiyna take; get; grasp;

receive {C}would have taken
glan de jog pa
glu {C}gta song {C}song

glu gyan mischevious ngas
glu dbyangs {LCh}gta; {LCh}sagti;
{PH}resetting [the
3rd mental abiding (sems gnas)]
glal ba {C}vijmbhate yawn {C}yawn

gling {LCh,C}dvpa continent; island;
{MSA}sagti-gho pleasant song; song
glu dbyangs lta bui
location [as of a monastery] {C}island
gling kha park

gling dang gling phran
sems bskyed mind-generation like pleasant song
glu bsen mo evil female nga

glegs {C}pustaka book {C}book
glegs bam {LCh}pustaka; {C}puste; {C}
{PH}[four]
continents and [eight] minor continents
gling phran {PH}island; minor continent

gling phran brgyad {Rigzin} aa
pusta [boards-what is gathered]; book; volume
glegs bam du chud par {C}
kudradvpni eight small continents [of

traditional Buddhist cosmology] {PH}eight
minor continent
{PH}eight
pustaka-gata included in book {C}has got it

from a book; from a book
86
glegs bam du bris nas {C}
glo bur dri bral gyi cha factor of
glegs bu page; label

gleng brjod brjod
glo bur dri bral gyi myang
pustaka-likhit ktv written in a book {C}

written down in a book
freedom from adventitious defilements; factor of

being separated from adventious defilements
das {PH}nirvana that is free from momentary

defilement
rjod brjod rjod {LCh}nidna introduction;

specific teachings
glo bur rnam dag gi cha factor
gleng gzhi {LCh}nidna introduction

gleng gzhii sde {L}nidna
of adventitious purity
glo bur ba {MSA}kasmika; {MSA}
gantuka adventitious; sudden; temporary
introduction; specific teachings
glengs
gleng / gleng /
glengs/ glengs/ {C}vyprita talk; say; mention;

express; propound {C}set to work
glengs pa
gleng /
adventitiously/suddenly arisen
glog {C}vidyuta; {C}vidyut; vidyuj-jyotis
glog gi rjes gro ba
{C}stunned;
glo side; proximity

glo mkhan chen
bsod nams lhun grub Lo Ken-chen S-nam-hlndrup{GD:ix}
glog gyu {PH}flash of lightening

glog gyu ba {PH}flash of lightening
glog lta bui ting nge dzin
{C}vidyutopama lightning-like meditative
stabilization
glo ba dga/ dga/ dga/ dga/ take joy (in);

delight (in)
glod pa
{MV}gantukatva; kasmika adventitious;

temporary; sudden; circumstantial
dgag
glod pa/ glod pa/

glod pa/ glod pa/ {MSA}samavaghta loosen;
relax; release; set free
glo bur {MSA,MV}gantuka; gantakumala;
dgag gog bkag
khogs negate; stop; refute; block; limit
glo bur gyi dri ma adventitious
dgag sgrub refutation and proofs

dgag sgrub gnyis
defilement/stain {PH}adventitious defilement
glo bur du {C} gantuka(m) sudddenly;
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs the two

negative [phenomena] and positive [phenomena];
the tworefutation and establishment; the
tworefutation and proof
adventitiously; temporarily {C}(something)

adventitious
glo bur du byung ba

dgag sgrub byed
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs refutation

and establishment; refutation and proof
gantukatva adventitiously/suddenly arisen
{PH}
lightning-like
senseless idiot; stupid
glo ba dga

byung byung byung byung {MV}gantukatva
lightning {C}lightning flash
gleng / glengs/ glengs/ {MSA}prvdhikta talk;

say; mention; express; propound
glen pa {C}jada stupid
glo bur byung ba
87
dgag bya bkag pai
refutation and establishment
dgag pa
dgag gog
med gag {PH}non-affirming negation that is the

negation of the object of negation
bkag khogs {LCh,MSA}pratiedha negation;

negative; negative phenomenon; refutation;
cessation
Definitions:
dgag bya khyab ches pa too
mtshan nyid/ rang dzin rtog pas rang gi dgag bya
extensive object of negation/refutation
dgag bya gog pai rtog
dngos su bcad pai tshul gyis rtogs par bya ba/ Def.:
pa a conceptual consciousness that [merely]

refutes an object of negation
an object realized by the conceptual consciousness

apprehending it in the manner of an explicit
elimination of its object of negation.
dgag bya ngos bzung ba

identifying the object of negation
Divisions: dbye ba/

1 ma yin dgag 2 med dgag Div.: (1) affirming
negative; (2) non-affirming negative
dgag byai chos *pratiedhya-
dharma predicate to be negated; predicate of

the negandum
dgag pa dngos
dgag gzhi basis of negation

dgag gzhi can gyi chos
su rtogs pai tshad ma

rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs direct perception
explicitly realizing a negative phenomenon
Definitions:
mtshan chid/ dgag pai rnam pa
shar nas dgag pa la gsar du mi bslu bai rig pa Def.:
a knower newly incontrovertible with respect to a
negative phenomenon upon the aspect of a negative
phenomenon appearing [to it]
phenomenon which has a basis of negation

dgag bzhag spong
gsum; khrul ba dgag pa rang lugs bzhag pa de la

rtsod pa spong ba the threerefuting [others
mistakes], establishing [our own system], and
dispelling [objections with respect to our own
system]
dgag pai sgra negative word/term
dgag pai rnam pa shar nas dgag pa
dgab
bkab/ khob/ {MSA}vasana cover; spread over
la gsar du mi bslu bai rig pa a knower newly

incontrovertible with respect to a negative
phenomenon upon the aspect of a negative
phenomenon appearing [to it]
dga {C}prti; priya; rati; {MSA}rata; {C}
nanda; {C}paritoayati; {C}sukha; {MSA}(mud):

modate; {MSA}muda; {MSA}moda; {C}sph joy;
happiness; liking {C}joyous; remains contented;
kind; dear; ease; pleasure; happiness; happily;
longing
dgag
par gyur pai ldog pa rigs gcig pa negative

phenomena which are the same isolate type
dga bgyid
dgag bya {LCh}pratiedhya; niedhya
bgyi
bgyid bgyis gyis {C}sphti {C}emit radiance
negandum; object of negation; object negated;

object stopped; that which is to be negated;
object to be negated
dga mgu {PH}immense joy

dga mgur arbitrarily
dga ston {LCh}utsava festival; fest;
dgag bya bkag pa negative of
the object of negation; negation of the object of

negation
dgab/ gebs/
party {PH}festival; party
88
delighted; delight in
mkhas pai dga ston festival for the wise
dga ba bskyed pa
dga dang ldan pa {MSA}rati-yukta

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed prty-utpda
endowed with joy/happiness
generate/produce/engender joy/happiness
dga ldan {LCh,C}tuita; {MSA}sphvat;
dga ba khyad par can
{C}tuita-deva Gan-dan; Joyous Place; Joyous

Land; [name of a Buddhist pure land]; Gan-dan
(Joyous) Monastic University [name of one of
the large monasteries of the Ge-lug-pa order in
Tibet founded by Tsong-kha-pa in 1408] {PH}
Tuita [Joyous, fourth of the six Desire Realm
Heavens]; Ganden Monastic University [one of
the three large monastic universities in Lhasa/
Mundgod]; Ganden [Government]
{PH}a
special joy
dga ba nyams su myong ba

{MSA}sukham anubhavati experiencing joy
dga ba thob pa
thob/thob thob thob thobs {L}prti;

{L}prti-lbha attain/obtain joy/happiness
dga ldan khri pa holder of the
throne of Gan-den [head of the Ge-luk-pa order]
dga ldan gyi gnas na gnas pa la sogs
dga ba dang bde ba {C}prti-
sukha; prti-sukhado; joy and bliss {C}rapture;

zest and joy; which gives joy and ease
dga ba dang bde ba
bskyed pa bskyed skyed

bskyed skyed {MSA}prti-sukha-sajanan
generate/produce/engender joy and bliss
pai sprul pa nges par ston pa

bstan ston bstand stond {MSA} tuitabhavana-vsdi-nirma-nidarana definite
display of emanations such as that dwelling in
the Joyous Land
dga ba dang
bde ba yang dag par myong ba {MSA}prti-sukhasavedana thoroughly experience joy and bliss
dga ldan gyi gnas na dga ba dang ldan {C}hrmat

bzhugs pa {MSA}tuita-bhavane vasati; {MSA}
tuita-bhavana-vsa dwelling in the Joyous Land
dga ba dang ldan pa {MSA}prti-
dga ldan gnas la sogs par skye bar kun tu ston pa

{MSA}tuita-bhavandy-upapatti-sadarana
thoroughly displaying birth in the Joyous Land
and so forth
sahagata joyous; possessing joy; endowed with

joy; happy
dga ba dang bral ba
med pa {C}avirati not separated from joy/

happiness; not devoid of joy/happiness {C}no
discontent
dga ba {MSA,C}priya; preman;
{MV,MSA,C}prti (=lokottara- dharma-paryei

= saumanasyam); {C}rata; udbilya; moda;
udagra; tua; (=sneha); {L}nandi; nandana;
priyat; supriya (e.g.: bahujana- supriya); mudit;
nanda; rati; rma; modana (e.g.: anamodana);
m rejoice; like; joy; happiness; liking; prefer;
incline toward {C}joyous; satisfaction;
happiness; elated; contented; dear; kind; zest;
rapture; affection; love; sympathetic joy; delight;
joyous; possessing joy; endowed with joy; happy

{C}modest
dga ba dang mtshungs

par ldan pa {MSA}rati-saprayukta having
similar association with joy
dga ba dang yid bde skye
ba {C}prti-saumanasya-jta generate/produce/
engender joy and mental bliss {C}exultant
and glad; full of zest and gladness; overjoyed and
enchanted
89
dga ba sdud pai yid
dga bai ro {MSA}prti-rasa taste of
byed bsdu sdud bsdus

sdus ratisagrhaka-manaskra mental
contemplation of joy-withdrawal
joy
dga bai bsam pa {MSA}
muditaya joyous thought; thought of joy
dga ba
dga bar {C}udagra; {C}prta joyous;
ni bde ba dang mi bral bai rnam pa yin {MSA}

mudit sukhviyogkr joy has the aspect of
[wishing for] non-separation from happiness/
pleasure
happy {C}elated; full of zest; glad
dga bar gyur ro
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}ramate

(=bhakti karoti); {C}sphaya become joyful
{C}enjoy oneself; delights in; have joy; to be
envied; enviable; desirable
dga ba spong ba

spang spong spangs spongs {C}rati-jaha
abandoning/forsaking joy {C}forsaking delight
dga ba byed pa {C}rati-kara; {MSA} dga bar byed pa {MSA}varjana;

mudityata {C}giving (joy)
dga ba med {C}arati joyless; absence

of joy; without joy/pleasure {C}not content; no
content
{MSA}(pr): prayati; {MSA}premay; {MSA}

rajikatva; {MSA}satui-karin take delight
dga bar mi bya ba {L}anabhirati

not take joy
dga ba yid la byed pa {MSA} dga bar mi byed {L}apayti not

take joy; not take delight
pramoda-manaskra; {MSA}prya-manasikra;
{MSA}rati-manaskra; {MSA}sph-manaskra
mental contemplation of joy; joyous mental
contemplation; taking joy to mind
dga bar tshim par byed
{MSA}(pr): prayati satisfy; joyously satisfy
dga bar mdzad pai
dga ba yongs su smin pa
tshul gyis {C}saharayama-rpa in the

manner of making joyous {C}with a thrill
{MSA}ruci-paripka thorough maturaion of joy
dga bai khyad par bskyed dga bas gnas pai phyir
pa bskyed skyed bskyed
skyed {MSA}tui-vieotpdana generate a
particular/specific/instance/type of joy
{MSA}raty viharat due to abiding with joy;

due to abiding joyously
dga bo
dga bai rgyu {MSA}tui ... hetu
{PH}Nanda (p.n. of a monk during

the time of the Buddha)
dga byed {C}pramodayti make happy
cause of joy
dga bai rgyu nyid {MSA}rati-
{C}makes happy
dga byed pa {MSA}( mud): modate
hetutva cause of joy
dga bai mchog {MSA}prti ...
[mi dga byed pa = {MSA}udvejana] make happy
dga tshal {C}ramya-vana
agry supreme of joys; supreme joy
dga
bai rang bzhin can bde bai rang bzhin can {C}
priya-rpa-sta-rpa {C}dear and pleasant forms
(things would be better)
{C}
delightful forest
dga zhing {C}nirata; {C}ramate
(=bhakti karoti) enjoy; like {C}take delight

in; enjoy oneself; delight in; have joy
90
dga rab dbang phyug Lord of
dge bsnyen ma upsik female
Love; demonic Lord of Love
approacher to virtue; laywoman
dgu nava; {C}kukit nine; all {C}belly

dgu pa {L}nava; {MV.V.28}navama; {MSA}
dge dang mi dge bskyed
ubhubhdhi generating virtue and non-virtue
navam ninth
dge bdun dkon
dgu po the nine; all nine

dgung (1) sky; space (2) middle
dgung grangs {PH}age (hon.)
dgung nam space; sky; mid-space
dgung spar {PH}trigram
dgung seng vacation; holiday
dgun sgang {PH}period of winter
dgun chung {PH}late-winter [season]
mchog rjes su dran pa recollection of the

spiritual community jewel
dge dun {LCh,L,C,MSA}sagha; sagha
[virtue-aspire]; community member; spiritual

community; assembly; aspirants to virtue {C}
crowd; group; assembly; congregation
slob pa phyir mi ldog pai dge
dun irreversible aspirants to virtue who are [still]
learners
dge dun dkon mchog

Spiritual Community Jewel
The time [of
dge dun grub Gen-dn-drub [the

first Dalai Lama (1391-1474)]
the seasons] mid-winter, late-winter, and spring

increases gradually with each minute, second,
and instant. {A4C-C}
dge dun rgya mtsho Gen-dn-gyatsho [the second Dalai Lama (1476-1542)]
dge {L,MV}ubha; {L}kuala; {L}kalya
dge dun rjes su dran pa
virtue; virtuous; wholesome good; merit;
{PH}mindfulness of the Sangha
lovely; pleasant; helpful
dge dun nyi shui mdo stra
dge rgan teacher

dge rgyas pa {C}ubhakts (dev)
passages on the twenty members of the spiritual

community
dge dun phal chen pa
{C}ubhakts (gods)
dge bcui las kyi lam {MSA}
mahsghika Mahsghika; Great Assembly

School
daa-kuala-karma-patha path of the ten

virtuous actions
dge dun zhal grangs
{PH}
census of the sagha; head-count of the sagha
dge chos {MSA}kuala ... dharma
dge ba {LCh,C,L,MSA,MV}kuala;
virtuous doctrine
dge bsnyen {LCh}upsaka approacher

to virtue; layperson with vows; lay practitioner
dge bsnyen dang
dge bsnyen ma gnyis the twolaymen (upsaka)

and laywomen (upsik) with vows
91
{C,L,MSA,MV}ubha {C}(=praasta); {C,L,MSA}

kalya; {MSA}kalya; {MSA}ukla virtue;
virtuous; wholesome; virtuous factor {C}
wholesome; good; lovely; pleasant; merit;
Definitions:
helpful(ness); lovely
mtshan nyid/ lung du bstan pa gang zhig rang
dge ba dag ni sgom pa
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms
bras rnam smin bde ba byin byed kyi rigs su gnas pa/
Def.: that which is (1) indicated [as a virtue] and

(2) abides in a type bringing forth happiness as a
fruition which is its own effect
{MSA}kualasya ca bhvan meditatively
cutlivate virtues
dge ba dang ldan pa {MSA}ubhin
dbye ba/ 1 dad pa/ 2 ngo tsha shes pa/ 3 khrel
Divisions:
virtuous; endowed with virtue; possessing
virtue
yod pa/ 4 ma chags pa/ 5 zhe sdang med pa/ 6 gti

mug med pa/ 7 brtson grus/ 8 shin tu sbyangs pa/
9 bag yod pa/ 10 btang snyoms/ 11 rnam par mi
tshe ba/ Div.: (1) faith (raddh); (2) shame (hr);
(3) embarrassment (apatrpya); (4) non-attachment
(alobha); (5) non-hatred (advea); (6) non-ignorance
(amoha); (7) effort (vrya); (8) pliancy (prasrabdhi);
(9) conscientiousness (apramda); (10) equanimity
(up
dge ba goms pa {MSA}ubhbhysa
las {MV}kualkuala-karman; {MV}ubhubhakarman virtuous and non-virtuous actions
dge ba dang mi dge bai las
kyi lam dang dei bras bu rnam pa sna tshogs shes

pa {MSA}kualkuala-karma-patha-tat-phalavaicitrya-jna knowledge of the various aspects
of virtuous and non-virtuous paths of action and
their effects
dge ba dod pa {MV}kuala-ruci
cultivate virtue; become asccustomed to virtue
dge ba sgom pa

bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {MSA}ubha-
desiring virtue; wishing virtue; wanting virtue
dge ba dpag tu med
bhvan meditate virtue; meditatively cultivate

virtue
dge ba sgrub pa
dge ba dang mi dge bai
pai gnas {MSA}ameya-ubhatraya source of

immeasurable virtue
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}ubha-
dge ba phel ba {MSA}kuala-
{MSA}kualbhinirhra-nimitta aspect of
dge ba bya ba {L}kalya helpful;
vivardhana; {MSA}ubha-vddhi increasing

virtue
nirhra achieve virtue; accomplish virtue
dge ba sgrub pa rnam pa
good; lovely
achieving virtue
dge ba bcui las kyi lam {C}

daa-kuala-karma-path paths of action of the
ten virtues {C}ten ways of wholesome action
dge ba chos {L}kuala-dharma
dge ba bla na med pa la
sgrib pa {MV}ubhnuttaryvaraa obstructing

unsurpassed virtue
dge ba ma yin {L}akuala nonvirtue; non-virtuous; unwholesome
dge ba ma bsags pa {MSA}
virtuous/wholesome doctrine/phenomenon
dge ba jug dod {MSA}ubha-
anupacita-ubha; {MSA}ubhe ... anrabdhv

non-accumulation of virtue
vttau ... aya wish to engage in virtue
dge ba gnyis {MSA}ubha-dvaya two dge ba mi bskyed pa

virtues
kualasynutpatti ungenerated virtue; not

generating virtue
92
dge ba mi zad bya bai
accumulated virtue
dge ba ... mngon par dga
phyir {MV}kualasykayya in order not to

extingtuish virtue
{MSA}ubhbhirmat manifestly liking virtue
dge ba zhan pa {MSA}ubha-daurbalya dge bai grogs po {MSA}kalyamitrat virtuous friend; spiritual guide
weak virtue
dge bai chos {L,MSA}kuala-dharma;
dge ba yang dag len du
jug {MSA}ubhe samdpayate (sic) cause to

assume pure virtue
dge ba yid la byed {MSA}ubha-
manaskra taking virtue to mind; contemplating

virtue
dge ba rab tu sbyor ba
dge bai chos kyi gtso bo
{MSA}kuala-dharma-prdhnya chief/principal/
main of virtuous qualities/practices/phenomena
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}
dge
kuala-prayoga thoroughly engaging in virtue
dge ba la god pa
{MSA}kuala ... dharma; {MSA}kuala-mla;

{MSA}dharma ... kuala; {MSA}ubha ... dharma
virtuous/wholesome qualities/practices/
phenomena
bai chos sgom pa la bar chad med par brtson

pa {MSA}kuala-bhvan-nirantarbhiyoga
uninterrupted effort at meditative cultivation of
virtuous qualities/practices/phenomena
dgod god bkod god {MSA}kuala-
pratihpana establish/set in virtue
dge ba la jug par dod

pa {MSA}kuala-pravttich (sic) wishing to
engage in virtue
dge bai chos can {C}kalya-
byed pai phyir {MSA}kuale pravartant

because of engaging in virtue; in order to engage
in virtue
dge bai chos thob bo
dharmin having the quality of virtue; having

the attribute of virtue {C}virtuous/lovely in
character
dge ba la jug par

dge ba la sbyor ba
{MSA}kuala-dharma-lbha attained virtuous
dge bai chos sdud
pai tshul khrims bsdu sdud

bsdus sdus {MSA}kuala-dharma-sagrahakala ethics that is the composite of virtuous
qualities/practices/phenomena
niyojant training in virtue; endeavoring in

virtue
dge ba la ma zhugs pa
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {MSA}
dge bai chos spel ba
kuale prayukt not engaged in virtue
dge ba la gzhol ba {MSA}kuala-
spel spel speld speld {MSA}
kuala-dharma-savardhana increasing virtuous

nata tending to virtue; flowing to virtue
dge ba bsags pa {MSA}
dge bai chos phel
kualcaya; {MSA}ubhcaya virtue

accumulated
bar gyur ba {MSA}kuala-dharma-vddhigamana increasing virtuous qualities/practices/

phenomena
gang {MSA}ubhcaya-prapra filled with
thob/thob thob thob thobs
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}kuale
dge ba bsags pas rab
93
dge bai chos phel
virtue
dge bai rtsa ba gcod pa
bar byed pa {MSA}kuala-dharmbhivddhi

increasing virtuous qualities/practices/
phenomena
{MSA}kuala-mla-samucchedana cutting roots

of virtue; severing roots of virtue
dge bai rtsa ba nyam chung
dge bai chos la
ba {MSA}kuala-mla-daurbalya weak roots of

virtue
goms par byas pa {MV}kualadharmbhysa

accustomed to virtuous qualities/practices/
phenomena
dge bai chos la sbyor ba
dge bai rtsa ba
dpag tu med pai gnas {MSA}aprameya-kualamlraya source of immeasurable roots of

virtue

kuala-dharma-yojana endeavoring at virtuous
dge bai rtsa ba dman pa
dge bai chos su snang ba
{MSA}hna-kuala-mla low/lesser roots of

virtue

{MSA}kuala-dharmbhsa appear as virtuous
dge bai rtsa ba yongs

su ma smin pa {L}aparipakva-kuala-mla
unripened/unmatured roots of virtue
dge bai gnyid {PH}virtuous sleep

dge bai phyogs {L}kuala-paka
dge bai rtsa ba
yongs su smin pa {C}paripakva-kuala(-mla)

thoroughly ripened/mature roots of virtue {C}
virtuous/wholesome roots are mature
class of virtues; class of virtuous qualities/

practices/phenomena
dge bai me tog
dge bai rtsa
rgyas shing gsal ba {C}ubha-pupita-uddhi

broad and bright flower of virtue {C}sweetly
blooming purity
ba yongs su smin par byed pa {MSA}paripcan

kuale thoroughly ripening/maturing roots of
virtue
dge bai rtsa ba {L,MSA,MV}kuala-
dge bai rtsa ba bsags
mla; {MSA}kuala-dharma virtuous root;

wholesome root; roots of virtue
pa {MSA}upacita-kuala-mla; {MSA}kualamlopacaya accumulated roots of virtue
dge bai rtsa ba kun
dge bai tshogs {MSA}kuala-
tu chad pa chad chad

chad chad {MSA}samucchinna-kuala-mla
thoroughly annihilated roots of virtue;
thoroughly severed roots of virtue
sabhra; {MSA}ukla-gaa collection of virtue
dge bai yon tan {MSA}gua ...

ubha virtuous quality; quality of virtue
dge bai rtsa ba bskyed pa
dge bai las rnams byed pa
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed
{MSA}ubha-karma-krin performing actions

of virtue
{C}avaropita-kuala-mla growing roots of
viture; generating roots of virtue {C}one who

has planted wholesome roots
dge bai rtsa ba rgya che ba
nyid {MSA}kuala-mulaudryatva vast roots of
94
dge bai las lam {C} kuala-
karma-patha path of virtuous action {C}

wholesome path of action
dge bai lo tog {MSA}kuala-mla-
virtue
dge byed pa {MSA}ubha-kara making
sasya; {MSA}kuala-sasya harvest of virtue
dge bai lo tog skyes
virtue
dge sbyong
pa joms pa gzhom
joms bcom choms {MSA}utpanna-kuala-mlasasya-dhvasana destroying harvests of virtue
that have been generated
sbyong sbyangs sbyongs {L}rmaa one

engaged in virtuous endeavor recluse; ascetic
dge sbyong ma yin

sbyang sbyong sbyangs sbyongs {C}
dge bai lo tog rgyu mtshan
armaa not engaged in virtuous endeavor

{C}ceases to be a recluse
{MSA}ubha-sasya-nimittatva signs of harvest of

virtue
dge bai bshes gnyen
dge mi dge gang
du lung du ma bstan pa
bstan ston bstand stond neutral; not indicated/
revealed as either virtue or non-virtue
dge bshes {L,MSA,MV}kalya-mitra

spiritual guide; spiritual friend; virtuous friend;
virtuous spiritual friend {PH}virtuous friend;
spiritual guide good friend
dge bai bshes gnyen
dang ldan {C}kalya-mitra-sahita one who has

a sprititual guide; possessing a spiritual quide
{C}one who has a good friend
dge bai bshes
gnyen dang mi ldan pa {MV}kalya-mitravaidhurya not having a spiritual guide; one who
does not have a spiritual guide
dge bai bshes la nye

bar brten {MSA}satya mitram uprita
relying on a spirirtual guide
dge bai sems
kuula-mla virtuous/wholesome root(s); roots

of virtue

dbye ba/ 1 ma chags pa/ 2
Divisions:
dod chags med pa/ 3 zhe sdang med pa/ 4 gti mug
med pa/ Div.: (1) non-attachment (alobha); (2)
non-desire (arga); (3) non-hatred (advea); nonignorance (amoha)
dge rtsa ci rigs
{PH}whatsoever
das {PH}[nirva which is] a passing beyond the

sorrow of the severance of virtuous roots
dge rtsa thun mong ma yin pa
{PH}
uncommon root of virtue
virtuous mental factors
dge tshul ramaera novice; novice
dge bai sems byung

bcu gcig {PH}eleven virtuous mental factors
monastic
dge bai bsam pa {MSA}
kalyaya virtuous thought; thought of virtue
dge bar bya ba {C}kalya acting

virtuously {C}helpful(ness); lovely; good
dge tshul gyi phyir bcos
{PH}
Buddhist monastic discipline for a novice
dge tshul gyi slob dpon
{PH}
novice preceptor
dge tshul gyi bslab

pai gzhii mdo ikapada-stra {PH}Stra
{MSA}kualair vardhayanti increase through
dge bai rtsa ba
dge rtsa chad pai myang
mind
dge bas phel bar byed pa
dge rtsa
roots of virtue
{PH}virtuous state of
dge bai sems byung
sbyang
95
dge slong dang dge slong ma
of the Basic Points of Novice Monastic Training

(ikapada-stra)
/ bslang slang /slong
dge tshul bslab pai gzhi
bslangs slongs {MSA}bhiku-bhiku monk and

nun
mdo ikapada-stra {PH}Stra of the Basic

Points of Novice Monastic Training (ikapadastra)
dge slong du shes pa

dge mtshan {PH}virtuous signs

dge la bag yod {MSA}
slongs {C}rmayat {C}honoring recluses
dge slong ma
/
bslang slang /slong bslangs slongs bhiku
kualpramatta conscientious with regard to

virtue
nun
dge la yang dag par spro
dge slong ma yin
bslang slang /slong bslangs slongs
ba {MSA}utsha kuale samyak delighting in

virtue; taking enthusiasm in virtue
{C}abhiku non-monastic {C}cease to be a
dge lugs Ge-luk

dge lugs pa Ge-luk-pa [school of
monk
dge slong mai bslab bya

{PH}monastic rules for nuns
dge slob rmaa training in virtue;
Tibetan Buddhism founded by Tsong-kha-pa Losang-drak-pa (tsong kha pa blo bzang grag pa)];
Ge-luk-pa order
ascetic; novice monk
dge legs virtue and goodness

dge bshes; dge bai
bshes gnyen/ {LCh}kalya-mitra [virtuousfriend]; spiritual guide; ge-shay; ge-she [a

person who has completed the scholastic phase of
monastic training]; geshe
dge sems khyad par can
dge sogs gsum the three: virtue
sadhi; abhipretya; {MSA}abhiprya; {C,L,MSA}

(sadh): sadhya thought; thinking;
thinking of; hidden meaning; intention; notion
{C}hidden intent; with hidden meaning
thought
and so forth
bslang slang /slong bslangs slongs {C}bhiku; {L}

rmaa [virtue-beg]; monastic; monk; nun
{PH}mendicant recluse; ascetic
Mendicants
and renunciants should avoid these two extremes.
{TWS}
dge slong gi sdom pa
dgongs grel; dgongs pa nges par grel pai mdo

sadhinirmocana-stra [thought-unravel];
Sadhinirmocana-stra; Stra Unraveling the
Thought [title of a third-wheel stra considered
to be definitive by the Mind-Only School];
commentary on the thought
dgongs nyams experiential

perspective
slongs {MSA}bhiku-savara monastics vow
dge slob ma rama female novice

dgo ba antelope
dgongs; dgongs pa {L}
dgongs grel commentary on the
{PH}especially virtuous state of mind
dge slong
96
dgongs te {C}sadhya thinking of;
behave towards(?); thinks to himself
thinking; in consideration of; intending {C}

hidden intent; with hidden meaning
dgongs pa bzhi catvro bhipry
dgongs te bshad pa set forth
four thoughts
dgongs pa rab gsal
with a thought behind it
dgongs pa {LCh,C,MSA}abhiprya; {L}
Illumination of the Thought [Dzongka-bas commentary on Chandrakrtis

Madhyamakvatra, Illumination of
the Thought, Extensive Explanation of
(Chandrakrtis) Supplement to (Ngrjunas)
Treatise on the Middle (dbu ma la jug pai
rgya cher bsha
abhipryika; {C}samanvhra; {MSA}anusadhi;

{MSA}abhisadhi; {MSA}aya; {MSA}bhva;
{MSA}sadhi; abhipreta consideration; exalted
consideration; thought; thought behind it;
standpoint; intent; perspective {C}intent(ion);
desire; purpose; attempt (to hurt); veiled; indirect;
with hidden meaning; grace(?)
dgongs pa bkral ba
dgongs pa shin tu zab {MSA}

bhvtigahana very profound thought
dgongs pai skad {CG} sadhy-
bha {PH}implied speech
commenting/commentary on the thought;
dgongs par {C} samanvharati
unraveling the thought
(=bhavaty-rpea-avadhrat) {C}his mind

is impressed by; consider; bring out; bear in mind;
bring to mind; behave towards(?); thinks to himself
dgongs pa nges par grel pai mdo; mdo sde

dgongs grel bkral
grel bkrald greld {MV}sadhinirmocana-stra
[thought-unravel-stra]; Sadhinirmocanastra; Stra Unraveling the Thought [title of a
third-wheel stra considered to be definitive by
the Mind-Only School; P774, Vol. 29]
dgongs par gyur {C}
samanvharati {C}his mind is impressed by;

consider; bring out; bear in mind; bring to mind;
dgongs par snang ba
dgongs pa can {MSA}abhipryika
snang snang snang snang appears to

be the thought
having another thought [behind it]; having a
thought behind it
dgongs par mdzad {C}
dgongs pa can gyi don {MSA}
samanvharati {C}his mind is impressed by;

abhipryikrtha meaning that has a thought

behind it
dgongs pa rtogs pa
dgongs gzhi basis in [Buddhas]
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MV}
thought; [factual] basis in Buddhas thought
abhisandhi-pravea realization of the thought;

realization of the thought behind it
dgongs gzhi dang
dgongs pa der bab pa
dngos la gnod byed the basis in [Buddhas]

thought and the damage to what is explicitly
taught
thought comes down to that
dgongs pa mdzad de {C}
dgongs su gsol please pay heed
samanvharati consider; take under

consideration {C}his mind is impressed by;
97
bdag la dgongs
dgon pa {C,MSA}araya; {C}rayaka;
su gsol ni/ tshig la snyan gtad cing don nges par

dzin pa dang bcas pas rnam par gzigs shig pao/
Please pay heed to me means hear [my] words
and definitely grasp their meaning, and therefore
means watch [over me]!{Dor 45a2./ 273.2}
dgod
{C}rany monastery; forest; hermitage {C}

remote forest; jungle; wilderness; forest dweller;
belonging to the forest; in the remote forest
dgon pa dang nags dab {C}
dgod god bkod
araya-vanaprastha {C}jungle
dgon pa nags khrod chen
god set/state/establish/arrange/register/make
a record/place [on throne]/put [a signature];
laugh; smile; make laugh/smile
po {L}arayamahvana-prastha great forest;

hermitage in a great forest
dgod pa
dgod
god bkod god {C}niveana; {C}pratihpayati
(=ghtn sthirkarat = vinayaset) set/state/
establish/arrange/register/make a record/place
[on throne]/put [a signature]; array; affix; make
laugh/smile {C}house; entering on; show respect
to; establishes; introduces to; transfers to; builds;
places; deposits in; bestows
dgod par bya
dgon pa pa {C}rayaka
dgon pa la gnas pa {C}arayavsa forest-dweller; dwelling in monastery

{C}dwelling in the forest
dgon pa lhur byed cing {C}
araya-parama {C}one completely devoted to

life in the remote forest
dgod god bkod god {C}sthpayati set/state/

establish/arrange/register/make a record/place
[on throne]/put [a signature]; affix; array; make
laugh/smile {C}to place (in); discard(?); to store;
affix; to fix; deposits; to put up
dgod par bya
dgon pai thig le {GC-GT}
arayetilaka {PH}Drop of wilderness [n. of

a tree]
In any case, it is like [the name] Drop of
wilderness etc. .... {PP} D 3860; fol. 4a.1-.2
dgon pai lam {C}kntra-mrgi
dgod god bkod god {C}pratihpayitavya set/

state/establish/arrange/register/make a record/
place [on throne]/put [a signature]; array; affix;
smile; laugh; make smile/laugh {C}should
establish
dgod par byao
{C}wilderness
dgon dben spyod pa

spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}raya-viveka-
dgod god bkod god {C} pratihpayeyam set/

place [on throne]/put [a signature]; array; affix;
smile; laugh; make smile/laugh {C}I could
establish
dgon {PH}wilderness
dgon {PH}lord
dgon rnying {PH}ancient monastery
cri {C}one who courses in the detachment of the

remote forest
dgos {C}krya; {MSA}prayojana must;
need; purpose; necessity; need to; necessary

{C}work; business; function; task
dgos ched kyi sgra dative case

[term of purpose or benefit]
dgos pa {LCh,MSA}prayojana; {C}ktya;

{MSA}krya [yid ches par bya dgos pa = {MSA}
pratyetavya] purpose; aim; necessity; need;
must; should; intention {C}duty; necessary

Most all of the ancient Kadampa monasteries are
filled with stupas. {GCG}
{C}forest-
dweller; belonging to the forest
98
dgos pa chung
{PH}minor
Victor; Foe Destroyers and Solitary Realizers
dgra bcom pa
consideration
dgos pa ltos pai grangs
gzhom joms bcom choms {L,MSA}arhat; arhan

Foe Destroyer; Worthy One
nges definite enumeration in terms of purpose;

definite enumeration relative to purpose
dgos pa thams cad byed pa

{MSA}sarva-krya-karaa effecting all purposes/
aims
dgos pa byed do {C}krya karoti
dgra bcom pai mkhyen pa
mkhyend exalted knower of a Foe Destroyer
dgra bcom bras gnas
performs its purpose {C}does its work
arhattva-phalastha ; arhattvaphalasthita abider

in the fruit of Foe Destroyer
dgos pa byed nus pa {C}krya-
dgra bcom zhugs pa

zhug jug zhugs zhugs arhattva-
samartha able to perform its purpose {C}

capable of doing; business
dgos pa med pa {MSA}niprayojana
pratipanna ; arhattvapratipannaka approacher to

Foe Destroyer
without purpose; without need
dgos pa yongs su grub
dgra bcom rang rgyal
dgos pa shin tu yongs
dgra bcom rang rgyal
pa ktynuna; {L}ktynuhna thorough

achievement of the purpose; thoroughly achieve
ones purpose
{C}raha-pratyaya Foe Destroyers and Solitary

Realizers
su rnyed pa {C} supariprptakrya {C}one who

has well done his work
dgos pai dbang by the power of
dgyes pa prasda; {L}anumodita; {MSA}
{C}multitude of enemies
dgra bo {C}pratyamitra enemy; foe
knta to be pleased (hon.); rejoiced
dgra {LCh}ari; {LCh,MSA}ripu; {LCh,L}atru;
dgra boi du shes {MSA}amitra-
saj discrimination of [someone as being] an

enemy/foe
dgra boi du shes su byed
gzhom joms bcom choms arhan; arhat; {MSA}

arihan Foe Destroyer; Enemy Killer
pa {MSA}atru-saj-karaa discriminating
[someone as being] an enemy/foe
dgra byed {C}amitra one acting as an

Unadorned Foe Destroyer
enemy; foe; enemy {C}foe
dgra bcom dang rang rgyal
{C}raha-pratyaya Foe Destroyers and Solitary
{C}
inimical force; foe
{C}pratyarthika foe; enemy {C}provokes

hostility; hostile forces
dgra bcom rgyan med
theg pa gzhom joms

bcom choms {C}raha-pratyaya-yna vehicles of
Hearers and Solitary Realizers
dgra rnams {C}trava enemies; foes
necessity; through the force of a purpose
dgra bcom
99
dgra byed mang ba {C}bah-matro

having many enemies/foes {C}full of many
hostile forces
bgo ba {C}prvaraat; vastra clothing
dgra mang ba yin te {C}bahupratyarthikni-bhavanti {C}provoke much

hostility; surrounded by much hostility
{C}upper garments (of a monk)
bgo gzhi basis of infusion

bgyi bgyi bgyid bgyis
dgram pa arrange; set out; spread out

dgrai dbang du song ba
gyis do; perform; make; act
song song song song {MSA}atru-
bgyi ba
bgyi bgyid
bgyis gyis {C}krya do; perform; make; act;
manufacture {C}work; function; business; task
vaa-ga come under an enemys power
dgrol {C}mocayanti (=mociya) loosen;

release; free {C}release; liberate; set free
dgrol ba {C}pramocana; {C}parimocayati

release; free; looosen {C}liberation; set free
bgyi ba ma mchis pa

bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {L}akaraya
not something to be done
dgrol bai phyir {C}parimocayati in bgyid

order to release/free; because of releasing {C}
set free
bgad
bgyi bgyid bgyis
gyis do; perform; make; act; manufacture
bgyid pa
bgyi bgyid
bgyis gyis {C}kriya do; perform; make; act;
manufacture {C}something to be done
bgad dgod
bgad dgod laugh; smile; make laugh or smile
bgegs {LCh,MSA}vighna obstacle;
obstructing force; obstructing entity; obstructor;

interference; evil interference; interfering being
bgegs gtor
{PH}Gektor [torma
offering to an obstructing being]
bgyis
bgyi bgyid bgyis
gyis do; perform; make; act; manufacture
bgyis par gyur

bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}satkaroti do;
perform; make; act; manufacture {C}treat with

respect; revere; honor
bgegs byed pa {MV}vibandhana

act/serve as an obstacle/interference/evil
interference
bgrang {C}gaaye; {C}sakhyeya count;
unobstructed; without obstacles/ interference

{C}without fail
bgrang ba {C}gaan; {MSA}sakhy
bgegs ma mchis pa {C}avighena

bgegs med pa {C}avighena
bgrang ba las
{PH}types of obstructing
spirits
bgo skal la spyod pa

spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}dyda
partake of/enjoy the share
bgo ste {C}savibhajati (=tvatklikatvena
yang dag par das pa {C}gaan-samatikramat

thoroughly passed beyond enumeration {C}
they have transcended all counting
bgrang bar dod pas wish to

count
bgrang yas [number-lacking];

numberless; uncountable; countless;
dant) share; divide up {C}share (out)
count; number; calculate; compute; reckon;
enumerate; tally; numerate {C}counting;

enumeration
unobstructed; without obstacles/ interference

{C}without fail
bgegs rigs
number; calculate; compute; reckon; enumerate;

tally; numerate {C}calculation
100
please; make happy; gladden {C}elated
incalculable; inestimable; immeasurable;

mgu ba {C}udagra; {MSA}dhti please;
bgrangs count; number; calculate;
make happy; gladden {C}elated
mgu bar gyur ba {MSA}rdhana;
compute; reckon; enumerate; tally; numerate
bgrangs pa
{MSA}(tu): toayati will please/make happy/

gladden
dang gzhal ba dang brtags pa

brtag rtog brtags rtags {MSA}gaitatulita-mmsita counting and measuring/
comprehending and analyzing
mgu bar byas te {MSA}varjya (

vj) having pleased/made happy/gladdened
mgu bar byas te dzud do
bgro ba {C}sagti {C}chorus

bgro bar byed pa {C}sagyamna
{MV}varjyvatrayati having pleased enter;

enter pleasingly
mgu bar byas pa {C}rdhayati
(=paraspara grantha-artha-nirayt) {C}

chanting
bgrod
(cittam) pleased; made happy; gladdened {C}

gladden
/ bgrod
mgu bar byed pa {MSA}varjana;
bgrod/grod bgrod bgrod {L}yna progress; get

along; advance; proceed; travel; go; traverse;
vehicle
{MSA}(yang dag mgu bar byed = sardh)

please; make happy; gladden
bgrod dka
mgu bya {C}toiyi that which is to be
bai lam la kun tu zhugs pa

zhug jug zhugs zhugs {MSA}durga-mrgasamrha entering a path difficult to traverse
pleased {C}I will please
bgrod thub pa can progress/get along/

advance/proceed/traverse
bgrod pa
bgrod bgrod/grod bgrod bgrod {LCh}ayana;

{C}gati progress; get along, advance, proceed;
travel; go {C}going; route; destiny; resort; where
it has gone to; means of salvation; route; departure;
situation; place of rebirth; goal
bgrod pa gcig pai lam
{MSA}ekayna-patha; {MSA}ekayna-mrga path

of sole progress; path of sole passage; path of the
one vehicle
bgrod par bya ba {MSA}ytavya
{C}murmuring;
counsel
mgu {C}udagra; {MSA}(tu): toayati
beginning; top; Mgairas [Indian constellation]

bsdu
bai dngos po bzhis shin tu bsdus pai mgo dang
ldan pa, He has a powerful head that gathers
others through the four ways of attraction. {LVS} =
1-02-00087-H96-SID000113
mgo gcig tu {L}ekika certain; for

sure
mgo gcod pa {C}ira (c)cheda;
ra-ccheda cut off the head; decapitate {C}

decapitation; his head is about to be cut off
something to be traversed/progressed over/

proceeded over/travelled
bgros pa {C}mantrita
mgur {C}grv {C}(nape of the) neck

mgul ba neck
mgul srung {PH}protection amulet
mgo head; top; beginning {PH}head; start;
mgo mjug beginning and end

mgo mjug pa {PH}beginning and
end; two ends
101
sgrub
mgron gnyer las byed
thabs kyi mgo mjug thams cad All the means of

achievement from beginning to end ...
mgo dang rkang lag {C}ira-
hasta-pad head, legs, and arms; head, feet, and

hands {C}head, hands, and feet
mgo nag [head-black] laity; lay person

mgron bu shell [cowries, that is, small

shells used as dice]
gag
gag gag
gags gags {L}(nirudh): nirodha; {L}niruddha

be stopped/obstructed/destroyed/ceased/halted
mgo smos pas go ba/ mgo smos pas go ba ma

yin pa {C,MSA}udghaita-ja understands
through mentioning the beginning and does not
understand through mentioning the beginning;
those who... {C}(un)acquainted with the main
points; understands as soon as the main points are
mentioned
gag pa
gag pa med
gag gag gags gags {L}anirodha not be

stopped/obstructed/destroyed/ceased/halted
gag pa med {L}anirodha
{C}benefactor; savior
{PH}
ceaseless; without hesitation
gag pa med pa
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}ntha-karin act as a

protector {C}one who protects; protector
{PH}ceaseless;
without hesitation
mgon bcas pa {C}santha having a gag bya

protector {C}they have to help them
gag
gag gags gags object stopped/obstructed/

destroyed/ceased/halted
mgon po {LCh}ntha protector;
gag med
benefactor
mgon por gyur ba
gag gag gags gags {LCh,MV}(nirudh);

{LCh,L,MSA}nirodha; {L}niruddha; {C,MV}
nirudhyate be stopped/obstructed/destroyed/
ceased/halted {C}stopped; destroyed; obstructed
mgo tshugs begin; start

mgon {C}ntha protector; benefactor
mgon bgyid pa
{PH}
assistant to the chamberlain (4th rank)
gag gag gags gags {LCh}aniruddha without

cessation; unimpeded {PH}ceaseless; without
hesitation
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}nthakaraka {C}which make him into a savior
gags
mgon med pa {L}antman
gag
gag gags gags {C}niruddhiya; {L}niruddha;

{L}nirodha be stopped/obstructed/destroyed/
ceased/halted {C}is stopped
protectorless
mgyogs por fast; quickly; soon

mgrin pa {LCh}grva neck; throat (hon.) gags pa
mgrin pa ye mi mngon pai

{PH}neck
khro gzugs di dag nyams shin tu legs mod, ... The

impression [made by] these [paintings of] forms
of the wrathful deities in which their necks are not
visible may be very good, but ... {GCG} p.15
mgron chen
{PH}chamberlain (2nd rank)
102
gag
gag gags gags {L,MSA}niruddha; {L}nirodha
gags med
{PH}ceaseless; without
hesitation
gangs
{PH}importance
gan khur gyi dge rgan
those which are different and phenomene of which a

common locus is not possible
{PH}
teacher who bears responsibility
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 phan tshun spang gal/ 2 lhan
gcig mi gnas gal/ Div.: (1) contradictory in the
sense of mutual abandonment; (2) contradictory in
the sense of not abiding together
ga zhig {LCh}kacid some

ga rab very many; quite a few
ga shas several; a few
gal {MSA}viruddha; virodha; virodhitva;
gal ba ltar snang lnga
vilomayati (vi-loman) contradict; contradictory

with; mutually exclusive with
five facsimilies of contradiction
gal ba med {MSA}aviruddha non-
gal rkyen [contradict-condition];
contradictory; no contradiction
contrary condition; contradictory condition;

discordant condition
gal khyab rnal ma contradictory

normative pervasion Check Kathy
gal khyab phyin ci log

perverse negative pervasionCheck Kathy
gal brjod thal gyur
gal
viruddha-hetu;{GD:276} viruadhahetu GD looks

mistaken; check his source contradictory reason
{GD:276} contradictory evidence, a form of
faulty reasoning
gal bai tshig {Toh.1785}
gal bar byed {C}prativahati; {C}
virodhayati contradict {C}opposes; to obstruct;

contradict; bring into conflict with
gal bar byed pa bya ba {C}
dus skyon med jig rten dpe las das pa without

the flaws of a combination of contradictions,
beyond worldly examples
gal spong gi dris lan
gal bai gtan tshigs
viruddhlpa {PH}contradictory words
brjod rjod brjod rjod contradictory

consequence
{PH}
virodhayati {C}opposes; to obstruct; contradict;

bring into conflict with
gal bar byed/ gal
gal ba {LCh,C,MSA}virodha; {L,MSA}
gal me firebrand
gal med myur du bskor
spang spong spangs spongs
bar mi byed {C}virodhayati {C}opposes; to

obstruct; contradict; bring into conflict with
question about contradiction and answer
disspelling contradiction
viruddha; {C}rodha; a{MSA}virodhitv; {MSA}

vilomayati (vi-loman) contradictory;
contradiction; mutually exclusive; mutually
exclusive phenomena {C}obstruction; conflict
dngos po dang gal ba
contradictory with [functioning] thing
rigs can gsum
gyi bsgom byai gtso bo gal ba yin te the main
of the objects of meditation of the three lineages
Definitions:
are contradictory
mtshan nyid/ khyod
tha dad yang yin/ gzhi mthun mi srid pai chos/ Def.:
ba la brten nas gal med khor lor snang bai dbang

shes bskor skor bskord
skord sense consciousness to which a firebrand
wheel appears in dependence upon quickly
turning a firebrand
gal zla {LCh}pratidvandin contradictory

object
103
gugs pa attract
gul ba {C}calayati move; vibrate
{C}
gengs
dgang
gog pa rjes shes subsequent
gengs bkang gengs fill; fulfill; satiate
gengs pa
knowledge with respect to cessation [of the

origins of suffering]
dgang gengs bkang gengs fill; fulfill; satiate
gog pa mthong
go {MSA}avabodha head; top; beginning

go ba {MSA}avasabodha; {MSA}gamika
spang nyon mongs bcu {PH}ten afflictions to

be abandoned by the path of seeing [related to the
Noble Truth of] Cessation
head; top; beginning
go bai nad {C}upasarga
gog pa rjes bzod subsequent

forbearance with respect to cessation [of the
is moved along
gog pa dang lam gyi
{C}
bden pa {MSA}nirodha-mrga-satya truths of

cessation and of path; true cessations and paths
misfortune; troublesome
go rtsom begin; initiate

gog pa med pa {C}aniruddha
go log Go-lok [an area in Am-do]
non-cessation; not stopped; not ceased {C}not
stopped
gog dgag gog bkag
khogs {LCh}(nirudh); {MV}nirodha cease;
gog pai snyoms jug
stop; negate; refute
nirodha-sampatti meditative absorption of

cessation; absorption of cessation
gog rgyu
dgag
gog bkag khogs that which is to be stopped/
refuted; object negated/refuted
gog pai bden pa {MV}nirodhasatya true cessation; truth of cessation
gog cing spong dod
gog pai nus pa capacity to stop/
byung wish to cease and abandon it arises
cease
gog snyoms nirodhasampatti
absorption of cessation; meditative absorption of

cessation
gog bden
gog pai
bden pa nirodha-satya true cessation; truth of
cessation
gog pa {L,MSA,MV}nirodha; {C}nirodhi;

{C}nirodhika; {C}niedha; lam gog pa = {MSA}
paripantha cessation; stopping {C}which
stops; inadmissible; refrain; repudiation
ceases; refutes {C}rejects
gog byed negator; that which stops

god dgod god bkod
god {C}vyaya (= nirodho); {C}sthpana; {MSA}
(nivi): niveayati; {MSA}niveyate set; state;
{C}passing away; fall; establishment
god pa
gog pa chos bzod doctrinal
dgod god
bkod god {C}niyojana; {C}prasthpayati; {MSA}

pratihpana; {MSA}ropaa; {MSA}saniveana
set; state; establish; arrange; register; make
a record; place [on throne]; put [a signature];
array; affix {C}enjoining; set going
forbearance with respect to true cessation
gog pa chos shes doctrinal

knowledge with respect to cessation [of the
gog par byed {C}pratikipati stops;
104
god par byed
{C,MSA,MV}vikra; {MSA}vikrit; {C}sambhava;

{MSA}cacal; {MSA}vrajati (e.g.: buddhatvam
u vrajati); rgyags par mi gyur ba = {MSA}
madnanugamana; mir gyur ba = {MSA}
manua-bhta; vikriy change; mutate; become;
be; come to be; transform; grow; translate;
translation {C}transformation; evolution; come
to; incur; alteration; source; there can be; possible
origin; make possible
dgod god bkod god {C}prasthpayati

array; affix; cause to set, etc. {C}set going
god tshul
dgod
god bkod god mode of statement
gying high-and-mighty
gyur gyur gyurd
gyur gyurd {LCh}as; {MV}syt; {LCh}bh; {MV

V.daa-vaj}bhavati; {L}parima; {MSA}(nigam):
nigacchati; {MSA}yti vikti; {MV,MSA}vikra;
{MSA}vrajati; {C,MV}prpnoti; {C}arcchati; {C}
hu; {C}upaiti; {L}abhyupaiti; {L}padyate; {C}
gata; {C}savartate; {C}bheyanti translation;
will (future); will be; will become; to become;
might be; about to be; change; mutate; become;
be; come to be; transform; grow; translate
{C}becoming; evolution; transformation; change;
provide; is; approach; come to; run through; get
to; implies; undergo; bear; admits of; will become;
come to; incur; attains; gains; bring about; grow;
gone (to); reached; (is) conducive to; lead to (a rebir
gyur khyad different translation;
{C} visavdayati {C}go back on; break ones
word/promise
gyur ba med pa
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}avaivartika;
{L}akraka; {C}avikra; {L}anabhisaskta

immutable; unchanging {C}irreversible; does
nothing; without an agent; not effected; not brought
about; free from conditions; without modification;
immutability; immutable
unchangeable {C}equal in remaining unaffected

by change
/ gyur gyi phyag / gyur

phyag translators homage
gyur gyurd
gyur gyurd {C}savartayati {C}will lead to

viparima-dukhat [change-of-suffering];
suffering of change; suffering of vicissitude
gyur ba os pa ma yin
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {MSA}
na bhavitum arhati (bh) not suitable to change
gyur bai chos can
viparima-dharmin having the attribute/

qualilty of change {C}liable to reversal
gyur bai sdug bsngal
gyur phyag byed pa make

viparimadukat suffering of change/
vicissitude
translators homage
gyur ba
gyur
gyurd gyur gyurd {L}parima; {L}abhyupaiti;
gyur ba mi slu ba mod kyi
{C}nirvikra-sama equal in being immutable/
homage
gyur pai sdug bsngal
{L}avaivartika; {L}akraka; {L}avikra; {L}

anabhisaskta immutable; unchanging
{PH}translators
gyur te
gyur ba med par mnyam pa
difference in translation
gyur gyi phyag
gyur ba ma mchis pa
105
gyur bai bye brag
gyod par byed {MSA}kauktyyate
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd parimaviea type/instance of transformation
gyur tshul
cause to be contrite/to feel regret/to feel sorry/to

be remorseful
gyur
gran sems {PH}competitiveness

gram {C}tira bank of a river; riverbank
gyurd gyur gyurd how it comes to be
gyur tshod
gyur zhing
{PH}length of translation
{PH}banks; shores {C}riverbank; shore
gyur
gyurd gyur gyurd {C}upaiti {C}approach; come

to; run through; get to; implies; undergo; bear;
admits of
gyed pa {C}vivda
contention;
disputation; wrangling; dispute{C}
{PH}race
{C}jaws
gras pa {C}aparddha
{C}one who has
offended; offend
grig pa put together; fit in/together with
gyed par {L}sacodayanti impel

gyed par byed {C}vighte {C}
(as in since this does not fit together with the

statement...); make correspond
quarrel with
gyel ba {C}patana {C}fall; falling

gyogs pa jva rapidity
gyod {LCh;L;MSA}kauktya; {C}vipratisrin;
{MSA}vipratisra {PH}contrition
gyod pa {LCh,L,MSA}kauktya; {C}
vipratisrin; {MSA}vipratisra contrition; regret;

feeling sorry; remorse {C}regrettable; remorse;
regretful; one who regrets
gyod pa med pa {MSA}akauktya;
grig lam {PH}regulation; rule

grib {C}parihyate; {C}hni decrease;
diminishment; diminish {C}is diminished; fails

of; avoids; desists; diminish; decrease; lose; fail to
win; failure; diminution; decrease; waning; loss
grib pa {L}apacaya; {C}parihi; hyate;

{MV,MSA}hni; {MSA}hrsa diminishment;
decrease; diminish {C}removal; take away;
diminution; loss; never fails; is decreased; is
diminished; fail
grib pa med {C}ahna; {MV}ahna(t)

non-diminishment; non-decrease {C}cannot
diminish
{MSA}avipratisra lack of contrition/regret/

feeling sorry/remorse
gyod pa med pa la
sogs pai rim {MSA}avipratisrdi-krama stages

of non-contrition/regret/feeling sorry/remorse
and so forth
gyod pa med par
grib pa med pa {MV}ahna(t)
non-diminishment; non-decrease {C}cannot

diminish
grib par bgyid pa {C}hrika
diminish; make diminish {C}which takes away
grib par ma byas pa {L}
chi bai dus byed pa {MSA}avipratisr kla

karoti undergoing the time of death without
contrition/regret/feeling sorry/remorse
aparihi not diminished; not decreased never

diminish; will never lose again
gyod pai sgrib pa {MSA}
grib med {C}ahni non-diminishment;
kauktyvaraa defilement of contrition/regret/

feeling sorry/remorse
gram pa {C}hanu cheek
not diminished {C}do not diminish
106
grim
grim/
grim/ grims/ grims/ wander; rove; walk about
grims grul {PH}transport

grims pa
sdhaka that which accomplishes; accomplish;

cause to accomplish/achieve/establish
grim/ grim/ grims/ grims/ wander; rove; walk

about
gris
rgya rje gris Ling

Dynasty [502 - 557 ce] of China
grub
grub grub grubs/grub grubs {L}
nipdana; {C,MV,MSA}nipatti {C}(=parinipatti

= parinipadyate); {MSA}parinipatti (e.g.:
dharma-kya-parinipatti); samddhi; sapatti;
sapdana; {MSA,MV}siddhi; yang dag par grub
pa - {MSA}samudgama establish; achieve;
exist; accomplish {C}accomplish; accomplished;
accomplishment; (reach) consummation; creation;
total reality; comes to completion
grub pa dam pa


{C}nipatti (=parinipatti = parinipadyate)
accomplish; achieve; establish {C}
grub grub grubs/grub grubs want/

wish/seek to accomplish/achieve/establish
grems
dgram/
grems/ bkram/ khrems/ arrange; set out
grel
bkral grel
bkrald greld comment on; interpret; elucidate;

explain
grel rkang
grel chen Haribhadras Great

Commentary
grel chen dri med od
grel pa

grubs {MSA}samudgama that which is to be
accomplished/achieved/established

through extending the previous reasoning);

apply
mahbhya vimalaprabh [Kalki Puarkas]

Great Commentary on the Klachakra
Tantra: Stainless Light (bsdus pai rgyud kyi
rgyal po dus kyi khor loi grel bshad rtsa
bai rgyud kyi rjes su jug pa stong phrag
bcu gnyis pa dri ma med pai od ces bya ba,
vimlaprabhnmamlat
accomplishment; (reach) consummation; creation;

achieves; comes to completion
grub par byed
grus zeal; enthusiasm; diligence

gre extend (as in these can be known

bkral grel bkrald greld basis for commentary/
exposition/elucidation/explanation/discussion
{MV}nipatti-paramat highest/excellent/holy
achievement
grub par bya ba
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}

nipatti-lbha attained through achievement/
practice
sdhaka; {MSA}siddhi (e.g.: artha-siddhi)

accomplisher; that which accomplishes; means
of accomplishing/achieving/establishing
grub par dod
/
grub grub grubs/grub grubs {L}
grub grub grubs/grub grubs {MV}prasidh-;

{MSA}(sidh): sidhyati; yang dag par grub
= samudgata establish; achieve; exist;
accomplish
grub par gyur ba
grub pas thob pa

grub byed
grub pa
bkral
grel bkrald greld {LCh}vtti; {L}nirmocana;
{MV}bhya commentary; exposition;
elucitation; explanation
107
grel par gsungs so it is said in gro don rab tu dod pa {C}

jagad-artha-kmo intensely wishing for the
welfare/weal/aims of transmigrating beings
{C}keen on the welfare of the world
the commentary
grel byed
bkral grel bkrald greld commentator;

elucidator
grel bshad
gro lding pa {Pagel; Dharani 2007;

p.163} dramidha {PH}Dravidian
gro na {C}prakrmati if go; when go
bkral grel bkrald greld k explanation of

[someone elses] commentary; commentarial
explanation; explanatory commentary;
subcommentary
{C}functions; proceed; go away; set out for; take

their leave
grel bshad tshig gsal
{PH}
[Dharmamitras] Clear Words; An Explanatory
Commentary [on (Maitreyas) Ornament for Clear
Realization]
gres rkang basis for extending; basis

for exposition/explanation
gro {LCh}gam;
y; {L,MV}gati; {C,MV}
gamana; {MV}ga; jagat; {C}gamiyanti;
calate; upayti; sakramaat; sakrmati;
anbhikramaa; avakrnti; carati; caran; (vraj):
{MSA}ytr; vrajati; vrajate; dehin verb: go;
become; serve (as in serving as vitality and
exertion); act7 noun: transmigrator; goer
{C}move away into; passing on; to pass on;
transmigrates; pass away from; come along;
approach; submit to; come to; going (to); motion;
walk; pursue; they will go away; courses; walks;
coursing; destiny; birth; going; route; going out;
entrance; descent;
gro skyabs
gro phan jagad-dhta helping
transmigrating beings {C}well-disposed

towards the world
gro ba {L,MV,MSA,C}gati; gant;
{L,MV,MSA,C}gamana; {C}gacchati; {MSA}

upaga; {MSA}ga (e.g.: pra-ga); {MSA}gmit;
{MSA}gmin; {C,MSA,MV}jagat; {C}jagat; {C}
sakrmati; {C}prakrmati; {C}abhikramaa;
{C}avakrnti; {C}vrajate; {MSA}yti; {MSA}
yna transmigrator; transmigration; going; go
away from {PH}transmigration; rebirth {C}
goes; go away; walk; go through; come to; journey;
the journey will bring to; the world; to pass on;
transmigrates; pass away from; come along; going
out
All these worldy beings are led
to this and that transmigration by their actions and
afflictions. {A4C-C}
gro ba kun {MSA}sarva-jagat all

transmigrating beings; all the world
gro ba lngar khor ba {C}
{PH}refuge of
paca-gatika cycling/travelling in the five

transmigrations {C}with its five places of
rebirth
transmigrators
gro nyams degenerated from
gro ba thams cad dul ba

gro nyid {C}gmitva {C}moving towards
{PH}Sakalajagadvinaya
gro don {C}jagad-arthya; {C}jagrtha
gro ba drug a-gati six
proceeding
welfare/weal/aims of transmigrating beings

{C}weal of the world
transmigrations six destinies
gro ba dul ba
gro don {C}jagrtha welfare/weal/aims
Sakalajagadvinaya
of transmigrating beings {C}weal of the world
108
{PH}
gro ba po {MSA}yt goer;
go; cause to go/depart {C}move forward
transmigrator
gro ba ma mchis pa {L}agamana

not go; not transmigrate; not go away
gro ba med do {C}visarati not go;
not transmigrate; not go away {C}disconnect
gro bai dge bai lo tog
gro med {C}anirgamam; {C}agati not
go; not go away/depart {C}not going; without a

resort; cannot do anything
gro tshul way of going/departing

gro zhing {C}anuvartate {C}last long;
pursue; follow after; complies with; imitate; come

to; go with; go likewise
{MSA}jagat-kuala-sasya harvest of the virtues

of transmigrating beings; harvest of the worlds
virtues
gro bai don {C}jagrtha welfare/
weal/aims of transmigrating beings {C}weal of

the world
gro bai don {C}jagrtha welfare/
gro ong going and coming

gro la snying brtser
ldan pai phyir {C}jagnukampi because

of being endowed with compassion for
transmigrating beings {C}compassionate for the
world
weal/aims of transmigrating beings weal of the

world
grogs pa ma yin {C}asamavahita
sake of transmigrating beings {C}weal of the

world
grong
gro bai don du {C}janrtha for the

gro bar {C}gamana going; going away
from {C}motion; pursue; walk; going (to)
gro bar bgyid pa {C}nirgamika
/ /
grong / grongs/ grong / grongs/ {C}sthita

(=vyavasthita) die {C}establish; stood firm;
stand (just now); standing; abide; abiding; steadfast;
established remains; continuous
grongs
going; going away from; make go away {C}

which causes to go; what makes go away
/ /
grong / grongs/ grong / grongs/ die
gro bar gyur {C}pariyti; {C}
vrajate; {C}samgamati (=prdurbhavanti); {C}

gacchati; {C}kipati; {C}prasthita; {C}prakrmati;
{C}sakrmati go; go away from {C}move
along; move onto; travel; walk along; are brought
along; are assembled; come forth; hurl; throw;
shoot; cast off/away; reject; move into; set out for
gro bar du shes pas {C}
gamana-sajin thinking to go/go away {C}

with the constant thought of getting away
gro bar bya bai phyir {L,C}

apakrama in order to go/depart {C}to
induce to depart; go away
gro bar byed pa {C}anubandhayati

not accompany {C}they do not meet; do not

achieve a synthesis; is not in touch
109
gron bu shell [cowries, that is, small

shells used as dice]
grol ba
grol
grold grol grold release; liberate; free; loosen
gros type; extension
{PH}progression;
motion
mdor na kha phyir ltas
kyi gros gnyis dang kha nang ltas kyi gros gcig cig
char du skye bar dod In short, it is asserted that
two types directed outward and one type directed
inward are produced at one time.
If the eye were
possessed of motion, it would perceive [visible
form] in the distance [only] after a long period of
time. {A4C} 13.13ab
gros gsum par skye ba
elevated; prideful; puffed up; conceited; agitated;

laughing; unsteady
rgod pa dang gyod pa
production in three types
rga {LCh}j; {L}jara grow old; age; wear
auddhatyakauktya excitement and contrition;

desirous excitement and contrition/regret {PH}
excitement and contrition
down decay
rga rga grow old; age; wear down

rga chen po {C}udra {C}sublime;
rgod par {C}cala-acala {C}unsteady

rgol brgal rgal
exalted; an uncommon degree of
rga chi jarmaraa aging and death

rga ba {PH}old age
rga shi {LCh,L,MV}jar-maraa aging and
brgald rgold debate; argue; to object
rgol ba
brgal
rgal brgald rgold {C}prativda; {MSA}pravda;
{MSA}pravdin; {C}paryanuyoga; {MSA}codya;
phyir rgol ba = {MSA}pratyarthika opponent;
party; debate; argue; arguement; disputant
{C}question; censure; rejection; adversary;
contradiction; refusal; answer; fight; reply;
rejoinder; defendant; opponent
death; aging or death
rgan old; teacher {PH}palate

rgan pa old
rgan pa brda la byang ba
mature person trained in terminology/language
rgan po {MSA}vddha old person

rgal brgal rgol
rgol ba gzhan
gyi klan kai skabs mchis afford an occasion/
opportunity for censure by an opponent
rgol bar byed pa

brgal rgal brgald rgold codya argue;
deterioration
dispute; debate
{PH}trouble;
rgol dzing {PH}fighting

rgold brgal rgol
misfortune
rgod {MV}uddhata; {MV}auddhatya wild;
excitement; desirous excitement; excited {PH}

excitement
brgald rgold cross over; objection; object;

disputation
rgya {L}mudra vast; broad; extensive; seal
{C}
puffed up
{PH}Chinese; Indian; seal
rgod pa {MSA,MV}auddhatya; {L,MSA,MV}

uddhata;{C}hasan; {C}cala-acala excitement;
desirous excitement; wildness {C}raised;
rgol ba ngan pa {PH}evil opposition

rgol ba dang bcas pa
to dispute
rgas shing {C}jra {C}(very) aged

rgud trouble {PH}trouble; misfortune
rgud nyams {PH}ruin; decline;
rgod cing {C}uddhata excited
hypothetical dispute
brgal rgal brgald rgold susceptible
brgald rgold {LCh}t; dba rgal = {MSA}augha

cross over
rgud pa {MSA} vipatti
rgol ba khong nas bsus pa
110
rgya khyon {PH}area; extent

rgya khyon che ba {PH}large extent
rgya cher rol pai mdo lalita-
rgya gar India

rgya che {C}vaipulya; {MSA}vipula [extent-
vistara-stra Lalita-vistara-stra (Extensive

Sport Stra), P763, vol. 27
big]; vast; broad; extensive {C}Expanded

Text(s); abundance; vast
rgya che gting zab
rgya rje gris Ling Dynasty [502 - 557

CE] of China
rgya rje thang Tang dynasty [618 - 906
{PH}vast and
profound
rgya che ba {LCh,MSA,MV}udra;
CE] of China
{LCh,C,MSA}vipula; {L}prahyante; {L,MSA}

vistra; {MV}vistratva; {MSA,MV}audrya;
{MSA}viada [extent-big]; vast; extensive;
broad; the vast [i.e., practices of compassion]
{C}wide; abundant; expand; expanded; in detail; to
explain in detail
rgya chen {C}vipula; {C}udra; {C}
pravistta; {MSA}viada; {C}pthu [extent-big];

vast; extensive; broad {PH}extensive; broad;
great {C}many; all; large; long; very much;
sublime; exalted; an uncommon degree of
rgya chen po {MSA}vipula; {C,MSA}
dra; {MSA}audrya; {MSA}viada; {MSA}vistra

[extent-big]; vast; extensive; broad {C}
sublime; exalted; an uncommon degree of
rgya chen po rgya chen po {C}
udrodra very vast; very extensive {C}very

sublime
rgya chen po dpag tu med pa

{MSA}aprama-vistra immeasurably vast/
extensive/broad
rgya cher {C}vipula; {L,C,MV}vistarea;
{MV}iti vistara; {C}bhyasy mtray vast;

extensive; broad {C}in detail; expanded; in full;
for the most part; more and more; again and again;
still more; wide; large; abundant
rgya cher ba {L}prahyante; {L}vistra

vast; extensive; broad expanded; in detail
rgya cher byung ba

byung byung byung byung {MV}(iti)
vistarea; {MV}iti vistara arise/appear/occur

extensively
111
rgya rje tshin Chen Dynasty [557 - 589

CE] of China
rgya rje song Liu Sung Dynasty [420 479 ce] of China
rgya gdan India

rgya mdud {PH}knotted seal
rgya nag {LCh}cna [vast-black]; China

rgya nag grel chen; rgya nag gi grel chen;
phags pa dgongs pa nges par grel pai mdoi

rgya cher grel pa
bkral grel bkrald greld Chinese Great
Commentary; Extensive Commentary on the
Stra Unraveling the Thought [by the Korean
scholar-monk Won-chuk (612/613-696; Tibetan:
rdzogs gsal / wen tshig / wen tshegs / wanydzeg;
Chinese: Yan tse); P5517, vol. 116]
rgya nad {PH}syphilis

rgya spos me tog
{PH}Chinese
incense flower
rgya ba enlarge; extend; broaden

rgya bris thang ka {PH}Chinese-style
thangka
rgya mi Chinese
rgya mii za khang Chinese restaurant
rgya dmag {PH}Chinese army
rgya mtsho {L,C,MSA}samudra; {C,MSA}
sgara; {C,MSA}arava [vast-lake]; ocean; large
lake {C}great flood
rgya mtsho che ba {C}mahodadhi
rgyang chad distant and cut off

rgyang chad chad
chad chad chad distant and cut off
rgyang chad du snang ba
great ocean; great lake {C}great ocean
rgya mtsho chen po {C}mahsamudra
appearing to be distant and cut off
rgyang
great ocean; great lake {C} [great] ocean
{PH}far away
grogs po rgyang nas slebs na ... When a friend
rgya mtsho lta bu {C}sgara-upama
comes from far away, ... {W20222} Confucious 1.1
(=sarva-gua-ratna-karatvd) like an ocean/

lake {C}vast like the ocean
rgya mtsho dra ba {C}sgara-samna

like an ocean/lake {C}ocean-like
rgyang phan pa

jig rten rgyang phan pa yata; lokyata [afarflung]; nihilist; Annihilationist; Materialist;
Lokyata School
rgya mtsho sprin Sgaramegha

rgyang phan pa lokyata Lokyata;
rgya mtshoi chu {C}sgara-jala water
Hedonist
of an ocean/lake {C}watery ocean
rgyang phen pa
rgya mtshoi pha rol gro ba
jig rten rgyang phen pa yata Flung
{MSA}arava-praga go to the other side of an

ocean; cross an ocean
Afar (Nihilist); yata; nihilist; Annihilationist;

Materialist; Lokyata School
rgya mtshoi pha rol
rgyang ma {PH}distance; far away

rgyang ma nas {C}rt {C}from a
phyin par gyur {C}pra-sthala prayti go to

the other side of an ocean; cross an ocean {C}
travel to the other shore and reach it
distance
rgya mtshoi rlabs ocean wave

rgya mtshor jug pa {C}smudriya
rgyang ring du byed par gyur

{C}dr-karoti {C}move away from; keep aloof
from
enter an ocean/lake {C}sea-going (?)
rgyang ring po far away; distant

rgyang ring po na {C}viprakta far
rgya gzhung Indian text

rgya yan pa dispersed
rgya ser {PH}Russia
rgya sran Chinese bean [a reddish or
away; distant {C}athwart
rgyangs bcad par {MSA}dra

distant and cut off
rgyangs chad
whitish bean with a thick skin, not shaped like a

kidney]
chad
chad chad chad distant and cut off
rgyags {LCh}mada {PH}haughtiness

rgyags pa {LCh}mada haughtiness
rgyags pa dang bral ba {MSA}
rgyan {LCh,C,L}lakra; {LCh,C}bhaa;
{C}vyha (=samha); {MSA}maana; vibhaa

ornament; adornment {C}mass; (miraculous)
harmony; display
mada-vyapet devoid of/separated from

haughtiness
112
rgyan mkhan po author of the
conquest; victory {PH}[the Indian month of]
Puya {C}victory
Ornament Prajkaragupta
rgyan stug po bkod pai
rgyal khams kingdom
rgyan drug six ornaments (who beautify
rgyal khrims secular law; royal law
bsod nams chung bai rgyal
mdo dgod god bkod

god ghandavyha-stra Stra on the Heavily
Adorned [ghandavyha-stra, P778, vol. 29]
khams smin byai phyir/ in order to ripen the

kingdom of those of small merit {GZ 68b.7}
the teaching of the BuddhaNgrjuna,

ryadeva, Asaga, Vasubandhu, Dignga, and
Dharmakrti)
rgyan sdud
bsdu sdud
bsdus sdus ornament-conjunction particle [a
grammatical particle]
kyang yang ang gsum rgyan sdud de the three-kyang, yang, and ang--are ornamental inclusion
words
rgyan snang Haribhadras Illumination
{PH}the great king Vairavana
rgyal chen po bzhi po dag {C}

rgyal chen bzhii ris {C}(catur)
mahrjakyik devaputr {C}the divinities
belonging to the four Great Kings
rgyan pa
brgyan
rgyan brgyand rgyand alakta; {MSA}hrbhita decorate; ornament; beautify; wear
rgyal chen bzhii ris kyi

lha rnams {C}catur-mahrja-kyik dev {C}
the gods of the Four Great Kings
rgyan spras ornamented; adorned; laid
rgyal chen rigs bzhi
out with ornaments
rgyan byed pa making bets

rgyab behind; rear {PH}bottom
rgyab snye {PH}inner backrest
rgyab na {PH}behind
rgyab bol {PH}back cushion
rgyab rdzi {PH}supervisor
rgyab log {PH}behind
cturmahrjakyika four great royal lineages
rgyal chen ris {C}(catur)
mahrjakyik devaputr {C}the divinities

belonging to the four Great Kings
rgyal mchog {LCh}jinavara supreme

conqueror
rgyal nas {C}vyatikrama having

conquered {C}transcending
rgyal po {C}npa; {C,MSA}rja(n)
tha
monarch; king; king spirit

khor los bsgyur bai rgyal po universal monarch
(cakravartin)
na kun dga rwa bai rgyab log dang; gad snyigs

tshud chad kyi nang du zhib tshol byas; [We]
searched carefully even behind his personal altar,
and down to and including in the rubbish. {GCG}
rgyal po lta bui sems
p. 47/27
rgyal rgyud {PH}royal lineage

rgyal chen rnam thos kyi bu
(catvro) mahrjni {C}the four Great Kings
of (Maitreyas) Ornament for the Clear

Realizations
rgyal {C}nirjaya king; monarch; victor;
spyir rgyal
khrims la brten nas chos khrims byung ste/ In
general, religious law arose in dependence upon
secular law {GZ 68a.3}
bskyed mind-generation like monarch
113
rgyal po don
pa) School]
rgyal ba rig dzin Conqueror

Knowledge-Bearer
grub rgyal rigs dang bram zei rigs gang rung

yin zhing bram zei rigs ma yin pa the prince
Siddhrtha who is either of the brahman lineage
or of the katriya lineage and is not a brahman
rgyal po drag pos byin
rgyal ba rin po che precious

conqueror [i.e., the Dalai Lama]
rgyal bai rgyal tshab
{PH}
regent of the Conqueror
King Ugradatta
rgyal bai bstan pa mchog
rgyal po dmag brgya pa {Negi}

supreme teaching of the Conqueror
atnka {PH}King atnka [a Licchavi]
rgyal po dmag brgya ba {Negi}
rgyal bai mdzad pa {MSA}jina-
atnka {PH}King atnka [a Licchavi]
kriy activities of a conqueror
rgyal po brtse ba
rgyal bai yum mother of the
med pa drag pos byin {PH}the merciless king

Ugradatta
conquerors/victors [the perfection of wisdom]
rgyal bai yon tan {C}jina-gua
rgyal po gzugs can snying
qualities of a conqueror/victor {C}victor-
po King Bimbisra {PH}King Bimbisra
qualities
rgyal po
rgyal bai ring bsrel {C}jina-
la gtam bya ba rin po chei phreng ba rjaparikathratnval [Nagarjunas] Precious

Garland of Advice for the King [P5658, vol. 129]
dhtu relics of the conqueror/victor {C}relics

of the Jina
rgyal bai sras {L}jina-putra
rgyal poi khab {C}rja-gha
Conquerors child; Conqueror-child [i.e.,

Bodhisattva]
Rjagha {PH}Rjagha {C}name of a town

gnas rgyal poi khab tu ... In
the area of Rjagha, ... {BJ 29.6}
rgyal poi mthus {C}rjnubhva
by/with the power/force/might of the king {C}

royal might
rgyal poi pho brang khor {C}

rja-dhn {C}capital; royal city
rgyal poi bu zhig {C}rja-putra a

child of the king; prince {C}prince
rgyal dpog pa {PH}Jaimini

rgyal ba {C}jina conqueror; victor;
epithet of Buddha {C}victor
rgyal ba pa jaina Jaina [also known as

Nirgrantha I think this is gos med pa (gcer bu
{PH}the
114
rgyal bu rgyal byed {PH}Jetavana

rgyal blon {PH}king and his ministers
rgyal dbang {PH}Lord of Conquerors
rgyal tshab {LCh}yuvarja regent of
the Conqueror; regent [sometimes refers to

Maitreya]; Gyal-tshab [rgyal tshab dar ma rin
chen, 1364-1432, who was one of the two main
disciples of Tsong-kha-pa (tsong kha pa), the
other being Khay-drub (mkhas grub)] {PH}
Maitreya [epithet of]; status as crown prince; royal
inheritance; Gyel-tsap Dar-ma-rin-chen (rgyal tshab
dar ma rin chen, 1364-1432)
In the end, having renounced his
status as crown prince, [he] took renunciation in
that very same [lineage]. {A4C-C}
rgyal tshab dam pa
{PH}sublime
regent
rgyal tshab dar ma rin chen
Gyal-tshab Dar-ma-rin-chen [(1364-1432), one

of the two main disciples of Tsong-kha-pa (tsong
kha pa), the other being Khay-drub (mkhas
grub)]
rgyal mtshan {C}hvaja victory banner
spread; increase; further7 adjective: extensive;

broad; wide; full {C}broad; in full; in detail;
singleness; compact; well-developed; thick;
muscular; full (of); fullness (of); fulfilled; complete;
fully developed; large
rgyas gyur developmental

rgyas gyur gyi rigs

developmental lineage
{C}banner; ensign; flag
rgyas btab pa lta bur {C}mudrita
rgyal mtshan dpal {C}dvaja-ketu
as if sealed; like sealed {C}sealed
glorious victory banner {C}glorious ensign
rgyas bstan pa
rgyal zla {PH}the twelfth month

rgyal yum Mother of the Victors (the
bstan ston bstand stond extensive indication/

teaching
rgyas debs
perfection of wisdom)
rgyal rabs reign; royal succession;
gdab debs btab thobs [seal-implant]; affix a

seal; seal
dynasty
rgyal rigs {L}katriya royal class; royal rgyas ldan
{PH}Pukaravat (ancient
capital of Gandhra)
lineage; royal caste warrior and ruling caste
rgyas pa {C}ipula; {C}vistarea; vaistrika};
rgyal rigs che zhing mtho
utsada (=udgat); {MV}paripui; {MSA}paripua;

pui; upacaya; caya; vibuddha; virhi; vddhi
(e.g.: svabhva-vddhi) verb: extend; fill;
spread; increase; further7 adjective: extensive;
broad; wide; full {C}(over) crowded; with
prominences; in (full) detail; in extenso; in its full
breadth; in greater detail; extensive; widespread
ba {C}katriya-mahlala-kula great and

high royal lineage/class/caste {C}good warrior
family; good families, i.e., nobles
rgyal sa {PH}kingdom; capital city

rgyal sras {C,MSA}jina-putra; {MSA}
jintma-ja Victor Children; Conquerors child;

Conqueror-child [i.e., Bodhisattva] {C}son of
the Jina
rgyal sras rtag tu ngu
rgyas pa byed par gyur {C}

bhayati {C}strengthens
rgyas pai {C}dhamyate (=dhamyamne =
{PH}
pryamne) {C}is inflated
[Bodhisattva] Sadaprarudita
rgyal sras ma Jinaputra

rgyal srid {C}rjya government;
rgyas pai bstan bcos tshad ma
political authority; kingdom {C}kingship
rgyal srid gnas nas {C}rjya-
rnam grel gyi bka grel dgongs pa rab gsal zhes

bya ba mkhas pai dbang po bsod nams grags
pas mdzad pa bol gsal mkhas pai mgrin rgyan
{GD:846} Pa-chen S#-nam-drak-b#as (pa
chen bsod nams grags pa) The Throat Ornament of
sthitu {C}established as the ruler of a kingdom
rgyas {L}vipula; {L}vistarea; {C}pra; {L}

taktva; {C}cita; {C}pna verb: extend; fill;
115
rgyas par gengs pa
Clear-minded Scholars Composed by the Mighty

Scholar S-nam-drak-ba called Commentary on the
Teaching, the Complete Revealer of the Thought of
the Extensive Treatise

dgang gengs bkang gengs {C}
spharaat; {C}sphuraa {C}radiation; radiant
rgyas par ston pa extensive
rgyas pai bstan bcos tshad
indication
rgyas par spro na if [one] elaborates
ma rnam grel gyi rgya cher bshad pa rigs pai

rgya mtsho {GD:845} Kay-drups (mkhas
grub) Extensive Explanation of the Extensive
Commentary on Prime Cognition, the Ocean of
Reasoning (Collected Works, X)
extensively/at length; to elaborate extensively/at

length
rgyas par bshad pa extensive
rgyas pai
explanation
bstan bcos tshad ma rnam grel gyi ngag don rnam

par bshad pa kun tu bzang poi od zer {GD:842}
Go-ram-pas (go rams pa bsod nams seng ge) The
Perfect Light Explaining the Meaning of the Words
of the Extensive Commentary on [Dharmakrtis]
Valid Cognition (The Complete Works of the
Great Masters of the Sa-sKya Sect, XI)
rgyas pai bstan bcos tshad ma rnam grel gyi don

grel rgyal tshab dgongs pa rab gsal zhes bya ba
leu dang poi dka bai gnas la dogs pa gcod pa di
ni rje btsun chos kyi rgyal mtshan dpal bzang poi
gsung rguyn lags so {GD:844} Jay-d#zn Chg#yi-gyel-tsens (rje btsun chos kyi rgyal mtshan)
Stream of Sayings of the Noble and Glorious
Jay-d#zn Ch-g#yi-gyel-tsan, the Elimination of
Qualms with Respect to the Difficult Points of the
First Chapter, Called the Complete Re
rgyas par {C}vistarea extensively; at

length; in detail
rgyas par bkang
dgang gengs bkang gengs {C}sphurati;

{C}sphrati {C}irradiate; radiate (over)
rgyas par dgang bar
sphurati; {C}sphrati {C}irradiate; radiate (over)
116
rgyas shing phel ba {L}vddhi

virhim extending and increasing
rgyas bshad extensive explanation

rgyu {LCh,L,MSA,MV}hetu; {C,MV}hetutva;
{LCh,MSA,MV,C}kraa; {C,MSA,MV}upaniad;
{C}(=hetu-bhva); {MSA}anvaya; {MSA,MV}
nimitta; {MSA}nimittatva; {C}nidna; {C}etannidn; {C}ki nidnam; {C}tato nidnam; {C}tannidnam; {C}pracra; {C}pravartate (=pravarta
cause; [as verb]: wander; move; go; [following a
verb, indicates]: to be done {PH}cause {C}
comparison; reason; for the sake of; linked with;
foundation; Origins; because; wherefrom and for
what reason?; on the strength of that; as a result
of; that link; observation; performance; proceeds;
takes place; move forward; spread;causality
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ 1 skyed byed/ 2 phan dogs byed/ Def.:
(1) producer; (2) benefitter
sgras brjod rigs kyi sgo nas dbye ba/ 1
Divisions:
byed rgyu 2 lhan cig byung bai rgyu 3 skal mnyam

gyi rgyu 4 mtshungs ldan gyi rgyu 5 kun groi
rgyu 6 rnam smin gyi rgyu Terminological Div.:
(1) creative cause; (2) co-arisen cause; (3) cause
of equal/similar lot; (4) associational cause; (5)
omnipresent cause; (6) fruitional cause
rgyu rkyen hetu-pratyaya causes and

conditions; causal conditions
rgyu rkyen gzhan gyi
rgyu dang gal bai bras bu
rgyu khyad par asdhraa-kraa
rgyu dang bras bu {MSA}hetu-phala
dbang gis byung ba arise through the power of

other causes and conditions
cause and effect
particular cause
rgyu dngos actual cause

rgyu sngon song *samanantara-hetu
rgyu rdo rje dzin pa
rgyu rnam gnyis kyis {C}
rgyu chos rjes dpag inference of
vikraena {C}for a double reason
rgyu pa med pai tshig
causal attributes
rgyu chos rjes dpog inference of
rgyu snyoms jug *kraasampatti

causal meditative absorption
rgyu mthun {JH,C,MV}niyanda causally

concordant {C}outpouring; outcome

dbye ba/ 1 myong ba rgyu mthun
Divisions:
rgyu rgyu rgyu rgyu
rgyu byed tshul mode of acting as a
gyi bras bu/ 2 byed pa rgyu mthun gyi bras bu/

Div.: (1) causally concordant effect in terms of
experience; (2) causally concordant effect in terms
of performance
cause; way of acting as a cause
rgyu bras cause and effect

rgyu bras che bai rnam
rgyu mthun pa {C,MV,MSA}niyanda
causally concordant; concordant causes {C}

outpouring; outcome
bzhag greater presentation of cause and effect
rgyu bras man ngag bdun
rgyu mthun pai bras bu
seven cause-and-effect quintessential instructions
rgyu ma dmigs pa
{MSA}niyanda-phala; {MSA}nisyanda-phala
causally concordant effect

nonobservation of a cause
rgyu med pa {C}ahetuka; {MSA}
krabhva no cause; without a cause {C}

without a cause
rgyu dang rkyen hetupratyaya causes
rgyu med las skye ba causeless
and conditions
production; produced causelessly
bzhin nature contradictory with a cause
ki nidnam; {C}tato nidnam; tan-nidnam {C}

because; wherefrom and for what reason?; on the
strength of that; that link
{LCh}car; pracra; {MSA}cra; {C}pravartate
(=pravartayati); craa move; movement; the
mobile [i.e., living beings]; the animate {C}
proceeds; takes place; move forward; spread
niyanda-phala causally concordant effect
rgyu dang gal pai rang
rgyu spyi *smnya-hetu general cause

rgyu phyir {C}nidna; {C}etan-nidn; {C}
rgyu ba
rgyu mthun gyi bras bu
causally concordant application
{PH}
conventional expression
causal attributes
{PH}causal
vajra-holder
preceding cause
rgyu mthun pai sbyor ba
*hetu-viruddha-krya effect contradictory with

a cause
117
rgyu tshogs
lacking a reason
rgyui tshogs
prerequisites lhag mthong gi
rgyu tshogs prerequisites for special insight
rgyui tshogs med du mi rung ba
rgyu mtshan gzhan ni yod pa
{GD:119}abdasynimittn get from Annes

book
rgyu mtshan yang dag samya-
indispensible prerequisites
rgyu tshogs pa hetusmagri;
nimitta correct reason/evidence
rgyu
hetusmagr causal collection; collection of

causes; aggregate of causes {GD:88}causal
complex; {GD:153}causal aggregatethis is out of
place: the causal nexus which has the fitness to
produce its effect, the nature of a thing
mtshan yod kyang gtan la ma phebs pai yid dpyod

correct assumption for which one has a reason
but has not ascertained it
rgyu mtshan {LCh,MSA,MV}nimitta; {LCh} rgyu zhing song

nibandhana; {MSA}nimittatva; hetu [cause-sign];
reason; cause; factuality; other-powered nature
(gzhan dbang, paratantra); the fact; evidence
{GD:119} other factors
rtogs sla bai rgyu mtshan gyis yin la is due to the
fact that realization [of...] is easier
rgyu mtshan nyid pa fully qualified
cause; fully endowed cause; cause having all the

necessary characteristics
ltar snang la brten pai yid dpyod nimittbhsamanasikra correct assumption depending upon
a pseudo/quasi/counterfeit reason
rgyu mtshan
wander and go {C}wanders along;
understanding
rgyu la skur pa debs pa
gdab debs btab thobs {MV}

hetv-apavda deprecate the cause
rgyu la sgrib pa {MV}hetv-varaa
rgyu la brten pa {MSA}hetu-sanirit

depend on a cause
rgyu las skye ba {MSA}hetuta upatti

generate from a cause
rgyu las byung ba
byung byung byung byung {C,MSA}hetuka;

{MV}anvaya; {MV}hetutva arisen from causes;
caused {C}because of; the cause of
dang gal bai yid dpyod correct assumption

contradictory with a reason
rgyu mtshan ma
rgyug {C}dhvati
grub pai yid dpyod /

grub grub grubs/grub grubs correct
assumption whose reason is not established
{C}flow towards; rubs off
(?)
rgyud {L,MSA,MV}satna; {MSA}satati;
rgyu mtshan ma nges
tantra; prabandha; {C}jti; {C}vaa; {MSA}

anvaya continuum; mental continuum;
life continuum; tantra {PH}lineage; tantra
{C}birth; species; kind; different varieties;
lineage;{GD:515} indirect (as opposed to direct,
dngos)
pai yid dpyod aniyatanimitta-manasikra

correct assumption in which the reason is not
ascertained
rgyu mtshan mang tsam quite a

number of reasons
dpyod animitta-manasikra correct assumption
song song song song {C,L}anucakrmati
obstruct the cause
rgyu mtshan
rgyu mtshan med pai yid
118
rgyud gal praparyavirodha
indirectly contradictory; indirect contradictories
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ dngos su gnod
bya gnod byed ma yin zhing / gzhi mi mthun par med pa
Def.: Those which are not explicitly harmed and

harmer and of which a common locus does not exist
check Perdue
rgyud tha dad pa {MSA}satna-bheda

different/individual continuums
rgyud drug six transmigrations/tantras/
mahynottaratantrastravykhya [Asagas]
Commentary on (Maitreyas) Great Vehicle
Treatise on the Sublime Continuum [theg pa
chen poi rgyud bla mai bstan bcos kyi rnam
par bshad pa; P5526, vol. 108]
rgyud smrad grwa tshang Gy-may;

rgyud gzhan grub pa; rgyud
rgyud sde {LCh}tantra-piaka [tantrasection]; tantra set; tantra
rgyud sde og ma gsum the
gzhan grub pa zhes bya bai rab tu byed

pa satnntarasiddhinmaprakaraa
[Dharmakrtis] Proof of Other Continuums
[P5716, vol. 130]
three lower tantra sets
rgyud nas skye byed indirect

rgyud gzhan grub pa zhes bya bai rab
producer
rgyud pa parapar; {L}vyasana
continuation; tradition; lineage ruin; fall(ing)

away from
brgal rgal brgald rgold {C}jalp-jalpi {C}

disputations and talk

rgyud bla; rgyud bla ma; theg pa chen
tu byed pa; rgyud gzhan grub pa satnntarasiddhi-nma-prakaraa [Dharmakrtis] Proof of

Other Continuums [P5716, vol. 130]
rgyud bzhi Four [Medical] Tantras
1 rtsa bai rgyud/ 2 bshad pai
Divisions:
rgyud/ 3 man ngag gi rgyud/ 4 phyi mai rgyud/

Enumeration: 1) Root Tantra, 2) Explanatory Tantra,
3) Oral Tradition Tantra, 4) Last Tantra
po rgyud bla mai bstan bcos uttaratantra;

mahynottaratantrastra [Maitreyas] Great
Vehicle Treatise on the Sublime Continuum /
Treatise on the Later Scriptures of the Great
Vehicle [P5525, vol. 108]
rgyud lung
rgyud bla tk chen Gyel-tsaps (rgyal

tshab) Great Commentary on (Maitreyas)
Great Vehicle Treatise on the Sublime
Continuum
rgyud bla ma; rgyud bla; theg pa chen po rgyud

bla mai bstan bcos mahynottaratantrastra;
uttaratantra [Maitreyas] Great Vehicle Treatise
on the Sublime Continuum / Treatise on the
Later Scriptures of the Great Vehicle [P5525, vol.
108]
Tantric College of Lower Hla-sa
continuums
rgyud par rgol
rgyud blai grel pa
119
rtogs kyi yon tan gyis lci ba mental continuum

weighty with good qualities of scripture and
realization
rgyud legs par brel {C}

suliha {C}tightly knit
rgyun {LCh,L,MSA}satna; {LCh,MSA}
satati; {LCh,L,MSA}srotas; {L}srota; {L}sarit;

{MSA,MV}prabandha; {MSA}pravha; {MSA}
satata continuation; continuum; mental
continuum; life continuum; stream; continuity
{PH}continuum; continuation; stream; current;
line kun gzhii rdzas rgyun
the substantial continuation of the basis-of-all
rgyun mtha end of the continuum (as a
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ skad cig du ma cha shas su ldan pai
dus Def.: [Ke-drup (mkhas grub)]: a time which
possesses multiple moments as its parts
rgyun gyi yi dam
sentient being just prior to Buddhahood); end/

limit of a continuum
rgyun mtha kho nar skye ba
{PH}personal
production only at the end of a continuum
rgyun mthai bar chad med
tutelary deity
rgyun gyis gro {MSA}prabandhena
lam {PH}the uninterrupted path of the end of the

continuum
gacchati going/moving continuously
rgyun gyis jug pa {MSA}
rgyun mthar skye ba production at
prabandhena hi vtti continuous engagement
the end of a continuum
rgyun gcod {C}ucchoayati severance
rgyun du {MSA}nirantara; {MSA}sataty;
of the continuum; interrupt; sever/cut off the

continuum {C}abolish; shrivel up
{MV}abhka continually; continuous;

continuously
rgyun du sgrog pa continuously
rgyun bcad bya gcod byed kyi sgo nas mi mthun

par gnas pa those which abide discordantly
from the viewpoint of the one acting to sever the
continuum [of the other], the object to be cut
proclaiming
rgyun du jog pa samsthpana;

sasthpana continuous setting
rgyun du yid la byed pa {MSA}
rgyun bcas kyi dngos po thing
nirantara-manaskra continuous taking to mind;

continuous mental contemplation/attention
which has a [further] continuum
rgyun chags {L}prabandhana; {MSA}

arit; {MSA}stata; {MSA}prabandhatas
continuous
rgyun ni ma bcad pas {MSA}
continuous
rgyun phyi ma
satater anucchedt through not severing the

continuum; due to not interrupting
rgyun chags med pa not

rgyun chags yin pa {C}
continuation
rgyun ma chad pa

chad chad chad chad {C}(avicchinnam-)
prbandhikatva continuous {C}making a

continuous series
rgyun chad par gyur
avihita; {MSA}prabandhnupacchinnatva
continuously; without interruption {C}not
unfixed; not discontinous; the same confusion at
chad chad chad chad {C}ucchidyate

continuum is severed {C}forget; is annihilated;
is cut off
rgyun chad med par
chad chad chad chad [continuum-cutnot]; without interruption; continuously
rgyun tu zhugs pa
rgyun mi gcod {MSA}accheda; {MSA}
aviccheda; {MSA}statya continuously; without

interruption
rgyun mi gcod pa {MV}aprasrabdhi;

{MSA}accheda; {MSA}aviccheda; {MSA}statya
continuously; without interruption
zhug jug zhugs zhugs rota-panna

Stream Enterer
{PH}subsequent
120
rgyun mi chad pa
chad chad chad chad {L}samita; {L}
anupaccheda; {C}anucchinnam; {C}satata
samitamx; {C}(=satatam); {C}avyavacchedya
continuously; without interruption {C}
assembly; joined; same; like; promise; agree;
complete; measure; mete out; commensurate;
always; uninterrupted; constant(ly and always);
always; non-interruption
rgyun mi chad pai phyir
chad chad chad chad {C}
pa {MV}hetu-saklea causal affliction; causal

afflictive emotion
rgyui kun slong
/
causal motivation
rgyui theg pa hetuyna Cause Vehicle

rgyui tshogs; rgyu tshogs
prerequisite rgyui tshogs

med du mi rung ba indispensible prerequisites
lhag mthong gi rgyu tshogs
indispensible prerequisites
avyavacchedya because of non-interruption; in

order not to interrupt
rgyun mi chad par bya ba
anupaccheda continuously; without interruption

{C}non-interruption
rgyun mi chad
chad chad chad chad {L}samita; {C}

samucchinnam; satata samitam; {MV}
anuparama; nairantarya; sadhna; {MSA}
anupaccheda; apratiprasrabdha; avicchinna;
aviccheda; avyavaccheda; asrasana; satata;
samita continuously; without interruption
rgyun mi chad pa
no familiarity sgyu
mai rgyus med pai ltad mo ba member of the
audience who is unfamiliar with magic
rgyus shes bya bai phyir {C}
rgyun
jnanya {C}so as to get acquainted with
sga ginger
sga skya ginger
sga smug ginger; brown ginger
sgang {PH}period
tu zhugs pa {LCh}rota-panna; rotpanna

Stream Enterer
rgyun zhugs bras gnas
zhug jug zhugs zhugs Abider

in the Fruit of Stream Enterer
rgyun zhugs zhugs pa
de dus tsa na bod pa mang po

zhug jug zhugs zhugs Approacher
bi kra ma shi lar groi sgang yin; At that time,

it was a period when many Tibetans were going to
Vikramala. {GCG} p.21
to Stream Enterer
rgyun ring {PH}long time; long duration

rgyun ring po {PH}(for) a long time
rgyui kun nas nyon mongs
nidnam; {C}tan-nidnam familiar; familiar

with {PH}familiar {C}linked with; foundation;
for the sake of; Origins; because; wherefrom; and
for what reason?; that link; as a result of
su
la yang rgyus med pai dpe ring zhig gos thum dgu
tsam gyis dril nas dug, There was a long text that
was unfamiliar to everyone, having been wrapped in
nine layers of cloth. {GCG} p. 17
rgyus med having no knowledge; having
chad chad chad chad {L}samita; {C}

anucchinnam; satata samitam continuously;
without interruption
rgyun zhugs
rgyus {C}nidna; {C}etan-nidn; {C}kim
121
sgang la on top (of)

sgang shongs {PH}ridges and valleys
sgo nas {LCh}dvrea [door-from]; from
sgal gzhung {PH}backbone; spine

sgur po {C}kubja {C}hunch-backed
sgeg rdor, sgeg pai rdo rje
the point of view; from the viewpoint; from the

approach of; through; by way of {PH}from the
point of view (of); through; by way of
dei sgo nas from that point of view {BJ 12.3}
Vilsavajra/ Llvajra Vilsavajra/ Llvajra
sgeg pa
sgeg pa
sgo ba
bsgo sgo bsgos sgos

pari-bhu infuse; deposit; order
bag chags sgo ba infusing predispositions/
{PH}playful; charming
{PH}mesmerizing (one of nine

moods of dance)
latencies
sgeg pai rdo rje, sgeg rdor
sgo ba yab yum
Vilsavajra/ Llvajra Vilsavajra/ Llvajra
{PH}gate keepers
and consorts
sgeg mo, sgeg mo ma [Vajra]
sgo mang many doors; Go-mang (Many
lsy, offering goddess of dance
Doors) College [of Dre-pung Monastic

University]
sgeg mo ma, sgeg mo lsy
sgo mang grwa tshang Go-mang
[Vajra]lsy, offering goddess of dance
sgegs {VM} obstructor

sgeu khung window
sgo bsgo sgo bsgos sgos
College [of Dre-pung Monastic University]
{C,L,MSA}mukha; {L,C,MV}dvra; {C}nirhra;

{MSA}pua approach; door; mode; gate; infuse;
deposit; order {PH}door {C}face; calling
forth; consummation; emission khyab
pa sgo brgyad eight doors of pervasion
rigs pai sgo du ma nas through many
doors of reasoning
sgog skya white garlic

sgog sngon blue garlic
sgom bsgom sgom
bsgoms sgoms {LCh}bhvayati meditate;
meditation; cultivate; cultivation
sgom pa
bsgom
sgom bsgoms sgoms {L}bhvayati; {C,MV,MSA}

bhvan; {MSA,MV}bhvana (e.g.: {MSA}cintanabhvana); {MSA}abhysa meditate; meditation;
meditating; cultivate; cultivation {C}progress;
development
sgo khyim {PH}arched niche

sgo nga aa egg; gonad
sgom pa bgyid {L}bhvayati; {C}
sgo nga nas skye ba {L}aaja [egg-
bhvan meditate; meditation; cultivate;
from-born]; egg-born [i.e. bird]
cultivation; cause to meditate/cultivate
sgo nga phyed tshal pa Half-
sgom pa med
Eggists; Half-Eggist School
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {C}abhvan not

cultivated/meditated; non-cultivation/meditation
{C}non-development
sgo gnyer
{PH}responsibilities
[Each person should] look after their own
sgom pa zhes bya ba
individual responsibilities. {GCG}
sgo drung du
{PH}at/to the gate

{Bu-ston; chos-byung} [He]
came to the gate of Nlanda.
{C}bhvan-khya meditation {C}path
of development; one speaks of meditational

development
122
sgom pai khor gsum three
sgom bsgoms sgoms object of meditation
spheres of meditation; (agent, action, and object

of meditation)
sgom pai rim pa
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms bhvankrama [Kamalalas] Stages of Meditation

(bhvan-krama) [P5310-5312, vol. 102]
sgom bya gtso bo
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms principal

object of meditation
sgom byung
byung
byung byung byung bhvanmay arisen from

meditation; [experience] arisen from meditation
sgom spang
spang
spong spangs spongs {LCh}bhvanheya that
which is abandoned by the path of meditation;
object of abandonment by a path of meditation
sgom byung gi rtogs pa
rtogs rtogs rtogs

rtogs realization which is a state arisen from
meditation
sgom spang skor dgu nine cycles
sgom byung gi myong ba
{PH}
experience that is a state arisen from meditation
of objects of abandonment by the path of

meditation
sgom byung gi shes rab
sgom spang skor bcu gcig
bhvanmaypraj wisdom arisen from
sgom spang nyon mongs
meditation
{PH}
the afflictions that are to be abandoned by the path
of meditation
sgom rim
mongs chen poi chen po {PH}the great of the

great afflictions that are to be abandoned by the path
of meditation
sgom rim tha ma
sgom spang nyon
conception of true existence which is abandoned

by the path of meditation
sgom spang shes sgrib
sgom spang shes
third] of [Kamalalas] three works on the

Stages of Meditation (bhvan-krama) [P53105312, vol. 102]
sgom rim dang po

bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms the first of

bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms the middle
[or second] of [Kamalalas] three works on the

Stages of Meditation (bhvan-krama) [P53105312, vol. 102]
sgom spang nyon sgrib
sgom lam
{PH}the
afflictive obstructions that are to be abandoned by
the path of meditation

bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms the final [or
sgom rim bar pa
sgrib chen poi chen po {PH}the great of the

great obstructions to omniscience that are to be
abandoned by the path of meditation
bsgom

bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms bhvankrama
[Kamalalas] Stages of Meditation (bhvankrama) [P5310-5312, vol. 102]
[Kamalalas] three works on the Stages of

Meditation (bhvan-krama) [P5310-5312, vol.
102]
{PH}
the obstructions to omniscience that are to be
sgom bya
{PH}the eleven cycles of the objects to be

sgom spang bden dzin
bsgom
sgom bsgoms sgoms {C,MSA}bhvan-mrga; {C}

bhvan-patha path of meditation {C}path
123
of development
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rjes la mngon rtogs Def.:
subsequent clear realizer
inadequacy; laziness of low self-esteem
Divisions:
don gcig sgom lam pai mkhyen pa/ rjes la mngon
rtogs/ Syn.: exalted knower of one on the path of
meditation; subsequent clear realizer
sgom lam skor dgu
{PH}nine
sgyu {C,L}my; {C}ahu deceit; magic;

illusion {C}artfulness
sgyu phrul, sgyu mai

phrul pa magical emanation; illusory
emanation
sgyu phrul dra ba magical
emanation net; illusory emanation net

jam dpal gyi sgyu phrul
cycles of the path of meditation
sgom lam gyi byed pa
drwa bai rgyud Majushrs Magical Emanation

Net Tantra (Majur-my-jla-tantra)
bhvanmrgasya kritra function of a [Great

Vehicle] path of meditation
sgom lam pai mkhyen pa
sgyu phrul drwa ba magical
sgom lam
drwa ba
mkhyend exalted knower of one on the path of

meditation
Definitions:
don gcig sgom lam/ rjes la mngon rtogs/
Syn.: path of meditation; subsequent clear realizer
bar chad med lam bcu gcig {PH}the eleven

uninterrupted paths of the path of meditation
sgoms
bsgom sgom
bsgoms sgoms bhvayati meditate; meditation;
cultivate; cultivation
sgoms pai ye shes kyi rig
ma bsgom sgom bsgoms

sgoms meditated wisdom knowledge woman
bsgo sgo bsgos sgos
pari-bhu infuse; deposit; order; private;
especially; particularly
bag chags bsgo gzhi/ basis of infusion of
predispositions sgos chos/ private
phenomena
{PH}illusory drama;
magical drama
bhvanmrgamrdhaprayoga path-ofmeditation peak training/ peak training of the

path of meditation
sgos chos private phenomena

sgyid lugs pai le lo laziness of
{PH}net; network
Majushrs Magical Emanation Net
Tantra {Majur-my-jla-tantra}; Tx / P y; vol.
sgyu phrul gar
sgom lam rtse sbyor
sgos
emanation net; illusory emanation net {PH}

net of illusory emanations
jam dpal gyi sgyu phrul drwa bai
rgyud Majushrs Magical Emanation Net Tantra
(Majur-my-jla-tantra)
sgyu phrul rwa bai gar
{PH}
the web of magical display
sgyu ma {C,MSA}my; {C}ktrima
magicians illusion; illusion [especially those

created by magicians] {PH}illusory; magical;
magicians illusion {C}magic; magical
illusion(s); deception; mock show; artificial
kun rdzob
sgyu ma lta bui stong pa mngon sum du rtogs
pai ye shes exalted wisdom directly realizing
conventionalities as empty, like illusions {PGP-73}
sgyu ma mkhan {C,MV,MSA}my-kra;

{L}y-kta; {C}veu-kra magician {C}
juggler; bamboo worker
sgyu ma sgrub shes sgyu ma
drar {C}my-vidhi-j-paramo {C}perfect in

knowing the various forms of magical illusion
124
sgyu ma lta bu {C}myasado; {C,MSA}
myopama illusion-like; like a magicians

illusion {C}like illusion; magical image; like (an)
illusion; similar to a mock show
sgyu ma lta bu gnyis
sgyu ma lta bui ting nge dzin

{C}myopama-samdhi illusion-like meditative
stabilization {C}concentration on (everything as

an) illusion
sgyu ma lta bui snang ba
sgyu ma rigs grub pa

sgyu mai skyes bu {C}myo(kara)purua {C}magically created person
sgyu mai rgyus med
pai ltad mo ba member of the audience who is

unfamiliar with magic
sgyu mai chos nyid nye

bar bzung na {C}my-dharmatm updya if/
when the illusory final nature/reality/noumenon
is apprehended {C}seeing that their nature is
illusory

appearance that is like an illusion; illusion-like
appearance
sgyu mai ting dzin
sgyu ma lta bur {C}myaja illusion-
{PH}samdhi
of illusion; samdhi [that perceives all as an]
illusion
like; like a magicians illusion; illusory {C}

born of illusion
sgyu mai rdeu shing rta
sgyu ma ltar {C}myopama; myvat
glang du med pebbles and sticks of a magicial

display do not exist as horses and elephants [but
appear as such]
illusion-like; like a magicians illusion; illusory
sgyu ma mthong ba {C}my-darana

see an illusion {C}seen as illusion
sgyu ma dang sprul pa lta bu
{C}nirmita; (=my-nirmita-sada = manomaya

= {C}nirma) like an illusion and emanation
{C}fictitious; magically created; magical
creation; conjured up by; illusory magical creation;
apparition
sgyu ma drar {C}myakalpa; {C}
sgyu mai nor {PH}illusory wealth

sgyu rtsal cho ga shes {C}kalvidhi-jo {C}instructed in many arts
sgyu rtsal jig rten pa
{PH}the
[sixty-four] worldy arts
sgyu lus my-kya; mydeha illusory

body
myopama illusion-like; illusory {C}like an

illusion; like illusion; similar to a mock show
sgyur
bsgyur sgyur
bsgyurd sgyurd change; transform; affect;
control grub mthas blo bsgyur
ba those whose minds have been affected by
tenets gling bzhi dbang
bsgyur bai rgyal po monarch who controls the
four continents khor los
bsgyur bai rgyal po universal monarch [monarch
who controls by means of a wheel]
sgyu ma sprul mkhan pa

magician
sgyu ma byed pa mkhas pa

{PH}a master magician
sgyu ma byed pa nye

gnas {PH}an apprentice magician
a magicians illusion {C}like an illusion
Reason-Established Illusionist
su med par smra ba myopamdvayavdin

Proponent of Illusory-Like Non-Dualism
sgyu ma bzhin du {C}mya-tulya like
125
sgyur ba
literally the literal meaning {DASI 572.4}
bsgyur
sgyur bsgyurd sgyurd {MSA}parimikatva; {MV}

pariati; {MV}vartin; {MV}vartana change;
transform; affect; control
sgyur bar byed pa transform

sgyogs rdo {PH}boulder
sgra {C,MSA,MV,GD}abda; {MSA}ghoa;
literality sgra ji
bzhin par bzung bas chog kyang although it is
suitable/fit to be taken literally
sgra ji bzhin pa min par

bshad pa set forth non-literally
{MSA}svara; {C,MSA,MV}ruta; {C}yatana

sound; term; roar {PH}grammar {C}voice;
message; sense-field; occasion for; source; voice;
meaningful sound; sounds; language; vocal sounds;
speech; {GD:681} verbal testimony
sgra chos can mi rtag ste byas pai
phyir the subject, sound, is impermanent because
of being a product
sgra sgrogs pa
sgra ji bzhin pa yathruta literal;
bsgrag sgrog bsgrags/ sgrogs/ proclaim; call out;

roar
sgra sgrogs par {C}nadati; {C}nadate

proclaim; call out; roar {C}roars
sgra gcan rhu Rhu [in Indian
astronomy, the name of a planet]

nyi zla gcan gsum the three: sun, moon,
and rhu
sgra ji bzhin par zhen pa

adhering to...as literal
sgra jug usage of a term; affix a term

sgra jug gzhi {PH}basis of
application of terms
sgra nyid {C}ghoat {C}voice

sgra snyan {C}nandokti pleasant sound
{C}pleasant sound
sgra snyan lta bui sems

bskyed mind-generation like guitar
sgra brnyan {C}pratirutkx echo
{C}
echo
sgra rtag gam snyam pai
the tshom a doubting consciousness that thinks,

Is sound permanent? [or, Sound is probably
permanent.]
sgra gcan gza bral {C}rhu-
sgra rtag gam
graha-mukto {C}released from the planet Rhu
sgra chen po mahnda; mahrva
mi rtag snyam pai the tshom A doubting

consciousness that thinks, Is sound permanent
or impermanent?
{PH}Mahnda; Mahrva
sgra ji bzhin {L,C,MSA}yath-ruta; {C}
sgra rtag dzin rtog pa
sgra ji bzhin
sgra rtog gis btags pa tsam yin gyi rang
yathvaj-jna literal; literally; literal meaning

{C}according to the letter; the cognition of what
really is
conceptual conciousness apprehending sound as

permanent
gyi don gyi rjes su brangs nas {MSA}yathrutrthnusrea following the literal meaning
mtshan du ma grub pai chos

/ gdags dogs btags/brtags
thogs a phenomenon that is merely impued by
terms or thought and is not established by way of
its own character
sgra ji bzhin du literal; literally
{PH}literally
sgras zin sgra ji bzhin du khas len du mi rung
bai mdo stra of which it is unsuitable to accept
126
sgra rtog
gis btags pa la ma ltos par grub pa establishment

without depending on imputation by terms and
conceptual consciousnesses
sgra don dres rung du dzin

pa gzung dzin bzung
zungs abdrtha-sasarga-yogyatograhaa
apprehending sound and meaning [generalities]
as suitable to be associated/mixed
sgra rtog gis btags pai ngo bor rang gi mtshan sgra don dres
nyid kyis grub pa establishment by way of its
own character as an entity for imputation by
terms and conceptual consciousnesses
sgra rtog
gis btags tsam ma yin par yul rang gi thun mong ma

yin pai sdod lugs kyi ngos nas grub pa
/ gdags dogs btags/
brtags thogs that which, not merely imputed by
terms or thought, is established from the side of
the objects own uncommon mode of subsistence
rung du dzin pai zhen rig

gzung dzin bzung zungs abdrtha-sasargayogyatograhaa-adhyavasya-savedana
determinative knower that apprehends a sound
[generality] and a meaning [generality] as
suitable to be associated/mixed
sgra
don dres rung du dzin pai zhen rig dang bral ba

free from being a determinative knower that
apprehends a sound [generality] and a meaning
[generality] as suitable to be associated/mixed

sgra rtog gis btags tsam ma yin par
sgra don dres rung du dzin pai zhen rig dang
rang gi mtshan nyid gyis grub pai chos
/ gdags dogs btags/
bral bai rig pa awareness free from being a

determinative knower that apprehends a sound
[generality] and a meaning [generality] as
suitable to be associated/mixed
brtags thogs phenomenon which, not merely

imputed by terms or thought, is established by
way of its own character
sgra mdo {PH}grammar treatise

sgra gnas kyi bsam gtan
sgra mthar thar pa liberation at the

end of sound
sgra mthar thar
concentration of abiding in sound
sgra spyi abdasmnya term-generality;
pa ster bai bsam gtan concentration bestowing

liberation at the end of sound
sound-generality {GD:436}term-universal
sgra spyi kho na dzin pai
sgra dang sgra mi rtag pa sgra dzin
rtog pa gzung dzin

bzung zungs conceptual consciousness that only
apprehends a meaning generality
mngon sum gyi snang yul du mtshungs sound

and sounds impermanence are similar in
being appearing objects of a direct perception
apprehending sound
sgra phyung ba

dbyung byin phyung phyungs {C}anubhate
{C}pronounce
sgra dog jug strict usage of a term
sgra
{GD:109} strictly
sgra don meaning of a term; term and
byas pa dang byas na mi rtag pas khyab pa tshad

mas ma nges par byas rtags las sgra mi rtag par
dzin pai blo awareness apprehending sound
meaning {PH}object [indicated by] words

object [indicated by] words {GD:248}
127
sgra mi rtag pa chos can
as impermanent through the sign of [its being] a

product without ascertaining by valid cognition
that sound is a product and that whatever is a
product is necessarily impermanent
sgra mi rtag par sgrub
sgra byung grags pa linguistically
pai rtags bsgrub sgrub

bsgrubs sgrubs sign/reason proving that sound is
impermanent
established; terminological suitability;

terminological suitability to call any object by
any name
sgra med {C}aabda without a sound;
sgra dbyangs {C}grghoa melody;
without terms/words {C}no word; without

words
melodious {C}melody
sgra dzin dbang mngon
sgra mi nyan Unpleasant Sound

sgra mi snyan kuru; uttarakuru
sense direct perception apprehending sound
Definitions:
unpleasant sound; Kurava {PH}unpleasant

sound
mtshan nyid/ rang gi thun
sgra mi snyan gyi zla Kaurava

sgra mi snyan pai mi {PH}people
mong ma yin pai bdag rkyen rna dbang dang / dmigs
rkyen sgra la brten nas skyes pai rtog pa dang bral zhing
ma khrul bai rig pa/ Def.: a non-mistaken nonconceptual knower produced in dependence upon its
own uncommon proprietary/empowering condition,
the ear sense power, and observed object condition,
a sound
of Uttarakuru (northern continent)
sgra mi rtag gam snyam

pai the tshom a doubting consciousness that
thinks, Is sound impermanent? [or, Sound is
probably impermanent.]
sgra gzhi
sgra mi rtag ces pai ngag tsam la
{PH}referent basis; basis of the
term
sgra rig pa {MSA}abda-vidy science
brten nas sgra mi rtag par dzin pai blo

awareness apprehending sound as impermanent
in dependence upon merely hearing, Sound is
impermanent
of grammar; science of grammar and philology

des gzhon nui tshe
bram ze lhai dbang po zhes bya ba dang / rgyal
rigs nyi mai blo gros la sgra rig pa brlab ste/
during his youth, [Majushrkrti] studied the
science of grammar and philology with the brahmin
Devendriya and the khatriya Sryamati {GZ
66a.6}
sgra mi rtag rtogs kyi

rjes dpag rtogs rtogs
rtogs rtogs inference realizing that sound is
impermanent
sgra las byung ba
byung byung byung byung {MSA}ghocr;

{GD:692} bda {GD:692} verbal testimony
sgra mi rtag rtogs kyi rjes dpag skad gcig gnyis pa

second moment of an inference realizing that
sound is impermanent
sgra shes par bya ba la
mkhas pa {C}ruta-jna-kaualya {C}skill in

the cognition of words
sgra mi rtag pa impermanence of

sound; impermanent sound
{PH}
the subject sounds [being] impermanent
128
sgra bshad etymology

sgrai skye mched abda-yatana
terminologically
sound sense-sphere
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rna shes kyi nyan bya Def.:
object heard by an ear consciousness
sgrai khams abda-dhtu soundconstituent
sgo nas dbye ba brjod rjod

brjod rjod terminological division {GD:176}
metaphorical division
sgras zin literal reading; literal level;

literality
sgrai dngos kyi bod bya
sgras zin kyi dgongs pa
{C}
skill in the cognition of words;{GD:420} direct
object signified by words
thought of the literal rendering
sgras zin gyi don meaning of the
sgrai jug gzhi referent of a term;
literal reading
basis of engagement of a term
sgrai brjod bya

brjod rjod brjod rjod object expressed/verbalized
by a term
sgrai snyan pa {L}abda-prya
sgras zin ltar na if taken literally

sgras zin la ma bstan not taught
on the literal level; not indicated in the literal
rendering
sgras zin sogs
melodious; well-sounding
kyis gsal bar mtshon pa clearly characterized/

make known by the literal term and so forth
{GD:515}clearly indicated by words
sgrai mi rtag pa impermanence of

sound
sgrai gzhan sel
sgras brjod rigs kyi
bsal sel bsald seld verbal other-exclusion

{GD:406}verbal exclusion
sgrai gzhi basis of a term

sgrai yul ma yin abdasyviaya
not an object of a term {GD:119} not directly
denotable by language
sgrai shugs {MSA}svara-veg force of
sgrig {PH}alignment; accord

sgrin competition /
bod kyi mi ni sgrin la tshor rkyen te/ The Tibetan

people, having a keen sense of competition, {GZ/
BG 69a.5}
sgrib
bsgrib/
sgrib/ bsgribs/ sgribs/ ni-v; -v; {C}

dhvnta; varana obstruct; defile; obstruction;
defilement {C}darkness
sgrib gyogs {PH}[smoke-] screen

sgrai lha sound deity
sgras brjod kyis terminologically

sgrib gnyis zad par spangs pai mthar thug gi
mkhyen pa spang spong
sgras brjod pa tsam
a term/word
brjod rjod brjod rjod merely expressed/
spangs spongs final exalted knower that involves

a state of having exhaustively abandoned the two
obstructions
verbalized by a term
sgras brjod rigs {PH}terminology

sgrib pa
sgras brjod rigs kyi sgo nas
bsgrib/ sgrib/ bsgribs/ sgribs/ {LCh,MSA,MV}
129
varaa;{LCh,MV,L}nvaraa; {MV}nivaraa;
{LCh}vti; {C,MSA,MV}vti; {C}dhvnta; {MV}
chdana; vt obstruction; obstruction,
defilement {C}obscuration; covering; veil;
hindrance shes sgrib obstructions to
omniscience nyon sgrib afflictive
obstructions [obstructions to liberation]
obstructions
sgrib pa med {MV}anvaraa; {MV}

anvti; {MV}nirvaraa unobstructed;
undefiled
sgrib pa med pa {C}vivta; {MSA,MV}

nirvaraa; {MV}anvaraa; {MV}anvti
unobstructed; undefiled {C}uncovered
sgrib pa brgyad kyi gnyen po
sgrib pa las nges par grol
{MSA}avaraa-pratipaka antidote to the

eight obstructions
ba grol grold grol

grold {MSA}varaa-nirmukta definite release
from obstructions
sgrib pa nyon mongs {C}varaaklea afflictive obstructions; obstructions to

liberation {C}obscurations of the afflictions
sgrib pa las thar pa {MSA}
sgrib pa gnyis {MSA}varaa-
varaa-nirmoka liberation from obstructions
sgrib pai mun stug
dvaya the two obstructions [namely, afflictive

obstructions and obstructions to omniscience]
darkness of obscuration
sgrib pa nang na yod pa those
sgrib byed obstructor; that which
whose obstruction is internal
obstructs
sgrib pa nang na yod
sgribs
bsgrib/
sgrib/ bsgribs/ sgribs/ obstruction; defilement;
obstruct; defile
pai yi dwags hungry ghost having internal

obstructions
sgrib pa spangs pai
sgribs pa lnga {PH}five obstructions

sgrim sgrim po {PH}fixed tight
sgrim ste jug pa balavhana
sems bskyed mind-generation of one who has

abandoned the obstructions
sgrib pa phyi na yod pa those
forcibly engaging; forcible engagement
whose obstruction is external
sgrib pa phyi na yod

pai yi dwags hungry ghost having external
obstructions
sgrib pa phyi nang gnyis

ka yod pa those whose obstructions are both
external and internal
sgrib pa phyi
nang gnyis ka yod pai yi dwags hungry ghost
having both external and internal obstructions
sgrib pa phra {MSA}skma ... varaa

subtle obstruction
sgrib pa sbyang ba

sbyang sbyong sbyangs sbyongs purify
{PH}dense
130
sgrung pa {PH}story teller

sgrung yig {PH}folk tale; folkstory
sgrub bsgrub
sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs ni-pad; {C}nipdayati

(=parinipadayati); prati-pad; {MSA}pratipatti;
{C}pratipadyate; sidh; {MSA}siddhi; {C}
nirhra; {C}samudnaya; {MSA}(sdh):
sdhayati achieve; attain; accomplish; prove;
complete; practice {C}calling forth; emission;
consummation; door; progress; hasten towards;
promise; behave; full attainment; accomplishes;
creates; perfects; achieves
sgrub ngag
anu positive; positive phenomenon;
achievement; achieving; proof; practice {C}
progress; progressive (path); accomplishment;
(reach) consummation; creation; path; practices;
(bound to) progress towards
Definitions:
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs proof statement;

statement of proof
sgrub ngag yang dag


mtshan nyid/ rang dzin
correct proof statement
sgrub jug

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs vidhipravtti
collective/complete/holistic/full engagement/
engager
rtog pas rang gi dgag bya dngos su bcad pai tshul gyis
rtogs par bya ba ma yin pai chos Def. of positive
Divisions:
dbye ba/ rje btsun pa: 1 rtog med tshad
ma 2 sgrub jug gi gang zag Div.: According
to Jay-tsn-pa: (1) non-conceptual prime/valid
cognition; (2) person who is a collective/complete/
holistic engager
sgrub jug gi gang zag
person who is a collective/complete/holistic
yongs su ma zhen pa la doms pa guidance

concerning thorough nonattachment which is a
cause of enhancing achieving
abhinirhrasvabhvo bhvanmrga [Great
Vehicle] path of meditation of achieving
engager
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs awareness
that is a collective/complete/holistic engager

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang yul la dngos dbang gis jug
pai rig pa Def.: an awareness engaging its object
by the power of the thing
sgrub rtags yang dag
sgrub pa khyad par du gro bai rgyu

sgrub pa sgom lam
sgrub jug gi blo
phenomenon: a phenomenon which is not an object

of comprehension by the conceptual consciousness
apprehending it through explicitly eliminating its
object of negation
sgrub pa chen po nyid
{MSA}pratipatti-mahattva greatness of
achievement
sgrub pa gnyis {MSA}
pratipatterdvayostath {PH}the two

achievements
sgrub pa don dam
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {LCh}sdhana

means of achievement {PH}means of
achievement
sgrub pa po
correct sign of a positive phenomenon
sgrub thabs
sgrub pa
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs practiceultimate [i.e., exalted wisdom of meditative

equipoise (mnyam gzhag ye shes)]

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}pratipatt
achiever; practitioner; accomplisher
bsgrub
sgrub pa phun sum
sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {LCh}vidhi; siddhi;

{LCh,MSA,C}nipatti; {LCh,MSA,MV,L}pratipatti;
{C}(=parinipatti = parinipadyante); pratipad
(=mrga); {MV}prapatti; prapannat; {C,MSA}
nirhra (e.g.: {MSA}sapdana; ubha-nirhra);
hra; upasahra (e.g.: nikleatopasahra);
tshogs pa dang ldan pa

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {C}pratipattisampanna possesses/endowed with the marvel
of achievement/accomplishment {C}able to
substantiate his claims
131
sgrub pa bla na med pa
dusdha difficult to achieve
sgrub par gyur
pai ldog pa rigs gcig pa

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs positive phenomena
which are the same isolate type
{MSA}siddhi ... anuttama highest/unsurpassed

achievement/accomplishment
sgrub pa mi nyams pai rgyu
sgrub par bgyid
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {C}hartr
theg chen gyi lam yongs su dzin pa la doms pa

guidance concerning thoroughly maintaining
Great Vehicle paths which is a cause of
nondegeneration from achieving
sgrub pai khyad par
prove; achieve; accomplish; establish {C}as
productive of; brings about
sgrub par gyur ro

{C}sampdayati prove; achieve; accomplish;

establish {C}perfect (oneself); progressively
train in
{MSA}pratipatti-viea feature of achievement/

accomplishment
sgrub pai che ba nyid
sgrub par byed

achievement/accomplishment
sgrub pai chos

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}
pratipatti-dharma doctrine of practice; practice;

positive phenomenon
definition/qualifications of achievement/
accomplishment
sgrub pai yan lag mi
brjod pa {VN} asdhangavacana {PH}stating

what is not the element of a means of proof; stating
what is not the factor of proof; stating what does
not have proof as the factor; not stating the factor of
proof; not stating the element of a means of proof
bsgrub
sgrub par mdzad
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs prove;

achieve; accomplish; establish; cause to prove;
taken as established
sgrub byai chos
sdhyadharma predicate of the probandum;

predicate being proven {GD:275}property
of the probandum, one of the four terms of an
argument (sbyor ba)
sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {C}haraka; {C}sdhana

{C}bring about; which effect

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {LCh}

sdhana; {LCh,MSA}sdhaka; {C}prasdhaka;
prasdhayati; {MV}prapadyate; {C}hrika
proof; probans; establish; prove; achieve;
accomplish; cause to prove {C}nourisher; nurse;
nourishes; that which feeds; one who accomplishes
{MSA}pratipatti-lakaa characteristic/
sgrub par dka

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {C}dadti
sgrub par byed pa
achieving
sgrub par
sgrub par byed kyi

{C}gives; give over to; permit
{PH}capacity for
sgrub pai mtshan nyid
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs sdhana; sdhaka;

{MSA}(pratipad): pratipadyate; {MV}prapadyate;
yang dag sgrub par byed - {MSA}(sam-ud-n)
prove; achieve; accomplish; establish; cause to
prove
{MSA}pratipatti-mhtmya greatness of
sgrub pai nus pa
132
sgro btags
sgrub byed

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {L}sdhaka; {L}
siddha; sdhana proof; establish; establisher
that which accomplishes/succeeds/proves; proof;
/
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs samropa;
sgrub byed dam pa

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs sdhakam-
matam {GD:626}constitutive factor; epistemic

establisher
ropa; {L}ropayati; ropita superimposed;

reified; exaggerated; superimposition;
reification; exaggeration
sgro btags kyi

cha gzhan bkag nas having refuted other
superimposed factors
sgrub byed phen sgro btags pa

pai thal gyur yang dag correct consequence
which implies a proof check Med for five types??
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ thal gyur yang
dag gang zhig bzlog don tshul gsum tshang ba Def.:
that which (1) is a correct consequence and (2)
implies its opposite meaning
sgrub byed
mi phen pai thal gyur yang dag correct

consequence which does not imply a proof check
Med for five types??
sgrub byed med
pai dam bca tsam du zad

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs exhausted as a
mere thesis lacking a proof
sgrub byed yang dag

samyak-sdhana correct proof
sgrub tshul

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs mode of proof
sgrubs
bsgrub sgrub
bsgrubs sgrubs achieve; attain; accomplish;

prove; complete
sgreng
bsgreng sgreng
bsgrengs sgrengs raise
sgrengs
bsgreng
sgro skur
samropya superimposed; exaggerated; reified
sgro dogs
/
{LCh,L,MV}samropa; {LCh,L,MV}ropa; {MSA}

adhi (=adhyropa); ropita superimposition;
exaggeration; reification; overestimation;
that which superimposes/exaggerates/ reifies/
overestimates
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang
gi dmigs yul gyi don de las lhag par lta bai blo Def.:
an awareness viewing that object which is its object
of observation as more than it [is]
sgro dogs pa dang

skur pa debs pa {MSA}dhyropa ... apavda;
{MSA}samroppavda superimposition and
depreciation
sgro ba debate; discuss

sgro ma brtags pai yul
/ gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs non-reified object
sgrog
bsgrag sgrog
bsgrags/ sgrogs/ {LCh}ghu; {LCh}ava-ghu

proclaim; declare; shout forth
sgrog bzhin constant/continuing

reverberation
bsgrag sgrog
bsgrags/ sgrogs/ to proclaim; declare; shout

forth
sgro
dogs dang skur debs/ superimposition and

depreciation
/ gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs
sgrogs
sgreng bsgrengs sgrengs raise
133
sgrogs pa
bsgrag
sgrog bsgrags/ sgrogs/ {C}nadati; {C}nadate; {C}
nadanat proclaim; declare; shout forth {C}
roars; roaring; resounding declaration
sgrogs par byed {C}nimayt
brgal rgal brgald rgold {C}

durgasakrama bridge difficult to cross {C}
bridge leading to inaccessible places
brgal nas
brgal
rgal brgald rgold {C}tra having crossed over;
having objected/debated {C}(I have) crossed;
having crossed over; surpassing
proclaim; declare; shout forth {C}preach
sgron ma, sgron me {C}pradpa;
{MSA}dpa; {C}ulka lamp; light {C}torch;

meteor

sgron ma gsal bar byed pa zhes bya bai
rgya cher bshad pa, sgron gsal [Candrakrtis]
Brilliant Lamp: Extensive Commentary [on the
Guhyasamja Tantra] [P2650, vol. 60]
sgron me, sgron ma pradpa; dpa
brgal ba
brgal
rgal brgald rgold {C}tra; {C}uttra; {MSA}

kipta; {MSA}plava cross over; objection;
object; disputation {C}(I have) crossed; having
crossed over; surpassing; escaped from; (definitely)
crossed over
brgal ba dang lan
brgal rgal brgald rgold {MV}codya-
lamp; light

sgron gsal, sgron ma gsal bar byed pa
parihra objections and answers
zhes bya bai rgya cher bshad pa [Candrakrtis]

Brilliant Lamp: Extensive Commentary [on the
Guhyasamja Tantra] [P2650, vol. 60]
sgrol
brgal dka bai zam pa
bsgral sgrol
bsgrald sgrold {LCh}t liberate; save; free;

release
brgal lan
brgal rgal brgald rgold answers to objections;

objections and answers
brgald
brgal rgal
brgald rgold cross over; object; controversy;
objection
sgrol ba
bsgral
brgya {LCh,L}ata hundred

brgya gyur gyis lhag
sgrol ma
bsgral
brgya phrag bcu gnyis {MSA}
sgrol bsgrald sgrold {C}nistrayit; {MSA}

uttraa liberate; save; free; release {C}one
who has finished with
pa yin pas gyur gyurd

gyur gyurd since it is a hundredfold greater than
sgrol bsgrald sgrold tr Tr; liberatrix
sgrol mdzad
dvdaa-ata twelve hundred
brgya byin {C}akra akra; Shakra [a
bsgral sgrol bsgrald sgrold liberate; save; free;

release; untie; one who liberates/saves/frees/
releases/unties
name for Indra, the king of the gods in Hindu

mythology]
brgya byin la sogs pa {MSA}
sgrold
bsgral sgrol
bsgrald sgrold liberate; save; free; release
akrdi akra and so forth
brgal
brgal rgal
brgald rgold cross over; objection; object;
disputation controversy; disputation; cross
134
brgya lam {PH}rare

brgya lam na {PH}rarely; occasionally
brgyad aa eight
brgyad ka {PH}all eight

brgyad cu rtsa gcig
brgyud kyis dag pa {C}mtuddha {C}of pure race
brgyud gal praparyavirodha
{PH}eighty-
one
brgyad stong don
indirect contraction/contradictories
brgyud rgyu paraparyakraa;
bsdus bsdu sdud

bsdus sdus prajpramitpirtha
[Digngas] Summary Meanings of the
Eight Thousand Stanza Perfection of
Wisdom Stra [prajpramitpirtha /
prajpramitsagrahakrik, brgyad stong
don bsdus / shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin ma
bsdus pai tshig leur byas pa; P5207, vol. 94]
praparyakraa indirect cause

Definitions: mtshan nyid/
brgyud nas skyed byed Def.: indirect producer
brgyud ldan [lineage-possessing];

lineaged
brgyud ldan
brgyad pa {MV}aama; {MV}aamx
mkhas pai ded dpon bsten

bsten sten bstend stend relied on captains who
are scholars possessing the transmission
eighth
brgyad pa sa aamakabhmi ground
brgyud nas skyed bya
of the eighth
brgyad pai sa {LCh,C}aamaka-
bhmi eighth ground; level of the eighth {C}

eighth-lowest stage
brgyan pa
brgyan
rgyan brgyand rgyand alakta; {MSA}hrbhita adorned; decorate; ornament; beautify;
wear
brgyar bzhags pa {C}atadh-
brgyal
rgyal brgyald rgyald {LCh}mrccha faint
brgyal ba la sogs pai
skabs brgyal rgyal

brgyald rgyald occasion/time of fainting and so
forth
brgyal bar gyur {C}ptyate
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed indirect

producer
brgyud pa {LCh,MSA}parapar; {LCh}

pramparya; {MSA}prapar indirect;
lineaged
brgyud pai byin rlabs
{PH}
brgyud bras paraparya-phala

indirect effect
brgyud mar {C}parampar indirect;

lineaged; successive {C}regular succession
brgyud dzin chos bdag
{PH}
master who holds the lineage transmission
bsgo
bsgo sgo bsgos sgos

pari-bhu infuse; deposit; order
{C}
is struck down
brgyud kyi nyer len indirect
bsgo ba {PH}command; order

bsgo bar bsgo sgo
substantial cause
brgyud kyi lhan cig byed
bsgos sgos {C}adha (=adhyeita) infuse;

deposit; order {C}asked about; bidden (to
come); requested
rkyen indirect cooperative condition
brgyud nas skyed byed
the blessings of the lineage
bhinna {C}split a hundredfold
brgyal ba
{PH}that
which is indirectly produced
135
bsgo bar byed
{MV}( bh): bhvayati; {L}bhva meditate;

meditatively cultivate {C}being
bsgoms pa las byung ba
bsgo sgo bsgos sgos {C}diati infuse; deposit;

order; cause to infuse, etc. {C}announce; tell
bsgo gzhi basis of infusion/depositing

bsgom bsgom
{MSA}bhvanmaya; {L}bhvanmay arisen

from meditation
bsgoms pa las byung
sgom bsgoms sgoms {MV}( bh): bhvayanti

meditate; meditatively cultivate cultivation
bai shes rab byung

byung byung byung {LCh}bhvanmay-praj
wisdom arisen from meditation
bsgom pa
bsgom
sgom bsgoms sgoms {L,MSA,MV}bhvan; {MV}
bhvana meditate; meditatively cultivate
cultivation; development; practice
bsgoms pai nyams
yid la char ba a dawning to mind of meditative

experience; a dawning to mind of spiritual
experience from meditation
bsgom pa thabs la brten pa

{MSA}upya-sanirit bhvan meditation/
cultivation relying upon method
bsgom pa las byung
bsgoms pai stobs
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms power
byung byung byung byung {MSA}
of meditation; power of having cultivated
bsgoms par bya

bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {MSA}
bhvan-may arisen from meditation
bsgom pai lam

bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {L,MV}
bhvayitavya to be cultivated; to be meditated

on; that which is to be cultivated/to be meditated
on
bhvan-mrga; {C}bhvan-patha path of

meditation {C}path of development
bsgom par rnam pa jig
bsgoms pas thob pai lam
bsgom par bya ba ma yin pa
bsgos
pa {C}vibhvan (=nih-mrga kayaanutpda-jnam) {C}annihilation; undone; clear

understanding; undevelopment
bsgom sgom bsgoms

sgoms {C}abhvya not to be cultivated in
meditation {C}not to be developed
bsgo sgo bsgos

sgos pari-bhu; {L}vsita infuse; deposit; order
abide in
bsgo sgo
bsgos sgos {L}vsita; {MSA}bhvan; {MV}
bhvita infuse; deposit; order abide in
bya ba {MV}bhvan-heya that which is

to be abandoned by meditation; object of
abandonment by meditation
bsgoms
bsgom
sgom bsgoms sgoms {C}vibhvayanto meditate;
meditatively cultivate {C}development;
practice; having meditated

bsgyur
bsgyur sgyur
bsgyurd sgyurd {MSA}pariati transform;

change; affect; control; form
bsgyur bcos
{PH}correction; corrected
translation
dul bai skor dang nyis khri sogs la
bsgyur bcos mang po mdzad; He made many

corrections to the translations of the vinaya [texts]
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {MSA,MV}bhvan;
thobs {MSA}paribhvita-pratilabdha-mrga
path attained through meditation
bsgos pa
bsgom pas spang bar
bsgoms pa
136
sgrib/ bsgribs/ sgribs/ {MSA}varaa; {MSA}vti
obstruct; defile
and [Perfection of Wisdom in] Twenty Thousand

Lines. {GCG} p.21
bsgyur ba
bsgribs na {C}vta if/when
bsgyur
obstructed/defiled {C}covered; covered with
sgyur bsgyurd sgyurd {MSA}parimana;

{MSA}parimik; {MSA}vartaka; {MSA}vartin
transform; change; affect; control; form
bsgrag
bsgrag sgrog
bsgrags/ sgrogs/ proclaim; declare; shout forth
bsgrags
bsgrag
sgrog bsgrags/ sgrogs/ yongs su bsgrags = {MSA}

parikrtita proclaim; declare; shout forth
bsgrags pa

bsgrag sgrog bsgrags/ sgrogs/ {C}krtana; {C}
krtita; {MSA}ravita (e.g.: brahma-svara-rutaravita; yang dag (par) bsgrags pa = {MSA}
sarvaa) proclaim; declare; shout forth
{C}renown; fame; proclaimed
bsgral
bsgral sgrol
bsgrald sgrold {MSA}uttaraa liberate; save;
free
bsgral ba
bsgral
sgrol bsgrald sgrold {L}uttarati; {L}tarai
liberate; save; free cross over; rise above; boat
bsgral ba bya ba
bsgral sgrol bsgrald sgrold {L}uttarati; {L}
tarai liberate; save; free cross over; rise above;

boat
bsgral bar byao

bsgral sgrol bsgrald sgrold {C}
parimocayitavya should/will liberate/free/save

{C}I should liberate
bsgrald
bsgral sgrol
bsgrald sgrold liberate; save; free
bsgrib
bsgrib/
bsgrund sgrun
bsgrun sgrund compete; vie with
bsgrub
bsgrub
sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MV}abhinirhra; {MV}
sdhya; {C}nipdayati (=parinipdayati)
achieve; attain; accomplish; prove; complete
{C}accomplishes; creates; perfects; achieves
bsgrub cing

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {C}pratipadyamna
achieve; attain; accomplish; prove; complete
{C}when he progresses
bsgrub nas

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {C}pratipadyate
having achieved/attained/accomplished/proved/
completed {C}progress; hasten towards;
promise; behave
bsgrub pa
bsgrub
sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {L,MV,MSA}pratipatti; {C}
pratipad; {C}pratipadyate; {C}mrga; {C}hartr;
{C}upanyaka; {C}vihapana; {MSA}anuhna;
{MSA}sdhana (e.g.: artha-kriy-sdhana); {MV}
nirhra achieve; attain; accomplish; complete;
establish; prove {C}progress; progressive
path; as productive of; brings about; lead to; path;
practices; (bound to) progress towards; fabricated
appearance
bsgrub pai sa
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {C}
will obstruct/defile {C}obscures
bsgrun
bsgrub par gyur
bsgrib par gyur ro {C}voti

bsgrib/
tamo-vta) obstruction; defilement; obstruct;

defile
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {C}pratipattibhmi ground of achievement {C}progressive

stages
sgrib/ bsgribs/ sgribs/ obstruction; defilement;

obstruct; defile
bsgribs
bsgribs pa {MSA}vta; {MSA}vta (e.g.:
samudgacchati (=samudagacchati) will achieve/
137
bsgrubs byas shing
attain/accomplish {C}arrive at; result in; gain;

full knowledge; attain enlightenment; rise up
together; reach the fullness of perfection

bsgrub par bya ba {MSA}
samudnayati (=anuprpnoti = samudnayanat)
pratipattavya; pratipatti; sdhya {PH}that which

is to be proven (probandum); thesis
bsgrub par byao

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {C}harati
brings; brings about
bsgrub bya sdhana probans; proof;
means of proof {PH}that which is to be proven

(probandum); thesis

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {LCh}sdhya
probandum; proposition; proven; that which is
to be proven; object being proven; thesis {PH}
that which is to be proven (probandum); thesis
bsgrub bya mthar thug
grub pa la bsgrub sgrub

bsgrubs sgrubs in order to achieve the final
object of achievement
bsgrub byai chos

sdhya-dharma predicate of the probandum;

quality/predicate to be proved {GD:783}
property of the probandum
sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}sampadita achieve;

attain; accomplish; prove; complete
bsgreng
bsgrol te
bsgral
sgrol bsgrald sgrold {C}uttrayitavya liberate;
save; free; release {C}should be rescued
nga aham; tman I

words
ngai tshig my
nga rgyal {LCh,L,MSA,MV}mna; {C}
manyan; {L}adhimna; {MSA,MV}abhimna

(e.g.: {MSA}ama-mtra-abhimna); {MV}
unnati; ahakra [I-victor]; pride; I-principle
{PH}self-confidence; I-principle; ego {C}
egocentricity; conceit; (vain) conceitedness;
minding
When the I-principle is divided, [there are] three:

the activity dominated I-principle, the lightness
dominated I-principle, and the darkness dominated
I-principle. {Gn}
nga rgyal gyi zil gyis non
cing {C}mna-abhibhta overwhelmed by the

vibrance of pride/conceit {C}overcome by
conceit
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {C}samsdhya

having achieved/attained/accomplish/proven/
completed {C}having met with
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {C}upahra;

{C,MSA}sdhita; {MSA}sapdan (e.g.:
adhipraj-sapdan; yang dag par bsgrubs pa =
{MSA}samudnta) achieve; attain; accomplish;
prove; complete {C}achievement; achieved
bsgrengs
bsgrub
bsgrubs pa
bsgreng
mthe bo gnyis
bsgrub bya
bsgrubs nas
bsgreng
rdo rje ste/ mi phyed pai tshul gyis gshibs te

bsgreng bas align and raise the two thumbs in the
manner of a vajra, that is to say, inseparably{Dor
26a.5/235.5}
will/should achieve/attain/accomplish {C}
bsgrubs
{C}to procure
138
nga rgyal can {L}abhimna; {L}
abhimnika; {MSA}mnin prideful; conceited

proud; boastful; conceited
nga rgyal gcom
{PH}pride and
conceit [His] pride and conceit
were diminished.
nga rgyal bcag pai {C}nihata-
nga roi rnam pa
{PH}tone
nga roi rnam pai
mna {C}(one who) has slain (all) pride
nga rgyal dang bcas pa {MSA}
mtshon rtags ni gsham gsal ltar ro; The indicating

sign of the tone is as clarified below. {TBRC}
samna prideful; proud; conceited
nga rgyal du gyur ba
W20229 vol. 2; p.2
ngag {LCh,L,MSA,MV}vk; vc speech

ngag kyal sabhinnapralpa senseless
adhimanyate prideful; proud; conceited {C}

be conceited
speech/talk
nga rgyal phra ba {MSA}skma-mna ngag gi sgra sounds of speech

subtle pride/conceit
ngag gi dngos po {C}vg-vastu
nga rgyal med pa {MSA}nirma;
verbal thing {C}merely a nominal entity
{MSA}nirmna without pride/conceit
ngag gi tha snyad verbal convention
nga rgyal las kyang nga rgyal
{GD:726} verbal designations for a name applied
{C}mna-atimna (=reyasa reynaham iti)
pride beyond pride {C}hauteur
to an object
ngag gi lam dang sgra {C}vk-
nga dang ngai zhes bya ba
patha-ghoa {C}the sound of the paths of speech
ngag chal senseless chatter

ngag snyan pa {C}priya-vadya; {C}
{MSA}aha mameti I and mine; I and my
nga tsam mere-I; only I
{PH}mere I;
mere notion of a self
laka pleasant speech/talk {C}kind words;

soft; smooth
nga tsho we
nga yi ba mama; tmya mine
nga yir dzin pa
ngag dbang chos grags
{GD:xii,845}Nga-w#ang-ch-drak [1572-1641, a
S#a-g#ya author on epistemology]
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C,MSA}
ngag dbang dpal ldan Ngag-
mama-kra (e.g.: {C,MSA}ahakra-mamakra)

conceive/apprehend as mine {C}mine-making
wang-pal-dan [also called Pal-dan-ch-jay (dpal

ldan chos rje) b. 1797]
nga rang gnyis we two

nga ro nda roar {PH}roar; pronunciation
seng gei nga ro chen po great

lions roar ming dang tshig
tshigs kyi nga ro, The Pronunciation of Words and
Combinations of Letters {TBRC} W20229 vol. 2, p.2
nga ro chen po
{PH}great roar
bdag med par
sgra brjod pai senggei nga ro chen po sgrog
pa; He bellows forth the great lions roar that
proclaims the word that [all are] selfless. {LVS} =
1-02-00087-H96-SID000125
139
ngag dbang blo bzang rgya
mtsho Ngag-wang-lo-sang-gya-tsho [1617-1682,

The Fifth Dalai Lama]
ngag dben verbal isolation; isolation of

speech
ngag mi smra ba {PH}not speaking

ngag smra speak
ngag tshad ma valid speech
ngang {LCh}nisarga; {LCh,MSA}rasa; {L}
ngan du brjod par byed
dhytma situation; within; nature; condition;

state; sphere taste; character; disposition;
essence; internal; inside; within; inner
brjod rjod brjod rjod {L}kutsayanti

condemn
ngang skya grey teal

ngang gis byung ba yod na
yang byung byung byung

byung even if it did occur naturally
ngang nas from within the state; from

within
ngang pai rgyal po {C}hasa-rja

king of the geese {C}the royal goose
ngang pai stabs su
bzhud pa yin {C}hasa-vikrnta-gmin {C}one

who moves in the manner of a goose
ngang tshul state; natural state; condition;

inner mode
ngad strong aroma

ngan {MSA}avara; {MSA}asat bad
ngan gro {LCh,MSA}durgati [bad-go];
ngan groi skye ba gog pai so sor btags min

gyi gog pa non-analytical cessation which is a
cessation of birth in a bad transmigration
ngan du zer ba {C}dur-bhita
{C}
insulting; insulting words
ngan bdud evil devil

ngan bdud kyi pho nya messenger
of an evil devil
ngan pa {L}kuhan; {MSA}ku- (e.g.: ku-
ceita; etc.); {MSA}dua; {C,MSA}hna; puria

bad; excrement {C}false; imposter; cheat;
inferior; low; small; disagreeable; left behind; mean
ngan pai wa skyes bad wolf

ngan sems {PH}evil thought; evil intent
ngan song song song
{PH}*Durgati-par
iodhana/*Durgatyapoha/*Apypoha [p.n. of
Bodhisattva]
gamana go to a bad transmigration
ngan gror ltung ba fall into a bad
ngan song du skye bar gyur

ba song song song song
{C}apya-savartanya will be born in a bad
transmigration {C}liable to lead to the states of
woe
transmigration
ngan ngon {C,MSA}avara; {C}avaraka; {L}

itaretara {C}small; puny; vile; pitiful; mutual;
one another
brjod rjod
brjod rjod {C}dur-ukta {C}offensive; offensive

word
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}dur-gata {C}abusive;

abusive words
offensive; offensive word
ngan song sel
ngan gror gro ba {MV}durgati-
ngan du brjod pa
{C}
song song {LCh,MSA}apya; {LCh}durgati;

{MSA}ppa(?) [bad-went]; bad state; bad
transmigration; bad condition
ngan song thams cad yongs
su sbyong bai rgyud Purification of All Bad
Migrations Tantra (sarva-durgati-pariodhanatantra) [a Yoga Tantra]
bad transmigration; bad condition
ngan brjod
ngan du smras pa {C}dur-ukta
140
ngan song du lhung fall into a bad

transmigration
ngan song pa
song
song song song {C}apya; {L,MSA}apyika; {L}
durgati bad transmigration; one who is in a
bad transmigration {C}place of woe; states of
woe; become; taste; drink; proceed; bad rebirth(s);
wretched; tiny
ngan song gsum
song song song song {C}tri-apya; {C}tri-apyi;

{C}triyapaya the three bad transmigrations
{C}the three states of woe; the three places of woe
tiredness

gam ngam dam nam bam mam am/ ram lam sam
rnams byed sdud sgra gam, ngam, dam, nam,
bam, mam am, ram, lam, and sam are disjunctive
and conjunctive sounds
ngal ba {LCh,MSA}rama; {LCh}klama

fatigue; weariness; tiredness
ngams gyur ong zhes {C}hni

{C}failure; diminution; decrease; waning; loss
ngai chos
ngai phrag pa la {C}sama-aena

gtad gtod btad gtod {C}anuparndmi
ngai mig my eye

ngao snyam pa {LCh}asmimna the
{C}I transmit; (I) entrust; again entrust
ngu bod raurava cry; Crying [Hell]

ngur pa duck {PH}duck
ngur smig dzin pa {PH}saffron-
thought I
ngao snyam pai nga rgyal {C}

asmi-mna pride of thinking I {C}selfconceit
clothed; monk
ngur smrig {LCh,C}kya saffron
ngar intensity; to me {PH}rough; coarse

ngar dzin
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MV,TN}ahakti the

conception as/of I; conception of [an inherently
existent] I selfishness; grasping
ngar dzin gyi gzhi

gzung dzin bzung zungs basis of the
conception/apprehension of I
gzung dzin bzung zungs object of the
conception/apprehension of a [truly existent] I
{PH}saffron {C}saffron; reddish-yellow; yellow

robe
me tog
phreng rgyud du, ngur smrig btsag dang sngon po
zhes rung tshon gsum gsungs pai btsag mdog de
yin rgyur dug, That would seem to be the red
ochre hue that is spoken of [as one of] three suitable
colors saffron, red ochre, and blue in the Flower
Garland Tantra. {GCC} p.14
ngur smrig gos {PH}saffron-robes

ngur smrig dzin pa {PH}one who
wears saffron (i.e. monk [Buddhist])
nges
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}ahakra

conception/apprehension of I {C}I-making
gtad gtod btad gtod {C}
ngas yongs su gtod
{C}an equal share
ngar dzin pa
ngal ba mang with much weariness

ngas by me
ngas yongs su gtad kyis
anuparndmi {C}I transmit; (I) entrust; again

entrust
dul ba my disciplinary doctrine
ngar dzin gyi yul
nga yir dzin pa gzung

dzin bzung zungs {MSA}ahakra-mamakra
conception/apprehension of I and conception/
apprehension of mine
ngal {MSA}rama fatigue; weariness;
ngam or; and; particle indicating question
ngai my; mine
ngar dzin pa dang
nges nges nges
nges {L}niyata; {L}ekntika; {MSA}aikntya;
141
nges pa dren pa induce
{MSA}ntatva; {MSA}vyavasiti ascertain;

ascertainment; certain certain; truth;
exceedingly; devoted to one aim only
ascertainment/certainty
nges pa med a-niyama non-restriction;
nges ngo [ascertainment-face];
no ascertainment/certainty
ascertainment factor
nges ngor to/for the ascertainment factor

nges bcom ste
gzhom joms bcom choms {C}nihanitvana;

{MSA}(ni han): nihatya {C}slain
nges pa zhugs pa
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C}abhiprasthita

{C}set out; well set out
nges pai {C}niyatam (=avaya)
{C}
nges cha ascertainment factor

nges pai don {L}ntrtha definitive;
nges rtogs rtogs
definitive meaning; definitive object
rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}nidhyna; {L}nidhna {C}
nges pai don gyi mdo
meditation
sde ma thos pa {MSA}ntrtha-strntravaa
not hearing stras of definitive meaning
nges don, nges pai don
nges pai tshig, nges tshig
{LCh,MSA}ntrtha definitive meaning;

definitive; definitive object
{L,MSA}nirukti; {C}nirukti-pratisavid; {C}

sunirukta; {MSA}nirukta; {MSA}nirvacana
creative etymology; contextual etymology {C}
grammatical analysis; analytical knowledge of a
language; well-analyzed (grammatically)
nges don gyi mdo ntrtha-stra

stra of definitive meaning
nges sdom {A4C} niyama
{PH}self-
restraint; resolute restraint
nges pai tshig la gdon
nges pa {LCh,L,MSA}niyata; {LCh}
mi za bar {L}nirukti-nirdea {C}exposition of

language
niyama; {C}niyatim; {C}eknta; {C,L}ekntika;

{MSA}aikntika; {C}avayam; ni ci: {MSA}
nicaya; {MSA}nicita; {MSA}vinicita; {GD:618}
adhyavasaya verb: ascertain; determine;
restrict; noun: ascertainment; certainty; adj.:
determined; ascertained; definite; definiteness;
limited; certain {C}truth; exceedingly;
devoted to one aim only; (it is) of necessity; in all
circumstances; definitely; exceedingly; bound to;
{GD:618} certainty
nges par {C,MV}niyatam (={C}avayam)

definitely; definite; certainly {C}to be sure to
nges par skyes pa {C}niryta
definitely produced {C}come into being; is

issued from; gone forth; removal
nges par gyur ba {C}niyata;
{MSA}niyati-pta; {MSA}nicayo bhavati; {MSA}

naiyamya-pta become definite; certain {C}
fixed (on); definitely fixed; established; destined for;
certainty
nges pa nyid {C}nicitatva
{PH}
ascertainment (a consciousness) {C}certainty
nges pa rnyed pa gain/find
nges par grel pa
ascertainment/certainty
nges pa drang
pai sgo nas jug ldog byed {GD:185} applying to

the practical world through inducing ascertainment
certainly; to be sure to; definitely
142

bkral grel bkrald greld {L,MV}
nirmocana; {L}nisaraa; {MSA}nirmoka(a)

(e.g.: sadhi-nirmokaa) unravel; commentary;
elucidation; explanation free; liberate;
deliverance; deliver; escape; going forthfree;
liberate; deliverance; deliver; escape; going forth
nges par jug par byed pa
byung byung byung byung {MSA}vinista (e.g.:

bhmi-vinista) definitely arose/emerged
nges par byung ba
{C}niveika (=avavda-din pratihpik)

definitely engage in {C}place oneself into
nges par brjod

byung byung byung byung {C}niryta
definitely arose/emerged
nges par byed {MSA}nicayam eti;
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}nirucyate; {MSA}(ni

rp): nirpyate definitely express/verbalize
{C}is described
nges par rtogs pa
{MV}niyatkaraa ascertain; determine
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}vibodhati;
{MSA}nidhyna; {C}nirvedhika definitely realize;

definite realization meditation; {C}discerns;
sharp; penetration; penetrating
nges par rtogs par byao
{C}ni gantavya; {C}ni gantavy will/should

definitely realize {C}one should be quite certain
that
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}vibodhati

definitely realize; that which is definitely realized
{C}discerns
nges par ston par byed pa
{C}nidarika (=prasthna-pratipattyviearpea) definitely teach/indicate {C}defines;

one who reveals
nges par bsten
nges par thob par byed pa
thobs {C}nirvhika (=nikarika) definitely

obtain/gain/attain; definite means of attainment
{C}carry away
thob/thob thob thob thobs definitely
nges par byung
nges par byin pa

dbyung byin phyung phyungs {L}
nges par byung
byung byung byung byung {C,MV}nirya; (nir

y): {C,MSA,MV}niryti; {C}niryyanya; {MSA}
nisti definitely emerge/arise {C}going forth;
goes forth; go forth
nges par byung ba
byung byung byung byung {C,L,MSA}

nisaraa; {C}pratisaraa; {C,MV}niryti; {C}
niryta; {MSA,MV}nirya; {MSA}nairyikatva;
{MSA}nairyya definite emergence [from
cyclic existence]; renunciation {C}goes forth;
come into being; issued from; gone forth; removal;
support
bcas pa byung byung
byung byung {C}sanisaraa together with
renunciation; together with definite emergence
[from cyclic existence] {C}with escape; which
includes the possibility of escape
bsten sten bstend stend {C}nievita definitely

rely upon/make use of/stay close to/adhere to
{C}practicing
obtain/gain/attain
determining
nges par byung ba dang
nges par thob pa
ascertain; determine; means of ascertaining/
nairyika; avadhraa issue forth; deliverance
nges par rtogs bya
nges par byed pa {MV}niyatkaraa
143
nges par byung ba med pa
byung byung byung

byung {C}apratisaraa non-renunciation; nonemergence {C}without support
nges par byung bar gyur

te byung byung byung
byung {C}nirysyanti will definitely emerge;
will renounce {C}will come forth
nges par byung ba;
highest boon; the definitely good
nges byung byung

byung byung byung {L,C}nisaraa definite
emergence [from cyclic existence]; renunciation
{C}escape; going forth; freedom from faults
nges par byed pa nirvedya; {C}
rang bzhin {PH}transgressions [of vows] and

natural [offenses]
{C}nirvedha-gmin go to definite differentiation

{C}which leads to piercing
nges par byed pai shes
by the power of ascertainment {GD:526} the

power of ascertainment
pa {LCh}nairyika deliverance; salvation;

rescue
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord definite joining/

application/endeavor
byung byung byung byung {C}anirya
non-emergence; non-renunciation {C}absence

of going forth; not going forth
nges par dzin

gzung dzin bzung zungs {MV}avadhra;
avadhraa definitely apprehend/grasp/conceive
nges byin deliverance

nges byung
byung byung byung byung {LCh}nisaraa;

{C}niryyat; {MSA}nirya; {MSA}niryta; {N}
nairyika; {C}naikramya [definitely-emerge];
thought definitely to leave cyclic existence;
definite emergence [from cyclic existence];
renunciation; thought definitely to leave [cyclic
existence] {C}goes forth; leaving home
nges byung sgrub pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C,MV,MSA}
niryapratipatti; sabhrapratipatti definitely

issuative achieving; achieving definite emergence
avadhraa; {MSA}nirdhraa; {MV}avadhra

definitely apprehend/grasp/conceive {C}
accurate determination
nges par gzhol ba {C}paryaa
definitely flowing {C}ending in (e.g.: sambodhi);

(bound to) end in
nges par gzung ba

gzung dzin bzung zungs {L}avadhraa
definitely apprehend/grasp/conceive accurate

determination
nges par legs pa {LCh}nireyas
nges byung blo
byung byung byung byung attitude of intending

to leave [cyclic existence]
nges byung med
byung byung byung byung {C}anirya nonemergence; non-renunciation {C}absence of

going forth; not going forth
nges byung yan lag

niryga branch of definite emergence
definite goodness [of liberation from cyclic
existence and/or omniscience]; summum bonum;
nges dbang gis jug engage
nges byin, nges par byin
rab {C}nairvedhika-praj exalted wisdom of

definite differentiation {C}penetrating wisdom
nges par dzin pa
nges par sems pa {C}nidhyapti
nges byas bcas pa dang
nges par byed pa gro ba
nges par mi byung
nia-gatena ... gantavya should/will definitely

ascertain {C}one should know for certain
{C}meditation; pacification
nirvedha (=dharmadhtu-rpea-adhigamt)
definite differentiation {C}penetration
nges par sbyor
nges par shes par byao {C}
144
nges byed definite descrimination
nges byed cha mthun
{LCh,C,MV}nirvedha-bhgya concordance with

a portion of definite discrimination; concordant
with definite differentiation; partial concordance
with definite differentiation / discrimination
{C}Aids to Penetration
nges byed yan lag {C)nirvedha-
aga limb of definite discrimination; [four]

limbs of definite differentiation/discrimination;
branch of definite differentiation/discrimination
{C}Aids to Penetration
nges tshig creative etymology; contextual

etymology
nges tshig, nges pai tshig

{LCh}nirukti contextual etymology; creative
etymology
gzung
dzin bzung zungs {C}avadhraa definite
apprehension; definitely apprehend/grasp/
conceive {C}accurate determination
ngo mnyam equality; equality of entity

ngo der yod na if [something] exists
for/in the perspective
ngo gnong [face-be ashamed]; be ashamed

ngo sprad sprad sprod
sprad sprod
sprad sprod identify; introduce; point out
ngo bo {LCh,MSA}bhva; {LCh,L}svabhva;
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}avadhraa

definitely apprehend/grasp/conceive {C}
accurate determination
nges bzung emphasis

nges bzung ba distinguish
nges legs, nges par legs
pa nireyasa definite goodness [of liberation
from cyclic existence and/or omniscience];
summum bonum; highest boon; the definitely
good
{C}svbhvya; {LCh}vastu; {C}bhva; {C,MSA}

rpa (e.g.: abhta-rpa); rpam entity; nature
{PH}entity; actuality; object {C}existence;
positivity; positive existent (=the five skandhas);
concerns; state of own-being; inherent existence;
entityness; own-nature
rang gi ngo bo dzin pa chos kyi mtshan nyid the
definition of phenomenon is that which holds its
own entity
ngo bo rgyu rkyen gyis
ma bskyed pa bskyed skyed

bskyed skyed [its] entity is not produced by
causes and conditions
nges shes nicaya-jna; {GD:494}

adhyavasaya ascertaining consciousness;
determinative consciousness {GD:494}
perceptual judgement
ngo bo nges pa kraniyata definite
nature/entity {GD:124} determinate with respect

to its nature
ngo {LCh}mukha face; perspective; (particle

rang gi ngo skal gyi spang bya its corresponding

ngo sprod
indicating the end of a statement) {PH}

[terminating particle]; with respect to; relative to;
from the perspective of
ngo skal corresponding
sprad sprod identify; introduce; point out

man ngag gi ngo sprad pa
mi shes shing He did not know the identifications
[of these] quintessential instructions{LWT-187}
nges dzin
nges gzung ba
rigs shes kyi ngor yod dgos it would have to exist

in the face of a reasoning consciousness; it would
have to exist for a reasoning consciousness
ngo der yod na if [something] exists for
the perspective nges ngor for/in the
ascertainment factor
ngo bo gcig ekarpat; ekavastu one
entity; same entity {GD:284} identity in entity
145
svabhvat-siddhi; *svabhvatsiddha intrinsic

existence/establishment; inherent existence/
establishment; establishment/existence through
[its own] entityness; established by way of [its
own entity]
ngo bo gcig ldog pa tha dad; ngo bo gcig la ldog

pa tha dad ldog ldog ldogs
ldogs same entity and/but different isolates
{GD:154} distinct differentials within having the
same entity; {GD:282} distinct differentials within
the same substance
ngo bo gcig pa ekarpat same
entity
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ ngo bo so so ba ma yin pai chos
Def.: phenomena that are not of different entities
/
ngo bo gcig la ldog pa tha dad / ngo bo gcig
ngo bo nyid sku {LCh}svabhva-kya;

svabhvikakya nature body; Nature Truth
Body; Nature Body [of a Buddha]
thabs efficacious means of attaining a Nature

Truth Body
ngo bo nyid gyis khrul pa
ngo bo nyid {LCh,L,MSA,MV}svabhva;
{GD:528} confused by the inherent mistake
{C}svbhvika; {MV}svabhvat; {MV}

svbhvikatva; rpatv; svarpam nature;
entityness; inherent existence; entity {C}ownbeing; own-nature; substantial
ngo bo nyid dag pai
chos nyid thob pa /

thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}svabhva-uddha
{C}Svabhva-uddha [name of a Buddha]
ngo bo nyid kyi sku {MSA}svbhvika

(kya) Nature Body [of a Buddha]
ngo bo
nyid kyi rnam pa thams cad yongs su mkhyen pa

mkhyend {C}svabhva-sarvkra-parijnat
thoroughly knows all the aspects of entities
{C}comprehends all the modes of the own-being of
all dharmas
ngo bo nyid kyi mtshan nyid
ngo bo nyid dang grogs dang dmigs
pa dang las phun sum tshogs pa

{MSA}svabhva-sahylambana-karma-sapad
excellence/marvels of entity, accompaniers,
object of observation, and activities
ngo bo nyid dang bcas pa {L}

sasvabhva having inherent existence having
own-being
{L} svabhvalakaa character of entity
ngo bo nyid kyis naturally;

intrinsically
ngo bo nyid kyis skye ba intrinsic

production; production by way of its own entity
ngo bo nyid kyis skyes pa
ngo bo nyid dang las kyi

sgo nas {MSA}svabhvatas ... karmatas from
the viewpoint of entity and action
ngo bo nyid ma mchi pa nyid

asvabhva; svabhvato nstika without
inherent existence
ngo bo nyid med {C}naisvbhvya;
produced by way of [its own] nature;

intrinsically produced
nyid {C}svabhva-nyat emptiness of nature;

natural emptiness {C}emptiness of own-being
ngo bo nyid sku thob pai
la ldog pa tha dad pa one entity but different

isolates
ngo bo nyid kyis grub pa
ngo bo nyid kyis stong pa
svabhvato nstika without inherent existence;

absence of inherent existence {C}state of
146
absence of own-being
ngo bo nyid med nyid {C}
bo dang khyad par du kun brtags pai kun brtags

/ gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs imputations that are
imputations of entity and attributes
asvabhvatva absence of inherent existence

{C}it has no svabhva; absence of svabhva
ngo bo nyid med pa {L,MSA}
ngo
ngo bo nyid med pa rtogs pa
ngo bo dang khyad par la
bo dang khyad par la kun btags pai kun btags

imputational factors imputed in the manner of
entity and attribute
nisvabhva; {MSA}nisvabhvat; {MSA}

svbhva; {C}asvabhva; svabhvato nstika;
asvabhvat non-nature; natureless;
naturelessness no own-being
realizing naturelessness
ngo bo nyid med pa tsam nyid

{L}nisvabhvat-mtra mere naturelessness
ngo bo nyid med pa gsum

three non-natures
ngo bo nyid med pai chos

khor wheel of doctrine of naturelessness [i.e.,
the middle wheel, including the Perfection of
Wisdom Stras]
kun brtags pai kun brtags de rang gi mtshan nyid

kyis ma grub pa non-establishmentof factors
imputed in the manner of entity and attribute
by way of their own character
ngo bo dang khyad bar du kun btags pas stong

pai stong pa nyid /
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs emptiness
of factors imputed in the manner of entity and
attribute
ngo bo nyid med par smra
ngo bo bden gnyis la
ngo bo nyid mtshan svabhvalakni
ngo bo dbyer med undifferentiable
doms pa guidance concerning the entities, the

two truths [ultimate truths and obscurational
truths]
ba nisvabhvavdin Proponents of NonNature [i.e. Mdhyamikas]; Proponents of

Naturelessness
entity
essential characteristic
ngo bo ma dres pa kraniyata
ngo bo nyid gsum {MV,MSA}
non-mixture of entity {GD:124} determinate

with respect to its nature
svabhva-traya; {MV}traya svabhv;

trisvabhva three natures
ngo bo la kun btags pai kun
ngo bo mnyam pa equality; equality

of entity
btags su gyur pai ngo bo nyid la kun btags pa

/ gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs imputation of just the entity
that is an imputation of entity
ngo bo tha dad different entity;
difference of entity; separate entity/entities
ngo bo tha dad pa different entities;
ngo bo la kun btags pai
separate entity/entities
ngo bo dang khyad par entity and
kun btags su gyur pai bye brag la kun btags pa

/ gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs imputation of a particular
attribute
ngo
147
ngogs {LCh,C}tra port; entrance; ford;
that is an imputation of entity
ngo bo so so ba {PH}discrete entities

ngo boi khyad par mi dra
bank {PH}port; entrance; ford; bank; shore; face;

side {C}shore
ngon groi sbyor ba preparatory
ba {PH}essential difference
Although there are no essential
differences among emptinesses, ... {HHDL KMW}
training
ngoms {LCh}tpta; {MSA}tpti
ngo tsha {C,MSA}hr; {MSA}lajja; {MSA}
{PH}
satisfaction
ngoms pa {LCh}tpta; {MSA}tpti
lajjan shame; modesty {C}sense of shame
ngo tsha khrel {PH}modesty and shame

ngo tsha ba, ngo tsha {MSA}lajj
satisfaction; be satisfied; satiation
ngoms pa med pa {MSA}atpti non-
shame
satisfaction; not satiated
ngo tsha med pa {LCh}hrkya non-
ngoms shes pa {MSA}tpta knowing
shame
satisfaction; knowing satiation
ngo tsha shes pa {LCh,MSA}hr shame ngor {MSA}anurodht with respect to; in the
face of; to; for
ngo mtshar {LCh,C,MSA}carya; {C}
dukara; {L} carya amazing; fantastic {PH}
ngos side; surface {PH}side; surface; myself
gdags gzhii ngos nas
grub pa ... Establishment from the side of the
basis of designation ...
amazing; splendor {C}wonderful; marvellous;

surprising; difficult; (to do what is) hard
ngo mtshar che {MSA}carya greatly
ngos skal corresponding

ngos skal gyi spang bya
amazing; great amazement; fantastic
ngo mtshar che ba {MSA}carya;

{MSA}caryatara greatly amazing; great
amazement; fantastic
ngo mtshar don
ngos mnyam pa even-surfaced

ngos nas [side-from]; from the side of;
{PH}marvelous
meanings
from the point of view of; by way of {PH}from

the side (of); from the point-of-view (of); by way
(of)
ngo mtshar ba amazing; fantastic

ngo mtshar bas kyang
ngos nas gyi {PH}because of

ngos nas grub pa {PH}
di ngo tshar more amazing than the amazing;

more wonderful than the wonderful
ngo mtshar smad du byung
establishment from the side [of the basis of

designation]

amazing/fantastic and marvelous
ngos dzin
gzung
dzin bzung zungs identify; identification; point
out
ngo ro bar {PH}in ones face

ngo la {PH}with respect to; relative to; from
ngos dzin byed pa
the perspective of From the

perspective of a worldly consciousness, ... {Gn}
{PH}
respective objects of abandonment
148
gzung dzin bzung zungs identify; point
out
ngos gzung
rjod explicit object verbalized and means of

verbalization
dngos kyi nyer len direct
gzung dzin bzung zungs identification; identify
ngos bzung ba identification; identify

dngang dngang
substantial cause
dngos kyi stong gzhi actual basis

of emptiness
dngang dngangs dngangs be frightened; fear;

panic
dngang ba
pai gtan tshigs actual indefinite reason
dngang dngang dngangs dngangs {L}uttrasati;

{MV}trsita; {C}satrasayati tremble; be afraid;
panic {C}tremble; be afraid; is frightened
dngang ba gyur
dngang dngang dngangs dngangs {L}
dngos kyi lhan cig byed

rkyen direct cooperative condition
dngos grub
/
grub grub grubs/grub grubs
{LCh,C}siddhi feat; accomplishment; yogic

accomplishment; actual accomplishment; fact
{C}success
uttrasati tremble; be afraid; panic
dngul {C}rajata silver; money
dngos kyi ma nges
{C}
dngos grub ji ltar sgrub pa
silver(ish)

dngul khang bank
sgrubs how to achieve feats
dngos skt actual; explicit; direct
dngos grub thun mong {PH}
dngos {LCh}skt; maula;{GD:386} mukhyat
common siddhis
actual [as opposed to imputed, btags pa ba];
actual [as opposed to ancillary, zhar]; explicit [as dngos gal skt-virodha explicitly
opposed to implicit, shugs]; direct [as opposed
to indirect, rgyud]; real; manifest {GD:386}
primary sense; {GD:515} true (as opposed to
metaphorical, btags pa ba); principal (as opposed to
secondary, zhar); explicit (as opposed to implicit,
shugs); direct (as opposed to indirect, rgyud); self
(as opposed to other, gzhan)
dngos kyi bsgrub byai chos

sgrubs skt-sdhyo-dharma explicit predicate
of the probandum
dngos kyi brjod bya
mtshan nyid/ rnam bcad yongs gcod gang zhig

contradictory
Definitions:
gnyis dang gnyis ma yin gyi phung gsum sel ba/ Def.:
those which are such that (1) the exclusion [that an

existent is one of them] includes [that it is the other]
and (2) a third possibility that is both or not both [of
them] is eliminated
dngos rgyu {LCh}skt-kraa actual
cause, direct cause

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ dngos su skyed byed
Def.: direct producer
dngos brgyad bdun cu eight
brjod rjod brjod rjod explicit object
categories and seventy topics
expressed {GD:297} the direct signified object;

{GD:434} direct object of signification; {GD:435}
to signify direct objects
dngos brgyud
lineage
{PH}actual and of the
dngos kyi brjod bya dang dngos brgyud ci rigs

rjod byed
brjod rjod brjod
149
thing; substantial (entity); root; basis; underlying
reality; (objective) entity; objective reality;
property; possession; cause; objectively existing
entity; objective basis; existence; (= 5 skandhas);
Definitions:
positivity; positi
mtshan nyid/ don byed nus pa Def.: that
which is able to perform a function
pai sgo nas {PH}directly or indirectly as is

suitable
dngos gnyen actual antidote; direct

antidote
dngos gnyen bar chad
med lam chad chad

chad chad uninterrupted paths that are direct
antidotes
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 bem po 2 shes pa 3 ldan min dus
byed Div.: (1) matter; (2) consciousness; (3) nonassociated compositional factor
dngos btags actual and so-called

dngos rtogs explicit realization
dngos po brgyad eight categories
dngos stobs power of the thing; power dngos po mchog supreme actuality
of the fact
dngos po stobs
dngos stobs kyi rtags *vastushugs kyi rigs pa {GD} vastubalapravttnumna
bala-liga sign through the power of the fact
{GD:760} investigation relying on inference

produced by the power of facts; {GD:765}
inference proceeding from the mere power of fact
dngos stobs kyis bsal ba

{PH}factual exclusion
dngos po thams cad las {C}
aupadhika {C}(derived from) material gifts given

in faith to the Tathgata [fifth puya-kriy-vastu]
dngos stobs rjes dpag, dngos stobs kyi rjes dpag

*vastubalnumna inference through the power
of the fact; inference by the power of the fact
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang gi rten dngos stobs kyi rtags yang
dag la brten nas rang gi gzhal bya cung zad lkog gyur la
dngos po dang gcig one with

thing
gcig du gyur pai dngos po thing that is one with

thing
dngos po dang bcas par {C}

vastukam {C}as if it were an entity
dngos po rnam pa bdun seven
bstan ston bstand stond explicit teaching; actual

teaching
actualities
dngos po
dngos gnas actual; in fact

dngos po {LCh,MSA,MV,C,L}vastu;
snang ba bstan stobs kyis jug pa engages [its

object] by the power of the things showing itself
dngos po phangs {C}vastu-prema
{LCh,MSA,MV,C,L}bhva; {L}dravya; {L}mla;

{MSA}upadhi; {C}padrtha; {GD:106}sat
category; thing; [effective] thing; functioning
thing; effective thing; functioning actuality;
actuality {N}topic; {C}actual reality; real
object; final entity; limits of phenomena
dngos po dang
mi slu bai zhen rig Def.: a determinative knower

which--depending upon its basis, a correct sign
by the power of the fact--is incontrovertible with
respect to its object of comprehension, a slightly
hidden phenomenon
dngos bstan
dngos po mtha {L}vastvanta final
{C}affection for property
150
dngos po ma mchis {C}abhva
gtso bor skyed byed
non-thing; non-entity
dngos po ma mchis pa {C}
dngos po rang dbang ba bhv
abhva; {C}avastukam non-thing; non-entity

{C}without a corresponding entity
svatantr self-powered thing; independent

thing
dngos po ma yin pa las
dngos po la gnas pa {C}vastu-
log pa opposite from non-thing
dngos po med {C,L,MV}abhva
pratihita abiding in things; abiding in fact;

existing in fact {C}supported by a thing
(={C}asasktam) non-thing; non-entity;

non-existent; without thing {C}absence; nonexistence; non-existent; non-positive; absence of
positivity; negativity; non-positivity; not a positive
existence
dngos po la lhar ma song
yang song song song song

despite not having become a deity in actuality/
fact
dngos po med pa {C,L,MV}abhva;
{C}asad-bhvat without thingness; non-thing;

non-entity; non-existent; without thing {C}has
no real existence; state of non-existence
dngos po med pa stong pa

nyid emptiness of non-entities
dngos po las gzhan pai chos gang gi yang

mtshan nyid mi byed pa does not serve as the
definition of any other phenomenon other than
thing
dngos poi skyed byed
dngos poi bskyed bya
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed producer
dngos po med pai ngo bo
of thing
nyid {C,MV}abhva-svabhva nature of nonthings; nataure of non-entities
dngos po med pai

ngo bo nyid stong pa nyid emptiness that is the
[ultimate] nature of non-entities
dngos po gzhan dang
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed produced
object of thing; that which is produced by thing
dngos poi rgyu cause of thing

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
dngos poi skyed byed Def.: producer of thing
ma dres pa / /
dres/dre dres/dre dres dres not mixed
with other things {GD:273} [real] things exist
unmixed with other things

dbye ba/
Divisions:
dngos po yin pa las log pa

opposite from thing
dngos po yod pa smra ba
dngos poi brgyud rgyu/ dngos poi dngos rgyu/

yang med na/ dngos poi nyer len/ dngos poi lhan
cig byed rkyen/ Div.: (1) things indirect cause;
(2) things direct cause; (or) (1) things substantial
cause; (2) things cooperating condition
dngos poi rgyu gyur
vastusat-padrthavdin Proponent of True

Existence
pai gang zag a person who is a cause of thing
dngos po
dngos poi brgyud rgyu things
rang gi rdzas rgyun du gtso bor skyed byed

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed main
producer of a thing as a continuation of its own
substantial entity
{PH}main
producer
indirect cause
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ dngos poi brgyud nas
skyed byed Def.: indirect producer of thing
151
dngos poi brgyud nas
the limits of phenomena
bskyed bya bskyed skyed

bskyed skyed indirectly produced object of thing
dngos poi brgyud bras
indirect effect of thing

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ dngos poi
dngos poi don ldog

ldog ldog ldogs ldogs meaning-
isolate of thing [i.e., that which is able to perform

a function (don byed nus pa)]
dngos poi ldog pa
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs things isolate;

thing simpliciter [i.e., dngos po]
brgyud nas bskyed bya Def.: that which is indirectly
produced by thing
dngos poi ldog
dngos poi dngos rgyu things
direct cause
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ dngos poi dngos su skyed
byed Def.: direct producer of thing
pa dang yin khyab mnyam mutually inclusive

with thing
don gcig 1 dngos po dang
Divisions:
dngos poi dngos bras direct

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ dngos poi dngos su
effect of thing
bskyed bya Def.: that which is directly produced by
thing
dngos poi dngos su bskyed

bya bskyed skyed bskyed
skyed directly produced object of thing
dngos poi snga logs su
gcig 2 dngos po dang gcig du gyur pai dngos po/

3 don byed nus pai mtshon bya/ 4 don byed nus
pai btags yod chos gsum tshang ba/ Equivalents:
(1) one with thing; (2) thing that is one with thing;
(3) definiendum of that which is able to perform a
function; (4) the triply qualified imputed existent of
that which is able to perform a function
dngos poi gnas tshul mode of

byung byung previous arising of thing
abiding of things; way things abide/exist {PH}

mode of subsistence of things
dngos poi nyer len substantial
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ dngos po
rang gi rdzas rgyun du gtso bor skyed byed Def.: main
producer of thing as a continuation of its substantial
entity
cause of thing
dngos poi
dngos poi gnas lugs mode

of subsistence/abiding of things
dngos poi rnam pa bhvajtam

aspects of things
dngos poi spyi ldog
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs generality-isolate
stobs kyis zhugs pai brel ba

zhug jug zhugs zhugs relation which operates
by the power of the things/facts {GD:785}
relation by the power of facts
dngos poi phyi logs su
kyi rigs pa reasoning through the forceful power

of facts
dngos poi bye brag instance of
dngos poi stobs shugs

dngos poi mtha la
dmigs pa dmigs
dmigs dmigs dmigs vastvantlambana observing
152
[i.e. dngos po]

byung byung subsequent arising of thing
thing; particular of thing
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ khyod dngos po yin/ khyod dngos po dang
bdag gcig du brel/ khyod ma yin zhing dngos po yang yin
pai gzhi mthun pa du ma grub pa/ Def.: it is a thing;
it is of one nature with functioning thing; and there

are many established common loci which are not it
but are functioning things
bral pas {C}bhva-svabhva-vigata free from

the inherent existence of things {C}in its ownbeing without existence
dngos poi bras bu effect of

thing
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ dngos poi bskyed bya Def.: that which
is produced by thing
dngos poi rang bzhin
Divisions:
dbye ba/ dngos poi dngos bras/ dngos poi brgyud

bras/ yang med na/ dngos poi nyer bras/ dngos
poi lhan cig byed bras/ Div.: (1) things direct
effect; (2) things indirect effect; (or) (1) things
substantial effect; (2) things cooperative effect
dngos poi mtshan nyid {MV}
bhva-lakaa definition of thing; defining

character of thing [i.e., that which is able
to perform a function (don byed nus pa)]
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ dngos poi rdzas yod chos gsum tshang
ba Def.: the triply qualified substantial existent of
thing
dngos poi gshis basic disposition

of things
dngos poi lhan cig
byed rkyen cooperative condition of thing

{PH}cooperating condition of functioning thing
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ dngos po rang
gi rdzas rgyun ma yin par rdzas su gtso bor skyed byed
Def.: that which is a main producer of thing as

a substantial entity but not as a continuation of its
own substantial entity
dngos por gyur ba

gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}bhavati
{C}becomes; stands; takes place; occurs; comes

about
dngos por smra ba vastusat-
padrthavdin Proponent of True Existence
illustration of thing [e.g., pot]
dngos por lhung ba {C}vastu-patita
yod chos gsum tshang ba the triply qualified

substantial existent of thing
dngos poi stobs

ldog ldog ldogs ldogs illustration-
dngos bral {C}bhva-vigata
dngos poi mtshan gzhi
fallen into [the conception of] true existence
dngos poi rdzas

dngos poi gzhi ldog
isolate of thing; illustration simpliciter [e.g., pot]
dngos poi rang ldog
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs self-isolate of

thing [i.e., thing]
dngos poi rang bzhin bhvasvarpa inherent existence of things
shugs kyi rigs pa reasoning through the forceful

power of facts
{C}free
from existence
dngos dbang
{PH}the power of the
thing
dngos dbang gis jug pa
affixed through the force of the object itself;

engages [its object] by the power of the thing
dngos bras skt-phala direct effect

dngos bras ma dmigs
dngos poi rang bzhin
mkhas {C}bhva-svabhva-kuala wise with

respect to the nature of things {C}skilled in
seeing the own-being of existence (existents?)
{C}fallen among things
pa dmigs
dmigs dmigs dmigs skt-krya-anupalabdhi
nonobservation of a direct effect
153
dngos ming actual name

dngos med {LCh,C,MV}abhva; avastu
dngos la gnas pa {C}vastu-niraya

abiding in fact {C}basis; support
dngos la gnod byed refutation
thinglessness; non-thing; that which is not a

[functioning] thing; non-existent
dngos med kyi chos abhva-
dharma; avastu-dharma phenomenon which is

a non-thing; non-[functioning] phenomenon
Definitions: mtshan
nyid/ don byed nus stong gi chos Def.: a phenomenon
that is empty of being able to perform a function
dngos med ngo bo nyid {C}
of the explicit teaching; refutation of the explicit

[indication]; damage to the explicit [indication];
damage to the explicit [teaching]
dngos las {GD:696} skt
{GD:696}
real thing
dngos shugs la rtogs pa
explicit and implicit realization {GD:389}
abhva-svabhva nature of non-things; nature

of non-entities {C}absence of own-being; have
non-existence for own-being; have no own-being;
the own-being is non-existent
explicit-implicit realization
dngos sam brgyud pai sgo

nas {PH}directly or indirectly
dngos smra ba vastusat-padrtha-vdin dngos su {LCh}vastuta; vastutas; {LCh}

skt directly; explicitly; actually
Proponent of True/Inherent Existence
dngos gzhi maula [actual-base]; actual; dngos su skyed byed

actual [session of practice]; actual [topic] {PH}
main part
Just so, having instructed the two
branches of transmigrators in the earlier main part
of the sdhana, ... TKP, Toh. 5303
dngos gzhi khyad par can
producer
dngos su bskyed bya
{PH}that
which is directly produced
dngos su rjes su bzung nas
dngos su rjod
dngos gzhii snyoms jug
brjod rjod brjod rjod directly express/verbalize

{GD:434} directly signify
maulasampatti actual absorption; actual

meditative absorption
dngos su brjod
dngos zin explicit reading

dngos yin pa is actual; actually
brjod rjod brjod rjod directly express/verbalize

{GD:435} directly signify
present
dngos yin mi dgos pai
phyir te because it is not neccessary that they be

actual
dngos la bdag gir dzin pa
dngos su rtogs pa

rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs explicitly
realize; explicit realization {GD:515} direct

realization
dngos su bstan pa
bstan ston bstand stond explicitly taught
dngos su spong byed
{C}vastu-mamat conception/apprehension
mine with respect to things {C}sense of

ownership about property
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed direct
actually being taken care of
{PH}special main part
154
spang spong spangs spongs means
of direct abandonment/dispelling; direct
abandoner/dispeller
dngos su phan tshun mi gnas

directly mutually exclusive
mnga ba
mnga
mnga mnga mnga {C}pratilambha; {L,MSA}
vaita; {MSA}gata possess; own; have control
over; have [in mind] {C}acquisition; acquiring;
acquire; to win; will win
dngos su byung explicitly arose

mnga ris {PH}subordinates/ subjects
dngos su sbyar ba
mngar ba madhura sweet
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord explicitly affixed
dngos su mdzad pa explicitly use/ mngal {LCh,MSA}garbha womb
do
mngal lci bar gyur pa {C}gurugarbha {C}with a heavy womb
dngos su zhus explicitly ask a question
mngal du gro ba {L}garbhvakrnti
dngos su rig explicitly know/
go/descend into the womb
cognize {GD:520} unmediated cognition (in the

epistemological sense)
mngag gzhug {LCh} preya
mngal du jug pa {L}
garbhvakrnti entry/descent into the womb
{PH}
mngal nas skye ba {L}jarayu-ja
servant
mnga
mnga mnga
born from a womb
mngal las skyes pa {C}jaryu-ja
mnga mnga {C}pratilambha; {L,MSA}vaita;

{MSA}gata possess; own; have control over;
have [in mind] {C}acquisition; acquiring;
acquire; to win; will win
mnga chen po
born from a womb; womb-born {C}born from

a womb
mngon
mnga mnga mnga mnga {C}adhipatya great

dominion {C}overlordship
mnga thang

mnga mnga mnga mnga power; control
{PH}power; control
[his] power over the kingdom of existence reaches
to the sky {GZ 69a.1}
mnga thang byor ba
{PH}power
and fortune
mnga bdag
mnga mnga mnga mnga lord; sovereign;

owner; having dominion
mnga bdag khri ral pa can

{PH}King Ralpajen
mnga bdag nyang ral pa

can {PH}King Ralpajen of Nyang
155
mngon
mngon mngond mngond {MSA}katha gamyate

(gam); {C}prajyate (=pravartate = tat-ktacihna-abhvn) protrude; actualize; manifest
{C}(is/can be) conceived; conceive; come under
the concept of; becomes/is conceivable; have a
conception of
mngon lkog
{PH}manifest [phenomena]
and hidden [phenomena]
mngon lkog gnyis
{PH}the two -manifest [phenomena] and hidden [phenomena]
mngon gyur
mngon mngon mngond mngond {LCh}

pratyaka; {LCh}abhimukh manifest; manifest
phenonenon; manifest object; approaching
{GD:760} evident objects; objects which are
accessible to ordinary perception
rtog pa mngon gyur pa bzhi the four manifest
conceptions
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ 1 bsdus grwa las/ mngon sum
clear realizer
mngon mtho, mngon par
gyi tshad mas dngos su rtogs par bya ba/ 2 blo rig las/
tshur mthong rnams kyis nges par rtags la brten nas rtogs
par bya ba ma yin pai chos/ Def.: (1) (Collected
mngon mthoi go phang
mngon du {LCh}abhi; {C}samukh-
generation
bhavati; {C,MSA}abhimukha; {MV}bhimukhya

manifest; actual {C}face to face with; face to
face
mngon dga, mngon
par dga ba {MSA}abhirma; {MSA}abhirata

great joy mngon dgai
mi la gsang ba ston teach what is secret to people
of great joy {GZ 66a.3}
mngon du gyur pa {C}abhimukh;
{C}abhimukha; {C}samukh-bhuta; {MSA}

abhimukhin; {MSA}bhimukhya verb: make
manifest; make evident; actualize7 adj: manifest;
evident7 the manifest [name of the sixth ground
of Bodhisattva Superiors (byang sems phags
pai sa, rya-bodhisattva-bhmi); for others,
see: byang sems phags pai sa]; Manifest (sixth
{C}face to face; be present; come face to face with;
still (visibly) present
mngon dga zhing {C}
abhinandamno manifestly liking/delighting;

being manifestly happy {PH}Abhirati [great
joy, the Buddhafield of Akobhya] {C}wholly
delighting in
mngon brjod {PH}synonyms

mngon brjod kyi bag chags
mngon du gyur pai tshul

abhilpavsan predispositions of verbalization
gyis in a manifest manner {GD:684} evidently
mngon rtogs
abhisamaya clear realization/clear realizer

don mngon rtogs clear realization of
the meaning (arthbhisamaya)
chos mngon rtogs clear realization of the doctrine
(dharmbhisamaya)

abhisamaylakra Maitreyas Ornament for
Clear Realization [abhisamaylakra, P5148,
vol. 88]
mngon du bgyid pa
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {L}sktkra

actualize; manifest
mngon du
grub par gtogs par bstan pa {C}abhinirvttiparypanna-nirdea {C}exposition which

comprises the real creation
mngon du bsnyen pa byed pa

perform prior approximation
mngon du phyogs pa {L}
abhimukhya; {MSA}mukha; {MSA}abhimukha

(e.g.: nirva-abhimukha); abhimukh manifestly
regard; approach; oriented; Approaching [the
name of the sixth Bodhisattva ground]; directed
par rtogs pa abhisamaya clear realization;
{PH}a
state of high status
mngon gyur du skye ba manifest
mngon rtogs; mngon
mngon mtho nges legs
{PH}
high status [within cyclic existence] and definite
goodness [of liberation from cyclic existence and/or
omniscience]
Topics): an object realized explicitly by a direct

valid cognition; (2) (Awareness and Knowledge):
a phenomenon which is not an object an ordinary
being definitely must realize in dependence upon a
sign/reason
mngon rtogs rgyan
mtho ba {LCh,MV}abhyudaya [manifestlyhigh]; high status; sublime state; high type
156
toward directed towards; facing; devotion
mngon du bya actualize; manifest

mngon du bya ba {L}sktkra; {C}
{C,MSA}abhimnika having manifest pride;

manifestly proud; thoroughly conceited; one
with the pride of conceit {C}greatly conceited
mngon pai nga rgyal
sktkriy; sktkaraa; {C}mukh-bhva

manifest; actualize {C}(full) realization;
manifestation; realization
can du ltung bar {C}abhimna-patita fallen into

manifest pride/conceit {C}fallen into conceit
mngon du byas nas having
mngon pai chos {MSA}abhidharma
manifested; having actualized
Manifest Knowledge
mngon du byas pa {L}sktkra
mngon pai sde snod
actualization; actualized; manifest
abhidharmapiaka scriptural collections of

manifest knowledge; scriptural collection of
manifest knowledge
mngon du mdzad (hon.) actualize;

manifest
mngon du zin {C}abhighta
{C}great
greed; attachment
mngon dod {C}abhikk desire;

attachment; wish {C}hankering after
mngon dod kyi rtog pa wishing

conception
mngon dod kyi dad pa faith of

wishing [to attain]
mngon pa abhidharma; {L}abhi; {C}
prajyate collection of manifest knowledge;

be evident; be; Manifest Knowledge {C}great;
fully; perfect; (is/can be) conceived; conceive; come
under the concept of; becomes/is conceivable; have
a conception of
mngon pa kun btus
btu thu btus thu abhidharma-samuccaya
Summary of Manifest Knowledge [abhidharmasamuccaya, by Asaga (thogs med), P5550, vol.

112]
mngon pa gong og gnyis the

two, the lower and upper Manifest Knowledges
mngon pai nga rgyal {C}abhimna

manifest pride; pride of conceit {C}great
pride; presumption; conceit
mngon pai nga rgyal can
mngon pai mtshan ma sngar

{C}prva-nimitta previous manifest indication/
sign {C}symptom; indication; (a certain) sign
which indicates
mngon pai gzhung
{PH}Manifest
Knowledge (abhidharma) texts
mngon par manifestly

mngon par dga
ba, mngon dga {C}abhirma; {C}abhirati;

abhivadati manifest joy; great joy {C}fully
delighted; pleasure; welcome; recommend
mngon dgai mi la gsang ba ston
teach what is secret to people of great joy {GZ
66a.3}
mngon par dga ba manifestly

rejoice {PH}Abhirati [the Buddhafield of
Akobhya]
mngon par dga ba yid

la byed pa {MSA}abhinanda-manasikra; {MSA}
abhinandan-manaskra mental engagement of
manifest joy
mngon par dga
bai che bai bdag nyid {MSA}abhirati-mhtmya

essence of great manifest joy
mngon par dga bai

yid la byed pa {MSA}abhinandana-manaskra
mental engagement of manifest joy
157
mngon par dga bai
bsam pa {MSA}abhinandanaya thought of

manifest joy
{C}abhinirharati manifestly establish/achieve/

accomplish {C}consummation; (highest)
achievement; calling forth; aspiration for
mngon par dga bar gyur
mngon par bsgrub pa

{C}abhinandati become manifestly joyful {C}
delight in
mngon par grub

abhinirvt become manifest rebirth; re-creation;

real creation
mngon par grub pa ma

mchis pa / grub
grub grubs/grub grubs {C}anabhinirvtti {C}
does not reproduce itself; not reproduced; noncreation; non-reproduction
mngon par sgrub

abhinivea; {C}niviate (=abhiniveo) manifest

attachment {C}settling down in; settle down in;
be inclined
mngon par char bai tshe {C}
{C}abhinirharati (=abhinirharaa); {MV,MSA}

abhinirhra; {MSA}abhinirhti; {MSA}adhikra
manifestly establish/achieve/accomplish {C}
aspires (to/for); achieves; consummates; calls forth
abhyudgacchati time of manifestly appearing/

dawning; when manifestly appearing/dawning
{C}has arisen
mngon par sgrub pa la
mngon par brjod

brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}abhidhyate
mkhas pa bsgrub sgrub

bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}abhinirhra-kaualya
skilled in manifestly establishing/achieving/
accomplishing
manifestly express/verbalize {C}indicates; is

called; described
mngon par sgrub par byed pa

sgrubs {C}abhinirvartate manifestly establish/
achieve/accomplish; means of manifestly
establishing/achieving/accomplishing {C}
reproduce oneself; creation; reproduction

sgrubs {C}abhinirharati should/will manifestly
establish {C}consummation; (highest)
achievement; calling forth; aspiration for
mngon par chags pa {C}
abhinirharate manifestly establish/achieve/

accomplish {C}acquires
mngon par bsgrub par byao

sgrubs {C}abhinirharati; {C}abhinirvartayate
manifestly establish {C}reproduce oneself;
consummation; (highest) achievement; calling forth;
aspiration for
abhigmanyo {C}much sought after
mngon par bsgrub cing
{C}abhinirharati; {C,MSA,MV}abhinirhra
manifestly establish/achieve/accomplish {C}
consummation; (highest) achievement; calling forth;
aspiration for
mngon par bsgrub par byed
mngon par gro bya os {C}
mngon par sgrub pa
mngon par brjod pa
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C,MSA}
abhilpa; {C}abhivadati; {MV}abhidyotana

express; manifestly express/verbalize {C}talk;
expression; welcome; recommend
mngon par gtor

158

gtor thord gtord gtord {C}abhyavakirati
scatter; spread over; strew {C}strew; scatter;
scatter over
mngon par gtor ba

gtor thord gtord gtord {C}pracarati
{C}proceeds; circulates; be observed; appears;
spread
mngon par rtog pa manfiest

conceptuality; conceptual consciousness
mngon par rtogs pa
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C,MSA}

abhisamaya; {MSA}abhisamita clear realization
{C}perfect understanding; re-union
mngon par rtogs pai rgyan
mngon par du bya ba {L}
abhisaskraa composition compounding;

accumulation; formation; together-making;
conditioned existence; karma-formations
mngon par du bya ba med
pa {C}anabhisaskra; {C}anabhisaskrat
non-composition {C}nothing is effected;
the Unaffected; the Ineffective; not brought
together; not being brought about; not put together;
unconditioned; one does not turn to; what has not
been brought about
pa {L}anabhisaskraa non-composition
nothing is effected; not put together; not brought
about; unconditioned; one does not turn to
Clear Realization [abhisamaylakra, P5184,

vol. 88]
mngon par rtogs pai dus
mngon par du
bya ba med par jug pa {MSA}nirabhisaskravhitva engage in non-composition
{MSA,MV}abhisamaya-kla time of clear
realization
mngon par ston
abhyudaya high status [within cyclic existence]
mngon par du bya ba med
abhisamaylakra Maitreyas Ornament for
mngon par mtho ba {MSA}
bstan ston bstand stond {C}prasahya (deayati)
manifestly indicate/teach/show/demonstrate/set
forth {C}forcibly (demonstrates)
mngon par ston pa

bstan ston bstand stond {C}abhivadati
manifestly indicate/teach/show/demonstrate/set
forth {C}welcome; recommend
mngon par bstod {C}abhyananda
mngon par du byed {MSA,MV}

abhisaskra; (abhi-sas k): {MSA}
abhisaskaroti compose
mngon par du byed pa
{C,MV}abhisaskra; {MSA}abhisaskaraa;
{MSA}abhisaskraa manifestly constructs;
compose; means of composition {C}
compounding; karma-formations; together-making;
formative influence; accumulation; bringing about;
conditioned existence
manifestly/strongly/thoroughly praise/laud {C}

great praise
mngon par du byed
abhyananda manifestly/strongly/thoroughly
praise/laud {C}great praise
mngon par du
mngon par bstod pa {C}

mngon par thob byed
byed pa med pai mtshan nyid {C}asaskralakaa; {C}asaskta-lakaa character of noncomposition {C}the mark of ineffectiveness; the
mark of being uncompounded

{C}abhiprpui manifestly attain/obtain {C}
(cause to) reach
pa med pa {MSA}anabhisaskra noncomposition
mngon par du mi byed {C}
anabhisaskti non-composition; non-compose
159
mngon par phags par
{C}one does not get involved in
mngon par du mdzad pa
{MSA}abhisaskra compose; actualize;

manifest
mngon par du mdzad

pa mi mnga ba mnga
mnga mnga mnga {MSA}anabhisaskra noncomposed; non-actualized; non-manifest
mngon par dus par byas pa
/ du du/dud dus dus
{C}abhisaskta composed {C}exercised; put
together
mngon par bsdus pa
mngon par byed pa {MV}

bhimukh-karaa manifest; actualize
mngon par byung

byung byung byung byung {C}
abhinikrmati manifestly arise; manifestly

emerge; emerge from {C}leave home; go forth;
go out
mngon par byung ba
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {C}
abhisakepa condensed; brought together;

abridged; summarized {C}abridgement
{C}abhinikramaa; {C}nikrmati; {MSA}
abhinikrmana manifestly arise; manifestly

emerge; emerge from {C}leave home; depart;
go off; come out of; leave
mngon par spel zhing
spel spel speld speld {C}
abhivardhana increase; augment {C}continue

to grow
mngon par sprul {C}abhinirmta; {C}

abhinirmte emanate {C}would conjure up;
conjure up
mngon par sprul pa {C}nirmita
mngon par byung bar gyur

byung byung byung
byung {C}abhinikrmati manifestly arise;
manifestly emerge; emerge from {C}leave
home; go forth; go out
mngon par ma grub par
/ grub grub grubs/

grub grubs {C}anabhinirvtta not manifestly
established {C}not reproduced; unfinished;
uncreated
(=my-nirmita-sada = manomaya = nirma)

emanate {C}fictitious; magically created;
magical creation; conjured up by; illusory magical
creation; apparition
mngon par ma chags pa {C}
mngon par spro shing
anabhiniveat non-attached; non-attachment;

manifestly non-attached {C}does not settle
down in
skyo bar med pa {C}atyutsahanat-aparikheda

enthusiastic and without discouragement {C}
great fortitude; indefatiguability
mngon par ma zhen pa {C}
mngon par phags te {C}
anabhinivea non-conception; non-adherence;

non-attached {C}not settling down in
abhyudagacchati; {C}abhyudgamya superior;

elevated; risen up {C}rise (up to); advances;
arises; he rises high up into
mngon par mi brtson zhing
mngon par phags pa {C}
atyadbhuta; {C}abhyudaya; {C}udgacchati

superior; elevated; risen up {C}most lofty; rises
loftily high above; be elevated above; be lifted up
gyur ba gyur gyurd

gyur gyurd {C}udgacchati become superior/
elevated/risen up {C}be elevated above; be
lifted up
160
{C}anabhiyujyamna not endeavoring; not

making effort {C}as he does not practice
mngon par mi shes pa
{C}anabhij non-clairvoyant; without
clairvoyance {C}without higher knowledge
mngon par dmigs pa med
pa dmigs dmigs
dmigs dmigs {C}anabhilakita non-observation;
non-apprehension {C}undistinguished
mngon par brtson {C,MSA}
abhiyukta manifest effort; endeavor; manifest

endeavor {C}practice; interested in
abhiyukta manifest effort; endeavor; manifest
endeavor {C}practiced; interested in
mngon par brtson pa {C}
abhyutthita manifest effort; endeavor; manifest

endeavor {C}rise up; raised to a height
mngon par brtson byed {C}
abhiyujyate make manifest effort; endeavor;

manifest endeavor {C}practices
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs perfect;

complete; manifestly complete/perfected
mngon par rdzogs par

rtogs pa rtogs rtogs
rtogs rtogs perfect/complete realization
par rdzogs par byang chub par gyur {MV}

abhisabodha become completely, perfectly
enlightened
sangs rgyas {L}abhisabuddha completely and

perfectly enlightened/buddified; complete perfect
Buddha
mngon par rdzogs

mngon par zhugs

zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C}abhiprasthita
byang chub {LCh}abhisabodhi complete

perfect enlightenment
enter; manifestly enter {C}set out; well set out
mngon par rdzogs
par byang chub pa {MSA}abhisabodhi; {MSA}

abhisabodha completely perfectly enlightened
mngon par rdzogs par byang
chub pa dang mya ngan las das pa chen po kun tu

ston pa bstan ston bstand
stond {MSA}abhisabodhi-mahparinirvasadarana thorougly teach complete perfect
enlightenment and the great passing beyond
sorrow
mngon
par sangs rgyas pa {MSA}abhisabudhyante

completely and perfectly enlightened/buddified
mngon par rdzogs

byang chub pa dang yongs su mya ngan las das
pa yang dag par ston pa
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}abhisabodhinirva-sadarana throughly teach complete
perfect enlightenment and the thorough passing
beyond sorrow
mngon par brtson gyur {C}
mngon par rdzogs pa
par byang chub pa dang yongs su mya ngan las

da ba ston par jug pa {MSA}abhisabodhiparinirva-darana-vtti enter into the teaching
of the complete perfect enlightenment and the
thorough passing beyond sorrow
161
mngon par zhen pa {C,MSA,MV}
abhinivea; {MSA}abhinivia; {C}adhyavasna;

{C}abhivaga manifest conception; strong
adherence{N} {C}settling down in; be bent on;
inclination; desire
mngon par gzhol bar byas

so {C}abhinirmayati {C}inclines to
mngon par yid ches par gyur ba byung

la lta mchis lags sam
byung byung byung byung {C}abhiraddadhti
(=abhisampratyaya kurva) manifestly
believe; strongly believe {C}truly believe
mngon par rab tu gtor
mngon spyod
gtor thord gtord gtord {C}
kyi las tshogs ston pa rnams ma bsgyur bar skad

sor bzhag tu bzhag the parts that set forth the
collection of fierce activities were left as is without
being translated {GZ 70a.5}
abhiprakirati scatter; spread over; strew {C}

strew; scatter; spread
mngon par shes {C}abhijnti
mngon phyogs, mngon
clairvoyance {C}he knows through his
du phyogs pa {LCh}abhimukha approach
superknowledge; knows well
sangs rgyas chos la mngon
mngon par shes pa {C,MSA}
phyogs approach the qualities of a Buddha
abhij; {MSA}abhijat; {MSA}abhijatva

clairvoyance {C}higher knowledges;
superknowledges
mngon byang lnga
{MSA}a-abhij; {MSA}adh ... abhij the

six clairvoyances
mngon byang;

mngon par shes pa drug
the five clarifications; {T} the five manifest

enlightenments ?
mngon par rdzogs par byang chub

abhisabodhi clarification; full enlightenment
mngon par shes

pa la sogs pa yon tan {MV}abhijdi-gua the
qualities of clairvoyances and so forth
mngon rdzogs thoroughly complete;
mngon par shes pa
completely
mngon zhen, mngon par
lhag ma gsum {MSA}avaia ... tri ... abhij

the three remaining clairvoyances {T}
zhen pa {LCh,C}abhinivea; {MSA}abhinivia;

{C}abhiniveita; {LCh}adhyavasya exaggerated
adherence; manifest conception; strong
adherence {C}settling down in
de bsgoms
pas bden dzin gyi mngon zhen mtha dag gi gnyen
por yang groo meditation on it goes as the
antidote to all the exaggerated adherences of the
conception of true existence{MSI-426}
mngon par shes pai spyod
pa spyad spyod spyad spyod

{MSA}abhij-cary practice clairvoyance
mngon par shes par gyur
pas {C}abhiniviate through being clairvoyant

{C}settle down in; adhere to
mngon par shes
mngon shes, mngon par
pas rnam par brtse ba {C}abhij-vikrat;

{C}abhij-vikranat playing with the
superknowledges{C}
shes pa {LCh,MSA}abhij clairvoyance
mngon shes clairvoyance

mngon shes skyed pa nyid
mngon par bshad pa {C}
abhibhyate explain; manifestly explain {C}

the words addressed to one
{PH}the very generation of the clairvoyances
mngon par bsags pa {C}
mngon shes drug six clairvoyances

mngon sum {LCh,C,L,MSA}pratyaka;
abhisacetayita collected {C}arranged (into

concrete things and events)
mngon spyod
{C}samukham; {MSA}aparoka; {MSA,C}

samukha direct perception; direct perceiver;
obvious object {C}cognizable by the senses;
spyad
spyod spyad spyod {Das} abhicra violent

activities; fierce activities
162
sense-perception; open; face to face (with)
od gsal du mngon sum du
jug pai rten basis for manifestly entering into
the clear light
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rtog pa dang
bral zhing ma khrul bai rig pa Def.: a non-mistaken
knower that is free from conceptuality{JKA}
nyid/ rtog pa dang bral zhing ma khrul bai gsar du mi

slu bai rig pa Def.: a new, incontrovertible, non-
mistaken knower that is free from conceptuality
mngon
sum gyi tshad mas dngos su rtogs par bya ba
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs an

explicit object of cognition by a direct perceiver

dbye ba/ 1 dbang mngon/
Divisions:
mngon sum gyis rtogs pa
2 yid mngon/ 3 rang rig mngon sum/ 4 rnal byor

mngon sum/ Div.: (1) sense direct perceiver; (2)
mental direct perceiver; (3) self-knowing direct
perceiver; (4) yogic direct perceiver
pratyakdhigata realize with direct perception
mngon sum
gyis drangs pai rtog pa bcad shes conceptual
subsequent cognizer that remembers because
of direct perception; {T} conceptual subsequent
cognizer that is induced by direct perception
mngon sum khrul rgyu can
direct perception serving as a cause of error

{GD:736} perception leading to error
mngon sum mngon sum gyis
dren pai nges shes {GD:476} an ascertaining

consciousness induced by perception
gis drangs pai rtog pa bcad shes
mngon sum goms pa can
mngon sum bcad shes
{GD:731} trained perceptions
mngon sum gyi nges ngor
pratyaka-paricchinna-jna direct subsequent

cognizer
to/for the ascertainment factor of a direct

perception

dbye
Divisions:
mngon sum gyi snang yul
appearing object of direct perception7;
appearing object of a direct perceiver
mngon
sum gyi snang yul du rang ngos nas grub pa

establishment from its own side as an appearing
object of a direct perception
mngon sum gyi spyod yul
spyad spyod spyad spyod object in

the sphere of direct perception; sphere of direct
perception{LG}
mngon sum gyi tshad ma
pratyaka-prama direct prime cognizer; direct

valid cognition; sense direct perception; direct
prime cognition
Definitions:
mtshan
163
ba/ 1 dbang mngon bcad shes/ 2 yid mngon bcad

shes/ 3 rang rig bcad shes/ 4 rnal byor mngon
sum bcad shes/ Div.: (1) sense direct subsequent
cognizer; (2) mental direct subsequent cognizer; (3)
self-knowing direct subsequent cognizer; (4) yogic
direct subsequent cognizer
mngon sum rtogs pa can
vikalpaka-pratyaka {GD:126} conceptual

perception
mngon sum ltar snang

pratyaka-bhsa pseudo/quasi/counterfeit
direct perception/ perceiver {GD:480} pseudoperceptions
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang gi snang yul la
khrul bai rig pa Def.: an awareness mistaken with
respect to its appearing object

dbye ba/
Divisions:
1 khrul bai rtog pa/ 2 kun rdzob kyi rtog pa/ 3 rjes
dpag gi rtog pa/ 4 rjes su dpag pa las byung bai
rtog pa/ 5 dran pai rtog pa/ 6 mngon dod kyi rtog
pa/ 7 rtog med mngon sum ltar snang/ Div.: (1)
mistaken conception; (2) conventional conception;
(3) inferential conception; (4) conception arisen
from inference; (5) memory conception; (6) wishing
conception; (7) non-conceptual counterfeit direct
perception
mngon sum dang po pa
mngon sum du bya ba {C,MSA}

ktkriy; {L}sktkra; {MV}sktkaraa;
{MV}sktkti; {MSA}samukh-bhva (e.g.:
mrga-samukh-bhva) manifestation;
actualization {C}realization
mngon sum du byas nas {C}
mngon sum du byed cing {C}
pratyaka directly; manifestly; evidently

{PH}manifestly; evidently; directly {C}in the
presence of os
gsal du mngon sum du jug pai rten basis for
manifestly entering into the clear light
pratyka-krin manifest; actual {C}has

placed directly before his own eyes
mngon sum du byed pa {L}
mngon sum du gyur {C}samukh-
sktkra manifestation; actualization

realization
bhta manifest {C}directed towards; face to

face; presence; be present; come face to face with;
still (visibly) present
mngon sum du ma mdzad pa

{C}asktkta non-manifest; not actual {C}
not realized
mngon sum du gyur pa {C}
bhimukhya; {C}samukh-bhta manifest {C}

directed towards; face to face; presence; be present;
come face to face with; still (visibly) present
mngon sum du bgyid pa
mngon sum bya ba {MV}
skt-karoti (=bhavayitva) having manifested;

actualizing {C}realize
mngon sum ma yin pa {MSA}
mngon sum du
anmukha; {MSA}apratyaka; {MSA}asamaka

non-manifest; not actual
jug ldan gnyis ka both enter and arise from

manifestly
mngon sum du rtogs pa
manifestation
mngon sum byas nas {C}
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis actualize;
make manifest
mngon sum du mdzad pa
sktkaraa; {MV}sktkti manifestation;

actualization
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {L}sktkra
directly see
sktkra; {MV}sktkriy manifestation;

actualization realization
mngon sum du {C}skt; {MSA}
actualization; make manifest
mngon sum du mthong ba
mngon sum du byas pa {L}
{PH}
initial perceptions
mngon sum du bgyid
cognize directly; direct realization
skt-karoti; {C}bhvayitv manifesting;

actualizing {C}realize
{GD:736} first perception
mngon sum dang po ba
skdadhigata; pratyaka realize directly;
mngon sum ma yin pai

chos non-obvious phenomenon
164
mngon sum mi byed {C}
rngai sgra {MSA}dundubhi-svar sound of
asktkriy nonmanifestation; non-manifest;

not actual {C}cannot be realized
a drum
{PH}four types of valid perception
rngub inhalation
rngul {PH}sweat
rngog legs pai shes rab
mdzad, mngon sum du mdzad {C}aka-ga

manifest {C}show up
rngog lo ts ba blo ldan
aiming the mind directly (?) {T} {GD:506}

inattentive perception
rngog lo tsa ba bol ldan
mngon sum tshad ma
{PH}valid
perception
mngon sum tshad ma bzhi
{GD:ix,xiii} N#gok-lek-b#ay-s#hay-rap (circa 11th

c.), a G#a-dam-b#a author on epistemology
mngon sum
shes rab {PH}the translater; Ngok Lo-den-shayrap (1059-1109)
mngon sum yid ma gtad not
shes rab {GD:ix,xiii} N#gok Lo-d#za-wa L#oden-s#hay-rap (1059-1109), a G#a-dam-b#a author

on epistemology
mngon
rngon pa {C}nida {C}hunter

lnga {LCh}paca five
lnga sde bzang po the first five
sum la snang ba gang zhig so sor mi snang ba

(1) appearing to direct perception; and (2) not
appearing as separate
mngor ba sweet{D1}
rnga {MSA}trya drum
rnga bo che {C}bher {C}drum
rnga bo che chen poi leu
disciples of the Buddha [the five ascetics:

Kauinya, Avajit, Vapa, and Mahnaman]
lnga pa {MSA}pacaka; {MV}pacam; {MV}

pacama the fifth {T}
mahbherhraka-parivarta the Great Drum

Stra (mahbherhraka-parivarta), P. 888, vol.
35
rnga mo camel
rnga yab cmara Cmara
rnga yab gzhan aparacmara
before; early {PH}half
snga gro gcig
{PH}one half days
journey
snga rgol
brgal
rgal brgald rgold {LCh}prvavdin former
party; former opponent; opponent; other party
Aparacmara
rngan can byed par gyur {C}

uccagghayati {C}sneer; deride
snga ltas {C}prva-nimitta former sign;
rngan pa {C}puya {C}merit

rngams brjid dur
prior sign; omen {C}symptom; indication; sign

which indicates
snga dro {C}purobhakta; {L}prvhna
khrod rol pai chas {PH}frightful attire of a

charnel ground dweller
lnga po {MSA,MV}paca all five {T}

lnga po phrod {PH}five-fold alignment
snga {L}prva; {MSA}di previous; former;
morning; forenoon
165
{C}
snga droi dus {PH}morning

venerable Majur. {W23693} Mkhas-grub-rnamthar-bsdus-pa; 2b.2
snga na {PH}previously; formerly
snga na med phyir {MSA}prg abhvt snga rol gyi yang ches snga
prior lifetimes, this teacher was mentored by the
rol {C}parea paratarea {C}farther and farther

away from
former non-existence
snga nas bsags pa {C}prva-
snga rol du prior; before

snga lugs su prior
snga logs prior
snga logs su byung ba
upacita formerly collected {C}built up in the

past
snga phyi {L}paurvyparyyam former and
later; temporal {PH}previous and later; former

and later before and after; early and late
rgya gar du snga phyi
bsdoms pas lo bco lnga bzhugs, Combining [his]
previous and later [visits], [he] lived in India for
fifteen years. {GCG} p.21
byung byung byung byung prior

arising
sngags {LCh,TN}mantra spell; mantra;
snga phyi kun {PH}all former and later

snga phyi bai rten temporal base
snga phyi med pa {MV}aprvcarama
general word for tantra
sngags kyi theg pa mantrayna

Mantra Vehicle
sngags kyi rigs {C}jpya

chanting(?) {C}muttering
atemporal; no former and later
sngags mthu nyid
snga phyi med par {C}anuprva-
caramam; {MV}aprvcarama atemporal; no

former and later {C}sooner or later
{PH}the power of
mantra
snga phyir {L}paurvyparyyam former and

later
snga ma {C,MSA}prva; {C}purima former;

earlier; prior; early {C}first; the first one
sngags mthus by the power of a

mantra{S}
sngags pa bsgrub pa

mantra-sdhana {C}evocation of mantras
snga ma phyi ma khyad med
sngags rim, sngags rim
snga mai las nyon former actions
sngang ba appear; appearance; bright;
chen mo Tsong-kha-pas (tsong kha pa) Great

Exposition of Secret Mantra
{MSA}paurvparyviia no difference between

former and later
shining
and afflictions
sngar before; formerly; previously

sngar kun
snga rabs pa
{C}built up in the past;

{GD:550} previous [thinkers]
snga rol
nas nyon mongs pa phyis rnam par byang

{MV}prva saklea pacd vyavadna
formerly afflicted, later purified {T}

bla ma di sku tshad
{PH}earlier; prior; before
dpag tu med pai snga rol nas; rje btsun jam pai
dbyangs kyis rjes su bzung ba yin; Over countless
166
sngar gyi gnas cha jig
sngo ser {PH}blue and yellow

sngo ser dkar dmar {PH}blue;
pa the factor of stability [attained] earlier

disintegrates
sngar gyi mtshan ma {C}prva-
yellow; white; and red
sngo ser dmar dkar
nimitta former sign {C}symptom; (a certain)

sign; which indicates; indication
sngar rgol
sngon {L,C,MSA,MV}prva; {C}purvakara;
brgal
{C}prvam (=prvaka); {C}paurvaka prior;

previous; former {C}first; formerly; before;
first of all; up to now; so far; in the past; previously
described; of the past
rgal brgald rgold prvapaka challenger (in

debate); former party; prior opponent
sngar gda bai {C}dyate
{C}is
sngon goms par byas pa {MV}
seen; has appeared; has seen
sngar nas yod pas since he has
prvbhysa cultivated previously {T}
from before
sngar lung ma bstan
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}dv

avykarat not previously revealed in scripture
sngar utp la mthong

ma myong bai gang zag gi rgyud kyi utp lai kha
dog dzin pai dbang mngon
gzung dzin bzung zungs sense direct
perception in the continuum of a personwho
has not previously experienced seeing an
utpalathat apprehends the color of an utpala
sngo
sngon gyi
rgyal ba dag la bya ba byas pa yin par {C}prvajina-kta-adhikra {C}one who has fulfilled/
performed/done his duties under the former Jinas
sngon gyi mtha {C}prvntatas
{C}
in the past; from where it begins; at/in the beginning
sngo skya bluish{D1}

sngo sga the leaves of green ginger which
has a round type of leaf and grows in snow

mountains or in stony areas on mountains where
there used to be snow
sngo nag blue black{D1}

sngo dzin gzung
sngon gyi dus {L}prvakla former

age; earlier time
sngon gyi gnas
rjes su dran pa shes pa {PH}superknowledge of

recollecting former lives
sngon gyi
gnas rjes su dran pai mngon shes {PH}
superknowledge of recollects former lives
dzin bzung zungs apprehending blue
sngon gyi smon lam {MSA}prva-
{PH}
sense direct perception apprehending blue
praidhna former prayer wishes {T}
{PH}light blue
parpuruottamena {C}from Him who went

before me
rgyal ba la bya ba lhag par byas shing {C}prvajina-kta-adhikra {C}one who has fulfilled/
performed/done his duties under the former Jinas
sngos/ nmayi; nati dedicate {PH}blue
sngo si
sngon gyi {C}pur {C}who preceeded me

sngon gyi skye mchog gis {C}
sngon gyi
bsngo/ sngo/ bsngos/
sngo dzin dbang mngon
{PH}blue;
yellow; red; and white
167
sngon gyi las {MSA}prva-karman
sngon du bsnyen pa prior
former action {T}
sngon gyi srol {PH}ancient tradition

sngon gro, sngon du gro ba
approximation
sngon du bsnyen pa byed pa

prior approximation
{LCh}prvaka; {LCh}prvagama; prvagama

[before-go]; preliminary practices; preliminary;
preparation; prerequisite
sngon du ma song bar
song song song song without being
sngon gro tsam yin pas since
preceded by...
[they] are mere preliminaries
sngon groi sbyor ba
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord preparatory
training
sngon chad {C}alabdha-prva; {MSA}

prva {PH}in the past {C}in the past(?)
sngon chad par paricrik(ya)
sngon chad spyad par
[from the second moment until death; usually the

longest of the four states]
sngon nas {PH}previously; prior

sngon gnas previous situations
sngon gnas rjes
sngon gnas rjes dran gyi

spyad spyod spyad spyod paricrik(y)
shes pa {PH}knowledge of former lives
sngon po {LCh,C,MSA} nla blue
{C}when in the past he served
sngon chad spyod pai tshe
{C}
black-blue

paricrik(y) {C}when in the past he served
sngon poi tha

snyad kyi gzhir gyur pai sngon po blue that is
the referent of the convention blue
{C}
sngon spyod tshe na
which he had not had before
sngon jug prefix

sngon du gro precede
sngon du gro ba {LCh}prvaka;
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}paricrikym {C}

having served them in the past
sngon ma former
sngon med pa aprva
{LCh}prvagama;{C}prva gama; {C}

prvagamat preliminary; prerequisite {C}
preceeded; controller; directs; controls; controlled
by; controlled
unprecedented{N}
sngon med pa skye {MSA}aprvotpatti

not previously arisen
sngon du gro bar dod pa
sngon dzin
{C}prvagamena bhavitu-kma {C}wants to

win precedence over
gzung
dzin bzung zungs apprehending blue
sngon du gro ye shes {MSA}
jna-prvagama preliminary exalted wisdom;

previous exalted wisdom
sngon dus kyi srid pa prior state
dran gyi mngon shes {PH}superknowledge of

recollecting former lives
{C}
when in the past he served
sngon chad ma {C}aprva-labha
168
sngon dzin
mngon sum gyi de ma thag rkyen

gzung dzin bzung zungs immediately
preceding condition of a direct perception
mtshan nyid/ sngon dzin mngon sum myong

apprehending blue
Definitions:
ba gsal rig tsam du gtso bor dngos su skyed byed kyi rig
pa Def.: a knower that is the main direct producer
of a direct perception apprehending blue only as a

luminous and knowing experiential entity
sngon dzin
mngon sum gyi bdag rkyen

gzung dzin bzung zungs empowering/
proprietary condition of a direct perception
apprehending blue
Definitions:
mtshan
nyid/ sngon dzin mngon sum rang dbang du gtso bor
dngos su skyed byed Def.: main direct producer of a
direct perception apprehending blue under its own

power
sngon dzin
ldan du gtso bor dngos su skyed byed

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed main direct
producer of a direct perception apprehending
blue as having its aspect
sngon dzin mngon sum rang dbang du gtso bor

dngos su skyed byed bskyed
skyed bskyed skyed main direct producer of a
direct perception apprehending blue under its
own power
sngon dzin dbang mngon gyis drangs
pai sngon po nges pai shes don mthun factually

concordant determining consciousness of blue
that is induced from a sense direct perceiver
apprehending blue (?)
sngon rol {MSA}di; {MSA}prc prior;
mngon sum gyi dmigs rkyen

gzung dzin bzung zungs observed object
condition of a direct perceiver apprehending
blue
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
sngon song
of a direct perception apprehending blue as having

the aspect of blue
bsngags {C}praas; (pra as):
previous
sngos

sngos/ nmayi; nati dedicate
sngon dzin mngon sum sngon poi rnam ldan du gtso
bor dngos su skyed byed Def.: main direct producer
sngon dzin mngon sum sngon poi rnam
ldan du gtso bor dngos su skyed byed

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed main direct
producer of a direct perception apprehending
blue as having the aspect of blue
sngon dzin mngon
sum myong ba gsal rig tsam du gtso bor dngos

su skyed byed kyi rig pa
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed a knower that is the
main direct producer of a direct perception
apprehending blue only as a luminous and
knowing experiential entity
sngon dzin mngon sum rang gi rnam

song song
song song preceding
{MSA}praasate; {C}ayate to praise {C}

glorification; recommend
bsngags ldan {Das} kaaka; kaika

{PH}Kaaka
bsngags pa ( as): {MSA}asanti;
{C}asita; {MSA}praas; {C}praasta; {MSA}

praas vidadhati (vi dh); {L}vara; (
var): {MSA}varayati; {MSA}varitavat praise
{C}glorification; extolled; lauded; color; outward
appearance
bsngags pa brjod
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}vara bhate;

{C}vara-vda {C}speak in praise of; proclaim
the praises of
bsngags pa brjod pa
169

brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}vara-vdin
{C}one who has praised; praise; incite
bsngags pa ston te
bstan ston bstand stond {C}varayati
{C}praises
bsngags pa mi ston te
bstan ston bstand stond {C}varayati

{C}praises
bsngags pa ang brjod la
ci dgos {C}kimuta
{C}what?; why?;
who?; how much more?
brjod rjod
{PH}perhaps {C}but if;

but however; or even; if; or even if
sngos/ {C}nmayi; {MV}nati dedicate {C}

dedicate to
ci thub [what-able]; whatever one can; as

much as possible
ci thod thod smra ba {C}yat-kicanapralpin {C}prattling away about everything that

comes into ones head
bsngo bgrang review

bsngo ba {MV}nati; {MSA}parimana
ci dra [what-like]; whatever like;
dedicate {PH}dedication
whatever; what like?
ci dra ba {C}atha [what-like]; whatever
bsngo ba sgom lam
like; whatever; what like? {C}but; if; moreover;

however; but when; as like
parimanlakao bhvanmrga [Great

Vehicle] path of meditation of dedication
ci nas kyang [what-from-even]; in any
bsngo ba chung ngu small dedication

bsngo ba yin {C}parimita bhavati
case; by all means
ci nus [what-able]; whatever one can; as
dedicate {C}becomes turned over
much as possible
ci nus su
{C}
{PH}as much as possible; as

many [times] as possible
turns over
bsngo/ sngo/
ci phyir, cii phyir why?; for what
bsngos/ sngos/ nmayi; nati dedicate
ca lag things; goods

cag plural marker
cang, ci yang at all; anything
cang mi smra bar dug {C}
reason?
ci phyir zhe na {C}ki kraam
{C}for
what reason?
tbhvena-atinamayati {C}spend his time in

silence
question: Is ... (the case)?; who
ci ste {C}athav
vara-vdin {C}one who has praised; praise;

incite
bsngos
can possessing; having; subject to

ci kim what; however; whatever; can indicate
brjod rjod what has been told(?)
bsngags pa gsung gis {C}
bsngo yin {C}nmayti dedicate
{C}wise;
thorough-bred; well-born
ci brjod
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}

vara bhate {C}speak in praise of
bsngo
cang shes pa {C,L}jneya
170
ci bar ma dor {C}antar
{C}
meanwhile; midway; prematurely; intermediate
state
ci bas kyang
{PH}very much; especially
ci la dgongs nas thinking of
bod dpe rnams ci

bas kyang spus legs; The Tibetan texts were of
especially good quality. {GCG} p. 28/48
what?
ci la brten te {L}ki pratihya
ci ma rung [what-not-fitting]; how nice it
depending upon what; having what basis
ci la gnas {L}ki saniritya having
would be!; how would it not be fitting?
ci zhig what
ci ang med pa {C}kicanaya;
what basis
ci slad du on account of what?

ci slad zhe na {C}ki kraam (=na
kicanya nothingness {C}destitution;

absolute non-existence
khalu punar) {C}on account of what?; for what

reason?
ci ang med pai skye mched
ci bsam kun grub
{C}kicanyyatana sphere of nothingness

{C}sense-field of absolute non-existence
ci yang, cang at all; anything

ci yang {PH}at all; anything whatsoever
cig particle indicating a or imperative
(often untranslatable) {PH}[imperative marker]
bdag dzin la ci yang mi
cig sgra the sound, cig, (?)

cig car {LCh,C}sakt simultaneously;
gnod de it will not harm the conception of self at

all {MSI 409.2}
ci yang med {LCh}kicanya;
simultaneous {C}once more
akicanya nothingness
ci yang med pai skye mched

{LCh}kicanyyatana sphere of nothingness
ci yod [what-is]; what is?; whatever

ci rigs any; or
ci rigs sgo nas {PH}from the point
ci rigs pa [what-type]; any; and either;

either
ci rigs par {MV} yathyogam (= ci
sbyar
sbyor sbyard sbyord {MV}yathrhatas either is

affixed
cig car du {LCh}yugapad simultaneous;
cig car ba simultaneous

cig char du {LCh}yugapad
simultaneous; simultaneously; at one time
cig dang yud tsam zhig
cig shos
{PH}other one
The desire that arises
from [external] conditions is easy to suppress, the
other is not. {A4C}
cing and; pronoun indicator; present and past

participal indicator
{PH}suitably
{MSA}asakt (?); {C}yamaka simultaneously;

simultaneous; at one time {C}sudden;
immediate; quick; together; a few; some; twin
muhrta minute; second
rigs su sbyar bar bya); {MV}yathrhatas (= ci rigs

sbyar) {PH}as is suitable; as either
ci rigs su
ci la of what?
cig car {MSA}yugapad; {MSA}sakt;
at one time; simultaneously
of view of whichever is suitable
ci rigs sbyar
{PH}all your
wishes will be fulfilled
171
cii phyir, ci phyir why?; for what
cung zad tsam zhig {C}alpa-mtra
reason? [lit.: because of what?]
cii slad du on account of what?; why?

ciu mkhar {PH}prefectural capital
cis by any
cis kyang in any case; by all means
cung {PH}slight
cung mi bden {PH}somewhat untrue
cung zad kicit; {MSA}kicid; {MSA}
only slightly; only a few {C}a few only
ce na {Ch}iti; {LCh}ced; iti cet if it is asked

ces iti particle indicating quotation; thus
ces brjod brjod rjod
brjod rjod {C}ucyate {C}it is said; is spoken of;

one speaks of; is called; is expounded
ces pa iti particle indicating quotation

ces pai mdo tshig bka
stsal pa spoke the words of stra
alpa; {MSA}alpa-mtra; {C}au [little-only];

somewhat; slight; only a little; a little; any
{PH}slightest; slightly something; someone;
{C}atom; smallest thing; particle
khyad par cung zad kyang med pas
Since there is not even the slightest difference ...
ces bya {C}nman indicates quotation; it

is said {C}name(d); word; mere word
ces bya ba indicates quotation; it is said

co {MSA}kea hair
co dri {A4C} vihehaka {PH}injurious
[PGP 79]
cung zad kyang kimcit slight; only a
One sees
little; a little; any something; someone
cung zad lkog gyur kicid-paroka

slightly hidden phenomenon
that the maturation of evil on earth is only injurious.

{A4C} VII.7ab
cog bu pa {C}naiad(y)ika
Definitions:

mtshan
{C}one who
even in his sleep remains in a sitting posture
nyid/ blo rigz tshur mthong rnams kyis thog mar dngos
stobs kyi rtags la brten nas nges par rtogs dgos pai
chos Definition: Knowledge and Awareness:
a phenomenon which an ordinary being must

definitely realize initially in dependence upon a sign
by the power of the fact
cung zad lkog yur kimcidparoka

slightly hidden phenomena
Jok-ro
cod pan crown
{PH}crown
[One] naturally assumes the
crown of the nine great [states of existence] of the
triple world system Mi-pham, Svarodaya comm. 3b.1
gcags pa love; be intimate with;
cung zad phye ste slightly extensive

cung zad mi kicit slight; only a little;
apprehend
gcad
gcad/ gcod/
bcad/ chod/ to cut; decided; eliminate; judge;
condemn
little; any something; someone
cung zad med nothing in the least; not
gcad du med {C}acchinna not cut;
a little
cung zad tsam {MSA}alpa-mtra;
not decided; not eliminated {C}not cut apart
{MSA}kicid; {MSA}kicitka only slightly; only

a little
cog rtse table

cog ro lo chen the Great Translator
172
gcad pa
gcad/
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 rang ldog gcig pa/ 2 ngo bo
gcig pa/ 3 rigs gcig pa/ Divisions: (1) same self
isolate; (2) same entity; (3) same type
gcod/ bcad/ chod/ {C}chidyate to cut; decided;

eliminate; judge; condemn {C}is cut (off)
gcan gzan {C}vya carnivorous

animal {C}beasts of prey
gcan gzan khro boi rigs

dag {C}caa-mga-jtni fierce carnivorous
animals {C}fierce beasts of prey
gcan gzan gyi dgon pa {C}
vya-kntra a place with carnivorous animals

{C}wild place with beasts of prey
gcan gzan
gyi dgon pai nang du song na

song song song song {C}vya-kntramadhya-gata go into the midst of a place with
carnivorous animals {C}gets into a wilderness
infested with wild beasts
gcig gi rgyu
las gcig byung ba yin pa

byung byung byung byung {C}anyonya-hetuka
{C}mutual production; (lit.: from the cause of one;
the other arises)
{C}common; identical; mutual
gcig gis gcig stong

pai stong nyid emptiness of the one-beingempty-of-the-other
{C}vya-mga carnivorous animals and deer

{C}wild beast; beasts of prey; beasts of prey, deer,
and ferocious wild animals
gcig car sakt simultaneous

gcig car du sakt simultaneous;
gcan gzan gdug pa {C}vya-
simultaneously
mga carnivorous animals and deer {C}

wild beast; beasts of prey; beasts of prey, deer, and
ferocious wild animals
{PH}flattering
gcig cig at a certain time

gcig char ba one who [proceeds]
simultaneously{Gn-chok}
words
gci urine; to urinate

gcig {MV}eka; {MV}ekatva; {MSA}aikyatas;
{C}mitha; abhinna {GD:284} one; same;

oneness; unitary; single; singular phenomenon
{PH}identity; same {C}autonomous; first;
together; one single; alone; the same as; only one;
common; identical; mutual
rtag gcig rang dbang can permanent, unitary, and
autonomous rtse gcig one-pointed
That there is identity
(aikya) - namely, the form itself being the pot - is
not so. {A4C} 14.2a
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ so so ba ma yin pai
chos Definition: phenomena that are not separate
a difference which is a negation of oneness

{PH}a difference which is a negation of oneness
{GD:155} [distinct from something which is] a
mere negation of being one with [that something]
gcig gi gcig {C}mitha one; same
gcan gzan dang ri dwags
gcam bui tshig
gcig bkag pai tha dad
173
gcig nyid oneness; just one; sameness

gcig tu {C}kevala; {L}eknta this
can mean: one or many devoted soley to;

exceedingly; devoted to one aim only; {C}only;
together; complete
gcig tu bgyid pa ma lags

pa bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis
{C}anekatva-udrika (?) {C}does not exalt the
single oneness
gcig tu nges pa {L}ekntika
devoted to; take pleasure in; one aim/end/thing

only; exceedingly
gcig tu nges par gtan du
{C}ekenaikik {C}an absolute assurance
gcig tu brjod pa
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}ekodhra {C}single

utterance
gcig tu bsdus nas
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {L}kevala
gcig tsam du ni yid la {C}ekaone another; each other
dgod god bkod god {C}
eka-vyha; {C}vyha (=samha) {C}one single

array; array; mass; (miraculous) harmony
gcig tu bral sogs kyi
rigs pa the reasoning of the lack of being one or

many, etc.
gcig du this can mean: one or many

gcig dril to wrap around; bring
gcin mtra urine

gcen mo {PH}elder sister
gcen mo dang gcung mo
sisters (elder and younger)
gcer bu naked
gcer bu pa {LCh}nirgrantha
gces pa {LCh}priya; {C}dhrya;
pradhnatama cherish; dear; precious {C}

leader; the most valuable of all
gcig pa {MV}ekatva one; oneness;
gces spras to value

gces spras byed pa yin {C}
distinguished by; unitary
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 rang ldog gcig pa/ 2 ngo bo
gcig pa 3 rigs gcig pa/ Divisions: (1) same self
isolate; (2) same entity; (3) same type
bahu-kara {C}achieves much
gces spres {L}bahulkra value;
esteem; great zeal for; care for; hold dear; exert

oneself; extended; increase
{PH}merely not
gcig pu {MV}eka alone; sole; only; lone gces dzin
gzung dzin bzung zungs self cherishing
{PH}sole; lone; sole; single; alone
gcig pu nyid {PH}solitary

gcig pu la mngon par
dga ba {C}ektik-abhirata (=ansaga-vihrit)
{C}fond of solitude
gcig pur {MV} ekatva {PH}alone; sole

gcig bu ekam unitary
gcig bu zhig {PH}alone
{PH}
Nirgrantha; Unclothed
together
[He] is born
{PH}same or not the
same
gcig la gcig {L}anyonya mutually;
gcig tu rnam par bkod pa
one {GD:154} merely not one
gcig mi gcig
manas {C}single-mindedly
having condensed/brought together/abridged/

summarized as one; together; only; one
gcig pa bkag pa
alone in the empty celestial mansion (vhra) of

Brahma, ... {PW8-H}
gcong rong {PH}chasm

gcong rong gi chu bu
{PH}river
running through a chasm
gcong rong chu
{PH}river running
through a chasm
gcod
gcad/ gcod/
bcad/ chod/ {C}ucchiti; {C}chinat (=chinatti);

{C}vyaparopayati; {C}chindati; {MV}pariccheda
severance; cut; decide; judge; condemn;
174
eliminate; progress; excorcism; a form of Tantric
meditation started by female siddha Ma gcig lab
sgron ma, which involves offering ones body
to demons in order to excorcise them {C}
cessation; annihilation; cut off; rob of (e.g.: jvitd);
cut off
gcod pa
gcad/
gcod/ bcad/ chod/ {C}chindati; {L}chedana;

{MSA}upacchedana; {MSA}samucchedana; lam
gcod pa = {MSA}paripantha cut; decide; judge;
condemn; eliminate; progress; excorcism;
decided cut off; cut (asunder/off); end; destroy
gcod byed eliminator

gcod byed kyi bu
{GD:649}
cognitions which follow a valid cognition and
cognize the same object as that valid cognition
bcad par bya ba yin {C}

utsrayati {C}drives away
{PH}Vantsik (a
gcod byed pa {C}chindati {C}cuts off

gcod yul pa {PH}Chd practitioner
gcom {PH}conceit [His]
pride and conceit were diminished.
bcag phro {C}avabhedaka
{C}a
fragment of
/ /
bcang / chang / bcangs/ chongs/ to hold; keep;

put off [past tense of chang, to hold; to keep]
bcad
bcad/ chod/ {C}chin(n)atti; {C}samuccheda; {L}

gth decree; cut; decided; eliminated; judged;
condemned {C}take away; cuts (through)
annihilation; extermination; completely cut off;
poetry; verses
bcad pai yul can
class of pretas)
bcangs
bcad nas {C}chinnu {C}cut

bcad pa gcad/ gcod/
gcad/ gcod/ bcad/
chod/ cut; eliminate; decide; judge; condemn
bcad cing gtubs te {C}chittv
bcad du med pa {C}acchinnat not
dren byed kyi tshad ma snga mas rtogs zin rtogs pai
tshad min gyi rig pa Definition: a knower which is

not a direct perceiver and which realizes what has
already been realized by the former direct perceiver
inducing it
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 mngon sum bcad shes/ 2 rtog pa bcad
shes/ Divisions: (1) directly perceiving subsequent
cognizer; (2) conceptual subsequent cognizer
bcad shes don mthun *anvarthaparicchinna-jna factually concordant

subsequent cognition
*paricchinnajna subsequent cognition
distinguishable {C}not cut apart
not attaining an object with respect to which

superimpositions have been eliminated
bca
bca/ cha/
bcas/ cha/ {MSA}prajapti make; construct

[e.g., a mudr]; arrange [e.g., the legs in a
meditation posture]; formulate
bca sga {L}uh dried ginger{S}
bcad ldog elimination-isolate [a
{PH}dried ginger
bcas
conceptually isolatable factor that is a mere

elimination]
*pariccinnajna subsequent cognizer;

subsequent cognition; re-cognition
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang
bcad shes; dpyad shes
{C}having torn off
bcad don ma thob pa
bcad shes {C}paricchinna-jna;
bca/ cha/
bcas/ cha/ as well as; formulate; make;
175
bcu gnyis po {MV}dvdaa-vidha
construct [e.g., a mudr]; arrange [e.g., the legs

in a meditation posture]
bcas, bcas pa saha; {MV,MSA}
twelfth; twelve
sa- (e.g.: sa-prajapti; sa-dauhulya; etc.); {MSA}

-vat; {MSA}prajapta; {MSA}prajapti having;
together [with] possessing; with; connected with
bcas pa, bcas saha; {MV,MSA}
bcu drug cha
{PH}full-moon-like (lit.
having all 16 parts (lunar digits) [of the full
moon])
bcu pa {MV}daama; {MV,MSA}daam

tenth; ten
sa- (e.g.: sa-prajapti; sa-dauhulya; etc.); {MSA}

-vat; {MSA}prajapta; {MSA}prajapti having;
together with possessing; with; connected with
bcu po {MV}daan tenth; ten

bcu bzhi {MSA}carur-daa fourteen
bcu gsum rdo rje dzin
bcas pai skye ba {C}samutpda

{C}production; sprung up
bcas rang
pai sa {PH}thirteenth ground vajra-holder
{PH}transgressions [of vows]

and natural [offenses]
bcug
[already] determined (see: bcad pai yul can)
bcugs pa be intimate with; love

bcud {L}rasa beings; essence; what is in the
gzhug jug bcug

chug 1) indicates causative construction; 2)
enter; engage; apply; usher into
bcas shes (lit.) cognition of the

bcing
/ /
bcing / ching / bcings/ chings/ {C}bandhana

bind {C}imprisonment; bond(age); joined
together by
vessel; animate being taste; essence; elixir
bcings
/ /
bcing / ching / bcings/ chings/ bandhu (=baddha)
bind {C}bound
bcings pa
/ /
bcing / ching / bcings/ chings/ {MV}
gzhil/ jil/
bcil/ jild/ abandon; give up; subjugate
bcu {LCh,MSA,MV}daa; {MV}daan ten

{PH}ten
bcu gcig {MSA}ekdaa eleven

bcu gcig pa {MV 5.28}ekdaam
bcud kyis len {L}rasyana essence bcud len {L}rasyana essence-
extraction; essence-extraction (the treatment of

aging)
bcus daa ten; twisted

bcus pa twisted
bco ten
bco brgyad {MSA}aa-daa eighteen
bcom gzhom joms
bcom choms {C}upahata; {C} -h; {C}hni
destroy; overcome; triumph over {C}injure;
oppress; afflict; those who have forsaken; failure;
diminution; decrease; waning; loss
eleven; eleventh
bcu bcu {PH}ten each

bcu gnyis dvdaa twelve
the world; worldly beings; lit.: beings in the

vessel{Lati}
extraction
bandha; {MSA}baddha; {C}bandhana; {C}vadhya

bound; bind; bondage{N} {C}murder; prisoner
condemned to death
bcil ba
bcud kyi sems can beings in
176
bcom ldan
when it is broken up or mentally divided/
gzhom joms bcom choms {MSA}Bhagavat

conqueror; victor
separated into parts
bcom ldan bde gshegs
{PH}
the Transcendent Victor; the One-Gone-to-Bliss
bcom ldan das
gzhom joms bcom choms {LCh}Bhagavan;

{C,MSA}Bhagavat; bhagavan; bhagavat
[conqueror-possessing-passed beyond];
Supramundane Victor; Blessed One; Buddha;
victorious
bcom ldan das
kyis kun tu bstan pa bstan

ston bstand stond {MSA}sadarit buddhena
completely demonstrated/taught/indicated by a
Supramundane Victor
bcom ldan das

dpal brtsegs rgyal po {PH}the Transcendent
Victor rka-rja
bcom ldan das dpal brtsegs rgyal po de bzhin

gshegs pa {PH}the Tathgata; the Transcendent
Victor rka-rja
bcom
ldan das s lai dbang poi rgyal po byung ba
*slendra-rjcra {PH}the Transcendent Victor
Slendra-rjcra
bcom nas
bcom pa
gzhom
joms bcom choms {MSA}hata; {C}manthana;
{MSA}samudghta; {C}pratihanyate; yang dag
par bcom pa = {MSA}samutpana destroy;
overcome; triumph over {C}conquered;
shaking; shaking about; agitating; killing; slaying; is
obstructed; is frustrated; beat back; be upset
bcom
gzhom joms bcom choms {C}upahanyate

destroy; overcome; triumph over {C}vitiate;
injure
bcom zhing phyir
phyogs par gyur {C}bhagna-ph-karoti {C}

has his back broken
bcom zhing phyir phyogs

par byed gzhom joms
bcom choms {C}bhagna-ph-karoti {C}has
his back broken
bcom zhing phyir
phyogs par mi gyur

gzhom joms bcom choms {C}bhagna-ph-karoti
{C}has his back broken
bcos {MSA,C}prativarika fabricated;

made up {C}counterfeit; similar
bcos pa {MSA}prativarika fabricated;

bcos pu {C}prativarika fabricated;

bcos ma {MSA}ktrima; {MSA}pratirpa
fake; fabricated; artificial; made up; fabrication
bcos ma ma yin pa aktrima

non-artificial; non-fabricated
gzhom joms bcom choms {C}vidhvamitva

having conquered/destroyed/triumphed over
{C}having disspelled; having destroyed
paam blos cha shas so sor bsal ba na

bcom zhing
bcos ma ma yin pai myong

ba aktrimnubhava non-artificial experience
bcos ma yin pa ktrimam
fabricated
gang zhig bcos ma yin pa de ni dei bdag
gi ba ma yin That which is fabricated is not its
mine. (yattu ktrima na tattasytmya) [PP,
263.1]
bcos min, bcos ma min

pa aktrima; {LCh}aktrima; aktaka nonartificial; non-fabricated; uncontrived
177
bcos min gyi myong ba
tongue-consciousness; tongue consciousness
Definitions:
uncontrived experience {PH}non-artificial

experience
... zhes dam bca bai blo bcos min gyi myong ba
non-artificial experience with respect to the mind
which promises ...
mtshan nyid/ rang gi thun mong ma yin pai bdag
rkyen lce dbang po dang dmigs rkyen ro la brten nas skye

bai rig pa Definition: an awareness that arises in
lca ba a leaf called ja-wa

lcag {C}kaa {C}whip
lcags {MSA}ayas; {MSA}loha iron
lcags kyi ri ayas-parvata iron
dependence upon its own uncommon empowering

condition, a tongue sense power, and its observed
object condition, a taste
lce shes kyi myong bya
mountains
apprehended object of a tongueconsciousness{D1}7 {T}object experienced by a

tongue-consciousness
iron hell-trees
{PH}
wind that moves through the door of the tongue
lcags kyi shal ma la aya-lmal lcei sgor rgyu bai rlung
lcags kyi shing shal ma li
lcei rnam par shes pa {LCh}
ayalmalvana Iron Grater
jihv-vijna tongue-consciousness7; tongue

consciousness
lcags khab
{PH}[iron] needle
The south Indians write letters with the tip of
lcei rnam shes jihvvijna tongue

consciousness
lcei dbang po {LCh}jihvendriya
a needle on palm fronds. {GC-GT} = Delhi (2001)

v.1 p.245 = Jinpa/Lopez; p.187
tongue sense; tongue sense-power
lcags sgrog shackle

lcags mda lcags gzhu steel
bow and steel arrow (an epithet of Tsong-khapas Essence of Eloquence, legs bshad snying po)
lcags ri fence
lcang skya rol pai rdo rje
pai nang gi gzugs can dwang ba Definition: clear
cha {LCh}aa; {LCh}bhga; {C,MSA}kal;
lcang ma tree
lcam pa a plant with a big red flower
lci ba guru; gurutva heaviness; heavy;7
{C}dea; {L}tam; {L}tam; {C}pratirpa; {MSA}

tulya; {MSA}rutka factor; portion; part; an
odd number (see example 2); all of (the parts of
something; see example 3) {PH}even number;
part; factor; [all] parts; all together; whole [as
suffix] {C}pair; fraction; place; region; rain;
fitting; proper; seemly gsum cha all three
together
teacher; weighty; deep
mong ma yin pai bdag rkyen byed pai cha nas bzhag
inner form qualified by acting as the uncommon

empowering condition of its own effect, an eyeconsciousness{D1}
Jang-kya-rol-pay-dor-jay (1717-1786), a prolific

Mongolian Ge-lug-pa scholar
lcid heavy
lce jihv; rasana tongue
lce shes jihv-vijna; jihv-jna
mtshan nyid/ rang bras lcei rnam shes kyi thun
Definitions:
cha factor; portion
{PH}even number; part;

factor; [all] parts; all together; whole [as suffix]
178
gsum cha all three together
cha brgyad sku gdung
mer zung hold this as a lamp for seeing the entire

path clearly
cha tshang khyer bde
{PH}eight
sets of relics
cha can aaka the whole; parts-
{PH}simple
and complete
cha tshang ba {PH}complete; entire

cha yis appears{TN}
cha lang {PH}cymbals
cha lugs style; appearance; gestalt; form;
possessor{N}
cha gcig {MSA}ekma one part {T}

cha bcas part-owner {GD:174} whole;
{GD:289} part holders
comportment
cha mnyam equal
cha mnyam pai the tshom equal cha shas {LCh}avayava factor; part
doubt
cha shas can avayavin whole;
possessing parts
cha mthun bhgya concordance with a
portion; partial concordance
cha shas med pa nir-avayava
partless
cha dang mthun {L}pakya
concordant; concordance; limb; wing
cha shas su phye nas having
divided into portions
cha dang mthun pa {MV}bhgya
concordant; concordance
chag to break; to decrease
cha dang ldan pa {L}bhgya
chag gyur la {C}praluptikye
concordance; concordant; entitled to
(=bhinnym) {C}when it breaks up
cha nas bzhag pa qualified by;

{C}in the guise of
chag chag sprinkle; wash

chag nyams skong bai
bsgyur sgyur bsgyurd sgyurd {C}
chag med without a break

chags {C}rga; {MSA}saga; {MSA}lobha;
posited from the point of view of
cha byad {C}veea appearance; gestalt
tshogs khor {PH}gaacakra feast for mending

breaches
cha byad du {C}vea {C}guise; disguise

cha byad du bsgyur cing
vea {C}in the guise of
cha byad du bcos par {C}vea
chags bcas {C}sa-rga
{C}guise; disguise
cha ma tshang {PH}incomplete

cha med [part-not-exist]; partless;
accompaniment with desire; having desire;

having attachment; desirous; attached {C}with
greed
chags sdang rmongs gsum
indefinite
cha tshang [parts-all]; entire
{PH}
complete; entire
lam cha tshang gsal bar mthong bai sgron
{MSA}zur chags = apa-; {C}sajjate to desire;

to become; to form; formed; having; desire;
attachment {C}greed; greedy; dye; hue(s)
{PH}the three attachment; aversion; and

delusion
179
chags pa {LCh}rga; {C}lubdha; {C}
lepa; {C}aga (=sayoga); {C,MSA}sakta;

{C,MSA,MV}sakti; {C}sajjati (=abhiniveate); {C}
parmati (=m rpa-dy-abhinivea-yogena
grahr ity); {C}asakta; {MSA}sakti; {MSA}kpa;
{MSA}kpaa; {MSA}bhakta; {MSA}lbha; {MSA}
saga attachment {C}covetous; pollution;
attached to; tied by; get stuck; misconstrue as;
adhere to; handle; unattached; bent on; home;
support
chags pa gcod byed {C}sagacched {C}one who cuts off attachment
(=pratihanyate = sajjasyati) be attached;

attached {C}be obstructed
chags par gyur {C}sajyate; {C}

anunyate be attached; attached {C}is
attached; be won over
chags par gyur bzhin
{C}anunyate; {C}anuneyate be attached;

attachment {C}be won over
chags par byao {C}sajjitavya
(=sakti kry) {C}should become attached
chags pa thams cad
chags par byed pa {C}pratideayati
dang bral ba {C}sarva-saga-vigata {C}free

from all attachment
(=ghta-bodhicitta-paritygt = pratypatti-balt
= kta-ppadeann) attachment {C}confesses
his error; see their error
chags pa mi mnga ba
mnga mnga mnga mnga {C}
chags spangs
asaga; asaga non-attachment; unattached

{C}without attachment; unshackled
spang spong spangs spongs {C}ansaga

abandoning attachment {C}free from
attachment
chags pa med {C}anopalipta; {MSA}
chags bral kmd virakta separated
sakta (na-); {MSA}nisagat nonattachment;

non-attachment; unattached {C}unstained
from attachment; separated from desire{Gnchok}; separation from attachment
chags pa med {C}parmati
chags bral sngon song
(=m rpa-dy-abhinivea-yogena grahr ity)

nonattachment; non-attachment; unattached
{C}misconstrue as; adhere to; handle
song song song song abandoning

[some] attachments/afflictions before [the path of
seeing]{Gn-chok}
chags pa med pa {C}nirupalepa;
chags brel
{PH}love affair
Although a merchants
{C}asakta; {C}asaga; {C}asagat nonattachment; unattached {C}without a

stain; stainless; untainted; without attachment;
unshackled
son had many love affairs, ... {A4C-C}
chags med {C}nirpalepa (=nirupalepa)
chags pa med pa nyid {C}
non-attached; non-attachment {C}stainless
chags med gyur {C}asaga-bhta
asagat {C}non-attachment
chags pa lam du byas pa
non-attachment {C}true non-attachment;
using desire in the path
ununited
chags pai mtha {C}saga-koi
chags tshul {PH}origin

chags shing {C}sajjate; {C}lna being
extreme of attachment {C}point of attachment
chags pai yid {C}sakta-manas
attached; attached {C}be attached; clings;

cling(ing) to; hanging on to
attached mind {C}their minds attached
chags par gyur te {C}sakati(?)
180
chad par gyur ba
chags sems {C}abhidhy attached

chad chad chad chad {C}chidyate
mind; mind of attachment {C}covetousness
chang {MSA}madya beer

chang khang bar; beer hall
chang pa stong pa {C}rikta-mui
annihilate; cut off {C}is cut (off)
chad par lta ba
blta lta bltas ltos uccheda-darana view of

annihilation; annihilationist view{N}
chad par smra ba ucchedavdin
{C}empty fist
chad
chad chad chad
Proponent of Annihilation
chad mal {PH}written agreement

chad mol {PH}written agreement
chab water {PH}[honorific prefix particle]
chab rnyog pa {L}vilaugha turbid
chad {C} uccheda; ucchitti severed7 verb: cut

off; split off7 noun: annihilation; nullification
{C}cessation
chad lta spong

spang spong spangs spongs the annihilationist
view is abandoned
chad lta smra ba
water; murky water

blta lta bltas ltos ucchedavdin Proponent of
Annihilation
chad mtha
chab rnyog pa
can mchis pai snod {L}vilaugha-bhjana

container filled with murky water
chad
chab ma {L}ghta ghee (i.e., clarified
chad chad chad ucchednta extreme of

annihilation
chad pa
butter); lid; valve(?)
chab shog {PH}official letter

chab srid kingdom, dominion, territory
chad chad
chad chad {C,MV}uccheda; {C}ucchedat; {C}

ucchidyate annihilation; cut off; nullification
{PH}descendant free from; removed;
separation; {C}cutting off; annihilationist views;
is annihilated; is cut off; forget
chad pa med
{PH}kingdom; dominion; territory; [religious and

secular] government; political affairs
[His] power over the kingdom of
existence reaches to the sky. {GZ 69a.1}
chao {C}pratirpa {C}fitting; proper; seemly

char {L}yugapad; {L}tam; {L}tam; rain;
chad chad chad chad {C}anuccheda not cut

off; non-annihilation; uninterrupted {C}noninterruption; not cut off
{MSA}ambu-vara simultaneously; all; at

the same time; together; rain {PH}rain; all;
together phung po lnga char all five
aggregates together ...
chad pa med par jug
pa nichidravhana ; nichidravhana
uninterruptedly engaging; uninterrupted
engagement
chad pai mtha
char rgyas par {C}vaistrika

widespread {C}extensive
chad chad chad chad ucchednta extreme of

annihilation{N}
chad par bgyid pa {C}ucchedika

annihilate; cut off {C}which annihilates
char gcod {C}nighti (=mandatm

pdayati) {C}hold back; supress
char dag {C}vara

year
181
{C}rain; shower(s);
char pa rain
char sprin rainclouds
char phab {C}varati
similar to water {T}
chu stod
{PH}Purvasadha [one of twentyeight constellations]
{C}rain down on;
(send) rain
char mi phyod {C}kalpi
{C}and
infinitesmal
char yang phab bo {C} varati
{C}
rain down on; (send) rain
chal pa {PH}scattering; covering

chal ba faulty [past tense of chal ba]
chal bai tshul khrims faulty
chu stod zla ba {PH}sixth month

chu dag {MSA} ap {PH}water
chu bur {C}budbuda; {C}arbuda
(=abhivardhamna-piakam) {C}bubble; boil
chu bur can
{PH}those in the Blistering

Hell [the first cold hell]
chu bur can gyis rdo rje chang tha mal
du mthong ... Those in the Blistering Hell see
Vajradhara as a commoner. {W23693} Mkhas-grubrnam-thar-bsdus-pa; 4a.5
ethics
chu bur rdol ba can nirarbuda
chas by the factor (= cha + instrumental
Bursting Blisters (Hell)
particle) {PH}clothes
chu bo {MSA,C}nad; {C}apaga; {MSA}

chings structure (?; see example)
pravhin river; stream
chibs {PH}mount [horse; etc.] (h)
chu bo lta bui sems bskyed
chu {LCh,C,L,MSA}ap; {LCh,C,MSA}udaka; {C}
mind-generation like river
daka (=udaka); {MSA}uda; {MSA}jala; {MSA}
chu bran {C}kunad {C}small river
toya; {MSA}nad; {MSA}vri; {C}pnya; p
water {PH}water {C}moisture; streams of cold chu dbus {C}jala {C}water
water shin du
chu bab bab
dwangs pai chu las chu bur rdol ba lta buo it is
like water bubbles surfacing from very clean water
{TGP 56}
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ brlan zhing gsher ba Definition: wet
and moistening
chu klung Patajali; {L}nad Patajali
babs bab babs waterfall
chu mig {C}utsa {C}fountain

chu tshod {C}nlik; {C}nikntara hour;
wristwatch; clock {C}half an hour
chu zheng {C}parinha
[proper name of the author of the Yoga-stras];

river {PH}river; waterfall
{C}circumference;
width
chu klung chen po {C}mah-nad
chu zheng gab {C}maala
{C}great river
symmetrical {C}a circumference like
chu skyes {PH}lotus (lit. water-born)

chu zla {C,MV}udaka-candra; {C}pratibhsa
reflection of moon in water; image; reflection
chu bcu bar bya {C}udaka dtavyam
{C}reflection of an object in a mirror; reflection in
water; image; apparition
{C}would water
chu ltar {MSA}vri-sada like water;

182
chu zlai gzugs {MSA}udaka-candra-
bimba form of moon in water
chu yi phung po {C}pa-skandha
{C}
the mass of water
chu yi tshigs pa {C}udaka-bindu
first; even; but; only
chung ba {LCh,MSA,C}alpa; {MSA}nyna;
{C}water-drops
chu lo chulo (sorrel leaves)

chu shing {C}kadal {C}plantain (tree)
chu shing gi snying po {C}kadal-
{MSA,C}partta small {C}little; few; limited
chung bai {C}parttatva {C}inadequacy

chung bar {C}mduka small {C}dull;
garbha {C}the core of the plantain tree
soft; mild
chu shel {L}candraknta moon gem;
chung ma {C}prajpati; {MSA}dra; {MSA}

bhry wife {C}chief wife
moonlight; lovely as the moon
chung {MSA}alpa; {MSA}tanu; {MSA}partta;
chung mar bcas pa {C}sa-putra-
{C,MSA}mdu small {C}soft; weak; low; dull;

supple
dra {C}together with his sons and daughters
chud {C}antar-gata to enter into
chung ngu {MSA,C}alpa; {MSA}alpa-mtra;
{C}
included; contained
chud pa {L}pravea to enter into
{MSA,C}partta; {MV}pratanu; {MSA}mdv; {C}

antaas; mdu small {C}limited; few; little;
even though; first; even; but; only
enter;
entrance; initiation
chud par gyur {C}pratividhyati will
chung ngu skor lesser cycles

chung ngu skor gsum {PH}the
enter into {C}penetrates to
chud ma zos par gyis shig
three lesser cycles
{C}nayitavyam {C}may not forget
chung ngu dang chen po {MSA}

mdv-adhimtra small and great
chung ngu yid la byed pa {MSA}

partta-manaskra small mental engagement
chung ngui chung ngu {C}mdumdu small of the small {C}very weak
chung ngui chen po mdvadhimtra

great of the small
chung ngui bring mdumadhya
chud mi za {C}ana nonwasted; not

losing out; not wasting {C}indestructibility
chud mi za ba {L}avipra; {L}
avipraa; {MSA}avipraa; {MSA}abandhya not

wasting; non-wastage not lose; not forget
chud mi za bai rgyu yin pa
{MSA}avipraa-hetutva being the cause of not

wasting; being the cause of non-wastage
chud mi gzan phyir {C}aviprae

because of not wasting {C}so that they may not
be lost
middling of the small
chung ngui sems {MV}hna-citta

small mind; small-minded
chung ngus chog shes pa {MSA}

alpa-mtra-satua satisfied with little
chung chung small; very small

chung du gro ba decrease
chung na {C}antaas {C}even (though);
183
chud mi gzom {C}vipraayati
(=anyath-karaam) cause to be wasted {C}

forget; lose
chud za vipraa; vipraa; vipra to
sbyangs pa che = tanuka ... prarabdhi great; big

{C}tall
che ge
waste
chud za ba {MSA}vipraa; {L}vipra;
such a one
{L}vipraa to waste
chud za bar gyur ro
che ge mo
such a one

vipranyati waste; will waste {C}forgets
che ge such a person;
che chung skor gnyis
chud zos pa vipraa; vipraa to
{PH}two
groups greater and lesser
che ba {LCh}mahat; {L}mahant; {MSA}
waste
chud zos par gyis shig {C}
mhtmya; {LCh}mah; {C}vipula; {MSA}

adhimtra; {MSA}adhimtratva; {MSA}tvra
great; big {C}extensive; vast; abundant
nayitavyam must not waste; should not waste

{C}may not forget
chud gzan {C}nayati; {L}vipraa

waste {C}forgets; forget; lose
chud gzan cing {C}naye wasting;

having wasted {C}would forget
chud gzan par gyur na {C}

naye if one wastes; wasting {C}would
forget
chud gzon {C}nayati wastes
che ge mo/ such a person;
che ba nyid {MSA}mhtmya greatness

che bai nga rgyal {L}atimna pride
of greatness great pride; arrogance; conceit
che bai lhag pai bsam pa
{C}mhtmya-dhyaya great special thought;

great unusual thought {C}magnanimous
resolution
che bring chung small, middling, and
{C}
great
che yun ring {C}cira
forgets
chub pai skye mched {C}ktsna-
{C}for a long
time; so long; for so long
yatana {C}all-basis
ched {MSA,MV}adhikra; {MSA}dhipateya;

chub byed pa {C}parypunat {C}study
{MSA}adhipateya; {MSA}nimitta intent; for the
sake of; {T} intent {PH}for the sake (of); in
chui klung {L}nad river
order that
chui skye bo daka-jantu water creature
ched du {LCh,MSA}artha; {C}kte for the
chui chu bur {C}budbuda {C}bubble
sake of; for the purpose of; for; benefit. {PH}
for the sake (of); in order that
chui phung po {C}ap-skandha water
gcod pai ched yin la is for the sake of eliminating
aggregate; aggregate of water {C}waterelement
chus {C}udaka
{C}water; moisture; stream of
cold water
chus brtan te {C}udaka dadyd
{C}
would water
che {MSA}mahat; {C}prjya; {MSA}shin tu

184
ched du ci phyir {C}nidna for what
purpose?; for the sake of what? {C}linked

with; foundation; for the sake of; Origins [e.g.: etannidn, because; ki nidnam, wherefrom; and for
what reason?; tato nidnam, on the strength of that;
as a result of; tan-nidnam, that link]
ched du brjod pa
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C} uddna saying;
sayings; {T} purposeful expressions {C}
summary
greater cycles
ched du
greatness
brjod paang ched du brjod pa ra mdzad pa

brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}udnam
udnayati {C}shout forth in triumph; exult; in
triumph they cried; utter as a shout of triumph
ched du brjod pai sde
chen poi chung ngu adhimtramdu

small of the great
ched du bya ba {MV,MSA}adhikra
chen poi chen po adhimtrdhimtra
intended activity; intended object; trainee;
big of the big; great of the great {PH}the great

of the great
object of intent
ched du bya bai dul bya
chen poi bring adhimtramadhya
special intended trainee [for whose sake a

teaching or tantra was taught]
middling of the great
chen por gyur pa {C}mahad-gata
ched du byed dul bya special
become great {C}gone great
trainee(s); {T} intended trainees ?
{C}as
a free agent; at will; deliberately
ched bzhin {C}yathoddeam according

to the training {C}according to the program
chen {MSA}ucca; {MSA}drgha; {MSA}pratata;

{MSA}mahat great; big; large
chen mchog {PH}supremely precious

chen po {LCh,L}mah; {LCh,MSA}mahat;
chen por bgyid
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}mahat-karoti make

great {C}makes greater
chen por mi bgyid
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}mahat-karoti not

make great {C}makes greater
chen ma {PH}senior queen; elder woman

cher gyur pa {MV}adhimtra great;
become great
{C}mahatt; {C}mahattva; {MSA}mahat; {C,MSA}

adhimtra; {MSA}adhimtrat; {MSA}ghana
great; large; big; great one {C}excessive;
extreme; preponderant; strong; greatness
chen po skor greater cycles

chen po skor bzhi {PH}the four
cher gcad pa {C}nigraha
{C}
refutation
cher blun pa nyid
{PH}extreme
stupidity
To claim that you are not afraid for that very
same reason is just extreme stupidity. {A4C-C}
ches {LCh} -tara very; big; great; greatly7
greater cycles
chen po stong pa nyid {C,MV}
adhimtra great of the great {C}very strong
{MV}adhikra train; trainee {C}program
chen po skor gsum
{MSA}mahattva (sapta-vidha-) seven aspects of

greatness; seven greatnesses
chen po yi chen po {C}adhimtra-
ched du bya {C}samuddea; {C}uddea;
ched du bsams {C}sacintya
chen po nyid rnam pa bdun

mah-nyat great emptiness
brjod rjod brjod rjod {L}udna

sayings{S}
chen po nyid {MSA}adhimtratva
{T} [comparative indicator]; more; -er ??
{PH}the three
185
ches skyen par
{PH}correctly
When
the syllables [of the alphabet], beginning with the
letter a, are pronounced correctly, ... {A4C-C}
ches khyad par du phags pa

{MSA}viiatara superior; much superior {T}
ches snga {PH}previous

ches snga ba {PH}previous
ches snga bar {PH}previously
ches mchog {C}para greatest; highest;
supreme {C}utmost; outshines them all; others;
(the) other; another; foreign; beyond
ches dpa {PH}great hero

ches zab {PH}exceptionally profound
ches gsal ba brilliantly illuminating
cho ga {L}vidhi rule; knowledge; {T} rite;
chog pa shes pa {L}satui

contented mind; satisfied in mind
chog par dzin pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}satua; {L}
satui; {MSA}satuatva contented; satisfied
chog
par dzin pai gnyen po yid la byed pa bsgom pa
{MSA}satui-prtipakika-manaskra-bhvana
cultivating mental contemplation that is an
antidote to satisfaction
chog ma shes pai brtson

grus effort that is insatiable; effort that does
not know satisfaction
chog mi shes {MSA}vitpta
discontented; discontented mind; unsatisfied

mind
chog mi shes pa {C}secanaka
discontented; discontented mind; unsatisfied

mind {C}glorified
ritual {PH}ritual
cho nge lamentable

cho phrul {C,MSA}prtihrya; {MSA}
chog mi shes pai brtson
grus {MSA}asatui-vrya effort of one who is

not satisfied
pratihrya miracle; magical display {VM}

dbye ba/ 1 rdzu phrul
Divisions:
chog dzin
gzung
dzin bzung zungs {MSA}tui contentment;
satisfaction
gyi cho phrul/ 2 kun tu brjod pai cho phrul/ 3 rjes

su bstan pai cho phrul/ Divisions: (1) miracles
of magical emanation; (2) miracles of speaking
everywhere; (3) miracles following teaching
chog shes {C}tui [enough-know];
permitted; when used with instrumental, the

meaning becomes: enough (see example 2)
{PH}ritual; permissible contented; satisfied
chod
be content; be satisfied; satisfaction {C}

contentment
cho brang {C}gotra lineage {C}clan

chog shes pa {C}satua; {C,MSA}
satui; {C}satuit knowing satisfaction;
cho rigs fathers lineage
content; satisfied; contentment; satisfaction
chog pa {L}satui permissible; allowed;
{C}easily contented
chog pa dzin pa

gzung dzin bzung zungs {L}satui contented;
satisfied
186
gcad/ gcod/
bcad/ chod/ (1) to be cut off; (2) imp. of gcod, to
cut
chod par {C}cchettum to be cut off

{C}be taken away
chom rkun {C}caura robber
chos kyi skye mched
{C}thief;
robber
chom rkun
gyi gnas dgon pai nang du song ste

song song song song {C}madhya-gata {C}
situated in (a wilderness infested with robbers); be
in the middle of; gets into
chom po yid la bgyid pa
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}cora-
manasikra {C}worry about robbers
choms pa
gzhom
joms bcom choms uproot
choms par gyur pa
gzhom joms bcom choms uproot
chos {MSA,MV}dharma; {TN,MSA}dharmat;
{MSA}dharama attribute; quality; phenomenon;

topic; doctrine; religion; practice; way {PH}
Dharma; teachings; quality; profound; deep
teaching; reality; true nature of things;
mthong chos la in this life
chos thams cad bdag med pa all phenomena
are selfless {T1 8.17}
chos nyid chos thams cad dang
chos chos chos can du brel ba the relationship
of reality with all phemonena as a quality of those
qualificands {DASI 600.3}
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang gi ngo bo dzin
pa bearing its own entity
chos kun {MSA}sarva-dharma all
phenomenon-constituent
chos kyi khor lo {C}dharma-cakra;

{MSA}dharmya ... cakra wheel of doctrine
chos kyi khor lo bskor ba
bskor skor bskord skord

{C}dharma-cakra-pravartana turn the wheel of
doctrine
chos kyi khor
lo bskor bai rnam bzhag {GD:847} Sakya

Chok-dens (sakya mchog ldan) Presentation of
the Turning of the Wheel. (Collected Works XVI)
Thimphu [Bhutan]: Kunzang Topgey, 1971.
chos kyi grwa
{PH}religious center;
religious college; doctrinal college
chos kyi grags pa dharmakrti
Dharmakrti [name of the Indian philosopher,

author of the Seven Treatises on Valid Cognition]
chos kyi rgyal {C}dharma-rja King

of Doctrine
chos kyi rgyal po
chos rgyal
{C}dharma-rja King of Doctrine
chos kyi rgyun {MSA}dharma-srotas
chos kyi sgo {MSA}dharma-mukha door
{PH}
of doctrine
subject [that cognizes] all phenomena
chos kyi {C}dhrmika
chos kyi khams dharmadhtu
stream of doctrine
phenomena
chos kun gyi yul can
pai gzugs {MSA}dharmyatanika ... rpa;

dharmyatanarpa form for the mental
consciousness
chos kyi sgron ma {C}dharmolk
{C}rightful;
lamp of doctrine
legitimate
chos kyi sku {MSA}dharma-kya body of chos kyi rnga rdung ba {C}
sampratana beat the drum of the doctrine {T}

{C}beating
attributes; Truth Body; Actual Body
chos kyi skye mched dharmyatana
chos kyi char {MSA}dharmmbu-vara
phenomenon source; phenomenon-source;
rain of doctrine
phenomenon-sense-sphere
187
chos kyi mchog {MSA}dharmottama
phenomena
chos kyi bdag tu dzin
highest doctrine; supreme doctrine
chos kyi mchog {MV}agra-dharma
pa gzung dzin bzung

zungs dharmtmagraha conception of a
self of phenomena; apprehension of a self of
phenomena
highest doctrine; supreme doctrine
chos kyi mchog tu gyur
chos kyi bdag med
agradharma (gata) highest doctrine; supreme

doctrine {C}Highest Dharmas
chos kyi mchog sdud pa
dharmanairtmya selflessness of phenomena
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {MSA}uttamadharma-sagraha compendium of highest

doctrine
chos kyi rjes su lta ba
blta lta bltas ltos {C}(dharmeu) dharmaanupayin viewer of phenomena; viewer of

doctrine {C}one who surveys dharmas; one who
discerns Dharma
chos kyi rjes su mthun

pai chos {C}dharmasya ca-anudharmat
doctrines that are concordant with doctrine
{C}both the Dharma and its logical sequence
chos kyi bdag med kyi dbang du byas pai

don dam pa ngo bo nyid med pa ultimate-nonnature in terms of the selflessness of phenomena
chos kyi bdag med phra
mtshan nyid/ chos thams
cad sgo blo gnod med la snang bai dbang gyis bzhag
dharma-garbha essence of doctrine {C}

Dharma in embryo; womb of Dharma
pa ma yin par yul rang gi thun mong ma yin pai sdod
lugs kyi ngos nas grub pas stong pa Definition: all

phemomena are empty of being established from the
side of their own uncommon mode of subsistence in
terms of not being posited by the force of appearing
to a non-defective mind
chos kyi gtan {C} dharma-skathya
delineate doctrine {C}lectures on Dharma; to

explain the Dharma
chos kyi de kho na nyid {MSA}

dharma-tattva suchness of phenomena
chos kyi de nyid {MSA}dharma-tattva

suchness of phenomena
chos
chos kyi bdag med
rags pa coarse selflessness of phenomena
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ 1 phyi
rol don du grub pas stong ba/ 2 bzung dzin rdzas gzhan
gyis stong ba/ Definitions: (1) emptiness of being
kyi de bzhin nyid rnam par dag pai mtshan nyid

{MSA}dharma-tathat-viuddhi-lakaa pure
character of the suchness of phenomena
established as an external object; or: (2) emptiness

of subject and object being different substantial
entities{BJ}
chos kyi don {C}dharma-artha the
chos kyi mdo {MSA}dharmoddna
meaning of doctrine
pa/ 2 chos kyi bdags med phra mo/ Divisions:

(1) coarse selflessness of phenomena; (2) subtle
mo subtle selflessness of phenomena

Definitions:
chos kyi snying po can {C}
chos kyi bdag dharmtman self of

dbye ba/ 1 chos kyi bdag med rags
Divisions:
stras of doctrine
188
chos kyi rnam grangs {MSA}
dharmlambana observation of phenomena;

observation of doctrine
dharma-paryya enumeration of phenomena
chos kyi snang ba
snang snang snang snang {MSA}dharmvabhsa

appearance of phenomena; viewing phenomena
chos kyi spyan {MSA}dharma-cakus
chos kyi tshig {L}dharmapada verbal

expression
chos kyi tshul gyi rnam

pa gang zhig {C}dharma-naya-jti {C}the
method of considering dharmas (in their ultimate
reality)
eye of doctrine
chos kyi sprin {LCh,C,MSA}
chos kyi mtshan nyid {MSA}
dharmamegh cloud of doctrine; Cloud of

Doctrine (tenth bodhisattva ground) {C}
Dharma-cloud
dharma-lakaa characteristic of phenomena
chos kyi bar chad du gyur pa

{C}dharma-antaryikat interruptions with
respect to doctrine {C}some obstacle hinders
access to Dharma
chos kyi dbyings {C,MV,MSA}
chos kyi mtshan
nyid phyin ci ma log pa {MSA}aviparta-dharmalakaa non-mistaken characteristic of doctrine/

phenomena
chos kyi mtshan ma {MV}dharmanimitta sign of phenomena/doctrine
chos kyi mdzod {C}dharma-koa
dharma-dhtu element of [a Superiors]

attributes; element of attributes {C}dharmaelement
treasury of doctrine {C}storehouse of Dharma
chos kyi dbyings su gyur
ba gyur gyurd gyur gyurd

{C}dharm-bhavati become the sphere of reality;
become the nature of phenomena {C}becomes
the true nature of Dharma
chos kyi bangs {PH}Dharmadasa

chos kyi sbyin pa {C,MSA}dharma-
chos kyi od {MSA}dharmu light of

the doctrine {T}
chos kyi yang dag pa nyid
{C}madbhtat (=dharma-sadbhtat) {C}selfintoxication
chos kyi rang bzhin {C}dharma-
prakti; {MSA}dharma-maya nature of

phenomena {C}the essential original nature of
dharmas
dna gift of doctrine; giving doctrine
chos kyi mig {L}dharma-caku eye of
chos kyi ro {L}dharmarasa taste of
doctrine
doctrine
chos kyi mig dri ma dang
bral ba {MSA}vigata-mala ... dharma-cakus eye

of doctrine that is free from defilements
chos kyi longs spyod rdzogs
rdul med cing dri ma dang bral ba {MSA}virajo

vigata-mala ... dharma-caku eye of doctrine
that is stainless and free from defilements
chos kyi mig

chos kyi dmigs pa
pa spyad spyod spyad spyod

{MSA}dharma-sabhoga complete enjoyment of
the doctrine {T}
chos kyi longs spyod rdzogs pa rgyun mi chad par

jug pa {MSA}avicchinna-dharma-sabhogapravartana engage continuously in the complete
enjoyment of the doctrine {T}
189
chos kyi shugs kyis {C}dharma-
protector]; protector of the religion; protector of

the doctrine; Dharmapla [p.n.]
vega force of doctrine; strength of doctrine

{C}impact of Dharma
chos kyis bsdu ba {MSA}dharma-
sagraha compendium of doctrine; collection of

phenomena
chos kyis
phongs pa gyur pa dang mthun pa

gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}dharma-
vyasana-savartanya concordant with being

impelled by doctrine/phenomena {C}conducive
to the ruin of Dharma
chos kyis
chos khrims religious law{SW,GZ}

chos gos {MSA}cvara [religion-
clothing]; religious robes {PH}religious robe;

outer robe
sngon gyi bar skabs zhig tu chos
gos smyug poi srol di shin tu dar che bar sems,
[I] think that, at one point in the past, this custom of
[wearing] a brown outer robe was very widespread.
{GCC} p.14
chos gos yongs su
longs spyod pa spyad spyod

spyad spyod {C}cvara-paribhoga resources of
religious robes {C}his robe
phongs par gyur ba dang mthun pa

gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}vyasana
(=upaghtam) impelled by phenomena/doctrine

{C}ruin; falling away from
chos gos gsum pa {C}trai-
dharmodgata superior qualities; exalted

by doctrine; superior doctrine; name of a
Bodhisattva {PH}[Bodhisattva] Dharmodgata
{C}ascent to (all) dharmas
chos grwa [religion-school]; doctrinal
chos kyis phags pa {C}
college; religious college
chos grags rgya mtsho
{GD:777}
Ch-drak-gya-tso, the VIIth Karmapa (1454-1506)
chos dkar {MSA}ukla-dharma;
chos rgyal
{MSA}ukla ... dharma pure doctrines; pure

phenomena; pure qualities
su dran pa recollection of the doctrine jewel
chos dkon mchog la {C}dharma-
ratna jewel of doctrine; precious doctrine {C}

Dharma-jewel; treasure of Dharma
chos skad doctrinal language

chos sku {LCh}Dharma-kya; dharmakya
chos rgyun stream of doctrine

chos rgyun gyi ting nge dzin
bsgyur sgyur bsgyurd sgyurd [Butns (bu ston rin chen grub)] Catalogue of the
Translated Doctrine
alone
{PH}unique
dharmakaya
chos
kyi rgyal po chos rgyal {C}dharma-rja King of
Doctrine
chos bsgyur dkar chag
{PH}Dharmakaya
chos skyon dharma-pla [religion-
chos rgyal po

srotnugatasamdhi meditative stabilization of
the stream of doctrine
body of attributes, Truth Body
chos sku nyag gcig
chos kyi rgyal po
{C}dharma-rja King of Doctrine
chos dkon mchog rjes
chos sku rkyang
cvarika (=saghy-di-tri-cvara-mtratvt)
{C}one who possesses no more than three robes
chos ngo bo
nyid med pa nyid du ston pa
190
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}dharmanisvabhvatvopadea teach that phenomena are
natureless
chos mngon {MSA}abhidharma
substratum; qualification; quality possessor;

logical subject; phenomena {C}doomed; subject
to; character
chos can brjod pai sgra
brjod rjod brjod rjod terms which
knowledge; higher knowledge; higher doctrine
chos mngon rtogs
express qualifications {GD:246} subject

expression
dharmbhisamaya clear realizer of doctrine;

clear realization of the doctrine
chos mngon pa {LCh,MSA}abhidharma

Manifest Knowledge; Higher Knowledge;
knowledge; higher doctrine; phenomenology
chos mngon pai mdzod
chos can mthun snang
snang snang snang snang commonly

appearing subjects{N}
chos can nus med powerless

subject
abhidharmakoa; abhidharmakoa Vasubandhus

Treasury of Knowledge (Abhidharmakoa), P
5590, vol.115; T 4809; Vasubandhus Treasury of
Manifest Knowledge
chos
mngon pai mdzod kyi tshig leur byas pa

abhidharmakoa-krik Vasubandhus Stanzas
of the Treasury of Knowledge (Abhidharmakoakrik), P 5590, vol. 115; T4089; Varanasi: Gelug-pa Press, 1972.
chos mngon pai
mdzod kyi tshig leur byas pai grel pa mngon pai

rgyan; mchims mdzod
bkral grel bkrald greld Chim-jam-pel-yangs
(mchims jam dpal dbyangs) Commentary on
[Vasubandhus] Stanzas of the Treasury of
Manifest Knowledge: Ornament of Manifest
Knowledge
chos mngon pai
chos can ba zhig pa merely

propounded subject; mere subject
chos mchog dharmottara; {C}
agradharma; {C} agradharma gata;

laukikgradharma; agryadharma supreme
mundane qualities; supreme quality; highest
mundane qualities; supreme qualities {C}
Highest Dharmas
chos mchog gi rtse sbyor
{LCh}laukikgradharma-mrdha-prayoga;
agradharmatmrdhaprayoga supreme
mundane qualities peak training; peak training
of the supreme mundane quality [path of
preparation]
chos mchog tu gyur
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}agradharma

(gata) supreme quality; supreme mundane
qualities {C}Highest Dharmas
chos mchog sdud pa
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {MSA}uttama-dharma-
mdzod kyi bshad pa abhidharmakoa-bhya

Vasubandhus Explanation of the Treasury of
Knowledge (Abhidharmakoa-bhya), P. 5591,
vol. 115
sagraha compendium of highest qualities;

compendium of the highest doctrines
chos chad pai phyag rgya
chos
mngon par rtogs pa; chos mngon rtogs

dharmbhisamaya clear realizer of doctrine
chos can {C}dharmin subject;
{PH}Mudra of Explaining the Dharma
191
chos chad phyag rgya
{PH}
of nature
chos nyid kyi sems {MSA}citta-
Mudra of Explaining the Dharma
chos brjod kyi sgra
tathat; {MSA}dharmat-citta noumenal mind;

mind of reality
brjod rjod brjod rjod {GD:246} predicate

expression chos
can brjod pai sgra dang chos brjad kyi sgra
subject expression and predicate expression
chos nyid kyis rnam par
{C}pupil; one worthy to listen
chos nyid skyon med {C}dharmat-
nges pa {MSA}dharmato vinicaya definite by

way of reality
chos nyan pa {C}dharma-ravaika
chos nyan pa rang bzhin {C}
dharma-ravaika {C}pupil; one worthy to listen
chos nyid {C,MV,MSA}dharmat (={C}
dharmatay); {C}dharmatas (opp.: arthatas);

{MSA}tathat final nature; real nature;
noumenon {C}Dharmahood; true nature of
dharmas; in accordance with Dharma; nature of
things; state of affairs; true nature; (understand its)
meaning/contents
chos nyid chos thams cad dang chos chos
can du brel ba the relationship of reality with all
phenomena as a quality of their qualificands{DASI
600.3} don
dam rten brel las das pai chos nyid the ultimate
noumenon that is beyond dependent-arising
dei rang gi ngo bo ni chos rnam kyi chos
noumenal fundamental mind
chos nyid thob pa
dharmat-pratilambha; {MSA}dharmat-labdha
obtaining reality; obtaining qualities
chos nyid dang ni gal

ba med {MSA}aviruddhaiva dharmat not
contradictory with reality
chos nyid dang mi gal

ba {MSA}dharmat na vilomayati not
contradictory with reality
chos nyid de tshad mar byao

chos nyid de bzhin nyid
chos nyid kyi gnas lugs
noumenal thusness
chos nyid rnam par khrug
noumenal mode of subsistence
chos nyid kyi tshul {C}dharma-
med noumenon as without disturbance
chos nyid pa {C}dharmat reality;
naya (opp. artha-naya) mode of reality {C}the

method which shows the meaning
quality
chos nyid kyi gzugs form of
chos nyid phyir {MSA}dharmatas in
reality; noumenal form
reality
chos nyid kyi rig gdangs

effulgence of noumenal intrinsic awareness
dharmat-yukti analysis of the nature; reasoning
chos nyid gnyug mai sems
{C}pram-ktya valid in terms of reality {C}

is authoritative; when measured by the standard;
when one has taken (taking) as a standard
nyid ces bya ba gang yin pa de nyid yin no That

which is the own-entity of those, called the reality
of phenomena is that [nature]. (y s dharmm
dharmat nma saiva tat svarpam) [PP, 264.11]
chos nyid kyi rigs pa {MSA}
niyma faultless reality; faultless quality {C}

fixed sequence of Dharma-hood
192
chos nyid zab mo profound reality

chos nyid yongs grub
de bzhin nyid noumenal; thoroughly established
thusness
chos nyid rang
bzhin rnam dag mthong tshul the mode of seeing

the pure nature, reality{PGP 79}
chos mnyam nyid {C}dharma-samat

sameness of phenomena
chos mnyam pa nyid {MSA}

dharma-samat sameness of phenomena
chos
btags pa rnam par gzhag pai dmigs pa {MV}

dharma-prajapti-vyavasthnlambana object of
observation that is posited in terms of imputed
phenomena
chos rten {C}caitya {C}reliquary mound

chos ston pa bstan
cad ngo bo nyid med pa nyid du ston pa

bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}sarvadharma-nisvabhvatvopadea teach that all
phenomena are natureless
chos thams cad mnyam pa

nyid {MSA}sarva-dharma-samat sameness of
all dharmas
chos thams cad

stong zhing bdag med pa all phenomena are
empty and selfless
chos thams cad bdag med

pa all phenomena are selfless{T1 8.1}
chos thams cad ni
bdag med pao {MSA}sarva-dharm antmna

all phenomena are selfless
ston bstand stond {MSA}dharma-dean; {MSA}

dharma-vihita teaching doctrine; doctrinal
teaching
chos bstan pa
chos thams
chos thams
bstan ston bstand stond {MV}dharma-dean

teaching doctrine; doctrinal teaching
chos bstan pa gcig
bstan ston bstand stond {C}eka-
dharma-dean one doctrinal teaching {C}one

single demonstration of Dharma
cad blo gnod med la snang bai dbang gis bzhag

pa ma yin par yul rang gi thun mong ma yin pai
sdod lugs kyi ngos nas grub pas stong pa all
phenomena are empty of being established from
the side of their own uncommon objective mode
of subsistence without being posited through the
force of appearing to a non-defective mind{Lati}
chos thams cad {C,MV}sarvadharma chos thams cad med pa {C}
sarva-dharma-asatt all phenomena are nonexistent; {T} non-existence of all phenomena

{C}non-beingness of all dharmas
all phenomena
chos thams
cad kyi mnyam pa nyid la gnas pa {C}Sarvadharma-samat-pratihita {C}p.n. of a Buddha
chos thams cad
kyi don dam pai ngo bo nyid the ultimate nature

of all phenomena
chos
thams cad kyi yul la mnga brnyes par gyur {C}

sarva-dharma-viaya-vaavarttit (anuprpta)
{C}(reaches) dominion over the range of all
dharmas
chos
thams cad la bdag tu log par dzin pa

dharmeu ... tmsadgrha (sarva-) mistaking
all phenomena as having self
chos thos pa {MSA}dharma rutv

hearing doctrine
chos mthun pa {LCh,MSA}sdharmya

qualitative similarity
193
chos mthun sbyor gyi sgrub
ngag bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs

sgrubs sdharmya-prayoga-sdhana-vkya
proof statement using a qualitative similarity
chos dang
skad cig ma ma yin pai gzhi mthun pa common
locus of a phenomenon and non-momentary
chos dang gang zag {MV}dharma-
dharma-satya-yukti-yna-prajapti-vyavasthna
positing phenomena, truths, lineage, and vehicle;
{T} positing the imputations of phenomena,
truths, reasonings, and vehicles
chos dang ldan {MSA} ... dhrmika

having the quality (of ...)
chos dang ldan pa {C} ... dharma

having the quality (of ...) {C}in his nature
chos dung religious conch
chos de dang rdzas tha dad
pudgala phenomena and persons {T}
chos dang chos nyid phenomena

and noumenon
chos dang chos nyid
pai sgo nas chos dei bras bui rigs su gnas pa

abiding in the type which is an effect of that
phenomenon from the side of being a different
substantial entity from that phenomenon
rnam par byed pa dharma-dharmat-vibhaga
Maitreyas Differentiation of Phenonema and
chos de la yon tan du
the Nature of Phenomena (dharma-dharmatvibhaga), P. 5523, vol. 108
chos dang chos ma yin
blta ba {C}gua-nasat viewing qualities

with respect to phenomena {C}appreciation of
qualities
pai las {PH}virtuous or non-virtuous karma
chos
chos dran pa nye bar gzhag
dang rjes su mthun pai chos la zhugs zhing

zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C}
dharma-anudharma-pratipanna entering into
doctrine/phenomena and what is concordant
with doctrine/phenomena {C}one who makes
progress towards the Dharma and its logical
sequence
pa {PH}application of mindfulness based on

phenomena
chos dran pa pa nye bar
bzhag pa dharmasmtypasthna establishment

in mindfulness of phenomena
chos dang mthun {MSA}saha-
dhrmika concordant with doctrine/phenomena
chos dang mthun

pai chos la zhugs pa zhug
jug zhugs zhugs {MSA}dharmnudharmapratipanna entering into doctrine/phenomena
and what is concordant with doctrine/
phenomena
chos gdags pa
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {C}
dharmaprajapti imputed phenomena; imputed

qualities {C}conventional dharmas; conceptual
dharmas; concept of (a) dharma
chos gdags pa
rnam par bzhag pa {C}dharma-prajaptivyavasthpana positing imputed phenomena;

positing imputed qualities {C}distinction/
definition of conventional dharmas
chos dang don {MSA}dharmrtha

doctrine and meaning
chos bdag bkag pai
dang theg pa gdags pa rnam par gzhag pa {MSA}
chos bdag med pa {L}
chos dang bden pa dang rigs pa

de bzhin nyid thusness that is a negation of a self

of phenomena
194
chos rnams kyi ni gtso bo
dharmanairtmya selflessness of phenomena
chos bdag med pa nyid
ste {MSA}dharmm uttara main doctrines/

phenomena/qualities
{PH}
chos rnams thams cad {MSA}
chos dul ba dharma-vinaya
sarva-dharma all phenomena
chos rnams thams
disciplinary doctrine
chos dod {C}dharma-kma desire
cad ni bdag med {MSA}sarve dharm antmna

all phenomena are selfless
doctrine {C}one who loves Dharma
chos dod pa {C}dharma-kmat

desire doctrine {C}delight in Dharma
chos rnams dang ni gang
kmena bhavitavyam one should desire doctrine

{C}should have a liking for Dharma
chos rnams sna tshogs {C}
what became Se-ra Monastic University on the

northern outskirts of Lhasa)
chos rnams rang bzhin {C}
zag {MV}dharma-pudgala phenomena and

persons
chos dod par byao {C}dharma-
chos sdings Ch-ding Hermitage (above

chos gnas par bya ba {L}
vividha-dharma various phenomena; various

doctrines {C}a variety of dharmas
dharma-prakti nature of phenomena {C}the

essential original nature of dharmas
chos rnams la sems
dharmasthitaye abiding in doctrine/phenomena
chos rnam par byed pa {MV}
mnyam pa nyid {MSA}dharmeu samacittat

mental equanimity with respect to phenomena
dharma-vicaya investigation of phenomena/

doctrine
chos rnams so soi
chos rnam par gzhag pa
ming ni sgyu ma ste {C}pratidharma (=dharm

prati nman) individual names of phenomena
{C}counter-dharma
{MSA}dharma-vyavasthna; {MSA}vyavasthpitadharma positing phenomena/doctrine
chos pa religious practitioner; Buddhist
chos rnams kyi dngos po
{GZ 68b. 3} bod

kyi chos pa rnams la zhal tai spring yig letter of
advice to the religious practitioners/ Buddhists of
Tibet
med {MV}dharmnm abhva non-thingness

of phenomena
chos rnams kyi chos nyid {L}
chos spong abandoning the doctrine

chos spong spang spong
dharmm dharmat reality of phenomena
chos rnams kyi stong pa
nyid {MV}dharmm nyat emptiness of

phenomena
spangs spongs abandoning the doctrine
chos rnams kyi bdag gi ngo chos spong ba

bo nature of self in phenomena
chos rnams kyi ni mchog
yin {MSA}dharmm uttara highest qualities/

doctrines
195
spang
spong spangs spongs {C}dharma-pratykyna

abandoning doctrine; abandoning phenomena
{C}refusal of Dharma
chos spong bar gyur ba
spang spong spangs spongs {C}
[Superior] Qualities (dharmadhtustava)
dharma-pratykhyna-savartanya abandoning
doctrine; abandoning phenomena {C}(a
karma) conducive to the rejection of Dharma
chos spyod
chos dbyings ye shes
dharmadhtujna exalted wisdom of the

element of qualities; exalted wisdom of the
sphere of reality; exalted wisdom of the nature of
phenomena
spyad spyod
spyad spyod {C}dharma-cary; {MV}dharmacarita practice doctrine; religious practice

{C}righteous life; practice of Dharma
chos byung source of attributes; source
chos spyod bcu ten practices

chos spyod pa spyad
of phenomena
spyod spyad spyod {MV}dharma-carita practice

doctrine; religious practice
chos spyod pa bcu

mos
mos mos mos {C}dharma-rma(ta) non-belief/

faith/interest/inclined towards/zeal in doctrine
{C}fondness for Dharma
chos phags {L}dharmodgata wise
with respect to doctrine; wise with respect

to phenomena; p.n. of a Bodhisattva {PH}
[Bodhisattva] Dharmodgata {C}wise in
Dharma; exalted by Dharma; ascent to all dharmas
byang chub sems dpa rtag tu ngus phags
chos ma yin pa {C}adharma
improper{N} {C}(what is) no dharma; nondharma
chos mi mthun sbyor gyi

sgrub ngag bsgrub sgrub
bsgrubs sgrubs vaidharmya-prayoga-sdhanavkya proof statement using a qualitative
dissimilarity
pa chos phags mthong pa ltar ... It is like when

the Bodhisattva Sadaprarudita saw the Noble
Dharmodgata. {Toh. 5515}
chos dbying dharma-dhtu element of
chos mi ldog pai rtags
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs sign of not

reversing from the doctrine
[superior] qualities; sphere of reality; nature of

phenomena{Gn-chok}
chos ming {C}dharma-nma names of
chos
kyi dbyings dharmadhtu element of

[superior] qualities; sphere of reality; nature
of phenomena; the element of [a Superiors]
qualities; basic element of attributes; noumenal
expanse; expanse of reality; basic element
of [superior] qualities; basic element of
phenomena; element
phenomena; names of doctrines {C}names of

dharmas
chos min {C}adharma non-religious;
improper {C}(what is) no dharma; non-dharma
chos min gyi bsam sbyor
{PH}thoughts and actions contrary to the Dharma
chos
dbyings stod pa, chos kyi dbyings su bstod pa
Ngrjunas Praise of the Basic Element of
chos ma bstan
chos ma mos pa
{C}the
meaning of Dharma
chos dbyings
{PH}seal of the origin of phenomena (dharmodayamudr)

bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}dharmo naiva
deita not teaching doctrine
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}dharma-carita

(daa-) ten religious practices
chos phyir {C}dharma-artha
chos byung gi phyag rgya
196
chos min pa {PH}non-virtue

chos min bya ba {C}adharma-krya
acting improperly {C}do what is wrong
chos med pa {MSA}dharmbhva nonexistence of phenomena
chos dmigs pa
chos bzod
bzod bzod
bzod bzod dharmaknti doctrinal forbearance;
forbearance with respect to the doctrine [of...]
chos bzod bzhi
{PH}four doctrinal
forbearances
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs {MSA}dharma
chos bzod shes
... upalabdhi observing phenomena/doctrine
chos smos {MSA}dharma ... scana
bzod bzod bzod bzod {C}dharma-jna-knti

doctrinal forbearance and knowledge {C}
acceptance of the recognition of Dharma
statement of doctrine
chos smra {C}dharma-bhnaka Proponent chos yang dag par sdud
pai mdo bsdu sdud bsdus sdus

dharmasagti-stra Compendium of Doctrine
Stra (dharmasagti-stra), P. 90, vol. 36
of Doctrine {C}Dharma preacher; reciter of

Dharma
chos smra ba {C}dharma-bhnaka; {C}
chos yin pa dharma proper{N}

chos yongs su tshol ba
dharma-vdin Proponent of Doctrine {C}

Dharma preacher; reciter of Dharma; one who
preaches Dharma
btsal tshol/tshel btsal tshold
chos tshad
{MSA}dharma-paryei investigate/examine/
research phenomena/doctrine
med pa yongs su tshol zhing dzin pa

{MSA}dharma-paryeaa-dhraa (aprama-)
thoroughly investigation/examination/research
and apprehending countless phenomena/
doctrines
chos ra debating courtyard

chos rab tu rnam par byed
pa {MSA}dharma-pravicaya differentiation of
phenomena
chos tshig {C}dharma-pada (prabhedo)

{C}verbal expression
chos tshul {C}dharma-netr; dharma-naya

the way of doctrine {C}the guide to Dharma
chos tshol ba

btsal tshol/tshel btsal tshold {MSA}
pa {MSA}dharme ca pratightam varaa ca

obstruction of anger with respect to doctrine/
phenomena
of doctrine {C}storehouse of Dharma
dharma-sabhoga complete enjoyment of

doctrine
chos zab mo stong pa nyid
chos la gus pa {C}dharma-gaurava
respect for doctrine {C}respect for the Dharma;

the Dharma which they value
chos la dga {MSA}dharma-rata joy

in doctrine
{PH}emptiness; the profound doctrine
chos la khong khro sgrib {MSA}
chos la khong khro bai sgrib
chos mdzod {C}dharma-koa treasury

spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}

bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}dharma-prakana
thoroughly teach doctrine
dharme pratighvati (=dharme pratighvti?)
obstruction of anger with respect to doctrine/
phenomena
dharma-paryei investigate/examine/research
phenomena/doctrine
chos rdzogs longs spyod
chos rab ston
197
chos la dga ba {C}dharma-rati joy

in doctrine {C}delight in Dharma
chos la sgro dogs
pai mtha
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {MV}dharmasamropanta extreme of superimposition/
exaggeration/reification with respect to
phenomena
mos mos mos mos {MV}anadhimuktir dharme

non-belief/faith/interest/inclined towards/zeal in
doctrine
unmoving with respect to doctrine/phenomena

{MSA}dharma-vibhta-mna abandon pride with
respect to qualities/doctrine
chos la nges rtogs kyi
bzod pa bzod bzod bzod bzod

dharma-nidhyna-knti forbearance of the
definite realization of doctrine
chos la mun pa med {MSA}
dharma-nirandhakra non-obscuration with

respect to doctrine
chos la mos
mos mos
mos mos {MSA}dharmdhimoka belief/faith/
interest/inclined towards/zeal in doctrine
chos la mos pa
chos la nges par
rtog pai bzod pa bzod bzod

bzod bzod {MSA}dharma-nidhyna-knti
forbearance of the definite realization of doctrine
chos la gcig tu dga zhing
mos mos mos mos dharma-rma(t); {MSA}

dharmdhimukti; {MSA}dharma ... adhimoka;
{MSA}dharmato dhimokt belief/faith/interest/
inclined towards/zeal in doctrine {C}fondness
for Dharma
chos la mos
pai rnal byor la brtson pa {C}dharma-rmayogam anuyuktat effort in the yoga of belief in
doctrine {C}the giving oneself up to devoted
fondness for Dharma
{C}eknta-dharma-nirata delighting only in

doctrine {C}take delight only in Dharma
chos la brten pa {MSA}dharma-
saraya depending upon doctrine; depending

upon phenomena
chos la bdag med pa {MSA,MV}

dharma-nairtmya selflessness of phenomena
chos
chos la
mos pai rnal byor la brtson par byao {C}

dharma-rma(t)-yogam anuyuktena bhavitavyam
one should make effort in the yoga of belief in
doctrine {C}should have devotion to Dharma
chos la mos pai sa bon
la bdag med pai ye shes rnam par mi rtog pa

{MSA}nirvikalpa ... dharma-nairtmya-jna
not realizing the exalted wisdom [realizing] the
mos mos mos mos {MSA}

dharmdhimukti-bja seeds of belief/faith/
interest/inclination towards/zeal in doctrine
chos la bag yod pa {MSA}
chos la mos par byed
dharmpramatta conscientiousness with respect

to doctrine
chos la dbang ba {MSA}dharme vai

power with respect to doctrine/phenomena
chos la mi mos pa
chos la mi g.yo {MSA}dharme cala
chos la nga rgyal spangs pa
chos la mi dga {MSA}dharme
rata not delighting in doctrine/phenomena
198
mos mos mos mos {MSA}dharmam

adhimucyate belief/faith/interest/inclined
towards/zeal in doctrine
chos la dmigs pa
chos la longs
dharmlambana observing phenomenon;

observing phenomena
chos la dmigs pai snying
rje dmigs dmigs dmigs

dmigs dharmlamban-karu compassion
observing phenomena
chos la dmigs pai byams
pa dmigs dmigs dmigs

dmigs *dharmlaban maitri love observing
phenomena
spyod rdzogs par mdzad pa {MSA}dharmasabhoga karoti completion of doctrinal

resources
chos la sun byin pa
dbyung byin phyung phyungs {C}
daka {C}defamer; defame
chos la ser sna med pa {MV}

dharmmatsaritva not miserly with respect to
the doctrine/phenomena {T}
chos la tshul bzhin yid chos las chos nyid

la byed pa {MSA}yonio dharma-manasikra
mental engagement in accordance with doctrine/
phenomena
chos la zhugs pa
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {MSA}dharma-pravtti

enter into doctrine
chos la bzod pa
bzod bzod bzod bzod {MV,MSA}dharma-knti

doctrinal forbearance; forbearance with respect
to the doctrine [of...]
chos la rin po cher du shes
{MSA}dharma-ratna-saj discrimination
with respect to the precious doctrine;
discrimination with respect to precious qualities/
phenomena
chos la longs spyod pa
gzhan yin pa {MV}dharmd any dharmat

phenomena are different from reality
chos las mi g.yo {MSA}dharme

cala not wandering from the doctrine {T}
chos lugs order

chos shes {C}dharma-jna doctrinal
knowledge; knowledge of attributes; doctrinal

knowledge{Gn-chok} {C}cognition of Dharma
chos shes pa {MSA}dharma-ja;
dharmajna doctrinal knowledge; knowledge

of attributes
chos bshad pa {MSA}dharma-dean

explanation of doctrine
chos sems can
{PH}religiously-
chos sems can ga zhig gis
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MV}dharmasabhoga doctrinal resources; resources

with respect to doctrine; resources in terms of
phenomena
minded [person]
dpe khrug pa nyar na bkra mi shis pa yong zer;

Some religiously-minded [persons] said that if you
keep mixed up books, bad luck will come. {GCG}
chos la longs spyod
p.17
rdzogs pa spyad spyod spyad

spyod {MSA}dharma-sabhoga completion of
doctrinal resources
chos sred pa {C}dharma-t
longs spyod rdzogs pa rgyun mi chad pa

chad chad chad chad {MSA}
dharma-sabhogviccheda not cutting off the
continuum of completion of doctrinal resources
chos gsum three practices

mchan bu annotations{N}
mchi mchi/ mchi/
attachment to phenomena {C}craving for

(separate) dharmas
chos la
199
mche pai sde Damasena

mche ba {C}dar eye-teeth; fangs{VM}
mchis/ mchis/ go; come
mchi ba
mchi/
mchi/ mchis/ mchis/ go; come will be there
{PH}fangs; tusks {C}eye-tooth

[Vajra-jvala-anala]
mchi ma {C}aru; {C}bpa tears; tear

mchi ma zad pa {C}parytta-bhpa
smiles with a wrathful countenance, and [his] fangs

are slightly exposed. {Dor 25a.4/ 233.4}
mched {PH}brother
mched pa vddhiprpta increase
mched pa dmar lam pai
{C}his tears dried up
mchi mai thal ba {C}khea
{C}
spittle
mchin bu {C}kca {C}(spurious) glass

mchims khro chag Chim, the
sems the mind of radiant red increase
mcher pa spleen
mchog {C,MSA}uttama; {C,MSA,MV}agra;
Translator Tro, and the Translator Chak
mchims jal dpal
dbyangs {GD:840} [p.n.] Chim-jam-pel-yang,

commentator on Vasubandhu
mchims nam mkha grags

{PH}Chim Nam-ka-drak
mchil khea spit

mchil ma khea spit
mchil mai thal ba {C}khea
{C}
spittle
mchis
mchi/ mchi/
mchis/ mchis/ to be; be there; exist (=yod); to go;

to come
mchis pa
{MV}agrat; {C,MSA}vara; {C}uka (=utka);

{MSA}utkara; {MV}utka(t); {C}para; {C,MSA}
parama; {C,MSA}reha; {MSA}uttara; {MSA}
tuat; {MSA}mahat supreme. best; superior
{C}foremost; very fine; beginning; highest; boon;
choicest; foremost; high; highest; unsurpassed;
utmost; finest; very fine; others; (the) other; another;
foreign; beyond; further; utmost; outshines them
all; highly; exceedingly; completely; foremost; m
mchog gi dngos
grub rnam pa gsum {PH}three kinds of supreme

siddhis [of body; speech; and mind]
mchog gi chos la zhugs pa

agra-dharma-pravtti enter into the supreme

doctrine
mchis/ mchis/ mchis/ mchis/ be; be there; exist;

go; come
mchis pa ma lags pa {C}
mchog gi dag par
mchis pai tshe when it was

mchis zhes bgyi ba {C}astit
mchog gi don {MV}agrrtha supreme
mchog tu dzin pa gzung dzin

bzung zungs {MV}agra-uddhi-parmarana
thoroughly apprehend the supreme purity
asavidyamna not be; not exist {C}which

does not exist; non-existent; since he has not got
meaning; supreme object
mchog gi don chos
{C}existence; beingness; there is; it is
mchu {C}ohat {C}lips

mchu sgros lip
la bdag med pa {MSA}parama-tattva ... dharmanairtmya the supreme meaning/object, the

200
mchog gi dra ba {C}go-va- like

the best {C}like those of an excellent cow
mchog gi sprul sku
paramanirma-kya Supreme Emanation Body
mchog gi rab tu sa
{PH}supreme
land
mchog gi sems can {MSA}agrasattva supreme sentient being
mchog gis {C}nikma-
{C}to his
hearts content
degree of perfection); superiority; highest possible

state; heights; foremost; in the first rank
mchog tu brtan pa yin {C}
dhatama supremely stable; thoroughly firm

{C}very powerful
mchog tu mi dzin pa
mchog tu rmad byung
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}

aparma {C}untarnished; intangible
byung byung byung byung {C}paramaadbhuta {C}exceedingly wonderful
mchog gyur {MSA}agra supreme; best; mchog tu dzin pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {L}parmara
superior
mchog gyur pa {MSA}agra-bhtat
judgement; misconstrue; seize; remember;

consideration
supreme; best; superior
mchog gyur lus {MSA}agra-janmat

superior body
mchog dga paramnanda supreme

joy
mchog grub
grub grub grubs/grub grubs achievement of

the supreme [i.e. Buddhahood]
mchog nyid {C}agrat; {MSA}agratva;
mchog tu bzung very attached

mchog dang ldan pa {C}avaropeta
endowed with the highest {C}planted(?)
mchog dang po dam pa {C}

mchog dod sems can
mchog tu {C}uttama; {C}paramam;
{Toh.1785} rucisattva {PH}sentient beings

desirous of ultimate [bliss]
{C}agratas; {C}agratu supremely; greatly;

thoroughly; completely {C}in front of;
summit; foremost; great; highest; best; supreme;
unsurpassed; utmost; finest; very fine; very
mchog phags bde ba byed
{C}parama-rya-saukhya-kriya {C}the work of

the holy which leads to the fullness of bliss
mchog tu gyur agratas supreme;
mchog dman value; superiority and
highest {C}in front of
mchog tu dga ba {L}prmodya
inferiority
mchog dzin byed
supremely happy
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}parmati (=m

rpa-dy-abhinivea-yogena grahr ity) {C}
misconstrue as; adhere to; handle
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}agrat
supreme; highest {C}the highest (possible

parmati (=m rpa-dy-abhinivea-yogena
grahr ity) {C}misconstrue as; adhere to; handle
parama supreme; highest; best {C}highly;

exceedingly; completely; foremost; most; farthest;
deepest; most excellent; highest development
{MSA}paramatva supremacy; superiority

{C}highest (possible state of perfection); heights;
foremost
mchog tu gyur ba
mchog tu dzin par byed
201
mchog rab {MSA}pravara supreme;
mchod gnas
best; highest
{PH}(hon.) religious
figure; monk; priest
mchog la {C}para supreme; best;
superior {C}others; (the) other; another; foreign;

beyond; further; utmost; outshines them all
mchod pa {LCh,C,L,MV,MSA}pj;
{MSA,MV}pjana; {MV}pjan offering; offer;

revere; honor; please through offering; worship
mchog la skyabs su gro
mchod pa sngon du byas te
mchog gsum {PH}Three Jewels

mchong
mchod pa
ba {MSA}araa-pragata go for refuge to the

supreme
{C}pj-prvagamam previously offered {C}

worshipped
thams cad kyi cho ga rgyas pai snod {C} Sarvapja-vidhi-vistara-bhajana {C}p.n. of a Buddha
mchong / mchong / mchongs/ mchongs/ {MV}

prakip-: {MV}prakipet jump
mchod pa
mchong bar byed cing {C}
dang ldan pai theg pa chen poi chos {MSA}

pjopasahita-mahyna-dharma great vehicle
doctrines connected with offerings
upakipeya(?) {C}would jump off(?)
mchongs
mchong / mchong / mchongs/ mchongs/ {C}osariyi

jump {C}jump down to
mchod {MV}pjana; {MV}pjan; {MV}pja

offering; offer
mchod brjod
brjod
offers; revere {C}worships
mchod pa yang byed {L}pjayati

offer; revere
mchod pa la sogs pa rnyed
{MSA}pjdi-lbha obtain offerings and so forth
mchod pa legs par
brjod rjod brjod rjod expression of worship
mchod nyid {C}pujyata; {C}rehat
bshams layout of offerings
mchod pai cho ga {C}pja-vidhi
offering {C}excellence; is worthy of being

worshipped
rite of offering; rules for offering {C}ritual for

worship
mchod rten {C}stpa reliquary; basis
mchod pai rdzas
for worship
mchod rten du gyur par
{PH}ritual offering
substances
mchod par bgyis par gyur
byas pa {C}caitya-bhta reliquary; build a

reliquary {C}a true shrine
{C}pjita {C}worshipped
{PH}object of worship
mchod pa byed pa {C}pjayati

offer worship
{GCG} p.21
mchod gnas
par gyur {C}pjanya worthy of offerings;

worthy of reverence; worthy one {C}worthy of
being worshipped; worthy of worship
mchod pa dbul ba offer offerings;
rjod brjod rjod expression of worship {PH}

salutation verse; verse of offering
dei mchod brjod kyis klu
sgrub kyi mtshan don bshad, Its salutation verse
explains the etymology of Ngrjunas name.
mchod brjod pa
mchod pa bya bar os
202
mchod par brjod pai ngag
brjod rjod brjod rjod a statement
of speech expressing worship
mchod par brjod pai yul

brjod rjod brjod rjod object of
mchod par bya ba {C}pjita; {MSA}
to confess; to reveal [non-virtue]
chags pai dus {MSA}vivarta-kla
offer; worship
mchod byed yang dag mchod byed =
time of confession
{MSA}samnayati (sam man) offer; worship;

revere
mchod sbyin {LCh}yaja; {LG}yajadatta

sacrifice; Yajadatta [p.n.]
mchod sbyin gyi rig byed

{PH}Yajurveda
pratideayati (=ghta-bodhicitta-paritygt =
pratypatti-balt = kta-ppadeann) confess;
reveal {C}confesses his error; see their error
chang ba
chad
substances
mchod od arhat; arhant worthy of
chad /
chad / chad / chad [to be cut] or bshad / chad

/ bshad / shod [to explain] {T} {MV}upadi-;
{MV}upadiyante; {MSA}dean; {C}bhate
(=abhasate); scat (=scayati); {MV}prakana;
so sor chad par byed pa = {MSA}pratideaka
(1) to be cut; (2) to explain; to comment {C}
teaches; speaks; says; declares; indicate

nam mkha ma zad kyi bar du skad cig kyang rgyun
mi chad pai longs spyod rdzogs pai sku the
Complete Enjoyment Body of which the continuum
is not cut even for a moment as long as the sky
remains{PGP-101} dgong
pa chad tshul yod de a way that explains the
thought [of Buddha]
worship; Worthy One
mchod os worthy one; Arhat; the

founder of Jainism
{PH}priest-patron
[relationship]
mchon par byed pa characterize

chag bcag chag
bcags/ chogs/ {C}sakramam {C}walking;
coming
chag khang
{PH}outhouse; latrine
chag khang gi slar byas
la/ [He] build a [new] outer wall to the latrine.
chad gyur ltar
{A4C-C}
bshad chad bshad shod as will be explained
chad pa
bcag
chad /
chad / chad / chad [to be cut] or bshad / chad
/ bshad / shod [to explain] {T} {C}bhyati;
{C}scan; {L}samuccitti; {C}ucchinna; {MV}
chag bcags/ chogs/ {C}sakramam {C}

walking; coming
chags par byed pa {C}
bcang / chang / bcangs/ chongs/ {C}dhrayanti;

{MSA}dhrana {C}bear in mind
{PH}ritual offering
chag pa la dad cher mi
gshags/ chags/ bshags/ chags/ vivarta
mchod par byed pa {C}pjayati
chag pa
chags pa
pjya having offered; offering; worshipped
mchod yon
chags
gshags/ chags/ bshags/ chags/ vivarta; so sor

chags pa = {MSA}pratidean to confess; reveal
[non-virtue]
expression of worship{Lati}
mchod rdzas
gyur {C}(na) cakramaa-la (bhavati) {C}

does not walk about a great deal
203
prakana; {MV}vakt explain; explanation;
(1) to be cut; (2) to explain; to comment {C}
teaches; indication; interrupt; cut off; perserve;
carries; {GD:247} [critical] explanation
chad pa po lecturer
chad pai tshe
bshad chad bshad shod when explaining/setting

forth {C}teaches; indication; interrupt; cut off;
perserve; carries; {GD:278} theoretical explanation;
{GD:528} critically speaking
chad par byed
daulya faulty ethics
{PH}
bshad chad
bshad shod {C}bhyama when explaining/

setting forth {C}(is) being taught; {GD:260}
point of view of critical examination
chal ba
chal/
daulya faulty ethics
chal bai shes rab {C}
chab {C}mraka {PH}concealment

chab pa
daupraj faulty wisdom {C}stupid(ity)
chal tshul rtsom pai dri
bcab/ chab/ bcabs/ chabs/ {C}mraka

concealment {C}jealous; disparagement
bral {MSA}daulybhoga-vaimalaya free from

the stains of faulty ethics
bca/ cha/
chi
bcas/ cha/ (pra j): {MSA}prajapyate

make; construct [e.g., a mudr]; arrange [e.g.,
the legs in a meditation posture]; formulate
chi/ chi/ shi/ shi/
{C}mriyate die; death
chi kha ma about to die

chi pho {C}cyuti; {C} cyavana
bca/ cha/ bcas/ cha/ {MSA}
transmigrate; transmigration; death; die {C}

decease(d); fallen away from; decease
char char / char shar shar; or: shar /
chi pho dang skye ba {C}
chard / char / shard [Thumi, p.246-to rise, start]

{T} appear; dawn; shine; reflect; present
dauprajya faulty wisdom
chal ba tshul khrims {L}
forth
prajpayati make; construct
chal pai shes rab {MSA}

chald/ chal/ chald/ faulty
chad rigs pa suitable to explain/set
cha bar mdzad pa
{PH}[King]
chal pai tshul khrims {MSA}
explication; debate; and composition
cha
char byed {Negi} udayana
chald/ chal/ chald/ tshul khrims chal pa =

{MSA}dula faulty
chad bshad shod deika{MSA} explainer;

commentator
chad tshe
shine; reflect. {C}rises
char tshul mode of appearing

chal pa chal/
bshad
chad rtsod rtsom pa
char ba {C}udayti appear; dawn;

Udayana [of the Vatsa Kingdom]
bshad chad bshad shod {C}cakta; ( di):

{MSA}deyate; {C}deika explain; set forth
{C}one who demonstrates
chad byed
themselves; manifest don blo

la mi char ro the meaning has not appeared to the
mind snang ba gzhan mi
char ba ni with respect to the non-appearance of
other appearances ...{TGP 24}
sgyu ma bzhin du char tshul phyin
ci ma log pa the unerring mode of illusory-like
appearance{MSI 424}
cyutopapatti transmigration and arising;
204
transmigration and rebirth {C}decease and
rebirth
as in the stages of death
chi srid the death state

chi pho ba transmigrate
chi pho ba dang skye ching grol grol
ba dang mi skye ba {C}cyuty-upapatty-anupattit
non-arising of transmigration and rebirth
{C}no genesis of decease and rebirth
chi pho ba yang ma yin {C}

acyuti no rebirth {C}no decease
chi ba
chi/ chi/ shi/ shi/
{LCh,C,MSA,MV}maraa; {C}mriyate; {C}mtyu;
{C}marana; {C}cyavate death; dying {C}dies
grold grol grold bondage and liberation
ching ba
cat shnyasb bcing / chings/ bcings/ chings/
bandhana{LCh,C,MSA} bonds; bondage;
binding bind; fetter; {C}imprisonment; bond;

bondage; joined together by
ching bar gyur {C}badhyate
cat
shnyasb bcing / chings/ bcings/ chings/ (1) to

bind; (2) structure
death{N}
chi ba mi rtag pa maranitya

imminence of death; impermanence of death
chi ba med pai sgo {C}amtasyadvra door of deathlessness {C}the door to

the undying
chi bai chos can
chel ba
chel /
chel / cheld / cheld [to cling; to be attached to]

{T} fixation
chol ba
chol/
chold/ chol/ chold/ confused; mixed up
{PH}being
mortal; subject to death
Dying [means] being mortal. {A4C-C}
chos
gata {C}have died; (when he) has died
ja tea
ji what; how
ji skad bstan pa
chi bai dus byas par gyur

na {C}kla-gata {C}have died; (when he) has
died
chi bai gnas skabs kyi
bar du {C}maraa-avasth {C}(until) his death
chi bai tshe {MSA}maraa-kla time

of death
chi med {C}amta {C}deathless

chi med ljon shing {PH}tree of

bstan ston bstand stond {C}yath-anuia {C}
as instructed
ji skad du as it is said ...

ji skad du smras pa de
ltar byed pa {C}yathvdit-tathkrit {C}as

he speaks, so he acts
ji skad du ... zhes bshad pa
immortality
bco / chos /
bcos / chos [to make; to build] {T} tshul chos =

{MSA}kuhan; legs par chos pa = {MSA}praihita
{T} to make, build
chi bai dus byas pa {C}kla-
chi tshad {PH}dying

chi rim ji lta ba bzhin du ...
{C}
is bound
chings
chi ba nges pa definiteness of
{MSA}yathokta as it is said
ji skad du ... zhes gsungs pa

{MSA}yathokta as it is said
205
ji skad smras {C}yath-vdin
{C}as he
speaks
ji skad bshad pa {C}yathokta
{C}
ji snyed yvat as much as; as great as; as
yathvatt exactly; as it really is {C}fact; in

accordance with fact; which exists; the state of
reality such as is actually is
many as; however much; however many {PH}

however much
ji snyed pa ya kcana varieties;
ji lta ba bzhin du {L}yath-bhta;
diversity; the varieties [i.e. cConventional truths

{PH}however much
{MSA}yath; yathvat exactly; as it really is; in

that way {C}in the same way
ji snyed pa mkhyen pai
ji lta ba bzhin du yod pa
rnam mkhyen mkhyen

mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend an exalted knower of
all aspects that knows conventional truths
nyid yathvat(t) exactly; as it really is {C}

fact; in accordance with fact
ji lta ba gzigs pai ye shes
ji snyed pa rtogs pai
yathavajjna exalted knower of the mode
mkhyen pa mkhyen
mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend exalted knowledge
realizing the varieties of phenomena
ji lta bar {MSA}yath the mode; law;
how; ultimate truth; exactly; mode [of existence]
ji lta bu {MSA}ydya; {MV}yath; yda
{PH}all

yon tan jio ltu bu dang ldan what qualities did he
possess?
[what-like]; how; what
the varieties
ji snyed pa gzigs pai ye
shes yvajjna exalted knower of the varieties
ji snyed yod pa yid yvat(t)
ji lta bur grub pai
shes rab kyis grub

grub grubs/grub grubs {C}yath-adhika
(=yena madhya-mdv-din prkarea-adhikayadhimukty samprayukt y praj s-api
yathdhik) how it is established (by exalted
wisdom) {C}using to the fullest extent
{C}as great; as much; as long as; until
ji lta ji ltar accordingly; in accordance

with
ji lta ji ltar ... de lta de ltar

{C}yath yath ... tath tath {C}as ... so
ji lta ba {MSA}yath mode; law; how;
ji lta zhe na {MV 2.2bc}katha ktv

when one asks how?, {T}
ultimate truth; exactly; mode [of existence]
ji lta ba mkhyen pai rnam

mkhyen mkhyen mkhyen
mkhyend mkhyend an exalted knower of all
aspects that knows the ultimate truth
ji lta ba ji bzhin du {L}yath-bhta

exactly; as it really is {PH}exactly; as it really
is in the same way
pa mkhyen mkhyen
mkhyend mkhyend exalted knowledge realizing
the mode of phenomena
ji lta ba bzhin {C}yathvat; {C}
as it has been explained
ji snyed pa thams cad
ji lta ba rtogs pai mkhyen
206
ji ltar {C}atha [what-like]; how; just as;
what {C}but; moreover; as; however; but when;

of; concerning don ji ltar yin zhe
na if someone asks: What is the meaning ...
ji ltar phye ba ni how the differentiation
is made
ji ltar kun brtags pa de

ltar med
gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs {MV}tath nsti yath
parikalpyate that does not exist in the way it is
imputed [to exist]
snang snang snang {MV}yath pratibhsate just

as it appears; in the way it appears; as it appears
par {C}anupdya {C}without further clinging
ji ltar snang ba byung ba
chos rnam par bzhag pa {MSA}yathdhigamadharma-vyavasthna presentation of phenomena

according to how they are realized {T}
ji ltar byung ba
ji ltar nye bar len pa med
ji ltar rtogs pai

ji ltar brtags pa de ltar
med gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs {MSA}tath-bhvo yath
kalpyate (na-) does not exist in the way it is
imputed [to exist]
ji ltar mthong ba yath di
ji ltar bzhed pa bzhin {MSA}

yathea as one wishes
ji ltar bzhed pa bzhin du

{MV}yatheccha as one wishes
ji ltar bsags pa
... yasmt how is it that ...
ji ste {C}atha (=yath)
yath di (=yathda) {C}in accordance with

what he has seen
{C}but; however;
moreover; but if; but when; in; at; as; as like
ji ltar di ltar how is it that ...?{S 1}

ji ltar dod pa bzhin {MSA}
ji phra {PH}accordingly subtle

ji phra ji phra {PH}each accordingly
yathea as one wishes; as he/she wishes
more subtle
ji ltar dod pa bzhin
ji ma ji bzhin pai ... which is just
du gnas {MSA}yath-kma viharati stay

wherever he wishes
like
ji tsam [what-only]; however much; as
ji ltar dod par skye ba {MSA}
much as; as great as
janma yathbhikmam born according to ones

wishes
ji tsam gyis na {L}kiyat; {L}tvat
ji ltar dod bzhin {C}yatheccham;
for what reason; how is it that{S} how great;

how much; however much; first of all; how large;
how far
{MSA}yathea as one wishes {C}wherever he

wishes to
ji ltar dod bzhin bstan
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}

yath-kma-nidarana teach as one wishes
{C}so
that; when
snang
byung byung byung byung history
ji ltar ... di ltar {MV 1.13c}katha
ji ltar mthong ba bzhin du
ji ltar snang ba
bzhin du nye bar gro ba {C}yath-karma-upaga

{C}(fare) according to their deeds
(=yathda); {MV}yath da {C}in

accordance with what he has seen
ji ltar na {C}kim iti how, just as

{MV}yath pratibhsa utpadyate occurs just as it
appears; occurs in the way it appears
ji tsam du {L}tvat for what reason;
how is it that by that much; then; how much?
ji tsam zhig how many?

ji bzhin [what-like]; just as; like; as
{PH}just as; like; as; correctly; properly how?;

like what?
207
ji bzhin gyi {C}ythtmya
{GCC}
{C}true
character
ji bzhin nyid {MSA}tathat thusness

ji bzhin du {MSA}yath-vat just as; like;
as {PH}just as; like; as
ji bzhin min pa {C}ayath not
like; unlike {PH}not like; unlike {C}not as it

appears; not considered as it really is
jo nang pa Jo-nang-pa
jo bo {LCh}rya; {C}svmin lord; master;
Elder [i.e., Atia]
jo bo rje Elder [i.e., Atia]

jo bo rin po che {PH}Precious Jowo
[kyamuni statue]
jo lugs sgrol dkar
ji bzhin med pa {C}ayath not like;
{PH}White
Tara in Atias lineage
mjal
unlike {C}not as it appears; not considered as it

really is
mjal/
mjal/ mjald/ mjald/ meet; have an audience with

[present tense stem]
ji bzhin shugs {C}yath-vedhyam
mjug {LCh}anta; {MSA}avasna end

mjug gi don {PH}conclusion
mjug tu {MSA}ante at the end
mjug thogs immediately after;
{C}as he intends to hit
ji yang med pa nothing whatever

exists
ji srid {C}yvat [what-exist]; as long as

ji srid cig na {PH}for how long
ji srid du {MSA} as long as
ji srid du ... de srid du yvat ...
immediately subsequent to
mjug thogs kho nar only
immediately after; only immediately subsequent

to
tvat as long as ... for that long ...
mjug thogs su jug pa {MSA}
ji srid pa {MSA}yvat as long as

ji srid tshoi bar du {C}jvaj-jva
an-antara pravtti engaging immediately after
mjug bsdu ba final summary

jam {C}mdu; {C}mdutva; {C}maju soft
tihan {C}all their lives; during his entire life
jig rten gyi
phun sum tshogs pa mi dod pa {MV}laukikasampatty-anarthitva not desiring the marvels of

the world {T}
{C}low; dull; weak; supple
jam mgon majuntha majuntha;

epithet of Dzong-ka-ba; smooth protector
(Majushr)
jing ger {PH}Gengis Khan

jam mnyen {PH}soft and slender
je particle indicating increase
jam pa {C}mdu; {MSA}mduk; {MSA}
je cher bigger
madhura; {C}laka(tva); lakatva softness;
je srab tu thinner = weaken
soft; smoothness {C}low; dull; weak; supple;
tender(ness); smooth
jo bzang {PH}good reputation; good repute
Having given up
jam pai dbyangs majughoa;
such things as hope for a name of good repute, ...
majur Majughoa; Majur [p.n. of the
208
Buddha of wisdom]
jam po smooth
jam por smra {C}mdu-bhin
compare; deliberate; consider
jal byed comprehender

jig gzhig jig
{C}
bshig shigs/ {MSA}na; {N}vinaa; {MSA}

vinayati; {C}mriyate; {C}bhidyate (=bhindati)
to disintegrate; disintegrate; destroy {C}dies;
break; break up; broken by; is broken up
soft in speech
jam dpal majur Majushr;

Majur [p.n. of the Buddha of wisdom]
jam dpal tshe bdag nag
jig bskal {LCh}savarta-kalpa aeon
po {PH}Black Manjur (?)
of destruction
jam dbyangs majughoa
jig rten {C,MSA,MV}loka; {MSA}laukika;
Majughoa [p.n. of the Buddha of wisdom];

Manjughosha
jam dbyangs mchog
lha od zer Jam-yang-chog-hla-o-ser (circa 15th

c.), textbook author of Tag-tshang-ra-wa-d-ba
(stag tshang rwa ba stod pa) Monastery
jam dbyangs bzhad pa Jam-
jig rten mkhyen pa

{C}loka-vidu {C}world-knower
jig rten gyi {C}loke {C}worldly

jig rten gyi khams {L,MSA}loka-
gzhal/
dhtu world-system; world system
jal/ bcal/ jald/ {C}tulana; {C} -mna to

comprehend; measure {C}assessment; what
measures
gzhal/
jal/ bcal/ jald/ {L}m measure; comprehend
jal ba
gzhal/
jal/ bcal/ jald/ {C,MSA}tulan; {C}tulayati

comprehend {C}comparing; comparison;
weighing up; ponder; weigh (up); examine;
jig rten gyi khams mi
mjed {PH}the [three thousand-fold] Saha worldsystem
jig rten gyi mngon sum

tshad ma {PH}valid worldly perception
jig rten gyi tha snyad

lokavyavahra worldly conventions
jig rten gyi
jal bar gyur {C}tulayati
tha snyad dang brda tsam gyi phyir {C}lokavyavahra-saketam updya because of the
conventions and expression of the world {C}on
account of agreed symbols and worldly conventions
comprehend {C}comparing; comparison;

weighing up; ponder; weigh (up); examine;
world-system
rainbow {C}the hues of the rainbow
jal pa
jig rten khams {MSA}loka-dhtu
jam rtsub {PH}smooth [and/or] coarse

ja {C}indryudha {C}rainbow
ja tshon indryudha; indryudharaga

jig rten kun rdzob
lokasavtisatya worldly concealer-truths;

worldly conventional truths
yang-shay-pa (1648-1721), principal textbook

writer for Go-mang (sgo mang) College of Drepung (bras spungs) Monastic University
jal
{MSA}laukya; {L}lokadhtu; {C}jagat; {C}jagat

[disintegrating-support]; worldly; world; the
transient world; people {C}living world; worldsystem; worldly
209
jig rten gyi tha snyad
la brten nas {C}loka-vyavahram updya

depending upon worldly conventions {C}in
reference to the conventional expressions current in
the world
jig rten gyi tha snad {C}loka-
sannivea; {C}loke sannivea abiding in the

world {C}this our position in the world;
fabrication of the world; stay in the world; sojourn
in the world
jig rten pa {C,MSA,MV}laukika

worldly; mundane
vyavahra worldly convention {C}worldly

conventional expression
jig rten pa
loka-artha-kra one who acts for the sake of the

world {C}promoter of the worlds weal
jig rten
dang jig rten las das pa {MSA}laukik lokottar

mundane and supramundane
jig rten gyi don byed pa {C}
jig rten gyi bde ba {MSA}laukika

... saukhya; {MSA}saukhya ... laukhya happiness
of the world; worldly happiness
jig rten gyi bya ba {MSA}lokata

kriy worldly activity
jig rten mgon po {C}loka-ntha

protector of the world {C}savior of the world
jig rten rgyang phan pa
pa dang nyan thos dang rang sangs rgyas {MSA}

laukika ... rvaka-pratyekabuddha {PH}worldly
beings; rvakas; and Pratyekabuddhas
jig
rten pa dang nyan thos dang rang sangs rgyas

rnams {MSA}laukika ... rvaka-pratyekabuddha
worldlings, Hearers, and Solitary Realizers
jig rten pai khams worldly

realm
jig rten pai dge ba
lokyata Worldly Materialists (Lokyatas){N}
jig rten chos brgyad
{PH}
worldly virtues
jig rten pai chos {MSA}loka-
aalokadharma eight worldly concerns
jig rten don welfare of the world

jig rten bde {MSA}loka-saukhya
dharma worldly phenomena; worldly doctrines
jig rten pai
chos kyi mchog {LCh}laukikgradharma;

laukikgryadharma supreme mundane qualities
happiness of the world; worldly happiness
jig rten das {MSA}loka-samatta
jig rten pai chos mchog
supramundane
laukikgradharma highest mundane qualities
jig rten das pa {MSA}lokottara jig rten pai rjes thob
{PH}
mundane states subsequent to meditative equipoise
supramundane
jig rten dus pa
{PH}
Consummation of the Worlds [name of the Jain
place of liberation]
bsngal bdag nyid {MSA}dukhtmaka ... loka

the nature of the world is suffering; natural
suffering of the world
jig rten pai ting
jig rten pai mnyam bzhag bsam gtan gzugs med

{PH}[four] concentrations and [four] formless
absorptions of worldly meditative equipoise
jig rten sdug
jig rten gnas pa {C}lokaTenses: future, present, past, imperative
nge dzin gsum po gzung

dzin bzung zungs {MSA}samdhi-traya ... laukika
the three worldly meditative stabilizations
210
jig rten pai rtogs pa
awarenesses of supramundane meditative equipoise
jig rten las das pai phags rgyud kyi zag
worldly realization
jig rten pai tha snyad {N}
med bsam gtan supramundane uncontaminated

concentration in the continuum of a Superior
laukika-savyavahra worldly conventions{N}
jig rten pai bya ba {MSA}
jig rten las das pai
laukika-ktya worldly activity
ye shes {MSA}lokottara-jna; {MSA}lokottara ...

jna supramundane exalted wisdom
jig rten pai ye shes {MSA}
jig
laukika ... jna; laukikajna worldly wisdom
jig rten pai lam laukikamrga

mundane path
jig rten pha rol {L}para-loka next

world; dying; death
jig rten dbang {PH}Lokevara

jig rten dbang phyug
jig rten las das pai ye shes shin tu
rnam par dag pai lam {MSA}viuddha-lokottarajna-mrga (su-) thoroughly pure path of
supramundane exalted wisdom
Lokeshvara (an alternate name for Kalk

Puarka) {PH}Lokevara
jig rten las das pai
jig rten min pa {MSA}atilaukik
lam lokottaramrga supramundane path
non-worldly
jig rten rang ga ba ordinary

being
jig rten la in the world

jig rten la grags pa {MV}
jig rten las das

pai sems tsam Supramundane Mind-Only
jig rten shes ngo worldly

perspective
jig rten so skye worldly common

being
loka-prasiddha well known to the world

{GD:158} reknown to the world
jig rten gsum gyi bde ba
jig rten la snying brtse
{MSA}trai-dhtuka ... sukha happiness of the

three worlds
ba {L}loknukapa concern for the world;

sympathy for the world
jig lta; jig tshogs
la lta ba blta lta bltas ltos

satkyadi view of the transitory; view of the
transitory collection [as a real I and mine]
jig rten las das pa
{LCh,C,MV,MSA}lokottara; {MSA}loktikrnta
supramundane {C}transcending the world
jig pa
jig rten las
gzhig jig
bshig shigs/ {C,L}vina; {C}na; {C}bhedana;

{C}bhidyate (=bhindati); {MV}bhaga; {MSA}
bhagura;{C} rpaa (=rpa); {C}lujyate;
{C,MSA,MV}vyaya (={C}nirodho); {MSA}
savarta; {C}bhetsyati; {C}vivartana (=vivtn);
naa disintegrating; disintegration {C}
das pai mnyam bzhag {PH}supramundane

meditative equipoise
jig rten las das pai mnyam bzhag
rnam par mi rtog pai blo {PH}non-conceptual
rten las das pai ye shes bla na med pa

{MSA}lokottara ... anuttara ... jna highest
supramundane exalted wisdom
211
jig tshogs gog pa {L}satkya-
destruction; to be easily broken; crumble; passing

away; fall; breaking (up); breaks (up); is (not)
broken by; is broken; {GD:319} perishable
nirodha cessation of the transitory collection
jig pa dus mnyam disintegrating jig tshogs lta ba

blta lta bltas ltos {MV}satkya-di view of the
transitory collection [as a real I and mine]
at the same time
jig pa med pa {C}avivarta; {C}
asrasanat non-disintegrating {C}it cannot

be overturned; idefatigability
jig pai bskal pa savarta-kalpa

aeon of destruction
jig pai chos can {C}vyaya-
jig tshogs la lta ba
blta lta bltas ltos {C,MSA,MV}satkya-di
view of the transitory collection [as a real I and

mine]; view of the transitory collection [as real I
and mine]; view of the disintegrating aggregates
reifying view; {C}(false) view of individuality
jig tshogs la lta
dharmin; {C}pralopa-dharma disintegrating

subject {C}by its nature a disturbance (or
wrong?); subject to passing away
jig pai bdag
nyid can yin pai phyir {C}sattva-di (=sdanatmakatvt sattva) {C}the (false) view that there
are beings
jig par bgyid pa {C}apaharaka;

{C}vikriya(?) destroy; disintegrate {C}
remove; something to be undone
jig par gyur te {C}vilayam; {C}
ba nyon mongs pa can blta lta

bltas ltos {MSA}kli sat-kya-di having
the afflicted view of the transitory collection [as a
real I and mine]
jig
tshogs la lta bai nyon mongs pai mtshan nyid

blta lta bltas ltos {MSA}sat-kyadi-klea-lakaa afflicted character of the
view of the transitory collection [as a real I and
mine]
upaiti; {C}nayati; {C}pryati; {C}prpuati; {C}

vrajati disintegrating; will disintegrate
jig tshogs la lta
(=bhindati) disintegrating; will disintegrate;

disintegration {C}breaks (up); is (not) broken
by; is broken
jigs {MV}bhaya; {N}bhayakara; {MSA}
disintegrate {C}draws back; withdraws
jigs bcas zil gyis gnon
bai bag chags blta lta bltas ltos

predispositions of the view of the transitory
collection
jig par gyur ba {C}bhidyati
(tras): trasyati; {MSA}bhaga (=bhaga?); mi

hjigs = {MSA}nirbh fear; frighten; fright
jig par byed {C}pratisaharati
{C}bhaya-abhibhta {C}overcome by fear
jig med {C}alujyana; {MSA}na vyeti
jigs rten gyi khams {L}loka-
nondisintegrative; non-disintegrating {C}not

crumbling
dhtu worldly realm
jigs rten gyi khams mi
jig med gnas {LCh}abhayagirika;
dra ba {PH}different world-systems
{LCh}abhayagirivsin Abhayagirika;
Abhayagirivsin
jigs rten gyi khams
the transitory collection [of aggregates]7;

disintegrating collection
jigs rten las das
jig tshogs {MSA}sat-kya

mi dra ba brgya {PH}one hundred different

worldly realms
212
jigs byed {LCh}bhairava; {MSA}
par bstod pa {PH}Ngrjunas Praise of the

Supramundane (lokttastava)
pratibhaya Bhairava (a wrathful deity) {T}
jigs pa {C,L,MV,MSA}bhaya; {MSA}
jigs med abhaya; nirbhayat; nirbhta;
(bh): bibheti; {MSA}bhta; {MSA}bhru; {C}

bhaga; {C}trso; {MSA}trsa fright; frighten
{C}fear(ful); peril; breaking up; trembling
abhru fearless
jigs pa lnga {L}paca-bhaya the five

fears [of beginning Bodhisattvas]
jigs pa lnga
(=pratikkitavy) {C}uphold; look for support

in; catch hold of; hangs on to; find support on; seek
(for) rebirth in; bases his rebirth on
pa {C}man-bhaya-bhairavi {C}great fears

and terrors
jug
bstan ston bstand stond {C}bhaya-
darana-artham {C}in order to cause fear
jigs pa dang skrag
pa dang dngang ba {C}bhaya-bhairava-satrsa

{C}fearful and terrible things
jigs pa byed par byed do
{C}bhaya janayati frighten {C}generate fear
jigs pa mi bzad pa {C}bhayabhairava {C}fear and terror
jigs pa med pa {MSA}abhaya;
{MSA}nirbhayat; {MSA}nirbhta; {C}abhru(tva);

{C}bhaga; {C}virada fearless; fearlessness
{C}breaking up; versed in; self-confident
jigs pa med pai sgra {C}

{PH}
chug {LCh}avatra; {C,MSA,MV}(ava t):

avatarati; {LCh}pravea; {MV}(pra vt):
pravartate; {MV}vtti; {MSA,MV}pravtti; {MSA}
vartante; {C}vttimat; {C}kramate; {MSA}
avakrnti; {C}kramati; {C}prekati; {MSA}
pratipadyamna; {MSA}(sa-pra vas):
sapravatsyati enter; engage; apply; usher
(into); engages {C}march on to; which reaches;
enters (into); descend; come back to; alight;
fathoms; enter on; go into; views; step on; moves
into; assail od gsal
mngon sum du jug pa manifestly entering into the
clear light de na la jug kyang
although that applies to ... byis pa
ltar jug behave like a child
jug sgrub
bsgrub
jug ngogs [entry-shore]; port;
terrifying black darkness
jigs par byed {C}pratisaharati
harbor; [river] bank
jug pa
frighten {C}draws back; withdraws
gzhug jug
bcug chug {LCh,MSA,C}pravtti; {C}pravartate
(=pravartayati); {C}pravtta; {C}eva pravtta;
{MSA}vtti; {C}avatarati; {MSA}avatra; {MSA}
spang
spong spangs spongs {MSA}trsa-hni

abandoning fear
gzhug jug bcug
sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs prasthnapratipatti

achieving engagement; achieving through
engagement
astambhita-nda {C}the fearless roar
jigs spang
jigs su rung ba [frightened-as-
jim pa clay; mud

ju bar {C}adhylambate
jigs pa chen po mi bzad
jigs pai mun nag
nirbhta; abhru; {C}acchambhi fearless;

fearlessly
fitting]; frightful
las yang dag par das pa {MSA}paca-bhayasamatikrntatva completely transcend the five
fears
jigs pa bstan phyir
jigs med pa abhaya; nirbhayat;
213
avatraa; {C,MV,MSA}pravea; {C}praviati;
{C}praveayati (=praviati); {MSA}viaa (sic);
{L}praskhandha; {MSA}(pra skand): engage;
engagement; operate; continuity; enter; begin;
apply; entrance {C}produce; productive;
arising; find satisfaction; strides forth; entrance;
descent; depart; descend; fall into; enter into;
enter on; depart; functions; proceed; go away; set
out for; take their leave; forms (habit); frequents;
proceeds; takes place; mo de ltar
jug pai tshe at the time of such reference{DASI
561.4} jug tshe gcig tu
khrul mistaking as one [what is actually not one,
this being] in the context of [practical] application
{GD:247} jug pai tshe practical
point of view {GD:260}
jug pa chad pa
activities
jug pai mtshan nyid {MSA}
pravtti-lakaa characteristic of engagement ?

{T}
jug pai gzhi basis of affixing; basis

of engagement
jug pai rim pa stages of entry{N}

jug par gyur {C}avakrmati;
{MSA}(pra vas): pravatsyati engage; enter;
apply; operate; operates
jug par bya {C}osaritavya engage;
engagement; enter; entry {C}should plunge into
jug par byed {MV}praviati; {MSA}
chad chad chad chad {C}chinna-vartmin

(=nikleatvena vabhtatvena) continuity cut
off; cut off continuity {C}his course cut off
(prati pad): pratipadyate; {MSA}pravartaka;

{MSA}pravartana engage; enter; apply
jug pa bde
ba dang go sla bai dbang du byas made in terms

of a felicitous and easy to understand usage
jug pa gzung rtog
{PH}
conception of the true existence of objects to be
engaged in [by Bodhisattvas]
jug bya that which is to be entered into

jug byed {MV}pravea; {MV}preraka
engager; means of engagement {T}
jug tshul mode of relating

jug gzhi basis of affixing; basis of
reference; basis of engagement
jug pa gzung rtog dgu
{PH}
the nine conceptions of the true existence of objects
to be engaged in [by Bodhisattvas]
jug pai rten la {C}pratih in
dependence upon entering {C}support; source
jug pai gnas {MV}pravevasth

place of engagement ? {T}
jug pai rnam par shes pa
jug yul pravttiviaya object of
engagement {GD:247} object of application
jug rim stages of operation

jug shes operative consciousness
jug sai gzhi basis which is the
place of engagement
jug sems [enter-mind]; practical
mind; practical mind of enlightenment; attitudes

or aspirations conjoined with actual practice
{MV}pravtti-vijna engaging consciousness

? {T}
jug pai bya ba activity of engaging jur gyis {PH}suddenly

jo sgeg {C}lsya {C}musical show
jug pai bye brag {MSA}vttibheda instance of engagement ? {T}
jo sgeg rdo rje {PH}Llvajra /
Vilsavajra
jug pai tshe {GD:528} practical
214
jog
gzhag jog bzhag

zhog sthna{MSA}; {C}nikipati (=ptayati)
posit; establish; deposit; designate; put; set aside
{C}let drop; throw/put down; lays aside
jog dka difficult to posit

jog sgom bsgom
positing it
jog tshul mode of positing; way of

assigning
jog zhing {C}sasparana positing;
establishing; designating {C}(touches) places
joms
gzhom joms
bcom choms {LCh}hna; {C}vidhamitva; {MSA}
(upa han): upahanti to destroy; suppress;
overcome {C}having dispelled; having destroyed
sgom bsgoms sgoms [set-meditate]; stabilizing

meditation
jog sgom gyi sgom

byung gi rtogs pa rtogs
rtogs rtogs rtogs realizational consciousnesses
which are states arisen from stabilizing
meditation
joms pa
gzhom
joms bcom choms {C}hna; {C}ghta; {MSA}

vighta; {MSA}dhvasana overcome; to destroy;
suppress; destruction; suppression {C}
forsaking; loss; conquer; subdue; conqueror; charm;
magical formula; sacking; is sacked
jog thub pa can be posited

jog pa gzhag jog
bzhag zhog {MV,MSA}pratihpana; {MSA}

avasthna; {MSA}avasthpan; {MSA}niveana;
{L}prasthna set up; posit; establish; set; assign;
deposit; designate; put; set aside; placement
jog pa gzhi basis of positing; bases
joms pai nus pa
gzhom joms bcom choms the capacity

to overcome
jol mo a bird whose body is either white,

red, black, or yellow, stays in trees, and has a
beautiful voice
that are being posited
jog pa rags pa {L}sthla coarse; rje {LCh}svmi master; lord; leaders

unrefined; stolid; large; massive; tangible; heap;
rje nyid the Master [i.e. Dzong-ka-ba]
quantity; put; place
jog par byed {L}prasthna; {MSA}
himself
rje thams cad mkhyen pa
(sth): sthpayati certification; positing;

establishment method; procession; setting out
rje bo {C}bhartka; {C}svmin master; lord;
jog par byed pa {MSA}
leader
niveaka; {MSA}nivein certification; positing;

establishment
rje bo la khon pa malice towards
jog ba sthna placement

jog byed set up; positor; means of
leaders
rje btsun {LCh}bharaka venerable;
reverend; the Foremost Venerable [i.e. Maitreya]

{PH}venerable
bla
ma di sku tshad dpag tu med pai snga rol nas, rje
btsun jam pai dbyangs kyis rjes su bzung ba yin,
Over countless prior lifetimes, this teacher was
mentored by the venerable Majur. {W23693}
positing
jog byed gzhan la ma
ltos pa certification that depends upon another
jog byed gzhan la ma
ltos pa it does not rely upon another means of
{PH}
Omniscient Lord
215
rjeui rigs
Mkhas-grub-rnam-thar-bsdus-pa, 2b.2
rje btsun chos kyi rgyal
rjes {C}pada after; subsequent to
mtshan rje btsun pa Jay-tsn Chkyi-gyal-tshan (1469-1546), textbook author of

Sera-jay monastic college
{C}
word; verse; foot; tracs; tracks; verbal expression
rjes khyab anvaya-vypti forward
rje btsun jam dpal Foremost
entailment; forward pervasion {GD:519}

positive pervasion
Holy Majushr
rje btsun pa
rjes khyab rnal ma normative
rje
btsun chos kyi rgyal mtshan Jay-tsn-pa [Jaytsn Ch-kyi-gyal-tshan] (1469-1546), textbook
author of Sera-jay monastic college
rje btsun bla ma
{PH}merchant/ bourgeois
class
forward pervasion; normative forward

entailment
rjes khyab phyin ci log perverse

forward pervasion
{PH}venerable
teacher
rje yang sras kyi dgongs pa
the thought of the foremost father [Dzong-ka-ba]

and his spiritual sons [Gyel-tsap and Kay-drub]
rje yab sras bzhi
{PH}Tsong-khapa and his three disciples; Rgyal-tshab; Mkhasgrub; and Dul-dzin Grags-pa-rgyal-mtshan
/ rjes gro / rjes la gro follow;

go afterward
rjes gro; chos sgo rjes
gro {MSA}dharma-mukhnuyna {GD:260}

concomitance; {GD:275} positive concomitance
rjes jug [after-put]; (1) in grammar:
suffix; (2) followers; follower {PH}follower;

followers ga
nga da na ba ma a/ ra la sa rnams rjes jug bcu/
ga, nga, da, na, ba, ma, a, ra, la, and sa are the
suffixes{Y}
rje yab sras gsum
{PH}Tsongkha-pa and his two disciples; Rgyal-tshab and

Mkhas-grub
rje rin po che Dzong-ka-ba

rje su dran pa drug {PH}six
rjes jug phal cher most

followers
rjes bstan gyi gdams ngag

rjed {C}vismarati {C}forget
guidance that is subsequent teaching
rjen char {PH}nakedly rjes thob thob/thob
recollections
yul rnam med rjen char (cher?) du dzin pa

the apprehension of objects nakedly and without
aspect {LWT 106}
rjen cher kyis [naked-great-ly];
mthong lam la dbye na gnyis yod de mnyam
nakedly
rjen char; rjen cher nakedly

rjen pa naked
rjeu rigs vaiya merchant class
thob thob thobs {LCh}pha-labdha [afterattain]; attainment subsequent [to meditative

equipoise]; subsequent attainment; state
subsequent to meditative equipoise
bzhag ye shes dang rjes thob ye shes de de yin pai

phyir when the path of seeing is divided there
are two, because the exalted wisdom of meditative
equipoise and the exalted wisdom of subsequent
attainment are those{PGP}
216
rjes thob rgya yan pa
{PH}
dispersed state subsequent [to meditative equipoise]
rjes thob sgyu ma lta bu
subsequent realization of phenomena as illusory;

illusory-like state subsequent to meditative
equipoise
rjes thob tu nges
rjes thob

thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}anulbha
subsequent attainment
rjes dran anusmti subsequent

mindfulness
inferential cognition {GD:96} inference

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
rjes thob pa

thob/thob thob thob thobs pha-labdha; {C}
anuprptavanti subsequent attainment {C}
arrive at; reach
rang gi rten rtags yang dag la brten nas rang gi gzhal

bya lkog gyur la mi slu bai zhen rig Definition:
a determinative knower which, depending on

its basis, a correct sign, is incontrovertible with
regard to its object of comprehension, a hidden
phenomenon{TAK 4b.2}
thob/thob thob thob thobs pha-

dbye ba/ 1 yid ches rjes
Divisions:
labdha-jna exalted wisdom of subsequent

attainment; wisdom subsequent to meditative
equipoise
rjes mthun {LCh}anurpa similitude;
concordant with dang

mnyam pa rjes mthun a similitude equal with ...
di ni sems dben rjes
mthun yin pas since this is a similitude of mental
isolation ...{TGP 39}
dbye ba/ 1 rjes chos
Divisions:
kyi rjes mthun/ 2 rang yin pai ldog chos kyi rjes
mthun/ 3 rang ma yin pai ldog chos kyi rjes mthun/
4 ldog chos phung sum tsam po bai rjes mthun/
Divisions: (1) concordance with concordant
phenomenon; (2) concordance with isolate
phenomenon that is itself; (3) (2) concordance
with isolate phenomenon that is not itself; (4) (2)
concordance with isolate phenomenon that is a mere
third possibility
rjes mthun pa in accordance with;

similitude
concordant with {C}with reference to
rjes dpag {LCh}anumna inference;
shes dren gyi khyad par {PH}the feature of the

mode of inducing an ascertaining consciousness in
states subsequent to meditative equipoise
rjes thob ye shes
rjes mthun par {C}anurodhatas
217
dpag 2 grags pai rjes dpag 3 dngos stobs rjes dpag

Divisions: (1) inference through belief (ptaanumna); (2) inference through renown (prasiddhaanumna); (3) inference by the power of the fact
(vastu-bala-anumna)
rjes dpag gi rjes

su byung bai rtog pa byung
byung byung byung conceptual consciousness
that arises subsequent to inference
rjes dpag gi rtog pa inferential
conceptual consciousness; inferential conception
rjes dpag gi snang yul

appearing object of inferential cognition
rjes dpag gi gzhal bya
anumnaprameya object of inferential

comprehension
rjes dpag
gis drangs pai rtog pa bcad shes conceptual
subsequent cognition induced by inference
rjes dpag bcad shes anumna-
samanuj happiness; joy {C}encourage(?);
acquiescent
paricchinna-jna inferential subsequent

cognizer
rjes dpag tshad ma {LCh}
rjes su gro ba {MSA}dharma-
anumna-prama inferential prime cognizer;

inferential vaild cognizer; inferential valid
cognition; inferential prime cognition {PH}
inferential valid cognition
mukhnuyna; {GD:783} anvaya; anugama

following; concomitance; forward concomitance
{GD:783} second criterion
rjes su rgyu ba
rgyu rgyu
rgyu rgyu {C}anuvicarita; {L}anuvicara {C}
infested by; roams along
rjes mi la
{PH}Lord Milarepa
On the occasion when
Lord Milarepa asked about Marpa to a cowherd, ...
{GCG}
rjes bzhin du
rjes su sgrub pa
{PH}accordingly; after a
rjes su chags pa {C,MSA}anunaya
while
rjes bzung to be taken care of

rjes bzod bzod bzod
desire; become {C}affection
rjes su jug {C}anuvartayati; {C}
bzod bzod subsequent forbearance
rjes bzod bzhi
anuvartate (=samdya vartate) engage; enter;

apply; continuity {C}comply with; imitate; last
long; pursue; follow after; complies with; come to
(where he is); go likewise; go with
{PH}four subsequent
forbearance
rjes la {C}phatas subsequent; after;
rjes su jug pa {L}anugata; {C}
afterwards
rjes la mngon rtogs
anuvartate; {MSA}anuvtti; {C}anupravtta; {C}

anupravia engage; enter; apply; continuity
{C}comply with; imitate; last long; pursue; follow
after; complies with; come to (where he is); go
likewise; go with; approached; conformed to; keep
moving; enter together with; entrance
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {LCh}

rdhvbhisamaya subsequent clear realizer
rjes la thob pa
rjes su brnyes pa {C}anuprpta
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}phalabdha subsequent attainment
attained; obtained {C}reached
rjes las thob
rjes su gtod {C}anuparndmi focus;
pa jig rten pai ye shes

thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}phalabdha ... laukika ... jna subsequently attained
worldly wisdom
aim {C}I transmit; I entrust
rjes su rtog pa {C}anuprekita

examine; think {C}repeatedly consider
rjes shes {LCh}anvayajna subsequent
rjes su rtogs

rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}anubuddhayati; {C}
anubuddha realize; cognize {C}understand;
(one who has) understood; thoroughly understood
knowledge
rjes su {LCh,L}anu after; subsequent

afterwards; later
rjes su skyes pa produce after

rjes su dga bar byed {C}
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}anuhna

establish; prove
rjes su rtogs pa
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C,MSA}anubodha; {C}

anubodhana; {MSA}anuboddh realize; cognize
218
rjes su tha snyad dogs
gdags dogs btags/brtags
{C}understanding; recognition
rjes su rtogs par byed pa
thogs {L}anuvyavahra subsequently impute

conventional designations{S}

anugacchati realize; cognize
rjes su ston
rjes su thugs brtse ba
bstan
ston bstand stond {C}anusayati teach;

indicate {C}instruct
rjes su ston pa
rjes su thob pa
bstan ston bstand stond {C}anusati; {MSA}

(sam-anu s): samanusti teach; indicate
{C}admonish; instruct
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}(anu

s): anusti teach; indicate
rjes su ston byed
pha-labdha-jna [after-attain-wisdom];
subsequently attained exalted wisdom; wisdom

after arising from contemplative equipoise
rjes su mthun {L}anulomika; {MV}

rjes mthun/ {L}anulomika concordant; in
accordance with
brtag rtog brtags rtags {C}anuvitarkita
rjes su mthun pa {L}anulomika;
investigate; analyze {C}pondered on
rjes su brtag par bgyi ste
{MSA,MV}anukla; {MV}nuklya concordant;

similitude
{C}anuprekitavya investigate; analyze {C}

should repeatedly consider
rjes su mthun
pa las byung bai yid byed

byung byung byung byung concordant mental
contemplation
brtag rtog brtags rtags {C}anuvitarkita

investigate; analyze {C}pondered on
bstan ston bstand stond {C}anusana; {C,MSA}

anusan teach; indicate; teaching {C}
admonition; instruction
rjes su bstan pai cho phrul

{C}anusan-prtihrya miraculous teaching;
wondrous teaching {C}miraculous admonition
rjes su tha snyad gdags
gdags dogs btags/

brtags thogs {L}anuvyavahra subsequently
impute conventional designations{S}
rjes su mthun pa
rjes su brtag pa
rjes su bstan pa
rjes su thob pa ye shes
anukla; {MV}nuklya concordant; similitude
bstan ston bstand stond {C}anusaka teach;

indicate {C}one who instructs
rjes su brtags
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}anuprpta

subsequent attainment
rjes su ston par byed pa
{PH}
mind of exceptional loving compassion
219
rjes su mthun pai chos
{C,MV}anudharma (={C}yath-praihitasya
nyat-dharmasya pratipattim); {MV}
nudhrmik; {C}anudharmat concordant
doctrines; concordant phenomena {C}logical
sequence of Dharma
rjes su mthun pai chos

la spyod na spyad spyod spyad
spyod {C}anudharma-crin one who makes
use of concordant doctrines/phenomena; one
who practices concordant doctrines/phenomena
{C}one who courses in the logical sequence of
Dharma
rjes su mthun pai bras bu

{MV}nuklya-phala concordant effect
rjes su mthun pai bzod
pa bzod bzod bzod bzod

{C}nulomik knti concordant forbearance/
patience/tolerance/endurance {C}adaptable
patience
rjes su dpag pa
las byung bai rtog pa byung

byung byung byung conceptual consciousness
arisen from inferential cognition
rjes su dpag pai tshad ma

anumna-prama inferential prime cognizer;
inferential prime cognition
Definitions:
rjes su mthun par {C}anuloma(m)
concordant {C}in agreement (with reality); in
direct order
rjes su mthun par spyod
sanction; ordained

mtshan nyid/ rang gi rten
rtags yang dag la brten nas rang gi gzhal bya lkog gyur
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}anugtam

padyate concordant practice {C}imitates
rjes su mthun par byed {C}
la gsar du mi slu bai rig pa Definition: a knower

that is new and incontrovertible with respect to its
object of comprehension, a hidden phenomenon, in
dependence upon its basis, a correct sign
anuvidheya bhavati accord with {C}act in

obedience to
rjes su dpag par bya ba {C}
bar byao {C}samanuj concordant happiness

{C}encourage(?); acquiescent
rjes su dpag bya {LCh}anumeya
rjes su mthun pas dga
anumeya object to be inferred {C}measured;

proved; inferrable
object to be inferred
rjes su mthun byed {C}anuvartayati rjes su dpyad pa

accord with; concordant with {C}comply with
rjes su mthun la phyin
anuvicrita analyze; subsequently analyze

{C}pondered over; reflects
ci log {MV}anukl viparyast perverse

concordance
rjes su dpyod pa {C}anucarati
rjes su mthong yan dag par rjes su
analysis; subsequent analysis {C}follow; pursue
rjes su dpyod pai sems
mthong = {MSA}(sam-anu pa) see; appear;

subsequently see; subsequently appear
rjes su thob pa
thob/thob thob thob thobs {L}anuprp-

subsequently attain; subsequent attainment
rjes su dran pa
dran/ dran/ drand/ drand/ {C,MSA}anusmti;

{MSA}anusmaraa memory; recollection;
subsequently remember
rjes su dran pa bcu
rjes su spyad pa; rjes

su dpyad pa spyad spyod spyad
spyod {C}anuvicrita analyze; subsequently
analyze {C}pondered over; reflects
follow
rjes su byung ba arise after

rjes su byung bai
mindfulnesses
rtog pas ling po byung byung

byung byung {GD:151} arising later than the
{MSA}anujna give; grant; make {C}
{MSA}anucara-citta analytical mind; mind of

subsequent analysis
rjes su phrang dgos need to
{PH}ten
rjes su gnang ba {C}anujta;

dpyad/ dpyod/ dpyad/ dpyod/ {C}
220
connect; apply {C}preoccupation
perception of the collection
rjes
rjes su mi jug min {C}
su byung bai rtog pas ling po gcig tu bzung ba

{C}paala (=ghanat) {C}cataract; covering;
membrane
vivarjayati non-non-engagement {C}avoid; get

rid of; abandon; give up; reject
rjes su byed pa {MSA}anuvidhyitva

accord with; be concordant
rjes su byed par gyur

rjes su brang
rjes su dzin pa
rjes su brang ba {L,MSA}anusra;

rjes su zhugs pa
brang / brang / brangs/ brongs/
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {L}pravea; {MSA,MV}

anupravia engage; enter; engagement;
entrance introduction; enter together with;
entered into
rjes su brangs ba anusaraa

follow
rjes su brel bcas bzlog

pa {MV}snubandh viparyay perverse
relation
rjes su zungs
rjes su gzung
gzung / dzin/ bzung / zungs/ follow; believe; take

care of
rjes su brel dod want to

associate
brel/ brel/ breld/ breld/ {L}anubandha;
{C}anuparivartate relate; join; subsequent

relation {PH}indicatory phonemes [in Paninian
grammar] {C}pursue; revolve around; conform to
rjes su brel byas nas {C}
anubandhayitv having related; having joined

{C}has communed with
gzung dzin bzung zungs compassionately care

for; take care of; follow; believe
rjes su bzung ba
rjes bzung rjes su gzung
/ dzin/ bzung / zungs/ {C}anughti (=kryanipdand) compassionately cared for;

retained; took care of; followed; believed {C}
help; favor
rjes su bzung bai phyir du
sbyar
for the sake of taking care of
sbyor sbyard sbyord {C,MSA}anuyoga join;
gzung dzin bzung zungs (anu grah): {MSA}

anughat; {MSA}anugraha [after-to-grasp]
compassionately care for; take care of; follow;
believe
{MSA}anuparivartin follow {C}going to;

following; consequence; result
rjes su sbyor ba
gzung
dzin bzung zungs {MV}(anu grah): anughti
compassionately care for; take care of; follow;
believe
anugacchati; {C}anubaddha; {C}anuvartita

follow {C}going to; following; consequence;
result; pursued
rjes su brel pa
rjes su btsal
rjes su dzin

brang / brang / brangs/ brongs/ {C}
anusaraa follow
agree]; not concordant with; not agreeable to
btsal tshol btsald tshold {C}paryeati seek;

search for {C}searches (for); try to determine;
seeks for; decides to look for
zhing {C}anuktim padyate accord with; be

concordant {C}imitate
rjes su brangs
rjes su mi mthun pa [after-to-not-
221
rjes su yi rang {C}abhyanumodita;
bsrung srung bsrungs srungs {L}anuraka
protect/guard/keep/maintain/preserve/safeguard
[e.g., vows and pledges]
{C}anumodayi; {C}anumodana; {C}anumokaku;

{C}anumodyate admire; sympathize with;
empathize with {C}enjoined; rejoicing; rejoice;
jubilation; one who rejoices; is approved
rjes su yi rang sgom lam
anumodalakao bhvanmrga (Great Vehicle)

path of meditation of admiration
rjes su slob pai tshul {C}
anuikama-rpa the mode of learning; way

of learning {C}engaged in learning; engaged in
regular training
rjes su yi rang ba {C}anumoda;
rjes su bsam pa
rjes su yi rang
rjes su bsrung ba
rjes su yid rang ba bsam
rjes su bslab
rjes su yid rang bai
rjes song
bsam/ sems/ bsams/ soms/ {C}

anuvicintita think; subsequent thought {C}
thought over
{C,MSA}anumodan; {C}anumodayi [afterto-mind-delight]; admire; sympathize with;

empathize with {C}rejoicing; jubilation; rejoice
bsrung srung bsrungs srungs {C}
bai mod las byung ba byung

byung byung byung {C}anumodan-sahagata
arisen from admiration; arisen from sympathy
with {C}connected with jubilation
anurakya; {L,MSA}anuraka protect/guard/

keep/maintain/preserve/safeguard [e.g., vows
and pledges] {C}which can be preserved(?)
learn; train in {C}train regularly
yid la byed pa {MSA}anumodana ... manaskra

mental engagement of admiration; mental
engagement of sympathy
{C}anuparighta take care of; follow; believe

{C}assisted
rjes su rig par bya ste {C}
anugacchati know {C}approach; conform to;

follow (after); regain; emulate; arrive (at); pursue;
follow up
rjes slob

bslab/ slob/ bslabs/ slobs/ {C}anuikati; {MSA}
anuika learn; train in {C}train regularly
rjod

vc;{GD:413} vcaka to speak; say; to express;
state; expression; statement {GD:413} to
signify
rjod byed
brjod rjod
brjod rjod {LCh}abhidhna; {LCh}abhidhyin;
{N}vcaka means of expression; expressive;
expressor {GD:439} signifier
rjes su shes pa {C}anvaya-jna

subsequent knowledge; subsequent cognizer;
subsequent cognition
rjes su song ba
song
song song song {L}anugata; {C}anugacchati; {C}
anugamiyanti become; subsequently become;
gone; passed {C}approach; conform to; follow
(after); regain; emulate; arrive (at); pursue; follow
up; be pursued
song song song
song {MSA}anugama become; subsequently

become; gone; passed
rjes su yongs su bzung bar
bslab/ slob/ bslabs/ slobs/ {C}anuik
pa {MSA}anumodan ... aya thought of

admiration; thought of sympathy
rjes su srung ba
222
rjod byed kyi sgra
brjod rjod brjod rjod expressive term

{GD:433} signifier
rjod byed kyi tshig
brjod rjod brjod rjod expressive terms
rjod byed rnam dag completely
correct means of expression
must switch out of the earlier coarse body{TGP 54}
rjod byed tshig gi theg pa
brjed {MV,MSA}sapramoa; {MV}samoa;
brjod rjod brjod rjod vehicle as
{MSA}moat forget; forgetfulness{DK 5.9}
verbalizing words
rjod byed tshig
gi drang nges byed pa differentiating the

interpretable and the definitive on the level of the
words that are the means of expression
ljags {C}jihv tongue {C}tongue

ljags klog gnang
forgetting
brjed nges {LCh}muitasmtit; {C}

muita-smtin {PH}forgetfulness
brjed nges pa {LCh}muitasmtit; {C}

muita-smtin forgetfulness {C}confused and
not mindful; confused in his mindfulness
bklag klog bklags/ klogs/ read [hon.]
brjed pa {MSA,MV}sapramoa; {MV}
ljags shin tu yangs
samoa; {MSA}sapramoat forget;

forgetfulness
shing srab pa {C}pthu-tanu-jihvat {C}his

tongue is long and slender
ljang khu {L}harita green
brjed kyis dgos pa fear of
brjed pa med pa {PH}unforgetful

brjed par byas na {C}vismrayati
pale yellow;
fawn-colored
(=amanasikra) forget; forgetfulness {C}
ljang ba {PU} yma {PH}dark-colored

allow to be forgotten
ljan ljin {MSA}abhilpa defilement; filth; brjed byang
byang byangs byang byongs Purification of

Forgetfulness
dirt
ljongs {C}janapada
{C}country;
countryside; (country) districts
ljongs kyi bya ba {C}jana-pada-ktya

{C}business concerning the kingdom
ljon shing {LCh}vka tree
Definitions:
{PH}tree
mtshan nyid/ yal ga lo dab dang ldan pa Definition:
having branches and leaves
brjid {C}tejas shine; glitter
{C}majesty;
beauty; splendor; flaming; piercing flame
brjid pa bgyis par gyur

mnayati shine; glitter {C}reveres
lham mer brjid blazing brightly
brje
brje/ brje/ brjes/

brjes/ {LCh}parivartana to switch out of; to
exchange snga
mai lus rags pa brje dgos pai phyir because one
223
brjed med {PH}unforgetful

brjes brje/ brje/
brjes/ brjes/ to switch out of; to exchange
brjod
brjod rjod brjod

rjod {C}khyyate; {MV}khy; (khy):
{MV}khypayati; {MV}khypayitv; {C}kathayi
(=kathayati); {C,MSA}ucyate; {C}udrayati; {C}
scaka; {C}bhate (=bhate); {C}vidhyate;
{MV}udhra; (ni rp): {MSA}nirpyate
describe; express; to speak; say; to express;
state; expression; statement {C}declare;
describe; speech; it is said; is spoken of; one speaks
of; is called; be expounded; proclaim; utter (his
message); explain; raise (voice); lift up (voice);
indicating; teaches; preach; speaks; says; declares;
is prescribed
brjod kyis mi lang ba
brjod rjod brjod rjod inexpressible
brjod du ma mchis pa
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}manda-mantra {C}soft

in his talk/speech
brjod rjod brjod rjod {L}anabhilpya;
{C}avacana inexpressible; ineffable {C}cannot

be spoken; cannot be expressed; beyond words
brjod du med
brjod
rjod brjod rjod {C}avcyate; {MSA}anabhilpya
inexpressible; ineffable {C}cannot be expressed
in words
brjod du med pa
brjod don meaning expressed; meaning
brjod pai kun rdzob
conventionalities; expressional conventionality
brjod pai rnam pa
brjod rjod brjod rjod {L}uccrakra aspects

of expression
brjod pai bag chags
brjod pa
brjod rjod brjod rjod {MSA}jalpasya
brjod rjod
brjod rjod {LCh,C}vacana; {LCh}abhilpa; {C}
abhilapati; {C}abhilapyate; {MSA}(abhi lap):
abhilpa; {MSA}lapita; {C}udrayati; {C}rita
(=prerita); {C}khyyate; {C}kathyate; {MV}
khy; ( khy): {MSA}khyti; {MV}kathikatva;
{C}prabhate; {C}abhidhyate; {C}pravy
verbalization; expression; speak; say; express;
state {C}stirred; said to be; driven along;
uttering; speaking; indicates; is called; described;
talk about; is talked about; is declared; speaks;
(conventional) utterance; words; verbal expression;
use verbal expressions brjod par bya
la with respect to what is to be expressed

brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}vyhta speak; spoken;
express; state; expressed; stated {C}verbally
expressed; expressed by words
brjod rjod brjod rjod verbal
communicated
brjod pa mdzad
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}vaktavya {C}should be

called
brjod pa nyung ba
brjod
rjod brjod rjod expressor speak; go out;
obstinate; willful
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}abhilpa-mtra mere

statement; mere expression {C}mere talk
intention
brjod pa byed
brjod pa tsam du
po brjod rjod brjod rjod

inexpressible things
brjod rjod brjod rjod speakers
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}bhyasamat sameness of expressions {C}the

sameness of all spoken words
proponent of expressions {C}one who has

praised; incite; praise
brjod du med pai dngos
brjod dod kyi kun long
brjod pa smra ba {C}vara-vdin
brjod rjod brjod rjod {L}anabhilpya; nirlpa;

{C}avyhra; {L}parinipanna; nirabhilapya
inexpressible; ineffable {C}lie outside
conventional discourse; cannot be expressed by
words; which cannot be expressed in words
brjod do ces bya
brjod pa mnyam pa nyid
vsan predispositions of verbalization
brjod pai legs la
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}bhaati {C}preaches;

report; teach!
brjod par bya
brjod
rjod brjod rjod {C}khytavya; {MSA}vacanya;

abhidhaya what is to be expressed; subject
matter {C}should be proclaimed
brjod par bya ba ma yin
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}avacanya
(=avyhra) inexpressible; ineffable {C}

unutterable; cannot be expressed in words
224
brjod par bya ba ma yin
inexpressible; not expressed; ineffable; not stated
pa nyid brjod rjod brjod rjod

{MSA}avaktavyatva inexpressibility; ineffability
brjod mdzad
brjod rjod brjod rjod with respect to what is to

be expressed
brjod zin
brjod par bya ba la

brjod par byao
brjod par zad
brjod
rjod brjod rjod {C}vacana; {C}scan-kt; {C}
jalpyate; {C}anuvyharaa speak; say; express;
state {C}one can talk of; indicated; reply; use
verbal expressions
gab pa {C} n-yagrodha-parimaalat {C}the

circumference of his figure is like that of the fig tree
nya k
nya Tik Dispeller of

Mental Darkness Commentary [on Maitreyas
Ornament for Clear Realization]
nya ik
nya TIk Dispeller of
Mental Darkness Commentary [on Maitreyas

Ornament for Clear Realization]
brjod bya don
gyi drang nges byed pa differentiating the

interpretable and the definitive on the level of the
meaning that is expressed within the scriptures
brjod byed
brjod
rjod brjod rjod {LCh}abhidhyin expressor;
expressive; means of expression {GD:393}
signifier
nya dang nyung ma bsres pao

to [absurdly] confuse fish with turnnips
nya pa {C}dhvara {C}fisherman

nya dbon kun dga dpal
{PH}Nya-won Kun-ga-pel (1300-1380 ce.)

{GD:310} Nya-bon-gun-ga-bal (1300-1380 ce.)
nyag gcig uniquely {PH}sole unique

nyag re las {C}ekaika {C}each one; a
brjod byed kyi sgra
brjod rjod brjod rjod expressive sounds
single one; one single; each single
nyan
{GD:433} signifier
nyan/ nyan/ nyand/

nyond/ {LCh}rava; {MV}ravaa; {C}ruama
hear; listen {C}when he hears/learns
brjod rjod brjod rjod vcaka-vcya
nyan thos {LCh,L,C,MSA,MV}rvaka; {C}
{GD:393} signifier-signified; expresser-expressed
brjod rjod
ya Hearer {C}pupil; disciple
nyan thos kyi dge dun {C}
brjod rjod unpredictable
brjod
rvaka-sagha community of Hearers
rjod brjod rjod {C}avyhra; {MSA}nirjalpa
brjod rjod already explained; already explain;

previously explained{LG 30.3}
nya gro dha ltar chu zheng
brjod rjod
brjod rjod {LCh}abhidhaya; {N}abhidheya; {N}
vcya subject of expression; object expressed;
subject; object of expression; subject matter;
topic expressed; object verbalized; explicit
teaching {GD:393} signified; {GD:433} object
of signification
brjod med
brjod rjod
{C} like a fig tree
brjod bya
brjod bral
brjod rjod {C}scaka state; indicate; express

{C}indicating
nya {LCh,C}matsya fish

nya gro dha ltar {C} n-yagrodhavan
brjod rjod brjod rjod {MV}vaktavya should be

expressed
brjod byed brjod bya
brjod rjod
225
nyan thos kyi dgra bcom

Hearer Foe Destroyer
nyan thos kyi sgom lam
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ nyan
ngos skal gyi spang bya sgom spang nyon sgrib kyi dngos
gnyen du gyur pai nyan thos kyi rjes la mngon rtogs
thos kyi rjes la mngon rtogs Definition: Hearer
dbye ba/ 1 nyan thos kyi sgom lam
Divisions:
mnyam bzhag ye shes/ 2 nyan thos kyi sgom lam

rjes thob ye shes/ 3 de gnyis gang rung ma yin pai
nyan thos kyi sgom lam/ Divisions: (1) exalted
wisdom of meditative equipoise of a Hearers path
of meditation; (2) exalted wisdom of subsequent
attainment of a Hearers path of meditation; and (3)
Hearers path of meditation that is neither of those
two
nyan thos kyi

sgom lam mnyam bzhag ye shes exalted wisdom
of meditative equipoise of a Hearers path of
meditation
Definitions:
Definition: a Hearers subsequent clear realizer that

serves as an actual antidote to its own respective
objects of abandonment, these being the afflictive
obstructions which are to be abandoned by the path
of meditation

dbye ba/ nyan thos kyi sgom
Divisions:
lam chung ngui chung ngu nas chen poi chen poi
chen poi bar dgu Divisions [consist of] the nine
ranging from the small of the small up to the great
of the great of a Hearer path of meditation
nyan thos kyi nges byed

cha mthun Hearers partial concordance with
definite discrimination
nyan thos kyi chos mngon
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs

Hearers clear realizer of doctrine
mtshan nyid/ rang yul du gyur pai bdag
med la rtse gcig tu mnyam par bzhag pai nyan thos kyi
rjes la mngon rtogs Definition: Hearers subsequent
realizer that is posited from the viewpoint of being

set in one-pointed meditative equipoise on its
object, selflessness
nyan thos kyi rjes la
mngon rtogs rtogs rtogs

rtogs rtogs Hearers subsequent clear realizer
nyan thos kyi thar pa cha

mthun Hearers partial concordance with
liberation
dbye ba/ nyan thos kyi
Divisions:
sgom lam bar chad med lam/ nyan thos kyi sgom
lam rnam grol lam/ de gnyis gang rung ma yin
pai nyan thos kyi sgom lam mnyam bzhag ye shes/
Divisions: (1) uninterrupted paths of Hearers
paths of meditation; (2) paths of release of Hearers
paths of meditation; and (3) exalted wisdoms of
meditative equipoise of Hearers paths of meditation
that are neither of those two
sgom lam bar chad med lam

bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms uninterrupted path
of a Hearer path of meditation
Definitions:

mtshan nyid/ rang gi
Hearer path of meditation
nyan thos kyi
226
nyan thos kyi theg pa {MSA}

rvaka-yna Hearer Vehicle
nyan
thos kyi theg pa la yang dag par zhugs pa

zhug jug zhugs zhugs {L}
rvakaynasaprasthita those engaged in the
Hearer Vehicle
nyan thos kyi mthar

phyin pai lam Hearers path of completion
nyan thos kyi mthong lam
Hearer path of seeing; Hearers path of seeing
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
rang bras nyan thos kyi sgom lam ma skyes gong gi
nyan thos kyi bden pa mngon rtogs Definition: Hearer
clear realizer of truth that arises before its own

effect, a Hearer path of meditation; {T} Hearers
clear realizer of truth prior to generating its effect, a
Hearers path of meditation
ngo bo sgo nas dbye na/
gi bdag med la rtse gcig tu mnyan par bzhag pai nyan

thos kyi bden pa mngon rtogs/ Definition: Hearer
clear realizer of truth which is set in one-pointed

meditative equipoise on its object, the selflessness
of persons
dbye ba/ nyan thos mthong
Divisions:
lam bar chad med lam/ nyan thos kyi mthong lam
rnam grol lam/ de gnyis gang rung ma yin pai
nyan thos kyi mthong lam mnyam bzhag ye shes/
Divisions:(1) uninterrupted path of a Hearer path
of seeing; (2) path of release of a Hearer path of
seeing; (3) exalted wisdom of meditative equipoise
of a Hearer path of seeing that is neither of those
two
Divisions:
nyan thos kyi mthong lam mnyam bzhag ye shes/

nyan thos kyi mthong lam rjes thob ye shes/ de
gnyis gang rung ma yin pai nyan thos kyi mthong
lam/ Divisions from the point of view of entity:
(1) exalted wisdom of meditative equipoise of a
Hearers path of meditation; (2) exalted wisdom
of subsequent attainment of a Hearers path of
meditation; (3) Hearers path of meditation that is
neither of those
nyan
nyan thos kyi
mthong lam rjes thob ye shes

thob/thob thob thob thobs Hearers
exalted wisdom of subsequent attainment of a
path of seeing
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ nyan thos kyi mthon lam bar chad med lam
dang rnam grol lam gang rung ma yin pai nyan thos kyi
mthong lam yang yin/ rang dren byed kyi rnam grol lam
rdzogs rjes su byung bai cha nas bzhag pai nyan thos
kyi bden pa mngon rtogs/ Definition: Hearers clear
realizer of truth which is posited from the viewpoint

of: (1) being a Hearers path of seeing which is
neither an uninterrupted path nor a path of release
of a Hearers path of seeing; and (2) arises after the
completion of the
nyan
thos kyi mthong lam mnyam bzhag ye shes

Hearers exalted wisdom of meditative equipoise
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang yul du gyur pai gang zag
227
thos kyi mthong lam bar chad med lam

uninterrupted path of a Hearers path of seeing
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
nyon sgrib kun btags kyi dngos gnyen du gyur pai nyan
thos kyi bden pa mngon rtogs/ Definition: Hearers
clear realizer of truth that is an actual antidote to the

artificial afflictive obstructions

dbye ba/ nyan thos kyi
Divisions:
mthong lam bzod pa brgad/ chos bzod bzhi dang

rjes bzod bzhi/ Divisions: the eight forbearances
of a Hearers path of seeing (the four doctrinal
forbearances and the four subsequent forbearances)
nyan thos kyi mthon lam bar chad med lam dang
rnam grol lam gang rung ma yin pai nyan thos kyi
mthong lam yang yin/ rang dren byed kyi rnam
grol lam rdzogs rjes su byung bai cha nas bzhag
pai nyan thos kyi bden pa mngon rtogs/ Hearers
clear realizer of truth which is posited from the
viewpoint of: (1) being a Hearers path of seeing
which is neither an uninterrupted path nor a
path of release of a Hearers path of seeing; and
(2) arises after the completion of the path of rele
dbye ba/ 1 spang bya gcig char bai dgra bcom

pai mkhyen pa/ 2 spang bya rim gyis pai dgra
bcom pai mkhyen pa/ dbang poi dbye na/ 1 nyan
thos dgra bcom pa dbang rnon/ 2 dbang rdul kyi
mkhyen pa/ Divisions: (1) exalted knower of a Foe
Destroyer who has simultaneous abandonment; (2)
exalted knower of a Foe Destroyer who has gradual
abandonment; Divisions by way of faculty: (1)
exalted knowers of Hearer Foe Destroyers with
sharp faculties; and (2)
nyan thos kyi dad pai sa

Hearers ground of belief
nyan thos kyi rnal

byor mngon sum Hearers yogic direct
perceiver
nyan thos kyi brtson grus
nyan thos kyi phags pa
pa {MSA}rvaka-vrya Hearer effort
rvaka-rya Hearer Superior
nyan nyan thos kyi tshogs lam

thos kyi byang chub am rang sangs rgyas kyi byang
chub {MSA}rvakabodhi pratyekabodhi v
Hearers enlightenment or a Solitary Realizers
enlightenment {T}
nyan thos kyi sbyor lam
prayoga-mrga Hearers path of preparation

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang
mngon rtogs/ Definition: Hearers clear realizer of
Divisions: dbye ba/ 1 che/ 2

bri/ 3 chu/ Divisions: (1) great; (2) middling; (3)
small
bras nyan thos kyi mthong lam ma skyes gong gi nyan
thos kyi don mngon rtogs/ Definition: Hearer clear
realizer of meaning that arises before its own effect,

a Hearer path of seeing
nyan thos kyi lam Hearer path

nyan thos kyi lam gyi bgrod pa mthar phyin pai
mngon rtogs a clear realizer of one who has
completed the progress of a Hearers path
Divisions:
dbye ba/ nyan thos kyi sbyor lam drod/ rtse
mo/ bzod pa/ chos mchog Divisions: Hearers
(1) heat; (2) peak; (3) forbearance; (4) supreme
mundane qualities paths of preparation
nyan thos kyi lam
shes pai lam shes rvakamrgajnamay

mrgajt knower of paths that knows Hearer
paths
nyan thos kyi mi slob lam
rvaka-aaika-mrga Hearers path of no

more learning {PH}Hearers path of no more
learning
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
nyan thos kyi lam
shes pai lam shes knowers of paths that know

Hearer paths
nyan thos kyi sa rvaka-bhmi;
nyan thos kyi lam gyi bgrod pa mthar phyin pai mngon
rtogs/ Definition: a clear realizer of one who has
ravakabhmi Asagas Hearer Grounds;

grounds of hearers
completed the progress of a Hearers path
nyan thos
Divisions:
rang bras sbyor lam ma skyes gong gi nyan thos kyi chos
doctrine that arises before the path of preparation

that is its own effect
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord rvaka-
rvaka-sabhra-mrga Hearers path of

Definitions:
accumulation
mtshan nyid/
228
dgra bcom pa dbang rtul kyi mkhyen pa

nyan pa
exalted knower of a Hearer Foe Destroyer with

dull faculties
nyan/ nyan/
nyand/ nyond/ {C}oti; {MSA,MV}ravaa to
hear {C}listen; learn
nyan thos
dgra bcom pa dbang rnon mkhyen pa

exalted knower of a Hearer Foe Destroyer with
sharp faculties
nyan pa po {MSA}rot hearer; one who

hears
nyan thos
dgra bcom pai rgyud kyi mkhyen pa

exalted knower in the continuum of a Hearer Foe
Destroyer
nyan thos
sgom lam pai rgyud kyi mkhyen pa

exalted knower in the continuum of a person on
the Hearer path of meditation
nyan thos theg pa {L}rvaka-yna

Hearer Vehicle
nyan thos mthong lam pa

{PH}a Hearer on the path of seeing
nyan thos mthong lam

pai mkhyen pa mkhyen
mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend exalted knower of a
person on the Hearer path of seeing
nyan thos dang rang sangs

rgyas {MSA,MV}rvaka-pratyekabuddha
Hearers and Solitary Realizers {T}
nyan po snod
{PH}fit vessel
It is
said that a student who is impartial, intelligent, and

industrious is called a fit vessel [for the teaching].
{A4C} 12.1ab
nyan bya object of hearing

nyan tshul mode of listening
nyan rang rvaka-pratyekabuddha
Hearers and Solitary Realizers {PH}rvakas

and Pratyekabuddhas
nyan rang gi theg pa
{PH}rvaka
and Pratyekabuddha Vehicles
nyan rang gi lam
{PH}rvaka and
Pratyekabuddha paths
nyan rang gnyis
{PH}both rvakas
and Pratyekabuddhas
nyan rang phags pa
{PH}
rvakas; Pratyekabuddhas; and ryas; rya
rvakas and Pratyekabuddhas
nyan sa rvaka-bhmi Asagas Hearer

Grounds
nyan thos sde pa Hearer Sectarians

nyam nga ba {C}dhi; {MSA}ania;
{MSA}kaa; {MSA}vyasana fright; fear
nyan thos la sogs pa {MSA,MV}
rvakdi Hearers and so forth
misfortune
nyam nga ba med
nyan thos legs tshol ba
btsal tshol/tshel btsal

tshold {C}rvaka-gat {C}those who belong
to the host of rvakas(?)
pa; sgra nyam nga ba med pa {MSA}akaaabdat fearless sound
nyam nga bai phyogs direction of
nyan du {C}ruanya {C}to hear

nyan dod pa {C}ur desire to
fear
nyam nga bar (adisa-kamp):
hear {C}(desire) to make hear
{ntideva} adisaka {PH}fearfully
229
nyam cung ba {PH}weak

nyam chung {C}alpa-sthma; {MSA}
lesser; disagreeable; left behind; mean

A state occurs that is like
night pervaded by moonlight. {YJD}
nyams khrid practical instruction

nyams dga ba very pleasant;
durbala {C}weakling; has no strength; little

stamina
nyam chung nyid {PH}weak

nyam chung phyir {C}durlabhatvt
pleasure; happiness; delight {VS 2.5} {PH}

very pleasant
The Great Intelligent One dwelt in
the very pleasant heavily adorned Akaniha Pure
Land.
{C}because it does not hold (the water) well
nyam chung ba {MSA}daurbalya little

strength; weak
nyam thag destitution; without resources;

destitute; stricken; exhausted
nyam thag skal dman
{PH}
experience]
nyams chung {MV}daurbalya having
nyams chung ba {MV}daurbalya;
{PH}destitute
{MSA}durbalatva having little strength; weak
transmigrators
nyams stobs
{PH}strength
Ones strength will be exhausted.
{YJD}
nyam thag pa destitution; without
resources; destitute; stricken; exhausted {PH}

destitution; destitute
nyam rtsal yod min na {C}aval
nyams thag {MSA}rta stricken;

exhausted {PH}stricken; destitute
(=abal) bhuyu {C}would have little strength
nyam rtsal yod med na {C}aval

(=abal) bhuyu {C}would have little strength
nyam rangs su mi dor
nyams bde {C}udagra {C}elated
nyams bde ba dang nyams mi bdeang rung ste

ji lta ji ltar gnas pa {C}pratam aprata v
(=paihito hoti) {C}position in which it is placed
dod ba {C}adhivsana {C}toleration of
nyam rangs su mi dor
nyams snang
dod ba {C}andhivsayitavya (=adhivsan

parivarjayitavy); {C}adhivsana {C}should not
give in to; toleration of
snang
snang snang snang spiritual appearance [i.e.

appearance of a disembodied being]{Gn-chok}
nyams {C}hna; {C,MSA}hni; (h):
{MSA}hyate; {C}hna; {C}kati; {C}vikala;

{C}bhajyate; {MSA}chidratva; {MSA}vipatti;
{MSA}vilekha a feeling; an experience;
vision; visionary experience; spoiled; defiled;
corrupted; degenerated; deterioration {PH}
state; experience; thought; apprehension {C}
impairment; deficient; breaks; forsaking; loss;
failure; diminution; decrease; waning; inferior; low;
{PH}single moment [of
little strength; weak
unfortunate and destitute
nyam thag gro
nyams gcig
230
nyams pa {C}hyate; {L}prahyate; {N}
upahata; {C}hni; {MV}hnat; {MSA}parihni;

{MSA}parihi; {MSA}vihna; {MSA}hna; {C}
khaa; {MSA}khaana; {MSA}cyuta; {MSA}yang
dag par nyams pa = samudghta degenerated;
spoiled; defiled; corrupted; deterioration
{PH}pain; thoughts {C}forsake; break; broken;
diminish; is diminished; is decreased; fail
nyams pa cha mthun hnabhgya
/ len/ blangs/ lend/ practice {PH}practice
phar phyin bcui nyams
len lhag tshul a special mode of practicing the ten
perfections {PGP 78}
concordant with degeneration
nyams pa med {C}akhaa non-
degenetated; unspoiled; undefiled; uncorrupted

{C}unbroken
nyams len gyi mchog
nyams pa med pa {C}
asampramuita; {MSA}acyuti non-degenetated;

unspoiled; undefiled; uncorrupted {C}
unimpaired
nyams pa med pa ting nge

dzin
{MSA}acyuti samdhna- non-degenerated
meditative stabilization
{MSA}praa become degenerate; deteriorate

{C}breaks down
nyams par gyur ba {C}
sampramoayati (=pramuhyate) become

degenerate; deteriorate {C}impair
nyams su blang bya object of

practice
nyams su blangs pa practice

nyams su mi bde ba med la
{C}vightam padyate {C}fails
nyams par rnam par
spangs pa spang spong spangs

spongs {C}upaghta-vivarjita abandoning
degeneration {C}not impaired in any way
nyams su myong
myang / myong / myangs/ myongs/ {C}rpi

(=anubhavati) experience
nyams su myong ba {C}anubhavati;

{MSA}anubhava; {MSA}pratyanubhavana
experience
blang / len/ blangs/ lend/ practice
nyams su myong bar gyur
ba {C}anubhavati; {C}pratyanubhavati {C}

experiences
blang / len/ blangs/ lend/ practice
nyams ma med pa {C}asrasanat
nyams su myong bar byed {C}
not non-degenerated; not undefiled {C}
pratyanubhavati experience {C}experiences
indefatiguability
nyams su myong bar byed pa
nyams smad suppression

nyams zhib {PH}details

{C}anubhavati experience {C}experiences
nyams rangs su mi dor ba; nyams rangs su mi dod

ba {C}adhivsana {C}toleration of
blang
nyams su blang
(=vaiyvtya) practice {C}Service
nyams par gyur {C}bhajati;
nyams len
madhura {C}(most) sublime; good to eat; fine;

superior; exalted; sweet
nyams su blang ba {C}vaiyvtti
cause of degeneration/deterioration
nyams blangs
nyams longs practice

nyams su bde ba {C}prata; {C}
blang / len/ blangs/ lend/ vaiyvtti practice
nyams pai rgyu {MSA}hni-hetu
nyams blang
{PH}
supreme practice
231
nyams su len pa
len/ practice
nyams
nyams su len pai tshul

way to practice
{PH}
nyams su longs practice

nyal nyal/ nyal/ nyald/
candra-maala {C}disk of the sun and moon
nyi mai gnyen {LCh}ditya-bandhu;
nyold/ {C}aya; {C}ayna lie down; sleep

{C}lying down; lies down
{LCh}srya-mitra Sun-Friend [Buddha]; The

Sun Friend; a name for Buddha kyamuni
nyal khri bed

nyal nyil unclean
nyal ba {MSA}svapna lie down; sleep
nyal ba dang
nyi mai od zer {C}srya-rami;

{MSA}ditya-rami; {MSA}dina-kara-kiraa
sunlight {C}rays of the sun
nyi mai od ser tapa sunlight

nyi tshe {MSA}pradea; {MV}prdeika a
gnyid kyi mya myo bsal ba la

bsal sel bsald seld {C}yite nyidrklama-
little; tiny; partial; trifling
nyi tshe ba {C,MV,N}prdeika; {C}
prativinodana {C}dispelling exhaustion by sleep
nyi khri chig stong drug brgya
pradeikatva limited; trifling; little; tiny; partial

{C}content with a limited activity; with a limited
scope; a limited number; definitely tangible
216,000
nyi gdugs {PH}parasol

nyi snang ryavimuktisenas Illumination
of the Twenty-five Thousand Stanza Perfection of

Wisdom Stra
nyi ma {C,MSA}srya; {C}divasa; {C}divasam;

{MSA}arka; {MSA}tapa; {MSA}dina-kara; {MSA}
bhnu sun; day; sunday {C}by day; waking;
for a day
nyi ma gcig cig {C}divasam

for a day
nyi ma lta bui sems bskyed
nyi tshe bai stong pa a partial

emptiness{MSI 425.6}
nyi tshe bai dmyal ba trifling hell

nyi tshe bai ye shes {C}
nyi tshei bdag {BMH} antartman
mind-generation like sun
{PH}individual Self
nyi ma dang zla ba {C}srya-candra-
nyi tshei dmyal ba lesser hell-being

nyi og pa aparntaka {PH}Aparntaka
masau {C}sun and moon
nyi ma phyed dus {PH}noonday sun

nyi ma sbas pa Ravigupta
nyi ma od zer sunlight{D1}
nyi mai dkhyil khor {C}ditya-
[subshool of the Vaibhika]
maala (=srya-maala); {MSA}bhnu-maala

sun-maala; sun-disc {C}orb of the sun
dkhyil khor dang zla bai dkhyil khor {C}srya-
prdeika ... pratyaka partial direct perception;

trifling direct perception
prdeikatva-jna partial wisdom; trifling

wisdom {C}definitely tangible; limited cognition;
cognition limited in scope
{C}
nyi mai
nyi tshe bai mngon sum {MSA}
232
nyi logs {C}tapas {C}sunshine

nyi shu viati twenty
nyi shu pa viatik Vasubandhus The
Twenty (viatik)
nyi shu rtsa gcig {PH}twenty-one

nyi shu rtsa gnyis {MV}dvviati-
nyin re laang even in each day; sun;
vidha; {MSA}dvviati twenty-two
nyi shu rtsa bdun twenty-seven

nyi hong {PH}Japan; Japanese
nying mtshams gap between lives
nying mtshams sbyor ba
day
nyin shas {PH}a few days

nyug byed la {C}abhyokireya
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord pratisandhi
briding the gap between lives {PH}[instance of]

taking rebirth
nyid {LCh,MSA}sva; {C}tva; {MV}eva; {MSA}

svak ... dharmat {C}his own dharma
nyung ngu {MSA}alpa few; little

nyung ngu nyung ngus {C}stoka-
words
{C}waking; by
day
nyin gcig {C}divasena one day
nyung nyung few; a few

nyung ba {MSA}alpa; {MV}alpatva little;
few
nyung ba dang ches nyung ba
{C}
during a day
{MSA}alpa-tara-tama little and very little
nyin par {MSA}div in the day; during

the day
nyin par zas mi za bai lhas byin tshon po rid pa ma

yin pa the non-thin Devadatta who does not eat
during the day
{PH}afternoon
session
nyin mtshan {C}diva-rtri; {C}rtri-diva

` {C}day and night
nyin mtshan du lan drug tu
nyin re bzhin [day-each-like]; daily;
nyung ma turnip
nyung zad {PH}few; very few
nyung shas {PH}a small amount
nyung shes shig very few
nye {C}sanna near; dear; intimate
nye khor {PH}near; nearby; range (of)

nye khor {PH}neighboring [hell]
nye khor na {L}matsampa in the
nye khor ba utsada neighboring (hell)

nye khor bai dmyal ba
neighboring hell-being
every day; sun; day
233
{C}
nearness
vicinity; in; near
{MSA}aho-rtra a-ktva six times during the

day and night {T}
little; few {PH}little; few
nyung ngus few

nyung ngus tshig few words
nyung ngus tshig gis with a few
nyid kyi chos {C}sva-dharma; {MSA}
nyin mo sun; day

nyin mo dgung thun
nyung {MSA}alpa; {C}alpaka; {MSA}partta

stokam little by little {C}drop by drop
svaka only; itself; just; particle abstracting a

noun; -ness self; own; oneself
nyid du self; same

nyid las self; same; I
nyin {C}divasa; {C}div day
{C}
would bestow
nye bai nyon mongs
nye khor dmyal ba near hell

nye gyur na {C}cetate become intimate;
pai glo bur ba {MSA}gantuka ... upaklea

adventitious affliction/afflictive emotion
become dear {C}bestirs himself
nye nyon {LCh}upaklea secondary
afflictions nye nyon nyi shu

gzhan gyur bzhi the twenty secondary afflictions
and the four changeables
nye nyon nyi shu upaklea the twenty
nye bar khor ba matsampa in the
nye bar gos pa med pa {C}
dbye ba/ 1 khro ba/ 2
Divisions:
anupalipta {C}unstained; cannot be soiled
nye bar gyur to {C}abhyito
{C}
quite near
nye bar gyur pa {C}abhy-bhavati
khon dzin/ 3 chab pa/ 4 tshig pa/ 5 phrag dog/

6 ser sna/ 7 sgyu/ 8 g.yo/ 9 rgyags pa/ 10 rnam pa
tshe ba/ 11 ngo tsha med pa/ 12 khrel med pa/ 13
rmugs pa/ 14 rgod pa/ 15 ma dad pa/ 16 le lo/ 17
bag med pa/ 18 brjed nges pa/ 19 Divisions: (1)
belligerence (krodha); (2) resentment (upanha);
(3) concealment (mraka); (4) spite (pradsa); (5)
jealousy (phrag dog, ry); (6) miserliness (ser
sna, mtsarya); (7) deceit (my); (8) dissimulation
(hya); (9) haughtiness (mada); (10
{C}comes near to
nye bar dgod
dgod god bkod god set/state/establish/arrange/

register/make a record/place [on throne]/put [a
signature]; array; affix
nye bar gro {C}upaiti
{C}undergo;
approach; come to; bear; imply
nye bar gro ba {C}upayta; {C}
upasakrmati; {C}upagacchati {C}approached;

approach; stride up to; come to; come near; come;
go to; overpowered; take to; undergo; (with Sanskrit
na: remain unaware of)
slob dpon klu sgrub kyi
nye gnas nyid du gyur [He] became the disciple

of the Master Ngrjuna. {A4C-C}
nye bar rgyas par gyur {C}
nye ba {C}abhysa; {MSA}antika; {MSA}
upabmhayati {C}strengthen; promote
nye bar sgrub
sanna; {MSA}samavahita near; dear; intimate

byang chub la ni nye ba dang
one is closer to enlightenment

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {L}upasahrati
establish bring to mind; help; arrange; compare;
bring; induce
nye ba nyid {C}sannat {C}nearness

nye bai nyon mongs nye
nye bar sgrub pa
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}upasahra

bring; induce
nyon {MV}upaklea secondary affliction;

secondary afflictive emotion
nye bai nyon mongs pa
nye bar bsgrub
{MSA,MV}upaklea secondary affliction;

secondary afflictive emotion
important
vicinity; in; near
secondary afflictions
nye du {C}jti {C}kinsmen

nye gnas nyid {PH}disciple
nye bar {C}sanna {C}near; nearness

nye bar mkho ba important points;
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {C}upasahrati
234
nye bar brten {C}upastambhanat

bring; induce
nye bar bsgrubs te
nye bar bstan
bstan
ston bstand stond {C}upastambhanat {C}the
fact of being supported
upasampadaya establish {C}in the attainment

of; having entered on
nye bar bstan pa
nye bar jug pa upasthpan close
bstan ston bstand stond {C}upadiati; {C}
setting
nidarana {C}point out; recommends; speak

of; show; explain; expound; definite statement;
definition
nye bar jog pa upasthpan;

upasthpana close setting
nye bar jog par byed {MSA}
nye bar bstan par bgyi {C}
upadekymi demonstrate; indicate; teach {C}

I can point
(upa sth): upasthpayati close setting
nye bar nyon mongs pa
nye bar bstabs pa {C}upanmita
{MSA;MV}upaklea {PH}secondary afflictions

(upaklea)
{C}has bent over to
nye bar gtod {L}upanayana bring
near; lead to; introduces; initiation ceremony for

the three (twice-born) upper castes in Hinduism
nye bar rtag pa spectator

nye bar rtog pa {C}upaparkamo;
{MSA}upalakaa; upalaka realize; examine;

investigation {C}when he considers
nye bar rton {C}upastabdha
{C}
propped up; supported
nye bar rton par byed par

gyur {C}upastambhayati {C}prop up
nye bar ston
bstan
ston bstand stond {C}upadein {C}recommends
nye bar ston pa
bstan ston bstand stond {Das}upadea
upatihate; {MV}upasthita; {L}pratyupasthita; {C}

upavartate {C}to be present; rise up; turns up
nye bar gnas pa {MSA}upasthita;
{MSA}pratyupasthna; {MSA}pratyupasthpana;
{MSA}samupasthita; {C}sanna-sthyin; {C}
pratyupasthita (bhavati) (=abhimukhbhta) {C}
stood near to; (is/has been) set up; lives for; rise up
against; is about to; immanent; is concerned with;
have come round; entails; sets himself up
nye bar phyogs par gyur ro

{C}upanamati {C}share
nye bai phyogs {PU} pradea
{PH}
adjacent
nye bar pho ba {C}upasakrmati
nye bar blang bya {N}updna that
nye bar brtag pa spectator

nye bar brtags
which is appropriated{N}
brtag rtog brtags rtags {C}vyuparkamu {C}

in the face of that discovery
{C}
the fact of being supported
nye bar gnas (upa sth): {MV}
{C}approach; stride up to; come to; come near;

goes to
instruction; advice; prescription
nye bar brtan {C}upastambhanat
{C}
the fact of being supported
235
nye bar brel bar byed pa {C}

paribadhnti {C}ties to
nye bar sbyar ba
sbyar
sbyor sbyard sbyord {C}upasahra {C}
compare; suggest; bring (to mind); arrange; induce;
provide
nye bar mi gos pa {C}vitimira-karin

{C}remover of darkness
nye bar tshe ba {C}upadrava
{C}
nye bar len pa po {N}updt that

which appropriates{N}
nye bar len pa med par {C}
distress; calamity; trouble
nye bar tsho ba livelihood;
anupdya not appropriated {C}without

further clinging
sustenance
nye bar zhi {C}upanta pacify
cause; object appropriated; that which is

appropriated{N}; appropriated; causal
contributors {C}grasping; to gain; grasps at;
grasped
nye bar len pai phung po
{C}in
peace; appeased; calm(ly quiet)
lnga {MSA}pacopdna-skandha the five

appropriated aggregates
nye bar zhi ba {C,MSA}upanta;

{C,MV}upanti; {MSA}upaama; {MSA}
upaamana; {C}upamyati pacify {C}
appeasing; appeases
nye bar longs spyod
vyupaama; vyupaamana thorough pacifying
nye bar song nas
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}upabhoga {C}

enjoy (the happiness)
nye bar zhi bar byed pa

song song song song {MSA}(upa-sa kram):
upasakramya having gone close to {T}
nye bar zhi byed {MSA}(vy-upa am):
nye bar bsags pa {L}upacita; {C}
vyupaamayati thorough pacifying
nye bar gzhag pa {MV}upasthna
upacaya {C}accumulated; accumulation
nye bar bsam par bya {C}
establishment
nye bar gzhol ba {C}upapadyate
upanidhyyati {C}meditate (on); touch and

examine
{C}is reborn; gain rebirth
nye tsi {C}upoadha {C}name of a Nga-king

nye ring the close and distant; close or
nye bar bzhag pa {LCh}upasthna

establishment
nye bar ong gyur {C}upagacchati
distant; intimacy and alienness; distance
nye lam short path; quick path
{C}come (to); go to; overpowered; approach;
{PH}short
path; short cut zhwa lu nas
nye lam brgyud na ... From Shalu, if [one] follows
a short cut, ... {GCG} p. 27/48
undergo; remain aware of
nye bar ongs gyur nas {C}

upgamitva {C}having approached
nye bar yongs su brtag pa

{C}upaparkate {C}investigate; consider;
regards as
nye bar rab tu sbyor bar
byed pa sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord

{C}prayujyamna {C}engaged in effort
nye bar len pa {MSA,MV,N}updna;

{C}updnat; {C}updatta substantial
236
nyeo {C}abhysanna near; very near

nyer mkho important points; important
nyer bsgrubs
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}upasahra

establish; establishment
nyer gcig twenty-one {PH}twenty-one

nyer thob
thob/thob thob thob thobs lokasyopalabdhia
near attainment; near-attainment
nyer thob nag lam pai
sems thob/thob thob

thob thobs the mind of radiant black nearattainment {PH}mind of radiant black nearattainment
nyer len
nye bar len pa/

updna substantial cause; object appropriated;
appropriated; appropriation
nyer len gyi rgyu updna-kraa

substantial cause
nyer sdogs
{PH}preparation
bsam gtan dang poi nyer sdogs
preparation for the first concentration
nyer bsdogs smantaka preparation

dbye ba/ bsam
Divisions:
gtan dang po mi lcogs med la/ 1 yid la byed pa las

dang po ba/ 2 mtshan nyid so sor rig pai yid byed/
3 mos pa yid byed/ 4 rab tu dben pai yid byed/ 5
dga ba sdud pai yid byed/ 6 dpyod pa yid byed/
7 sbyor ba mthai yid byed/ Divisionsfor the
first concentration, the not unable: (1) mental
engagement of a beginner; (2) mental engagement
of individual investigation of characteristics;
(3) mental engagement of belief; (4) mental
engagement of thorough isolation; (5) mental en
nyer bsdogs dang dngos gzhii ting nge dzin dang

ldan pa gzung dzin bzung
zungs {MSA}samantaka-maula-samdhi-sahagata
possessing the meditative stablization of the
preparations and actual absorption(s) {T}
nyer len gyi phung po updnaskandha appropriated aggregates
nyer len byas nas byung ba
byung byung byung byung ...

arises through ... acting as a cause
nyes bad; sin; evil; crime

nyes skyon faults and defects
nyes can [crime-possessing]; criminal; evil
one; having fault
nyes pa {LCh,L,MV,MSA}
doa; {MSA}dua; {MSA}duat; {MSA}pradoa;
{C}kalaka; {MSA}apardha fault; fallacy; evil;
crime; bad; sin; deficiency; problematic; humor
{C}blemish
nyes pa brgyad {MSA}aa-doa eight

faults
nyes pa lci ba the heavier fault

nyes pa rnyams gdul bar
bya ba {MSA}do vinaya discipline the
faults
nyes pa mthong ba {MSA}doadarana viewing faults
nyer bras substantial effect

nyes pa dang skyon {C}doa-antara;
{C}antara faults and defects
nyer brel {C}upalea {C}adherance
nyer sbas upagupta Upagupta

nyes pa dang ldan pa la yon tan dang ldan pa
nyer tshe bai dmyal ba {PH}
nyid du dzin pa gzung dzin
trifling hells
bzung zungs {MSA}doa-vati gua-vattva-grha

conceiving that which has faults as something
with qualities {T}
nyer tsho livelihood; sustenance

nyer bzhag {LCh}upasthna; {C}
nyes pa spyad pa

spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}ducarita {C}bad
upasthayati establishment {C}call forth

237
nyo tshong sogs la bad pa
conduct
nyes pa spyad pa spyod pa
striving at selling and buying{LWT 233}
nyon klea affliction

nyon sgrib {LCh}klevaraa afflictive

ducarita-crin {C}doer of bad conduct
nyes pa byed pa {MSA}dukta to do
obstruction; obstruction to liberation
nyon sgrib kun btags
evil
nyes pa med {MSA}adoa; {MSA}

dobhva faultless
thogs parikalpitakleva-raa the artificial

afflictive obstructions; {T} acquired afflictive
obstructions; artificial obstruction to liberation
nyes pa med pa nyid {MSA}

nirdoatva faultlessness
nyes pa yongs su spang ba

{MSA}doa-parivarjana thorough abandonment
of faults
nyes pa gsum {MSA}doa-traya three

faults
nyes par brtsi bar gyur {C}

aparddha {C}one who has offended; offend
nyes par bsams pa med pa
{C}anavasdayamna {C}one who never rejected

anyone
nyes pa; nyes dmigs

dnava, apakla fault
nyon sgrib kun

btags brgya dang bcu gnyis {PH}the one hundred
and twelve artificial afflictive obstructions
nyon sgrib kun btags dngos
gnyen du gyur pai nyan thos kyi bden pa mngon

rtogs gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs a Hearer clear realizer
of truth which is an actual antidote to the
artificial afflictive obstructions
nyon sgrib kun
btags spangs pai rnam grol lam du gyur pai nyan

thos kyi bden pa mngon rtogs a Hearer clear
realizer of truth which is a path of release that
abandons the artificial afflictive obstructions
nyes byas {L}dukta misdeed

nyes dmigs
nyon
nyes dmigs pa
nyon sgrib spangs pai
sgrib spangs pai cha nas bzhag pai mkhyen pa

mkhyend an exalted knower that is posited
from the viewpoint of abandoning the afflictive
obstructions
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs {LCh,C,MSA}dnava

fault {C}misfortune; reproach; punishment;
affliction; danger
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs {C}dnava
ye shes spang spong spangs

spongs pristine wisdom that has abandonned
the afflictive obstructions
fault {C}misfortune; reproach; punishment;
affliction; danger
nyes tshogs {MSA}doa-sacaya
nyon sgrib lhan skyes bcu
collection of faults
nyo
drug {PH}sixteen innate afflictive obstructions
nyo/ nyo/ nyos/ nyos/
sell; to buy
238
nyon sgrib; nyon
rnam par sbyong bai rnal byor pa
sbyang sbyong sbyangs sbyongs yogi who
mongs pai sgrib pa klevaraa afflictive

obstruction
nyon cig {L}u listen [imperative]

nyon mong can klia afflicted
nyon mongs {LCh,C,MV}klea; (kli):
is purifying afflictions/afflictive emotions
nyon mongs
{MSA}kliyate; {C}kliyati; {MSA;MV}klia;

{MSA}saklia; {C}vihanyate affliction;
afflictive emotion {C}be afflicted; to resist(?)
di gsum nyon mongs can
zhes sbyar these three are specified as afflictive
nyon mongs kyi sgrib pa

klevaraa afflictive obstruction
nyon mongs kyi bag chags

predispositions/latencies of the afflictions/
afflictive emotions
nyon mongs rnam par sbyong bai las dang

po pai yid byed sbyang
sbyong sbyangs sbyongs kleaviuddhydikarmi
kamanaskra mental contemplation of a
beginner at purifying afflictions/afflictive
emotions
nyon mongs rnam par sbyong bai las dang po
bai yid byed sbyang sbyong
sbyangs sbyongs mental contemplation of
a beginner at purifying afflictions/afflictive
emotions
afflicted; {T} afflictive
nyon mongs can gyi gnyid

{PH}afflicted sleep
nyon mongs can gyi ma
nyon mongs rnam
rig pa {N}klividy; klividya afflictive

ignorance{N}
sbyang gi dmigs pa sbyang

sbyong sbyangs sbyongs objects for purifying
afflictions
nyon mongs can gyi yid

kliamanas afflicted mentality; afflictive
mentality; afflicted intellect
nyon mongs can ma

yin pai ma rig pa nonafflictive ignorance
nyon mongs can min {MV}aklia

non-afflicted
nyon mongs rtog pa spong
spang spong spangs spongs {MSA}
klia-vitarka-varjan abandon afflictive thought

{T}
nyon mongs rnam dag

pai gnas {MV}klea-uddhy-raya basis for
purifying the afflictions
nyon mongs can {MSA}klia
nyon mongs
rnam par sbyong bai las dang po pa

sbyang sbyong sbyangs sbyongs
kleaviuddhydikarmika beginner at purifying
the afflictive emotions; beginner at purifying
afflictions
239
nyon mongs rnam

sbyong gi dmigs pa kleaviodanlambana
object of observation for purifying afflictive
emotions
nyon mongs rnam
sbyong gi dmigs pa sbyang

sbyong sbyangs sbyongs kleaviodanlambana
object of observation for purifying afflictions/
afflictive emotions
nyon mongs rnam
sbyong gi dmigs pa sbyang

sbyong sbyangs sbyongs kleaviodanalambana
object of observation for purifying afflictions/
afflictive emotions
nyon mongs rnams
nyon mongs pa dang
sbyong gi dmigs pa kleaviodanalambana

object of observation for purifying afflictions;
object of observation for purifying afflictive
emotions
shes byai sgrib pa {L,MSA,MV} klea-jeyavaraa afflictive obstructions and obstructions

to omniscience
nyon mongs pa {MSA,MV}klea; {C}
nyon mongs pa dul ba {MSA}
ysa; {C}raa; {MSA}klea-akti afflicted;

affliction {C}trouble; strife
klea-vinayana discipline the afflictions
nyon mongs pa skye bai
rkyen tsam {MSA}kleasyotpatti-pratyaya-mtram

mere condition of the production of afflictions
nyon mongs pa bskyed pa
nyon mongs pa
dul ba la rab tu brtson pa {MSA}klea-vinayasayukta apply oneself to disciplining the
afflictions
nyon mongs pa
afflicted
nyon mongs pa rnams
utpdita-klea production of afflictions
nyon mongs pa can {MSA}klia
kyi gnyen po {MSA}klen pratipaka

antidotes to the afflictions
nyon mongs pa can gyi yid

{MV}klia mana afflicted mind
nyon mongs pa
can ma yin pai mi shes pa {MV}akliam ajna

non-afflicted ignorance
nyon mongs pa thams

cad du bral ba {L}sarvatra vigata-klea free
from all afflictions; {T} everywhere free from
afflictions
nyon mongs pa dang bcas pa

{C}sgaa afflicted {C}with blemish
nyon mongs pa dang
nyon mongs pa spangs pa

klea-praha abandon the afflictions
nyon mongs pa spong ba

klea-praha abandon the afflictions
nyon mongs pa mang ba {MSA}

klea-prcurya; {MSA}klea-bhulya many
afflictions
nyon mongs pa med pa {C}
niklea; {C}niklea; {MSA}asaklea; {C}

anagana; {MSA}ara unafflicted {C}without
afflictions; without blemish
mthun pai chos {MSA}klenukla ... dharma

phenomena concordant with affliction
nyon mongs pa dang
dag pai gnas {MV}klea-uddhy-raya a place

that if purified of afflictions
nyon mongs pa dang bral ba
nyon mongs pa med par {C}

alpa-kcchrea {C}with little trouble
nyon mongs pa med par
gnas pa {C,MSA}ara-vihrin one who abides

without afflictions {C}one who dwells in peace
{MSA}klea-vigama; {MV}klea-visayoga free

from afflictions
nyon mongs pa las rnam dag
nyon mongs pa dang
{MSA}kled viuddhi free from the afflictions
las dang skye ba {MSA}klea-karma-janma

affliction, action, and production
ni rnam par rtog pa yin {MSA}vikalpa-klea

ideational afflictions
nyon mongs pa
las rnam par grol ba
240
grol grold grol grold {MSA}klea-vimoka
completely freed from the afflictions
predispositions of the afflictions/afflictive

emotions
nyon mongs pai med pa {L}
nyon mongs pai

kun nas nyon mongs pa {MV}klea-saklea
thoroughly afflicted by the afflictions
anagana unafflicted; without afflictions
nyon mongs pai zag pa
nyon mongs pai rgyu
*klerava afflicted contaminations
nyon mongs pai zag
yin pai phyir {MSA}klia-hetutas because of

being the cause of the afflictions
pa dang bcas pa contaminated phenomena of

the afflictions{Lati}
nyon mongs pai sgrib pa
{MSA,MV}klevaraa afflictive obstructions;

obstructions to liberation
nyon mongs pai sgrib

pa rnam pa dgu {MV}navadh-klea-varaa
nine aspects of the afflictive obstructions
nyon mongs par snang ba
snang snang snang snang {MSA}

klebhsa appearance of the afflictions
nyon mongs par byed pa {MV}

(pari kli): parikliyate afflict
nyon mongs pai gnyen po

nyid {MSA}klea-pratipakat antidote to the
afflictions
nyon mongs ma mchis {C}
po mdzad pa {MSA}klea-pratipaka-vidhna
act as an antidote to the afflictions
nyon mongs ma yin mi
nyon mongs pai gnyen

nyon mongs pai dri
ma med pai gnas {MSA}klea-nairmalya-prptyraya (sic) a place that is without the stains of
the afflictions
araya unafflicted {C}one of those who are

secluded
mongs min {MV}na kli npi vkli neither

afflicted nor non-afflicted
nyon mongs med nonaffliction;
nonafflictiveness; nonafflictive; without afflictive

emotions
nyon mongs pai dam {C}klea- nyon mongs med pa {MSA}

paka {C}mud of the afflictions
nyon mongs pai
nad rab tu zhi bar byed pa {MSA}klea-vydhipraamana thorough pacification of the sickness
of the afflictions
nyon mongs med par khor

{MSA}asaklia-sasti circling in nonaffliction
nyon mongs med yan lag
nyon mongs pai gnas ngan len gyis rab tu bskyed

pa bskyed skyed bskyed
skyed {MSA}klea-dauhulya-prabhvitatva
thoroughly produced by assumption of bad
afflicted states
{MV}niklega limbs of non-affliction
nyon mongs tshogs {MSA}kleagaa collection of afflictions
nyon mongs mtshan nyid
nyon
rnam dgu {MV}navadh klea-lakaa the

nine aspects of the afflicted character
mongs pai bag la nyal dang bag chags

{MSA}klenuaya-vsan dormancies and
asaklia; {MSA}nisaklea; {C}ara

unafflicted; non-afflicted {C}Peace (in the
forest); appeasing
241
nyon mongs zad pa {MSA}klea-
remote distance
gnyi gai phyogs dang
kaya extinguish the afflictions
nyon mongs gzung
mthun pa {MSA}ubhaya-paka concordant with

both directions
{PH}afflicted
objects
nyon mongs gzung
gnyid {LCh,C,L}middha; {LCh}nidr; supta
rtog mngon gyur {PH}the manifest conception

of afflicted objects
sleep; sloth {PH}sleep {C}torpor
gnyid kyi log {L}apasvpana sleep;
nyon mongs rags pa
fall asleep
gnyid kyis ma log pa a-supta;
mngon gyur ba manifest coarse affliction
nyon mongs shes bya yi
jgrat not sleeping; awake
sgrib pa {MSA}klea-jeya-vti {PH}afflictive

obstructions and obstructions to omniscience
nyon mongs shes byai sgrib
pa {MSA}klea-jeya-vti afflictive obstructions

and obstructions to omniscience
gnyid kyis log pa supta [those

who are] sleeping
gnyid chung ba {L}middha little

sleep; torpor
nyon mongs gsal ba {MSA}klea- gnyid che bar {C}middha-guruka

weighted down by sloth
vinodana clarify the afflictions
nyon mongs lhan skyes sahaja-
klea innate afflictions; innate afflictive emotion
nyon yid klia-manas afflicted mind

nyon shes {PH}afflicted conscioesness
nyol nyal/ nyal/ nyal/
gnyid thug pa deep sleep

gnyid ma log pai gnas
skabs waking state{N}
gnyid mtshan nyid pa
{PH}actual
sleep
nyol/ lie down; sleep
nyos to buy
gnyan evil spirit; a type of wild sheep which
has a huge horn structure; chronic sore or
tumor (refers to a swelling with abrasions)
gnya shing gang tsam lta
gnyid log {L}apasvpana sleep; to sleep

gnyid log pa {LCh}supta to sleep
gnyid log pai gnas skabs
{N}supta-adhikra state of sleep{N}
gnyis {MSA}dvaya; {MSA}dvi; {C}ubhaya;
{C}ubhi (=ubhaya) two {C}dual; duality; both
gnyis ka {C}ubhaya both {C}two

gnyi ka ltar yang {PH}either way;
zhing blta lta bltas ltos {C}

yuga-mtra-prekin {C}one who looks ahead
only one yoke
gnyi ga {MV}ubhaya both

gnyi ka ltar yang
gnyi ga
in either case
in either case
med pa las ring du dang ldan pa yang ma yin {C}

(na-ubhayam antare va) viprak sthit {C}
nor does it stand somewhere between the two at a
{C}
{PH}either way;
gnyis kai cha {MSA}ubhaya

second part
242
gnyis kyi don byed {MSA}artha-
snang snang snang snang elaborations of

dualistic appearances; dualistic elaborations
kara (dvayor-artha-kara) performing two

functions
gnyis snang can gyi shes pa
gnyis kyi mtshan nyid {MSA}
{PH}dualistic consciousness
gnyis snang nub pai
dvaya-lakaa character of duality; dualistic

character
tshul gyis rig {GD:606} cognition of an object in

a non-dual way
gnyis skyes {PH}birds (twice born)

gnyis gyi tshul gyis spyod
pa spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}

dvaya-cri buddhi practice by way of dualistic
modes {C}the intellect courses in duality
gnyis bcas kyi sbyor ba
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord sadvittya
prayoga {GD:319} argument concerning having

a companion [a form of reasoning used by the
Crvkas to argue against reincarnation]
gnyis gnyis
{PH}two each
[They] split into two each. {YJD}
gnyis stong dvaya-nya empty of

duality; emptiness of duality
gnyis stong gi rtogs pa
las byas pa chud zos pai nyes pa ni the second

fallacy is that actions done would be wasted{MSI
420.4}
gnyis pa shos -tama
{PH}the other
of the two
gcig gis mthong nas kyi
hud a za zhes ngu la gnyis pa shos kyang kyi hud o

po zhes nguo One [brother] have seen [the other],
[he] cried out Alas!, and the other [brother] cried
out Alas! as well. {A4C-C}
gnyis bral {MSA}dvayena rahitam free
gnyis stong gi rnam pa can
from duality
gnyis min {MSA}advaya non-duality;
{PH}having the aspect of an emptiness of duality
gnyis don welfare of both [oneself and
non-dual
gnyis med {L}advaya non-duality; non-
others]
snang
dual; non-dualistic
gnyis med kyi blo non-dual
snang snang snang {MSA}dvaybhat dualistic

appearance
awareness; non-dual understanding
gnyis snang khrul pa mistaken
gnyis med chos {TN}advaya-
dualistic appearance
dharmat non-dual reality
gnyis snang gi rnam pa can
gnyis med pai don {MSA}
snang snang snang snang having
advayrtha non-dual object; non-dual meaning
the aspect of dualistic appearance
gnyis pa ltar na in the second case

gnyis pa
dual; {T} both (?)
nya-adhigama realization of the emptiness of

duality{Gn-chok}
gnyis snang gi spros pa
second; in texts: second part
gnyis po {MSA,MV}dvaya second; two;
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs dvaya-
gnyis snang
gnyis pa {MSA,MV}dvitya; {MV}dvaya
243
gnyis la brten pa {C}dvaya-nirita

depending on duality {C}lean on duality
gnyis la dmigs pa
gnyis su med pai skad
cig sbyor nondual momentary training
gnyis su med pai don {MSA}
dvaylambana dual object of observation;

observing duality
advayrtha non-dual object; non-dual meaning
gnyis la yongs su rgyu
gnyis su med pai tshul gyis
ba med pa rgyu rgyu rgyu rgyu {C}

dvaya-asamudcrat; {C}samudcrat {C}
habitual absence of all notions of duality
{C}advaya-yogena through the non-dualistic

mode {C}in accordance with non-duality
gnyis su med pai mtshan
gnyis su {C}dvaya; {C}dvayat as two;
nyid {L,MSA}advaya-laksana non-dualistic

character; character of non-duality
dual; duality
gnyis su khrul pa {MSA}dvaya-
gnyis su med pai shes pa
bhrnti dualistic illusion
gnyis su grangs
{N}advaya-vijna non-dualistic cognition{N}
gnyis su dzin pa
{PH}enumeration
as two
rnam par spangs pa spang

spong spangs spongs {MSA}dvaya-grha-vivarjita
abandon dualistic grasping
gnyis su grangs pa enumeration

as two
gnyis su snang ba
gnyug ma {MSA}nija; nijam
snang snang snang snang {MSA}dvaya-
fundamental; uncontrived; genuine
pratibhsa; {MSA}dvaybhsa dualistic

appearance
gnyug ma lhan cig skyes pai od gsal gyi sems

fundamental innate mind of clear light
gnyis su snang ba med pa

advaybhsa non-appearance of duality
gnyis su snang bai rgyu
gnyug mai yid fundamental

cognition
snang snang snang snang {MV}dvaya-
prakhyna-kraa cause of dualistic appearance
gnyug mai sems;

gnyug sems fundamental mind
gnyis su byar med {C}advaidhkra gnyug rlung fundamental wind

{C}not divided
gnyug sems fundamental mind;
primordial mind
gnyis su dbyer {C}advaidhkra
{C}not divided
gnyen {LCh,MSA}bandhu; {LCh}mitra
relative; friend
gnyis su med {MV}advaya non-dual
gnyis su med pa {C}advaya(t); {C} gnyen po {L,LCh,MV,MSA}pratipaka;
{MSA}pratipakatva; {MV}vipaka; {MSA}
prtipakika antidote; counteragents
advitya non-dual; non-duality {C}without a

second
gnyen po kun tu spyod
gnyis su med pa shes pa {N}
pai stobs {PH}the power of the properly applied

antidote
advaya-vijna; {C}advaya-anvaya-jna nondualistic cognition{N} {C}subsequent cognition
244
gnyen po skor dgu nine cycles of
sgom bsgoms sgoms {MSA}prtipakikamanaskra-bhvan cultivate antidotal mental

contemplation
antidotes
gnyen po bskyed pa
gnyen po yin pa {MV}pratipakatva
antidotal
gnyen po yongs su grib
pratipakopagama production of antidotes
gnyen po sgom pa
pa {MSA}pratipaka-parihi diminishment of
antidotes
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {MV,MSA}
pratipaka-bhvan; {MV,MSA}pratipakasya
bhvan cultivate antidotes; cultivation of
antidotes
gnyen po la ldem por
achieving
gnyen poi chos {MSA}prtipakika ...
dgongs pa pratipakbhisadhi indirectly

intending an antidote; intending an antidote
gnyen po sgrub pa antidotal

gnyen po bsgom pa
dharma antidotal phenomenon/doctrine
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {MV}
pratipaka-bhvan; {MV}pratipakasya bhvan

cultivate antidote
gnyen po nyid {C}pratipakatva;
{MSA}pratipakat antidotal {C}process of

counteracting
pratipakrtha-yoga having an antidotal object
gnyen poi rnam pa bsgom
pa bsgom sgom bsgoms

sgoms {MSA}pratipakkra-bhvana cultivate
the aspects of antidotes; cultivate the antidotes
gnyen po phun
sum tshogs pa dang ldan pa {MSA}pratipakasapatti-yoga endowed with marvellous
antidotes
gnyen poi dbye ba {MSA}

pratipaka-bheda division of antidotes
gnyen po phyogs kyi
gzhi shes nimittagrahaapratipakaparighta

pratipakabhtam vastujnam knower of bases
that is classed as an antidote/ knower of bases
classed as an antidote/ knower of bases conjoined
with the antidote to apprehension of signs that
is classed as an antidote (mtshan dzin gyi gnyen
pos zin pai gnyen po phyogs kyi gzhi shes)
gnyen po yid la byed pa
gnyen poi tshogs sgrub
achieving through the collection of antidotes
gnyen bshegs tshogs {C}jtisagho {C}the host of kinsmen
gnyen bshes {C}mitra; {MSA}bandhu

{C}friend; teacher
gnyen bshes byams
pa dang dra bar {C}snigdha-svajanavat {C}as

if they were their own beloved relatives
prtipakika-manaskra antidotal mental

contemplation
gnyen po yid la
gnyen poi mtha {MV}pratipaknta
gnyen poi don ldan pa {MV}
nyid {MSA}pratipakrahitatva non-freedom

from antidotes
bsgom
pratipaka-balin having antidotal power {C}

strong in resisting the enemy
antidotal limit; extreme antidote
gnyen po dang ma bral ba
byed pa bsgom pa
gnyen poi stobs can {C}
245
gnyer {MSA}artha purpose; sake (of)

gnyom po {PH}moderate
dwelling wind
moderate climate
mnyan
mnyan/
mnyan/ mnyand/ myand/ {LCh}ravaa (1) listen

(equivalent to nyan pa); (2) boat
mnyan thos kyi sgom lam
chung ngui chung ngu nas chen poi chen poi chen
poi bar dgu the nine ranging from the small of
the small up to the great of the great of a Hearer
path of meditation
mnyam pa {LCh,C,MV,MSA}sama; {MSA}

samna equal; similar; alike; same {C}same
as; equal to
mnyam pa nyid {C,MSA}samat; {C}

samatva; {MSA}samnat equality; sameness;
similarity {C}self-identity
mnyam pa nyid kyi rnam

pa sgom pa bsgom sgom
bsgoms sgoms {MSA}samatkra-bhvana
cultivate the aspect of equality
mnyan du ongs come to listen

mnyan na dga zhing {C}ravaya mnyam pa nyid kyi ye shes
{MSA}samat-jna exalted wisdom of equality
{C}delightful when being heard
mnyan pa {C}nviko; {C}oti; {C,MSA}
mnyam pa nyid kyi bsam pa
ravaa; {C}sama (1) boatman; (2) listen {C}

hear; learn; hearing; ferry-man; sailor; same; like;
smooth
{MSA}samataya thought of equality
mnyam pa nyid du gyur ba

{MSA}samat-gamana become equal
mnyan pa dang dad par bya
mnyam pa nyid du jug pa
{C}rotavya; {C}na rotavya masyante listen

and believe {C}should listen; decided not to
listen
{MSA}samat-pravtti enter into equality
mnyam {C,MV}sama; {C}samna; {C,MSA}
tulya equal; equality; similar; alike; same {C}

same as; self identical; identical; even; smooth;
something like; likewise; equally; being truly;
comparable; as if it were just
mnyam rjes gnyis
{PH}the two
meditative equipoise and subsequent attainment
mnyam nyid equality; sameness

mnyam du {C}samam equally; together
viewing sameness; view of equality {C}vision

of sameness
mnyam pa nyid
du lta ba yid la byed pa blta lta

bltas ltos {MSA}samateka-manaskra mental
contemplation in terms of viewing equality
{MSA}samatbhiprya thinking of sameness; in

consideration of sameness; thinking of equality
mnyam du byung ba
mnyam pa nyid las {C}samantt
byung byung byung byung {MV}samotpatti
{C}completely; on all sides; all the
mnyam pa dang mnyam pas
arise together
mnyam du gsungs equally said
{C}sama-same (=tulya-prama) exactly equal

{C}the same in the self-identical realm of dharma;
arranged one by one in regular succession
(that ...)
blta lta bltas ltos {C}samat-darana
mnyam pa nyid la dgongs pa
{C}impartially
mnyam gnas kyi rlung fire-
mnyam pa nyid du lta ba
246
mnyam pa dang mi mnyam
meditation
pas {C}sama-viamena equal and unequal;

similar and dissimilar {C}in an irregular way
mnyam pa med pa {C}apratisamat

unequalled; dissimilar
mnyam pai sems nyid {MSA}
samhita; {C}sampanna meditative

equipoise{Gn-chok}; compose the mind for
meditation {C}collected; concentrated (on);
composed; obtained; immersed in; entered into
mnyam par jug cing {C}
samavahita (=vikept kta-pratkratvena)

entering into equality {C}they do meet
mnyam par bzhag pa
mnyam par jog {MSA}samdh
ma yin pa {MSA}asamhita not in meditative

equipoise
[equal-ly-set]; setting in equipoise; compose
mind for meditation
mnyam par jog pa {MSA}
samdh; samdhna [equal-ly-set]; setting in

equipoise; compose mind for meditation {PH}
setting in equipoise [the 9th mental abiding (sems
gnas)]
mnyam par jog par byed
{MSA}(samdh): samdadhti setting in

equipoise
mnyam par bzhag
par jog pa {MSA}samavadhna setting in

mnyam pas {C}pramatva measures

mnyam sbyor sbyar sbyor
mnyam par ma gzhag {C}
sbyard sbyord union
mnyam med {MSA}asama; {N}atula
asamhita not in meditative equipoise {C}

unconcentrated
mnyam par ma bzhag {C}
unequalled{N}
mnyam med zas gtsang
asamhita not in meditative equipoise {C}

unconcentrated
sras po {PH}the unequalled son of uddhodana
mnyam par ma bzhag pa
{C,MSA}asamhita not in meditative equipoise

{C}unconcentrated
meditative equipoise; compose the mind for
sampadyanat (=sampatti); {C}sampadyanat

(=sampatti) meditative equipoise {C}
attainment
{L}samdhyante meditate; engage in meditation
mnyam par zhog samdh
mnyam par bzhag par {C}
mnyam par zung du jug pa

sama-prpta obtain equality
mnyam par bzhag {C}samhita
mnyam par bzhag pa {L,MSA}
{C}
evenly
mnyam par thob na
meditative equipoise; compose the mind for

meditation
meditative equipoise{Gn-chok}; compose the

mind for meditation {C}collected; concentrated
(on); composed
sama-cittat; {MSA}samna-cittat equal mind;

{T} equal mindedness (?)
mnyam par {C}samam equally
mnyam par gzhag pa samdh
mnyam rdzogs equal and complete

mnyam gzhag samhita meditative
equipoise; contemplative equipoise
mnyam gzhag ye shes samhitajna exalted wisdom of meditative equipoise
247
mnyam bzhag {L}samhita meditative

equipoise
mnyam bzhag thun gcig
mnyes par byed {MV}rgaa
mnyam bzhag nam mkha
please; delight
lta bu space-like meditative equipoise
mnyam bzhag rnam mkha

lta bu spacelike meditative equipoise
mnyam bzhag snang bcas

mnyam bzhag snang med
mnyam bzhag phung gsum
pa {PH}a third category of meditative equipoise
mnyes po interesting
mnyes bya phyir {C}rdhita
{C}
School of Tibetan Buddhism
mnyam bzhag tsam po ba
rnying ma pa Nying-ma-pa (Old
mere meditative equipoise
Translation) Order
mnyam bzhag yin pa {C}
samhita in meditative equipoise {C}collected;

concentrated (on)
mnyam bzhag ye shes samhitajna pristine wisdom of meditative equipoise;

exalted wisdom of meditative equipoise
mnyen {C}cru
rnying shos {PH}most ancient

rnyed brnyed/ rnyed/
brnyes/ rnyes/ {LCh,L}lbha; {C}labhate verb:

find; gain; discover7 noun: goods; property;
profit grasp; {C}acquire; get; receive; apprehend;
get hold of
rnyed dka difficult to find

rnyed bkur {PH}wealth and respect
rnyed gyur nas {C}labdh having
{C}slender; elegant;
elegantly; beautiful; sweet
{C}
soft; low; weak; supple; dull
mnyes pa {C}mnan honor; to please;
found; having gained {C}having obtained
delight; be pleased; delighted {C}take delight in
mnyes par dka {MSA}durrdha
rnyed gyur {C}vindati find; gain
mnyes par byas nas {C}rgya
{C}
entrance; discovers
rnyed thob
difficult to please
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}labdha obtain;

gain {C}taken; taken hold of; seized upon;
gained
{C}having pleased
mnyes par byas pa {C}rgayati
please; delight {C}accomplish; give satisfaction
{C}rgayati please; delight {C}accomplish;

give satisfaction to
rnying pa old
rnying ba {PH}old
rnying ma Nying-ma; Old Translation
snang snang snang snang meditative
mnyen pa {C}mdu; {MSA}snigdh
mnyes par byed par gyur
pleased; having found pleasure in
equipoise without appearance
mnyes par byas shing {C}
rdhita {C}pleased; having found pleasure in
{PH}one session of meditative equipoise

meditative equipoise with appearance
to
248
rnyed don object found
rnyed nas {C}labdhv; {C}prattya having rnyed pa yin te {C}labdha gained;

found; having gained {C}conditioned (by); had
got
rnyed nas thob pa
rnyed pa {L,MSA,C}lbha; {C}pratilambha
(=pratilbha); uplambha (sic){MSA}; {MSA}(

ri): rayate; {C}parpuati verb: find; gain;
discover; get7 noun: goods; property; profit
{C}obtains; acquire; acquisition; acquiring; to win;
will win
rnyed pa dka zhing {C}durlabhatva

difficult to find {C}being hard to get
rnyed pa ngan pa rnyed pa yin no ngan
rnyed pa legs par rnyed

pa yin {C}lbhs te sattvn sulabdh
{C}it is a gain for those beings, a great gain
rnyed pai don du {MSA}lbhrtham

for the sake of gain
rnyed par dka ba {C}durlabha

difficult to find {C}rare
rnyed par gyur {C}labdha find; gain

rnyed par gyur {C}labhate; {C}
labdha; {C}pratilabhate (=pratilapsyante) find;

gain {C}acquires; receives; gains; regains
pa rnyed de legs par ma rnyed do {C}lbh me

durlabdh na sulabdh {C}it is indeed a loss to
me, and not a gain
rnyed par gyur ba {C}pratilabhate
rnyed pa dang bkur sti
find; gain {C}acquires; receives; gains; regains
{C,MSA,MV}lbha-satkra; {MSA}satkra-lbha
gain and respect {PH}wealth and respect {C}
gain and honor
rnyed pa
dang bkur sti dang tshigs su bcad pa {MSA}lbhasatkra-loka gain, respect, and verses
rnyed pa dang bkur sti dang tshigs su
bcad pa dag gi ro myang bas {C}lbha-satkraloksvda experience the taste of gain, respect,
and verses {C}relishing gain; honor; and fame
rnyed pa dang bkur stii
mchod pa {MSA}lbha-satkra-pj offering of

gain and respect
rnyed pa dang bkur stis {C}
lbha-satkra gain and respect {PH}wealth

and respect {C}gain and honor
rnyed pas chog pai
bsod nyoms pa {C}prpta-piika {C}one who

lives on alms-food
rnyed ma thag tu {C}saha labdha
immediately/right/just after gaining {C}as soon

as he had gained
rnyes
brnyed/ rnyed/
brnyes/ rnyes/ verb: find; gain; discover7 noun:

goods; property; profit
rnyog pa
brnyog
rnyog brnyogs/ rnyogs/ {MSA}kluya to sully;
to dirty; mess
rnyog pa can du mi byed pa

{MSA}akalu-karaa cause of dirtyness
rnyog pa med pa {MSA}nikluyatva

unsullied; not dirty
rnyed pa dod {C}lbha-kma wish to

gain
rnyed pa legs par rnyed do
{C}sulabdh (me) lbh {C}how good it is; how

fortunate
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}labdha

obtain; gain; find
found {C}taken (hold of); seized upon
249
snyan {C}kara; {C}kvya; {C}priya ear

{C}poetry; poem; dear; kind
snyan grags yaas fame

snyan sgra {PH}pleasant sound
snyan dngags {PH}poetry
thos kyi bden pa mngon rtogs/ Definition: a Hearer
clear realizer of truth which is a path of release that

abandons the artificial afflictive obstructions
Divisions:
dbye ba/ nyan thos shes pa brgyad/ chos
shes bzhi dang rjes shes bzhi/ Divisions: eight
Hearer cognitions (four doctrinal cognitions and
four subsequent cognitions)
[It] is unrestrained by poetic

ornamentation. HHDL Long Life
snyan dngags kyi rig byed
nyan thos kyi sbyor lam drod
samaveda {PH}Samaveda
snyan jebs {MSA}valgu
{PH}sweet-
{PH}Hearer heat path of preparation
snyan du bsam nas {C}
sounding and euphonous
snyan gtad
samanvharati (=bhavaty-rpea-avadhrat)
snyan gtad/ gtod/ btad/ gtod/ [ear-focus] listen;

hear
{C}his mind is impressed by; consider; bring out;
snyan thos kyi sgom

lam rnam grol lam path of release of a Hearer
path of meditation
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang dren byed kyi bar chad med
lam gyi ngos skal gyi spang bya sgom spang nyon sgrib
spangs pai rnam grol lam du gyur pai nyan thos kyi rjes
la mngon rtogs Definition: a Hearers subsequent
clear realizer that is a path of release that involves a

state of having abandoned the afflictive obstructions
that are to be abandoned by the path of meditation,
these being the respective objects of abandonment
by the u

dbye ba/ 1 spang bya
Divisions:
rim gyis pai dbang du byas pa/ 2 spang bya gcig

char bai dbang du byas pa/ Divisions: (1) those
done in terms of a person who has gradual objects
of abandonment; (2) those done in terms of a person
who has simultaneous objects of abandonment
snyan thos kyi
mthong lam rnam grol lam

grol grold grol grold path of release of a
Definitions:
Hearers path of seeing
snyan pa {MSA}priya; {MSA}madhura;
{MSA}sukha; {MSA}kal (vc); {MSA}yaas;

{MSA}vara pleasant; sweet to hear; fame;
renown; glory praise; well-sounding
snyan pa dang mi snyan pai

sgra {MSA}varvara-abda pleasant and
unpleasant sound
snyan par smra ba {C}priya-vacana;

{MSA}priykhyna pleasant statement {C}
kind words
snyan par smra zhing {C}priya-
vditva speaking pleasantly {C}his words are

kind and helpful
snyan par rab grags {MSA}

prathita-yaas very famous
snyan po {MSA}priya pleasant; sweet to

hear; fame; renown; glory
snyam manyate verb: to think; consider;
imagine7 noun: thought {PH}[closing quotation

marker for a thought]; thinking
snyam bgyid lags so
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis I thought thus

mtshan nyid/ nyon sgrib kun
btags spangs pai rnam grol lam du gyur pai nyan
bring to mind; bear in mind; behave towards(?);

thinks to himself
snyam brnyas byed pa {C}
abhimanyati {C}feel conceited; feel superior to
250
snyam ste dpyad par byao ... I

think this, and it should be examined
snyam du {LCh}iti; {L}manyate; {C}tulan

thinking {C}think; comparing; comparison;
weighing up
snyam du dogs pa skye generate a

qualm; generate the qualm
snyam du med do {C}tulan not
thinking(?) {C}think; comparing; comparison;

weighing up
snyam du dzin pa
snyigs dus
{LCh}kaliyuga [impurity-of-time] degenerate
era; impure time
snyigs ma {LCh,MSA}kaya impurity;

rotten; cruddy {PH}degeneration; Degenerate
[Era]
snyigs ma lnga {MSA}paca-kaya
five impurities; five cruddinesses {PH}five

degeneration
snying {LCh}hdaya; {LCh}citta; {MSA}hrasvahdaya heart; mind
snying kha {PH}heart

snying khu fluidity
snying gai rtsa dab
gzung dzin bzung zungs the conception

thinking
snyigs pai dus
snyam du yid gnyis {L}vimati

doubt
snyam du re bar byao {C}
{PH}
channel-petals of the heart [cakra]
snying gai rtsa dab brgyad
pratikkitavya {C}one must expect; should be

expected; should expect
{PH}eight channel-petals of the heart [cakra]
snyam du rlom {L}mnya thinking

thought; respect; revere; venerable
snyam du sems {L}manyate thinking

snyam du sems pa {L}mnasa a
mind thinking ...
snyam du bsam nas {C}
samanvharati (=bhavaty-rpea-avadhrat)
thinking {C}his mind is impressed by; consider;
bring out; bear in mind; bring to mind; behave
towards; thinks to himself
snyams par byed pa {C}
snying gai rtsa dab
brgyad kyi rgyun {PH}continuation of the eight

channel-petals of the heart [cakra]
snying gi zungs {PH}strength of heart

snying dga bar byed pa {MSA}
hdaya-satui-kar make the heart/mind
happy
snying rje {LCh,L,MSA}karu; {C,MSA)
kp; {MV}kpat; {MSA}karuyamna; {MSA}

kruika; {MV,MSA}kruya [heart-foremost];
compassion {C}pity
snying rje khyab pa {MSA}karu-
pariyandayati think {C}moistens
sphuraa pervasive compassion
snyigs kali impure; degenerate

snying rje can {MSA}kplu
snyigs dus snyigs pai dus
compassionate
{LCh}kaliyuga [impurity-time]; degenerate era;
snying rje che zhing snying
impure time
snyigs dus kyi tshe
thung di nyid la in just this short lifetime of the

degenerate era
251
brtse ba kp-karuat great compassion and

pity
snying rje chen po mahkaru great
snying rje rtsa ba {MSA}karu-mla
compassion
snying rje chen po nyid {MSA}
compassionate roots; root of compassion
snying rje tshad med
mah-karuatva greatly compassionate
snying rje chen poi tshogs
pa dang ldan pa {MSA}karuprama-yukta

possessing immeasurable compassion {T}
sgrub achieving through the collection of great

compassion
snying rje zhing snying brtse ba
snying rje
{C}kp-karuat compassion and pity
chen poi gzhan dbang du gyur pai sgo nas sems

can gzhan gyis sangs rgyas thob phyir du rnam
mkhyen don du gnyer bai cha nas bzhag pai bsam
pa a thought that, from the viewpoint of having
come under the influence of great compassion, is
posited from the viewpoint of seeking [to attain]
an exalted knower of all aspects for the sake of
other sentient beings attaining Buddhahood
snying rje rje ltar {LCh}karua
snying rjei rkyen bstan pa

{MSA}karu-pratyaya-sadarana teach the
conditions of compassion
karu-viea attribute of compassion
snying rje dang ldan pa {MSA}
snying rjei ljon shing {MSA}
kruika compassionate
karu-taru tree of compassion {T}
snying rje dang ldan par
snying rjei bdag nyid {MSA}
gnas pa {MSA}sakaru sthiti the level of

having compassion {T}
kptmaka; {MSA}kptman compassionate

nature; nature of compassion
snying rje ni rnam
snying rjei bdag nyid can
par tshe bai gnyen po {MSA}karu vihispratipaka compassion is the antidote for
harmfulness {T}
{MSA}karutmaka having a compassionate

nature; having a nature of compassion
snying rjei phan yon {MSA}
snying rje rnam par phel
karunuasa benefit and qualities of

compassion (?) {T}
{MSA}kp-vivddhi impel compassion
snying rje ba {MSA}karuyana(ta)
snying rjei phel bar gyur
compassionate person
ba {MSA}karu-vddhi-gamana impelled by
compassion
snying rje ba byed pa {MSA}
snying rjei dbang {MSA}karu-vaa
karuyata practice compassion
snying rje bar byed pa {MSA}
power of compassion
snying rjei rang bzhin {MSA}
(karuya): karuyate practice compassion
karu-maya compassionate nature
compassion; pitiless; merciless; cruel
la brten nas tshul khrims dang bzod pa

bzod bzod bzod bzod {MSA}karunam
agamya sile ksantau ca ethics and patience/
forbearance/tolerance/endurance in dependence
upon compassion
snying rjei khyad par {MSA}
pitifully
snying rje med pa {L}nirdaya non-
snying rje
252
snying rjei bsam pa {MSA}
snying nas jug par byed
snying rjes bskyed
snying po {LCh,C,MSA}garbha
{MV}bhvena praviati engage in ...

wholeheartedly
kpaya compassionate thought; thought of

compassion
pai sdug bsngal bskyed skyed
bskyed skyed {MSA}karu-janita ... dukha
suffering/pain produced by compassion
({C}=madhya); {LCh,L,MSA}sra; {C}asrat;

{MSA,C}varti; {L,MSA}maa essence; {T}
matrix {PH}heart-essence; point {C}
enshrining; womb; embryo; place; seat; core;
substance; substantial excellence; lack of a core;
unsubstantiality; wick
bstan pai snying po gsal bar byed pa Illuminating
the essence of the teaching ...
snying rjes
byams pa khyad par du phags pa karu-snehavaieya{MSA} compassion is superior to love

{T}
snying rjes byas
snying po chen poi
pai sbyin pai phan yon {MSA}kp-ktadnnuasa benefits and qualities of giving
which is done with compassion {T}
gzhan dbang du gyur coming under the influence

of great compassion(PGP-78)
snying po dang ldan pa {C}sravat
snying rjes zhi la mi
{C}possessing a core
nye bai lam shes knower of paths that does

not abide in [the extreme of] peace through
compassion
snying po bsdus
sdud bsdus sdus condense the essence
snying rjes zhi
la mi gnas pai lam shes kpay ampratih

mrgajat knower of paths that does not abide
in [the extreme of] peace due to compassion
snying stobs {MSA,N}sattva power
snying po ma mchis pa {C}
asrakata essenceless; no essence {C}lack of

solidity; insubstantiality
snying po med {C}asrakata; {C}asraka

essenceless; no essence {C}lack of solidity;
insubstantial; insubstantiality
of heart{N}; lightness {PH}courageousness;

fortitude; (lit.) power of heart {GD:594}
intelligence
snying stobs sattva lightness; power of
heart {PH}courageousness; fortitude; (lit.) power

of heart
snying stobs can
bsdu
{PH}lightness
snying po med pa {C,MSA}asra; {C}
asraka; {C}asrakata; {C} asrata essenceless;

no essence {C}lack of solidity; insubstantiality;
(something) insubstantial; not (in) the core; that
which is without a core; lack of a core
snying po gsar par thob pa
na thob/thob thob thob

thobs {C}nava-maa-prpta {C}(when it is)
like freshly made cream
dominated
snying thobs can {PH}lightness

snying thobs can gyi nga rgyal snying brtse {C,MSA}kp; {L}anukampa
{Larson} vaikta; vaiktika; sattva ahakra
{PH}lightness dominated I-principle
concern; {C}pity
snying brtse che zhing
snying nas [heart-from]; from the heart;
snying brtse ba {C}kp-karuat {C}pity and

compassion
wholeheartedly; earnestly
253
snying brtse ba nye bar
bsnyond/ snyond/ deny; to tell a lie
snyond
bzung nas {C}anukampm updya apprehend

pity {C}moved to pity
bsnyon/
snyon/ bsnyond/ snyond/ deny; to tell a lie
snying brtse ba dang ldan pa

{MSA}kplu having pity
snyom pa {C}tulan think; thinking;
ba yongs su smin pai mtshan nyid {MSA}kpparipka-lakaa character of thoroughly

mature pity
snyom pa med pa {C}anikipta-dhura
ba {C}kp-karu {C}pity and compassion
snyom par {C}klamatha
make even(?); make level(?); equalize(?) {C}

comparing; comparison; weighing up
snying brtse
snying brtse zhing snying brtse
snying brtser ldan {AGP} kplu

{PH}compassionate
{C}persistently; one who perserveres; one who

persists in trying; name of a Bodhisattva
{C}weariness;
fatigue
snyom las byed par gyur {C}

kilsin {C}indolent
snyin po med pa yin pa {C}
snyom las med par {C}akilsin
asrika essenceless; no essence {C}lack of

solidity; insubstantiality; without a solid core
{C}untiring
snyoms
snyim pa {C}ajali {C}cupped hands

snyim pa gang {PH}a cupped hands

bsnyam/ snyoms/ bsnyams/ snyoms/ {MSA}samacitta verb: make even; make level; equalize7
adj.: equal; even
worth [of something] Having

picked up a cupped hands worth [of dirt], ... Toh.
341 27 Asoka
snyim par thogs te {C}ajali ktv

{C}having saluted reverently; stretched out their
folded hands
snye ma fruit cluster

snyed {C}iyat how much; however much
snyoms jug {LCh}sampatti
absorption; meditative absorption attainment
snyoms jug dgu nine [serial]

absorptions
snyoms jug pa samApattika

Meditators
snyoms jug pa {C}sampatti
{C}so great
snyed cig {C}iyat {PH}just how much

snyed dus pa na
a meditator Nihilist; absorption; meditative

absorption; Meditator [Nihilist] {C}attainment
snyoms pa {MSA}samat verb: make
du du/dud dus dus as many
even; make level; equalize7 adj.: equal; even
snyems {C}parmati (=m rpa-dy-
snyoms par jug pa {LCh,L,MSA}

sampatti absorption; meditative absorption
attainment
abhinivea-yogena grahr ity); {MSA}pratyaya

{C}misconstrue as; adhere to; handle; {VM}
haughtiness; pride; arrogance
snyoms par jug pa drug pa

snyems pa haughtiness; arrogance; pride
{PH}the six heretical sages
snyon bsnyon/ snyon/ snyoms par jug
254
lang byed nus pa dang one is able to enter and
arise from absorption{PGP 87}
labhati verb: find; gain; discover7 noun: goods;

property; profit {C}get to; get at; seize upon
snyoms par zhug so {C}
brnyes nas {C}adhigamya having
snyoms par zhugs pai tshe
brnyes pa {C}prpta; {MSA}upagamatva
snyoms par zhugs so
brnyon med du undeniably

bsnyad bsnyad/
found; having gained {C}when he has obtained;

when they have reached
sampadyate engage in; engage in meditative

absorption {C}enter into; enter on
zhug jug zhugs zhugs when

one has engaged in meditative absorption
find; gain; discover; get; goods; property; profit

{C}attained (to); reached
sampadyate engage in; engage in meditative

absorption {C}enter into; enter on
snyoms zhugs nas
snyad/ bsnyad/ snyad/ udbhvita{MSA}

emphasize; explain relate
bsnyad pa {C}pravyharati emphasize;
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C}sampadya
explain {C}declares; express in conventional

words
having engaged (in meditative absorption);
having entered into (meditative absorption)

{C}having entered
bsnyung bar gnas pa fasting

bsnyung
snyoms las indolent; indolence

snyoms las kyi le lo laziness of
bar gnas pa la sogs pas gdungs la they torment

themselves by abiding in fasting and so
forth{TSV 68a}
neutral activities
brnyan image (?)

brnyas pa

brnyas/ rnyas/ brnyas/ rnyas/ {L}parbhava; {C}
avamanyate; {C}avamna; {C}avamnan; {MSA}
avaj {C}vanish; disappear; defeat; conquer;
harm; despise; contempt for others
bsnyen
bsnyen/
snyen/ bsnyend/ snyend/ {C}sevate {C}tend;

resort to; serve upon; placate
bsnyen dka bar {C}dursada
{C}
hard to conquer; difficult to deal with
brnyas pa med pa {C}anadhimnan bsnyen bkur {LCh}satkra; {L}
paryupsana respect; reverence; veneration;

serve and venerate {C} honor; serve
{C}feel no undue sense of pride
brnyas par byed cing {C}
bsnyen bkur bgyis par
avamanyate {C}despise
gyur bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis

{C}apacyati pay respect to; revere; venerate
{C}pay reverence to
brnyas shing {C}kutsayati {C}contemns

brnyeg refers to; referent
bsnyen bkur bya ba {C}paryupste
brnyed brnyed/ rnyed/
respect; reverence; veneration {PH}object of
brnyes/ rnyes/ verb: find; gain; discover7 noun:
goods; property; profit
brnyes
brnyed/
bsnyen bkur byas (upa s): {MSA}

upsya; {MSA}upsana respect; reverence;
veneration; serve and venerate
rnyed/ brnyes/ rnyes/ {MSA}anuprpta; {C}
respect; object of veneration {C}honor
255
bsnyen bkur byas na {MSA}(pary- bsnyel ba mi mnga bai
chos nyid mnga mnga mnga

mnga {C}asamoa-dharmat {C}a nature
which is never bewildered
upa s): paryupsya; {C}upatihati respect;

reverence; veneration {C}furnish; serve upon;
waits on
bsnyen bkur byas pa {C}
/ bsnyel ba mi
bsnyen bkur byed {C}upatihati;
bsnyon
bsnyen bkur byed pa {C}
bsnyon du med undeniably{N}

bsnyon mi nus pa undeniably
bsnyon med du [deny-not exist-as];
paryupste respect; reverence; veneration {C}

honor; honored; obedient
mnga / bsnyel ba mi mnga ba not endowed with

forgetfulness/ not having forgetfulness
bsnyon/
snyon/ bsnyond/ snyond/ deny; tell a lie; disavow
falsely; lie7 noun: lie
{C}apacyati; {L,C}paryupste ({C}=upahita

= purakkhata) respect; reverence; veneration;
pay respect; venerate; serve and venerate {C}
honored; obedient; {L}honors; prsenter mes
services
upasthyaka respect; reverence; veneration; pay

respect; venerate {C}attendant; who attend on
bsnyen sgrub las gsum
{PH}
prior approximation; attainment; and actitives
undeniably
bsnyon btsugs accuse falsely; assert

falsely
bsnyon btsugs
bsnyen te {C}abhysanna approximate;
gzugs/ dzugs/ btsugs/ tshugs/ [lieset]; accuse falsely; assert falsely
near
bsnyen pa {C}sevate; {MSA}sevana
bsnyon tshugs
gzugs/ dzugs/ btsugs/ tshugs/ accuse

falsely; assert falsely
approximation {C}tend; resort to; serve upon;

placate
bsnyen par {C}abhysanna
bsnyon dzugs

approximate; near
bsnyen par gyis {C}sevate
bsnyon gzugs

approximate {C}tend; resort to; serve upon;

placate
bsnyen par bya {C}sevate
bsnyond
approximate {C}tend; resort to; serve upon;

placate
bsnyon/
snyon/ bsnyond/ snyond/ deny; to tell a lie
bsnyen par byed pa {C}anuvartate ta th ga ta tathgata [thus-gone] One

approximate {C}last long; pursue; follow after;
complies with; imitate; come to; go likewise; go
with
bsnyems pa haughty
bsnyel ba forgetfulness
Gone Thus [an epithet of the Buddha]
t shi {PH}[Chinese] monk

tam and; or; particle indicating question
i ka TI kA {LCH}k commentary
[tranliteration of Sanskrit word]
256
ting nge dzin gyi dbang po
Ti ka k commentary
ti la gyi bru {L}tlakaa sesame seed

i kka {LCh}k commentary;
{MSA}samdhndriya power of meditative
stabilization
ting nge dzin gyi dbye ba
{MSA}samdhi-bheda division of meditative

stabilization
ti kta gentiana chiretta [ {T} type of plant

(?); tranliteration of Sanskrit word (?)]
tig ta gentiana chiretta; [ {T} type of plant]

{D1}
ting nge dzin
gzung
dzin bzung zungs {LCh,C,MSA,MV}samdhi;

{MSA}samdhna meditative stabilization;
stabilization
byed do bskyed skyed bskyed

skyed {MSA}samdhim utpdayati produce a
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}samdhimukha door of meditative stabilization
ting nge dzin dang ldan pa
{MSA}samdhi-yoga having meditative
stabilization
ting nge dzin dang gzungs

ting nge dzin pa
samdhi-bala power of meditative stabilization
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}samdhin one in

samdhy-artha object of meditative stabilization
ting nge dzin gyi spyod
yul spyad spyod spyad spyod

{MSA}samdhi-gocara sphere of meditative
stabilization
ting nge dzin dpag tu med

pa gzung dzin bzung zungs
{MSA}aprama-samdhi limitless meditative
stabilizations
ting nge dzin yongs
su mi nyams pa gzung
dzin bzung zungs {MSA}samdhy-aparihi
thoroughly uncorrupted meditative stabilization
samdhi-vaa; {MSA}samdhy-dhipatya power

of meditative stabilization
{MSA}samdhi-dhra meditative stabilization

and retention {T}
ting nge dzin gyi dbang
par rtse ba {MSA}samdhi-vikrita play with


samdhi-lbha obtain meditative stabilization
{MSA}samdhi ... hetutva; {MSA}samdhyupaniattva cause of meditative stabilization
ting nge dzin gyi don
ting nge dzin gyis rnam
ting nge dzin thob pa
ting nge dzin gyi stobs
gyi ro myong bar mi byed pa {MSA}samdhyansvdana not experience the taste of

{MSA}samdhi-parihi experience/vision of
ting nge dzin gyi rgyu nyid

ting nge dzin gyi sgo
ting nge dzin
ting nge dzin nyams pa
ting nge dzin bskyed par
257
ting nge dzin la mnga ba
ton min pa
mnga mnga mnga mnga

{MSA}samdhi-vait sovereignty with respect
to meditative stabilization
{PH}subitist; proponent of
sudden enlightenment
tom jug vague involvement

tom jug gi mi ong ngo it will
ting nge dzin la brten pa
{MSA}samdhna-pratihita; {MSA}samdhisaniraya; {MSA}samdhi-sanirita in

dependence upon meditative stabilization
not come through some vague involvement
ting nge dzin gsum
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}samdhitraya three meditative stabilizations
ting dzin
gzung dzin
bzung zungs {LCh,MSA}samdhi meditative

stabilization
ting dzin gyi sgo
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}samdhi-mukha

door of meditative stabilization
ting dzin mang ldan
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}samdhi-
bahula having many meditative stabilizations

{PH}possessing many meditative stabilizations
ting dzin myur du thob
gtang gtong btang

thongs {C}utsjati give; treat; cast away; send;
let go; give away; let loose; play [an instrument]
{C}cast away; rejects; emits; cast off; cast out;
come up; let go; abandon; (would) discard; let loose
gtang ste
gtang gtong
btang thongs {C}avasjya having sent; having
given away; having let loose; having played
{C}having let go; having renounced
gtang ba
gtang gtong
btang thongs {L}srasana; {MSA}nikipta give;
treat; cast away; send; let go; give away; let
loose; play [an instrument] relax
gtang bar bya
gtang gtong btang thongs {MV}tyajana give;

treat; cast away; send; let go; give away; let
loose; play [an instrument]
gtad
{MSA}u-samdhi-lbhit quickly attain
meditative stabilizations
ting dzin gsum gyi spyod
gtad/ gtod/
btad/ gtod/ aim; focus {PH}aim; purview
gzhan gyi gtad du bai
yul spyad spyod spyad spyod

{MSA}samdhi-traya-gocara sphere of the three
meditative stabilizations
yul ma yin, [This] is not an object that is included

within the purview of others. {RGV-G}
gtad rgya {PH}entrustment

gtad pa {PH}aim; purview
gtad rabs {PH}hierarch
gtad rabs bdun {PH}[first] seven
til dkar nag white and black sesame

grains
tu accusative; dative; and locative particle: to;

in; as; -ly; at
te continuative particle indicating there is
hierarchs [in succession to kyamuni Buddha]
gtad rabs nag po
more to come in the sentence; sometimes setting

off appositives and usually indicating there is
another clause to the sentence
{PH}the [fifth]
hierarch *Ka/*Kla
gtad sao [aim-place period]; what is
to particle indicating period; {T} terminating
identified as the object perceived [in this case by

the misconceiver of a self]
particle (rdzogs tshig)
gtang
258
gtad so [aim-place period]; what is
identified as the object perceived [in this case by

the misconceiver of a self]
gtan {LCh,C}atyanta (1) intensifier:
completely; utterly; final; at all; forever; (2)

order; system {PH}completely; final
gtan gyi skyabs {PH}final refuge

gtan gyi don {PH}final aim
gtan gyi bde ba final happiness
gtan gyi mdun ma {PH}final
snang snang snang snang {LCH}hetv-
bhsa quasi-reason; pseudo/quasi/counterfeit

reason
{PH}final
objective
gtan du {LCh,MSA}atyanta; {MV}atyantam

completely; forever
gtan du dor ba discard forever; get

rid of
gtan du ba {MSA}atyanta; {MSA}
gtan dun gyi snying po the
essence of final aspiration {PH}essence of final

aspiration
khyad par gtan nas med pa ni ma yin te ...

but they are not utterly without difference ...{PGP73}
gtan mi gos pa la bad

strive at not being polluted at all
gtan mi srid utterly non-existent

gtan med {N}atyantbhva; {MSA}
atyantam asattvt completely non-existence{N};

utter non-existence{Gung-thang}
gtan med du gsungs

par song yang comes to say
gtan tshigs {LCh,MSA,MV}hetu; {MSA}
gtan tshigs thig pa hetu-bindu
{GD:841} Dharmakrtis Science of Reasoning.
P:5715, Ce, 364.a.7-400.a.7
gtan tshigs rig pa {MSA}hetu-
vidy knower of reasons; knowledge of reasons
gtan yongs su ma grub pa
grub grub grubs/grub
grubs completely non-existent{S}
tyantikatva continual
gtan nas utterly
Divisions:
dbye ba 1 phoygs chos/ 2 rjes gor/ 3 lodog
pa / Divisions: (1) property of the position
(paksadharmata); (2) positive concomitance
(anvaya); (3) negative concomitance (vyatireka)
{GD:275}
gtan tshigs ltar snang
concern
gtan gyi dun ma
kraa; kraam reason

ma nges pai gtan tshigs undeterminative reason
{GD:103}
259
gtan la phab

gtan la dbab/ bebs/ phab/ phob/
{LCH}niraya; {LCH}vinicaya [order-in-come

down]; settle; delineate; ascertain; finalize [e.g.,
translation of a text]; revise [e.g., translation of
a text] legs par gtan la
phab nas having settled well...
phyis rma
rin chen mchog gis kyang skad gsar bcad kyis gtan
la phab pao/ Later, M#a Rin-chen-chok revised
[the translation].with a new translation system {GZ
70a.6} yang
dag pai lta bas gtan la phebs pa dang through
settling it by means of the correct view and....{MSI
426}
gtan la phab par
bstan pai sde bstan ston

bstand stond {C}upadea discourses which
delineate{S} {C}Exposition(s); instruction;
advice
gtan la phebs pa
niraya delineate; settle; ascertain; revise/

finalize [e.g., a translation]
gtan la phebs/ phebs/ phebs/
gtam {LCh,C,MSA}kath; {MSA}brel
phebs/ niraya; vinicaya settle; delineate;

ascertain; revise [e.g., a translation]; finalize
[e.g., a translation]
yang dag pai lta bas gtan la phebs pa dang
through settling it by means of the correct view
and... {MSI 426}
pai gtam = skathya speech; converstion;

communication; talk; slogan {PH}instructions;
proverb; story {C}sermon; story
zab mo rten byung gtam talk on the
profound dependent-arising{DASI 522.3}
gtam de paNiD ta
rnams kyis snyan nas snyan du brgyud paitas
passed this communication from ear to ear
gtan la phob

gtan la dbab/ bebs/ phab/ phob/ niraya;
gtam gyi sbyor ba
vinicaya settle; delineate; ascertain; revise

[e.g., a translation]; finalize [e.g., a translation]
gtan la phebs niraya; vinicaya
{PH}rambling
tales
gtam ngag evil talk

gtam ngan [talk-bad]; bad talk; evil
settle; delineate; ascertain; revise [e.g., a
translation]; finalize [e.g., a translation]
gtan la bab par bstan
report
pai sde bstan ston bstand

stond {L}upadea discourses which delineate
gtams gyur {C}pariprita {C}filled

gti mug {LCh,L,MSA,MV}moha
gtan la dbab

gtan la dbab/ bebs/ phab/ phob/
obscuration; bewilderment; delusion; ignorance;

mental darkness {PH}obscuration; delusion
niraya; vinicaya settle; delineate; ascertain;

revise [e.g., a translation]; finalize [e.g., a
translation]
gti mug med pa amoha nonbewilderment; non-ignorance
gtan la dbab par bstan gti mug shas

pai sde bstan ston bstand
stond {C}upadea discourses which delineate
{C}Exposition; instruction; advice
gtan la dbab bya
cher spyod pai gnyen po spyad

spyod spyad spyod antidote for those in whom
bewilderment predominates
gting {C}gdha; {C}gha depth
{PH}that which
{PH}
depths {C}firm footing; foothold; bottom; bottom
nges pa gting nas drongs te
one must induce ascertainment from the depths
...{MSI 430}
is to be settled
gtan la dbab byai gtso bo

{PH}overriding concern; principle objective to be
settled
gtan la bebs pa
gting mtha depth {PH}depths

gting nas [depth-from]; from the depths;
gtan la dbab/ bebs/ phab/
phob/ niraya{LCH}; vinicaya{LCH} settle;

delineate; ascertain; revise [e.g., a translation];
finalize [e.g., a translation]
from the bottom of the heart
gting dpag dka ba {C}dur-
gtan la bebs
avagha difficult to fathom the depths {C}

hard to fathom; difficult to plunge into
pa; gtan la babs pa dbab

bebs phab phob {N}nicaya; {N}vinicaya;
260
gting btsugs
gzugs/ dzugs/ btsugs/ tshugs/ penetrate to
the depths; deeply penetrate
gting tshugs

gzugs/ dzugs/ btsugs/ tshugs/ [depth-
penetrate]; penetrate to the depths; deeply

penetrate
gting tshugs pa [depth-penetrate];

penetrate to the depths; deeply penetrate
gting dzugs

penetrate
{C}unincluded

penetrate
gtugs pa finalization; touch

gtub cing gshag pa {C}chedanabhedana {C}cutting up; breaking up
gtub pa
gtub/
thub/ gtubs/ thubs/ {C}bhidyate (=bhindati)
{C}breaks (up); is broken by; is broken
gtubs pa {C}bhinatti {C}breaks

gtum mo {LCH}cal The Fierce One;
inner heat; Fierce Woman
gtum mo phal pa
{PH}ordinary
inner heat
thur sel gyen du log pas gtum mo bar ba The
downward moving [wind] turns upward whereby
the inner heat is ignited. {TGP-36}
gter {LCh,C,MSA}nidhi; {C,MSA}nidhna
treasure; treasury; store-place {C}receptacle;

deposit
gtong
gtang gtong btang
thongs (ut sj): {MSA}utsjanti; {MSA}visjanti;

visjana; (kip); tyakta; {MSA}utsjanti; ; {MSA}
(sras): srasayati{C}utsjati; {C}kipati; {C}
nikipati (=ptayati); {C}ricati; {C}tyajati; {C}
avasjati; (vi sj); {MV}tyga; (ava k): {MV}
avakirati give; treat; cast away; send; let go;
give away; let loose; play [an instrument] {C}
let drop; put/throw down; lays aside; emits; gives
up; discharges; bestows; lets go; hurl; shoot; reject;
cast away; throw; move into; part from; spurns
gtong po
gtong ba
{PH}profligacy; extravagance
gtang
gtong btang thongs {C,MSA}tyga; {MSA}
parityga; {MSA}utsarga; utsjati; {L}hna; {MSA}
pratipdana; {C}dyaka; {MSA}da generous;
letting go; bestowal; forsaking; give; treat; cast
away; send; let go; give away; let loose; play [an
instrument] {C}renunciation; go to; dismiss;
abandon; let have; let in; admit; failure; decrease;
waning; loss; forsake; donor; giver
gtong ba rjes su dran pa
gter lta bui sems bskyed
recollection of generosity
gtong bar bgyid
mind-generation like treasure
gtang gtong btang thongs mucati send; give;

treat; cast away; let go; give away; let loose; play
[an instrument]; let in {C}sets free; sprout forth;
bstan ston
bstand stond [treasure-reveal] a revealer of

concealed texts and practices
gter ma [Nying-ma] buried texts

gto mkhan {PH}skilled in healing
gtogs {MSA}gata to include
gtogs pa {C}pta; {L}niha; {C}
gtogs pa ma yin {C}aprapanna
gter ston
nidhnopama like a treasure
parypanna included; to include {C}what

belongs; trustworthy; right; true; complete; end;
finaL, assign; classify; belong to; included in;
comprises
gting gzugs
gter dang dra ba {MSA}
261
to free
gtong len
gtang gtong
btang thongs [give-take]; giving [happiness]

and taking [suffering]; giving [what is good] and
taking [what is bad]
gtod
gtad/
gtod/ btad/ gtod/ {C}gamayati; {C}parndmi
(=pratyarpaymi) to focus; aim {C}lead to; I
entrust
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {GD:515}

metaphorical (as opposed to true, dngos);{N}
imputed
btags pa tsam du
{C}prajapti-mtram merely imputed; merely
designated {C}merely conceptual
btags pa tsam du yod pa
gdags dogs btags/
gtod pa {MSA}bhoga aim; focus

gtod par byed pa {C}arpa;
btags pai kun rdzob
gtor
btags pai tshig
brtags thogs prajaptisat nominal existent
{MSA}naibandhika bestowal; aim; focus {C}

procuring
thogs {MV}prajapti-savti imputational

conventionality
gtor thord gtord
gtord {C}avakirati scatter; spread over; strew

{C}strew; scatter over
gtor nas
gtor
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {MV}prajapta;

{MV}prajapti; {LCh}upacra so-called; impute;
imputed; designate; designated
{MSA}prajaptito sti imputedly existent;
imputed existent
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs designated

object
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {C}ksipati;

prajapti having imputed; having designated
{C}hurl, throw; reject; cast away; shoot; move into
prajaptadharma designated phenomenon{N};

phenomenon imputed
btags pa ba
btags par mdzad pa

btags par yod
thogs {LCH}prajapti-vdin Proponent of

Imputation
thogs {MV}prajaptita impute; designate
btags nas
btags par smra ba
btags pai yod pa

existent
certainty; not known
btags don
imputed word
{MV}prajapti-sat imputed existent; imputedly
gtol med dubious; uncertain; no
btags chos

thord gtord gtord {C}abhyavakirati having

scattered/strewn/spread over {C}strew; scatter
(over)
btags
262
btags pa; rnam brtags
gdags dogs btags/
brtags thogs {LCh,C,MSA,MV}prajapti; {C.MV}

prajapta; {N}parikalpita; {LCH}upacra; {C}
prakipta = prajaptam = adhyropita savtimtram; prajaptir imputed; imputation;
designated; designation; impute; designate;
hang; imputed [phenomena] {C}concept;
conception; nominal concept/existence; conceptual
entity; nominal entity; intimation; conceptual
existence; spread; conceived; arranged; placed into;
added on; put/thrown into; plunged into
btags tsam

prajaptimtra only imputed
btags dzin gyi rtog pa
yod/ 2 rang nyid gzung ba chos gzhan bzung ba

la ltos dgos pai btags yod/ 3 rtog pas btags tsam
gyis btags yod/ Divisions: (1) imputed existents
that are imputed in dependence upon another, their
basis of imputation; (2) imputed existents whose
apprehension must depend upon apprehending
another phenomenon; (3) imputed existents that are
merely imputed by thought
conceptualizations apprehending imputed

existence
btags yod kyi gang zag
btags yod chos gsum
btags dzin rtog pa
thogs conception conceiving imputed existence

{PH}conception of the true existence of subjects
(i.e., persons) as being imputedly existent
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs basis of
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs basis of

designation; basis of imputation
btags yul gyi steng nas

grub pa gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs existence in the object
designated
btags yod
gtang gtong btang

thongs {C}mukta; {C}utsjati; tirasktya; {C}
choritva; {C}tyajati give; treat; cast away; send;
let go; give away; let loose; play [an instrument]
{C}freed; rejects; emits; cast off/out; come up;
let go; abandon; (would) discard; excel, curtain;
through; across; having spurned; renounces
btang snyoms {C,MSA,MV}upek;
{C}upekya; {MV}samupeka equanimity;

indifference; neutral feeling; neglect {C}evenmindedness; indifference; even-minded
btang snyoms
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs prajapti-
kyi rgyu mtshan yid la byed pa {MSA}upeknimitta-manaskra mental contemplation that is

the cause of equanimity
sat imputed existence; imputed existent;

imputedly existent
Definitions:

mtshan nyid/ rang nyid ngos gzung ba la chos
btang snyoms dang ldan
gzhan ngos gzung ba la ltos dgos pa Definition: a
pa {MSA}upek-sahagata endowed with

equanimity; having equanimity
phenomenon whose apprehension must depend

upon apprehending another phenomenon
btang snyoms dug cing {C}
dbye
Divisions:
upekya equanimical {C}even-minded
ba/ 1 gdags gzhi gzhan la brten nas btags pai btags

thogs triprajaptisad-dharma three properties
of an imputed existent
btang
btags gzhi
tshang ba gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs triprajaptisad-dharmavikalya triply qualified imputed existent
{PH}the nine conceptions of the true existence of

subjects (i.e.; persons) as being imputedly existent
imputation
brtags thogs imputedly existent person
btags yod chos gsum
btags dzin rtog pa dgu

btags zhi
gdags dogs btags/
263
btang snyoms pa {MSA}upekaka

one who has equanimity
btad
btang snyoms tshad med
upek-aprama limitless equanimity;

immeasurable equanimity
btab
gtab/ debs/
btab/ thobs/ offer; cast; throw; plant; put; set;
give
btang snyoms mdzad {MSA}

upekyate practice equanimity
btang snyoms bzhag {MSA}
btab nas {C}parkra having offered;
upeketa; {MSA}upek equanimity
having cast; having thrown; having planted;

having put/set/given {C}scattered about in
btang snyoms bzhag pa {MSA}
btab pa {C}prakra; {MSA}ropaa; {MV}
upek equanimity
btang snyoms su byed {MV}
kipta; {MSA}smon lam btab pa = praihita

offer; cast; throw; plant; put; set; give {C}
scattered about in; strike; throw
upek equanimity
btang snyoms su byed pa
btabs na {C}pravrayati
{MSA}upekyata equanimity
btugs te {C}pratihpayati (=ghtn
{MSA}upek equanimity
btang ste {L}tirasktya; {C}chorayati
give; treat; cast away; send; let go; give away; let
loose; play [an instrument] {C}excel, curtain;
through; across; spurns
gtang
gtong btang thongs {C}avasjya having given/

cast away/sent/let loose {C}having let go;
having renounced
btang ba
{C}be invited
to choose; have to choose between
btang snyoms su bzhag pa
btang nas
gtad/ gtod/
btad/ gtod/ aim; focus
sthirkarat = vinyaset = (dadyt) pratihpayet

= nirytayec cira-sthitika ca kuryd ity artha)
{C}establishes; introduces to; builds; places;
deposits in; bestows
btung
btung /
thung / btungs/ thungs/ verb: drink7 noun:
anything for drinking
btung ba {C}pna drink {C}drink

btung ba zhim po {C} khdita-
gtang gtong
svdita {PH}pleasant drink
btang thongs {C}tyakta; {MSA}dna; {MSA}

pramoka; {MSA}mukta; {C}ricati give; treat;
cast away; send; let go; give away; let loose;
play [an instrument] renounced; part from;
spurns{C}
btud
gtang gtong btang thongs {C}anutsargat
btul nas {MSA}vinteu having
bow; pay reverence; pay homage
btul
gdul/ dul/
btul/ thuld/ {C}vinayati {C}disciplines
btang bar bgyi ba
disciplined
send; give; treat; cast away; let go; give away;
btul ba {C}vinta; {C}vinayati
let loose; play [an instrument]; let in {C}not

abandoned
btang bum par {C}paripaki
btul bya zhing {C}parkramati; {C}
{C}
parkramate {C}exert oneself; heroically

advances
{C}
clear
{C}
disciplined; educated; disciplines
fully baked
btang mi bra zhing {C}anela
btud dud btud dud
264
bteg pa
gdeg
rtag tu rgyun mi a chad
degs /deg bteg degs/ {C}utkipati raise; lift

{C}lift up; suspend; get rid of; throw up; take out
of; add to
bton
pa chad chad chad chad

{C}satata samitam (=satatam) always;
permanently {C}constant(ly and always)
gdon/ don/
rtag tu ngu sadprarudita the
bton/ dond/ cause to come out; expel; recite;

take out
rta {C,MSA}ava horse

rta glang du snang ba
Bodhisattva Always-Crying {PH}[Bodhisattva]

Sadaprarudita
byang chub sems dpa rtag tu
ngus phags pa chos phags mthong pa ltar ... It
is like when the Bodhisattva Sadaprarudita saw the
Noble Dharmodgata. {Toh. 5515}
snang snang snang snang the appearance of

horses and elephants{MSI 425}
rta can shes ltar {C}ava-jneya-vat rtag tu jug {MV}sad pravartate; {MV}
{C}like a thoroughbred stallion
sadvtti permanently engage in; permantly

enter
rta pa horseman; horsemen; cavalry

rta dbyangs Avaghoa Avaghoa
rta rdzi {PH}horse-minder; one who tends
rtag tu rjes su brel pa {MSA}

satatnubaddha permantly related; permantly
connected
horses
rtag {C}vata; {C}vatat eternal
{PH}
eternal; perpetual {C}eternalist views; eternity
rtag dngos thams cad
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}nitya-bodha

always thinking
rtag tu ston dang ldan
{PH}all
permanent phenomena and functioning things
rtag gcig rang
dhruva-kathana-yoga always connected to the

teaching
dbang can kyi bdag med non-existence of a

permanent, unitary, and independent self
rtag gcig rang dbang
can gyi bdag a self which is permanent, partless,

and independent
rtag gcig
rang dbang can bdag gis stong pa lack of being a

permanent, partless, independent self
rtag tu {C,TN,MSA}sad; {C}sad; {C,MSA}
satatam; {C}abhkam; {C}nitya; {C,MSA}nityam;

{MSA}nirantara [permanent-as]; always;
permanently {C}forever; at all times; constantly;
never; regularly; continually; constant; permanence
rtag tu khrul pa
med pai tshul khrims {MSA}nirantarskhalitala permanently non-mistaken ethics
rtag tu rtogs pa
rtag tu de bzhin pa {MV}nitya

tathaiva always thus
rtag tu sdom {PH}maintained vow

rtag tu brdeg {C}tati {C}beat
rtag tu byed pa {L}nitya-kra do
constantly
rtag tu sbyor ba
sbyar
sbyor sbyard sbyord nitya-prayukta continual

application
rtag tu sbyor ba yid la

byed pa {MSA}statya-manaskra mental
contemplation of continual application
rtag tu med pa {L}sadvidyamna;

{MSA}nitya nsti; {MV}nityam asat always
265
phenomenon
non-existent
rtag tu yid la byas pa yin
rtag pa nyid {MSA}nityat permanence

rtag pa rtag pa dus {L}nitya-klam
{C}sumanasikta is well mentally comtemplated

{C}well attended to
rtag lta
permanently{S}
blta lta bltas ltos
rtag pa rtag pai dus {NH}
{N}vata-darana view of permanence{N}
rtag lta spong
nitya nitya-kla; {L} nityakla permanent

permanent time
spang
rtag pa brtan pa ther zug
spong spangs spongs the view of permanence is

abandoned
rtag brtan gyi snying po a
permanent, stable, everlasting
rtag pa ma yin pa
permanent, stable essence {PH}permanent,

stable essence
{PH}non-
permanent phenomenon
rtag brtan ther rtag pa med {C}avata non-eternal;

zug g.yung drung mi gyur ba
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd permanent; stable;
everlasting; eternal; immutable
impermanent; not permanent {C}devoid of

eternity; not everlasting
rtag pai sku {MSA}nitya-kya
rtag mtha vatnta; avatnta
permanent body
rtag pai mtha {N}vatnta
extreme of permanence
rtag mthong ba {MSA}nitya-darana
extreme of permanence; extreme of
reification{N}
view of permanence
rtag pai dus permanent time

rtag par {C}sad; {C}sad; {C}
rtag pa {LCH}nitya; {MV}nityatva; {C,MV}
vata; {C}vatat; {MSA}sad; {MSA}statya;

avat permanent; permanent phenomenon;
permanence {C}eternal; eternalist views;
eternity
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ chos dang skad cig
ma ma yin pai gzhi mthun pa Definition: a common
locus between being a phenomenon and not being
momentary
abhkam; {MV}satatam permanently; always

{C}forever; at all times; constantly; regularly;
continually; repeatedly
rtag par bgyid pa
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}vatika {C}which

makes eternal
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 dus brten pai rtag pa/ 2 res ga bai

rtag pa/ yang na/ 1 yin pa srid pai rtag pa/ 2 yin
pa mi srid pai rtag pa/ Divisions: (1) permanent
phenomenon that abides all the time; (2) occasional
permanent; or: (1) permanent phenomenon whose
occurrence is possible; (2) permanent phenomenon
whose occurrence is impossible
rtag pa kho na only-a-permanentTenses: future, present, past, imperative
266
rtag par smra ba vata-vdin;

avatavdin Proponent of Permanence
rtag par dzin pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {N}vatagrha; {MV}nityatva-grha conception of

permanence{N}
rtag sbyor
sbyar sbyor
sbyard sbyord {LCH}nitya-prayukta continuous
application; continual application
rtag med {MV}asac ca nitya
{C}before it is stamped
rtags tsam {PH}mere sign; slightest sign

rtags tsam dzin pai dus
impermanent; impermanent phenomenon
rtags
brtag rtog brtags

rtags {LCh,C,MSA}liga; {L}nimitta verb: to
examine; noun: reason; sign; conceptuality;
thought; conceptual consciousness; imputation;
logical mark {PH}reason; sign {C}
characteristic; token; mark; {GD:697} evidence
rtags ma grub the reason is not
established don sgrub kyi rtags
sign proving the meaning
rtags kyi tshul gsum
{PH}the [degenerate] time of merely holding onto

the sign [of wearing robes as being Buddhist]
rtags dzin sems
gzung dzin bzung zungs liga-grahaacitta mind apprehending the sign
rtags dzin sems
su gyur pai rtog pa gzung

dzin bzung zungs conceptual consciousness that
is a mind apprehending a sign
{PH}
three-fold proof
rtags dngos
rtags zur snga ma the early/first
{GD:241} permanent real
entity
rtags snga phyi
part of the reason
rtags yang dag samyak-liga
{PH}former and latter
reasons
correct sign; correct logical sign {GD:249}

correct evidence
rtags snga phyi khas blangs
you have asserted/accepted the former and latter

reasons
rtags snga phyi song
song song song song you have asserted/accepted

the former and latter reasons; the earlier reasons
are forced by the latter
rtags ltar snang
snang
snang snang snang {LCH}hetvbhsa; ligabhsa pseudo/quasi/counterfeit sign/reason
rtags snang appearances that are signs
song song
song song the reason has been asserted/accepted
rtags bsal khas blangs
bsal sel bsald seld the reason

and thesis [consequence] have been accepted/
asserted
{PH}bottom; end; after; later
rting pa {C}pri (1) base; foundation (2)
brtags rtags {MSA}(anu k}: anvkita to

examine; conceptuality; thought; conceptual
consciousness; imputation
later; subsequent; next {PH}later; subsequent;

next; heel {C}heel
rting pa yangs pa {C}yata-prit
rtags phyi ma {PH}latter reason

rtags ma grub
{C}he has broad heels
rting yangs broad heels

rtul rajas activity {PH}dull; weak; inferior
grub grub grubs/grub grubs asiddho

hetu the reason is not established{D1}
rtags song
{C}heel
brtag rtog
rtags ma btab pa {C}anhata
dgod god bkod god state as a sign/reason
rting {C}pri
[of the clear light]
rtags pa
rtags rigs signs and reasonings

rtags su bkod pa
267
rtul pa {C}mduka dull; inferior; weak
{C}foundation; source; sustain; based; referring to
rten can {MSA}adhihna; {MSA}raya;
{C}soft; mild
rtul po {LCh,C}mdu; {C}mduka dull;

weak; inferior {C}soft; low; supple; mild
rtul por {C}mduka dull; weak; inferior

{C}soft; mild
rtul phod {C}vra hero {C}champion

rtul ba {L}vrata resolve; vow
rtul ba brtan pa {L}dha-vrata
rten cing {L}saniritya depending on;

based on; supported
rten cing brel par byung
ba {L,MSA,MV}prattya-samutpda dependentarising
firm resolve; firm vow
rten
{C}dhra based on; having a basis; based;

having a support; supported {C}foundation;
source; sustain; referring to
brten/ rten/
brtend/ rtend/ {LCH,C,MSA}raya; {C,MSA}

nirita; {L}niritya; {MSA}niraya; {MSA}
saniraya; {C}vy-apa-rayate; {MSA}
adhihna; {MSA}pratih; {MSA,N}dhra;
{C}dheyat; {C}pratisarati; {MSA}pratisaraa;
{C}tra; {C}gati; {MV}dhti verb: support;
depend; rely; noun: basis; support; base
{PH}foundation; stable basis; sanctuaries {C}
supported; in dependence on; leans on; based upon;
inhabiting; dwell on in the mind; puts his trust
in; flees back to; returns to; runs back to; shelter;
protection; going; route; destiny; resort; where it has
gone to; means of salvation; departure; si
The caretakers of Reting
explained the [various] sanctuaries. {GCG}
rten kun tu gro ba can {MSA}
rten cing brel bar byung

ba {LCH}prattya-samutpda dependentarising
rten cing brel byung {C}
prattya-samutpda; {C}prattyotpda dependentarising
rten bcas kyi mig dbang eye

sense power which is a basis
rten mchod foundations of worship

rten nye bar zhi ba {MSA}
rayopaama pacification of the basis
rten rtags yang dag
{PH}correct
sign which is its basis
rten brten support and supported;

residence and resident
sarvatragraya omnipresent basis
rten dkon mchog
gsum la doms pa guidance concerning the three

jewels which are the support
rten gyi dngos po {MSA}raya-
rten tha dad {MSA}bhinnraya

different bases
rten dang bcas pa {MSA}sraya

with a basis
rten dang brten pa support and
bhva thing which is a basis
supported; residence and resident {PH}support

and supported; residence and resident
rten gyi bye brag {MSA}raya-
rten dang brten pai
prabheda instance of basis; division of basis
rten gyi dbye ba {MSA}raya-bheda
lhai rnal byor deity yoga of divine residence

and residents
division of basis
rten gyur pa {C}dhra basis; support rten dang zhi dang jigs
268
rten brel
rten
cing brel bar byung ba prattya-samutpda
[depend-connect]; dependent-arising;
interdependence
pa med {MSA}pratih-nta-nirbhta basis,

pacification, and fearlessness
rten du {C}rayu based upon {C}basis

rten nas {L}niritya depending upon;
rten brel yan lag bcu
having depended on; dependent on; supported

by
gnyis prattyasamutpda twelve branches of

dependent arising
rten ni rung ba {MSA}raya-yogyat
rten med pa {MSA}nipratisaraa
suitable basis
baseless; without a basis; unsupported
rten gnas kyi sgra locative case [lit., rten mtshungs kyi mig dbang
term of dependence and place]
eye sense power which is like a basis
rten rnam par dbye ba {MSA}

raya-vibhakta division of the basis
rten pa {MSA}rita; {MSA}pratiaraa;
{MSA}pratiha to depend; support; basis; base

{PH}foundation; support; stable basis; base
rten pa dang ldan pa {MSA}
basis; is a basis
rten yongs su dag pa {MSA}
raya-pariuddhi thoroughly purify the basis
pratiaraa-sahagata having a basis; endowed

with a basis
rten pai byed rgyu {MV}dhti-kraa
creative cause which is a basis; creative cause of
a basis
rten par {C}niritya (=nimittktya)
rten la {C}pratisarati depending upon;
based on; supported {C}flees back to; returns

to; runs back to
rten la yod pa {MSA}raya-
sanivia {GD:486} residing in the basis

khrul rgyu rten la yod pa the cause of
a mistake residing in the basis {GD:486}
rtog
depending on; supported by
rten byung chos
rten gzhi basis {PH}basis; foundation

rten yin pa {MV}rayo bhavati be a
prattya-dharmodaya <div><font size=2

color=black>dependent-arising;</font><font
size=2>dependently arisen phenomenon</font></
div>
rten byung;
rten cing brel bar byung ba

byung byung byung byung prattya-samutpda
dependent-arising
rten byung;
brtag rtog brtags
rtags {L}park; kalpa; {C}kalpayi; {C}

kalpayati; {C}parikalpati; {C}kalpan; (para
i): {MSA}pare; {MSA}paraiti; prekate to
examine; conceptuality; thought; conceptual
consciousness; imputation; impute {PH}
investigation {C}reflection; mental consideration;
construction; thought-construction; body of ritual
rules; fashions; construct; imagine; imagines;
construction; imagination
rtog ge {LCh,L,C,MSA}tarka
argumentation; logic; perverted logic; reasoning

reflection; consideration
rgyu med par ni rtog ge dod
rten cing brel bar byung ba

byung byung byung byung prattyasamutpda
dependent-arising
rtog ge pa {MSA,MV}trkika logician;

Dialectician [Nihilist]; Dialecticians; logicians
269
rtog ge ba {N}trkika logician{N}

rtog ge bar ba tarka-jvla
Bhvavivekas Blaze of Reasoning
rtog gei spyod yul

spyad spyod spyad spyod {L}tarka-gocara realm
of argumentation{S}
rtog gei spyod yul ma yin

pa spyad spyod spyad spyod {L}
atarkvacara does not [belong to] the realm of
argumentation{S}
rtog gei spyod yul ma
lags pa spyad spyod spyad spyod

{C}avacara does not [belong to] the realm of
argumentation {C}inaccessible to discursive
thought
rtog gei yul ma yin {MSA}
rtog pa kho na
atarka-gamya not an object of argumentation
rtog gyu
{PH}fleeting thoughts
Fleeting Thoughts Betwixt
rtog pa bcad shes kalpan-
paricchinna-jna conceptual subsequent

cognizer
{PH}manifest
conception
rtog cing {C}avakalpayati; {C}vimati; {C}

pratyavekate conceiving; thinking; imputing
{C}accept; consider; contemplates; investigates
rtog bcas conceptual

rtog btags
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs imputed
by conceptuality

dbye ba/
Divisions:
1 mngon sum gyis drangs pai rtog pa bcad shes/

2 rjes dpag gyis drangs pai rtog pa bcad shes/
Divisions: (1) conceptual subsequent cognizer
that is induced by direct perception; (2) conceptual
subsequent cognizer that is induced by inference
rtog pa dang bcas {L} savitarka

conceptual; having conceptuality; with
conceptuality
rtog ldan la skye ba generated in
rtog pa dang bcas
the discriminating
rtog pa {MV,MSA}kalpan;
pai ting nge dzin gzung

dzin bzung zungs {L}savitarka-savicra-samdhi
conceptual meditative stabilization
{LCh,MSA,C,MV}kalpa; {C}vikalpa; {C}kalpana;

{C}avakalpanat; {MV}kalpayat; {MV}kalpayati;
{MSA,MV}sakalpa; {MV}jalpa; {LCh,MSA}
park; {MSA}nirka; {MV}pratyavek;
{MSA}vitarka; {C}avabodha; {MSA}mms;
{MSA}so sor rtog pa = prat conceptualization;
{PH}only a conceptual
consciousness
Samsra and Nirva contemp. poetry collection
rtog mngon gyur
conceptualized; conception; conceptual

consciousness; conceptuality; imputation;
investigation; conceptual thought; thought {C}
thinker; imagination; conceptualizer; conceptual;
to examine; ideation; (false) discrimination; noconstruction; consideration; reflection; construction;
thought-construction; body of ritual rules;
understanding; recognition; trusting confidence;
consc dngos po la yang
dag par rtog pa ni to conceive that things are
real{MSI-396} rtog pas
btags tsam gyi chos phenomena that are merely
imputed by thought so sor
rtog pa yid la byed pa mental contemplation of
individual investigation
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ sgra
don dres rung du dzin pai zhen rig Definition:
a determining knower that apprehends a sound
[generality] and a meaning [generality] as suitable
to be mixed
rtog pa dang rtog med gnyis

{PH}both conceptual and nonconceptual
270
rtog pa dang rtog med
gnyis ka {PH}both conceptual and nonconceptual
rtog pa dang rnam par rtog pa thams cad
rtog pa mi byed pa {L}anutpreka
spangs pai slad du spang

spong spangs spongs {C}sarva-kalpa-vikalpaprahatvt because of abandoning all
conceptuality and ideation {C}because he has
forsaken all constructions and discriminations
not conceive; non-conceptuality; non-
investigation inattention
rtog pa med pa {C}asakalpanat;
nirvikalpaka non-conceptuality; non-conceptual

{C}absence of representations
rtog pa dang bral ba {LCH}
rtog pa med la dpyod
kalpan-apoha free from conceptuality
rtog pa
dang bral zhing ma khrul bai dzin rnam

apprehender of aspects that is non-mistaken and
free from conceptuality
rtog pa dang
bral zhing ma khrul bai rig pa a knower that is

non-mistaken and free from conceptuality
rtog pa dang bral zhing ma khrul bai gsar
{MSA}kalpa-mtra mere conceptuality
rtog pa yang med
dpyod pa yang med pa {MSA}a-vitarkvicra;

{MSA}a-vitarka ... a-vicra non-conceptual and
non-analytical
rtog pa rigs shes conceptual

reasoning consciousness{N}
brtag par mi nus pa they cannot sustain these

conceptions
rtog pa la gnyis snang yod
rtog pa ni ngo bo nyid
pa conceptual consciousness having dualistic

appearance
du rtog pa {MSA}svabhva-kalpana kalpa

conceptuality that conceives ... as (having)
entityness
rtog pa la snang ba

snang snang snang snang {GD:398} conceptual
appearance
spang
rtog pa log shes kalpan-bhrnti-
spong spangs spongs {MSA}vitarka-varjan

abandon conceptuality
jna conceptual mistaken consciousness
rtog pa byed pa {L}utpreka
conceive; conceptuality; think; thought;

investigation attention
rtog pa ma mchis {C}avitarka nonconceptual; without conceptuality {C}without

thoughts adjusted; without discursive thoughts
rtog pa tsam {MSA}kalpan-mtra;
kalpa-nimitta sign of conceptuality; conceptual

sign
rtog pa di dag
rtog pa mi jug {MV}kalppravtti
pa tsam {MSA}a-vitarka-vicra-mtra; {MSA}

a-vitarka ... vicra-mtra mere non-conceptual
analysis
rtog pa yi mtshan ma {MSA}
du mi slu bai rig pa a knower which is new,

incontrovertible, non-mistaken, and free from
conceptuality
rtog pa spong
not engage in conceptuality; not enter into

conceptuality
271
rtog paam brtags
pai rnal byor

gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs conceptual yoga
or yoga of imagination
rtog pai jug sai gzhi basis

on which thought places a term
rtog par bgyid {C}utprekate
rtog pai snang ba conceptual
conceive; think; investigate {C}regard; observe;

compare; imagine
impression
rtog pai snang yul
snang snang snang snang appearing object of

a conceptual consciousness; appearing object for
thought
Definitions:
chos des snang tsam gyi sgo nas rig par bya
ba that phenomena which is cognized through its
mere appearing {GD:547}
rtog pai spros pa {N}kalpan-
rtog par gro ba {C}nicaya
gacchati conceive; think {C}moves toward

certainty in his understanding
rtog par bya {MSA}bodha conceive;

think
rtog par gzhog pa {C}nidhyna

{C}meditation
prapaca conceptual elaborations{N}
rtog par shes pa {MSA}kalpanat-
rtog pai blo
{GD:507} a realizing
cognition (which is not a valid cognition since the
criterion of novelty is not fulfilled)
jna conceptual consciousness
rtog pas btags pa
rtog pai zhen gzhi basis of
*kalpanprajpti imputation by thought
conceptual consciousness
rtog pas btags pa tsam yin kyi rang
rtog pai zhen gzhi yin pa
being the referent of a conceptual consciousness
gi mtshan nyid kyis ma grub pa only posited by

conceptuality and not established by way of its
own character
rtog pai zhen gzhir rang gi gnas tshod kyi
dbang gis grub pa established by way of its

own measure of subsistence as the referent of a
rtog pas btags tsam <div>just
pai don object that is the conceived object of

a conceptual consciousness; object that is the
referent of a conceptual consciousness
rtog pas btags tsam
imputed by conceptuality; only imputed by

conceptuality; that which is only imputed by
conceptuality</div>
rtog pai zhen yul yin
thogs mere imputation by thought; just imputed

by conceptuality; only imputed by conceptuality
merely imputed by thought{BJ 55.1}; {GD:89}
nominal
rtog pai zag pa dang
bcas pa contaminated phenomenon that is a

conceptual consciousness{Lati}
rtog pai yid la byed pa {MV} rtog pas btags tsam just
jalpa-manaskra conceptual mental engagement
imputed by conceptuality; only imputed by

conceptiality; that which is only imputed by
conceptuality
rtog par gyur pa conceptual

rtog par gyur pai sgom lam
conceptual path of meditation
rtog pas btags
tsam min par rang bzhin gyis gzhan dang ma dres
rtog par gyur pai
mngon sum tshad ma {PH}conceptual valid
perception
272
par rang gi ngo bor la gnas pa

abiding--by way of its own nature without being
merely imputed by thought--in its own entity
without being mixed with another
rtog pas brtags pai chos
gdags dogs btags/

brtags thogs {GD:108} imputed phenomena
rtog pas rnam par
bsgrubs pa bsgrub sgrub

bsgrubs sgrubs {C}vihapita (=abhta-parikalpaprabhavatvt) established by conceptuality;
existing conceptually {C}fabricated (by thoughtconstruction)
rtog pas mi shig {MSA}
vikalpbhedya not divided by thought
rtog pas bzhag pa posited by a

rtog pai zhen gzhir rang

gi gnas tshod kyi dbang gis grub pa
rtog bral {LCH}kalpan-apoha free
from being a determining knower that apprehends

a sound [generality] and a meaning [generality] as
suitable to be mixed
rtog med mngon sum ltar
snang snang snang snang snang

non-conceptual pseudo/quasi/counterfeit direct
perception/perceiver
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 yid shes su gyur pai rtog med mngon

sum ltar snang / 2 dbang shes su gyur pai rtog
med mngon sum ltar snang / Div.: (1) counterfeit
direct perception that is a mental consciousness;
(2) counterfeit direct perception that is a sense
consciousness
rtog med du gyur

pai mngon sum tshad ma {PH}non-conceptual
valid perception
rtog med yid shes nirvikalpakamano-jna non-conceptual mental

consciousness
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
from conceptuality
sgra don dres rung du dzin pai zhen rig dang bral ba/
Definition: free from being a determining knower

that apprehends a sound [generality] and a meaning
[generality] as suitable to be mixed
rtog bral gyi sgom lam path of

meditation devoid of conceptuality
rtog min mi rtog ma yin pa
{MSA}na kalpo npi ckalpa neither conceptual

nor non-conceptual
rtog med {LCH}akalpita; {MSA}akalpa;
akalpan non-conceptual {PH}non-conceptual
rtog med nirvikalpa; nirvikalpaka nonconceptual {PH}non-conceptual
rtog med ye shes {N}nirvikalpajna non-conceptual exalted wisdom{N}
rtog med log shes non-conceptual

mistaken consciousness {GD:543} deluded nonconceptual cognition

dbye ba/ 1 dbang
Divisions:
shes su gyur pai rtog med log shes/ 2 yid shes

su gyur pai rtog med log shes/ Division: (1)
non-conceptual mistaken consciousness that is a
sense consciousness; (2) non-conceptual mistaken
consciousness that is a mental consciousness
rtog yul kalpan-viaya object of

conceptuality; object of thought
rtog med kyi shes pa akalpan-
rtog yul na yod
jna; nirvikalpakajna non-conceptual

consciousness
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
pai rtags las ri bong can la zla sgras brjod rung du

rtogs pai rjes dpag rtogs
rtogs rtogs rtogs an inferential cognizer that
sgra don dres rung du dzin pai zhen rig dang bral
bai rig pa/ Definition: an awareness that is free
273
realizes that it is suitable to express the rabbitpossessor by the term moon
rtogs
of Dharmakirtis characterization of conceptual

thought
rtogs rtogs rtogs
rtogs {L}anubudhyate; {C}budhyati; {C}budhyate;

{MV}anubhud-; {MSA}adhigama; {MSA}bodha;
{MSA}bodhana; {MSA}gati; {MV}avagam; {MV}
(prati vyadh): pratividhyati; {MV}(vid): viditv;
{C}vindati; adigam realize; cognize; understand
{C}recognizes; wakes up to; find; entrance;
discovers
rtogs dkar
rtogs
rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}durbodha difficult to
realize {C}hard to know
rtogs chung
rtogs
rtogs pa can gyi mngon
sum rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs

savikalpakapratyaka {GD:359} conceptual
forms of perception
rtogs pa chen po great realization

rtogs pa brjod pai sde
rtogs
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C,L}avadna

narratives{S} {C}Tale
rtogs pa dang ldan
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}gatima; {C}
rtogs rtogs
gatimant {C}clever
rtogs rtogs {LCh,MSA,MV,C}adhigama; {MSA}

abhigamana; {C}budhyati; {C}buddha; {MSA,C}
avabodha; {C}avabodhana; {C}pratibodha; {MSA}
boddh; {MSA}bodha; {MSA}vibodha; {MV}
anubudhyana; {MV}anubodha; {MV}pravea;
{C}pratiparsran; {C,MSA}pratividdha; {MSA}
prativedha; {C}pr realization; realize; cognize;
understand {C}obtained; understood; able
to make progress; penetrated to; penetrates to;
penetration; time; epoch; re-union; sacrament;
understanding; recognition; wake up to; reach
understanding; investigation; wisdom; insight
rtogs pa dka ba
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs savikalpa constructively

determined {GD:482}; determinate perceptions
{GD:494}
gyis rtogs rtogs rtogs

rtogs {MSA}alpendhigamena because of only
realizing a little
rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}buddhitva; {MSA}(anv

k}: anvkya; {MSA}(prati vyadh): pratividhya
having realized; having cognized; having
understood {C}having known
rtogs pa
rtogs pa cung zad tsam
rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}alpvabodha realize a

little
rtogs nas
rtogs pa can
rtogs pa dang ldan pa
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}buddhimat

(=gatimat); {C}gatima; {C}gatimant; {MSA}
prativedhayoga {C}intelligent; clever
rtogs pa don gyi od gsal

realizational actual clear light
rtogs pa po
rtogs
rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}bodhaka realizer;
cognizer
rtogs pa phun tshogs fulfillment

of realization; perfect realization
rtogs pa phul ba
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}duranubodha

difficult to realize {C}hard to understand
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs offer realization, to
rtogs pa mngon rtogs pa sbyor ba pa

par brjod can gyi shes pa brjod
rjod brjod rjod abhilpin pratti kalpan
{GD:322} that cognition which is [characterized
by] words; this is Kamalasilas interpretation
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}prativedhapryogika one who applies (himself/herself) to

realizing
274
rtogs pa med pa
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs abaddha (=abodha?)

not realize; not cognize; not understand {C}
not bound
rtogs pa zung jug
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs realizational union
rtogs pa ring ba dang nye ba

{MSA}drntika bodha realize far and near
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs realizational doctrine
rtogs pai don
realize; cognize; understand {C}attain; arrive

at; reach; incur
rtogs par gyur ba
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}(abhi gam):
rtogs par gyur zhing
rtogs par brjod pai sde
narratives {C}Tales
rtogs par bya
ye shes jig rten las das pa

rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}adhigama-jna
... lokottara supramundane realized exalted
wisdom
rtogs par bya ba
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}prativeddhavya

realize; cognize; understand {C}should be
penetrated
rtogs pai
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}jnana realize;

cognize; understand
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs good qualities of
rtogs pai shes rab can
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {L}praj

having realized wisdom; wisdom
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}avadna

adhigama-la realized ethics; realizational
ethics
realization
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}avabudhya

having realized; having understood
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}adhigamrtha

object realized; realizational object
rtogs pai yon tan
abhigamyate realize; cognize; understand
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}prativedha-kla

time of realizing
rtogs pai tshul khrims
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}adhigacchati
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MV}gha difficult to

realize
rtogs par gyur
rtogs pai dus
{L}durvighya difficult to realize; difficult to

understand hard to understand
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}bodha-
rtogs pai chos
rtogs par dka
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}durbodhat;

{MSA}bodha-pratibodha individually realize
viea feature of realization {T}

rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}anugacchati; {C}
pratividhyati realized; cognized; understood
{C}follow; conform; regain; approach; emulate;
arrive (at); pursue; follow up; penetrates to
rtogs par dka ba
rtogs pa so sor rtogs pa

rtogs pai khyad par
rtogs par
275
rtogs par byao

rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}ni tatra gangtavy
one should realize; one should understand {C}
one can/should be sure/certain (that); should be
quite sure
rtogs par byas nas
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {L}
supratividdha; {C}adhigama having realized;
having understood {C}well penetrated; obtain;
obtainment; attainment; getting there
rtogs par byed
rtogs rtogs {C}subodha easy to understand;

easy to realize
rton
brton/brtan rton
brtand rtond {MSA,N}pratisaraa rely; trust;
have faith
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}budhyaka; {C}
prativeddhavya; {C}kate realize; cognize;

understand {C}one who understands; should be
penetrated; surveys; views
rton pa {MSA}upastambha; {MSA}
upastambhikatva; {MSA}pratiaraa; {MSA}

pratiara-bhva reliance; rely
rtogs par byed pa
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}nirvedhika
dbye ba/ 1 gang zag la mi rton/ chos
Divisions:
(=nibbedhika? = adhigata?); {MSA}bodhana

realize; cognize; understand {C}sharp;
penetration; penetrating
rtogs par med pa
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}aprativedha
not realize; not understand {C}non-penetration
rtogs par rung ba
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}adhigama-
yogya suitably realize; suitable to understand
rtogs ba phul ba offer ones
rton pa bzhi {N}catvri pratisarani
realization
rtogs byed gyi blo
four reliances{N}
rton par gyur {MSA}pratiaraa;
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs imputing mind
rtogs gzhi
{MSA}pratiara-bhva rely
rton par byed par gyur {C}
rtogs
rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}bodhraya basis of
realization/understanding
rtogs zin rtogs
stambhayati rely {C}fix firmly
lta
blta lta bltas ltos {LCH}

darana; {MV}di; {MSA}dika; {C}dk;
{C}darin; {C}di-gata; {C}lokite; {C}
vyavalokayati; {C}kaa; {MSA}(sam-ud k):
samudkate; {MSA}phan lta = upakarekaa
verb: view; look; see; read; noun: view; false
view {C}spectator; one who can demonstrate;
one who sees; beholding; bound up with false
views; looking towards; looking upon; eyes; see;
views; behold; survey; consider; look down on
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs adhigatrthdhiganta;

adhigatrthdhigant realizes an already
realized realization; one who realizes an already
realized realization
rtogs zin ma nyams pa
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs nondegenerated realization
rtogs rigs types of realizations

rtogs rigs su gnas pa
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs abiding in

the type of realization
rtogs sla
rtogs rtogs
la rton/ 2 tshig la mi rton/ don la rton/ 3 drangs

don la mi rton/ nges don la rton/ 4 rnam shes la
mi rton/ ye shes la rton/ Divisions: (1) do not rely
on the person; rely on the doctrine; (2) do not rely
on the words; rely on the meaning; (3) do not rely
on the interpretable meaning; rely on the definitive
meaning; (4) do not rely on consciousness; rely on
exalted wisdom
276
lta khrid mun sel sgron me
blta lta bltas ltos Kay-drups

Manual of Instructions on the View: Lamp
Eliminating the Darkness [Toh. 5499]
lta ngan med
blta lta
lta ba mchog dzin
gzung dzin bzung zungs {LCH}di-
bltas ltos {MSA}akudi no bad views
lta ci smos {C}prg eva; {C} kuta punar

what is the use to mention {PH}what need is
there {C}how much more/less so; how much less/

more
lta dang bcas pai sems

lta dang bral ba
blta
lta bltas ltos {MSA}nirvyapeka free from views
lta ba di view; [bad] view

lta ba blta lta bltas ltos
{LCh,C,MV}darana; {LCh,C,MSA,MV}di; {C}

dika; {C}avalokanat; {MSA}apek; {MSA}
avekama; {MSA}kik; {MSA}ka; {MSA}
(pa): payat; {MSA}mi lta ba = nirapekin
view; [bad] view; viewing consciousness; viewer;
look; see; read {C}sight; exhibit; visible; act of
seeing; vision; being seen; his views (are upright);
have in view; looking lta bar byao
should/will view phu thag chod
pai lta unerring view lta
smos kyang ci dgos what is the need to consider
[literally, though looked into, what is the use/
need]
lta ba skyong
{PH}internalize the view [of

emptiness] Let
[us] speak briefly about how to internalize the view
[of emptiness] ... {HHDL; Key to the Middle}
blta lta
bltas ltos {L}di-nandana take happiness in

views; happy view
lta ba ngan pa
bltas ltos {MSA}kudi bad view

di-parmaraka conception of a [bad] view as
supreme
lta ba mthar thug {PH}final view

lta ba mthun pa blta
lta bltas ltos {MV}darana-tulyat concordant

view; concordance with views
lta ba drang por
blta
lta bltas ltos {C}dika right view {C}his
views (are upright); have in view
lta ba drang por byas pa
277
blta lta bltas ltos {MSA}di-jukaraa make [ones] views correct
lta ba rnam pa
blta lta
bltas ltos {L}di-prakra aspects of views;

various views
lta ba rnam par dag pa
blta lta bltas ltos {MSA}viuddha-di

pure views
lta ba rnam par spyod pa
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}di-
vicarita enjoy views; practice views {C}

wandering about in false views
lta ba phun sum tshogs pa
blta lta bltas ltos {MV}disampanna marvellous views; correct views

{C}one who has reached sound views
lta ba phra rtogs
blta lta
lta ba mchog tu dzin
lta ba nyon mongs can
blta lta bltas ltos di-saklea

afflicted view
kyis blta lta bltas ltos {C}

speka-citta mind that has views {C}in his
heart longing for
lta ba dga ba
parmara; diparmara misapprehension of

a view as supreme; conception of a [bad] view as
supreme; misapprehension of the supreme
blta
lta bltas ltos {MSA}tanu-di-bodha realize the

subtle view
lta ba med
blta lta bltas

ltos {C}anapekako; {C}anapekata not view;
not look; without views {C}unconcerned;
disregard
lta ba med pa
Distinguishing the View, the Moonlight of the

Essential points of the Best Vehicle. Varanasi: Sakya
Press, 1988.
blta lta
bltas ltos {MSA}nirapeka not view; not look;

without views
lta ba med pa yin
lta bar gyur pa
blta lta
bltas ltos {C}di-gata; {C}di-gatni view;
look {C}bound up with false views; what pertains
to false views
blta lta bltas ltos {C}anapekako; {C}anapekata
not view; not look; without views {C}
lta bar gyur pa
unconcerned; disregard
lta ba la dga ba
drug cu rtsa gnyis po dag blta lta

bltas ltos {C}dvati-di-gatni {C}the sixtytwo views
blta lta bltas ltos {L}di-nandana delight in

views
lta bai gol sa {PH}faulty view

lta bai nyes pa blta
lta bar bya
ltos should be viewed as
lta bar byao
lta bltas ltos {MV}di-doa faults of views;

faulty views
lta bai gnyen po
lta bar byed
blta lta bltas

ltos {C}payaka view; look {C}one who sees
lta bar song ba
lta bai gnyen poi ye
lta bas os su gyur
blta lta bltas ltos {C}udkayo {C}worth

looking at
blta lta bltas ltos {C}di-gahana the jungle of

views{C}
lta bai dra bas khebs pa
kheb khebs kheb khebs {C}

di-jla-praticchanna {C}one who is enveloped
in the net of false views
blta
lta bltas ltos {C}nn-di-gatni aspects of

views; various views {C}various false views
lta bu {LCH}iva; {LCh,MV}upama; {MV}
upam; {MV}upamat; {C}sada; {C}tulya;

{MSA}-bhta the likes of; such as; for instance;
like {C}as; just like; similar to; comparable;
equal; like; as if it were
lta bu nyid {MV}upamat similarity

lta bu las {C}bhta {C}to be; genuine;
reaL, consists in; what is real; when he has; proper;

true; truly real; which really corresponds to
lta bai mtshan ma sel ba
lta bur {C}bha {C}like

lta smos kyang ci kim uta how much
blta lta bltas ltos {MSA}dinimittpakaraa eliminate/eradicate/remove/

clear away/avoid/exclude the signs of views
more; how much less; what need is there to ...

{PH}what need is there
lta bai shan

byed theg mchog gand gyi zla zer {GD:842}
Go-ram-bas (go rams pa bsod nams sen ge)
song
song song song {C}di-gata move toward

views; go toward views {C}bound up with false
views
shes thob pa thob/thob

thob thob thobs {MSA}di-pratipaka-jnalbha obtain the exalted wisdom that is the
antidote to views
lta bai rnam pa
blta lta
bltas ltos you should/will view
blta lta bltas ltos {MV}darana-pratipaka

antidote to views; antidotal view
lta bai thibs po
blta lta bltas
278
lta smos kyang ci dgos {MSA}
falling; drops
prg eva [look-say-even-what-purpose]; what

is the need to consider?; what is the use of
considering?
ltung ba {LCh,C,MSA}patti; {LCH}patita;
[look-set aside]; set aside consideration; no use to

consider
ltung ba thun mongs ma
lta zhig {PH}just such a one

lta zhog blta lta bltas ltos
lta la ci smos {C}prg eva how much

{PH}what need is there
lta la smos {C}prg eva how much
ltung ba phra mo {L}skmpatti

ltung ba bya ba med pa {C}
blta
anadhypatti not commit infractions {C}not

transgressing
lta bltas ltos {MSA}parkaka-jana person who

knows how to view
ltung bai rtsa ba {C}mla-patti
ltam pa polygon{D1}
ltar {C}bha; {C}upama like; thus; in
root infraction {C}root offence; capital offence
ltung bar gyur {C}pati (=patati)

fall; commit an infraction
accordance with {C}similar
ltung bar gyur yin {C}patati
ltar gyi in accordance with

ltar rgyu {C}tulya-bhta {C}become like
ltar bcos pa {C}prativarika {C}
(=anuprpnoti = upapadyate) fall; commit an

infraction {C}fall down; fall into; fall from;
drops
lte ba {C}nbhi navel; center
counterfeit; similar
{PH}hub;
center the [syllable] h in the
hub of the vajra
ltar nyan pa dang {C}praty-rvayati {C}listens; replies
lte ba dang bcas pa {C}sanbhika
ltar na in that case

ltar snang snang snang
{C}with navel
lteng ka dang mtsho dang {C}
snang snang pseudo; quasi; counterfeit; bogus
saras {C}lake; pond
ltar po
{PH}lump [n. of a stage of

development of the embryo in the third week]
ltas {LCH}nimitta directed; sign; omen

ltung {MSA}(pat): patati verb: fall; commit
an infraction7 noun: sin; moral fall; infraction
ltung gyur {C}patati (=anuprpnoti =

upapadyate); {C}patana fall; sin; commit an
infraction {C}fall down; fall into; fall from;
yin pa {MSA}asdhra ... patti uncommon

infraction
subtle infraction
lta shes pai mi
{C}patati (=anuprpnoti = upapadyate); {C}

patana; {MSA}pata; {C}praptitva verb: to fall,
sin; commit an infraction7 noun: fall; infraction;
sin {C}falling apart; fall down; fall on; fall into;
fall from; drops; offense
279
lto food; belly

lto skal {PH}tax-base
lto bgrangs {PH}full stomach
lto chas food
lto ldir bulbous{D2}
lto ldir ba bulbous
ltos med kyi rtags sign of non

viewing
lto ldir
ltos med du without depending;
zhabs zhum chu skyor gyi don byed nus pa bum pa
independently
yin par mi shes pai skyes bui rgyud kyi bum pa

zhes pai sgra tsam la brten nas skyes bui bum
dzin rtog pa a conceptual consciousness--in
the continuum of a person who does not know
that a bulbous flat-based thing that is able to
perform the function of holding is a pot--which,
generated in dependence on merely the sound
pot, apprehends pot
ltos gzhi basis of relation

sta gon enhancement; ritual enhancement;
ritual preparation and enhancement;
preliminary ritual enhancement
lto ldir zhabs

shum chu skyor gyi don byed nus pa bulbous,
flat-bottomed, able to perform the function of
holding water{D2}
lto phye che {C;L}mahoraga
{PH}

Under neath that [is] the five precious substances,
large-bellied demons shaped like boas said to be

the lords of the soil
{PH}tiger skin
five [types of] incense, satin, silk, a tiger skin, [and]

a stone mirror, ... D 3732; 68a.3
stag ri {PH}Tiger Mountain

stan {LCh,C}sana; {C}upstaraa cushion;
blta/ lta/ bltas/ ltos/
{MSA}(nir k): nirkase verb: rely; rely on;
seat; mat {C}throne; pulpit; coverlet
to view; to look; noun: view; false view
stan gcig
ltos nas {MSA}apekya [looking-from];
{PH}one session; single
session
with respect to; having relied; having depended;

having viewed
grub grub grubs/grub grubs apekyasamutpda existence in reliance; relative

existence; existing in reliance
ltos pa {C}apeka dependence; relation;
depend upon; rely upon; depend; relate; relative

(to); rely (on) {C}appearance; point of view;
regard
ltos pai rigs pa {MSA}apek-
stan gcig pa {C}eksanika
{C}one
who eats his meal in one sitting; austere and solitary
stan laang nyams {C}sana
280
{C}
seat; throne; pulpit
stabs in the manner of; power; force;

manner; mode; way
stabs gshegs {C}vikrnta
{C}
walks with the stride of
star
bstar/ star/ bstard/
stard/ clean; polish
yukti analysis of dependence; reasoning of

dependence
stag tshang lo tsa ba Tag-tsang-lo stag ras
lto phye chen po {C,L}mahoraga
ltos nas grub pa
name of a monastery in Tibet
tsa-wa [b. 1405], a Sa-kya scholar who disagreed

with Tsong-kha-pa on some central points
Mahoraga
lto ba belly
ltos
stag tiger
stag tshang rwa ba stod pa
stard
bstar/ star/
steng cha {PH}upper part

steng du [top-on]; on top of; in terms of;
bstard/ stard/ clean; polish
sti gnas
{PH}dwelling; a place to stay

[He]
newly established a very pleasant forested place
to stay. Tracy Howard; Thuu-bkwan; Amdo Garden
in addition to; related with [like the possession

of an attribute]; in relation to {PH}in addition
(to); in relation (to); in terms (of) dei
steng du ... In addition to that, ...
Poem
sting bar gyur {C}ullpayati
steng na on; with (?)

steng nas with {PH}on the basis
{C}
comically compliment; mock; tease
sting bar byed {C}ullpayati; {C}
sngo dzin mig shes lta bu nang sems
uccagghayati {C}comically compliment; mock;

tease; sneer; deride
stug {C}cita
kyi steng nas phyi rol sngon pai rnam pa gtod byed
kyi bag chags Predispositions that cause one to
focus on the external aspect of blue on the basis of
the inner mind, for instance, an eye-consciousness
apprehending blue, ...
{C}compact; well-developed;
thick
stug pa {C}ghana {C}(one) solid mass

stung {C}pati (=patati) {C}falls
stums byed monk; meditator

stums byed ka tyai bu las brtsams te bka stsal bai

mdo stsal stsol stsald stsold
sath-katyyana-stra; sathaktyyanastra
Story of Sathakatyyana Stra; Stra of
the Meditator Katyyana [Anguttara-nikya
V.224.28 - 329.19]
ste continuative or participial particle

steg cing {C}uccagghayati {C}sneer;
bsten/ sten/
bstend/ stend/ sevan{LCH} adhere to; rely on;
stay close to
sten cing {C}sevayati adhere to; rely on;

bster/ ster/
bsterd/ sterd/ give; bestow
of; stability; dam
stegs bu platform
steng upper; above
steng khang {PH}upper floor
steng khar [top-mouth-to]; on top of
ster ba give; bestowal; bestow

stong {LCh,MSA,MV}sahasra; {C}nyatva
thousand; 1,000; empty; empty of; vacuity
{PH}thousand {C}emptiness
{PH}on top (of)
sten
ster
{C}state; time
steng gi in terms of
steng sgo {PH}upper gate; upper door
two upper and lower openings{TGP 26}
stay close to {C}indulge in; cultivate
deride
stegs {C}avasth platform
steng phyogs {PH}zenith

steng og upper and lower
steng og gi sna sgo gnyis the
281
stong rkyang bare emptiness

stong bskal age of vacuity
stong khun {PH}eastern emperor
stong cha {L}nya factor of emptiness
stong nyid {LCH}nyat emptiness
stong nyid kyi gsal snang
stong pa {LCh,MSA,MV,C}nya; {C}
stong nyid
stong pa nyid {C}nyat; {C}nyatva
snang snang snang snang clear
(=utpda-hetu-vakalyena = tattvena-utpdaabhvt); {C}nyat empty; vacuity {C}

lacking; emptiness
appearance of emptiness
mngon sum du rtogs pai shes rab dang snying

rje chen pos zin pai byang phags kyi mkhyen
pa mkhyen mkhyen
mkhyend mkhyend exalted wisdom that directly
realizes emptiness and an exalted knower of a
Bodhisattva Superior who has been taken hold of
by great compassion
stong nyid rtogs pai lta ba
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs view
emptiness
stong pa nyid kyi lha emptiness

deity
stong pa nyid
mchog mngon par rtogs pa

rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}paramanyatbhisamaya directly realize the highest
emptiness
stong pa nyid rnam pa gsum
realizing emptiness{N}
stong nyid rtogs pai ye
{MSA}trividha-nyat three types of emptiness
stong pa nyid smos pai
shes rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs

exalted wisdom which realizes emptiness
stong nyid rtogs pai shes
rab rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs

wisdom realizing emptiness
stong nyid dam pa sacred emptiness

stong nyid bdun cu pa nyat-
rnam pas nyatvdkrea through the

aspect of speaking on emptiness
stong pa nyid gzugs so {MSA}

nyataiva rpam emptiness is form
stong pa nyid las

kyang gzugs gzhan ma yin te/ gzugs nyid stong pa
nyid stong pa nyid gzugs so/ {MSA}na cnyatra
nyaty rpa rpam eva nyat nyataiva
rpa form is not other than emptiness; form is
emptiness; and emptiness is form
saptati Ngrjunas Seventy Stanzas on

Emptiness
stong nyid zab mo profound

emptiness
stong bltar kyi don
stong pa ma yin mi stong min
stong thun skal bzang
stong pai ngang the nature of
yod pas stongs pa empty of existing the way it

appears{MSI 424}
{MV}na nya npi cnya neither empty

nor non-empty
mig byed Kay-drups Thousand Dosages,

Opening the Eyes of the Fortunate
emptiness
stong pai rnal byor emptiness
stong du gyur {C}bhjan-bhta
yoga
stong pai mtshan nyid {MV}
(=pautara-raddhendriya-di-yogena ptrbhtavd) become empty {C}one who has

become a fit vessel
stong gnas {C}nyvihrin
nyasya lakaa character of emptiness
{C}one
of emptiness
who dwells in the empty
stong pai ye shes exalted wisdom
282
stong par gnas {C}nyvihrin one

who abides in emptiness {C}one who dwells in
the empty
stong spyii phud
{C}1,000 apex; name
{PH}one million three-thousand [world systems]

(lit. ten hundred thousand three-thousand [world
systems])
stongs pa {C}nya (=utpda-hetu-
vaikalyena = tattvena-utpda-abhvt) empty
of a world
stong phrag {MSA}sahasra 1,000;
stongs gzhi nyatdhra basis of
thousand
emptiness
stong ba nyid nyat emptiness

stod {PH}upper [part]; first [part]
stong min nyid {C}anyatva {C}non- stod thung shirt
emptiness
stod dang og dang {C}
stong gzhi base which is empty {PH}
upardharya {C}above and below
basis [upon which] emptiness [is predicated]
stod pa
stong gzhi don dam gzhan
bstod/ bstod dam stod/ bstod/ stod dam bstod/
stong the ultimate other-emptiness which is the
basis of emptiness
{C}stava; {C}stabdha (?); {C}utkaraa; {C}

utka; {C}ananda {C}fixed in its place; exalt;
exalted; superior; praiseworthy
stong sang [empty-pure]; clear emptiness

stod par byed {C}utkarayati
stong sang nge ba [empty-pure-utter];
exalts
utter vacuity; utter clear emptiness
stong gsal empty and luminous

stong gsum {C}tri-shasra one billion
{C}tri-chiliocosm
stong
stong gsum gyi stong chen poi jig
rten gyi khams me mar gyis rab tu gang ba

gang gang gang gang {MSA}trishasra-mah-shasra-loka-dhtv agni-pratipre
the worldly realms of the million, billion
[world-systems] filled with fire {T}
stong gsum bum phrag
{PH}
one hundred thousand three-thousand [world

systems]
stong gsum bum phrag bcu

stod byed {C}utkaraa; {C}utka; {C}

utkarayati; {C}ananda {C}exalt; exalted;
superior; praiseworthy; exalts
stod lung pa
{PH}Tlung (Valley) [a
district near Lhasa]
ston
gsum gyi stong chen poi jig rten gyi khams {C}
tri-shasra-mah-shasra-lokadhtu {C}(great)
trichiliocosm; or the world system of 1,000 million
worlds
283
{C}
bstan ston bstand

stond {C}darayate; {C}dareti; {C}darin; {C}
nidarayati; {C}upadarayi; {C}upadarayati; {C}
upadiati; {C}deeti (=deayati); {C}deayati; {C}
paridpayati (=vistara-kathanena sakipta-arthapardpanm); (khy): {MV}khypayati; {MSA}
khyna; {MSA}kathana; {M indicate; teach;
demonstrate; reveal {PH}autumn {C}exhibit;
manifest; spectator; one who can demonstrate;
one who sees; beholding; demonstrates; defines;
exhibits; reveals; lighten up; is lit up; points out;
recommends; speak of; show; explain; expound;
make manifest; show to; give the impression that;
ston autumn {PH}autumn

ston ka autumn
ston kha autumn

The Jewelled Staircase Ascending to the Palace of
Great Happiness. (Collected Works) Delhi: Guru
ston gyi nam mkha autumn sky
Deva, 1971.
ston gnam {PH}autumn sky
ston pa tshad mar gyur pa
ston pa bstan ston bstand
establishes that the Teacher is a Person of Authority;
stond {LCh,C,MSA}st; {C,MSA}darana; {C}

darayati; {C}vidaran; {C,MSA}sadaran; {C}
sadarayati; {MSA}sadarana; {C}nidarana;
{C}upadarayi; {C}upadarayati; {MSA}
darikatva; {C}darika; {C}nyaka; {C}praayati;
{C}samprakayati; {C}scana; {C,MSA}de
verb: indicate; teach; show; demonstrate; reveal;
noun: teacher; teaching {C}sight; exhibit;
visible; act of seeing; vision; exhibition; have a
clear knowledge of; indication; show (up); hold up
to; instruct; exhibits; make visible; to illuminate;
reveal; explain; indicates; show forth; one who
shows (up); demonstrates; guide;
ston pa sangs rgyas
bodies
ston pai gnas
ston pa sku gsum teacher three
ston pa nyid
ston pa la jug pa dang
bstan ston bstand stond one enters

into displaying{PGP 86}
bstan ston bstand stond the teacher

Buddha
ston pai du shes su byed
pa bstan ston bstand stond

{C}st-saj discrimination of a teacher
{C}regard as the Teacher; the notion that he is in
the presence of the Teacher
ston par byed
ston bstand stond {MSA}deikatva; {C}daran;

{C}darana indication; teaching {C}have a
clear knowledge of; sight; exhibit
ston pa thugs rje can
bstan ston bstand stond the

compassionate teacher

bstan ston bstand stond {C}deayati; {C}dar;
{C}nidarayati; {C}nirdiyate; {C}upadiati;
{C}nidarika (=prasthna-pratipatty viearpea); {MSA}(abhi dyut): abhidyotayati
indicate; teach; demonstrate; show; reveal
{C}demonstrates; seers; defines; exhibits;
reveals; defines; one who reveals; is pointed out; is
recognized; is expounded; is explained; explain
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}sapanna-
ston par mdzad pa
dean-sapatti marvellous teaching
ston byed
sykes bur sgrub pai gtam bde chen khang bzang

dzegs pai rin chen them skas
bstan ston bstand stond {GD:840} Den-dar-hlaram-pas (bstan dar lha ram pa) The Account that
ston byed pa
dean marvellous teaching
ston pa phun sum tshogs pa
ston pa tshad mai
bstan ston bstand stond place of displaying
bstan
ston pa po {PH}teacher
ston pa phun tshogs
st ... prama-bhta valid teacher
284
bstan ston bstand stond {C}daraka {C}

ability to show
bstan ston
bstand stond {C}deaka; {C}deayati; {C}diati;

{C}gamaynti; {MSA}nidarika; {C}darayate
indicate; teach; demonstrate; show; reveal.
{C}one who demonstrates; announce; tell; make
intelligible
bstan
ston bstand stond {C}katheti (=kathayati)

indicate; teach; demonstrate; show; reveal {C}
preaches
durbal-karoti make weak {C}make smaller
ston zla tha chung {M-W} krttika
stobs yod cing {C}pratibala
{PH}third month of the fall rainy season (krttika)
{C}
capable; able to; competent
ston zla bring po {LCh} avayuja

(avayuja / avina)
stobs sogs sangs
{PH}
first month of the fall rainy season (bhdrapada /
bhdra)
stor
{PH}second month of the fall rainy season
rgyas chos rnams {MSA}baldi-buddha-dharma

the qualities of a Buddha, power and so forth
ston zla ra ba {Das} bhdrapada
stobs {LCh,C,MV,MSA}bala power; force;
strength {PH}power; force; strength strong

rang stobs kyis
mtha gnyis su dogs pai rig pa a knower which by
its own power has qualms in two directions
stobs kyis {C}balena through the force

{C}through the force of
stobs bskyed pa

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C,MSA}baldhna
{C}impregnation with the power; the operation and
force of his own power; exerting his own power;
assumption of the power
stobs can {MSA}balika powerful

stobs bcu ten powers
stobs bcus {C}daa-bala {C}he who
bala-vairadya power and fearlessness
{C}powerful;
(=apanyate) become lost {C}is withdrawn; be

captivated; partake of
stor bas {C}nitva {C}having lost it

brtag brtag rtog brtags
rtags verb: examine; analyze; investigate7
noun: conceptuality; thought; conceptual
consciousness; imputation; chapter
brtag gnyis The Two Chaptered (=
Arhat, the Perfectly Enlightened Buddha called the

Radiant King, the Elimination of All Evil Destinies
D 483 title
brtag pa mtha bzung du in a

hypothetical way
mighty; strong
stobs phun sum tshogs pa
brtag pa mtha bzung du lam gyi nus mthu bstan

pa yin na bstan ston bstand
stond if this indicates the strength of the path in
a hypothetical way ...{TGP 64}
{MSA}bala-sapatti marvellous power
stor bar gyur zhing {C}sahriyate
The Ritual Text of the Tathgata, the
stobs dang mi jigs pa {MSA}
tu stor ba = praaaka lose; loss {C}lost; be

lost; get lost
vimati; {C}kalpayati; {L}kyti inquiry;

investigate; analyze; examine; sustain {PH}
ritual text {C}construct; imagine; appear;
consider
{C}alpa-sthma {C}weak; weakling; of little

stamina; no strength
stor ba {C}naa; {C}praayate; {MSA}rab
brtag pa {LCH}park; {L}park; {C}
stobs chung {PH}weak; weakling

stobs chung ba {C,MSA}dur-bala;
stobs ma mchis par bgyid
{C}nayi lose {C}would lose
Hevajratantra)
has ten powers
stobs ldan {C}balavat
bstor/ stor/ bstord/ stord/
285
brtag par bya {L}park; {L}kyti to
brtag rtog brtags rtags {C}atarka
investigate; analyze; examine appear
not able to investigate; unanalyzable {C}
brtag mi nus pa {C}atarkya not
inaccessible to reasoning
brtan
able to investigate {C}incomprehensible;

inaccessible to reasoning
brtags

brtag rtog brtags rtags gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs {C}kalpayi; {MSA}

kalpita; {MSA}kalpana; {MSA}vicaya investigate;
examine; analyze; impute; imagine; designate
{C}imagines
brtags nas

brtag rtog brtags rtags
wa brtan/ rton/ brtand/ rtond/ {C}ddha; {C}

drhya; {C}abhidhy adjective: stable; firm;
steadfast7 verb: have faith in; believe in; trust
{C}firmness; covetousness
brtan chags
par gnas pa med na ni if one does not abide

steadily...{TGP 25}
brtan rnams {L}dhra-jeya steadily

cognized
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {C}vimati

having investigated/analyzed/imputed/imagined/
designated {C}consider
brtags pa

brtag rtog brtags rtags
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {L,N}vitarkita;

{MSA,MV}kalpita; {MSA}mmsita analyze;
investigate; examine; imputed; imaginary
imputed; designated; metaphorical expression;
figure of speech; conjecture; discursive thought
brtags pa
mkhas pa dzangs pas rig pa {L}nipua-paitavija-vedanya discerned by the wise
brtags pa tsam
brton
brtan pa
brton wa brtan/ rton/ brtand/ rtond/ {LCh,C,MSA}

ddha; {C}dhat; {L,MSA}dhra; {MSA}dhti;
{MSA}sthira; {MSA}sthairya; {L}dhruva; {C}
nirhi; {C}upastabdha; {L}raya; {L}vrata;
{MSA}yid brtan pa = vaivsika steadiness7
adjective: stable; firm; steadfast7 verb: have
faith in; believe in; trust {C}firmness; firm
position; eternal; steadfast; propped up; supported;
basis; receptacle; physical/bodily basis; body; based
on; by resorting to (as a foundation); foundation;
courage(ous); steadily wise; resolve; vow
brtan pai tshul khrims {MSA}

dhruva-la stable ethics; firm ethics
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {L}

kalpana-mtra merely imputed
brtags pai bdag nyid
thogs kalpita-tman imputed entity
brtags par dka bai

shin sbyangs brtag rtog
brtags rtags pliancy difficult to analyze
brtan par {C}dham; {C}dha-cittena

(bhavitavyam); {MSA}sad firmly; steadily
{C}should make his mind firm
brtan par mi gyur pai

rdzas yod gyur gyurd gyur
gyurd substantial existent in the sense of being
statically unchanging
brtags par sla bai shin
brtan po firm; steady {PH}firm; stable

brtan por gnas pa des
brtags mi nus pa
brtan byed {MSA}dh-karaa make
sbyangs brtag rtog brtags

rtags pliancy easy to analyze
mi rnyed la a steady dwelling is not gained by

that{TGP 25}
286
brten nas btags pa
firm; make steady
brtan med g.yo ba {L}adhruva
thogs imputed dependently
unstable; not firm
brtan zhing gnas par {C}dhapratihna {C}of high social position
brtan g.yo inanimate and animate;

stable and the moving
brtan g.yoi tshad measure of
brtun pa pha rol mnan

par bya zhing {C}parkramatay parkramati
{C}make an effort
brtul ba {C}vinta; {L}piayitv
zhug
jug zhugs zhugs {LCH}vrata conduct; modes of

conduct vow; resolve
{PH}holder of vows
of conduct (vrata)
brtul zhugs dzin pa
{PH}one
who holds the vows of conduct (vrata)
brten
brten/ rten/
rtend/ brtend/ {C}nirita; (ri): {MSA}rayet;
{MSA}rita; {MV}niri; {MV}sanniraya; {MV}
samri; {MSA}viraya; {C}upanirita depend;
rely; resort to; support {C}supported; in
dependence on; leans on; based upon; inhabiting;
dwell on in the mind; dependent on
brten gnas te {C}niraya
{C}
brten pa {C}niraya; {C,MSA}nirita;
{MSA}nirita; {L}niritya; {MSA}sanirita;

{C,MSA}rita; {MSA}raya; {MSA}pratihita;
{C}bhajat (?); {C}bhajati; {C}sevate; {MSA}
sasev; {MSA}sev; {C}dheya; {C}layo; {MSA}
uita dependent; supported; in the sense of
{C}support; refuge; one who resides; in dependence
on; leans on; based upon; inhabiting; dwelling on in
the mind; loves; attends upon; tend; resort to; serve
upon; placate; which are founded on it; reside; place
to settle down in; supported by
brten pa ma bor ba {C}anikipta-
dhura {C}persistently; one who perserveres; one

who persists in trying; name of a Bodhisattva
brten pa yin te {C}pratitihati
(=pratihate); {C}parinihita (bhavati) {C}

fly down to; return to; rest in; stand firmly in; base
oneself on
brten cing {C}ritya; {C}gamya

depending upon; relying on
brten nas {C}nirayitv; {C}niraya;
{C}pratya; {C}ritya; {L}niritya; {C}gamya

(=prpya =samprpya) depending upon; relying
upon {C}residing; conditioned (by); dependent
on; supported by; thanks to; resorting to; come to;
when he has entered on; come; return again; in that
he; because of; in the course of
brten nas gdags pa
gdags dogs btags/

brtags thogs {N}updya prajapti; {N}prajaptir
updya imputed dependently; dependent
designation
support; refuge; who resides
disciplined {C}educated; rolling into one lump
brtul zhugs pa
gdags dogs btags/

brtags thogs {N}updya prajapti; {N}prajaptir
updya imputed dependently; dependent
designation{N}
relative fluxation
brtul zhugs
brten nas brtags pa
287
brten pai chos dependent attributes

brten par gyur ro {C}pratisevate;
{C}pratisevati {C}pursues
brten par bya {C}pratihtavya; {C}
bhajati; {C}sevate; {C}pratitihati (=pratihate)

{C}should rely on; loves; attends upon; tend; resort
to; serve upon; placate; fly down to; return to; rest
in; stand firmly in; base oneself on
brten par byao {C}pratisarati one
is worth seeing
blta bya {TN}dya viewing{TN}

bltams bltams/
should depend; one should rely {C}flees back

to; returns to; runs back to
brten par byed {C}dh-karoti; {C}
ltam/ bltam/ ltams/ {MSA}nikramaa be born;

be full
bhajate make firm; stabilize {C}confirms;

sustains
bltams pa {MSA}janman be born; be
brten par byed pa {C}layo make
full
firm; stabilize; basis {C}a place to settle down

in
brten par mi bya {C}pratihatvaya;
bltar med invisibility

bltar med pa {C}adya
{C}
imperceptible
{C}pratitihati (=pratihate) {C}should rely on;

fly down to; return to; rest in; stand firmly in; base
oneself on
bltas
on {C}take refuge in
bltas pa {C}vyavalokayati verb: to view;
brten byed {C}rayati rely on; depend
brtogs nas; brtags nas
bltos pa {TN}adhikra view; point of
blta/ lta/ bltas/ ltos/
view{TN}
verb: to view; to look7 noun: view; false view
blta na sdug pa {C}daranyat
{C}
beautiful to behold
blta phyir {C}payanya
{C}in order to
see it
blta ba
blta/ lta/ bltas/
ltos/ {C}darana; {C}nasat; {C}avalokayati;

{MSA}avalokana view; look {C}sight;
exhibit; visible; act of seeing; vision; exhibition;
appreciation; surveys; see; cast back (a look)
should view
blta bar dka {C}durda difficult to

view {C}hard to see
blta bar bya {C}draavya
{C}one
should view; should be viewed; should be seen
bltos pa med pa {C}nirapekat
(=anapekaat); {C}anapekaat; {MSA}

nirapeka not view; not look {C}disregard;
unconcern
bltos sa place of relation; referent

bltos sa la bstos nas in
relation to a particular referent{T3-93}
bstang ba {C}sastava
{C}intimacy;
familiarity
blta ba byao {L}draavyam you
blta bar bya ba {C}dyam
ltos/ {C}avalokayati verb: to view; to look7

noun: view; false view {C}surveys; see; cast
back (a look)
to look7 noun: view; false view {C}behold;
survey; consider; look down (from on high)
{C}upanidhyyati {C}meditate (on); touch and

examine
blta
blta/ lta/ bltas/
{C}what
288
bstan
bstan ston bstand

stond {C}nirdia; {C}upadia; {C}upadea;
{MSA}anudea; {MV}di-; {MV}deita; {MSA}
darita; {MSA,C}nidarana; {C}prakayati;
{MSA}paridpita; {C}paridpayati (=vistarakathanena-sakipta-artha-paridpanm); {MSA}
(va): uanti; {C,MV}khyta; {MV}khy-;
{MS teach; indicate; show; demonstrate
{C}proclaims; reveals; shows; makes known;
explained; mentioned; declared; expounded;
pointed out; advice; instruction; exposition; definite
statement; definition; lighten up; is lit up; pointed
out; announced; proclaimed
bstan gyur
bstan du ma mchis pa
anidarana {C}undefinable; invisible; without

perceptible attributes
bstand stond [show-cause]; that which is to be

shown/taught/demonstrated; should be shown
bstan du med pa
bstan
bstan
bcos mngon rtogs rgyan grel pa dang bcas pai

rgya cher bshad pa legs bshad gser gyi phreng ba
{GD:841} Dzong-ka-bas (tsong kha pa) Extensive
Explanation of the Treatise of the Ornament
Together with its Commentaries, a Golden
Garland of Good Sayings. Bylakuppe, India: Sera
Monastery. Block.
bstan
bcos dbus dang mtha rnam par byed pa {MV}

madhynta-vibhga-stra Vasubandhus
Treatise on the Differentiation of the Middle and
the Extremes
bstan bcos rtsom pa composition

of the treatise
bstan bcos tshad ma rnam nges kyi ti ka
chen dgongs pa rab gsal {GD:843} Gyel-tsaps

(rgyal tshab) A Great Explanation of [Dharmakrtis]
Treatise, the Ascertainment of Valid Cognition. Part
I (Collected Works, VII) Delhi:Guru Deva.
bstan bcos la grags pa
bstan don phal pa secondary

meaning taught
bstan don gtso bo main meaning

taught
bstan na
bstan ston
bstand stond {C}daati bites{C}
bstan pa
bstan
ston bstand stond {MSA}upadea; {MV,MSA}

uddea; {MSA}upadeikatva; {MSA,MV}dean;
{MSA}deita; {C}nirdiati (=kathyamny =
nirdeum); {C,MSA}nirdia; {C,MV}nirdiyate;
{C,MSA}nirdea {C}(=niyatam = tasya te pratirpo
yam upadea); {C,MSA}apadea; {C}khyta;
{C}kh teach; show; demonstrate; indicate7
noun: teaching; taught {PH}one who is
oriented [a certain way] {C}view; false view;
being seen; exhibiting; exhibition; act of gazing;
definite statement; definition; teaches; speaks; says;
declares; what has been taught; aid; is pointed out;
is recognized; is expounded; is explained; explain;
exposition; desquisitio
bstan pa gal
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}upadeasya ...

virodhata contradiction of the teaching

{GD:158} reknown to [philosophical] treatises
pa lta bas phyi nang gnyis
bstan ston bstand stond {C}anidarana

indemonstrability {C}undefinable; invisible;
without perceptible attributes
ston bstand stond {C,MV,MSA}stra treatise
bstan dang ston
bstan ston bstand stond {C}
bstan ston
bstan bcos
bstan dar lha ram pa
{GD:840}
Den-dar-hla-ram-ba (1759-1840), a Ge-luk-pa
writer on epistemology
bstan ston bstand stond Translation of the

Treatises; complete collection of the Buddhist
commentarial tradition
bstan rgyu
bstan ston bstand stond Buddhist and Outsider

[are distinguished] by way of teaching, teacher,
and view
bstan pa nyid
{PH}indication;
implication; this very demonstration
289
bstan pa ltar
bstan yod kyi gzugs
bstan pa dang mi gal ba
bstan gsol
bstan pa dang bshad pa {MSA}
bstabs pa {PH}that which is offered

bstar bstar/ star/

bstan ston bstand stond in accordance with the
teaching
bstan ston bstand stond demonstrable
form

{MSA}uddevirodha not contradictory with the
teaching
uddea-nirdea teaching and explanation
bstan pa la jug par bya ba

{MSA}sanvatraa enter into the teaching
bstan pai tshig
bsti ston byed gyur na {C}satkarayi {C}would revere
bstun pa compare with; accord with

bsten bsten sten bstend
bstan ston bstand stond {MV}prakanyatva;

{MV}vyutpdana teach; indicate; show;
demonstrate
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {MSA}gha vi

enter into the teaching; engage in the teaching
bstan pha
bstan bya
bstan
bsten cing
bsten sten
bstend stend {C}upasarpati {C}got to
bsten sten
bstend stend {C}upaniritya; {MSA}( i): etya

having relied upon/made use of/stayed close to/
adhered to {C}having taken recourse to; (dwells)
in (intimate) dependence
ston bstand stond {MV}prakana object of

indication; object indicated; object taught
bstan byed
bstan
ston bstand stond {C}sastava teach; indicate;
show; demonstrate {C}intimacy; familiarity
bsten pa
bsten sten
bstend stend {C}sevate; {C}seva; {MSA}seva;
{MV}asevana; {MSA}asevya; {MSA}nisevana; {C}
sevana; {C}samstava; {C}bhajati; {MSA}bhajana
rely on; adhere to; use; to make use of; stay close
to {C}tending; cultivation; use; tend; resort to;
serve upon; placate; intimacy; familiarity; loves;
attends upon
bstan
ston bstand stond measure indicated
bstan gzhugs pa {MSA}gham

vi enter into the teaching; engage in the
teaching
stend {C}sevya; {C}sevan; {C}sevate; {C}

sevana; {C}bhajati; {C}upsana (=paryupsita)
rely on; make use of; stay close to; adhere to
{C}tend; loves; attends upon; serve; cultivate; resort
to; placate; cultivation; honoring
bsten nas
{PH}instructional lineage
bstan tshod
bsti stang du bya bar {C}sat-kta

kma {C}want honor
bstan ston bstand stond {C}deayati teach;

indicate; show; demonstrate
bstan par zhugs pa
bstard/ stard/ clean; polish
bsti ston dod par {C}satkra-
bstan par bya ba
ston bstand stond {C}bhaati {C}preach; report;

teach!
{C}honored
bstan ston bstand stond {C}nirdea-pada the

words that indicate; the words indicated; the
words taught {C}the words expounding
bstan par bya
bstan
290
bsten pa bya
bsten
phyi don tha snyad du
zhal gyis bzhes [Both] assert external objects
conventionally{DASI}
sten bstend stend {C}bhajati rely on; adhere

to; use; to make use of; stay close to {C}loves;
attends upon
bsten par gyis
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 ngag gi tha snyad/ 2 bolai tha
snyad/ 3 lus kyi tha snyad/ {GD:726} Div.: (1)
verbal designations for a name applied to an object;
(2) mental labels designating the consciousness
that relates a name to an object; (3) physical signs
through which one can communicate
bsten sten bstend stend {C}sevate relied on;

adhered to; used; made use of; stayed close to
{C}tend; resort to; serve upon; placate
bsten par bya

bsten sten bstend stend {MSA}(sev): seveta
will/should rely upon/make use of/stay close to/
adhere to
bsten par byed
tha snyad {GD:656} vyavahra
bsten sten bstend stend {L}sevate; {L}rdhana

rely on; adhere to; use; to make use of; stay close
to; cause to rely on, etc.
bstod
bstod/ bstod dam stod/ bstod/ stod dam bstod/ {C}

stuta; {MSA}stuti; {L}utkaraa; {L}utka; {C}
ukari praise; laud {C}exalt; exalted; superior;
one who exalts
bstod cing {C}utkroayati praising;

lauding {C}exalts
bstod pa {C}stuti; {MSA}stotra; {C}utka;
{C}utkaraa; {L}utki; praasa praise; laud

{C}superior; exalt; exaltation; exalted
bstod par byed {C}utkarayati

praise; laud {C}exalts
bstod byed {C}utkarayati; {L}utkaraa;

{L}utka praise; laud {C}exalts; exalted;
superior
bstos {PH}treatise; composition; work

tha gui lto dmodara; viu Garlanded
tha snyad kyi khongs su

gtogs included within conventions{S}
tha snyad kyi gdags gzhi
gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs basis of designation of verbal
conventions {PH}basis of designation of verbal
conventions
tha snyad kyi

dbang gis bzhag pa ma yin par without being
posited by the power of conventions
tha snyad kyi tshig {C}vyavahra-pada

conventional words; conventional expressions
tha snyad kyi tshig tu gyur ba

vyavahrapadny-gamiyanti {C}conventional
expressions come along
tha snyad sgrub kyi rtags
sign proving the expression; sign proving a

convention
tha snyad dngos su mdzad pa
tha snyad {LCh,C}vyavahra convention;
[verbal] designation; verbal convention;

conventionalities; conventional [phenomena]
{GD:656} conventional practices
Belly
conventionality; verbal convention {PH}

[verbal] designation; verbal convention;
conventionalities; conventional [phenomena]
{C}designation; conventional expression;
business; {GD:725} conventional practices
{PH}
explicitly uses the verbal convention
tha snyad gcig pa {LCh}
ekavyavahrika One Convention School (one of

the eighteen subschools of the Great Exposition
291
School)
tha snyad jug tshul
factual convention
tha snyad gdags pa
{PH}usages
of the verbal designation

thogs {C}vyavahriyate impute conventions;
conventionally imputed {C}express
conventionally; conventionally expressed
tha snyad btags pai btags don btsal bai tshe na

grub pa establishment at the time of searching
for the designated object in the designation of a
verbal convention
tha snyad gdags pa tsam
gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs {C}vyavahra-mtra merely
imputed conventionally {C}mere conventional
expression
tha snyad du {N}savty; vyavahratas

conventionally{N}; in conventional terms
tha snyad du brjod do
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}vyavahriyate {C}

express conventionally; conventionally expressed
tha snyad du brjod pa
brjod rjod brjod rjod {L}samvti express
conventionally
tha snyad du gdags pai
tha snyad gdags par bya ba
gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs {C}vyavahriyate imputed
conventionally; conventionally imputed {C}
express conventionally; conventionally expressed
tha snyad bden pa vyavahrasatya

conventional truth; nominal truth
tshig gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs {C}vyavahra-pada
conventional words; conventional expressions
tha snyad dogs
tha snyad du bya ba {C}vyavahriyate
vyavaharati impute conventions; conventionally

impute {C}speaks
{C}express conventionally; conventionally
expressed
tha snyad du byed pa {C}vyavaharati

use [the] verbal convention; make conventions
{C}speaks
tha snyad du med pa not existent
tha snyad pa savyavahrika
{PH}
conventionality {GD:114} nominally existent
tha snyad pa mkhas pa {MSA}

vyavahra-kuala wise with respect to
conventions
in conventional terms; not exist in conventional

terms
tha snyad pa mi mkhas pa
existent
tha snyad pai chos {N}vyavahra-
{MSA}a-vyavahra-kuala not wise with respect

to conventions
tha snyad du yod conventionally
tha snyad du yod pa vyavahrasat
dharma conventional phenomena{N}
conventionally existent; nominal existence
tha snyad dus
conventional analysis
su tha snyad go bai tha snyad conceptual

consciousness understanding a verbal convention
at the time of using verbal conventions
tha snyad don mthun
tha snyad pai dpyod pa
{GD:426}
292
tha snyad pai tshad ma {N}

vyavahra-prama conventional valid
cognition{N}; conventional valid cognizer
tha snyad pai tshad
mai rnyed don gtso bo main object found by
conventional valid cognitions
tha snyad pai shes pa {N}
vyavahra-vijna; vyavahrajna conventional

consciousness{N}
tha snyad dpyod pai rigs pa

{PH}reasoning that analyses conventionalities
tha
snyad dpyod pai rigs shes kyi rnyed don du yod

pa existing as an object found by a reasoning
consciousness distinguishing a conventionality
tha dad chos {C}nntva-dharma
different phenomena; phenomena which are

different {C}differentiated dharmas
tha dad du bgyi ba
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}nn-karaa; {C}
nntva {C}distinction; difference; differentiation
tha snyad spyod byed kyi
shes pa spyad spyod spyad spyod

consciousness analyzing the conventional
tha snyad byed use [the] verbal
tha dad du brjod pa
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}pthag-udhra

express differently; express as different {C}
separate utterance
tha dad du phye ba yod lam
{C}prabheda {C}distinction; divided; cleaving;

sub-division
convention ...{LG 30.5}
tha snyad ma yin pa {C}
tha dad du bya ba med pa {C}
avyavahra (=avyhra) non-conventional

{C}incommunicable; inexpressible; lie outside
conventional discourse
anntva {C}non-different; undifferentiated; nonseparateness
tha snyad med pa {C}avyhra; {C}
apravyhra (=avyhra) non-conventional lie

outside conventional discourse; cannot be expressed
by words; incommunicable; non-utterance;
inexpressible
tha snyad rig pai btags
tha dad du bya ba med pa
nyid {C}nirnnkaraat non-difference {C}

absence of differentiation
tha dad du byar med pa nyid

{C}nirnnkaraat non-difference {C}
absence of differentiation
tha dad du dbye ba {C}bheda
ming {PH}grammatical name; Sanskritic name

as a grammarian [on the completion of the course
of study of the three grammatical systems the
successful student was given a grammatical name
under which he wrote any works dealing with
philological studies; literature; mathematics and
astronomy; and medicine.]
divide; differentiate
tha dad don min {C}ann-artha

{C}not manifold
tha dad pa {C}nntva; {C}anntva;
tha dad {LCh,MSA}nn; {C}nntva;
{C}nntvat; {LCh,MSA}bhinna; {C}bheda

(=dharma-bheda); {C}an-eka; {C}vyatibheda;
{MV}pthaktva different; distinct; separate;
difference; different phenomena {C}distinct;
multiplicity; differentiation; manifoldness;
distinction; dissention; breaking up; break; divided;
division; various; manifold; variety; diverse

bum pa dang tha dad different from pot
Definitions: mtshan
nyid/ so so bai chos Def.: phenomena that are
different
293
{MSA}nn; {C}nn-bhva; {MSA}pthak; {MV}

pthaktva; {L,MSA}bhinna different; difference;
various {C}manifold
tha dad pa nyid kyi nga rgyal

{MSA}nntva-mna pride of difference
tha dad pa nyid du rnam

par rtog pa {MSA}nntva-vikalpa conceive as
different
tha dad pa ma {L}abhinna not
amenable
tha ma {MV}ante; {C,MSA}paryavasna;
different; non-difference
tha dad pa med pa {MV}anntva;
{C,MV}pacimam; {MSA}avasna; {MSA}carama;

{MSA}nika; {MV}apara (=avara?); {C}mdu
last; final {C}the end; end; terminus; come to an
end; finally; soft
{MV}abheda not different; non-difference
tha dad pai du shes {MSA}
tha ma med pa {C}anavargra endless;
nntva-saj discrimination of difference
tha dad pai dus byas
not final {C}without beginning and end
tha mag cigarette

tha mar {C}pacima
{PH}
different compositional phenomena
tha dad pai rang bzhin

ma yin pa {MSA}abhinnatva non-difference
with; final
tha dad par {C}anntva differently
{C}different; without a difference; non-separateness
tha dad ma yin {C}abhinna not
different; non-different {C}unbroken; not

differentiated
rje compassion which is important at the end
tha mar dge ba {MSA}paryavasna tha mal ordinary; ordinariness
bskyed
different; non-different; unbroken; not

differentiated
rim gyi thun mong ma yin pai spang bya ni tha

mal bai snang zhen yin la the uncommon objects
of abandonment of the stage of generation are the
appearance and conception of ordinariness {TGP
tha dad med pa {MV}anntva; {MV}

abheda not different; non-different
24}
tha dad rigs {MSA}gotra-bheda
tha mal pai nga rgyal pride of
different lineage
being ordinary; pride of ordinariness
tha na {C}antamaas; {C}atyantaa (=
antaa) {PH}even; even so much as {C}even;

absolute(ly); even though; first; but only

tha na kun dga rwa bai rgyab log dang, gad snyigs
tshud chad kyi nang du zhib tshol byas, [We]
searched carefully even behind his personal altar,
and down to and including in the rubbish. {GCG}
p. 47/27
tha na se gol gtogs pa
tsam zhig antaa-acchatsaghta-mtram even

for the time of a finger-snap
tha mar gal che bai snying

kalya final virtue
tha dad min {MSA}a-bheda not
tha ba {C}khila {C}harsh; rigidity; obstinate

tha ba med cing {C}akhila {C}
{C}future; last; ending
tha mal pai ngar rgyal pride of

being ordinary; pride of ordinariness
tha mal pai sems ordinary mind

tha mi kha cigarette
tha mi dad {C}abhinna non-different;
non-differentiated {C}unbroken; not
differentiated
tha mi dad pa {C}asabhinna; {MSA}
abhinna(tva) non-different; non-differentiated

{C}unbroken; not differentiated
tha tshig equivalent; synonym;
fundamental meaning; oath; vow; promise
294
tha shal pa {PH}mundane; inferior

tha shal ba the worst {PH}worst;
from
thag rin ba {MSA}dra far; distant

thag shin tu ring ba very far
thags bzang well arranged
thang rgya rje thang {C,L}lava
mundane; inferior
thag distance
thag gcad
gcad/ gcod/ bcad/ chod/ decide; abandon; sever
thag gcod

gcad/ gcod/ bcad/ chod/ decide; abandon; sever
thag bcad
gcad/
gcod/ bcad/ chod/ [cord-cut]; decide; abandon;
sever gang zag
rang bzhin med par thag bcad kyang although you
might decide that persons do not inherently exist
...{MSI 422}
thag chod
gcad/
gcod/ bcad/ chod/ decide; abandon; sever
don la phu thag chod pai lta ba
view which penetrates the meaning{MSI 385.2}

sos thag chod kyang although
certain to recover{PGP 75}
thang ga {BCA} kaa
{PH}few
moments
thang cig {C,L}lava moment [1/30th of a

yud tsam; skad cig = 1/60th of thang cig]
thang thang stretched flesh; strained

muscles
thad
{PH}company
In [my] spare time, in the
company of the Paita, [I] also began to study a

little Sanskrit. {GCG}
thad kar {MSA; GD}tiryak animal
thag pa rope
thag pa khru gang pa gcig a
{GD:265} horizontal
fifteen inch rope{DASI}
thag pa khyil ba a coiled

rope{LWT 193}
thag pa
bsdogs pa la btags pai sbrul ltar

like a snake imputed to a coiled rope
thag mi ring {MSA}a-dra {PH}not far

thag mi ring ba {MSA}a-dra not far
thag bzang {C}avirala {C}closely set
thag ring {L}dra far; distant
thag ring du byed pa yin {C}
dr-karoti become distant {C}move far away
from; get away from; keep aloof from; keep away
a plain; field; Tang dynasty (618 - 906 ce) of

China {PH}instant; moment; plain; field {C}
instant; second; minute; inkling ri med
pai thang a mountainless plain
295
thad du directly in front; concerning

thad drang directly in front
thad nas bslang ba las
bslang slang /slong bslangs
slongs {C}antikt (=sakt) {C}in the presence

of; or; from; compared with; given by
thab be thib be {PH}dizzy

thabs {C,L,MSA,MV}upya; {MSA}
abhyupya; {MV}upyat method; efficacious

means; skillful means; techniques {PH}group;
community {C}expedient (means); expediency;
skill in means grub thabs means of
achievement (sdhana) thabs la
mkhas pa skill in means (upyakaualya)
ngo bo nyid sku thobs pai thabs
an efficacious means of attaining a Nature Truth
Body
thabs kyi cha factor of method

method
thabs kyi rtogs rigs su gnas pai rjes thob ye shes

wisdoms of subsequent attainment that abide as
method-types of realization
thabs kyi theg pa upyayna
thabs chen po {L}mahn upya great

method
thabs mchog shes pa {MSA}
upya-vid (uttama-) cognition of highest method
thabs nyid {MSA}upyatva
{PH}
methodology
Method Vehicle
thabs kyi tshul many modes of skillful

means
thabs kyis ring ba ma yin
thabs nyid du rung ba {MSA}

upyatva-yoga suitable as method
thabs rnyed {MSA}upya-lbha obtain

method; attainment of method
thabs thob

thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}pau-dharo
obtain method; attainment of method {C}
resourceful
not distant due to skill in method
thabs mkhas kyi tshogs
sgrub achieving through the collection of skill

in means
thabs mkhas pa {C}upya-kaualya thabs dang rtsa pa {C}upya-mla

root of method {C}root of skillful devices
skill in means
thabs mkhas pai ye thabs dang shes rab upyashes kyi bye brag {C}upya-kaualya-jna-viea
instance of the exalted wisdom of skill in means
{C}distinction of the cognition of skill in means
thabs mkhas sbyor ba
upyakaualaprayoga training in skill in means
thabs mkhas; thabs
mkhyen mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend {MSA}
upya-jna exalted knower of method
thabs cig together

thabs gcig gis bskyod pa
byung
thabs ma yin {MSA}an-upyatva

without method
thabs ma yin pa {L}anupya

without method
thabs ma yin pas ring ba

distant due to non-skill in method
thabs mi shes pa {MSA}upyjna
single movement
thabs gcig tu {C}srdham together
not knowing the method {T}
thabs min {MSA}anupya(tva) without
{C}together with; with
par gyur ba rtogs rtogs

rtogs rtogs {MSA}upya-bodha realization of
methods; understanding of methods
byung byung byung upeya result from method
thabs chen {MSA}mahopya great
thabs rnams rtogs

thabs byung
la mkhas pa {C}upya-kuala; {C}abhyupyik;

upyakaualya skill in means; skillful means
{C}circumspect
thabs mkhyen pa
praj method and wisdom; skillful means and

wisdom
method
296
thabs med {L}anupya without method thabs su rung {MSA}upya ... yukta
suitable as method
thabs bzang {MSA}sukhopya; {MSA}
tham par tshang ba fully in number
spya good method {T}
thabs yang dag bzung ba
tham ma {PH}last
{MSA}upya-sagraha collection of method
thams cad {LCh,MSA,MV}sarva; {L}
thabs rig {MSA}upya-citta knowledge
sarvatra; {MSA}sarvatva; {C}pthu; {C}sakala(m);
of method
thabs la mkhas pa {C,MSA}upyakauala; {MSA}upye kovid skill in means;

skill in method
thabs la mkhas
thams cad kyi thams cad {L}
thabs la mkhas
sarvea-sarvam for the good of all
pai rab tu dbye ba {MSA}upya-kaualyasya

prabheda distinction of skill in means
thams cad kyi phyir {MSA}
thabs la mkhas pai las
sarvrtham for the sake of all
{MSA}upya-kaualyasya karma action of skill in

means; karma of skill in means
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}upya-prayoga

application/exertion in skill in means
thabs la rab tu slu ba MSA}

upya-vipravdana{ deception in method
thabs shes upya-praj method and

wisdom; skillful means and wisdom
thabs shes pa {MSA}upya-ja; {MSA}

upya-jna method and wisdom; cognition of
method
thabs shes pa rnyed pa {MSA}
thams cad skad cig
ma dus byas du du/dud

dus dus {MSA}kaika sarva sasktam all
momentary things are products
thams cad mkhyen
mkhyen mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend {L}

sarvaj all-knowing; omniscient {PH}allknowing; omniscient
thams cad mkhyen nyid
mkhyend {C}nairtmya-bhvan all-knowledge;

omniscience {C}meditational development of
not-self
thams cad mkhyen nyid {C}

nairtmya-bhvan {PH}all-knowledge;
omniscience
upya-jna-lbha obtain method and wisdom;

obtain cognition of method
thabs shes dbyer med

undifferentiable method and wisdom
thabs su gro ba serve as efficacious

means; go as efficacious means
thams cad kyi rjes su
gro ba {C}sarvatra-anugata all-pervasive;

omnipresent; going everywhere {C}(which
reaches) everywhere
pai pha rol tu phyin pa {MV}upya-kaualyapramit perfection of skill in means
thabs la sbyor ba
{MSA}sakala all; all places (everywhere) {C}

many; long; very much; broad; vast; large; whole;
everywhere; always
297
thams cad mkhyen pa
{LCh,MSA}sarva-ja; {L}sarva-jat [all-
knowing]; omniscient; omniscience; omniscient

one
thams cad mkhyen pa nyid
sarvvant having everything; with everything

whole; entire
thams cad du {L}sarvatra; sarvad
mkhyend {C,MSA}sarva-jat; {MSA}sarvajatva; {MSA}sarvkra-jat all-knowledge;

omniscience
everywhere; everything; always; at all times
thams
cad mkhyen pa nyid kyi bdag gi dngos po

mkhyend {C}sarva-jat-tmabhva omniscient
personality {C}all-knowledge-personality
thams cad mkhyen

pa nyid thob par bya ba
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}sarva-jatvaprpti obtainment of omniscience
thams cad mkhyen
song song song song {C}sarvatra-gatay;

{L}sarvatraga; {MSA}sarva-gata pervading
everything {C}extending everywhere
thams cad nas {MSA}sarvatas

everywhere; everything
thams cad pa rnam
par snang mdzad pa {C}vairocana Vairochana

[p.n. of a Buddha]
thams cad phyir {MSA}sarvrtham
pai ye shes mkhyen

mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend {C}sarvaja-jna
omniscient exalted wisdom {C}cognition of the
all-knowing
for the sake of all
thams cad byang ba
byang byangs byang byongs {C}utsanna
thams cad mkhyen gzigs
purify everything {C}completely vanish
{PH}all-knowing and all-seeing
thams cad bcom pa
thams cad du song ba
gzhom joms bcom choms conquered/

destroyed/triumphed over all
thams cad chos nyid kyis {C}
thams cad yod par smra ba
{LCh}sarvsti-vdin Proponents of the Existence

of Everything
thams cad la {C,MSA}sarvatra; {C}
sarvatas everywhere {C}always; at all times; in

every way; in every direction
sarva-dharma-samat (=sarva ta dharmatay)

sameness of all phenomena
thams cad la khyab
totality; always; everywhere
thams cad la bzod pa
thams cad nyid {L}sarvat all;
thams cad gtong ba
gtang gtong btang thongs {MSA}sarvaprada renounce/cast away/give away everything
thams cad stong pa {C}sarva-
nya; (sarva) tyg all empty {PH}all-empty;

emptiness of all [things] {C}renouncer
all empty {PH}all-empty; emptiness of all
[things]
bzod bzod bzod bzod {MSA}
knti sarvatra patience/forbearance/tolerance/

endurance with respect to everything
thams cad lung bstan pai mtshan

nyid la rnam pa thams cad du rjes su zhugs pa
sarva-vykaraa-sarvkra-lakanupravia
enter into all aspects with respect to the
characteristics that are taught in all scriptures
thams cad stong pa sarva-nya

thams cad dang ldan pa {L}
byed du song ba goes everywhere as a pervader

[i.e. pervades everywhere
298
thams cad shes pa nyid
liberation {C}aids to liberation
{C}sarva-jat knower of all; all-knoledge;

omniscience
thar pai cha dang mthun pa
sarva ikayati (ik) learn everything; study

everything
thar pai
{MV}moka-bhgya (e.g.: avaropita-mokabhgya) partial concordance with liberation
thams cad slob pa yin {MSA}
cha dang mthun pai dge bai rtsa ba med pa

{MSA}a-moka-bhgya-kualamla without the
roots of virtue that are a partial concordance
with liberation
thar gyur {MSA}moka become

released; liberation; emancipation
thar chags gradual

thar pa {LCh,C,MV,MSA}moka; {MSA}
thar pai phan yon benefit of

liberation
thar pai dbang gi brtson
nirmoka; {N}vimoka liberation; emancipation

{C}freedom
grus {MSA}mokdhipa ... vrya effort which

empowers liberation
thar pa cha mthun {LCh}moka-
bhgya partial concordance with liberation
thar pa thob par gyur ba
{MSA}moka-prpti obtain liberation
thar pa don gnyer gyi blo
thar pa dod pai gdul bya
moka{MSA}; mokya savartate become

liberated; liberation
thar bar byed freeing

thar lam moka-mrga path of liberation;
thar pa la kun tu zhugs pa
path of release
moka-saprasthita (thoroughly) enter into

liberation
thar pa la dbang byed pai

don {MSA}mokdhipaty-artha object that
empowers [one] toward liberation
{PH}the state
of liberation
thar lam gsal byed Clarifier of

the Path to Liberation
thal prasajyate to logically follow; to be

consequent; it follows that ...
thal skad opening exclamation for debate

thal gong {C}antara between the
shoulder blades {C}the flesh between the
shoulder blades
thar pai cha portion of liberation

thar pai cha mthun dge ba
thal gyur {LCh,MSA}prasaga;
{MSA}moka-bhgya-ubha virtue that is a

partial concordance with liberation
{MSA}(pra saj): prasajyate consequence;

contradictory consequence
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ thal gyur du
bkod pa Def.: stated as a consequence
moka-bhgya partial concordance with
thar par gyur ba {MSA}

{C}freedom
{MSA}moka-kma ... vineya disciplining the

desire for liberation
thar pai cha mthun pa {C}
path of liberation; path of release
thar par byed {C}moka liberation
awareness strenuously seeking liberation
thar pai go phang
thar pai lam {MSA}moka-mrga
299
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 thal gyur yang dag 2 thal gyur
ltar snang / Div.: (1) correct consequence; (2)
facsimile of a consequence
consequence and (2) fulfills the three modes of

reversing the object/meaning ?? {T}
thal gyur ltar snang
snang snang snang snang prasaga-abhsa
pseudo/quasi/counterfeit consequence
thal gyur du bkod pa
dgod god bkod god state as a
consequence
thal gyur pa prsagika-[mdhyamika]

Consequence School; Prsagika; [Middle
Way] Consequence School {PH}Prsagika
thal gyur ba {LCh}prsagika
contradictory consequence {PH}dust; ash

Having incinerated
[them] with the light of the sun, [they] are turned to
ash. {PU}
thal ba phen pai tshul gyis

in the manner of flinging consequences [at the
opponent ...]{LWT 167}
thal bar {C}bhasma {C}dust

thal bar gyur {MSA}prasaga;
{MSA}(pra saj): prasajyate consequence;

contradictory consequence
Prsagika; Consequentialist
thal gyur bai grub
mtha shor ba Consequence Schools perspective

slipped in
thal gyur bai lugs the
thal mo {LCh}ajali palm (of the hand)

thal mo sbyar te sbyar
sbyor sbyard sbyord {C}prjali-bhta {C}with

folded hands
thal mo sbyar ba btud nas
Prsagika system
thal gyur yang dag samyak-
btud dud btud dud {C}ajali
prasaga; samyukta-prasaga correct

consequence
Definitions:
praamya; {C}kta-ajal-pua-praamya {C}

bent forth his folded hands; having bent forth their
outstretched hands in respectful salutation
mtshan nyid/ rang nyid thal gyur yang dag tu song bai
rgol ba yod pa yang yin/ rang nyid thal gyur yang dag tu
song bai rgol bas/ rang nyid la lan don mthun mi thebs
pa yang yin pai gzhi mthun par gyur pai thal ngag rnam
dag tu dmigs pa/ Def.:

dbye ba/ 1 sgrub
Divisions:
byed phen pa thal gyur yang dag 2 sgrub byed

mi phen pai thal gyur yang dag Div.: (1)
correct consequence that impels a proof; (2) correct
consequence that does not impel a proof
thal gyur yang dag gang zhig bzlog don
tshul gsum tshang ba that which (1) is a correct
thal lcag slap

thal ba {MSA}prasaga consequence;
300
thal rang Consequentialist and
Autonomists [Prsagikas and Svtrantikas]
thi ba zhar ma a white bird like the

former but has a long beak and red legs and
stays near water
thig line {PH}drop

thig gdabs line
thig ldeb {PH}long folio
thig sdeb {PH}written line(s); line(s)
written thig sdeb drug; [It has] six

lines written [per folio]. {GCG} p. 16
thig nag klastra Black Line (Hell)
thig pa {LCh}bindu drop

thig phreng {PH}printed lines
thugs ka heart; mind

thugs kyi phrin las {MSA}manas-
thig phreng ser po dpar du btab;
karman activity of exalted mind {T}
thugs kyi rus
There were yellow printed lines laid out on the

page. {GCG} p.17
thig tshon {PH}colored drops

thig le bindu drop; essential drop
thig le khro bo can {LCh} [thig le
thugs kyi sa bon citta-bja seed

syllable of exalted mind
thugs bskyed
bskyed
skyed bskyed skyed cittotpda exalted mind

generation
khro bo can = ri-dwags-pri-a-ta = pata-mga =

bindu-citra] {PH}spotted antelope
thig le phra mo la sems
thugs kha
dzin pa gzung dzin bzung

zungs holding the mind on a subtle drop{TGP
25}
{PH}in front (of); in the
presence (of)
thugs kha {PH}heart

thugs khar {PH}in front (of); in the
thigs pa {C}bindu drop

thibs po {C}gahana {C}jungle
thim pa thim/
presence (of)
thims/ thim/ thims/ to dissolve; to melt; dissolve

into another object
thu chungs
{PH}youngest brother
Mother will not sell the youngest
brother. {A4C-C}
thu bo {C}jyeha {C}principle; finest

thu re vibrant; vibrantly
thug {L}maryad; {MSA}(sam- gam):
thugs khral chung bar mdzad

{C} alpotsuka {C}he has few cares; carefree;
non-action; unconcerned; careless
thugs rje {L,MSA}karu; {L}mahkaru;

{MSA}(karuya}: karuyate; {MSA}kp
compassion mercy; great compassion
thugs rje can compassionate

thugs rje chen po {MSA}mahkaru great compassion
thugs rje dpal bzang
samgacchati meet; meet back to; have source

in limit; boundary; end
{GD:xii,848} Tuk-je-bel-sang (15th c.), a Sa-skya

author on epistemology
thug gi bar du {PH}until

thug thug tu {PH}reaching up to
thug med endless
thug tshol ba
thugs rjei bdag nyid {MSA}

kptman compassionate nature; nature of
compassion
thugs rjes pha rol tu phyin
pa {MSA}karu-pra-gamana perfect [ones]

compassion
btsal tshol/tshel btsal tshold {C}eama {C}

try to reach
thugs {LCh,MSA}citta exalted mind; heart;

mind
thugs kyi rus pa/ thugs rus/ effort
301
thugs mnyam par ma

bzhag pa {MSA}asamhita ... citta mind in
thugs dam
thung phyed {L}ardha-yma 1/2 a yma;
{PH}[object of] meditation
pa chen gyi thugs dam phyag dpe

practice
about 1 1/2 hours
thung ba hrasva short; brief{D2}

thung brel union{LG}
thung shad {PH}short line
thun session; period {PH}dosage
thun khung {PH}demon box
thun mgo lta bu la at the beginning
yin zer bai brgyad stong bai dum bu; a portion

of the Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand
Lines, which is said to be a text that served as an
[object of] meditation practice for the great paita
{GCG} p.15
thugs par slao {C}sudharaa

easily assailed{C}
thugs sprul pa {MSA}citta-nirma
of a session{TGP 8}
mental emanation
thun drug gi rnal byor six
thugs phyung bar byed pa
dbyung byin phyung phyungs
session yoga
thun drug dang brel bai dus
{C}virgayati {C}displease; has lost; become
estranged; turns back on; pleases permanently
thugs phrog captivate the mind

thugs byung bar byas pa
khor bla mai rnal byor nag gros su mdzad pa

The Guru Yoga of Klacakra in connection with the
six sessions in completely facilitating form

{C}virgayati {C}displease; has lost; become
estranged; turns back on; pleases permanently
thun min mchog
mercy; love (hon.) {C}pity
thun mong {LCh,C,MSA}sdhraa share
dbang gong ma gsum {PH}three higher

uncommon supreme empowerments
thugs brtse ba {C}kp [mind-love];
thugs yongs su dag pa {MSA}

citta-pariuddhi thoroughly purify the mind
thugs yon po mi mnga ba

avakra-citta {C}his mind is straight
thugs rus
thugs
kyi rus/ thugs kyi rus pa/ effort
thugs la bzhag pa set in mind

thugs su chud pa know; obtain{S}
thugs su ma chud pa {C}avidita
shared; together; in common
thun mong pai bdag rkyen

sdhraa-adhipati-pratyaya common
empowering condition; common dominant
condition
thun mong pai lam common
thun mong ba {N}sdhraa shared;

common{N}
thun mong bai nus pa smnya
thung {MSA}alpa; {L}yma prahara short;
akti {GD:155} common function
brief a period of three hours
thun mong du {C}sdhraa common;
paths{Lati}
{C}not known; not felt
thung mtha smallest
with; common; shared {C}common to; common

property
302
thun mong ma {C}asdhraa
asdhraatva uncommonness {C}what is not
shared with
uncommon; unshared
thun mong ma yin pa {C}
thun mong min pai khyad
asdhraa unshared; uncommon {C}which

is not shared; in which one does not share; special
chos {PH}uncommon distinguishing feature
thun mong ma yin
thun mongs sdhraa common; shared

thun mongs pai bdag
pa nang gi sngon gro {PH}the specific inner

preliminaries
rkyen sdhraa-adhipati-pratyaya common

empowering condition; common dominant
condition
thun mong ma yin
pai khyad chos asdhraa-viea-dharma

uncommon distinguishing feature{N}
thun mong ma yin
pai gog snyoms *asdhrananirodhasampatti

uncommon absorption of cessation
thun mong ma yin pai rgyu
thun mongs ma yin pa {MSA}

asdhraa uncommon; unshared
thun mongs ma yin pai

chos uncommon attribute
asdhrana uncommon/unshared/unique cause
thun mongs ma yin
pai bdag rkyen asdhraa-adhipati-pratyaya;

samnantarapratyaya; asdhradhipatipratyaya
uncommon dominant condition; uncommon
proprietary condition; uncommon empowering
condition
thun gzhug
thun mong ma yin
thun mong ma yin
pai bdag rkyen asdhraa-adhipati-pratyaya

uncommon empowering condition; uncommon
dominant condition
{PH}the remainder of the
session
thub bstan Subduers teaching
{PH}
teachings of the Subduer; teachings of [kya]muni
thub pa {LCh,C,MSA}muni Subduer
pai bdag bras uncommon dominant effect of

karma
thun mong ma yin pai

sdod lugs uncommon mode of subsistence{N}
thun mong
ma yin pai ma nges pai gtan tshigs uncommon
indefinite reason
[Buddha]; Subduer; Silent One [epithet for

Buddha]; short for kyamuni, conqueror
[over the afflictions] {PH}capacity {C}able;
capable; sage
skad cig ma gcig la spong thub pa la byed rigs
pai phyir because of being suitable to refer to the
capacity to abandon in one moment {PGP 82}
thun mong ma yin pai
thub pa med pa {C}anavamardya;
thun mong ma yin
thub pai rtogs pa realization of a
mtshan nyid uncommon character; unique

character; unique defining character
{C}apratihatat not subdue {C}uncrushable;

uncrushability; cannot be obstructed
pai gsang bai rgyud uncommon secret tantra
Subduer [Buddha]
thun mong min {C}asdhraa
thub pai thugs
uncommon; unshared
thun mong min nyid {C}
mind of the Subduer
303
{PH}the exalted
thub pai thun mong min
rdo rje thal
Subduers unshared
thub pai rnam kun
moi mthe bong gnyis brkyang la mdzub mo gnyis

mche ba lta bur byas pa ni/ rdo rje gnod sbyin gyi
phyag rgyao/ Vajrayakhas mudr: extend the
two thumbs of the vajra-palms, and make the two
index fingers like fangs {Dor 31b.2/ 246.2}
mkhyen pa nyid Subduers exalted-knower-ofall-aspects
thub pai dbang po munndra
the tshom {MSA,MV}vicikits; {MSA}
King of the Subduers; an eptithet of a Buddha
thub par dka ba {C}durdhara
vicikitsat; {LCh,MSA}saaya; {MSA}sadeha;

sadigdha; {C}vimati doubt; qualm; suspicion
{C}perplexity; uncertainty; consternation
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ 1
difficult to subdue {C}unassailable; cannot be

overcome
thub par dka zhing ba {C}
rang stobs kyis mtha gnyis su dogs pai rig pa/ 2 rang yul
durdhara difficult to subdue {C}unassailable;

(one) hard to assail
la dogs pai rig pa/ Def.: (1) a knower which by its
thub dbang {LCh}munndra Monarch
own power has doubts in two directions; or: (2) an

awareness having qualms with respect to its object
of Subduers; Lord of Subduers (epithet of a

Buddha)

dbye ba/ 1 don gyur gyi the
Divisions:
thur down; downward

thur khyab rnal ma downward
correct pervasion; downward correct entailment
thur khyab phyin ci log
the tshom skye bar gyur ro
downward perverse pervasion; downward

perverse entailment
saaya-prpt (bhavanti) produce a doubt

{C}in a state of uncertainty; seized by doubt
thur ma spoon; stick

thur ma ring po a long stick; a long
the tshom gyi gnyen po {MSA}

vicikits-pratipaka antidote to doubt
spoon
thur sel
bsal sel bsald
seld downward voiding [wind]
thur sel gyi rlung
bsal sel bsald seld downward-voiding

wind
thul ba
thul/ thuld/ thul/ thuld/ {C}dharayati {C}

overpowers; subdue
thul bar dka zhing {C}durdhara

{C}unassailable; cannot be overcome
the bo
the tshom gyur la
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}kathakathin

doubt {C}one who is assailed by doubts
the tshom gcod pa {MSA}saaya-
ccheda; {MSA}saaya-cchedana; {MSA}saayavicchedin; {MSA}saayopacchedana cut off

doubt
mthe bong/ mtheb/

thumb
tshom/ 2 don mi gyur gyi the tshom/ 3 cha mnyam

pai the tshom/ Div.: (1) doubt tending toward the
fact; (2) doubt not tending toward the fact; (3) equal
doubt
304
the tshom gcod par byed pa
{MSA}chedan saayasya; {MSA}saayacchedikatva; {MSA}saaya-na cut off doubt
the tshom gcom pa {MSA}saayaccheda cut off doubt
the tshom dag ni mi gcod
the tshom za bar don {MSA}
{MSA}sadehasyccheda not cut off doubt
the tshom dang bcas pa {C}
sadigdhrtha object of doubt
savicikits {C}in doubt
the tshom du gyur nas {C}saayaprpta (bhavanti) {C}in a state of uncertainty;

seized by doubt
the tshom rnam par sel ba
the tshom zar jug go {C}
the tshom yang gcod par
{PH}doubter; one who has a
doubt
the tshom spong ba
du jug ste {C}saaya prakipati {C}sow

doubts
saaya ytayati; {C}ytayati engage in

doubting; enter into doubt {C}sow doubtsi; sow
bsal sel bsald seld {MSA}

saaya-vinayana eliminate/eradicate/remove/
clear away/avoid/exclude doubt
the tshom pa
the tshom za bas spong
spang spong spangs spongs {MSA}saaya-jah;

{MSA}sadeha-jah abandon doubt
the tshom mi zla ba {C}vicikitsati
gyur {MSA}saaya-chedo bhavati cut off

doubts
the tshom bsal ba rtogs
pa bsal sel bsald seld

{MSA}saaya-hni-bodha realize the removal/
eradication/elimination/avoidance/exclusion/
clearing away of doubt
doubts {C}free from hesitations
theg {MSA}yna vehicle

theg chen
{MSA}vicikitsat (nir-) no doubts {C}free from

uncertainty
theg chen gyi mkhyen pa
{C}doubts

theg pa chen po mahyna Great Vehicle;
Mahyna
the tshom med {C}nikkan no
the tshom med pa {C}nisaaya;

mkhyend Great Vehicle exalted knower
the tshom tshal bar gyur {C} theg chen gyi rgyu bras Great
vicikitsati {C}doubts
Vehicle causes and effects
the tshom za dus nas when

doubting
the tshom za ba {MSA}saayita; {MSA}

sadeha-gata doubting
the tshom za bar gyur {C}

saaya-prpta doubting {C}seized by
uncertainties
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms Great

Definitions:
Vehicle path of meditation
mtshan nyid/ theg
chen gyi rjes la mngon rtogs/ Def.: a Great Vehicle
Divisions:
dbye ba/ chung ngu skor bzhi/ bring skor
gsum/ chen po skor bzhi/ Div.: (1-4) the four
smaller cycles; (5-7) the three middling cycles; (811) the four greater cycles
the tshom za bar gyur te {C}
saayita bhavanti doubting {C}are in a state

of uncertainty
the tshom za bar gyur na
theg chen gyi
saaya-prpta (bhavanti) doubting {C}in a

state of uncertainty; seized by doubt
theg chen gyi sgom lam
sgom lam mnyam bzhag ye shes exalted wisdom

of meditative equipoise of a Great Vehicle path
305

mtshan nyid/ rang

of meditation
mtshan nyid/ rang
Definitions:
gi ngos skal gyi spang bya bden dzin lhan skyes chen
poi chen poi dngos gnyen du gyur pai theg chen gyi
sgom lam bar chad med lam/ Def.: an uninterrupted
gi yul du gyur pai bdag med gsum gang rung la rtse
gcig tu mnyam par bzhag pa yang yin/ rang rgyud ldan

gyi gang zag gi rgyud la mngon gyur du byung bai
theg chen gyi rjes la mngon rtogs/ Def.: that which

is (1) a one-pointed meditative equipoise on any of
the three selflessnesses that are its objects and (2) a
Great Vehicle subsequent clear realizer occurring in
a manifest manner in a continuum of a person who
possesses it in his or her c
theg chen gyi sgom

lam rnam grol lam path of release of a Great
Vehicle path of meditation
Definitions:

dbye ba/ 1 sa dang poi
Divisions:
sgom lam bar chad med lam/ 2 sa gnyis poi bar

chad med lam/ Div.: (1) the uninterrupted path
of a path of meditation of the first ground; (2) the
uninterrupted path of a path of meditation of the
second ground
theg chen gyi sgrub pa
sgom lam abhinirhrasvabhvo bhvanmrga

Great Vehicle path of meditation of achieving
mtshan nyid/ rang dren byed kyi bar chad med lam gyi
theg chen gyi sgrub pa la rang
ngos skal gyi spang bya bden dzin lhan skyes las grol
pai theg chen gyi rjes la mngon rtogs/ Def.: a Great
Vehicle subsequent clear realizer that involves

a state of having been liberated from the innate
conception of true existence which is the respectve
object of abandonment by the uninterrupted path
that induces it
dbang du jug pai rgyu spyan lnga la doms pa

guidance concerning the five eyescauses of
engaging in Great Vehicle achieving under ones
own power
theg chen gyi
sgom lam bar chad med lam

bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms uninterrupted
path of a Great Vehicle path of meditation
Definitions:

mtshan nyid/ rang gi ngos skal gyi spang bya bden dzin
lhan skyes kyi dngos gnyen du gyur pai theg chen gyi rjes
la mngon rtogs/ Def.: a Great Vehicle subsequent

clear realizer that serves as the actual antidote to
the innate conception of true existence which is its
respective object of abandonment
theg chen gyi nges byed

cha mthun Great Vehicle concordance with a
portion of definite discrimination
theg chen gyi mngon rtogs
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs Great

Vehicle clear realizer
theg chen gyi rjes la

mngon rtogs Great Vehicle subsequent clear
realization
theg chen
gyi rjes la mngon rtogs rtog bcas Great Vehicle

subsequent conceptual clear realization
theg chen gyi
theg chen gyi sgom lam bar chad med lam chung
ngui chung ngu the small of the small of an
uninterrupted path of a Great Vehicle path of
meditation
Definitions:
path of a Great Vehicle path of meditation that

is an actual antidote to the great of the great
innate conceptions of true existence which are its
respective objects of abandonment
306
rjes su yi rang sgom lam anumodalakao

bhvanmrga Great Vehicle path of
meditation of admiration
theg chen gyi thar par

bgrod pai go skabs phye shul du gyur pai byang
sems kyi mngon rtogs a Bodhisattvas clear
realizer that serves as the passageway opening
the opportunity for progressing toward the
Great Vehicle liberation
release of a Great Vehicle path of seeing and (2)

a Great Vehicle clear realizer of the truth which
manifestly occurs in the continuum of persons
who possess it in their continuums
theg chen gyi
mthong lam bar chad med lam uninterrupted

path of a Great Vehicle path of seeing
Definitions:
theg chen gyi mthong lam
GreatVehicle path of seeing
mtshan nyid/ rang gi ngos skal gyi spang bya bden dzin
theg chen gyi
kun btags kyi dngos gnyen du gyur pai theg chen gyi
mthong lam rjes thob ye shes

thob/thob thob thob thobs exalted
wisdom of subsequent attainment of a Great
Vehicle path of seeing
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ theg chen gyi mthong
lam rnam grol lam las langs pai mkhyen pa yang yin/
rang rgyud ldan gyi gang zag gi rgyud la mngon gyur du

byung bai theg chen gyi bden pa mngon rtogs/ Def.:
(1) an exalted knower of one who has risen from the

path of release of a Great Vehicle path of seeing and
(2) a Great Vehicle clear realizer of the truth which
manifestly occurs in the continuum of persons who
possess it in their continuums
theg chen gyi

grol grold grol grold path of release of a Great
Definitions:

mtshan nyid/ shes sgrib kun btags spangs
pas rab tu phye pai theg chen gyi bden pa mngon rtogs/
Def.: a Great Vehicle clear realizer of truth that is

distinguished by [being a state that involves] having
abandoned the artificial obstructions to omniscience
bden pa mngon rtogs/ Def.: a Great Vehicle clear

realizer of truth that serves as the actual antidote to
the artificial conception of true existence which is
its corresponding object of abandonment
theg chen gyi don mngon

rtogs Great Vehicle clear realization of the
meaning
theg chen gyi rnal
byor mngon sum mahyna-yogi-pratyaka

yogic direct perception of a Mahynist
theg chen gyi byang chub tu bgrod par byed
paam/ der bgrod zin pa gang rung gis bsdus pai

theg chen gyi mkhyen pa/ Great Vehicle exalted
knower included either within that which causes
progress toward the Great Vehicle enlightenment
or within having progressed toward the Great
Vehicle enlightenment
theg chen gyi sbyor lam
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord Great Vehicle

path of preparation
theg chen gyi sbyor lam drod
Great Vehicle heat path of preparation
theg chen gyi mi slob lam

mahhyna-aaika-mrga Great Vehicle path
theg chen gyi mthong lam rnam grol lam las langs
pai mkhyen pa yang yin/ rang rgyud ldan gyi gang
zag gi rgyud la mngon gyur du byung bai theg
chen gyi bden pa mngon rtogs/ (1) an exalted
knower of one who has risen from the path of
307
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
of no more learning
sgrib gnyis zad par spangs pai mthar thug gi mkhyen pa/
Def.: a final exalted knower that involves a state of

having completely abandoned the two obstructions
theg chen sgrub pa las mi ldog pai

dbye ba/ 1 ji lta pa mkhyen
Divisions:
pai rnam mkhyen/ 2 ji snyed pa mkhyen pai

rnam mkhyen pa/ Div.: (1) exalted knowers of all
aspects that know the mode; (2) exalted knowers
of all aspects that know the varieties; or: (1)
mirror-like exalted wisdom; (2) exalted wisdom
of sameness; (3) exalted wisdom of individual
realization; (4) exalted wisdom o
rgyu yongs su mi ngal ba la doms pa guidance

concerning thorough nonwearyinga cause of
nonreversal from Great Vehicle achieving
theg chen sgrub pai ched

du bya ba pratipatterddea object of intent of
Great Vehicle achieving
theg
theg chen gyi tshogs
chen sgrub pai rten rang bzhin gnas rigs

pratipatterdhra praktistha gotram
naturally abiding lineagethe basis of Great
Vehicle achieving
lam Great Vehicle path of accumulation;

GreatVehicle path of accumulation
theg chen gyi rigs nges [a
theg chen sgrub pai
person who is] definite in the Great Vehicle

lineage
theg chen gyi rigs chen
dmigs pa pratipatterlambanam object of

observation of Great Vehicle achieving
theg chen rigs chen having the

Mahyna/Great Vehicle lineage
theg chen mthong lam Great
theg chen gyi rigs
theg chen gdams ngag Great
sad pai gang zag a person whose Great Vehicle

lineage has been awakened
Vehicle guidance
theg chen phags
theg chen gyi lam Great Vehicle
path
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ theg chen gyi byang chub tu
rgyud kyi gzhi shes knower of bases in the

continuum of a Great Vehicle Superior
theg chen phags pa Great
bgrod par byed paam/ der bgrod zin pa gang rung gis
Vehicle Superior
bsdus pai theg chen gyi mkhyen pa/ Def.: a Great
theg chen phags
Vehicle exalted knower that is included within

either that which causes progress toward the Great
Vehicle enlightenment or that which has already
progressed to it
pai mngon rtogs Great Vehicle Superiors clear

realization
theg chen sbyor lam Great Vehicle
theg chen gyi lam
path of preparation
theg chen tshogs lam Great
shes pai lam shes knower of paths that know

Great Vehicle paths
theg chen gyi sa bcu
Vehicle path of accumulation
theg chen rigs nges
{PH}ten
{PH}[a
person who is] definite in the Great Vehicle lineage
grounds of the Great Vehicle
theg chen sgom lam pa one on
theg chen rigs chen
theg chen gyi rigs chen having the
the Great Vehicle path of meditation
theg chen sgrub pa
Mahyna/Great Vehicle lineage
mahynapratipatti Great Vehicle achieving
308
theg chen sems bskyed
mahynacittotpda; bodhicittotpda Great

Vehicle mind-generation; Mahyna [altruistic]
mind generation; Great Vehicle [altruistic] mind
generation
theg chen/ theg pa chen po
pai skabs grub

grub grubs/grub grubs {MSA}mahyna-siddhyadhikra on the occasion of establishing the
Great Vehicle
theg pa chen po
rgyud bla mai bstan bcos rgyud

bla ma/rgyud bla mahynottaratantrastra;
uttaratantra [Maitreyas] Great Vehicle Treatise
on the Sublime Continuum / Treatise on the
Later Scriptures of the Great Vehicle [P5525, vol.
108]
mahyna Great Vehicle
theg mchog go
theg pa chen po grub
{PH}armor of the
supreme vehicle
theg do go(hon.)
theg bsdus bsdu sdud
theg pa chen po bsgoms na

{MSA}bhvyamna mahynam (bh) when/if
cultivating the Great Vehicle
bsdus sdus mahyna-sagraha Summary of

the Great Vehicle [by Asaga; P5549, vol. 112]
theg bsdus
bsdu sdud
bsdus sdus mahyna-sagraha Summary of
the Great Vehicle [by Asaga; P5549, vol. 112]
theg pa chen po nyid
path
theg pa chen po
rnam par dbye ba {MSA}mahyna-mahattvavibhga distinguishing the greatness of the

[Great] Vehicle {T}
theg pa {LCh,C,L,MSA,MV}yna vehicle;

theg pa gcig eka-yna one vehicle
theg pa gcig tu bshad pa
{MSA}eka-yna-dean explained as one vehicle
dang dman pa la mos pa mos

mos mos mos {MSA}mahyna-hnayndhimukta
belief/faith/interest/inclined towards/zeal in the
Great Vehicle and the Lesser Vehicle
theg pa gcig
theg pa chen po bsdus pa
theg pa gcig la zhugs pa
theg pa chen po la skyo ba
pa nyid yongs su tshol ba

btsal tshol/tshel btsal tshold {MSA}ekaynat-paryei thoroughly investigate/examine/
research/seek one vehicle
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C}eka-
yna-samrha enter into one vehicle; engage

in the one vehicle {C}they have mounted on the
same vehicle (as I)
theg pa chen po {L,MSA,MV}

mahyna Great Vehicle
theg pa chen po kun bsdus
mahyna-sagraha Summary of the Great

Vehicle [by Asaga; P5549, vol. 112]
{MSA}mahyna-kheda averse toward the Great

Vehicle
theg pa chen po la mos
pa mos mos mos mos

{MSA}mahyna-dharmdhimukti; {MSA}
mahyndhimukta belief/faith/interest/inclined
towards/zeal in the Great Vehicle
theg pa chen
pa bsdu sdud bsdus sdus

{MSA}mahyna-sagraha Summary of the
Great Vehicle [by Asaga; P5549, vol. 112]
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {MSA}
po la yang dag par zhugs pa

zhug jug zhugs zhugs mahynasaprasthita
309
those engaged in the Great Vehicle
theg pa chen po las ldog pa
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs {MSA}

mahynd bheda reversed from the Great
Vehicle
theg pa chen po las
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {MSA}vaipulya-
sagraha ... mahyna-strnta compendium of

the very extensive Great Vehicle stras
theg pa chen pos
gro bai sems can {MSA}mahyna-gmi-sattva

being who goes by way of the Great Vehicle
theg pa chen pos nges
mi g.yo ba {MSA}mahynvikampana not

fluctuate from the Great Vehicle
par byung ba byung byung

byung byung {MSA}mahynena niryti definite
emergence by way of the Great Vehicle
theg pa chen po bshad

pai chos {MSA}mahyna-dean-dharma
doctrines that explain the Great Vehicle
theg
theg pa chen poi chos {MSA}

mahyna-dharma Great Vehicle doctrine(s)
theg pa chen poi chos
rgya chen po {MSA}vistra ... mahyna-dharma

vast Great Vehicle doctrine(s)
theg pa chen poi rten can
{MSA}mahyndhihna having a basis in the

Great Vehicle
pa chen pos nges par byung ba la rab tu slu ba

{MSA}mahyna-nirya-vipravdana deceived
in terms of definite emergence by way of the
Great Vehicle
theg pa chen pos
bsdus pai thos pa bsdu sdud

bsdus sdus {MSA}mahyna-saghta ... ruta
hearing that is included within the Great Vehicle
theg pa mchog {MSA}agra-yna;
theg pa chen poi rtogs pa
{MSA}agra ... yna highest vehicle

{MSA}mahyne vabodha realization of the
Great Vehicle; Great Vehicle realization
theg pa gnyis {MSA}yna-dvaya two

vehicles
theg pa thams cad ston pa
theg pa chen poi mdo {MSA}
{MSA}sarva-ynpade teacher of all vehicles
mahyna-stra; {MSA}mah-yna-strnta
Great Vehicle stra(s)
theg
theg pa chen poi mdo
pa thams cad la yang dag par zhugs pa

zhug jug zhugs zhugs
sarvaynasaprasthita those engaged in all
vehicles
sdei rgyan {MSA}mahyna-strlakra

[Maitreyas] Ornament for the Great Vehicle
Stras [P5521, Vol. 108]
theg pa chen poi mdo zab mo dgongs pa can
theg pa
theg pa
theg pa dang mthun pa {MSA}
gyi don rtogs pa rtogs

rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}gambhra-mahynastrbhipryikrtha-vibodha realize the meaning
that has [Buddhas] thought with respect to the
profound Great Vehicle stra(s)
chen poi mdo shin tu rgyas pa bsdus pa
mthun pa la yang dag par zhugs pa

zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C}sama-ynasaprasthita enter into a concordant vehicle;
engage in a concordant vehicle;7 {T} enter
correctly into a concordant vehicle {C}set out
in the same vehicle
ynnulomana concordant vehicle; concordant
310
with the vehicle
samprasthita one who has not taken up engaging

in the vehicle for a long time {C}one who has
but recently set out in the vehicle
theg pa gdags
pa rnam par gzhag pa {MSA}yna-prajaptivyavasthna remain in an imputed vehicle
theg pa la gsar du zhugs pa

prathama-yna-saprasthita newly entered into
the vehicle; newly engaged in the vehicle {C}
one who has just set out in the vehicle
theg pa rnam pa gsum {MSA}

tri-vidha yna three aspects of the vehicle;
three types of vehicle
theg pa bag yod {MSA}
theg pa gsum {L,MSA}triyna;
ynpramatta conscientiousness with respect to

the vehicle
{MSA,MV}yna-traya three vehicles
Divisions: theg
dman/ rang rgyal gyi theg pa/ theg chen/ Div.:
(1) Hearer Vehicle (rvaka-yna); (2) Solitary
Realizer Vehicle (pratyekabuddha-yna); and (3)
Bodhisattva Vehicle (bodhisattva-yna)
theg pa bla na med pa {MSA}
anuttara-yna; {MV}ynnuttarya unsurpassed

vehicle; highest vehicle
theg pa mi khrugs
{MSA}ynvikrya undisturbed vehicle;
theg pa gsum gang rung gi phags lam ma thob

pai gang zag thob/thob
thob thob thobs person who has not attained
the superiors of any among the three vehicles
[i.e., the Hearer Vehicle, Solitary Realizer
Vehicle, or the Bodhisattva Vehicle]
undisturbed with respect to the vehicle
theg pa dman pa {L,MSA,MV}
hnayna; {MSA}nihna-yna Lesser Vehicle;

Inferior Vehicle Small Vehicle
theg pa dman pas gro ba
{MSA}hnaynena yna; {MSA}hnayna-gamana

go by way of the Lesser Vehicle
theg pa gzhan {MSA}anya-yna other

vehicle
theg pa rang lam
{PH}the vehicle
which is its own path
theg pa rang lam gyi bya ba
{PH}the activities of ones own path; [that is to

say;] vehicle
theg pa rang lam gyi mi
slob lam {PH}the path of no more learning of the

vehicle which is own its path
theg pa la mkhas pa {MV}ynakaualya wise with respect to the vehicle
theg pa la
zhugs nas yun ring por ma lon pa

zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C}acira-yna-
311
theg pa
gsum char la tshul bzhin yid la byed pa {MSA}

triv api yneu yonio-manasikra mental
engagement in accordance with the three vehicles
theg pa gsum la rnam

par dgod pa dgod god bkod
god {C}yna-traya-avasthna set/establish in
the three vehicles {C}establishment in the triple
vehicle
theg pai sgo kun las btus pa gsung
rab rin po chei mdzod bslab pa gsum legs par ston

pai bstan bcos shes bya kun khyab {GD:843}
Gong-drul-lo-dr-ta-yays (kong sprul blo gros
mtha yas) The Encyclopedia, a Treatise Compiled
from all Vehicles Excellently Teaching the Triple
Training, the Treasury of the Scriptures. New Delhi:
ata-piaka series LXXX (1970).
theg pai don mthong ba {MSA}

drtha-yna see the meaning of the vehicle
theg pai don ma mthong ba
ther zug ther zug gi dus {L}
ynnuttarya unsurpassed vehicle; highest

vehicle
vata-kla; {NH} dhruva dhruva-kla; {L}

vatakla everlasting everlasting time
ther zug dus {L}vata-kla forever

ther zug pa vata forever; eternal
tho thor tshugs curling individually
tho ba hammer
tho tsham pa {L}vihehan attempt to
theg dman hnayna Lesser Vehicle;

Hnayna; Inferior Vehicle
theg dman gyi sbyor lam path

of preparation of the Lesser Vehicle
theg dman pa hnayna Lesser

Vehicle
theg dman phags rgyud
hurt; intent upon hurting
tho tsham pai bsam pas
continuum of a Lesser Vehicle Superior
theg dman yid byed
{C}vihehan-abhiprya; {L}vihehan {C}intent

on hurting; attempts to hurt
{PH}mental
engagement of someone on the Lesser Vehicle
[path]
theg dman rigs nges
{PH}[a
person who is] definite in the Lesser Vehicle lineage
theb/
theb/ thebs/ thebs/ a session or a time; plant;

establish lha dran thebs gcig
one session of being mindful of the deity{TGP}
skyed thebs res chog go one
time of generation is sufficient for each day{TGP}
tho rangs dawn

tho
rangs de nyid la don gyi od gsal mngon du byas
nas having manifested the clear light during
that very dawn ...{TGP 60}
thog
{PH}lightning Lightening
[means] electricity. Toh. 1793; comm. XIV.21
{C}no
less than
ther ma
{PH}wool; serge-cloth
sa skya pa
thog kha upstairs

thog tu {PH}at the head of
thog tu babs bab
babs bab babs [top-on-fall]; descend on oneself;

befall one; befall oneself
thog tu bobs befall one; befall oneself

thog tu bab bab
rnams da dung yang ther ma smyug poi chos gos

sha stag gyon; Sakyapas still also only wear an
outer robe of brown wool. {GCC} p.14
ther zug {C}dhruva; {L}vata
babs bab babs descend on oneself; befall one;

befall oneself
everlasting eternalist views; C}eternal; stable;

steadfast gzhan
stong rtag brtan g.yung drung ther zug emptiness
forever{S 33}7; everlasting time

forever; eternal
theg bla na med pa {MSA}
them pa tshang ba {C}anyna
ther zug gi dus {L}vata-kla
ther zug ther zug {L}vata
{MSA}adrtha-yna not see the meaning of

the vehicle
thebs
of the otherpermanent, stable, eternal, everlasting
312
thog thog
{PH}all about
[It is] an explanation all about the difficult
expressions for epithets of the Buddha, words for [a

Buddhas] qualities, and so forth. {Toh. 4347}
thog mtha {PH}beginning and end

thog mtha gnyis beginning and
snying rje compassion which is important at the

beginning
{PH}the beginning;
{PH}thunderbolt; flash
of lightening
thog ma {LCh,MV,MSA}di; {C}dita; {MV}

dya; {MV}dang tha ma med pa = anavargra
beginning; initial {C}from the beginning
thog ma dang tha ma med pa
thog mar blo
sbyong dgos pai bsam pa

sbyang sbyong sbyangs sbyongs thought in which
it is necessary initially to train the mind
thog mar med
{PH}beginningless
[time]
{C}anavargra {C}without beginning and end
thog ma dang tha ma

med pa stong pa nyid {C}andyagra-nyat
{C}emptiness without beginning or end
thog ma dang
thog med asaga non-obstructed;
unobstructed; Asaga [p.n. of one of the

founders of the Yogcra or Mind-Only (sems
tsam, cittamtra) School]
thog med dus nas
{PH}from
beginningless time
thogs {LCh}pratigha; {MSA}vyhata (1)
bar dang tha mar dge ba {MSA}di-madhyaparyavasna-kalya virtue at the beginning,

middle, and end
obstacle; obstructiveness (2) hold up with the

hand; bear aloft
thog ma med pa {C}anavargra;
{MSA}andi [beginning-not-exist]; beginningless

{C}without beginning and end
thog ma med pa nas from
thogs bcas
{PH}obstruction
coarse obstructions {YJD}
thogs bcas kyi gzugs med

absence of obstructive form
beginningless time
thogs pa {LCh}pratigha; {MSA}pratighta;
thog ma med pai dus nas
{C}pragrahaa (e.g.: dharmolka-pragrahaa);

{C}sajjati (=abhiniveate); dhara (1) obstacle;
obstructiveness (2) held up with the hand; borne
aloft; holding; contact; bump; resistance {C}
the carrying of; get stuck
{PH}since beginningless time
thog ma sems bskyed nas

{C} prathama-cittotpdam updya initial mind
generation {C}from where they began with
the production of the thought of enlightenment;
beginning with the first thought of enlightenment;
on account of the (production of the) first thought
of enlightenment; from the (production of the) first
thought of enlightenm
thog mar {C}di; {C}iras initially; at the
thog mar gal che bai
middle; and end
thog babs pa
di-buddha Initial Buddha; First Buddha
beginning {C}head; front (of a battle); et cetera;

beginning; from the beginning; first (of a list)
end
thog mtha bar
thog mai sangs rgyas {MSA}
thogs pa dang bcas pa {C}

sapratgha together with obstacles; with
obstacles {C}reacting
thogs pa ma mchis pa {C}
apratihata without obstacles; unobstructed
313
thogs med sku mched Asaga
{C}free from aversion; non-obstruction; not hostile
thogs pa mi mnga
and his brother [Vasubandhu]
mnga mnga mnga mnga {MSA}
thogs med pa {MSA}avyghta; {MSA}
apratihata; {MSA}avyghta; {MSA}avyhata

without obstacles; unobstructed
avyhata non-obstructed; unobstructed
thogs
thogs pa med {C}avight; {C}
reg gcig po bkag tsam gyi med dgag a nonaffirming negative which is the mere negation of
obstructive contact
avyghta unimpeded; without obstacles;

unobstructed {C}nowhere obstructed
thogs pa med pa {C}apratigha;
thod {PH}turban; crown; head-ornament

thod rgal brgal rgal
{L}apratigh; {L}apratighti; {MSA}avyghta;

{MSA}avyhata; {C}nighti (=mandatm
pdayati) non-obstructed; without obstacles;
unobstructed {C}non-reacting; non-resisting;
hold back; keep in check; suppress; {GD:701} not
limited by material obstacles
brgald rgold [skull-cross over]; leapover; leapover
thod rgyal {LCh}vyatikrntaka leap over

thod rgyal gyi snyoms jug
thogs pa med pai ye shes

{C}apratihata-jna unobstructed exalted
wisdom {C}unobstructed cognition
vyutkrntakasampatti leapover absorptions
thogs pa med pai sems {C}
nighti unobstructed mind {C}non-reacting;

non-resisting; hold back; keep in check; suppress
thogs pa med par {C}kua
thod rgyal gyi ting nge dzin

avaskandhaka-samdhi meditative stabilization

of leap-over {C}the concentration which
represents the crowning assault
thod rgyal du {C}avaskandha leap-over
(=aka) unobstructedly {C}not faulty
thogs pai sgrib pa {MSA}
{C}crowning assault
thod pa {LCh}kapla skull

thon thon/ thond/
pratightvaraa obstruction of impededness;

obstructive afflictions
thogs par gyur ba {MSA}
thon/ thond/ to develop; produce; come out;

depart bcos
min gyi myong ba thon pa nas bzung ste ranging
from the point at which non-artificial experience is
developed{TGP 16}
pratihanyate become obstructed
thogs par byed pa {C}rpayati

obstruct {C}molest
thogs ma mchis pa {C}apratihata thon pa develop; produce; come out; depart

unobstructed {C}free from aversion
thon mi {PH}Thon-mi [Sabhota]
thogs ma med {C}apratihata
thob thob/thob thob
unobstructed {C}free from aversion
thob thobs {LCh,C}prpta; {LCh,MV}prpti;
thogs med {C}asaga non-obstructed;
{C}prpuanya; {C}prpnoti; {C}anuprputi;
unobstructed; Asaga [p.n. of one of the main
founders of the Yogcra or Cittamtra (sems
tsam, Mind-Only) School] {PH}unobstructed
{C}unattached; unhindered
{MV}anuprpta(vat); {MSA}prpnuvanti; {MSA,C}

lbhin; {C}labdha; {C}labhate; {C}pratilabhate;
{MV}(k): karoti; {MSA}yang dag thob = sametya
314
attain; obtain; get {C}to reach; attained (to);
reached; acquisition; gain; receive; apprehend;

recipient; shall have; one who gains; arrive at; taken
(hold of); obtained; gained; kept; seized upon
nyer thob near attainment
ma thob pa thob pai phyir du sgom pa
meditation for the sake of attaining that which one
has not yet attained
thob dka
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}kcchrvpya

difficult to obtain
thob gyur
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}prpta {C}

attained (to); reached
thob gyur nas
thob gyur

thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}prpnoti; {C}
adhigamyasi will attain; will obtain {C}you
will attain to
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}prptit

attainment; obtainment
thob pa nyid du nus pa

akya-prptit able to attain
thob pa don dam

thob/thob thob thob thobs attainment-
thob pa mi nyams pai
sgom pa
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms thob/thob thob
thob thobs meditation for the sake of the nondegeneration of what has been attained
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}aprptitva

non-attainment; not obtaining {C}indifference
to any kind of personal attainment

thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}avpya; {C}
gamu having obtained; attaining {C}comes
thob pa yi

thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}prpuy {C}
for the attainment
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}prpta ...

vihna obtain little; little attainment; attain the
small
thob nas
thob/thob
thob thob thobs {C}labdh having gained/
obtained/attained {C}having found/gained;
having obtained
thob/thob
thob thob thobs {LCh,C,MSA,MV}prpti; {C}

prptatva; {MSA}parypta; {L,MV}lbha; {MSA}
labdha; {C}pratilabdha; {C}pratilabdhi; {C}
pratilabhate; {C,MV,MSA}pratilambha; {C}
pratilambhit; {C}labhi (=labhate); {MSA}
upagata; {MSA}etya; {C}ruta; {GD:674}prpana
acquisition; attainment; to attain; obtainer
{C}has acquired; got back again; will receive;
thob pa med pa
thob cing
thob pa
thob pa nyid
ultimate [i.e. nirva]; ultimate attainment
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}prpnoti having

attained; having obtained
thob nyams pa
acquires; find; receives; gains; regains; acquisition;

acquire; acquiring; to win; will win; gets; attain;
get; gain; heard; learning; listening; {GD:674}
obtain
thob pa la sgrib pa
thob pai khyad par
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MV}prptyvaraa obstruction to attainment

prpti-viea attribute of attainment
thob pai phan yon benefit attained

thob pai phyir ro
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}prptatva
for the sake of attaining
thob pai lam
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}pratilabdhamrga path of attainment
315
thob par bgyid pa
you should obtain/attain; one should obtain/
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}vhaka
attain {C}uphold; look for support in; catch hold

of; hangs on to; seek for rebirth (in/on); base rebirth
(in/on)
(=utpdako); {C}hraka obtain; attain {C}

bring about; nourisher; which nourishes
thob par gyur
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}prpnoti;
{C}anuprpuey; {C}bhavate; {C}labhate; {L}

adhigacchati; {C}sdayati; {C}pratilabhate; {C}
mukh-bhavati obtain; will obtain; attain; will
attain {C}becomes; gets; acquires; gains; attains;
arrive at; reach; would reach; finds; finds; keeps
present in his mind; comes face to face with
thob par gyur zhe

thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}prpaey
{C}have an inclination to reach
thob par nges pai
rnam pa bsgom pa bsgom

sgom bsgoms sgoms {MSA}prpti-nicaykrabhvana cultivate the aspect of definite
attainment
thob par dod pa
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}harati;

{C}hrika; {MSA}prpaa; {MSA}lambhayati
(e.g.: aitya-lambhayati) give; cause to obtain
brings (about); nourisher; nurse; nourishes; that
which feeds
thob bya
thob/thob
thob thob thobs {MSA}adhigama; {MV}pti;

{MSA}gamana object of attainment {GD:385}
obtain
thob byed

thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA,MV}prptavya;
{MSA}prpya; {MV}prpti object of attainment
thob par bya phyir

thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}

thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}prpnoti
(=prputi = prpuoti = prpuanti = prpsyati
= prpsyate = prpuetum = prpuitva) attain;
obtain {C}gains; attains
thob ma thag tu

saha-pratilambht; {C}saha-pratilambham
immediately/right/just after attaining {C}as
soon as it has been acquired
anuprptavanti attain; obtain {C}arrive at;

reach
thob zin gong
prpya; {N}prpaya; {MV}prpti; {C}prpitavyo;

{MSA,MV}prptavya; {N}pratilambha object of
attainment{N} should be attained
thob par bya bai don dam
phel du gro bai phyir sgom pa

bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms meditation
for the sake of increasing what has already been

attained
thol
thol/ thold/
thol/ thold/ all at once (?)
pa thob/thob thob thob

thobs {MV}prpti-paramrtha ultimate that is
the object of attainment
thos {C}oti; {MSA}ruta; {L}ravana;
{MV}ru-; {MSA}vidita hear; Hearer; hearing;

learned (as in mang thos); listen {C}learn
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}adhylambate
thob par byed pa
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}prpita

{C}made to attain
attainment
thob par bya
thob par byao
thob bya mthar thug final object of
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MV}prptukma desire to obtain
thob par bya ba
thob par byas pa
316
thos sgrogs Hearer Proclaimer
thos stobs {MSA}ruta-bala power of
hearing to occur {T}
thos pa mang ba {MSA}bahu-rutatva
hearing
thos pa {LCh,L,MSA}ravaa; {C}rava;
much hearing
thos pa tsam {MSA}ruta-mtra(ka)
{C,MSA,MV}ruta; {MSA}rava; {MSA}rutatva;

{MSA}ruti; {MSA}rutya; {MSA}sarava
hearing; hear {C}understand; to hear; heard;
learning; listening
mere hearing
thos pa dzin pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs grasp what is heard{S}
thos pa nyung ngu {MSA}alpa-ruta

little hearing; hear little
thos pa nyung ba {MSA)alpa-rutatva

little hearing; hear little
thos pa mnyam med las

byung {MSA}asamaravodbhava arisen from
unequal hearing ? {T}
thos pa la goms pa {MSA}
rutbhysa meditate on what is heard; cultivate

hearing
thos pa las byung ba
byung byung byung byung {L}ruta-may;
{MSA}ruta-maya arisen from hearing practice

what is heard
thos pa las byung bai shes pa phun sum
thos pa dang mi ldan pa {C}
tshogs pai rten yin pa byung

byung byung byung {MSA}sapanna-rutamaya-jnrayatva is based on the collection of
consciousness that is arisen from hearing
arutv without hearing {C}untutored; one

who has learned nothing
thos pa dang bsam pa dang bsgom pa las
byung bai shes pa gsum byung

byung byung byung {MSA}tri ... jna ... rutacint-bhvan-maya three cognitions arisen
from hearing, thinking, and meditating
thos pa dang bsam
thos pai chos {MSA}ruta-dharma;
{MSA}ruta ... dharma doctrines that are heard
thos pai don sgra

ji bzhin ma yin pa {MV}ayathruta-rutrtha
{PH}non-literal meaning of what is heard
thos
pa dang bsgoms pa {MSA}ruta-cint-bhvan

hearing, thinking, and meditating
pai don sgra ji bzhin ma yin par khong du chud pa

{MV}ayathruta-rutrthvabodha understand
what is the non-literal meaning of what is heard
thos pa dang bsam

pa dang bsgoms pa {MSA}ruta-cintita-bhvita
hearing, thinking, and meditating
thos pai lam du gyur ro
thos pa dang bsam pa
las byung ba byung byung

byung byung {MSA}ruta-cint-maya arisen
from hearing and thinking
ravaa-patham adhigacchati {C}reaches the ear
thos pa dpag tu med {MSA}ruta

... aprameya immeasurable hearing
thos pa byung bar byed pa

{MSA}ruta vyutpdayanti (vy-ut pad) cause
thos par gyur ba {C}ravaya(adhi)gacchati hear {C}reach the hearing
thos pas nyung ba {MV}alpa-rutatva

little hearing
thos byung
byung byung
byung byung rutamay arisen from hearing
317
thos ma thag tu {C}saha-ravaena;
{C}saha-ravaa-mtrea immediately/right/just
after hearing {C}when they merely heard
thos mang {MSA}bahu-ruta much

hearing; hear much
eternalism (vata-vda) and annihilationism

(uccheda-vda)] {C}duality of extremes; at
either end
mtha gnyis spangs pa
antadvaya-vivarjita abandon the two extremes

{C}he avoids the duality of the extremes
thos la brten nas {MSA}ruta
mtha gnyis mi rtog pa {C}
niritya in dependence upon hearing
thos la sogs pa {MSA}rutdi
anta-dvaya-ananugama not conceive the two

extremes {C}does not follow after the duality of
opposites
hearing and so forth
mtha {LCh,C,MSA,MV}anta; {C}paryanta;
{C}koi; {C}nih (e.g.: nih gacchati); {C}tra

extreme; limit; end; alternative; possibility{N}
{C}extremes; beginning; point; boundary; ultimate;
final; final conclusion; shore; edge; around
mtha klas {C}paryanta {C}limitless

mtha klas pa {MSA}paryanta
limitless
mtha gnyis la sbyor
bai gnyen po sbyar sbyor sbyard

sbyord {MSA}anta-dvaynuyoga-pratipaka
antidote to connection with the two extremes
mtha rten supplemental

mtha thug pa {MSA}avasna final
mtha thug par {C}nih final;
finally
mtha skor [end-round]; all round
mtha khob {C}pratyanta {PH}border mtha thug par gnas par {C}
rje btsun jam pai dbyangs dge
nih final state; final abode
country; barbarian land {C}outlying district
slong gi tshul du bsam bzhin du mtha khob du sku

skye bzhes par dug, The venerable Majur will
incarnate in a border land in accordance with his
intention in the form of a monk. {W23693} Mkhasgrub-rnam-thar-bsdus-pa, 2b.1
pratyanta-janapada {C}(beings in) the border

countries
mtha dag don rtogs

sakalrtha-bodha realize the entire meaning
{C}full complement
mtha dag tshang ba full
mtha gcig tu zhen pa
complement
mtha drug tshig {Toh.1785}
ekntdhyavasya conceiving one-pointedly;

determining one-pointedly
sakoivykhy {PH}six delimiter explanations
mtha gcod rin po chei
mtha das passing beyond extremes

mtha dpyad analysis of the scope;
myu gu Precious Sprouts, a Final Analysis [of

Guhyasamaja]
investigation of the limits [of pervasion]; final

analysis (textbook)
dvaynta; i{C}ubhaynt the two extremes [of
{MSA}sakala; {MV}skalya; {C}nikhila [end-s];

all; entire {PH}all; entire
mtha dag pa {C}skalya all; entire
mtha khob kyi skye bo {C}
mtha gnyis {C,MV}anta-dvaya; {MV}
mtha dag {MSA}akhila; {MSA}ktsna;
318
mtha dpyod decisive analysis
mthar gyis bsgoms pa
commentary; decisive analysis; final analysis

(textbook)
mtha spangs pa
meditatively cultivate serially
mthar gyis
snyoms jug dgui bdag nyid entities of the nine

serial absorptions
spang spong spangs spongs {MV}anta-varjana

abandon extremes
mthar gyis gnas pai
mtha bral free from extremes

mtha ma {MV}paryanta final; end
mtha yas {MSA}ananta; {C}nntaka
snyoms jug anuprvavihra sam patti serial

absorption
mthar gyis
gnas pai snyoms par jug pa {C}anuprvavihra-sampatti {C}attainment of successive

stations
[end-lacking]; infinite; limitless {C}endless
mtha yas pa {L,N}ananta limitless;
mthar gyis pa {C}anuprvika serial
limitless{N}; endless; infinite
mtha yas pa nyid pa {C}
{C}gradual
mthar gyis pa yi bya ba {C}
anantat limitlessness {C}infinitude
mtha yas mu ma mchis
anuprva-kriy {C}gradual activity
mthar gyis pai bya ba serial
pa {C}ananta-aparyantat {C}endless and

boundless
activity
mtha yas mu med la
mthar gyis sbyor ba
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {LCh}anuprvaprayoga serial training
mthar thug {C}Ananta-aparyanta-ania p.n. of

a Buddha
mtha las {C}atyantya from the
beyond extremes; limitless {C}endless; infinite
mthar chags {PH}series; order

mthar thug {C}pacima; paryanta [end-
stong pa nyid {C,MV}atyanta-nyat limitless

emptiness {C}infinite/absolute emptiness
mthar thug gi mkhyen pa final
extremes {C}free from the extremes
mtha las das {C}ananta passed
to-meet] final; complete {C}future; last; ending

with
mtha las das pa
exalted knower {PH}a final exalted knower
mthar thug gi sems tsam
mtha lus pa {L}nikhila all; entire

mthai sgom pa
final mind-only
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {MV}paryavasnabhvan meditation on the extremes
mthar {MSA}anta; {MSA}ante end; extreme

beginning; edge
mthar gyis {C}anuprvaas
{C}
successive
mthar thug
cing tu med pai chos dang ldan pa {C}aniha

(=ananta-aparyanta-aniha-dharma) {C}
endless
mthar thug theg pa final vehicle

mthar thug pa {LCh,C,MSA,N}
paryanta; {C}pariniha; {MSA}nih; {MSA}

nih-gamana; {L,MSA}paryavasna [end-to-
319
mthar dzin pai lta ba
meet]; final; finality{N}; complete; completed

outlying district; border; limit; carry to the limit
gzung dzin bzung zungs {LCh}
mthar thug pa med pa nyid
antagrha-di view holding to an extreme
mthar dzin par lta ba
pa {C}parinihat {C}non-finality
mthar thug pai lam {MSA}
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MV}

antagrha-di view holding to an extreme
nih-mrga {MSA}(prayoga-darana-nihmrga ...) final path
mthar sa gyur
mthar thug par bya ba {MSA}
mthar phyin bring to completion; finish

mthar phyin pa {MSA}paryanta; {C}
mthas gtugs {C}paryavasna

mthing ril ngur pa
{PH}path
paryanta finish; complete; perfect {C}made

the grade; achieved the end
mthar byas pa {C}kta-paryanta
mthil {LCh}tala palm

mthu {LCh,MSA,L}prabhva; {MSA}
prabhvatas; {LCh,MSA,C}anubhva {C}

(=smarthya); {MSA}smarthya; {C,MSA}bala;
{MSA}balavatva; {MSA}prabala; {MSA}ddhika;
{MSA}akti; {MSA}sthman power; force {C}
strong; exalted; mighty; powerful; might
mthu skyes {C}*puruakra (= skyes bui
finish; complete; perfect {C}made the grade;

achieved the end
mthar dbyung
{PH}blue-
winged duck
of completion
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}kta-
{C}
end; terminus; limit
paramo-gati-gato [to-end-go]; brought to

completion; finish; complete; perfect; reach to
the limit {C}has gone as far as one can go
mthar phyin par bgyis pa
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}bhmi-paryavasnam

... bhavati {C}come to an end on the ground
nih-gamana become final; finalize
mthar phyin pai lam
mthu) {PH}strength
dbyung
byin phyung phyungs will complete [future tense

of complete]
mthu grub pa

grub grub grubs/grub grubs {MSA}
prabhva-siddhi achieve power
mthar byin par byed
mthu can {MSA}prabala powerful

mthu chung ngu {C}alpa-sthma little
mthar mi byed pa {MV}antkaraa
mthu chung ba {C}alpa-sthma little
power; weak {C}weakling; has no strength; little

stamina
vyantkaroti complete {C}seeks deliverance

from; make an end to
power; weak {C}weakling; has no strength; little

stamina
not complete; not finish
mthar mdzad [to end-do]; end; finish;
mthu che {MSA}prabhva-mahat great
put an end to
mthar mdzod end; finish; put an end to

mthar dzin lta ba {PH}view
power
mthu che ba {C}mah-arthika great

power {C}greatly profitable
holding to an extreme
320
mthu chen ldan pa {C}mah-
anubhva great power {C}one of great might;
something of great might
mthu chen po {L}mah-prabhva; {MSA}

mah-ddhika great power
mthu ji lta ba {C}yath-sthmam
{C}
mos
mos mos mos {MSA}prabhvdhimukti belief/
faith/interest/inclined towards/zeal in power
mthud series
mthud pai shes pai rgyun
continuum of consciousness which is a series
according to their strength
mthu stobs {C}prabhva; {C}prabhav
mthun {C}anukla; akti concordance;
powerful; power {C}exalted; mighty; brought

about
mthu thob pa
mthu la mos pa
favorable; concordant; agree; accord with;

agreement; harmony (as in harmonies with
enlightenment) {C}power
mthun rkyen [concordant-cause];
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}akti-lbha

obtain power
favorable condition; concordant condition;

concordant circumstances; conducive conditions
mthu thob pa yid la byed pa
mthun pa {LCh,MSA,MV}anukla; {MSA}
thob/thob thob thob

thobs {MSA}akti-darana-manaskra mental
concentration on obtaining power
mthu thob pa yongs su
smin pa {MSA}balavattva-pratilambha-paripka
ripenning of the attainment of power {T}
nuklya; {C,MSA}pratirpa; {MSA}anurpa;

{L}samdna; {L}pradakia; {MSA}anu (e.g.:
anvartha-nman); {MSA}nulomika; {MSA}
tulya; {MV}tulyat; {MSA}samna condordant;
concordant {C}fitting; proper; seemly; agree;
accord; to the right; curl to the right
mthu dang ldan pa {MSA}sthma-vat mthun pa nyid {C,MSA}anuklat

powerful
concordance {C}make conform to
mthu rnam pa bzhi {MSA}catur-
mthun pa yi ni chos spyod
do spyad spyod spyad spyod

{MSA}anudharma carati practice concordant
doctrines
vidhnubhva four aspects of power
mthu phul du byung ba

prabhvotkara increase the majesty of power
mthun pai chos {MSA}anukla
mthu phul du byung ba gong nas gong du
... dharma; {MSA}anudharma concordant

doctrines; concordant phenomena
mthun pai don dam concordant
phel ba thob pai khyad par

thob/thob thob thob thobs the feature
of increasing the majesty of power higher and
higher{PGP 78}
ultimate{N}
mthun pai yang dag *samyak
mthu med pa {MV}nismarthya
sadtnta correct similar example
mthun pai yul du gnas pa
powerless
mthu yi mtshan nyid
{MSA}pratirpa-dea-vsa abide in a concordant

object
rnam par dbye ba {MSA}prabhva-lakaavibhga divide the characteristic of power
mthun pai yul na gnas

staying in an agreeable place
321
mthun pai yul na gnas pa

staying in an agreeable place
mthun pai lam mnga ba
pradakia-mrga {C}one whose path is worthy

of respect
mthun pai lam spyad pa
spyad spyod {MSA}anucara (e.g.: vibhutvnucara)

concordant practice
mthun phyogs {LCh}sapaka similar

class
mthun phyogs la yod pa

sapaka-sattva existing in the similar class
mthun bya session

mthun mong
anurpa-mrga-caraa practice a concordant

path
pai ma nges pai gtan tshigs common indefinite

reason
mthun par khor ro {C}
anuparivartate concordant circling {C}revolve

around
mthun tshig {MSA}samnat-pada

concordant words
mthun par gro zhing {C}
mthui skabs {MSA}prabhvdhikra
mthun par dong ngo {C}
pa {MSA}prabhva-viea-yoga having the

distinction of power
anugacchati {C}follow; conform to; regain;

follow after; approach; emulate; arive (at); pursue;
follow up
occasion of power
mthui khyad par dang ldan
mthus {C}anubhva (=smarthya) power
anugacchati {C}follow; conform to; regain;

follow after; approach; emulate; arive (at); pursue;
follow up
{C}might
mthe bong
mthun
par byas pa yin; dang mthun par byas pa yin
{MV}anulomito bhavati is concordant; make
concordant (with)
thumb{VM}
mtheg chen gyi sgrub pa
mthun par smrag yur {C}
Great Vehicle achiever
mtheb
apratikla-bh {C}brought into harmony with
mthun par dzin pa
thumb{VM}
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}anulomatva

{C}conforms to
mtheb/ the bo/
mthun par zhugs na
mthe bong / the bo/
mtheu chung
little finger{VM}
mdzub chung /
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C}anupravia
mtho {C}tuga high; elevated
example
mtho gling To-ling Monastery (in the
{C}entered into; enter together with
mthun dpe {LCh}sadnta similar

sadnta correct similar example
spyad spyod
{Das}
{PH}span
two spans
central Himalayas near Mount Kailash)
mthun dpe yang dag samyak mthun spyod
{C}prominent; superior
322
mtho po high; tall

mtho ba {C}unnata; {C}uccatva; {C}
samutsada high {C}protruberance; superiority;
haughty
mtho med pa {C}anunnata not high

{C}not higher
durlabha-darana ... muni subduer of what is

difficult to see
mthong grol
{PH}liberation through
being seen
mtho dma {PH}higher [and] lower

mthong grol sku {PH}body [which]
liberates [merely through] being seen
mtho btsams; mtho mtshams
mthong gyur phyir {C}vkiran
malevolence; evil intent
{C}have been able to behold
mtho brtsegs [high-pile]; piled on top
mthong rgya che chung greater and
of; pile on top of
lesser vision
mtho ris {LCh,C,MSA}svarga [high mthong chos la in this lifetime
region]; high estate [lives of humans and gods];
heaven(s); areas of high status; high states
mthong nyid las from just
{C}life in the heavens; {GD:747} [rebirth in] a
seeing{LG}
fortunate condition
mthong ste {C}dryate seeing; perceiving
mtho ris kyi phun tshogs
{C}is seen; has appeared; has seen
wonderful features of high states
mtho ris kyi yon tan bdun

seven good qualities of exalted status
mtho ris su skye ba {C}svargopapatti
mthong thob
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}diprpta {C}

one who has attained correct views
rebirth in high estate; {C}rebirth in heaven
mthong nas {C}darin having seen;
svargopapattaye cause of rebirth in a high state/

heaven {C}something that conduces to rebirth in
heaven/high estate
mthong spang nyon mongs
{MSA}svargopapdana be born in a lifetime of

high status
mthong
mtho ris su skye bai rgyu {C}
mtho ris su skye bar byed pa
mthong {C,MV}darana; {MSA}dya; {MV}
spang nyon mongs brgya dang bcu gnyis {PH}

one hundred and twelve afflictions that are to be
abandoned by the path of seeing
bcu {PH}ten afflictions that are to be abandoned

by the path of seeing
mthong spang shes sgrib
{PH}obstructions to omniscience that are to be

mthong ka chen po {L}mahnla a
mthong spang shes
blue gem of great value; celestial gem
{PH}afflictions that are to be abandoned by the path

of seeing
mthong spang nyon mongs
darin; {C}daranu (e.g.: saha daranenaiva);

{C}payati; {MSA}payan; {MSA}prapayati;
{C}kate; {C}viditv to see; to perceive {C}
sight; exhibit; visible; act of seeing; seeing; vision;
exhibition; surveys; view; have understood;
convinced; having known; having seen/noticed
mthong dkai thub pa {MSA}
having perceived {C}spectator; one who can

demonstrate; one who sees; beholding
sgrib brgya dang brgyad {PH}one hundred and

eight obstructions to omniscience that are to be
323
mthong ba {C}payati; {MV}pa-; {MSA}
payat; {C,MV,MSA}darana; {MSA,MV}di;

{MSA}(nir k): nirkate; {MSA}sadarana;
daranam to perceive; to see; perception; seeing
mthong ba dang bcas pa {C}
sanidarana; {C}samanupayat {C}visible; with

perceptible attributes; definable; reviewing
mthong ba dang thos pa dang bye brag phyed

pa dang rnam par shes pa dang {C}da-rutamata-vijta seen, heard, distinguished, and
cognized
mthong bai chos la byung bar gyur ba dang

rjes su mthun pa byung byung
byung byung {C}da-dharma-savartanya
{C}(the karma) which led him to this experience in
his present life
mthong bai rnam pa bsgom

sgoms {MSA}darankra-bhvana meditate on
the aspects of what is seen
mthong bai spangs bya

di-hyin object of abandonment of seeing
mthong ba po {C}payaka; {C}apayaka mthong bai dbang gis {MSA}

darana-vat by the power of seeing
{C}one who sees
mthong ba po
nas rnam par shes pa poi bar {MSA}dra yvad

vijt ranging from one who sees up to one
who cognizes {T}
mthong ba ma lags pa {C}
mthong bai lam {C,MSA,MV}
darana-mrga; {C}d-mrga path of seeing
mthong bai sa {C}darana-bhmi

ground of seeing
mthong bar dka {C}durda
apayamna not seeing {C}which cannot be

seen
difficult to see {C}hard to see
mthong ba med pa {C}apayaka not mthong bar dka ba {L}durda;

{C}durdya difficult to see
seen; not perceived {C}imperceptible; not to be

seen
mthong bar gyur ro {C}daranam
mthong ba tsam gyis {MSA}
gacchati see; perceive; will see {C}come to

be seen
darana-mtrt; {MSA}da-mtrt from just

seeing
mthong bar nye bar gro {C}
mthong ba yi chos la zhi {C}
daranam upaiti come to be seen {C}can be

seen (with na: med do)
da-dharma-ama pacified in this lifetime

{C}appeased in this very life
mthong ba rab dag {MSA}viuddhadarana very pure seeing
mthong ba la sogs {C}da-di
upaiti-daranam comes to be seen {C}admits

of being seen
mthong bas grol ba
{PH}
liberation through being seen
views and so forth {C}false views
mthong bas
mthong bai chos {MSA}da-
spang bar bya bai nyon mongs pa

spang spong spangs spongs {MSA}daranaprahtavya ... klea; {MSA}darana-heya-klea
dharma seen phenomena; phenomena that are

seen
mthong bar nye bar groo {C}
324
skad cig gnyis pa
afflictions that are the objects of abandonment

by seeing
mthong bas spang byai
mthong lam bar chad
nyon mongs spang spong

spangs spongs {MSA}darana-heya ... klea
afflictions that are the objects of abandonment
by seeing
med lam uninterrupted path of seeing {PH}

uninterrupted path of a path of seeing
mthong
mthong byed {TN}dk seen

mthong ma thag tu {C}daana
lam bar chad med lam skad cig gnyis pa the

second moment of an uninterrupted path of a
path of seeing
mthong lam rtse sbyor
immediately/right/just after seeing {C}
marvellous power
mthong ma ma lags pa {C}
daranamrgamrdhaprayoga path-of-seeing
peak training/ peak training of the path of seeing
mthong lam bzod pa brgyad
apayamna not seeing {C}which cannot be

seen
mthong zhes bya {C}darana-khya
{PH}the eight forbearances of a path of seeing
seeing {C}path of vision
mthong bzhin du {C}payann eva; {C}

payan in accordance with what is seen {C}
seeing; knows what he does
mthong lam {LCh}darana-mrga path

of seeing
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ bden pa mngon rtogs Def.: clear
realization of truth
mthong
lam shes bzod skad cig ma bcu drug po {PH}the

sixteen moments of forbearance and knowledge of
the path of seeing
mthon {MSA}unnata come out; depart

mthon ka chen po mahnla a blue
gem of great value; celestial gem
mthon mthing {C}nla dark blue
mthong lam rjes thob
sapphire {C}blue; black-blue
mthon par gyur ba
ye shes {PH}exalted wisdom of subsequent

attainment of a path of seeing
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C} udgacchati
mthong lam mnyam
bzhag ye shes {PH}exalted wisdom of meditative

equipoise of the path of seeing
(=abhyudgacchati) {C}be elevated above; be

lifted up
mthon par jug ste {C}

anuparivartate {C}revolve around
mthon po high level (?)
{PH}path of release of a path of seeing
{PH}high [level
of]; high; elevated; rarified
rdzogs rim mthon por song bai skabs at
a time when one has passed to a high level of the
stage of completion {TGP 14}
mthong lam
rnam par mi rtog pai ye shes {PH}nonconceptual exalted wisdom of the path of seeing
mthong lam pai rgyud
kyi mkhyen pa mkhyen

mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend exalted knower in the
continuum of a person on the path of seeing
{PH}the second
moment
325
mthon por {C}tuga

prominent; superior
{C}elevated;
mthon dman {MSA}natonnata high and
adhikaraa; {C}kalahati fight; quarrel; dispute
{C}conflict; battle
low
thad {C}upapatti correct; acceptable;
feasible; feasibility {C}(place of) rebirth; genesis
thad sgrub kyi rigs pa

upapattisdhanayukti logical reasoning;
reasoning which establishes correctness;
reaoning(s) of logical proof
should fight; one should quarrel {C}have a

fight with
thab bral yma Land Without Combat

thab mo {C}kalaha fight; quarrel;
dispute {C}fighting; strife
thad ldan prama-vinicaya-k
thab slai rgyal po {C}pratirjan
Dharmottaras The Correct, Commentary

on (Dharmakrtis) Ascertainment of Valid
Cognition (prama-vinicaya), P. 5727, vol.
136
{C}hostile king
thas sgrub kyi rigs pa
thad pa {LCh,MSA}upapatti; {N}
reasoning which establishes correctness (?)
upapadyate; {MSA}ratha (e.g.: manoratha);

{MSA}yid du thad pa = manoram acceptable;
feasible; correct; feasibility {PH}correct
reasonings; correctness; feasibility
reasoning that establishes correctness ...
{MV} upapatti-sdhana-yukti
thad pa sgrub pai rigs pa

{MV}upapatti-sdhana-yukti reasoning which
establishes correctness; reasonings of logical

proof
thas pa obstructive [quality of earth (sa)]

thibs covered; darkened
thug po thick; dense; strong
thung btung /
thung / btungs/ thungs/ to drink
thun pa gather (?)

theng po {C}kui; {C}laga
{C}with
withered arm or hand; limping; lame
thon
thad pa dang sgrub
pai rigs pa bsgrub sgrub

bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}upapatti-sdhana-yukti
reasoning which establishes correctness;
reasonings of logical proof
thad par sgrub
thab par byao {C}yodhayati you
thon/ thond/
thon/ thond/ {C}samudgata {C}originate
thob
thob/thob thob
thob thobs {C}labhate; {MSA}lbha; {C}gata

(e.g.: stra-gata); {C}eti (=ete); {MSA}avpta;
{MV}pti; {MV}anuprp- get; attain; will get;
will attain [future of thob] {C}gain; receive;
apprehend; come back; reach; handed down (in
stras); comes; has arrived
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs establishing

correctness{LG}
thad pas sgrub pai rigs

pa reasoning through the forceful power of
facts; reasoning of tenable proof
thob gyur te
{C}fighting; strife
thob dod kyi dad pa
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}labhyate get;

attain; will get {C}can be apprehended; is seized
thab {C}kalaha fight; quarrel; dispute
thab pa {C}vigraha; {C}vigrah; {C}


aspiring faith; faith that is a wish to attain
326
da {LCh}idnm; {C}adya now; presently;
thob dod kyi dun pa
nowadays {C}then; today
aspiration which is a wish to attain
thob dod pai dad pa

*abhilaraddh faith that is a wish to attain
thob pa
lotus
thob/thob
thob thob thobs {C}labhate; {MSA,MV}lbha;

{C}adhigama; {C}pti; {C,MV}prpti; {MV}
saprpti; {MSA,MV}pratilambha will get; will
attain; get; attain [future of thob] {C}will
reach; obtain; reach; winning; attainment
da du ra dhattra
{GD:168} a
hallucinogen, the plant: datura metel L.
anubudhyate will get; will attain {C}

understand
thob par gyur ba

thob/thob thob thob thobs {L}
pratilabhante; {MSA}prpti get; attain acquire;

receive; gain; find
thob par byed do

thob/thob thob thob thobs {L}
pratilabhante get; attain acquire; receive; gain;

find
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}updayati
(?) get; attain {C}acquire; receive; gain; find;

take hold of
thom/
thoms/ thom/ thoms/ to be confused
thor/ thor/ thor/
thord/ separate; scatter
byung byung byung byung {C}pratyupanna

{C}in the present
thor
da ltar byung bar
prpti-kraa creative cause of attainment
thom pa
da lta ba now; present; nowadays

da ltar {C}ete hi; {C}pratyutpanna; {MSA}
byung byung byung byung {C,MSA,MV}
pratyutpanna {C}present
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MV}
thob par byed pa
nowadays {C}even now
da ltar byung ba
nyid thob/thob thob

thob thobs {MV}saprptau pratantrya
other-powered attainment
thob par gyur
da lta {C}etarahi present; now; presently;

adhuna present; now; presently {C}already
now
thob pa gzhan gyi dbang

thob pai byed rgyu
padma dkar {PH}white lotus

padma rgyas pa {PH}fully-blossomed
327
da dung still; still more

da drag hidden da {T}
da gdod still again; still
da ni {MV}idnm now; presently; nowadays
da res nowadays; at present
padma sam bha wa {PH}
Padmasambhava
padma sa bha wa
{PH}
Padmasambhava
dwa ba a white tuber, like a potato, which has

a long stalk with a yellow flower at the top
dag
dag dag
dag dag gam dags/ {MV,MSA}viuddha; {C}
uddhatva; {MSA}viuddhi; {MSA}uddha; {MSA}
uddhi; {MSA}uddh (1) to purify; to clean; (2)
plural marker {C}purity
dag gos {PH}metal garment

dag gyur pa {MSA}uddhim gat
dag pa rab byams endless

purity {PH}all-encompassing purity
dag pai kun rdzob
brdzab rdzob brdzabs rdzobs pure
become pure
dag rgyu to be corrected/purified; that
conventionality
dag pai gos {PH}metal garment

dag pai bdag thob
which is to be corrected/purified
dag sgrig pa
{PH}editor
two boys
dag cig some

dag cig zhugs pa

uddhtma-lbhitva attainment of a pure nature
dag byis purify (?)

dag ma dag pure and impure; purity
zhug jug zhugs zhugs firmly established

(?)
dag che ba
and impurity{BJ 6.3}
{PH}great purity;
exceptionally pure
dag mnyam chen po great equality

of purity
dag dang {C}srdham
{C}with; together
with
dag dang ma dag min {MV}
uddh uddh na neither pure nor impure
dag pa {LCh,C,MSA}uddha; {C}pariuddha;

{C}uddhaka; {C,MV,MSA}uddhi; {MSA}viuddhi;
{MSA}uddh; {C}uci pure; lacking; free of;
devoid of; pure of; clear; correct {C}pure;
clean clear; bright; one who is pure; purification
dag pa jug pa {MSA}uddhi-viana

dag pa nyid {C}uddhatva; {C}uddhat
pratisayukta together with {C}conjoined;

associated (with); connected
dang bcas par {C}samagra together

with {C}all the
dang thabs cig go all together

dang mthun pa {C}pratirpa in
adhivsayet voluntarily assume
dag pa pha rol gro {MSA}
dang du mi len {MSA}anadhivsan
viuddhi-praga become perfectly pure
dag pa ma yin {MSA}na uddh not
not voluntarily assume; involuntary assume
pure; impure
dang du len {MSA}(adhi vas):
adhivsayati; adhivsayet voluntarily assume
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd uddhi ... prabala
dang bcas pa {L}sayukta; {L}
dang du blang bya {MSA}(adhi vas):
{C}purity
become completely pure
{C}atha; {C}srdham and; or; with {C}but;

moreover; however; together with
accordance; agreeable {C}fitting; proper;

seemly
(sic) enter into purity
dag pa rab gyur
dag zhing ketrauddhi pure land

dag sa pure ground
dang {C}ca; {MSA}prasanna; {MSA}prasda;
328
dang du len pa {LCh}adhiseveti; {MSA}

adhivsa; {MSA}adhivsaka; {MSA}adhivsan
to voluntarily assume
dang dra ba similar

dang dra bai {C}pratirpaka (=
dang po bai sa ground of beginner

dang po sbyor ba sbyar
v-mtrea bodhisattva-cary-abhyupagamd)
which is similar {C}fake; which resembles
sbyor sbyard sbyord initial joining
dres/dre dres/dre dres dres {C}sa;

{C}sasa {C}mixed with
dang po bzhi {PH}the first four

dang po la gnyis te with respect to
(=prdurbhavanti); {C}sahayukta (=pratisayukta)

with; having; connected with; endowed with
{C}are brought along; are assembled; come forth;
connected
dang po gsum {PH}the first three

dang poi pai sa {C}dhikarmika-
dang dres pa
the first there are two [parts, divisions, etc]; {T}

the first has two [parts]
dang ldan {C}samgamati
dang ldan gyur {C}uyukta with;
having; connected with; endowed with {C}well

joined (together)
dang ldan pa {C}samanvgata; {C}
bhmi ground of a beginner
dang poi las {C}dikarma
{C}
beginner
dang poi las can {C}dhikarmaka

{C}beginner
dang poi sangs rgyas original
saprayukta; {C}pratisayukta; {C}samyukta;

{C}sahagata; {C}prayujyamna with; having;
connected with; endowed with {C}endowed
with; intent on; joined to; associated (with);
connected; entrusted to; accompanied by; engaged
in effort
Buddha
dang por initially{BJ 28.2}; first; at the

beginning
dang pa {C} prmodya (=yuddhat cittasya

ity ram = hara-viea) {C}elation; rejoicing
dang po {C, MV}dya; {MSA}di;
{LCh,MSA,MV,C}prathama; {MV}prathamam
first {C}at first; from the beginning
dang po kho na nas brtsams
pa {MSA}dita evrabdha() from just the first
dang por skye ba {MSA}dya utpda

originally produced
dang por re zhig at the beginning,

first of all
dang ba {MSA}prasanna; {MSA}prasda; {C}

dang bar gyur te = prasdhayati (=adho nayet)
clear; pure {C}clears up
dang ba nyid {MSA}acchat purity;
clarity
dang po lnga {PH}the first five
dang po nyid {ntideva} {PH}the very dang ba rab {MSA}prasda (suprasda)
completely pure; completely clear
first
dang bai dad pa faith of clear
dang po ltar na in the first case ...{BJ
delight
43.1}
dang bai shugs {MSA}prasda-vega
dang po dang og {MV}prathama-
force of purity; force of clarity
dvitya first and second
dang po ba dhikarmika beginner
329
dang bar gyur te
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}prasdhayati
dwangs cha factor of subjective clarity

dang bral free of; devoid of
dwangs ma (1) main; (2) clear
dang bral ba {C}apagata; {C}vigata; {C}
vigatatva; {C}vimukta free of; devoid of {C}all dad rten {PH}relics
gone; vanished; separated; freed from; emancipated; dad stobs {PH}great faith
free from; freed; separated; has departed
dad thob thob/thob
dang bral ba gyur pa {C}apagata;
thob thob thobs {C}raddh-prpta {C}one
(=adho nayeti) clarify; purify {C}clears up
{C}vimukta free of; devoid of {C}all gone;

vanished; separated; freed from; emancipation
who has attained faith
dad dang dun la brten pa
dang bral bar {C}avagama free of;
{MSA}raddh-cchanda-pratihita depend upon

faith and aspiration
devoid of {C}absence
dang sbrags nas in conjunction
dad ldan {MSA}rddha having faith;
with; together with
faithful
dang tshung ldan accompanies

dang len {MSA}adhivsa to voluntarily
dad pa {C,MSA,MV}raddha; {MSA}
assume
dang sems dang ldan pa {MSA}

prasanna-citta pure mind; clear mind
dang lhan cig rtsod par byao

{C}srdha veditavyam {C}put on
dang lhan cig mtshungs

par bya bar {C}(srddha) samkaroti {C}
considers equal to
dang lhan cig
dad pa skyed par byed pa
raddhys ... avaropat (or: avaropaa)

produce faith
mtshungs par bya bar {C}srdha samkaroti

{C}consider equal to
dad pa bskyed nas
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {MSA}prasda
dwang cha factor of subjective clarity

dvang bai dad pa;
janayitv having produced faith
dad pa can
{PH}faithful
dad pa
dang bai dad pa *prasdaraddh faith of

clarity
dangs pa {MSA}prasdita clear; pure

dangs pa nyid {MSA}acchat clarity;
can ga zhig gis gzhung cha tshang re rei nas

zhog gu re tsam brkus; Some of the faithful have
even stolen a few pages from each complete text.
{GCG} p.17
purity
dad pa thob pa

thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}prasda-lbha
obtain faith
dwangs {LCh}prasanna clear; pure;

sparkling
raddadhna; {MSA,MV}raddh; {C}

raddadhnat; {C,MSA}prasda {C}
(=abhisampratyaya-darand abhivardhamnaradda = buddha-dharma-sagha-aya =
guavattva-darand bhakti-viea); {MSA}
bhakti; {MSA}ruci; {C}astitvena-abhisapr
faith; devotion {C}serenity; serene faith; serene
confidence; serene belief; trust; confidence; faithful
acceptance
330
dad pa dag {C}rddha pure faith;
prasdati have faith
faithful {C}full of faith; believing
dad pa dang dga ba
non-faith; unfaithful {C}non-believing
dang bloi rgyu {MSA}bhakti-tui-buddhi-hetutva

cause of faith, happiness, and knowledge
dad pa dang ldan pa {C}rddha
having faith; faithful {C}full of faith; believing
dad pa mang ba raddha-bahula
dad pa yid la byed pa {MSA}

{MSA}prasda-paripka thoroughly mature
faith
tight; firm; excellent; holy; (3) promise {PH}

excellent; holy; promise; vow
thesis
dam bca ba {MV,MSA}pratij
dad pa la
thesis; promise; Defender
sogs pa dge bai chos su snang ba

snang snang snang snang {MSA}raddhdikuala-dharmbhsa appear as virtuous
qualities, faith and so forth
dam bca bai blo awareness which

promises
dad pa la sogs pai rnam
pa {MSA}raddhdy-kra aspects of faith and

so forth
dad pai rjes su brang
dam bca tsam mere thesis{LG 30.5}
{PH}mere thesis
[Your argument] is exhausted as a mere thesis that
lacks a proof. {LG 30.4}
dam bcas {C}pratij thesis; promise

{C}pledge
bai sa la {C}raddh-anusri-bhmi {C}

ground/stage of a Faith-follower
dam bcas pa {MSA}pratijatva thesis;
dad pai dbang po {MSA}
promise
dam chos {LCh,C,MSA}sad-dharma the
raddhendriya faculty of faith
dad pai sa raddha-bhmi ground of
excellent doctrine; Buddhism
dam chos bsgrub par bya ba
faith
{C}full of
{MSA}saddharma-pratipatti follow the excellent

doctrine
faith; believing
dam chos cher gzung
{C}do
you have faith!
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}saddharma-mah-parigraha apprehend the excellent

doctrine as great
dad par gyur pa {MV}raddadhna

have faith
dam chos yun ring gnas pa
{MSA}sad-dharmasya sthitir drgh abide in the
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {MSA}(pra sad):
dam v (1) or; and; question particle; (2)
dam bca {LCh}pratij thesis; promise

dam bca rnal ma {PH}genuine
dad pa yongs su smin pa
dad par gyur
faith; unfaithful {C}unattached; non-attached
deity who has promised to defend Buddhism
ruci-manaskra mental contemplation of faith
dad par gyis {C}raddadhata
dad ma yin {C}asakta; arddha non-
dam can [promise-having]; name of a
much faith
dad par {C}rddha faithful
dad par med par {C}arddha
331
dam pai chos
excellent doctrine for a long time
dam chos legs gzhag pa
dran pa nye bar gzhag pa {PH}Application of

Mindfulness of the True Dharma [Stra]
{MSA}sudharma-suvyavastha well established in

the excellent doctrine
dam pai
dam pa {LCh,C}vara; {C}pravara; {C}
chos ma yin pa yongs su dzin pa

gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}asaddharma-
uttama; {LCh,C,MSA,MV}parama; {MSA}para;

{MSA}paramata; {C}agra; {C}reha; {C}sat;
{C}sra (=pradhna); {C}pradhna excellent;
ultimate; highest {C}highest; best; supreme;
unsurpassed; utmost; finest; very fine; excellent;
highly; exceedingly; completely; foremost; most;
farthest; most excellent; top; beginning; boon;
choicest; supreme; a person of authority core;
substance; of substantial excell
parigrhaka apprehend what is not the excellent

doctrine {C}one who upholds what is not true
Dharma
dam pai chos dzin pa
sad-dharmasya dhraa() apprehend what is

not the excellent doctrine
dam pa ma yin pai chos asat- dam pai chos
yun ring du gnas par bya ba {C}(saddharma)

cira-sthiti-hetor make the excellent doctrine
abide for a long time {C}so that it may last long
dharma false doctrine
dam pa ma
yin pai chos yongs su dzin pa

gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}asaddharmaparigrha apprehend what is not the excellent
doctrine {C}takes hold of what is not true
Dharma
dam pa min
dam pai don {C,MSA,MV}parama-
artha; paramasyrtha object of the highest

[wisdom]; object of the ultimate; ultimate truth;
ultimate object {C}highest truth; other truth
dam pai don du {C}paramrthena
{PH}inappropriate;
as the ultimate; in terms of the ultimate truth;

ultimately {C}from the standpoint of highest
truth; in ultimate reality
unseemly
dam pa yin pa {C}paramatva
dam pai don du yod exists
excellence {C}supreme
dam pa yin pa {C}paramatva
{PH}
ultimately
sat-dharma excellent doctrine{N}; true doctrine
dam pai don ni grub pa
chos kyang yun ring du gnas par gyur {MSA}

cira-sthitiko bhavati (sad-dharma ca-) abide also
in the excellent doctrine for a long time
dam pai legs bshad
being excellence
dam pai chos {C,MSA,N}saddharma;

dam pai
dam pai chos jig
grubs {MSA}nipanna-paramrtha establish the

ultimate truth
{PH}
good explanations of excellent [beings]
dam par sgrub pa
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MV}param

pratipatti establish as ultimate; ultimately
established
pai dus kyi tshe {C}saddharmasya-antardhnakla-samaya the time of the disintegration of

the excellent doctrine {C}the period when true
Dharma disappears
332
dam po {MSA}gha tight; firm

dam por byed par {C}gh-karoti
{C}tighten
dam sbring nge ba tightly; tenaciously

dam sbring sbring tightly; tenaciously
dam tshig {LCh,C}samaya [promise-
word]; promise; pledge; vow {PH}commitment;

pledge
dam tshig sdom pa gnyis ngo bo gcig ldog pa tha
dad the two, promise and vow, are one entity and
different isolates
dam tshig gi phyag rgya {LCh}
continuum]; river
Tara
dam tshig can [promise-word-
having]; one who has a promise {PH}holder of

commitments
{PH}
dam tshig pa samaya-sattva
dal ba {LCh,C,MSA}kaa; {MSA}ithila

leisure {C}moment; instant; rebirth at an
auspicious moment
the wish to extract the essence with respect to

leisure{MSI 514}
dal bar skye ba {MSA}kaopapatti
commitment-seal
produce leisure; produce in a moment
dal bus gently; quietly; gradually

dal byor {LCh}kaa-sapad;
{PH}
samayasattva; commitment-being
{PH}
kaasampad leisure and fortune
dal byor gyi skor rnams
commitment-master
dam sri gnome spirit

pad mai ngang tshul
bsgom bsgom sgom bsgoms

sgoms meditate on the topics of leisure and
fortune
{PH}[The
one who is] the nature of the Lotus [epith. of
Kamalala]
dal byor bco brgyad
dar/ dar/ dard/ dard/
{PH}
eighteen leisures and fortunes
spread; disseminate {PH}silk
eight leisures and ten fortunes
dal ba la snying po len dod
dam tshig dpa {PH}samayasattva

dam tshig phyag rgya {PH}
dar
{PH}
pa dag mthong nas {C}ka ca virgayata

payati {C}he sees that they have again lost the
fortunate rebirth
[promise-word-having]; pledge being; one

who has a promise (e.g. a tantric practitioner);
pledge-being; symbolic being {PH}holder of
commitments [e.g. a tantric practitioner]
dam tshig slob dpon
dal brgyad byor bcu
dal ba chud gson
pure commitments
dam tshig sems dpa
dar dbyangs silk-ribbon {VM}

dar yol {PH}adulthood
dal kaa leisure
dal gyis bab {BCA} mandkin
dal groi rgyun [gently-going-
{PH}Samaya
dam tshig rnam dag pa
spread; dissemination {PH}whole plant
{PH}Mandkin [Lake]
samaya-mudr pledge seal
dam tshig sgrol ma
dar gyi na bza {PH}silk clothing

dar rgyas gling Dar-gyay-ling
dar ba {MSA}vardhamna; {MSA}vddhi
333
dal byor rten
{PH}leisure and fortune
dal yams {PH}plague; epidemic

dig pa {C}lolla {C}tremulous
du {C}kati accusative, adverbial accusative,
du ma zhig many; plural
{PH}many;
manifold There
is also happiness for many sentient beings.
du ma ro gcig pa many-one
du mai ngo bo {C}aneka-rpa many
dative, and locative particle: to; in; as; -ly; at;

many; plural {C}how many?; some; several
du kha med pa
entities {C}in great variety; different in form;

one of the many
{PH}one who is
du zhig {C}katividha many; plural {C}of

du gcig cig at a certain time
how many kinds?
du ldan la la on a smoky pass{LSR 6b} dug {C,MSA}via poison
du ba {MV,MSA}dhma smoke
dug thams cad rab
tu zhi bar byed pa {C}praaman completely
du ba sngon long po blue rising
without suffering
pacify all poisons {C}cure
smoke
dug dang dres pa
du bai dngos rgyu direct cause of

smoke
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ du bai dngos su skyed byed/
Definition: direct producer of smoke
{MSA}vikrnta mixed with poison
du bai dngos su skyed byed
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed direct
producer of smoke
du byed de dag ni sgyu ma
du ma {C,MSA}aneka; {MV}anekatva; {MSA}
dung {LCh,C}akha conch-shell; shell

dung dkar ser
dung gi dkar po akha-ukla white
naika; {MSA}vibhavat; {C}vicitra; an-ekam

manifold; many; plural; plurality; multitude
{C}absence of oneness; manifold; brilliant
and multi-colored (meru); various; well-colored;
brilliant
conch shell
dud khung {PH}chimney

dud gro {LCh,MSA}tiryak; tiryac [bentgo]; animal
{C}
sundered from; freed; outside
Divisions: dbye ba/

1 bying na gnas pa/ 2 kha thor ba/ Divisions: (1)
abiding in lethargy (?); (2) (?)
du ma nyid {C,MV}anekatva plurality;

manifoldness {C}absence of oneness
du ma nyid pa {C}naikat (=anekat?)
dud gro kha thor ba animals

scattered [about the surface]
{C}non-manifoldness
du ma nyid ma yin pa {MSA}
dud gro bying na gnas pa
apthaktva non-manifoldness; non-plurality
(=apagatopalambha-viayatvn) {C}nonpoisonous
por snang bai dbang shes snang

snang snang snang sense consciousness to which
a white conch appears as yellow
lta bu {MSA}myopams te ... saskr those

compositional phenomenon are like an illusion
du ma chud pa {C}nirmukta
dug med pa {C}nirvia
animals living in the depths
334
dud groi gro ba {C}trya-gati
dul bai sems {C}dnta-cittat
disciplined mind {C}a mind completely tamed
{C}rebirth as an animal
dud groi jig rten {C}tirya-loka dul bai lha vintadeva Vintadeva
{C}world of animals
[p.n.]
dud groi rten can
gyi so soi skye bo ordinary beings having the

basis of animals; common being having the basis
of an animal
dub pa
bam dubs/ {C}khidyati; {MSA}klamatha fatigue;

to be fatigued; be tired {C}feel exhausted
dub pa med pa {MSA}akilsikatva
dum bu {Das} khaa section [of a text]

dum bu dum bu {PH}sections; pieces
duang {TN}samsata briefly
dur khrod {C}mna {C}burial ground
dur khrod kyi me {PU} mangni
disciplining
dus {C,MSA,MV}kla; {C}kli; {C}adhvan;
all times{BJ 23.4}
dus kun tu rtag pa permanent in

all times{BJ 23.4}
dus kyi khor lo
{PH}Klacakra;
Klacakra [Tantra]
dus kyi rgud pa {PH}Unfortunate Era

dus kyi sgo nas {MSA}klatas from
{PH}charnel
ground cloth
dur khrod pa {C}manika
{PH}one
who lives in a charnal ground {C}one who lives
in cemeteries
the viewpoint of time
dus kyi bye brag gis {MSA}klabhedena by divisions of time
{PH}charnal ground; sky
burial site
dul/ dul/ duld/
duld/ {MSA,C}dama; {C,MSA}dnta; {C}damana;

{C}damayti; {C}dntat; {MSA}vinta discipline;
tamed {C}completely tamed; self-discipline;
tames
dul ba byed pa damana disciplining

dul bai gnas su {C}damatha
dus kyis dpag tu med pa
nyid {MSA}klprameyat immeasurability of

time
dus kyis byas pa {MSA}kla-kta

made by time
dus khor klacakra [tantra] Wheel of

Time
dus ngang po {C}dukla bad time
{C}taming
dul bar byed pa damana
dus kun {MSA}sarva-kla all times

dus kun tu {MSA}sarva-samaya(m) in
{PH}charnal (mana) fire
dul ba
dul bar byao {C}damayati you
{MV}adhva; {MV}avasth; {MSA}samaya time;

occasion {C}period (of time)
not fatigued; not tired
dur khrod
having disciplined; taming {C}wander about (in

birth-and-death)
should discipline {C}tames
dub bam dub/ dub bam dubs/ dub/ dub
dur khrod kyi ras
dul bar gyur nas {C}sasarati
{C}unlucky time
335
dus nges pa klaniyata
dus mtha smallest unit of time

dus mtha skad cig ma smallest
{GD:123}
determinate temporal position
dus snga phyii phung poi
moment {GD:281} infinitesmal moment
dus mthai skad
rgyun continuum of the aggregates over time
dus gcig tu simultaneous; at one time

dus chogs {C}tu {C}right time; true
cig ma gyur pai bum pa pot which is a smallest

moment
dus dang por at the initial time [i.e.
time
dus ji srid du {MSA}kiyanta kla
when Buddha taught the Hnayna stras, which

imply that everything is established by way of its
own character]{BJ 27.6}
at what time?
dus ji srid pa {MSA}yvanta kla
dus dus klena klam from time to time;
at what time?
occasionally
dus mnyam du {MSA}sama-kla
dus dus su {C}klena klam from time
simultaneously{LG 30.2}; simultaneous with; at

the same time
to time {C}in due season and at regular times
dus nam zhig na after a while; after
dus mnyam du skye ba produced
some time
dus nam yang all the time

dus nam yang mi g.yo never
simultaneously{LG 30.2}
dus mnyam du byung ba

tulya-kla-pravtti arise simultaneously
more
dus mnyam pa nyid {MV}sama-
dus rnams rtag tu {C}nitya-klam;
klatva simultaneous
dus btabs {C}saketa
{C}expression;
date; agreed symbol; conventional symbol; verbal
expression
dus rtag tu {C}nitya-klam
permanently {C}invariably; constantly
dus dpag tu med pa {MSA}

aparimita-kla immeasurable time
dus dpag tu yod

pa dang dpag tu med pa {MSA}parimitparimitakla measurable and immeasurable time
dus brtan pai rtag pa
dus phyis {MSA}uttara-klam later time

dus bar par at the middle time [i.e.
permanent phenomenon which is stable in time
dus brten pai rtag pa
permanent phenomenon that abides all the time
when Buddha taught the Perfection of Wisdom

Stras]{BJ 27.7}
dus tha mar at the final time [i.e. when
dus ma dres pa klaniyata
Buddha taught the stras of the third wheel of

doctrine]{BJ 27.7}
{GD:123} determinate temporal position
dus thams cad {MSA}sarva-kla all

times
{C}sada-kli permanently {C}invariably;

constantly; for all time
336
dus min {C}kluhna {C}out of season

dus me kalgni fire of time {T}
dus tshigs savatsara year

dus gzhan {C}aparasmi-kli; {MSA}
dus las yol ba delay

dus shes pa nyid {MSA}kla-jat
klntara other time {C}at some time
cognition of time
dus gzhan na {MSA}klntarea at
dus su {MSA}klena klam; {C}adhvan
from time to time; at [that] time {C}period (of

time)
another time
dus gzhan na gag pa nyid
gag gag gags gags

{MSA}klntara-nirodha be stopped/obstructed/
destroyed/ceased/halted at another time
dus gzhan na sbyar ba
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}klntaraprayojya connected with another time
dus gzhan zhig na {C}aparasmi-
dus su smra ba {C}kla-vditva
{C}
speak in due season
dus gsum {MV}adhva-traya; {C}
tryadhva; {C}traiklika; {C}triyadhva; {MSA}lokatraya the three times [past, future, and present]
{C}the three periods of time; what is in the three
periods of time
dus gsum gtogs pa {C}
kli at some other time {C}at some time
dus gzhan la dgongs pa
tryadhva-ga {C}belonging to the three periods of

time
{MSA}klntarbhiprya thinking of another

time; in consideration of another time
dus bzang po {C}sukla a good time;

right time {C}lucky time(s)
dus rab tu dbye ba grang
dus gsum du rnam
par bzhugs pa {C}tryadhva-vyavasthita abiding

in the three times {C}who appears in the three
periods of time
dus gsum las nges
par grol ba grol grold

grol grold {C}tryadhva-vinirmukta definitely
released from the three times {C}it lies outside
the three periods of time
med pa {MSA}asakhyeya-prabheda-kla
countless divisions of time
dus ring {MSA}utka-klam a long time

dus ring du {PH}for a long time
de {C}tat; {MSA}tad eti; {C}tad ete (1) that;
dus re zhig {C}tvat-klik at some time
(2) continuative particle indicating that there is
{C}only for a certain time
more to come in the sentence, sometimes setting

off appositives and usually indicating that there
is another clause to the sentence; (3) past and
present participal {PH}[continuative syntactic
particle] {C}comes; has arrived yod de
[It] exists, hence ...
dus re zhig pa {MSA}tvat-klika at

some time
dus la mkhas pa {MV}adhvakaualya wise with respect to time
dus la sogs pai dbye ba

{MSA}adhvdi-bheda division of time and so
forth
dus laang ye shes ma

bsgribs pa {MSA}adhvany anvtajn nonobstructed in terms of time or exalted wisdom
337
de kun all those{BJ 68.4}

de skad at these words
de kha {PH}exactly that; that very same
That very same person was me.

{Das}
de kho na {MSA,MV}tattva reality;
illusion
de kho na nyid la jug {MSA}
suchness
de kho na nyid {MSA}tattva; {MSA}
satya; tathat [that-only-ness]; reality; suchness

[i.e., emptiness]
de kho na nyid kyi don {MSA}
tattvrtha meaning of reality; object of reality
de
kho na nyid kyi phyogs gcig la zhugs pai ting nge

dzin zhug jug zhugs zhugs
tattvrthaikadenu-praveasamdhi meditative
stabilization understanding suchness one-sidedly
de kho na nyid kyi lha suchness

deity
de kho na nyid khong du chud

pa {MSA}tattvdhigama understand reality
de kho na nyid rtogs
pai bring po rtogs rtogs

rtogs rtogs middling realizers of suchness [i.e.
Solitary Realizers, whose realization is greater
than that of Hearers, but inferior to that of
Bodhisattvas]{Lati}
de kho na nyid la jug pa {N}

tattvvatra entry into suchness{N}
de kho na nyid la rab
tu zhugs pa zhug jug

zhugs zhugs {MSA}tattve pravia entry into
suchness
de kho na gtan la dbab pa
de kho na gtan
la dbab/ bebs/ phab/ phob/ {N}tattva-vinicaya
settling of suchness {N}
de kho na dang bcas pai {C}

satattvena {C}in its true reality
de kho nai leu

byang sai de kho na nyid kyi leu tattvrthapaala
Chapter on Suchness in Asagas Grounds of
Bodhisattvas [which is the fifteenth section of his
Grounds of Yogic Practice (rnal byor spyod pai
sa, yogcrabhmi)]
de kho nar in reality

de gang what are ...?{BJ 29.1}
de brgyad g.yo gul byas
de kho na nyid ston pa {MSA}
tattva-darik indicate reality; teach suchness
de kho na nyid du grub pa
nas through vibrating 100 [worlds]
tattva-siddhi established as [the objects own]

suchness; existence as [its own] suchness
de cii phyir why is this?{S}

de cii phyir zhe na why is this?{S}
de gcig pu {C}ekkina {C}some
de nyid {C;MSA} tattva; {MSA} satattva
de kho na nyid ma
mthong ba la brten pa {MSA}ada-satyraya

depending on not seeing reality
de kho na nyid rab tu rtogs
pa rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs

{MSA}prabuddha-tattva realize reality; realize
suchness
{PH}reality; suchness
de nyid
de kho na
{PH}principle
principles {AGP} v.8a
ten
de nyid {PH}that very [thing]; just that itself

de nyid gong ma the previous just
nyid la sgyu ma lta bu yongs su tshol ba

{MSA}tattve myopama-paryeih thoroughly
investigate/examine/research reality as like an
tattva praviati; tattvvatra entry into

suchness
those
338
de nyid mchog {MSA}sutattva highest de snyed {C}tntaka {C}snare

reality
de snyed cig {PH}just how many; just
de nyid dang
how much
gzhan las rnam par grol ba
de lta {PH}such; just; exactly; just so
grol grold grol grold {MV}tattvnyatvavinirmukta liberated from just that and from
de lta na in that case{BJ 18.3}
other
de lta na yang {PH}in that case;
de nyid don {MSA}tattvrtha meaning of
moreover
de lta na yang
reality; object of reality
de nyid di yin no {MSA}tad

evedam just that is this
de nyid bsdus pa
{PH}Compendium
of the Suchness of All the Tathgatas Tantra (sarvatathgata-tattva-sagraha tantra)
de nyid zab mo mthong {MSA}
tattva-gambhra-di seeing the profound reality

{T}
de nyid bzang rtogs
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}tattva-
de lta bu {L}evam; {MSA}kti such; thus;

jtiya {C}of such a kind/nature
de lta bu byung bai sde
byung byung byung byung {C}itivttaka;
gtan concentration of the three principles;

concentrations of the three principles {PH}
concentration of the three principles
de kho na nyid {C,MSA}tattva; {MSA}satattva;

tathat suchness; reality; principle {C}just
that; Thatness; truly real; thatness; reality itself
{C}iti-uktaka discourses [which report] what

was said {C}Thus-was-said
de lta bui rang bzhin du {C}

tath-rpa of such a nature {C}such as; his
de lta bur ni evam eva just this; just
de nyid; de kho na nyid tattva
thus
de lta ma yin na {MSA}itarath not
suchness
de gnyis gang rung ma yin
like that; not thus
pa {PH}being neither of those two
de gnyis gang rung ma yin

pai which is neither of those two
de ltar {LCh,MSA,MV}tath; {C}eva; {MV}
evam; {C}eva ktv; {MV 2.1}iti [that-like];

being this way; in that way; such; like that; thus;
just so; in that way{BJ 23.7} {C}the very; just;
surely; still; real; ever; forever; having done as
de ltar nga la mngon sum du
{PH}
{C}(mam) samukhbhtam {C}face to face
enumeration as these two
tasmt tarhi therefore{BJ 33.4} {C}therefore

then
de lta bu dang thun pa {C}eva
de nyid gsum gyi bsam
de gnyis las from these two

de gnyis su grangs pa
de lta bas na {C}tasmhu; {MV.II.14}

as; so; just; exactly
bodha understand reality well
de nyid; de kho na nyid
bdag dang bdag gi ba la chags pa dang ldan pa la

de las jigs pa byung ngo zhes smrao/ In that
case, moreover, it is said that fear arises in one
who possesses attachment to ones self and ones
possessions. {A4C-C}
339
(with me)
de ltar mnyam pa nyid

du mthong ba ni {C}tda (=tathrpa) {C}
such as
de ltar tho ba the attainment of such

de ltar du similarly; such; this is so; in
rnams du du/dud dus

dus this and that compounded phenomenon{BJ
60.1}
de dang der here and there

de dang mi mthun {MV 3.17}tadvilakaa not concordant with that
that way{BJ 36.4}
de ltar na thus; in that case; in this way

de ltar naang nevertheless
de ltar bu {L}evam just so; exactly; in
de dang yon tan dra zhing

{C}tad-gua {C}of like quality
de dang lhan cig {C}saha together

with; connected with
that way
de dus tsa na
{PH}at that time

de dus tsa na
bod pa mang po bi kra ma shi lar groi sgang yin;
At that time, it was a period when many Tibetans
were going to Vikramala. {GCG} p.21
de ltar byas te he did so ...

de ltar byed pa differentiation
de ltar med {MV}tath nsti not so; not
de dra thus; likewise; such
de
like that
de ltar yang in the same way{BJ 16.5};

also{BJ 22.2}
de ltar gsungs pa such is said

de ltas {C} tasmhu {PH}therefore
de ltas des {C}tasmhu {C}therefore
dren mi nus par phyis byung tha snyad pai tshad

ma gzhan la brten dgos pai gsar du mi slu bai
rig pa new incontrovertible knower that is
unable to induce such [ascertainment] but must
depend upon another later conventional direct
perception
(then)
de ltas di ltar {C}tasmhu-nma

{C}therefore thus
de dag [that-s]; those; these; plural marker

de dag kyang bsdus na
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus when/if those
also are condensed
de dag gang zhe na what are

these?{BJ 63.2}
de dag thams cad {MV 3.17}tat

sarvam all those
de dag mtshan mar {C}tan-nimitta

signs of those {C}in consequence of that
de dang de las dus byas
340
de na then; there
de nang du {C}adhytmika
{C}inward;
inwardly
de nas {C}tasym; {C}uttari; {C}ata-uttari;
{C}tatas [that-from]; then; from that; therefore

{C}further (on); except therefore-going;
thereupon; because of that; (from) there; thereby; in
front of it
de ni gnas nas g.yo ba {C}

sthnata calati {C}move away from that
position
de phyir {C}artha; {C}sattvrthi (=tasmhu?)
because of that; therefore wealth; aim; fortune;
benefits; entity; meaning; something of value; for
the welfare of beings
de ba shar ma devaarma{DASI 581.6}

Devaarma [p.n.?] {T}
de bas na therefore; for that reason

de byung brel tadutpatti-sabandha;
tadutpatti causal relationship; relationship of

provenance {GD:221} relation of provenance
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ khyod de dang tha dad gang zhig
khyod de las byung ba/ Definition: (1) it is different
from that; and (2) it arises from that
de ma thag rkyen {LCh}samanantarapratyaya immediately preceding condition
mtrakea {C}may regard that as a sufficient

reason to
de tsam zhig {C}tena tvan mtrakea

{C}may regard that as a sufficient reason to
de tsam zhig byed par

gyur te {C}tena tvan mtrakea {C}may
regard that as a sufficient reason to
de tshe {C}tad; {C}vel; {C}tatu (=tad) at

that time {C}then; occasion; from that
de bzhin {TN}tath; {C}tatha [that-like];

like that; thus {C}likewise
de bzhin kyang {C}ki ca-api
{C}but
if; although
de ma thag pa {MSA}samanantara
de bzhin nyid {LCh,MV,MSA}tathat;
immediately precede
{C,MSA}tathtva; {MV}tatht; {MSA}tattva

thusness; suchness {PH}thusness
de ma thag pai ting nge
de bzhin nyid kyi ngo bo
dzin {PH}an immediately preceding meditative

stabilization
tathbhva entity of suchness
de ma dag rkyen samanantarapratyaya de bzhin nyid kyi

immediately preceding condition
mtshan nyid du yod pa {MSA}tathat-lakaabhva exist as the character of suchness
de med par {C}vinya (=vin-ayam?)
de bzhin
{C}without it
de tsa na {PH}at that time

de tsam just that; merely that
{PH}subtle
object
de tsam na {PH}about that time

de tsam gyi tshod kyis ni {C}
de bzhin nyid rnam par dag

pa {MSA}viuddh ... tathat completely pure
suchness
de tsam gyis {C}tavat; {C}adypi; {C}
et-vat; {C}tvan-mtrakea by just that {C}

then; and; by that much; nevertheless; thereby; by
this much; may regard that as a sufficient reason to
de tsam gyis de ma yin pa
de bzhin nyid snang ba nyid

tathaty khyna(t) appearance as suchness
de bzhin nyid ma gtogs

par {C}tathat-vinirmukta (=vyatirikta) not
included within suchness {C}distinct from
suchness; shut out from suchness
{C}tvan-mtrakea {C}may regard that as a

sufficient reason to
de bzhin nyid du gsung ba

{C}tath-vdin {C}he speaks of what is
tvat {C}by that much; then
de tsam gyis phyi phyir {C}tvan-
nyid tha dad pai rang bzhin ma yin pa {MSA}

tathaty abhinnatvt is not a nature that is
different from suchness
341
de bzhin gshegs tathgata; {C}
de bzhin nyid ma yin pa {C}

atathat not suchness {C}no-suchness
nararabha [thus-gone]; One Gone Thus;

epithet of the Buddha {C}the Great Bull; the
mightiest of men
de bzhin nyid dmigs ye

shes dmigs dmigs
dmigs dmigs {MSA}tathatlambana jnam
exalted wisdom observing suchness
de bzhin gshegs nyid {MSA}

tathgatatva Tathgatahood
de bzhin nyid la dmigs
de bzhin gshegs pa tathgata
pa dmigs dmigs
dmigs dmigs {MSA}tathatlambana object of
observation with respect to suchness
[thus-gone]; One-Gone-Thus; epithet of the

Buddha
de bzhin gshegs pa nyid {C}
de bzhin nyid; tatht thusness

de bzhin tu {PH}similarly
de bzhin du {LCh,MV}evam; evam eva;
tathgatatva {C}Tathgatahood
de bzhin gshegs pa
snying po can {C}tathgata-garbha having the

tathgata-essence; {T} having the essence of a
One Gone Thus; having the matrix of a One
Gone Thus {C}womb/embryo of the Tathgata
{LCh,MSA,MV,C}tath; {C}tathaiva similarly;

likewise{D2} {C}in the same way; just thus; just
so; such; likewise; further; and so; thereupon; in
consequence also; and so is
de bzhin gshegs pa rtag
de bzhin du gnas pa nyid
tu {C}vata-sarva-tathgata-jna-mudrprpta-sarva-tathgata-mui-dhara [p.n. of a
Tathgata]
{MSA}tath-sthita abiding similarly
de bzhin du bzhed pa similarly
de bzhin gshegs pa rtag
asserts{LG 24.2}
pa {C}vata-sarva-tathgata-jna-mudrprpta-sarva-tathgata-mui-dhara [p.n. of a
Tathgata]
de bzhin du yod pai

stong pa nyid {MSA}tath-bhvasya nyat
emptiness that exists similarly
de
de bzhin gnas {MSA}tath sthita(sya)
bzhin gshegs pa thams cad kyi khor lo dus pa

du du/dud dus dus
{C}sarva-tathgata-cakra-antargata [p.n. of a
Tathgata]
abide thus; abide like that
de bzhin gnas pa {MSA}
de bzhin gshegs pa thams
tathvasthatva abide like that; abide thus
de bzhin min {MSA}na ... tath not

like that{BJ 38.1}
de bzhin med pai phyir {MSA}
cad kyi ye shes kyi phyag rgya thob pa de bzhin

gshegs pa thams cad kyi khu tshur dzin pa de bzhin
gshegs pa rtag pa vata-sarva-tathgata-jnamudr-prpta-sarva-tathgata-mui-dhara [p.n.
of a Tathgata]
tath bhvt because it is not like that
de bzhin dzin pa {GST} dhra

{PH}retention
de bzhin gshegs pa
de bzhin yod {MSA}tath bhvt;
rnams sku rtag pa {MSA}nitya-kys tathgat

permanent body of Tathgatas
{MSA}tath bhva exist like that; exist thus
342
de bzhin gshegs pai

de yang de dang dra ba nyid du gyur;
de bzhin gshegs pai
de yan chad {C}ata uttari; {C}uttari;
de bzhin gshegs pai
de yi rgyu {C}tad-dheto cause of that
snying po {LCh}tathgata-garbha matrix-ofone-gone-thus; Tathgata essence; essence of a

One Gone Thus; matrix of a One Gone Thus
de yang de dang dra ba nyid du gyur ro it is just

like that, and will be just like that{S1}
snying po can {MSA}tathgata-garbha having

the Tathgata essence
{MSA}atah para() everything beyond that

point {C}except the foregoing; further (on)
sprul pa {C}tathgata-nirmita emanation of a

Tathgata; emanation of a One Gone Thus {C}
a magical creation of the Tathgata
de bzhin
gshegs pai ye shes dang ldan pa {MSA}saha

tathgata-jnena having the exalted wisdom of
a One Gone Thus
de bzhin gshegs
{C}caused by that
de yi ngo bo {C}tad-bhvena essence of

that {C}as a result of having such an existence
de yi du shes {C}ahusajat
conception of that {C}notion of I
de yi og tu {MSA}tata para()
higher than that
pai rigs su skye ba {MSA}tathgata-kule janma

produce the lineage of a One Gone Thus
de bzhin gshegs pai sa la

{MV}bhmau tathgaty on the ground of a
One Gone Thus
de rang bdag gcig brel

related as its own essence (?)
Definitions:

mtshan nyid/ khyod de dang tha dad
gang zhig de rang bdag nyid gcig pai sgo nas brel ba
grub pa/ Definition: (1) it is different from that;
de
and (2) that is established as connected from the

point of view of being one essence (?)
bzhin gshegs pas gsungs pa bzhin smra ba

tathgatasyoktavdin; one who correctly
propounds the speech of the One Gone Thus
{C}one who correctly preaches the Tathgata-truth
de bzhin gshegs rigs
su skye ba {MSA}tathgata-kule janma produce

the lineage of a One Gone Thus
de bzhin bshegs pa tathgata

Tathgata
de ring now; presently; today

de
ring gi dus su das pai don dran pai rtog pa

consciousness that remembers a past object at
the present time
de ring gi dus su ma ongs pai don mngon par

dod pai rtog pa consciousness wishing for a
future object at the present time
de zung brel gyi tshogs
sgrub achieving through the collection of a

union of those [that is; calm abiding and special
insight]
de la {C}tatra; {C}atas with respect to that;
moreover
de la dir here with respect to that

de la dun pai dun pa
in that {C}among these; therefore and; to that;

for that reason; from that; from this; from him; than
him
de ang deang also{S}

de yang [that-also]; furthermore; further;
343
master]; captain; master; p.n. of a Buddha
{PH}captain; chief; guide {C}caravan leader;
merchant
At that time and in that life, that
captain who killed the [other] captain was just me.
aspiration which is an aspiration for that
de las {C}tatu (=tad) {C}then; from that

de las byung ba
byung byung byung byung {MV}tat-pratyaya
arisen from that
Vinaya vastu = H 1: vol. 2, folio/line 501b.3-.4
deb book [european style]

deb sngon pa {PH}Blue Annals
deang also
dei rkyen gzhan
de las mang ba mi skyi pai
tshe when not more than that is produced{LG}
de las gzhan dang gzhan

med {MSA}tad-anynybhva different and
non-different from that
kyi stobs kyis byung ba byung

byung byung byung arisen through the force of
their other conditions{BJ 28.4}
de las gzhan pa other than that

de las gzhan pai don the
dei skad cig gnyis pa la
meaning of something else
de las gzhal med {C}na tu yo
{PH}in the next period
dei gong de ma thag tu
parea (?) {C}incomparable
de las zur du different from that{BJ
immediately/right/just before that
dei rgyus {C}tan-nidnam because of
44.7}; separately
de las bzlog {C}vraymi opposite
that {C}on account of that
dei ngo bor snang ba
from that; opposed to that {C}I restrain from
de las lhag pa something exceeding
snang snang snang snang {MSA}tad-bhvena/

bhva pratibhsita appear as the entity of that
that{BJ 66.3}
dei sngon du prior to that

dei mjug thogs su
de sa du {PH}what particular stage

de srid [that-exist]; just so long
de srid du just so long as
deng {PH}now; presently
deng nas {BCA} tata {PH}from just
dei rjes la thob pa shes bya mtha
yas pai yul can gyi ye shes kyi lam {MSA}(tat)

pha-labdhnanta-jeya-viaya-jna-mrga
path of exalted wisdom--attained subsequent to
that--having limitless knowables as its objects
{BCA} I.18-.19
deng sang
{PH}these days; nowadays

di rgya gar na
deng sang kun gyis slob rgyui gzhung yin; This is
a text that must be studied by everyone nowadays in
India. {GCG} p.22
{PH}
immediately after this
that point on; from now on

At whatever [point] ... from just that point on ...
ded dpon {C,MSA}srtha-vha [move-
344
dei rjes su subsequently

dei rjes
su shes sgrib spong bar byed pa yin te

spang spong spangs spongs ... and
subsequently serves to abandon the obstructions
to omniscience{PGP 83}
dei ris su gtogs pa {C}tan-
dei steng du in addition to those

dei don med {MV}nsti csyrtha
nikyam {C}belongs to the same class
not the meaning of that
dei gnas skabs su
{PH}on this
occasion
dei phan yon

bstod bkur bsngags gsum stutistomapraas
praise; extolling; and lauding of the benefits of
that [Great Vehicle path of meditation of belief]
therefore; for that reason
dei phyogs gcig

nyon sgrib kun btags {PH}the artificial afflictive
obstructions which are one part of [the afflictive
obstructions]
der snang bai sems tsam
der ma zad not only that ...

der yang {C}tatra moreover {C}therein
des tena; {C}na (=tena) therefore; for that
reason
dei byed pa ma nyams pa
des na therefore; for that reason

des pa {C}rata; {C}srata {C}heroic;
{GD:532} as long as its influence lasts
dei tshe {C}tad; vel; {C}(tatra-)
gentle
avasthym at that time {C}then; occasion;

thereupon
do particle indicating the end of a statement
dei
{PH}some portion (of); approximately; roughly;

[prefix suggesting approximation]; equal; match;
equivalent; (arch.) two a
whole nine months and some portion of a tenth
tshe tshigs su bcad pa di dag bka stsal to

stsal stsol stsald stsold at that time
[Buddha] spoke these stanzas
{YJD}
dei mtshan nyid can {C}tal-
lakaam has the sign of that {C}has the same

mark
dei gzhi las {MSA}tan-nidna()
do gal {PH}importance; weight

do gal {BCA} bala {PH}force; power
dogs {LCh}ak; {C}kkati; {C}kk;
{MSA}oka qualm; fear; doubt {C}hesitates;
desires; doubts; hesitation
from the base of that
dei og tata after that [lit.: under
dogs gcod eliminate qualms{BJ 34.7}
that] then; thereafter
dei og tu {C}punar eva; {MV}tatas
{GD:508} eliminate doubts
dogs dang bral ba {MSA}apagata-
after that [lit.: under that]{Lati}
dei rang bzhin can {C}tat-
oka free from doubts
dogs pa {LCh}ak; {C}akita;
svabhvam having the nature of that {C}has

the same own-being
{C}prayojana qualm; fear; doubt {C}

apprehensive; necessary; useful; dread
{PH}now
sense direct perceiver which is that
tad-bhsa ... citta-mtra mere mind that

appears as that
dei phyir tena hi because of that
dei ring
dei sa du {PH}what particular stage

der as that; in that way; in that
der gyur pai dbang mngon
345
don gyi thob tshod measure [that is,
dogs pa skye generate the qualm that

...{BJ 18.3}
level] of meaning gotten at
dogs pa khong
bslang; dogs pa khong slong hypothetical qualm
dogs pa khong
bslang/ dogs pa khong slong hypothetical qualm
don gyi dam pa {MV}paramartha

highest truth
don gyi sde tshan dag gi mdo

arthavargya-stra Collection of Meanings
Stra
dwogs qualm; doubt{LG}

dwogs zon {PH}caution
dong dong / dongs/
don gyi sde tshan mdo artha-
vargya-stra Collection of Meaning Stra{BJ

68.1}
don gyi sdod lugs objective mode
dong / dongs/ {C}prakrnta {PH}walk; journey

{C}moved away
of subsistence{N}
dong rang mtshan gyi
don gyi bya ba {MSA} artha-kriy
gzhan gsel arthtmaka-svalakanypoha

{GD:379} objective negation, the thing itself when
negatively characterized; {GD:380} objective
exclusion
{PH}attending to [someones] needs
don gyi dbang import of the
meaning{DK 3.15}; by the power of the fact
dod substitute
don gyi dbang de mthong
bas by seeing the import of the meaning {C}
dod thub possible equivalents
considering (which) reasoning
don {MSA,MV}artha; {C}arthatas; {MSA}krya; don gyi dbang diang
{MSA}parakrya; {MSA}kryatva{?}; {MV}bhva
meaning; meaningful; meaningfulness; topic;
welfare; sake; object; fact; purpose; goal {C}
according to ultimate reality; (according to) its
meaning
don lkog gyur na mo
mthong nas by also seeing the import of the

meaning {C}when he considers this sequence of
events
don gyi gzhan sel
{GD:542}
bsal sel bsald seld {GD:406} objective

exclusion
Definitions:
object
mtshan nyid/ ma yin dgag gi gzhan
can gyi dbang mngon gyi tshad ma sense direct

perceiver having a familiar object
common locus between: (1) being an othereliminator that is an affirming negative; (2) and
being ultimately able to perform a function
hidden object
don goms pa can having a familiar
don goms pa
don gyi cha artha
gzhi mthun par dmigs pa/ Definition: an observed
dbye ba/ 1 don rang mtshan gyi don
Divisions:
{GD:362}
objective factor in the object
don gyi rjes su zhugs pa
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C}artha-
rang mtshan gyi gzhan sel/ 2 don rang mtshan gyi

bloi gzhan sel/ 3 don rang mtshan gyi med dgag gi
gzhan sel/ Divisions: (1) other-eliminator which is
prpta (?) {C}modeled on an objective entity
sel yang yin/ don dam par don byed nus pa yang yin pai
346
a factual specifically characterized phenomenon that
is a factual specifically characterized phenomenon;
(2) other-eliminator that is an awareness that is a
factual specifically characterized phenomenon; (3)
non-af
don gyi od gsal actual clear light/

exemplified clear light
don gyis {N}artht [by the meaning];

implicitly{N}
don gyis rtogs pa
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {GD:515} arthpati

{GD:515} realize by implication
don gyis bstan
don gyis zhus implicitly ask a question

don gyur gyi the tshom doubt
tending toward the fact
don grub siddhrtha Siddhrtha
don gyur translation of the meaning

don gyur gyi the tshom doubt
don gcig pa {C}eka-arthat
synonymous {C}there is only one single meaning
don gcig ming gi rnam
grangs synonymous equivalent; equivalent and

synonymous
don gcig med anekrtha non-
don che ba nyid great meaningfulness

don chen nyid {C}mah-arthat great
purpose {C}that which brings about the great
aim
don chen po {MSA}artho mahn; {MSA}

don chen po mthong
tending toward the fact; doubt tending to the

factual
ba yid la byed pa {MSA}mhrthya-sadaranamanaskra mental contemplation observing the

great meaning
don gyur the tshom factually
don chen po byed pa {C}
concordant doubt
don sgra ji bzhin ma yin pa
mahrthika {C}greatly profitable
don chen legs rtogs
{MSA} yathrutrtha {PH}non-literal meaning
don sgrub kyi rtags sign proving

mahrtha-bodha (su-mahrtha-bodha)
understand well the great meaning
the meaning
don chos {GD:245} real property

don gnyer
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs clear realizer of

meaning; clear realization of the meaning
don ci zhig mthong nas {C}
gnyer/ gnyer/ gnyerd/ gnyerd/ {C}arthika; {C}

kma-artha; {MSA}arthin; {MSA}prrthita
seeking; seek; strive to produce {C}interested
in business; profitable; wants
kam arthavaa sapayamna having seen a

certain meaning/object {C}as a result of which
reasoning
pa/ Definition: (1) a possible common locus; (2)

the eight doors of pervasion are established
mahrtha; {MSA}mahrthatva; {C}mahrthika

great meaning; greatly meaningful {C}very
profitable
[personal name of the Buddha]
don gcig ekrtha; {MSA}eka-krya
gzhi mthun srid pa gang zhig khyab pa sgo brgyad nges
synonymous
bstan ston bstand stond implicitly explain
don mngon rtogs
equivalent; mutually inclusive {GD:284}

identity of equivalence
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
347
don gnyer ba {MSA} arthin
{PH}one
thogs imputed ultimate{N}
who is attentive
don dam rten
don stong nyid du gro ba
brel las das pai chos nyid ultimate noumenon

beyond dependent-arising
meaning arrives at emptiness; meaning involves

emptiness
don dam rtogs pa
don tha dad pa different factualities

don mthun {GD:648} yathrtha {PH}
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}paramrthabodha realize the ultimate
[one of] similar purpose {GD:648} factual

When [someone with] a similar
purpose had left, ... {A4C-C}
don dam du yod pa
paramrthasiddhi ultimate existence
don mthun pa {LCh}anvartha; {C}
samnrthat factually concordant {C}equally

important; consistency between words and deeds
don mthun pa nyid {MSA}
don dam bden pa paramrtha-
satya ultimate truth

Definitions:

mtshan nyid/ mdo sde pai lugs la/ don dam par don
byed nus pai chos/ Definition: (in the Stra School)
samnrthat factual concordance
don dang sgrub
a phenomenon that is ultimately able to perform

a function [thus phenomena such as pots, etc. are
ultimate truths in this system]
pa dang thob pa yongs grub object, practice, and

attainment thoroughly established natures
don dam rnam par
with the fact
don dam pa {C,MV,MSA}paramrtha;
don dang mthun pa concordant
don dang ldan {C}artha-yukta
{MV}paramrthat highest object; ultimate;

ultimate object {PH}ultimate
connected with the meaning {C}intent on what

is beneficial
don dang yi ge {MSA}artha

vyajana ca meanings and words
don dam {MSA,MV}paramrtha; {MV}

paramrthat ultimate; ultimate object
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 don don dam/ 2 thob pa don dam/
3 sgrub pa don dam/ Divisions: (1) objective
ultimate [i.e. suchness]; (2) attainment ultimate [i.e.
nirva]; (3) practice ultimate [i.e. exalted wisdom
of meditative equipoise]
don dam gyi dbyings basic
don dam pa ngo bo
nyid med pa ultimate-non-nature; ultimatenaturelessness
don dam
pa ngo bo nyid med pa jog tshul gnyis two modes

of positing the ultimate-non-nature
nyid med pa nyid paramrthanisvabhvat
ultimate-non-nature; ultimate-naturelessness
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 don don dam/ 2 thob pa don dam/
3 sgrub pa don dam/ Divisions: (1) objective
ultimate [i.e. suchness]; (2) attainment ultimate [i.e.
nirva]; (3) practice ultimate [i.e. exalted wisdom
of meditative equipoise]
don dam pa ngo bo
element of the ultimate
don dam dngos actual ultimate{N}

don dam btags pa ba
nges pai khor lo wheel of the ultimate, the

definitive; wheel ascertaining the ultimate
348
don dam pa ngo bo nyid med pa nyid; don dam
pa ngo bo nyid med pa paramrthanisvabhvat

ultimate-naturelessness; ultimate-non-nature
don dam pa ngo bo
nyid med tshul gnyis two modes of ultimate-nonnature
don dam pa ngo bo med
mhtmya greatness of the exalted wisdom of

the ultimate
don dam pai ye shes

la jug pa {MSA}paramrthika-jna-pravea
enter into the exalted wisdom of the ultimate
don dam pai sems bskyed

pa
{MSA}paramrthika-cittotpda produce the
pa paramrtha-nisvabhva ultimate nonentityness; {T} non-entityness in terms of the

ultimate
ultimate mind
don dam pai sems tsam
don dam pa stong pa nyid
Ultimate Mind-Only
{MSA}paramrtha-nyat ultimate emptiness;

name of a stra, The Ultimate Emptiness{BJ
50.5}
don dam pa dang ldan pa
don dam pai lha ultimate deity

don dam par paramrthatas
ultimately{D2}
yin te {C}paramrtha-upasahita having the

ultimate truth
don dam par grub pa
pa paramrthbhidharma Ultimate Manifest

Knowledge
don dam par ngo bo nyid
don dam pai chos mngon
paramrtha-siddha; paramrthasiddhi ultimate

establishment; ultimate existence
med pa ultimately natureless; non-natures

ultimately [that is, without the nature of existing
ultimately or by way of their own character]
don dam pai bden pa {MSA}

paramrtha-satya truth of the highest object;
ultimate truth
don dam pai bden pai

yul can {MSA}paramrtha-viaya having the
object of the ultimate truth
don dam pai dpyod pa ultimate

analysis
don dam pai tshad ma
don dam par don byed nus

pa ultimately able to perform a function
don dam par don

byed nus pai chos a phenomenon that is
ultimately able to perform a function
don dam par don
byed mi nus pai chos a phenomenon that is not

{N}paramrtha-prama ultimate valid

cognition{N}; ultimate valid cognizers
don dam par sdug bsngal
paramrtha-vtti mode of the ultimate truth
don dam par med pa absence of
ba {MSA}paramrtha-dukhatva ultimate
suffering
don dam pai tshul {MSA}
don dam pai mtshan nyid
ultimate existence; not ultimately existent
don dam par yod pa {N}
{MSA}paramrtha-lakaa characteristic of the

ultimate
don dam pai ye
paramrtha-sat ultimately exist
shes kyi che ba nyid {MSA}paramrtha-jna-
349
don dam pas bsdus pa
don dam shes pa {MSA}paramrtha-

paramrtha-saghta contained within the
ultimate
jna ultimate cognition
don dam dpyad
nas rnyed pai rigs shes reasoning consciousness

that has found the ultimate upon analysis;
rational consciousness that has found the
ultimate upon analysis
don dam dpyod pai
arthatas; {C}prati; {C}kte; {MSA}gang gi don du

= yad-artha [meaning-for]; for the sake of; for
the purpose of {C}in order to; with the object of;
for; on behalf of; about; as being; with regard to
don du chen po {C}mah-arthika

greatly meaningful {C}greatly profitable
don du chen po byed pa {C}
rigs shes rational consciousness analyzing the

ultimate; reasoning consciousness analyzing the
ultimate
mah-arthika greatly meaningful {C}greatly

profitable
don dam dpyod pai rigs
don du gnyer {C}prrthan; {C}
shes reasoning consciousness analyzing the

ultimate; rational consciousness analyzing the
ultimate
abhiprrthayate; {C}pratitihati (=pratitihate)

seek; strive to produce {C}ly down to; striving;
return to; rest in; stand firmly in; rely on; base
oneself on; eagerly wants to strive for
don dam
don du gnyer ba {C}prrthayati;
dpyod pai rigs shes kyis rnyed don object found

by a reasoning consciousness analyzing the
ultimate
{MSA}prrthan; {MSA}arthikatva; {C}arthikat;

{MSA}arthitva; {MSA}arthin seek; strive to
produce {C}intent; seeking; strive after; aspire
for; desire; zeal
don dam dpyod byed analyzers of

the ultimate
don dam dpyod byed kyi
don du gnyer ba byed pa {C}
rigs pa reasoning of ultimate analysis{N}
prrthayati seek; strive to produce {C}strive

after; aspire for
don dam byang chub kyi
don du gnyer ba ma yin {C}
sems paramrthabodhicitta ultimate mind of

enlightenment
anarthi not seek; not strive to produce {C}

without caring for
don dam byang
don du gnyer bar byed pa {C}
chub kyi sems bskyed bskyed

skyed bskyed skyed paramrthabodhicittotpda
ultimate mind generation

after; aspire for
don dam tshul {MSA}sad-artha-vtti
don du gnyer bya what is sought
ultimate mode
{GD:674} purposeful object
don dam mtshan characteristic(s) of
don du gnyer byed {C}prrthayati
seek; strive to produce {C}strive after; aspire
the ultimate{BJ 38.1}
don dam yang dag phags
for
don du gnyer byed pa {C}
{L}paramrtha-samudgata Paramrthasamudgata
don du {C,MV}artham; {C}arthya; {MSA}

after; aspire for
350
don du gnas par gyur pao

{C}savartate {C}is conducive to; lead to (a
rebirth)
don du mi gnyer {C}pratitihati
(=pratitihate) not seek; not strive to produce

{C}fly down to; return to; rest in; stand firmly in;
rely on base oneself on
don du mi gner ba {MSA}
don don dam pa object-ultimate

don dran {PH}memorandum
don bdun cu seventy topics
don di dri ba ask about the
don spyi kho na dzin
pai rtog pa gzung dzin

bzung zungs conceptual consciousness that only
apprehends a meaning generality
meaning; question about the meaning
don spyi sgra spyi
{C}
desiring the welfare of others
gnas su phye bai don spyi meaning generality of

the division into meaning generality and sound
generality {T}
don ldog
ldog
ldog ldogs ldogs artha-vyatireka meaning
isolate; meaning-isolate; meaning simpliciter
{GD:487} defining property; meaning differential
don spyi bzung yul

du byed pai rtog pa conceptual consciousness
that serves as an object for apprehending a
meaning generality
don bsdus
don bsdus pa
pirtha condensed meaning; condensation of
the meaning
don bsdus pa
mtshan nyid/ bum dzin rtog pa la bum pa ma yin pa las

log par snang bai sgro btags kyi cha Definition: that
factor of super-imposition that is the appearance
to the conceptual cognition [of something] as a pot
despite its not being a pot {GD:399}
anarthikatva not seek; not strive to produce
don dod pa {C}artha-kma
du rtogs pai mkhyen pa an exalted knower which

realizes emptiness in the manner of a meaning
generality {PGP 86}
rtog pa la gnyis snang yod pa snang ngor
don spyi snang ba a conceptual consciousnesss
having dualistic appearance [refers to the fact that]
a meaning-generality appears in the face of its
appearance factor.
Definitions:
don spyii snang
don bsdus
ba mched pai ting nge dzin {PH}meditative

stabilization of the increase of appearance [this
appearance being] of a meaning generality
pirtha condensed meaning; condensation of

the meaning
don spyii gsal snang
don rnam {GD:406} aspect as object

don rnam sgom pa meditation
{PH}the
clear appearance of a meaning generality
on the aspect of an object [e.g., meditating on

impermanence]
don spyii gsal snang
vidha ... artha six-fold meaning {T}
don spyod pa
gi ting nge dzin {PH}meditative stabilization of

the clear appearance of a meaning generality
don rnam pa drug po {MSA}a-
don spyi artha-smnya meaning
generality; meaning-generality; generic image;

mental image {PH}object universal; meaning
generality {GD:399} object-universal
stong nyid don spyii tshul
351
spyad spyod
spyad spyod {C}artha-cary {C}actions for the
benefit of others; beneficial actions
don phyin ci ma log pa {MSA}

avipartrtha perverse meaning
don bya ba {C}artha-kriy
{C}actions for
the benefit of others
don bya ba don spyod pa
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}artha-kriy
{C}actions for the benefit of others
don byed {MSA}artha perform a function

don byed nus stong gi chos
empty of being able to perform a function
don byed nus pa {LCh}artha-kriy-
akti; artha-kriy-smarthya; {GD:115} arthakriy-samartham capacity to perform a function
don byed nus pa las gzhan
pai chos gang gi yang mtshon bya mi byed pai

chos a phenomenon that does not serve as the
definiendium of any other phenomenon than able
to perform a function
don
byed nus pai btags yod chos gsum tshang ba

gdags dogs btags/
brtags thogs a triply qualified imputed existent
that is able to perform a function
don byed
nus pai ldog pa dang yin khyab mnyam mutually

inclusive with isolate of able to perform a
function
dbye ba/ 1 don byed nus
Divisions:
substantial existent in the sense of being able to

perform a function
don byed
snang can gyi dbang mngon gyi tshad ma

snang snang snang snang sense direct
perceiver having the aspect of performing a
function
don byed pa {MSA}arthcaraa; {MSA}

arthin; {MSA}svrthin perform a function
don byed pai nus stong pa

empty of capacity to perform functions{N}
don byed pai yon tan {MSA}

artha-kriy-gua quality of performing
functions
don sbyor
sbyar sbyor sbyard
sbyord syllogistic rendering of the meaning
don ma byas pa {MSA}aktrtha not

perform a function; non-functioning
don ma yin pa {C}anartha what
is not the meaning; non-meaning {C}harm;

misfortune
don ma lags pa {C}anartha what

is not the meaning; non-meaning {C}harm;
misfortune
don mi gyur gyi the tshom doubt

not tending toward the fact
pa dang gcig 2 don byed nus pa dang gcig tu gyur

pai don byed nus pa/ 3 dngos poi mtshan nyid/ 4
dngos poi rdzas yod chos gsum tshang ba/ (1) one
with able to perform a function; (2) [something that
is] able to perform a function that is one with able
to perform a function; (3) definition of functioning
thing; (4) triply qualified actual existent that is a
functioning thing
don byed nus pai mtshon
bya definiendium of [what is] able to perform a

function
don byed nus pai rdzas yod
352
don mi gyur gyi the tshom
doubt not tending toward the fact; doubt tending

to the non-factual
don mi gcig
{PH}not synonomous
gsum ming dra yang
don mi gcig go; Although the names of the three
are similar, [they are] not synonymous. {TGP}
don min improper meaning

don med {LCh,MV}anartha; {LCh}vth;
asat-artha senseless; meaningless; non-meaning;
questioner of the seventh chapter]
non-existent object
don bzang po {C}sad-artha; {C,MSA}
don med du mi btang ba
sv-artha; {MSA}artha good meaning {C}good

in sense; real in meaning
[meaning-not exist-ly-not cast aside]; not waste

meaninglessly; not give up meaninglessly
don med pa {MSA}aprthya; {MSA}asad- don yod {C}amoghu; {C}amogha; {C}

artha; {MSA}nairarthakya; {MSA}vandhya; {MSA}
vaiyarthya; vin-arthena meaningless; nonmeaning; without [external] objects
don med pa nyid {MV}nirarthakatva;

{MSA}nirarthat meaninglessness
don med pa dang don
amogham; {MSA}avaiyarthya meaningful {C}

not fruitlessly; not vain
don yod grub pa {LCh}amoghasiddhi

Amoghasiddhi [p.n. of a Buddha]
don yod pa {C}amogha; {C}amogham;

{C}amoghu; {MSA}abandhya; {MSA}avandhya
meaningful {C}not fruitlessly; not vain
yod pa nyid {MSA}nairarthakya-srthakya

meaninglessness and meaningfulness
don yod pa nyid {MSA}srthakya;
don med pa ma yin {MSA}
{MV}srthakatva meaningfulness
don yod pa dang med pa {MV}
avandhya is meaningless
don med par {C}nirarthakam
artha-sattvam asattva ca meaningful and

meaningless
meaninglessly {C}useless
don med par mi gyur {MSA}
don yod pa dang med par
don smra sde gnyis the two schools
don
nirarthik (na-); s{MSA}rthika not meaningless

{T}
rang mtshan gyi don rang mtshan gyi gzhan

sel bsal sel bsald seld
other-eliminator which is a factual specifically
characterized phenomenon that is a factual
specifically characterized phenomenon
which propound [truly existent] objects
don tshol ba

artha-paryein one who investigates/examines/
researches/seeks the meaning; investigate/
examine/researche/seek the meaning
don rang mtshan gyi
bloi gzhan sel bsal sel

bsald seld other-eliminator that is an awareness
that is a factual specifically characterized
phenomenon
don gzhan factually other{BJ 80.7}
{PH}different affair; factually other

This is the condition
of defeat called a different affair. {VN}
don rang
don gzhan la dgongs pa
arthntarbhiprya thinking of another

meaning; in consideration of another meaning
don zab dgongs pa
nges par grel bkral grel

bkrald greld {L}gambhrrtha-sadhinirmocana
Gambhrrtha-sadhinirmocana [p.n. of a
Bodhisattva in the Sadhinirmocana-stra, the
mthong {MSA}sadasattrtha-payan view as

meaningful and meaningless
353
mtshan gyi med dgag gi gzhan sel

bsal sel bsald seld non-affirming negative
other-eliminator that is a factual specifically
characterized phenomenon
don rang mtshan gyi gzhan

sel bsal sel bsald seld
arthtmaka-svalakanypoha other-eliminator
that is a factual specifically characterized
phenomenon {GD:306} an objective elimination
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ ma yin dgag gi gzhan sel yang yin/ don
dmigs pa/ Definition: an observed common locus
rejection; not discard; not cast out; not forsake

{C}absence of giving up; non-repudiation; without
adding
between: (1) being an other-eliminator that is an

affirming negative; (2) and being ultimately able to
perform a function
dor ba med pa stong pa nyid
dbye ba/ 1 don rang mtshan gyi don
Divisions:
{MV,C}anavakra-nyat emptiness of not

discarding {C}emptiness of non-repudiation
rang mtshan gyi gzhan sel/ 2 don rang mtshan gyi

bloi gzhan sel/ 3 don rang mtshan gyi med dgag gi
gzhan sel/ Divisions: (1) other-eliminator which is
a factual specifically characterized phenomenon that
is a factual specifically characterized phenomenon;
(2) other-eliminator that is an awareness that is a
factual specifically characterized phenomenon; (3)
non-af
don rab dang {MSA}artha-prasanna
dor bar bya ba {C}utsraavya; {MSA}

apanetavya should discard should be repelled
dor bya {C}ricitavyo discard; cast out

should get parted
dra rgya chen {PH}greatly progressing

dra ba drwa ba {LCh}jla web; net;
lattice; network
drag {MSA}ugra; {MSA}tvra; {MSA}
pure meaning; clear meaning
don rig object knower{LG}

don rig yid mngon mental direct
pragha; {C}guru fierce; violent; terrible

{C}hard; heavy; weighty; serious; deep
perceiving object knower{LG}
don la phyin ci ma log pa
{MV}artheviparysa; {MV}arthviparysa nonmistaken with respect to the meaning/object
don so so yang dag par

rig pa {C}arthapratisavid {C}analytical
knowledge of meaning/objects
drag tu phyor ba strongly billowing

drag ldan {C}ugra; tvra; pragha; guru
fierce; violent; terrible {C}weighty; serious;
heavy; deep
drag pai las fierce activities

drag po {MSA}ugra; {MSA}tvra; {MSA}
pragha hard; heavy [=sra ba] {Lati}; fierce;

strong {PH}fierce; sharp
don gsum three welfares [of oneself;
drag poi las fierce activities

drag spyod {GST} haha {PH}forceful
others; and both]
action
dor/ dor/ dord/
drag shul ferocity

drag shul spyod sngags
dord/ discard; reject; cast out; forsake; cancel
dor ba niryha; {C}avakra; {MSA}tyga
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}abhicra-
(e.g.: manaskra-tyga) discard; reject; cast out;

forsake; cancel withdrawal; repudiation
{C}anavakra; {C}anutkepa non-rejection; not

discard; not cast out; not forsake {C}absence
of giving up; non-repudiation; without adding
dor ba med pa {C}anavakra non-
dam par don byed nus pa yang yin pai gzhi mthun par
dom bear
dor
dor ba med {C}atyga; {C}anapakra;
mantra mantra of fierce deeds {C}spell of
354
bewitchment
drang {C}rjava; {C}avakra; {C}ju straight;
definitive {PH}straight-forward; forthright {C}

upright
drang nges the interpretable [meaning]
drang srong {LCh}i sage [one who has

straightened body, speech, and mind]; seer [of
the Vedas]
drang srong rgyas pa {LCh} i

Vysa {PH}the i Vysa
and the definitive [meaning]; definitive [stra]

and [stra] requiring interpretation
drang nges rnam byed Dzong-kabas Differentiation of the Interpretable and the
Definitive [also called The Essence of the Good
Explanations (legs bshad snying po)]
drang srong dang bcas pa dang skyes pa
dang bud med kyi tshogs rnams {C}sa-i-naranr-ga crowds of men and women around
the sage
drang srong smra ba i-vadana
drang thad du {PH}straightforward

drang don drang
Sages Propounding
bai don neyrtha interpretable meaning;

requires interpretation; interpretable object;
requiring interpretation; interpretable; meaning
requiring interpretation
drang don gyi mdo {N}neyrtha-stra

stra of interpretable meaning{N}
drang po {L}pragua; {MSA}ju straight

right; honest; good condition; excellent
drang srong smra

ba ri dags kyi nags Deer Park of Sages
Propounding{BJ 29.2}
drang srong smra ba ri

dwags kyi nags {PH}Deer Park at ipatana
drang srong gzegs zan
drang srong lhung ba ipatana

{PH}ipatana (near Varanasi)
drang poi lugs
{PH}straightforward manner; honest approach

If one acts in a straight-forward manner, ...
{GCG}
drang bai don neyrtha requires
{PH}the
sage Kada
In the ruins of the
monasteries of ipatana and Nland, ... {GCG}
drang srong lhung
ba ri dwags kyi gnas Deer Park of the Alighting

Sage
drangs
interpretation; interpretable meaning;

interpretable object; requiring interpretation;
interpretable

drang / dren/ drangs/ drongs sam drend/ induce;
cited; cite; induced; lead; draw; pull; conduct
mdo drangs pa las from a cited
stra{MSI 413}
don la nges pa shugs drag drangs nas through
inducing strong force of ascertainment with respect
to the meaning{TGP 27}
drang bai phyir karartha in

order to lead
drang bai phyir du gsungs

pa spoken for the sake of leading
drang las {C}avakra {C}straight; upright dran nyams smti-lopa forgetfulness;

(memory-loss)
drang song smra ba {L} ivadana
Sages Propounding (in the area of Varasi in
dran dang brtson grus
the Deer Park)
la brten pa {MSA}smti-vrya-pratihita in
dependence upon mindfulness and effort
355
dran dang shes bzhin {MSA}

smti-saprajanya {PH}mindfulness and
introspection
dran pa {LCh,MSA,MV,C}smti; {C}smaraa;
{MSA}smarat; {C}matti mindfulness; memory;

recollection {C}remember; be mindful of these
thoughts; rememberance
dran pa gcig pai rnal

byor yoga of single mindfulness{TGP}
(=smta) mindful {C}mindfully; has a good

memory
dran pa dang shes bzhin
dran pa dang shes bzhin dang sems pa dang btang

snyoms {MV}smti-saprajanya-cetanopeka
mindfulness, introspection, mind, and
equanimity
smtir upatihate; {MV}upasthita-smti basis of

mindfulness; abide in mindfulness
dran pa nye bar gzhag pa
dran pa ner gzhag {C}smty-
{PH}application of mindfulness
dran pa nye bar gzhag pa
upasthna mindful establishment(s) {C}

support(s) of mindfullness
bzhi {PH}four applications of mindfulness
dran pa nye bar bzhag pa
{MSA,MV}smtyupasthna; {C}upasthita smte;

{C}upasthitasmtaya mindful establishment;
establishment in mindfulness {C}foundation(s)/
support(s) of mindfulness; one whose mindfulness
is well established; mindful; {GD:112} application
of mindfulness

dbye ba/ 1 lus
Divisions:
kyi nyer bzhag 2 tshor bai nyer bzhag 3 bsam

pai nyer bzhag 4 chos kyi nyer bzhag Divisions:
(1) mindful establishment of body; (2) mindful
establishment of feelings; (3) mindful establishment
of thoughts; (4) mindful establishment of
phenomena
dran pa nyer gzhag establishments

by way of mindfulness; mindful establishment
{PH}applications of mindfulness; Applications of
Mindfulness [Stra]
dran pa nyer bzhag smtyupasthna

mindful establishment
dran pa dang ldan pa {C}smtimat

{MSA}smti-saprajanya mindfulness and
introspection
dran pa bcu {PH}ten mindfulnesses

dran pa nye bar gnas pa {MV}
dran
pa dang ting nge dzin la sogs pai yon tan

{MSA}smti-samdhy-di-gua the qualities of
mindfulness, meditative stabilization, and so
forth
356
dran pa ma brjed par gyur

na {MV}smty-asampramoe sati when one is
mindful and non-forgetful
dran pa gtso bo {MSA}smti-pradhna

main mindfulness
dran pa shin tu nye bar
gnas pa {MV}spasthita-smti well-established

mindfulness
dran pai rtog pa memory
conception; conceptual consciousness which

remembers
dran pai dbang po {MSA}
smtndriya faculty of mindfulness; power of

mindfulness
dran par nyer bar bzhag
pa smtyupasthna {C}foundation(s)/
support(s) of mindfulness; one whose mindfulness
is well established; mindful; {GD:536} the four
applications of mindfulness

dbye ba/ 1 lus
Divisions:
kyi nyer bzhag 2 tshor bai nyer bzhag 3 bsam
pai nyer bzhag 4 chos kyi nyer bzhag Divisions:
(1) mindful establishment of body; (2) mindful
establishment of feelings; (3) mindful establishment
of thoughts; (4) mindful establishment of
phenomena
dran par byas pa yin na {C}
dri ma dang bcas {MV}samala; {MV}

saha-mala defiled; contaminated; stained
dri ma dang bral nas {C}vigata dri ma dang bral ba {MSA}
{C}
inform
dran shes {N}smti mindfulness; memory

consciousness{N} {GD:524} recollection
dran sogs yon tan phel
nirmala; {MSA}mala-vigama; {MSA}malpakara;

{MSA}vigata-mala free from stains; free from
defilements
dri ma rnam par dag pa {MSA}

mala-viuddhi purify defilements
dri ma spangs pa

spang spong spangs spongs {MV}praha-mala
abandon defilements
byed {MSA}smty-di-gua-vddhi impel the

qualities of mindfulness and so forth
dral
malinatva contaminated; defiled; stained
mala free from stains; free from defilements
smrayati {C}inform
dran par byed {C}smrayati
dri ma can nges pas {MSA}doa-
dral/
dri ma bral ba nirmala free from
dral/ drald/ drald/ {C}gahana; {C}timira

disappearing; {C}dense; dark; {Thumi, p.129} to
cause to be shameless; to do without; to break a
promise
defilements; free from stains
dri ma med {MV}amala; {MV}nirmala

stainless
dri {LCh}gandha odor; smell {PH}odor

dri nga {ntideva} durgandha {PH}foul-
dri ma med pa {LCh,C,MSA}vimal;
{C}amala; {MSA}nirmala; {MSA}nirmalatva;

{MSA}malpeta stainless; Stainless (second
bodhisattva ground) {C}spotless; immaculate;
not defiled/tainted
smell
dri chui lam {PH}urinary tract

dri mnyam pa sama-gandha equal odor dri ma med pai sa {MSA}vimal
bhmi stainless ground
dri ba {C}prana {C}question
dri ma zhi ba gnyis {MV}mala-nti dri ba dang bral ba med pa
dvaya the two, defilement and pacification
{C}avimala not free from defilements; not free

from stains {C}not immaculate
dri mi mnyam pa visama-gandha
dri ba dris pa asked

dri ba zhu byed means of questioning
dri bar bya {MSA}praavya ask;
unequal odor
dri mi zhim pa durgandha unfragrant

odor
dri med {MSA}nirmala; {MSA}vimala
question
dri ma {LCh,C,MSA}mala stain; taint;
stainless; undefiled
dri med ldan {MSA}nirmalat-yoga
defilement; contamination {PH}stain; taint;

defilement
connected with non-defilement
357
dri zai dbyang snyan {MSA}
dri med gnas {MSA}amala ... pada
gandharva-madhura-ghoa pleasant sound of

scent-eaters
stainless place
dri med pa {MSA}amala stainless;

undefiled
dri med dbyings {MSA}amala ... dhtu

stainless realm
dri med mi rtog blo mchog
{MSA}parama-vimala-nirvikalpa-buddhi supreme
undefiled non-conceptual awareness
dri med mig {MSA}cakus ... nirmala

undefiled eye
dri med od Stainless Light [Rigs ldan
pad ma dkar pos commentary on the Klacakra

Tantra]
dri zar gandharva scent eater; odor eater

dri zar bcas pa gandharva scent
eater; odor eater
drin {LCh}prasda; {MSA}upakra kindness;

grace
drin can rje {PH}kind lord

drin du che {PH}very kind
drin du mi che {PH}not very kind
drin du gzo ba {C}kta-krit; {C}ktavedit {C}thankfulness
dri tshor ba {PH}olfactory sensation

drin gzo ba intention to repay kindness
dri dzin dbang mngon drii skye mched gandha-yatana
odor sense-sphere
dri zhim {C}saurabhya fragrant odor;
sna shes kyi myong
bya/ Definition: object experienced by a nose
consciousness
sweet-smelling {C}with a fragrant smell
drii khams gandha-dhtu odor-
dri zhim pa sugandha sweet-smelling;
constituent
fragrant odor
dril involvement
dri zhim po {C}puya-gandha (=pupa-
phra thim
la dril nas through involvement with a subtle
drop{TGP 25} rnams
la gcig dril byas pas through performing a
combination of ... {TGP 13}
gandha) sweet-smelling {C}fine fragrance
dri za {LCh,MSA}gandharva scent eater;
odor eater; the musicians of Indra, ruled by

Dhtarastra, who live in the region of the air
and the heavenly waters; their special duty is to
guard the heavenly soma, which the gods obtain
through their intervention
dril bu {LCh,MSA}ghaa bell
bde mchog dril bu pa Ghaapda

[transmission of Cakra] Savara
dri za gandharva Fragrance Eater

dri zai grong khyer {N}gandharvanagara city of scent-eaters{N}; city of
Fragrance Eaters
dri zai glu dbyangs {MSA}
gandharva-sagti-ghoa; {MSA}kinara-sagtigho song of scent-eaters
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
perceiver apprehending scent
dris {C}paripccha {C}question; ask

drug a; {MSA}a six
drug sgra genitive case
drug cu {MSA}ai sixty
drug cui dbyangs {PH}sixty [types
of] melodies
358
drug cui dbyangs ldan
the Bon-po of the Rgyu and Hbras-po sects sacrifice

sheep and goats, buffaloes, dzo, mules, camels, etc.
{Das}
{PH}
endowed with the sixty [types of] melodies
drug pa {MV}aha sixth

drug po sa {MSA}a ... bhmi sixth
dro ba {C}man
{C}heat; stage of heat;

those on the stage of heat
dro bar gyur pa {MV}umagata heat

dro bar gyur ba magata heat
drod man; umagata heat {PH}[bodily]
ground
drung khor lay government official

drung du {MSA}saka near to
byang chub kyi shing drung du at the
warmth
base of the tree of enlightenment{TGP 19}
drod gyur pa {C}ma-ga
drung du nye bar gro bar
heat
{C}upasakramitavyam come near to {C}

approaching; think of approaching
drung du phyin {C}upasakrnta
drod snyam {C}tulayati
{C}ponder; weigh
(up); examine; compare; deliberate; consider
{C}
drod rtse sbyor
sbyar
sbyor sbyard sbyord {LCh}magata-mrdhaprayoga heat peak training; training of the peak
of heat
have approached
drung du lhags nas {C}gamya
{C}thanks to; has come in to; come in to; resorting

to; when he has entered on; come; return again;
because of; in the course of
drod gsher las skye ba
drung rtsis
sasvedaja moisture-born
{PH}secretary and finance

minister (drung yig dang rtsis dpon)
drung yig chen mo
drod gsher las skyes pa {C}

sasvedaja {C}moisture-born
{PH}secretary-
general (2nd rank)
drung rigs {PH}secretariat

dregs mada haughtiness
dregs ldan gtsug na pre-eminent
among the haughty{DASI 522.2}
dregs pa {C}mado; {L}darpa arrogance;

haughtiness; haughty {C}self-conceit
dred yellow bear

dren pa {C}adhivsanat; {C}
vyupaparkaa(ta) (=adhivsanat) {C}

toleration; testing; ability to tolerate
drel (1) familiarization; (2) mule
{PH}mule
Among the followers of Shenrab,
{C}degree of
359
dron {PH}hot; warm

dron po {C}una {C}hot
gdags
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs prajapti;
prajapyate impute; designate; hang
gdags pa

gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {C,MSA}
prajapti; {C}prajapayate designation;

imputation; hang {C}concept; conception;
nominal concept; nominal existence; conceptual
entity; nominal entity; intimation
gdags pa rnam par bzhag
pa {MSA}prajapti-vyavasthna explanation of
designation {T}
gdags pa byas
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {L}
dogs btags/brtags thogs existence from the side

of the basis of designation
prak- impute; designate
gdags par bya
gdags gzhii steng nas
grub pa gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs existence right in the
basis of designation
{C}prajpayitavya; {C}prajpayiymi; {C}

prajyate (=pravartyate = tat-kta-cihnaabhvn) impute; designate {C}should
make known; can I make (people) conceive of; is
conceived; comes under the conceivable; have a
conception of
gdags gzhii tshad ma

valid basis of designation
gdags par bya ba ma yin
gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs {C}aprajapanya should not
designate {C}cannot be intimated; cannot be a
subject of wise instruction; inconceivable; should/
can not be conceived
gdags tsam du
yongs su tshol ba
btsal tshol/tshel btsal tshold {MSA}prajaptimtratva-paryea thoroughly investigate/
examine/research mere imputations/designations
gdags gzhi
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs prajaptivastu basis of designation; basis of imputation
gdags gzhi gzhan la brten nas btags pai
btags yod gdags

dogs btags/brtags thogs imputed existence that
one imputes in dependence upon another basis of
imputation
gdags
gzhii go sa gnon pai tshul du yod pa existence in

the manner of covering its basis of designation
gdags gzhii ngos
gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs {C}prajyate (pravartyate =
tat-kta-cihna-abhvn) designate; impute {C}
is conceived; comes under the conceivable; have a
conception of
gdags su ma mchis pa
gdags dogs btags/
brtags thogs {C}aprajapanya not impute; not

designate {C}connot be intimated; cannot be a
subject of wise instruction; inconceivable; should/
can not be conceived
gdags su med pa
{C}aprajapanya not impute; not designate

{C}connot be intimated; cannot be a subject of
wise instruction; inconceivable; should/can not be
conceived
gdangs {LCh}ghoa tone; light

gdan {LCh}sana; {C}upstaraa seat;
cushion {PH}seat; cushion {C}coverlet
gdan bcas seated

gdan bshams pa
{PH}prepared
seat
gdab/
debs/ btab/ thobs/ put; sow; plant; set; offer;

give; cast
gdam
gdam doms
gdams doms advice; instruction; counsel;
preceptual instruction; advisory speech;
exhortation
gdags gzhii ngos nas
gdags
gdags su mchis par gyur
gdab
nas grub pa
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs established/
establishment from the side of the basis of
designation
grub pa
{PH}
360
gdug pa
gdam ngag

gdam doms gdams doms avavda advice;
instruction; counsel; preceptual instruction;
advisory speech; exhortation
gdug pa can
poisonous; pernicious; pernicious forces;
pernicious entities {PH}poisonous; pernicious
[entities]; evil ones
Concerning that [i.e., Vajrakrodha]:
because he kills and expels pernicious entities, he is
krodha (wrathful). {Dor 25a.1/ 234.1}
gdam ngag brjed pa
gdam doms gdams doms

avavdasammoa forgetting the instruction;
forgetfulness
gdams
gdug pa can
poisonous; pernicious
gdam
doms gdams doms advise; counsel
gdams ngag
gdug pa dang sdig sbrul mang poi dgon pai nang

du song ba song song song song
{C}vyda-sarspa-kntra-madhyagata {C}be in
the middle of a wilderness infested with venomous
vipers
gdam doms gdams doms {LCh,C,MSA,MV}

avavda; {C}upadea guidance; instruction;
preceptual instruction; guiding advice {C}
teaching
gdug pa dang ri dwags dang
gdams ngag brjed pa
{C}vyda-mg {C}wild beasts; beasts of prey;

antelopes; deer and ferocious wild animals
avavda-samoa; avavdasammoa forgetting

the advice/instruction/counsel/preceptual
instruction/advisory speech/exhortation;
forgetfulness
gdams ngag nod par byed
pa {MSA}avavda-grhaka receive advice/

instruction/counsel/preceptual instruction/
advisory speech/exhortation; one who receives...
gdams ngag pa
gdam doms gdams doms preceptual;

guiding-advice
gdug sbrul {PH}poisonous snake

gdug rtsub can {PH}terrifying
gdugs {C}chattra umbrella {C}parasol;
parachute
gdugs dkar po {PH}white umbrella

gdung gdung /
gdung / gdungs/ gdungs/ torment; be tormented;
be scorched; desire; long for
gdams pa
gdung

gdam doms gdams doms {C}prajpayati
advise; counsel; advice; instruction; preceptual
instruction; advisory speech; exhortation {C}
speaks meaningfully of; communicates; makes
known; conceived of
gdung
/ gdung / gdungs/ gdungs/ {LCh}tapas; {C}
vaa torment; morification; be tormented; be
scorched; desire; long for {C}lineage
gdung rgyud
gdams pai gdams ngag
{PH}descendant; heir;
lineage of descent
gdung rgyud mi chad
guidance that guides
par bya ba la chad chad chad

chad {C}vaasya-anupacchedya {C}so that
the lineage should not be interrupted; to insure the
non-interruption of the lineage
gdams tshul mode of guidance

gdug via; {C}via; {MSA}pradua
poison; misery7 See: dug, poison {C}viper;

resemblence to a poisonous snake
gdug pa
361
gdung rgyun mi chad par
gdul ba byung po
byed par {C}vaasya-anupacchedya {C}so

that the lineage should not be interrupted; to insure
the non-interruption of the lineage
{PH}beings
who are the trainees
gdul bai khams {MSA}vineya-
gdung degs supporting rafter

gdung ba {MSA}upatapta; {MSA}dha
dhtu realm of discipline
tormented; mortify
gdung ba med pa {Negi} anavatapta

{PH}Anavatapta
gdul
bai bya ba la dus thams cad du nye bar gnas pa
{MSA}vineya-ktya-sarva-kla-pratyupasthitatva
closely abiding in disciplined activities at all
times {T}
gdung bai las {MSA}tpana-karman gdul bai

karma of torment
lo tog yongs su smin par byed pa {MSA}vineyasasya-paripcana cause the harvest of discipline
to ripen {T}
gdung bar byed pa {MSA}tpaka;

{MSA}dha-karaa torment; mortify
gdul bar bya ba {C}vainayika;
gdung mi gcad par bya
{MSA}vinaya trainee one to be disciplined
bai phyir {C}vaasya-anupacchedya {C}so

that the lineage should not be interrupted; to insure
the non-interruption of the lineage
gdung shugs
gdul bya {MSA,N}vineya trainee; disciple

gdul bya ji lta
ba bzhin du chos ston pa
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}yath-vineyadharma-deana teach doctrines according to the
trainee[s capacity] {T}
{PH}strong devotion;
intense longing
gdung shugs drag po
{PH}
strong devotion; intense longing
gdungs
gdul bya gdul bar dka ba
{MSA}vineya-durvinayatva discipline those who

are difficult to discipline; {T} trainees who are
difficult to tame
gdung / gdung / gdungs/ gdungs/ torment; be

tormented; be scorched; desire; long for
gdungs par {C}tapati
gdul bya dun
{C}pained;
tormented; scorched; {VM} tormented [by]
par byed pai chos ston pa

bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}vineyvarjakadharma-deakatva teach the doctrine that causes
trainees to aspire
gdul {MSA}(dam}: damayet discipline

gdul ba {C}vinayana; {MSA}vinaya;
{MSA}vineya discipline; disciplining
gdul gdul bya gzhan {PH}other trainees

ba ji lta ba bzhin du dul bai thabs rtogs pa gdul byai rgyud kyi zhing
yath-vineya vinayopya-bodha realize the
method of disciplining exactly according to the
discipline {T}
{MSA}vineya-satna-ketra field of the

continuum/line of trainees
gdul byai nyes

skyon bsel bai yon tan quality of removing
faults and defects from trainees
gdul ba dang mthun pa
{MSA}vineynurpat; {MSA}vineynurpatva
concordant with discipline
362
gdeng drod
{PH}strong confidence
gdengs {PH}confidence
gdengs rtags {PH}sure sign(s)
gdebs put; sow; plant; set; offer; give;
unquestionably; undeniably {C}(it is) of
necessity; in all circumstances; definitely
gdon mi za ba indubitable
gdon mi za bar {N}avaya; {C}
cast
gdogs impute; designate; hang

gdong {LCh}mukha face
gdong gi sna rtser od
avayam; {C}nisaayam; {C}nicayena; {C}

nirdea (=niyatam = tasya te pratirpo yam
upadea); {MSA}niyatam unquestionably;
undeniably; definitely{N} {C}(it is) of necessity;
in all circumstances; without any doubt; in all
certainty; exposition; disquisition; description
shes rab gdon mi za
bar btsol bar bya dgos you should definitely seek
wisdom{LRC}
thig sgom pa bsgom sgom

bsgoms sgoms meditation on a drop of light at
the opening point of the face{TGP 40}
gdod di beginning; first (in a list)

gdod nas primoridally {PH}from the
gdon mi za bar grub pa
amoghasiddhi Amoghasiddhi {STTS}; p.n. of a

Buddha
beginning
gdod nas stong zhing {C}di-
nya primordially empty {C}empty from the

very beginning
rnam dag zhing {PH}Pure Land

gdod nas spras bral
cala-veukra {PH}founder of a lineage of

the lowest of outcastes
primordially free from elaborations
gdol ba {C}cala {C}outcast

gdol bai rigs {C}(pukkasa-)
gdod ma di beginning; first (in a list)

gdod ma gzhi yi chos nyid
calakula {C}family of outcasts; outcast
original basal noumenon
bdag {MSA,MV}tman; aham; {MSA}sva; {C}
gdod mai mgon po Original

Lord
gdon
gdon/ don/
btond/ thond/ verb: cause to come out; expel;

recite; take out; noun: evil spirit causing disease;
possession [as by a devil] {PH}planet; planetary
influences; malevolent spirit; evil spirit
gdon bgegs byung po
{PH}
evil obstructing spirits
gdon par byao {C}pattitavya; {C}

pattitavya one should expel; one should recite
{C}should be repeatedly recited
gdon mi tshal bar {C}avayam

gdoms advise; counsel

gdol pa {C}cala {C}outcast
gdol pa smyig mkhan {HT}
ahu; {C}hu (=aham); tma {GD:594}; tm self;

I [can be used to refer to oneself]; nature; entity
{PH}self; I
de ltar dus gsum das pai bdag
jig rten don du ci yod dam/ How could the world
exist in fact, With a nature passed beyond the three
times ...? (tariklyavyativtttm loka evam kuto
rthata) [NPG, vs. 63]
bdag rkyen {LCh}adhipati-pratyaya
proprietary condition; empowering condition;

dominant condition
rang gi thung mong ma yin
pai bdag rkyen mig dbang dang dmigs rkyen gzugs
363
innermost entity
la brten nas skyes pai rtog pa dang bral zhing ma

khrul bai rig pa/ a knower which is free from
conceptuality and non-mistaken that is produced in
condition, an eye sense power, and an observed
object condition, a form. {T}
Divisions:
bdag gi bar dzin pa
(mamya}: mamyati conceive as mine
dbyo ba/ 1 thun mong ma yin pai

bdag rkyen/ 2 thun mong bai bdag rkyen/ Div.:
(1) uncommon empowering condition; (2) common
empowering condition
bdag bskyed
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed self generation; selfgeneration
bdag gi {C,N}mya mine; my
{C}(for)
himself; for themselves; his own; oneself; I myself;
my own self; what belongs to the self
bdag gi ngo bo {C}sva-tmabhva;
bdag gi dbyings basic element of

self
bdag gi med pa {MSA}a-mama no

[conception of] mine
bdag gi brtson grus {MSA}

tmana ... vryam personal effort
bdag gi gzhi self base; self-base

bdag gir {C}mamat; {N}tmya
mine{N} {C}sense of ownership
bdag gir bya ba {C}mama-kra;

{MSA}mamyita; {MSA}vipka(?) {C}minemaking
bdag gir mi byed {C}mamat
{MSA}tma-bhva entity of the self; my entity

{C}its own body
{C}sense of ownership
bdag gi dngos po {C}tma-bhva
bdag gir dzin pa
existence of self {C}personality; body; frame;
gzung dzin bzung zungs {N}mama-kra
personal existence
conception of mine{N}
bdag gi dngos poi sku {C}
bdag gis {MV}svaya by me; I [did
tma-bhva-arra {C}physical personality
something ...]{BJ 28.1}
bdag gi don {MSA}svrtha ones own bdag

welfare; ones own purpose
bdag gi don rjes su thob

thobs {C}anuprpta-svakrtha attain ones own
purpose {C}their own weal accomplished
bdag gi du shes aha-saj

bdag gi gnas {C}tma-sthna
abiding in the self {C}standing in the self
bdag gi ba {N}tmya; tmiya
bdag dga {MSA}svaya-rata ones
mine{N}; the mine
own joy {T}
rpam the entity that is the mine; the
bdag gis
ni thob par bya ba nges par thob ste

durlabdh me lbh {C}it is indeed a loss to me
and not a gain
conception of I
bdag gi bai ngo bo tmyam
gis bdog pa thams cad yongs su gtang ba

gtang gtong btang thongs {C}
sarva-sattva-aparitygin I completely abandon
all possessions {C}one who never abandons all
beings
364
bdag sgra a possessor
bdag cag we
bdag cag gi ston pa
bdag nyid kyis sangs rgyas kyi dgongs pa thob pai

phyir thob/thob thob
thob thobs {MSA}tmani buddhaya-prpte
because of obtaining the thought of the Buddha
by oneself
bstan ston bstand stond our teacher
[Buddha]
bdag ces bya ba bdud
bdag nyid nga rgyal pride of
kyi sems self is a devilous mind
selfhood
bdag gcig tu brel tdtmya-
bdag nyid gcig ektman one
sabandha related in the sense of being one

essence
essence {GD:284} identity of being
bdag gcig brel tdtmya-
sabandha relationship of sameness of nature;

related in the sense of being one essence; related
as the same essence {GD:269} having a relation
of identical nature
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ khyod de dang tha dad gang zhig
de dang bdag nyid gcig pai sgo nas grel ba grub pa/
Definition: (1) it is different from that; and (2) there

is an established relation from the point of view of
being of one essence with that
bdag nyid {C,MSA}svayam; {C}sat; {C}
bdag nyid kun shes
bdag nyid che
bdag nyid
chen po mahtma; mhtmya great being; great

essence
bdag nyid chen po

bdag nyid che {C}mahtma; {MSA}mahtmat;
{MSA}mhtmya great essence; essence of
greatness; great being {C}great-souled
bdag nyid ji bzhin du {C}
bdag nyid nyams {C}tmko

{C}one whose self is extinct (?)
bdag nyid rtogs pa
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}svayam-
bodha {C}self-enlightenment
bdag nyid dang ni gzhan
par bya bai phyir {MSA}svayam-jrtham in

order that the entity may be thoroughly known
{T}
dag {MSA}tman ... para self and other
bdag nyid dul vinayan bhavam
bdag nyid kyi dbang gis
{C}discipline yourself!
bdag nyid las skye ba
skye ba self-powered production
bdag nyid kyi bsod nams
production from themselves
bdag tu mngon
{L}svapuya own merit
bdag nyid kyis skye ba

production by itself
bdag nyid kyis ma yin pa na

svatas not by themselves
same essence
yathsvam {C}taken in due order
tmaka; {C}tmika; {MSA}tman; {MSA}svtman

[self-ness]; entity; essence; nature {C}(by)
himself; oneself; on his own; good; self; myself; for
himself; for themselves; his own; I myself; my own
self; in itself; inward; in itself
bdag nyid gcig pa eka-tman
365
par zhen pai gzhi ni sems {MV}tmbhiniveavastu citta the basis which is conceived to be
the self is the mind {T}
bdag tu lta
blta lta bltas
ltos {MV}tma-darana; {MV}tma-di view of
self; view as a self
tma-grha; tma-kra; {MSA}tmato ghti

conception of self; conceive as a self {PH}
conception of a self {C}seizing on a self
bdag tu lta ba
blta lta
bltas ltos {MSA,MV}tma-di; {C}tma-dika;
{MSA,MV}tma-darana view of self; view as a
self {C}one who has a self in view
bdag
tu dzin pai rten nye bar len pai phung po lnga

{MSA}tma-grhasyraya pacopdnaskandh the five appropriated aggregates that
are the basis for the conception of a self
bdag tu lta ba bskyed
pai phyir bskyed skyed bskyed

skyed {MSA}tma-dy-utpdanrtha due to
producing a view of self
bdag tu lta ba bskyed mi
dgos bskyed skyed bskyed skyed

{MSA}tma-dir anutpdy it is not necessary
to produce a view of self
bdag tu lta ba nor ba tsam
bdag
blta lta bltas ltos

{MSA}tma-di view of self; view of a self
bdag ltai gnyen po antidote to

the view of self
bdag tu lta bai
phyin ci log dgag pa {MSA}tma-di-viparysapartiedha negate the mistaken view of self
daranena moka freedom from the view of self
bdag tu du shes {C}aha-saj;
{C}tma-saj conception of I {C}notion

of I; a notion of self
bdag tu snang ba
blta lta bltas ltos tma-di-vsan;
tmadtivsan predispositions of the view of

self
bdag bstod {C}tmnukari; {C}
tmotkara {C}exalting himself; exaltation of self
bdag bstod pa {C}tmotkaraa

having a self; with a self
bdag dang bdag gir chos

{C}ahu-mahya (=ahakra-mamakrau) {C}I
and mine
bdag tu rmongs pa la
sogs pa rmong rmong rmongs

rmongs {MV}tma-mohdi obscuration with
respect to self, and so forth
bdag dang gzhan {MSA}sva-para;

{MV}tma-para self and other
bdag dang gzhan mnyam
bdag dang bcas pa {MV}stmaka
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C,MV,MSA}
bdag ltai bag chags
{C}self-exaltation
snang snang snang snang {MV}tma-pratibhsa

appearance as a self; appear as a self
bdag tu dzin pa
bdag tu log par dzin pa

bdag lta
tu lta ba la sogs pa dang mtshungs par ldan pa

blta lta bltas ltos {MSA}tmady-di-saprayukta connected with the view
of self and so forth
blta lta bltas ltos {MSA}tma-
rten spangs pai phyir spang

spong spangs spongs {MSA}tma-grhrayasya
praha(-artham) through abandoning the basis
of the conception of self

{MSA}tmsad-grha mistaken conception of a
self
{MSA}bhrnti-mtra ... tma-darana the mere

illusion of a view of self
bdag tu lta bas thar pa
bdag tu dzin pai
pa nyid {MSA}tma-para-samat sameness of

self and other
366
bdag dang gzhan bdag po nyid {MSA}svmitva

mnyam pai sems nyid {MSA}tma-para-samacittat mind [which sees] self and other as the
same
sovereignty
bdag poi bras bu {MSA,MV}
bdag dang gzhan dang
snying rje {MSA}tma-para-karu compassion

for self and other
bdag dang gzhan bde ba

bdag dang bsam pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MV}adhipatitva-
bdag pos yongs su dzin
mthun pa {C}samnbhiprya thought that

is concordant with mine {C}they are of like
intention with me
pa {MSA}dhipatya-parigraha {PH}conception
of ownership; conception of sovereignty
bdag spobs {C}pratibhti personal
bdag der du shes aha-saj;
inspiration {C}flashes in to my mind; inspire;

it is clear; is intelligible; may you become clear; it
becomes clear; lighten up (the mind); intelligibly;
appears
aha-saj conceive as a self; conception of a

self; one who conceives of a self
bdag dbang sogs
{C}
remains at ease
{PH}
a self which is independent and so on [i.e.; and
permanent; unitary]
bdag du shes aha-saj; aha-
saj conceive as a self; conception of a self;

one who conceives of a self
bdag ni zag pa thams
bdag bras adhipatiphala possessional

effect; proprietary effect
cad zad do I have exhausted all contaminations
bdag ni sangs rgyas su
bdag ma mchis pa {C}antmat

no self; selfless; non-self
bdag med {LCh,C,MSA,MV}nairtmya;
gyur ro {MSA}aha buddho bhaviymi I will

become a Buddha
{C}nirtmaka; {MSA}nirtmat; {C}nirtmya

selflessness; selfless {C}without a self; is nothing
of itself
bdag pai rkyen {LCh}adhipatipratyaya empowering condition
bdag med pa {C,MSA,MV}nairtmya;
bdag pai bras bu adhipatiphala dominant effect; empowering effect
bdag po {MSA,MV}dhipatya; {MSA}
adhipati decisive condition; sovereignty; owner;

master {PH}dominant [condition]; master;
sovereign; lord
bdag po rkyen {MSA}adhipati ...

pratyaya dominant condition
bdag por dzin pa
grha conception of sovereignty/ownership

{PH}conception of ownership; conception of
sovereignty
{MSA}tma-para-sukha happiness of self and

other
bdag bde yin {C}su-sukham
adhipati-phala proprietary effect; possessional

effect; dominant effect; empowering effect
367
{C,MSA}antman; {C}nirtmatva; {MSA}antmat;

{MSA}nirtmaka [self-not exist]; selflessness;
selfless {C}without a self; absence of self; is
nothing of itself
bdag med pa mngon

par rtogs pa rtogs rtogs
rtogs rtogs {MSA}nairtmybhisamaya
clearly realize selflessness; clear realization of
selflessness
bdag med pa mchog
nairtmya subtle selflessness
bdag med ma Tantric siddh, one of
gi bdag nyid {MSA}nairtmytmakatva (agra-)

essence of the highest selflessness
bdag med pa nyid {MV}antmat
the nine wives of Marpa
bdag med rags pa sthla-
selflessness
nairtmya coarse selflessness
bdag med pa tsam {L}nairtmyamtra mere selflessness
bdag mya ngan las das
med pa la bdag go snyam du phyin ci log go

{MSA}antmany tmeti viparysa mistakenly
think that the selfless is a self
bdag mtshan {MSA}tma-lakaa self-
pa {MSA}tma-parinirva personal nirva;

nirva for oneself
bdag
character; character of the self
bdag med pa la dzin pa

tmsad-grha conception of selflessness
bdag med pai lta

ba rnam par dag pa {PH}the correct view of
selflessness
bdag med pai lta bu {N}
nairtmya-darana view of selflessness{N}
bdag dzin
gzung
dzin bzung zungs *tmagrha conception of
self {PH}grasping at a self; conception of a self
bdag dzin
bdag tu
dzin pa {LCh}tma-grha; ahakra [self-asgrasp]; conception of self; conceiver of a self;
apprehension of a self; apprehender of a self
{PH}grasping at a self; conception of a self
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 kun btags kyi bdag dzin/ 2
lhan skyes kyi bdag dzin/ Divisions: (1) artificial
conception of self; (2) innate conception of self
bdag med pai don {MSA}
antmrtha meaning of selflessness; object of

selflessness {T}
bdag med bdag dzin kyi bag chags

predispositions/latencies of the conception of self
pai don ni kun tu rtog pa tsam gyi don {MSA}

parikalpa-mtrrtho ntmrtha the meaning
of selflessness is [the same as] the meaning of
conception-only {T}
bdag dzin khrul pa
{PH}
mistaken grasping at a self; mistaken conception of
a self
bdag med pai rnam
pa bsgom pa bsgom sgom

bsgoms sgoms {MSA}antmkra-bhvana
meditation on the aspects of selflessness
bdag dzin gyi gog bden

true cessation of the conception of selflessness
bdag dzin gyi zhen yul
bdag med pai mtshungs
{PH}conceived object of self-grasping
pa nyid {MSA}nairtmya-samat sameness of

selflessness
bdag dzin
bdag med par so sor
gnyis gang rung gis sgro btags pa ltar grub pas

stong pai de bzhin nyid thusness that is an
emptiness of establishment in accordance
with superimposition by either of the two
rtog pa {MV}ntma-pratyavek individual

investigation of selflessness
bdag med phra mo skmaTenses: future, present, past, imperative
368
bdud kyi gnas {C,MSA}mra-bhavana
apprehensions of self
bdag dzin lhan skyes
abode of Demons {C}realm of Mra
{PH}
bdud
innate conception of a self
bdag rdzogs
kyi gnas rnam par jig par bgyid pa {C}

mrabhavana-vidhvasanakara completely
destroy the abode of Demons {C}to shatter
Mras realm
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs self perfection/

completion
bdag zhi {C}tma-nta
{C}tranquil in
bdud kyi phyogs {C}mra-pakika;
himself
bdag gzhan mnyam pa nyid
{C}mra-pako faction of Demons; demonical

faction {C}partisan of Mra; Mras host
{MV}tma-para-samat sameness of self and

other
bdud kyi phyogs gyur ba
bdag yod ces bya ba {MV}
{C}mra-pakika faction of Demons; demonical

faction {C}partisan of Mra
tmeti the statement, I exist {T}
bdud kyi byin gyis
bdag la dgongs su gsol
brlabs pa yin pa {C}mra-adhihita {C}beset

by Mra; under Mras influence
please pay heed to me {VM}
bdag la chags pa attachment to
bdud kyi zhags pa {C}mra-pa
self
bdams bsgrigs
Demons trap {C}Mras snare(s)
bdud kyi ris su gtogs
{PH}collection of
articles
pai lha {C} mra-kyik-devat gods included

within hosts of Demons {C}Mras hosts
bdar sha chod take to heart

bdas pa bda/
bdud kyis ching ba {C}mra-
bandhana bonds of Demons; demonical bonds
ded/ bdas/ ded/ {MSA}prerita {Thumi} to

drive; to chase
bdud kyis joms pa
bdug spos [burn-incense]; burning
gzhom joms bcom choms {C}mra-
vidhvasana destroyed by Demons; oppressed

by Demons {C}the danger of being ruined by
Mra
incense; incense
bdud {MSA}mra Demon

bdud kyi sgyu {C}namuci Demons
bdud kyis byin
illusion {C}the artful Mara
gyis brlabs pa yin pa {C}mra-adhihita {C}

beset by Mra; under Mras influence
bdud kyi
stobs thams cad rab tu joms pa

gzhom joms bcom choms {C}sarva-mrapramardin Sarva-mra-pramardin [p.n. of a
Buddha]
bdud kyi sde {C}mra-sen group of
demons; army of demons {C}diabolical army;

Mras army
369
bdud kyis smras pa mra-vacana

spoken by a Demon; speech of a Demon;
demonical speech
bdud glu btsan violent evil ngas

bdud sdig can Sinful Demon
bdud gnas {MSA}mrnvaya abode of
generations backwards
Demons
bdud rnams phyogs
dang bcas te {C}mra namuc-sapako demons

along with their factions {C}Mra together with
his host
bdud rtsi {LCh,C}amta ambrosia; nectar

{C}deathless
bdud rtsi thab sbyor {Das}

amtakual {PH}mtakual
bdud rtsi sna lnga
bde {C,MSA}sukha; {C}sukhita; {C}sukhatm;
{C,MSA}saukhya; {C}sugatm; {C}sugatim;

{MSA}lkya bliss; pleasure; happiness;
abiding{LG}; easy (to understand){BJ 8.2} {C}
ease; happily; happy; at ease; a happy destiny
bde gro sugati happy transmigration
bde gror gro ba sugati-gamana
[types of] nectars
go to a happy rebirth
bde rgyas ubaktsna Vast Bliss

bde can sukhvat {PH}Sukhvat [name
purification by way of descent of ambrosia
bdud rtsi bebs sbyang
ucchrayat {C}his body has seven protruberances
{C}happy destiny
{PH}five various
bdud rtsi bab sbyang
bdun shin tu mtho ba {C}sapta-
of a Buddhist Pure Land]
bde can bde ba {ntideva 10.4}
sukhvatsukhme {PH}bliss of Sukhvat
descent of ambrosia; purification by way of
bde chung parttauba Little Bliss

bde chen great bliss
bde chen lam bzang {PH}
descent of ambrosia
bdud rtsii dbyings {C}amtadhtu Deathless Realm (?) {C}Deathless

Element
bdud rtsii dbyings kyi sgo
excellent path of great bliss
bde mchog savara Cakrasavara
{C}amta-dhtu-dvra door of the Deathless

Realm {C}the door of the Deathless Element
Tantra
bdud bzhi {PH}four devils (mra)

bdud yi dam tutelary demon
bdun sapta seven
bdun cu seventy
bdun cu rtsa bdun seventy-seven
bdun pa {MSA,MV}saptam; {MV}saptama
bde mchog dril bu pai

lugs Ghapdas system of Cakrasavara
bde mchog luu i bai

lugs Lhipdas system of Cakrasavara
bde stong longs spyod
rdzogs sku {PH}Emanation Body of bliss-andemptiness
seventh
bde dang sdug
{C}anusapta (vao) {C}(lineage) for seven
bde dang sdug bsngal zhi ba
bdun po sapta seventh

bdun phrag {PH}week
bdun mes rgyud kyi bar gyi
bsngal chen po zhi ba thob bya

ghana-sukha-dukha-amopalabdhi attain the
pacification of great happiness and suffering
370
{MSA}sukha-dukha-ama pacify happiness and
suffering
bde dang mi ldan {MSA}sukhena

vimukt free from happiness
happiness
bde dod pa {MSA}sukha-kma; {MSA}

nisvasukha-kma desire happiness; desire for
happiness
bde ba {C,MSA}sukha; {C,MSA}sukhita;
bde ba chen po {C}mah-sukha; {C}
bde ba chen pos brtan pa

steadfast by way of great happiness
bde ba nyams su myong
ba {MSA}sukhnubhava experience bliss;

experience happiness
bde ba nye bar sgrub
pai bsam pa bsgrub sgrub

bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}sukhopasahraya a
thought that is established in bliss
{C}sukhatm; {C,MSA}saukhya; {MSA}lkya;

{C}sugatim; {C}sugatm; sukh happiness;
bliss; pleasure; abiding{LG}; easy; easy to
understand{BJ 8.2} {PH}bliss; abiding {C}
ease; happily; happy; at ease; a happy destiny
Establishment
and abiding which are a continuation of these, ...
bde ba thob
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}sukham eti

attain happiness
{LAK}

sukhopapatti produce happiness
{C}immensely happy
mahsaukha great happiness; great bliss
bde dod {MSA}saukhyrthin desire
bde ba skyed par byed pa
bde ba che zhing {C}mah-saukhya
bde ba
dang mi bral bai dgongs pa nyid {MSA}

sukhviyogayatva thought that is not free from
bliss
bde ba skyes pa {MSA}saukhyotpda bde ba dang mi bral

create happiness
bde ba bskyed pa
bai rnam pa {MSA}sukhviyogkra aspect

that is not free from bliss

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {MSA}hitvaha; {MSA}
sukhhitvaha produce happiness
bde ba dang yid bde ba
{ntideva 10.3cd} sukha ... bhavatvavirata

{PH}uninterrupted bliss
bde ba dang yid bde ba
of a Buddhist Pure Land]; Blissful Place; Blissful

Pure Land; Land of Happiness; the Blissful
bde ba rnam pa gsum {MSA}
bde ba rgyun mi chad
bde ba can sukhvat Sukhvat [name

bde ba gcig pa yogakema
trividha sukha() three aspects of bliss;

threefold bliss
{MSA}sukha-sapatti completion of bliss;

marvelous bliss
bde ba chung ba {MSA}alpa-sukha
bde ba bla na med pa highest
little happiness
happiness; unsurpassed happiness
happiness
mang ba {MSA}sukha-saumanasya-bahula great

bliss and mental happiness
bde ba phun sum tshogs pa
security; one abiding
bde ba che {MSA}sukha ... mahat great
{MSA}sukha-saumanasya {PH}bliss and mental

happiness
371
bde ba mang ba {MSA}bahu-sukha
bde bar byed pa {C}sukha-vaha;

{MSA}(sukh): sukhayati make happy {C}
source of happiness
much happiness
bde mang {MSA} bahu-sukha
bde bar log par dzin pa
{PH}much
happiness; many forms of happiness
bde ba yang ma yin sdug bsngal ba yang ma yin

pai tshor ba {MSA}adukhsukh ... vedan
feeling that is neither happiness nor suffering
happiness
bde ba gsum {MSA}sukha-traya three

happinesses; three blisses
bde bai khyad par {MSA}sukhaviea attribute(s) of bliss {T}
bde bai dgongs pa nyid
sugata One Gone to Bliss [epithet of Buddha]
bde bar gshegs kyi bstan

{MSA}dean saugat teaching of the One Gone
to Bliss
sugattmaja {C}the Sugatas son
bde bar gshegs pa sugata
bde bai rnam pa bsgrub
[happy-ly-went]; One-Gone-to-Bliss; Well-gone

One; an epithet of Buddha
pa bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs

sgrubs {C}sukhopadna establish the aspect of
happiness; {T} establishment of bliss {C}that
which makes happy; what brings happiness; that
which bestows ease
bde blag tu {C}sukhena easy; easily;

happily {C}quickly
bde bai lhag pai bsam pa

{MSA}sukhdhyaya special thought of bliss
bde bar {C}sukha; {C}sukhita; {C}sugatm;

{C}sugatim; {C}sukhatam; {C}sv-asti; {C}
kemea happily; blissfully {C}ease; pleasure;
happiness; happy; at ease; a happy destiny;
securely; safely
bde blag tu rtogs pa easy

realization
bde blags tu
{PH}easily
Easily finding the intention
of the Conqueror. {LRCM-sa-bcad}
bde dbyangs Day-yang (Blissful

Melody) College of Dre-pung Monastic
University
bde bar brjod
brjod
rjod brjod rjod state in an easy to understand
form{BJ 8.2}
bde byung
byung
byung byung byung ambhu Bliss-Arising

(Mahevara; iva)
bde bar gnas mchog {MSA}
bde la bag yod {MSA}
su-sukha ... vihra; {MSA}sukha-vihra blissful

abode
sukhpramatta predisposed to happiness;

predispositions to happiness
bde bar gnas pa {MSA}sukha-
bde legs {PH}goodness; auspiciousness

bde legs su bgyid pa
vihra blissful abode; abide happily

viharati abide happily
bde bar gshegs {MSA}saugat;
bde bar gshegs kyi sras {C}
{MSA}sukhayatva blissful thought; happy

thought
bde bar gnas so {MSA}sukha
{MSA}sukhsad-grha wrongly apprehend
372
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}kema-karin
make happy {C}makes us seek the safety of
bde gshegs sugata

One Gone to Bliss; Well-Gone One; an epithet
of Buddha; the One Gone to Bliss (an epithet of

Buddha)
bde
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 kun rdzob bden pa/ 2 don dam bden
pa/ Divisions: (1) conventional truth; (2) ultimate
truth
bden pa mngon rtogs
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs satybhisamaya
gshegs snying po; bde bar gshegs pai snying po

matrix-of-one-gone-to-bliss
bde gshegs bstan pa
[i.e., what exists the way it appears]
clear realizer of the truth; clear realization of

the truth
bden pa gnyis dvaya-satya;
saugata ... sana teaching of the One Gone to

Bliss
satyadvaya the two truths [i.e. ultimate truth

(don dam bden pa, paramrtha-satya); and
conventional truth (kun rdzob bden pa, samvtisatya)]
bde gsal {PH}bliss and clarity

bde gsal cha {PH}factor of bliss and
bden pa mthong ba {MSA}da-
clarity
satya; {MSA}satya-darana see the truth
bden satya; tattva truth; true

bden grub satya-siddhi true
bden pa dang byang chub kyi phyogs
dang mthun pa dang rnam par thar pai sgo

{MSA}satya-bodhipaka-vimoka-mukha the door
of liberation that is concordant with the truths
and the harmonies with enlightenment
establishment; truly existent; truly established
bden grub kyis stong pa

emptiness of true establishment
bden dngos {PH}truly [existent] thing(s) bden pa rnam can having the
aspect of the truths
bden nyid essence
bden pa bzhi po {MV}catu-satya;
bden gnyis dvaya-satya; satyadvaya
the two truths [i.e. ultimate truth (don dam bden
pa, paramrtha-satya); and conventional truth
(kun rdzob bden pa, samvti-satya)]
bden stong empty of true existence{BJ

29.7}
{PH}
being like an illusion and empty of true existence
snang snang
snang snang appearance of true existence{Lati}
bden snang gi lhag ma
bden pa {MV,MSA}satya truth; reality

{PH}each of the [Four
Noble] Truths
bden pa la mkhas pa {MV}satya-
bden pa la jug {MSA}satyvatra

enter into the truth; engage in the truth
bden pai ngag {PH}true speech

bden pai byin gyis rlabs
{C}satya-adhihna {C}magical power of

enunciation of truth; sustaining power of Truth; Act
of Truth
snang snang snang snang remainder of
appearances of true existence
bden pa re re
kaualya wise with respect to truth
bden stong sgyu ma lta bu
bden snang
{MV}satya-catuaya the four truths
373
bden pai tshig {C}satya-vacana
of true existence; (2) innate conception of true

existence
true words {C}utterance of the truth; truthful

speech; enunciation of the truth
bden dzin kun btags
bden par {C}satyam {C}in truth

bden par grub pa satya-siddhi;
thogs the artificial conception of true existence
bden dzin mngon gyur

bden dzin lhan skyes
bden par grub pai snang
bden par grub pas stong ba

empty of being truly established
bden par ma grub not truly
the doctrine of the four truths
with respect to truth {C}skilled in the truth
bdei rgyu {MSA}sukha-hetu cause of
gzung dzin bzung zungs the conception of
happiness
bder gshegs {PH}sugata

bdog {C}sarva-asti {C}all that is his
bdog cing yod pa {C}svata
bden par yod pa satyasat true

existence; truly exist; truly existent; truly
established
bden par rlom pa false fabrication
savidyamna {C}his own
of true existence; conceit of being truly

established
bden par gsung ba {C}satya-vdin

one who speaks truth
bden po so so la {C}prati-satyam
with respect to the individual truths {C}for
bdog pa kun gtong
gtang gtong btang thongs {C}sarva-tyga
renounce/cast away/give away all possessions
{C}renounce everything
bdog pa thams cad gtong
each Truth
sarvsti-tygin renounce/cast away/give away all

possessions {C}one who gives up all he has
bden med not truly existent

bden dzin gzung
dzin bzung zungs satyagrha conception of

true existence; conception of inherent existence
{PH}conception of true existence
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 bden dzin kun btags/ 2 bden dzin
lhan skyes/ Divisions: (1) artificial conception
bden bzhi four truths; the four truths

bden bzhii chos khor turning
bden la mkhas {C}satya-kuala wise
established
true existence
gzung dzin bzung zungs the innate
ba snang snang snang snang

appearance of true existence{Lati}
bden par dzin pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs manifest

satyasiddha true establishment; truly existent;

truly established; name of school founded by
Harivarman; existence
374
bdog pai rten
{PH}personal
offerings
mdangs {LCh}ojas; {LCh}tejas tone;
complexion; radiance {PH}tone; complexion;

radiance
mdangs yod {C}snigdha

with moisture; pliable; glossy; fresh
{C}soaked
mdangs gsal {PH}clear complexion mdun du ye shes pa

spyan drangs nas having invited the Wisdom
mdab mal {C}pattra (=para) {C}leaf;
Being in front{TGP 5}
petal
mda {C,MSA}ka; {C}iur; {MSA}iu

{C}arrow
mda phangs pa {MSA}kiptasyeo

shoot an arrow
mdud pu knot {PH}knot

mdud pa {MSA}grantha; {MSA}pu
knot
mdud pa drug skor
{PH}six-circled
knot
mdo {MSA,MV}stra; {MSA}strnta; {C}
sakiptea stra; discourse; short sentence;

axiom; scripture {PH}concise statement; short
sentence; axiom {C}sets of discourses; in short;
briefly; to cut it short all the
statements of this stra {HS-J}
{PH}Eastern Tibet; (hon.)
Kham
{C}entangle
{C}free
from knots
mdud par dzin pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}upanha {C}
emnity
mdun front; fore part; in front

mdun bskyed bskyed
mdo ting nge dzin rgyal
po gzung dzin bzung

zungs samdi-rja-stra King of Meditative
Stabilizations Stra
mdo dang chos mngon dul

ba {MSA}strbhidharma-vinaya Discourses,
Higher Knowledge, and Discipline
mdo dang sbyor ba

sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord putting this together
with a stra; associating this with a stra
skyed bskyed skyed generation in front
mdun gyi {C}puratas
those
mdo khams
mdud pa bos {C}gahi ... baddha
mdud pa med {C}nirgranthi
mdun ma {PH}concern
mdun sa {PH}(in) the presence (of); before
mdun sa dag {PH}the presence of
{C}in front (of);
mdo des bstan tshul la brten
before
mdun gyis bltas {C}puratas-kta
nas kun btags la de drai dogs pa skyed dka ba

more difficult in dependence upon the stras
mode of teaching to generate such a qualm with
respect to imputational natures
{C}noble; revered; accompanied; attended
mdun gyis bltas te {C}purataskta {C}noble; revered; accompanied; attended
mdo sde {LCh,MSA}strnta; {MSA}sutra
mdun du {C}puratas in front [of]; in the
sets of discourses
presence [of] {C}in front (of); before
mdo sde kun gyi mchog
mdun du gro zhing {C}
supreme of all stras
agratogacchati {C}precedes
mdun du bdar nas {C}puratas-kta mdo sde dgongs grel

sadhinirmocana-stra Sadhinirmocana-
{C}noble; revered; accompanied; attended
375
stra; Stra Unraveling the Thought; P774, Vol.
29]
strdika stras and so forth
mdo sde las brgya ba
mdo sde rgyan (mahyna-)stra-
karmaataka The Stra of the Many Kinds of

Actions (Toh. 340; P. 1007) {BJ 11.2}
lakra Maitreyas Ornament for the Great

Vehicle Stras [P5521, Vol. 108]
mdo sdei rgyan (mahyna-)stra-
mdo sde dang
lakra Maitreyas Ornament for the Great

Vehicle Stras [P5521, Vol. 108]
dul ba dang chos mngon pa {MSA}stravinaybhidharma Discourses, Discipline, and

Higher Knowledge
mdo sdei don {MSA}strrtha
mdo
meaning of a stra
mdo sdei sde snod strntapiaka
sde dang dbyangs kyis bsnyad pai sde la sogs pa

{MSA}stra-geydi discourses and discourses in
prose and verse, etc.
scriptural collection of sets of discourses
mdo sde spyod pai dbu ma
mdo tsam briefly

mdo tsam du {PH}briefly
mdo mdzad pa probably: Sautrntika;
mdo sde spyod pai dbu ma
mdo rdzi
mdo sde pa sautrntika Sautrntika;

Stra School; Follower of Stra
{PH}Sautrantika-[Svtantrika]-Mdhyamika;
Middle Way [Autonomy School] Following Stra
possibly: Buddha [literally: Stra-maker; Stratakers]{LG}

{PH}river breeze; a wind blowing
at open places where rivers meet
pa sautrntika-mdhyamika {PH}Sautrantika[Svtantrika]-Mdhyamika; Middle Way

[Autonomy School] Following Stra
mdo bzhin du {C}yath-stram in
accordance with the stra {C}in harmony with

the stra
mdo sde spyod pai

dbu ma rang rgyud pa spyad
spyod spyad spyod sautrntika-svtantrikamdhyamika Stra Autonomy Middle
Way School {PH}Sautrntika-SvtantrikaMdhyamika; Middle Way Autonomy Following
Stra [School]
mdo yi sde la sogs pai
dbu ma rang brgyud pa spyad

spyod spyad spyod sautrntika-svtantrikamdhyamika Stra Middle Way Autonomy
School
mdo las ji skad byung
chos {MSA}strdika ... dharma doctrines of

stras and so forth
mdo la sogs pai chos {MSA}

strdi ... dharma doctrines of stras and so
forth
mdo sde spyod pai
ba bzhin byung byung

byung byung {C}(ity-diko) yath-stram {C}
according to the stra
mdo sde smra ba stravdin
mdog {LCh}vara; {C}chedana hue; color
Proponent of Stra [=Sautrntika?]
{C}cutting; cutting off
mdo sde la jug {MSA}stre vatarati mdog tu rung ba suitable as hue

engage in the stras; enter into the stras
mdog snum {C}snigdha {C}soaked
mdo sde la sogs pa {MSA}
with moisture; pliable; glossy; fresh
376
mdog mi sdug pa {C}durvara
collected
{C}with a bad complexion; ugly
mdongs appearance; the form of the face;
white spot; blaze; star on the forehead of a horse

or cow {PH}eye [in a peacocks feathers]
mdongs pa {PH}forehead
mdoms kyi sba ba secret organ [of
mdor bsdus te bstan pa
bstan ston bstand stond brief
indication
mdor bsdus na
bsdu
sdud bsdus sdus {MSA}samsatas in brief
mdor na {C}sakiptea; {MSA}samsena

in brief {C}in short; briefly; to cut it short
dag dag dag dag dag

mdoi sde {C}strnta sets of discourses
to purify; to clean
mdoi sde la sogs pai chos dab {C}pattra (=para) {C}leaf; petal
{MSA}strdi-dharma doctrines of stras and
dab brgya hundred petaled lotus
so forth
{PH}the hundred-petaled (lotus)
mdoi tshig stra passage{BJ 52.4}
dab chags {C}pakin; {MSA}paka mdor {C}sakiptea in brief {C}in short;
vta {C}bird (on its wings)
the genitals]
dab chags bya {C}pakin
briefly; to cut it short; {S}crossing
mdor bstan
bstan
ston bstand stond brief indication
mdor bstan pa
dab ma {C}pattra; {C}pala; {C}dala
leaf; petal {C}foliage
bstan ston bstand stond {MV}samsa-nirdea

brief explanation
mdor bstan pa yin
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}samsena

nirdia briefly explain
mdor sdud
{C}bird
(on its wings)
dab gshog zad {C}kia-pako

{C}with feeble wings
dabs na
{PH}nearby
[He] heard [this] because [he]
was staying nearby the city. {A4C-C}
bsdu sdud
dam
{PH}mud Sunk [in]

the mud of desire, ... {GC; 13th DL}
bsdus sdus short form condensation
mdor bsdu {MSA}samsa-sagraha

short form; condensation
mdor bsdu na {MV}abhisamasya; {MV}

samsatas; {MV}samsena in brief
dam rdzab swamp; cesspool; mud (?)

dam la chags {C}paka-sakta {C}
attached to mud
mdor bsdu ba {MSA}samsa-sagraha dam las {C}paka {C}mud

short form; condensation
dam las brga ba {C}paka {C}
mdor bsdus bsdu sdud
mud
bsdus sdus samsa-sagraha; {C}sakepa; {L}
da da/ das/ {C}atikrmati
sakepatas [brief-into-gathered]; brief form;
condensation; condensed {PH}short form;
condensation; condensed; brief {C}collectedness;
377
pass away; go beyond {C}pass beyond; pass by;

transcend(s); step above; should pass above; passes
above; move away from
da ba {C}vyativartate (=atikrmati =
vivardhate); {C}atikramaa; {C}atikrmati; {MSA}

ativartana pass away; go beyond {C}depart
from; stray away from; transcending; pass beyond;
pass by; transcend(s); go beyond; step above;
should pass above; passes above; move away from
da ba med does not pass

da bar gyur
das pa dang da ltar byung
ba byung byung byung byung

{MSA}atta-pratyutpanna arising in the past and
present
das pa dang
ma das pa dang da lta byung ba

byung byung byung byung {MSA}attngatapratyutpanna arising in the past, future, and
present
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}atikrmati
pass away; go beyond {C}depart from; stray

away from; transcending; pass beyond; pass by;
transcend(s); go beyond; step above; should pass
above; passes above; move away from
das pa la sogs par dbye
ba {MSA}attdibheda division into past and so

forth
da bar bya ba {C}uttaraa pass
das pai rkyen
away; go beyond {C}a matter of rising above
da bar byed {C}atikrmati pass
{PH}past tense
The past tense [indicates that] being a
away; go beyond {C}depart from; stray

away from; transcending; pass beyond; pass by;
transcend(s); go beyond; step above; should pass
above; passes above; move away from
completed internal object, it is placed in the mind.

{BCA-P}
da bar mi bya ba {C}anuttaraa

does not pass {C}a matter of not rising above
das
{C,MV,MSA}atta; {C}samuttra past; pass

away; go beyond; pastness {C}passed beyond;
gone beyond; overcome; transcend; escape
da/ das/ {C}atikrmati;
{MSA}atikrama; {C,MSA}atta pass; go beyond;

supramundane{BJ 52.7}; short for: mya ngan las
das pa; [sorrow-from-passed]; nirva {PH}
past [phenomena]; [phenomena that exist in the]
past {C}pass beyond; pass by; transcend; past;
passed beyond; gone beyond
das dus sngon gyi {C}
das byas nas {C}atikramya having

passed; having gone beyond {C}more than;
overpowering; after rising above; having passed
beyond; beyond; passes beyond all bounds
das smra ba lokottara-vdin
Lokottara-vdin [Transcendentalists???] {T}
das lam supramundane path{BJ 52.7}

das lam mnyam bzhag {PH}
meditative equipoise of a supramundane path
das shing {C}atta; {C}uttratva
{C}
passed beyond; gone beyond; past; having escaped
from
purimdhvatta {C}gone by in the past period of

time
das nas {C}atikramya (=ullaghya); {C} di this

atyayena (=parinivena) having passed; having
di ko {PH}all of these
gone beyond {C}more than; overpowering; after
rising above; having passed beyond; beyond; passes
di skad ces bka stsal to
beyond all bounds; in the course of; even for a day;
stsal stsol stsald stsold say/
prounounce/explain/teach/speak/grant/order
thus:
after the passing away; after the lapse of
das pa {C,MSA,MV}atikrama;
378
di skad ces gsol spoke thus:{S}

each other; mutually
di skad du [X] says: ...{BJ 51.3}
di dag gzhan pa {C}aihikaamutrika these and others {C}belonging to this
di gas di these
and the other worlds
di gnyis these two
di dra zhig {PH}like
di snyam bgyid de di nas from this
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis think this
di nas jig rten gyi khams
di snyam du sems {C}eva
from this worldly realm
bhavati [someone] thinks this {C}it occurs
di ni med do that is not

di ni yod do that is
di
di snyed {MSA}iyat so much; so many;

how much; gain; profit
di snyed du ches lci ste {C}
phyir phan yon che bai theg chen mthong lam

mahnuaso mahynadaranamrga Great
Vehicle path of seeing greatly beneficial in this
and future lives
tvad-gurutara {C}so serious
di lta ste {L}tadyath; {MV 2.14}ayam;
{MV 1}yad uta it is like this, for example; it is

the case that ... [often untranslatable]
di lta ste dper na {L}tadyath it

is like this, for example {C}that is
di lta di ltar gyur cig {MSA}

eva caiva ca sym and it is like this
di lta bu {MSA}da [this-like]; like

this; thus
di tsho these
di og ma
{PH}later sections of this
di la {C}atas in this; with respect to this
{C}this; from that; from it; from this; thence; for

that reason; than him
{MV}yatas ... tatas; {MV 5.2}yad uta; {MV 1.4}

yasmt; {C}eva pravtta this way; it is like
this{S} {C}so; as; and; with this kind of start
di las {C}anu; {C}itu from this
di ltar don ji lta ba bzhin
{C}
thereupon
du it is like this: ...{S1}
di ltar das pa {C}ity-uktaka it

occurred like this {C}Thus-was-said
di dag {C}ayu (=ayam) these; those

{C}this; in
di dag kun rtog pa tsam
dii of this
dii gong na higher than this{BJ 29.4}
dir {MSA}iha here
du du du/dud dus
dus {C}ya collect; assemble {C}rise
{MSA}kalapan-mtra sarvam etad these are all

merely conceptual
this{BJ 40.5}
[book]
di ltar {MV 2.14}tath hi; {MV}yatas;
di dag phan tshun {L}anyonya
di bar hereabouts
di tsam gyis by just this; through just
379
du ba {C}sagrahat; {C}yujyate collect;

assemble {C}the ability to attract; applies
oneself; be engaged in; be joined to; practice;
du byed rnams
tenable (to say); logical (to equate)
du ba med {C}asayoga; {C}na yujyate
not collected; not assembled {C}unconjoined;
it is not tenable (to say); not logical (to equate);

applies oneself; be engaged in; be joined to; practice
du bar gyur ba {C}samavasarati
jug pa mi rung bai phyir {MSA}saskr

pravtter ayogt because it is not suitable to
engage in compositional phenomenon
du byed rnams mi rtag

pa nyid {MSA}anityatvam ... saskr
compositional phenomenon are impermanent
assemble; collect {C}meet
du byed saskra compositional thing

du byed rnams la
skye ba dang jig pa {MSA}saskr udaya du byed {LCh,L,C,MSA,MV}saskra; {C}
vyaya(u) production and disintegration with
saskra-gata (=saskra) [assemble-make];
compositional thing; compositional factor;
compositional phenomenon; compounded;
assemble; make; act; activity; compositional
phenomena; compositional things {C}the
compounded; compounded/conditioned (events/
things); formative forces; karma-formations
respect to compositional phenomenon
du byed sna tshogs rnam

pa du ma {C}(aneka-vidhni) saskra-viprakr
various aspects of compositional phenomenon
{C}(the manifold) misfortunes of the karmaformations
du byed kyi sdug bsngal
du byed pa {LCh}abhisaskra
saskraduhkhat suffering of conditioning
application; overapplication; antidote
du byed kyi mtshan ma
du byed med pa {MSA}asaskta
{C}saskra-nimitta; {L} saskranimitta

signs of compositional phenomena; sign of a
compositional factor {C}the sign of something
compounded
uncompounded; {T} non-compositional
du bral med non-fusable and

inseparabale
du byed kyi las saskrakarma

compositional activity
du byed btang snyoms upek

desisting from application
du byed thams
cad ni sdug bsngal bao {MSA}sarva-saskr

dukh all compositional phenomenon are
suffering
uncompounded
du ma byed {L}asaskta non-
compositional phenomenon; uncompounded{S};

non-application
du mi byed {C,MV}asaskra;
{MSA}anabhisaskra; {MSA}asaskta
non-application; uncompounded; {T} noncompositional phenomenon {C}unconditioned
du byed thams cad ni

mi rtag pao {MSA}sarva-saskr anity all
compositional phenomenon are impermanent
du mi byed pa asaskra; {MSA}
du byed rnams kyi bdag med pa tsam
anabhisaskra; {MSA}asaskta noncomposition; non-application; uncompounded
du mdzad {MSA}saskra
dang rang bzhin med pa tsam nyid just the mere

absence of self and just the mere absence of
inherent nature of compounded phenomena
du ma bgyis {PH}uncompounded
du ma bgyis pa {PH}
compositional factor; compose; apply
380
du dzi vyapakara; {C}sasarga; {MSA}
field of neither cognition nor non-cognition
du shes med pa asajn non-
kra {C}lead astray; seduce; entertainment;

noise; din; close contact; close commerce with
du dzi spangs pa
discrimination
spang spong spangs spongs {C}sagaikparivarjana {C}avoid society
du dzi med pa {C}avyavakra

{C}uncontaminated; unmixed; exclusively
du dzi la dga bai gtam

{C}sagaik-rma {C}(talk [with kath]) one
is fond of in society
asajat non-discrimination; there is no

discrimination {C}no act of perceiving
du shes med pai

snyoms jug {LCh}asaji-sampatti
absorption without discrimination
du shes med pai sems

can asajisattva god of no discrimination
du shes g.yer po
du dzii gnas {C}sagaik-
{PH}
determinative discrimination
rtog pa
sthnam (=jana-kira-gamana-di) {C}place

where one meets society
du dzir gyur pa {C}sagaika-
yang ci zhig gang don la ming dang rigs su lhag par

sgro dogs par zhugs pai du shes g.yer po [It is]
a determinative discrimination which is involved in
the superimposition of names and types on objects.
vaha {C}where one meets society
du shes {LCh,C,MSA,MV}saj;
dug {C}nianna; {MSA}niadana; {C}
{C}sajata; {L}sajnati; {MV}sajita

discrimination {C}perception; notion; mental
associations; ideation; motivation; conviction;
cognize; perceive
du shes
thams cad dang mthun pa thun mong ngo {C}

sarva-sattva-sr {C}the very cream of all beings
du shes phung po {A4C}
samjskandha {PH}aggregate of discrimination

In
regard to the determination of all phenomena, this is
what is termed the aggregate of discrimination.
{A4C} 14.22cd
du shes me pa asaj non-
adhitihati is; are; there is; a verb meaning to

exist in a place {C}seated; sits; to be; becomes
(still more) determined; wills; change by magic;
take his stand on; fixed; insists on; sustains; stand
up to
dug cing {C}sthitv
{C}when he has
established; having abided; having stood
dug stangs manner of sitting; posture

{gz}
dug pa {C}nidatim; {C}niadya; {C}
viharati; {MSA}sthita is; are; verb of existence

{C}sits down; seated; sitting; dwell
dug pai gnas {PH}a place

dug par {C}niadya {C}seated; sitting
dug byed cing {C}sthihitva (=sthitv)
discrimination
du shes med du
shes med min naivasajnsaj without

discrimination and without non-discrimination
{C}having abided; having stood
du shes
dud
med du shes med min skye mched {C}naivasajnsajyatana sphere of neither

discrimination nor non-discrimination sense-
du shes med pa yin {C}
btud dud btud dud
{C}nmas homage {C}humility
381
dud pa
dun ma wish; goal; aim

dun la brten pa {MSA}chanda-
btud dud btud
dud {MSA}nata homage
dun
dun/ dun/
dund/ dund/ {C}chanda; chandika (=abhilasampanna) aspiration; aspire {C}zealous;
keen
pratihita based on aspiration
dul
gdul/ dul/
btul/ thuld/ {MSA}naya to tame; discipline;
subdue
dun dang bcas pa {MSA}
chanda-sahita having aspiration; together with

aspiration
dun pa {LCh,MSA,MV,C}chanda; {C}
chandas (=kartu-kmat) aspiration {C}desireto-do; will-power; impetus; zeal; zest
dun pa nyams pa {MSA}chanda-
discipline {C}fact of disciplining
dun pa dang ldan pa {C}
dul ba mdor bsdus
chandika (=abhila-sampanna) having

aspiration {C}zealous; keen
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus condensed discipline
dul ba med pa {C}avinaya
dun pa dang rtson grus dang sems dang
undisciplined; non-discipline {C}does not

discipline; one who needs further discipline
dpyod pai ting nge dzin {MSA}chanda-vryacitta-mms-samdhi meditative stabilization

of aspiration, effort, mind, and analysis
dun pa dang mtshungs

par ldan pa {MSA}chanda-saprayukta
endowed with aspiration
dun pa zlog par byed de {C}
dul ba las
byung ba dben pai rang bzhin

byung byung byung byung {C}vainayika-viviktasvabhva nature which is isolated from the need
for discipline
dul bai skye bo vineya-jana

beings to be tamed; beings to be trained
vicchandayati (=kartu-kmat-apanayand) {C}

deter
dul bai thabs kyi khams
dun pai rtsa ba las byung
{MSA}vinayopya-dhtu realm of the method of

discipline

{C}canda-mlaka arisen from the root of
aspiration {C}rooted in the desire-to-do
dul bai don du {MSA}vineyrtha

for the sake of disciplining
dun par byas pa {MSA}varjita
dul bai mdo vinayastra
aspire
Guaprabhas Aphorisms on Discipline
dun par byed pa {MSA}varjaka;
dul bai sde snod scriptural
{MSA}varjana aspire
collections of discipline
samvarjayate aspiration; aspire
vinayati; {MSA}vinayana; {MSA}vineya; {C}

damana; {C}dharayati discipline; Discipline;
vow; monastic discipline; to be tamed; to be
trained {C}self-discipline; overpower; subdue
dul ba nyid pa {C}vinayanat
parihi abandon aspiration
dun byed {MSA}(sam vj):
dul grwa {PH}training center

dul ba {C,MSA}vinaya; (vi n): {MSA}
dul bai dbang {MSA}vineya-vaa

power of discipline
382
dul bai dbang gis through the

force of taming
dul bar byed {MSA}(dam):
dus par gyur
damayati; {MSA}(vi n): vinayanti discipline
dul bya vineya trainee; disciple
ched du bya bai dul bya special trainees of

Guhyasamaja
dus bya
du
du/dud dus dus {C}saskta caused
phenomenon; caused; compounded {C}
conditioned; effected
du du/dud
dus dus {MV}antarbh-; antarbhta collect;

assemble; included; be assembled; aggregate
sa gzhan rnams su ma dus
pa not included in the other grounds
dus tshe phan tshun
gcig gcig la reg pa ma yin when they aggregate
they do not touch each other
dus byas
dus gyur pa
du
du/dud dus dus {MSA}saparka-gata collect;
assemble; included; be assembled; aggregate
dus pa
du du/dud
dus dus {N}saghta; {C}sanipatita; {C}

sanipta; {C}snniptika; {C}akara-sanipta;
{C}ekakaa-sanipta; {C}antar-gata; {MV}
antar-bhva; {C}samasta; saghta {GD:126};
sahata; saghata included; assembled;
collected; aggregation; composite {C}brought
together; come together; present; assembly; group;
disorder of the humours; collection; congregation;
laid out in letters; incidence; inherent; arising from
a disorder of the humours; contained
dus pa las gyur pa
du du/dud dus dus {C}
sanniptikni {C}which result from a disorder of

the humours
dus pa las byung bai
ngo bo nyid du du/dud

dus dus {C}smyogika-svabhva entity that
arises from aggregation {C}own-being acting in
causal connection
dus par
du
du du/dud dus dus {C}sagrhta included;

assembled {C}embodied in; comprised;
incorporated
gsang ba dus pai
dus
du/dud dus dus {C}antar-gata; {C}saghta

included {C}contained; embodied in; comprised;
incorporated; comprehended
383
du
du/dud dus dus {C,MV,MSA}saskta; {MSA}
saskra [assembled-made]; compounded;
compounded thing; compounded phenomenon;
caused phenomenon; product {C}conditioned;
effected
Definitions:
1 jig pa/ 2 skye dgag gnas gsum
rung ba (1) disintegrating; or: (2) suitable as the
three: production, cessation, and abiding
dus byas kyi chos

du du/dud dus dus sasktadharma
compositional phenomena
dus byas kyi phung po
du du/dud dus dus

compounded aggregates
dus byas kyi mtshan nyid

du du/dud dus
dus {MSA}saskta-lakaa character of
compounded phenomenon
dus byas thams cad
skad cig ma du du/dud

dus dus {MSA}kaika sarva saskta all
compounded phenomenon are momentary
dus byas
thams cad ni rgyu las skye zhing yod do

du du/dud dus dus {MSA}
hetuto hi sarva sasktam utpadyate bhavati (ut
pad) all compounded phenomenon exist arisen
from causes
dus byas thams cad
du du/dud dus dus {C}prabhvita
mi rtag pa du du/dud
dus dus sarva sasktam anityam all
compounded phenomenon are impermanent
{C}drew their strength from; brought about
(from); brought forth; derives its dignity; exalts; one

discerns; discerned; exalted; derived from; come
forth
dus byas dang
dus ma byas kyis rab tu
dus ma byas nyid du

du/dud dus dus {MSA}sasktsasktatva
compounded phenomena and uncompounded
phenomena {T}
phye ba du du/dud dus

dus {C}asaskta-prabhvita distinguished by
the uncompounded {C}brought forth from the
unconditioned
dus byas mi rtag pa nyid
dus ma byas pa
du du/dud dus dus
du du/dud dus dus {C}asaskta;
{MSA}sasktasynityat impermanence of
{C}anabhisaskta; {MSA}anabhisasktatva
uncompounded; that which is uncompounded
{C}unconditioned; not effected; free from
conditions; not brought about
compounded phenomenon
dus byas tsam
du du/dud dus dus {MSA}saskra-mtra

mere compounded phenomenon
dus lba
du du/dud
dus dus complex goiter
dus ma byas
du du/dud dus dus {LCh,MSA,MV,C,L}

asaskta; {C}anabhisaskta [assemblednot-made]; uncompounded; uncompounded
[phenomenon] {C}unconditioned; not
effected; free from conditions; not brought about
Definitions: mtshan nyid/ mi
jig pa/ Definition: that which is non-disintegrating
dus ma byas kyi chos
du du/dud dus dus
asaskta-dharma uncompounded phenomenon

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ 1 mi jig

pai chos/ 2 skye dgag gnas gsum mi rung bai chos/
Definitions: (1) non-disintegrating phenomenon; or:
(2) a phenomenon of which the three--production,
cessation, and abiding--are not possible
dus ma byas kyi nam mkha

du du/dud dus dus
asasktkaa; asaskta-akaa uncompounded
space; uncomposed space
dus ma byas kyis
384
dus
ma byas pa rang bzhin rnam dag gi yon tan
uncompounded naturally pure qualities
dus ma byis pa
du du/dud dus dus {C}asasktat

uncaused; uncompounded {C}to be
uncompounded
dus shes dang tshor
ba gog pa du du/dud
dus dus sajveditanirodha cessation of
discrimination and feeling
dus bsags
{PH}collections and
aggregations
degs support
degs pa {C}utkipai support
{C}
suspend; get rid of; throw up; take out of; add to;
lift; lift up
debs
gdab debs btab
thobs plant; set; offer; put; sow; give; cast
debs pa
gdab
debs btab thobs {MV}ropaa; {C}praharaa;
{MSA}praidhna kariyanti; {MSA}smon lam
debs pa = praidadhti put; sow; plant; set;
offer; give; cast {C}(manner of) attack; the
wielding of
dei rigs can {C}taj-jtikam
hang
{C}is
of the same kind; of like kind
des pa {C}peala {C}well-behaved

dog pa {C}prakayati {C}proclaims;
{C}
dogs byed kyi tshad ma
gdags dogs btags/
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {MSA,L}(pra

j): prajpayati impute; designate; to
hang; designation{BJ 39.7}; imputor [i.e. the
consciousness that imputes]{BJ} make known;
bind; attach
brtags thogs valid cognition that imputes
dod {C}kmat; {C}sph; {C}sphate;
dogs can {PH}subscribed

dogs pa
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs (pra
j): {MSA,L}prajpayati; {MSA}prajapti;

prajapti imputing; impute; designate; to
hang; designation{BJ 39.7}; imputor [i.e. the
consciousness that imputes] make known; bind;
attach
dogs pa poi tha snyad

thogs conventions that are the imputers
verbal conventions that designate{BJ 21.7}
dogs pai tshig

prajaptivda imputational words; verbal
designation
dogs pai gzhi
dogs par byed
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs basis
of imputation{BJ 42.6}
{C,MSA}mata; (kk): {MSA}kkanti; {C}

kkamna; {C}kkati; {C}abhilin;
{MSA; Xyl: dor; dar}(abhi nand): abhinandati;
{MV}iccha; {MV}ia; {MV 1.4}iyate; {C}
icch; {MV}ruci; {MV}abhipreta; {C}abhipraya;
{MSA accept; assert; wish; desire; consider
{C}concern; love; learnt; learn of; known; is
understood; regarded; considered; longing; aspire
for; plan; until he wishes; one who desires; just as
he plans; one who is eager; long for; temptation;
wish for; intention; intent; purpose; attempt (to hurt)
dod bskyed na

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}sph janeti
{C}generate longing for
dod khams {LCh,}kma-dhtu Desire

Realm
dod khams kyi yon tan

qualities of the desire realm
dod khams kyi lha kma-dhtudeva god of the Desire Realm
dod dgu {MSA}kma; {L}anukma

desire
dod dgu thob pa

thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}ia-
nikma-labdha obtain what one desires
{MSA}prajpayati (pra j) impute; designate;
brtags thogs {C}prajapayati (=eka-rpea

vyavasthpayati) impute; designate; hang {C}
arranges; build; spreads out; makes known
dogs pai tha snyad
{C}aprajpayan not impute; not designate

{C}without conceiving
gdags dogs btags/
verbally expressed; expressed by words
dogs
dogs par mdzad do
reveals; shows; makes known
dog par mdzad {C}vyhta
dogs par mi byed
385
dod rgyal {N}ydcchika
dod chags dang ma bral ba

{MSA}avta-rga not free from desire
arbitrarily{N}
dod rgyal du skye ba arbitrary
dod chags dang ma rig pa

{MSA}rgvidy desire and ignorance
production; capricious production (literally

production in the manner of wish being
dominant)
dod chags pa med cing {C}

arakta non-desire {C}not impassioned
dod chags {C,MV,MSA}rga; t
[desire-attachment]; desire {C}lust; attachment;

greed; hues; dye
dod chags kyi kun sbyor
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord thorough

enwrapment of desire
dod chags par byed {C}rajyate

desire {C}become impassioned
dod chags spyod pa
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}rga-carita;

{MSA}rge carita practice desire
rga great desire
dod chags spyod pai
pa spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}

rga-dharma-carita {C}preoccupied with matters
of greed
dod chags bral ba {C}virga;
dod chags chen po {C}mah-
dod chags chos las spyod
dod chags dang bral ba
{C}vta-rga free from desire {C}dispassion;

withdrawal; distaste; without greed; free from greed
dod chags mang ba {MSA}bahu-
{C,MSA}virga; {C,MSA}vta-rga; {MSA}

vairgya free from desire {C}without greed;
turned away from greed
rgatva much desire
dod chags med pa arga non-
dod chags dang bral
desire
dod chags tshul bzhi
ba med pa {C}aviraktat not free from desire

{C}becomes not dispassionate
{PH}
four modes of desirous attachment
dod chags dang bral bai
dod chags la sogs pa
sa {C}vtarga-bhmi ground of freedom from

desire {C}stage of turning away from passion
{MSA}rgdi desire and so forth
dod chags dang bral
bar bgyi ba bgyi bgyid bgyis

gyis {C}virga become/make free from desire
{C}dispassion; withdrawal; distaste
dod chags dang bral

bar gyur ba {C}virajyate become free from
desire {C}become dispassionate
dod chags dang bral bar

byed {C}virajyate become free from desire
{C}become dispassionate
sgrib pa spyad spyod spyad spyod

{MSA}rga-carita ... varaa the obstructions
of practicing desire
386
dod chung {C}alpecchat little desire

{C}fewness of wishes
dod joi ba wish-granting cow

dod nyon gyi sum gnyis
{PH}two of the three sets of the afflictions of the

desire realm
dod ldan {MSA}kmin desirous

dod na if [that] is accepted ...
dod pa {LCh,MSA,MV,C,L}kma; {C}
sphat; {C}sphayate (=sphet); {C,MSA}
sph; {C}chandikat; {C,N}icch; {C}icchati;
{LCh,C,MSA}ia; {C,N}iyate; {MSA}eit;
{MSA}ein; {N}abhyupagama; ( kk): {MSA}
kkati; {MSA}kkaa; {C}kkamna;
{C}arthika; {MV desire; wish; assert; assertions;
accept; consider {C}longing; long for; aspire
to be; zeal; zealous; zest; temptation; wish for;
look for; seek; considered; desired; is considered/
regarded; can be desired; just as he plans; desirous;
until he wishes; profitable; admitted; intent;
intention; purpose; atte
dod pa bskyed

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}spheti produce
desire {C}long for
dod pa bskyed pa
asphaata non-desire; without desire {C}free

from longing; does not long for
dod pa med {MSA}gata-spha nondesire; without desire
dod pa gzhan gyi dbang

nyid {MV}ie pratantrya other-powered
desire
dod pa bzhin {C}nikma
{C}as one
desires
dod pa bzhin ma {C}anikma

{C}not as one desires
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}icchati produce

desire; desire {C}seek; look; wish; wish for
dod pa can {MSA}kmin desirous

dod pa chung {C}alpeccha little
dod pa yid la byed pa {MSA}

abhila-manaskra mental contemplation of
desire
dod pa la mngon par

chags pa {C}kma-abhivaga (=abhinivea)
{C}great love for sensuous things
dod pa la dun pa kmacchanda
desire {C}a man of few wishes
aspiration to attributes of the Desire Realm
dod pa chung ba having few desires dod pa la yongs su

longs spyod pa spyad spyod spyad
dod pa ji lta bar {MSA}
spyod {MSA}kma-paribhoga resources with
yathbhiprya as one desires; according to
ones wishes
respect to desire
dod pa nyung {C}alpeccha little

dod pa nyung pa {C}alpeccha little

dod
pa dang gzugs dang gzugs med pa na spyod pa
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MV}
kma-rprupyvacara deeds in the desire,
formm and formless [realms]
dod pa na spyod pa
dod pa la log
par g.yem par mi byed {C}na kmeu mithycarati not commit adultery (?) {C}not go
wrong about sense-desires
dhtu desire realm
dod pai rgyu nyid {MSA}ia-
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}kma-avacr

deeds in the desire [realm] {C}of the realm of
sense-desire
par g.yem par byed {C}kmeu mithy-carati

commit adultery (?) {C}go wrong about sensedesires
dod pai khams {C,MSA}kma-
dod pa ma mchis pa {C}
dod pa la log
hetutva cause of desire
dod pai jig
rten pai nyon mongs worldly desire realm
387
dod tshul modes of assertion
afflictions{PGP 69}
dod pai jig lta view of the
dod yon {LCh}kma-gua attributes of
transitory collection [of I and mine] within the

desire realm{Gn-chok}
dod pai dod chags {MSA}
the desire realm
dod yon la chags pa desire
kma-rga desire
dod pai bras bu
for attributes of the desire realm
dod la ma chags {MSA}kmev
don mi gnyer {MSA}nea phala prrthita;

{MSA}ia phala prrthita not seek the result
of desire
asakta not cut off from desire
dod sems desire mind{Gn-chok};
dod pai yon tan {LCh,C}kma-
Desire Realm mind
dod sems dgu pa ninth mind of
gua {C}attributes of the desire realm; sensequality; sense-pleasure
the Desire Realm
dod pai las can {C}iccha-
dod sems dgu pai
ting nge dzin gzung dzin

bzung zungs meditative stabilization of the ninth
mind of the Desire Realm
karm having the karma of desire; having

desirous actions {C}plausible lies(?)
dod pai longs spyod lnga

{PH}five sensual enjoyments of desire
dod pai sa
{PH}the level of the desire
realm
dod par skye {MSA}janma kme
dod sems can
{PH}desirous
sentient beings
dod lha kmadeva God of Desire; god of

the Desire Realm {PH}god of the Desire Realm
don
gdon/
don/ btond/ thond/ {L}uddeayanti; {MSA}
arthopagamana; {MSA}upagamana cause to
come out; expel; recite; take out
produce desire
dod par bya {C}icchati desire
{PH}
mode of asserting; mode of assertion
{C}
seek; look for; wish; wish for
dod par bya ba {C}sphaya
desire; desirable {PH}object of desire; that

which one wishes for {C}to be envied; enviable
don pa {MSA}arthopagamana; {MSA}
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}kma-
don par dod pa {C}uddhartu-
upagamana; {L}uddeayanti cause to come out;

expel; recite; take out
dod pas log par spyod pa

mithy-cra wrongly engage in desire {C}
wrong conduct as regards sensuous pleasures
dod pas log par g.yem pa

{C}kma-mithy-cra; kmamithycr commit
adultery (?); sexual misconduct {C}wrong
conduct as regards sensuous pleasures
dod bya {C} sphaya
{PH}desired
objective; that which one wishes for
388
kma desire to expel {C}wants to extricate
don par yang byed {L}

uddeayanti recite
dom {C}vyma six feet [linear measure]

{C}fathom
doms

gdam/ doms/ gdams/ doms/ upastha (1) advise;
counsel; (2) male genetalia; genitalia {PH}
genitalia
doms kyi sba ba nub
dor len {MSA}tygdna the reliance
pai mchog {C}uttamavasti-guhya {C}sexual

organs
doms pa
on discarding [non-virtues]
gdam/ doms/ gdams/ doms/ {MSA}avavadana;

{MSA}avavda; {MSA}upadea guidance; advise;
counsel
dor len brten pa the reliance on
discarding [non-virtues] and assuming [virtues]
dra {MSA}sada; {C}tadvat; {C}tulya; {C}
bha; {MSA}iva; {MSA}prakhya; {MSA}sanibha
similar; same; similarity; likeness; like; image
doms shing {C}avavadati {C}instruct

{C}comparable; equal; similar to; as if it were just
dor dor/ dor/
dra dra zhig dug [like-like-adord/ dord/ {C}utsjati; {C}tyajati; {C}ujjhati;
{MSA}(apa n): apanayati; (ric): {MSA}ricanti;
{C}ricati discard; reject; cast out; forsake;
cancel {C}renounces; cast away; rejects; emits;
cast off; come up; let go; abandon; would discard;
let loose; lose; fling away; give up; throw out; eject;
part from; spurns
dor ba {C}parityajati; {C}parimokaa;
{C}niryhika; (ut sj): {C}utsjati; {MV}utsjati;

{MSA}nikepaa; {C}kepaa; {MSA}apagama
discard; cast out; forsake; reject; cancel {C}
renounces; gives away; abandons; deserts; rejection;
which rejects; which ceases toiling; cast away;
rejects; emits; cast off; come up; let go; abandon;
would discard; let loose; throw away
dor ba med pa {C}anavakra nonrenunciation; not abandon; not cast out; not
forsake {C}non-repudiation
dor ba med pa stong pa nyid
{C}anavakra-nyat empty of non-rejection

{C}emptiness of non-repudiation
dor bar bgyid pa {C}niryhika

rejects; which ceases toiling
dor bar gyur {C}pratinisjati
kalpa; {MSA}tulya; {MSA}pratibimbaka; {MSA}

yath; {MSA}mi dra ba = vailakaya; sdya
{GD:227}; similar; same; similarity; likeness;
like; image
dra ba gzhan byung
{C}tapering;
{GD:527} the arising of similar other moments
dra ba gzhan byung khrul

rgyu {GD:513} the arising of similar other
[moments] as a cause of mistake
dra bar {C}tulya similar; similarly; like

{C}comparable; equal; similar to; as if it were just
dra bar gyur
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}tulya become

similar; similar; same; similarity; likeness; like;
image {C}comparable; equal; similar to; as if it
were just
dra ring bar tsham {C}

anuprvat {C}tapering
questions; hopes that; enquires whether
dri ba {C}paripcchati; {C}prana ask
(=rayabalt); {C}ricati discard; reject; cast

out; forsake {C}throws back; abandons; part
from; spurns
{C}asks questions; questions; hopes that; enquires

whether
dri bai gzhi {C}dhra basis of
{C}cut
oneself off from
dra ba sada; {MSA}aupamya; {MSA}
\ dra / dra ba as if; like

dri {C}paripcchati ask {C}asks questions;
discard; reject; cast out; forsake {C}which
dor bar byed {C}takati
is]; seems to be; appears to be
questioning; basis for asking {C}foundation;
389
dre bai bzo {C}dru-yantro
basis; source; substratum; sustain; based; referring

to; canvas
dri bar bya {C}paripcchati ask
dre bar
{C}

dres/dre dres/dre dres dres {C}sakra
{C}contaminated
questions; asks questions; hopes that; enquires

whether
dri zhing {C}likhati {C}write; copy (out)

drid fornicate
dril pa dril/
dreg {C}utkipati
{C}lift; lift up; suspend;

get rid of; throw up; take out of; add to
dreg mkhan {PH}barber

dren drang dren
drild/ dril/ drild/ verb: to be involved7 noun:

involvement
dris {C,MV}sastava be well acquainted
drangs drongs/drend {MSA}vhana; {MSA}(pari

k): parikyate induce; lead; draw; connect;
cite; quote; pull; conduct
{C}fornicate (?); intimacy; familiarity
dris pa {C,MV}sastava; {MSA}ucita;
dren pa
drang
dren drangs drongs/drend {C}nyaka; {C}
nyika; {C}nara-nyaka induce; lead; draw;
connect; cite; quote; pull; conduct {C}guide;
leader; leader of men
{MSA}aparijaya be well acquainted {C}

intimacy; familiarity; habit
dris pa ye shes {C}parijaya-jna

(=parijaya-sajnam) exalted wisdom of
acquaintance {C}cognition of mastery
dren pai thabs
dris pa shes pa {C}parijaya-
(ud dh) uddhartum upya method/technique

of leading
jna (= parijaya-sajnam) cognition of

acquaintance {C}cognition of mastery
dris par byed la {C}paricaya
karoti (=parijayam?) become acquainted {C}

gains mastery over
dris ba {C}paripcchati; {C}prana ask

{C}asks; questions
dris byed {C}sastava acquaintance

(?); ask (?) {C}intimacy; familiarity
dre pica [flesh eating] demon(s)

dre bgegs {PH}[type of demon]
dre pa
dres/dre dres/dre dres dres {LCh}sasa;

{C}mira; {C,L}sakra; {MV,MSA}vyavakiraa;
{MSA}vyavakra; {MSA}krnta; {MSA}
vikrnta; {MSA}parijaya; {MSA}ma dres pa
= vibhinna mixed; shared {C}contaminated;
contamination; intertwined; {GD:142}
indeterminate

dres/dre dres/dre dres dres {L}
mira-bhta become mixed; mix
dres par gnas

dres/dre dres/dre dres dres {C}
vyavakra-vihra {C}contaminated dwelling
asakra {C}non-commingling; uncontaminated
drei gzan {PH}flesh-eating demons

dres pa
dres par gyur
dres/dre dres/dre dres dres {C}sakra

contamination
dre ba med pa
{C}
wooden apparatus
dres par gnas pa

vyavakra-vihra; {C}sakra-vihra {C}
390
rdul phra {LCh;C}paramu
contaminated dwelling; dweller in contamination
dres ma
dres ma
rdul phra mo
dres/dre dres/dre dres dres mixed; mixture;

various
{PH}subtle atoms; subtle
particle
rdul phra rab {LCh,C}paramu atom;

subtle particle; minute particle {PH}subtle
atoms; subtle particle {C}atom
dres/dre dres/dre dres dres mixed
dres mar ma gyur pa
{PH}subtle
atoms; subtle particle
rdul phra rab kyi tshogs {C}
dres/dre dres/dre dres dres suitable to be

mixed
rdul phran paramu
{L}akalmaa unmixed
dres rung
rdab
{GD:126} atom
{PH}atoms; particle
rdul phran cha ldan
brdab/
rdeb /rdab/ brdabs/ rdebs/ to clap
rdar
paramu-sacaya collection of subtle particles

{C}collection of atomic qualities
{PH}particle
with parts
rdul phran cha med
brdar/ rdar/ brdar/
{PH}[generic]
partless particle {GD:281} [generic] partless
particle
rdor/ nikaa rub
rdi pebble{BJ 21.1}

rding {C}taga {C}pond; pool
rdung ba {C}sampratana {C}beating
rdum po {C}kuha {C}cripple
rdul {C}au; {C,MSA}rajas dust; particle;
rdul phran du gnas
{GD:147}
atomically
rdul phran phyogs kyi cha

med directionally partless particle; spatially
partless particles
atom {PH}passions; ovum; menstrual blood

{C}dirt; {GD:594} energy
rdul phran phra mo
{PH}subtle
atoms; subtle particle
zhabs rdul
{PH}dust of the feet

[I] have received
with my head, the dust of the feet of many holy
tutors.
rdul bral {N}viraja pure; free from

dust{N}
rdul med {C}virajas free from dust; pure

free from passion
rdul tu grub pa established atomically rdul tsam {C}au; {C}au-mtra mere

particle; mere atom {C}atom; smallest thing;
rdul dang ldan ma {Amara} rajasval
least
{PH}ovulating woman
rdul dang bral {C}viraja; {MSA}virajas rdul tsam yang even a particle{N}
free from dust; pure {C}dispassionate
rdul tshub {PH}Manchu queue [hairstyle]
rdul du grub pa au-siddha
rdul tshon {PH}colored powder
atomically established; existing as atoms;
rdul tshon gyi dkhyil khor
existing as particles
391
Vajragarvv; Vajradarp p.n. of a female deity
[Vajrasattvas consort Vajra-Haughtiness]
colored particle maala
rdul rdza {GD:155} atomic substance

rdo jog {Das} Takail {PH}Takail
rdo rje {MSA,C}vajra diamond; vajra;
rdo rje gtum po {PU} vajracaa

{PH}ferocious vajra
rdo rje lta bu {C}vajropama vajra-like;

like a vajra {C}adamantine (e.g.: samdhi;
dharma; jna; parad); like a vajra
adamantine {C}diamond; thunderbolt
rdo rje skhyil krung vajrsana vajra
rdo rje lta bui ting nge dzin
posture; adamantine posture

{MSA}vajropama ... samdhna; {MSA}vajropama
... samdhi; vajropamasamdhi vajra-like
rdo rje
skhyil krung; rdo rje skhyil mo krung; rdor skhyil

vajrsana vajra-posture [i.e., the full-lotus
posture]; adamantine posture; vajra posture
rdo rje lta bui sems {C}
rdo rje skhyil mo krung
rdo rje skhyil krung / rdor skhyil/ vajra-
vajropama-citta vajra-like mind {C}

adamantine thought
posture [i.e., the full-lotus posture]
rdo rje khu tshur {C}vajra-mui vajrafist [name of a mudr]; Vajramui [p.n. of a
Bodhisattva] {PH}vajra-fist [name of a mudr]
rdo rje glu Song of the Vajra

rdo rje rgyal mtshan {PH}
mrga path of the Vajra Vehicle
rdo rje dam tshig
{PH}vajra claws
rdo rje dbang phyug {Toh.360}
rdo rje chang [vajra-holding];
kulievara (kulia-ivara) {PH}Vajra Lord
rdo rje mi phyed
Vajradhara, the highest Tantric deity
rdo rje dzin
{PH}
{PH}vajra-holder; tantric
master
rdo rje dzin pa
{C}vajra-
ness
rdo rje mnyam pa nyid {C}vajra-
{PH}vajra-holder;
tantric master
rdo rje dzin pa {PH}vajra holder

rdo rje gzegs ma vajra node;
samatva sameness of the vajra (?) {C}selfidentity of the vajra(?)
{PH}indestructible
vajra
Vajrasrya
rdo rje snying po Vajragarbha

rdo rje bsnyems ma {Das}
{PH}vajrasamaya;
vajra commitments
{PH}
Vajradhara and consort
rdo rje nyid pa {C}vajrat
rdo rje thal mo vajra-palms{VM}

rdo rje theg pa vajra-yna Vajra
rdo rje theg pai lam vajra-yna-
rdo rje lcags kyu {PU} vajrkua
rdo rje nyi ma {LCh} vajrasrya
mind-generation like diamond
Vehicle
Vajradhvaja[-stra]
rdo rje chang yab yum
rdo rje lta bui sems bskyed
diamond slivers
392
rdo rje bzlas pa vajrajpa vajra
rdor skhyil;
repetition
rdo rje sems can vajrasattva

Vajrasattva [p.n. of a Buddha]
rdo rje sems dpa vajrasattva

Vajrasattva
rdo rje sra ba nyid {C}vajra-dhat

hardness of the vajra; firmness of the vajra
rdo rje slob dpon vajra master

rdo rjei snying po {C}vajra-garbha
vajra-womb
garbha having the vajra-essence {C}(to be) a

vajra in embryo; vajra-womb
rdo rjei brtul zhugs *vajravrata

{PH}vajra vows of conduct
{PH}
vajrasamaya; vajra commitments
rdo rjei tshig bcu po dag

{MV}daa vajrapadni ten vajra-words
{C}
free from stones
rdo ril {PH}small stone

rdo leb flat stone; flat rock
rdo bsregs {ntideva 10.8} upala
{PH}
rdol ba
rdol/ rdol/
rdold/ rdold/ to come forth; to come out
shin du dwangs pai
chu las chu bur rdol ba lta buo it is like a water
bubble surfacing from very clean water{TGP 56}
rdos {PH}corpulent; bloated; heavy and gross

ldang ldang ldang ldangs
ldangs {MV}vyutthna rise up; get up; flow;

suffice slar mi ldang bai
tshul gyis in the manner of not rising again
nang sdang kho na yin te rises only
inside skur ldang ba one rises in the
body [of so and so]
ldang jug gnas

ldang ba
ldang ldang
ldangs ldangs {MV,MSA}vyutthna; {MSA}utthna
rise up; get up; flow; suffice {C}emergence
rdog {C}padik {C}point

rdog thabs gcig gis from a
ldang ba ma mchis pa
ldang ldang ldangs ldangs {C}asamutthna
not rise up/get up/flow/suffice {C}non-arising;

no arising; does not rise up
single point
ldang bai thabs
{PH}a grain of corn

ldang ldang ldangs ldangs {MSA}vyutthnopya
method of rising/getting up
brdar/ rdar/ brdar/
rdor/ nikaa rub
rdor sems yab yum
rdor bzlas kyi btum mo sbar nas
gsum gyi gdangs the tones of the three;

exhalation, inhalation, and retention
{PH}burning coals
rdog po
rdor
Vajrasattva and consort
rdo rjei snying po can {C}vajra-
rdo ba {C}pa {C}stone

rdo ba med pa {C}apagata-pa
rdor bzlas vajra repetition
zhu ba melted from kindling the fierce female by

way of vajra repetition {TGP 36}
vajra-essence {C}(to be) a vajra in embryo;
rdo rjei dam tshig
rdo rje skhyil mo krung; rdo rje skhyil krung

vajra-posture [i.e., the full-lotus posture]
zhabs gnyis rdor
skhyil longs spyod rdzogs pai sku/ [Vajradharas]
two legs are in the vajra [i.e., full lotus] posture, and
[he] is a Complete Enjoyment Body (nirmnakya)
393
ldan {C}sayoga; {C}samprayukta; {C}yukta;
is neither matter nor consciousness
{C}yoga; (upa i): {C,MSA}upeta; {MSA}upe; {C}

sagata; {C}samanvita; {MSA}anvita possessing;
having; possessor; endowed with {C}endowed;
possessed of; (causal) connection; endowed with;
united in friendship; intent on; associated with;
suitable; in possession of; joined to; devoted;
junction with; devotion; junction; practice;
conjunction; endeavor; occupation; undertaking;
mat blo gros dang ldan pa having
intelligence nus pa dang ldan pa
possessing the capacity
ldan pa {C}sayukta; {MSA}pratisayukta;
{MSA}prayukta; {MSA}yoga; {C,MSA}

samprayukta; {C}samprayoga; {MSA}yuta; {MSA}mat; {C}upeta; {MSA}samupetat; {C,MSA,MV}
samanvgata; {MSA}samanvgama; {MSA}
samanvita; {MSA}samudita; {MSA}anuga;
{MSA}anugata; {MSA}anugatatv possessing;
having; possessor; endowed with; conjunction;
association {C}conjoined with; intent on;
associated with; with; conjuction; exercise;
endowed (with); possessed of; endowed with
dang ldan pa having ...
ldan par {C}yukta possessing; having

ldan par gyur te
1 gang zag yin par gyur pai ldan min dus byed/
2 gang zag ma yin par gyur pai ldan min dus
byed Divisions: (1) non-associated compositional
factor that arises as a person; (2) non-associated
compositional factor that does not arise as a person
ldan
min du byed du gyur pai ldog pa rigs gcig pa
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs nonassociated compositional factors which are the
same isolate type
ldan
min du byed du gyur pai rdzas rigs gcig pa nonassociated compositional factors which are the
same type of substantial entity
ldir to bulge{D2}
bulbous
lde
lto ldir ba
ldeu god; deity

/sprul pai rgyud ma chad pai nang na
lde/ is a god within an uninterrupted continuum of

emanations {GZ 69a.2}
lde mig ldeu mig key

ldem dgongs abhisadhaya indirect
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}sayujyate
become connected with {C}be joined; will win;

win
intention
ldem dgongs bzhi catvro
ldan pas {C}yukta possessing; having

ldan min nonassociated
ldan min du byed viprayukta-
bhisadhaya four indirect intentions
dbye ba/ 1
Divisions:
saskra nonassociated compositional

factor; non-associated compositional factor
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ 1 bem shes gang rung
ma yin pai dngos po/ 2 gzugs shes gang rung ma yin pai
dngos po/ 3 bem shes gang rung ma yin pai dus byas/
Definitions: (1) a thing that is neither matter nor

consciousness; (2) a thing that is neither form nor
consciousness; (3) a compounded phenomenon that

dbye ba/
Divisions:
394
gzhug pa la ldem por dgongs pa/ 2 mtshan nyid la

ldem por dgongs pa/ 3 gnyen po la ldem por dgongs
pa/ 4 sbyor ba la ldem por dgongs pa/ bsgyur ba
la ldem por dgongs pa/ Div.: 1) Intending entry
(avatra nbhisadhi), 2) Intending the characters
(lakabhisadhi) 3) Intending an antidote
(pratipakbhisadhi), 4) Intending translation
(parimbhisadhi).
ldem po ngag parable; allegory; hidden ldog cha nas in isolation

intention; object; meaning; deceive
ldog chas phye ba differentiated by
ldem po dag gis by way of
way of conceptually isolatable factors
intentional speech
ldog chas phye ba tsam
ldem por dgongs
ma gtogs except for being merely distinguished
pa/ ldem dgongs {MSA}abhisadhi intention;
hidden intention; indirect intention speaking
deliberately; purpose; deceive
by the isolate factor ...{PGP 70}
ldeu mig lde mig key

ldog ldog ldog ldogs ldogs
vyatireka; {C}nivtta; {C}nirvtta; {MSA}nirvtti;

(vy vt): {MV}vyvartate; {C}vivartate reverse;
cease; turn around; isolate; eliminate; reversed
{C}turned away; desist; turn away from; turn
back on; is diverted ngo bo
gcig ldog pa tha dad one entity [within being]
different isolates khor
ba ldog jug gi rim pa the stages of entering into
and disengaging from cyclic existence
ma log bar du mi ldog par until ... is
overcome ... cannot be overcome
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 don ldog 2 spyi ldog 3 gzhi
ldog 4 rang ldog Divisions: (1) meaning isolate
(artha-vyatireka); (2) generality isolate (smnyavyatireka); (3) illustration isolate (lakya-vyatireka);
(4) self-isolate (sva-vyatireka)
ldog khyab vyatireka-vypti
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs yogya-vyatireka-
chos dang po gsum/ 1 rang yin pai ldog chos/

2 rang ma yin pai ldog chos/ 3 ldog chos phung
sum tsam po ba/ phyi ma rjes mthun bzhi/ 4 rdzas
chos kyi rjes mthun/ 5 rang yin pai ldog chos
kyi rjes mthun/ 6 rang ma yin pai ldog chos kyi
Div.: the first three isolate phenomena: (1) isolate
phenomenon that is itself; (2) isolate phenomenon
that is not itself; (3) isolate phenomenon that is a
mere third possibility; the four latter concordant
isolate phenomena: (4) concordance with substan
ldog chos dang po gsum
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs first three

isolate phenomena
nyid/ khyod gzhi grub/ khyod khyod rang ma yin/ khyod
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs viparysa-
ma yin pa khyod yin/ khyod kyi ldog pa ldog chos phung
sum tsam po ba dang mi gal ba yang yin pai gzhi mthun
vyatireka-vypti perverse reverse pervasion/

entailment
par dmigs pa/ Def.: an observed common locus of:
ldog ldog ldogs
ldogs isolate factor
dbye ba/ ldog
Divisions:
mtshan
vypti proper/correct reverse pervasion/

entailment
ldog cha
ldog ldogs ldogs vyatireka-dharma isolate

phenomenon {GD:104} phenomena that exist
as differentials, i.e., conceptually constructed
universals
tsam po ba ldog ldog ldogs

ldogs isolate phenomenon that is a mere third
possibility; isolate-phenomenon-of-the-third-type
Definitions:
ldog khyab phyin ci log
ldog
ldog chos phung sum
counterpervasion; reverse pervasion;

{GD:519} negative pervasion
ldog khyab rnal ma
ldog chos
395
(1) its being an established base; (2) its not being

itself; (3) not-it being it; and (4) its isolate being a
mere third possibility of isolate phenomenon
ldog chos
ldog pa ngos dzin gyi rnam bzhag
phung sum tsam po bai rjes mthun

ldog ldog ldogs ldogs concordance with
an isolate phenomenon that is a mere third
possibility; similitude-of-isolate-phenomenonof-the-third-type
Definitions:
presentation of identifying isolates
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 spyi ldog 2 rang ldog 3 don ldog 4
gzhi ldog Divisions: (1) generality isolate; (2) self
isolate; (3) meaning isolate; (4) illustration isolate
mtshan nyid/ khyod gzhi grub/ khyod
ldog pa gcig
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs {GD:284} identity of

differential;{GD:669} [conceptually] one and the
same thing
khyod rang ma yin/ khyod ma yin khyod yin/ khyod kyi

ldog pa ldog chos phung sum tsam po bai rjes mthun
dang mi gal ba yang yin pai gzhi mthun par dmigs pa/
Definition: an observed common locus between:

(1) its being an established base; (2) not it being
it; (3) it being not it; and (4) its isolate not being
contradictory with a subsequent concordance that is
a mere third possibility of isolate phenomenon
ldog pa
ldog ldog ldogs
ldogs {N}vyatireka; {C,MSA,N}vyvtti; {C}

nivartaka; {C}nirvartana (=pratinivtti); {C}
nirvtti; {MV}parivttitva; {MV}vinivartana; {C}
apravtti; {C}pratikramaa; {MSA}bheda; {MSA}
virati; vivartana isolate; conceptually isolatable
phenomenon {PH}isolate; difference; opposite
{C}turn back; recede; revulsion; withdrawn
from worldly activity; turning back (towards);
one goes back on; turning away from; withdrawal
from activity; coming back; {GD:89} difference;
{GD:237} differential (dge lugs); particularizer (sa
skya); {GD:275} rjes gro dang
ldog pa positive and negative concomitance
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs different isolates
ldog pa gzung rtog
{PH}
conception of [the true existence of] objects which
is to be turned away from [by Bodhisattvas]
ldog pa gzung rtog dgu

ldog pa rigs gcig
{PH}
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs one isolate type
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ gang zag gang gis yid gtad

pas mthong tsam nyid nas di dang di drao snyam
pai blo ngang gi skyed nus pai chos/ Definition:
ldog pa isolate; conceptually isolatable
phenomenon which, from merely being seen by

whatever person focuses his/her mind, is able to
naturally produce an awareness thinking, this and
that are similar
ldog pa rigs gcig pa
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs same isolate

type
ldog pa rigs mthun pa
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs concordant
phenomenon7 size=3></font></div> {PH}

isolate; difference; opposite
rjes gro dang ldog pa positive and negative
concomitance
isolate type{LG 30.3}
ldog pa rigs mi dra ba
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs dissimilar
ldog pa ngos dzin
ldog pa tha dad
the nine conceptions of [the true existence of]

objects to be turned away from [by Bodhisattvas]
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 spyi ldog 2 rang ldog 3 don ldog 4
gzhi ldog Divisions: (1) generality isolate; (2) self
isolate; (3) meaning isolate; (4) illustration isolate
gzung dzin bzung zungs {PH}identifying

isolates {GD:254} differential
isolate types
396
ldog pai phyir du
sdig pa dang bral ba {C}ppa-
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs in order to

eliminate{LG}
virata free from sin {C}which desists from evil
ldog par gyur
sdig pa ni so sor bshags so
rab tu bskor bar gyur ro

bskor skor bskord skord {C}nirvartate turn
away from; change; eliminate; reverse; isolate
{C}turns back; recedes; is made to desits
ldog par gyur ro
{MSA}ppa pratideaymi confession of sins

individually {T}
sdig pa byed pa {MSA}ppa-krin

sinner
sdig pai grogs ldan {C}ppa-
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs {C}virgayati;
mitra-sahita {C}one who has bad friends
{C}parivellayati turn away from; change;

eliminate; reverse; isolate {C}displease; has
lost; become estranged; turns back on; pleases
permanently; swap away from
sdig pai grogs pai
lag tu song ba song song song

song {C}ppa-mitra-hastagata {C}one who is in
the hands of a bad friend [spiritual advisor, teacher]
ldong ros {PH}mineral medicine; realgar

ldongs pa {C}andha {C}blind
ldongs par gyur pa {C}andhkta
sdig pai grogs po {C}ppa-mitra

evil friend {C}bad friend
sdig pai grogs pos
{C}blind
ldom bu pa {PH}mendicant
ldom gsum rab byed
nye bar brten pa {C}ppa-mitra-upastabdha

{C}one who relies on bad friends
{GD:847}
Sa-gya Paitas (sa skya paita) Differentiation
of the Three Vows. Complete Works of the Sa-skya
Masters. Tokyo: Toyo Bunko. 1969.
sdig byed {C}ppa-kt sin; cause to sin

{C}a cause of evil
sdig blon
{PH}evil minister; poisonous
sdang {C}dua hate; anger {C}full of hate

sdig sbrul {C}sarspa
sdams te {C} baddha {C}bound; tied (to);
animal; snake
advisor
sdigs mdzub
tied up; caught in
sdig ppa sin; moral wrong-doing

sdig sgrib {PH}ethical transgressions and
index finger
{C}crawling
mdzub mo/
sdug {MSA}priya; {MSA}snigdha dear; kind;
obstructions
beloved
sdig ltung
sdug gu {Das} knta; {ntideva 10.6} dyuti
{PH}ethical transgressions and

infractions [of vows]
{PH}splendor
sdig pa {LCh,C,MSA}ppa; {MSA,MV}
sdug bsngal {LCh,C,MSA,MV}dukha;
sdig pa can {MSA}ppaka sinful
sdug bsngal skye ba {MSA}
ppaka; {C}agha sin; moral wrong-doing;

scorpion {PH}ethical transgression; negative
action {C}evil; misfortune
sdig pa ni so sor bshags pa Disclosure of ethical
transgressions individually.
397
{C}dukhita; {C}dukhi; {MV}dukhana; {MSA}

dukhat; {MSA}dukhita; {C}roga; {C}vedan
suffering; pain {C}misery; torment; discomfort;
feeling; sickness; disease; sorry; painful; ailing;
miserable
dukhotpdana arising of suffering
doctrine of suffering
sdug bsngal khas len pa
sdug bsngal chos shes
{MSA}dukhbhyupeta assert suffering
doctrinal knowledge with respect to sufferings
sdug bsngal gyi bden pa
sdug bsngal jigs pa med

{MSA}dukhabhta (na ca-) fearless with
respect to suffering
dukha-satya true suffering; truth of suffering
sdug bsngal gyi du shes
sdug bsngal rjes bzod
{MSA}dukha-saj conception of suffering
sdug bsngal gyi sdug bsngal
subsequent forbearance with respect to

sufferings
dukhadukat suffering of misery
sdug bsngal
gyi sdug bsngal nyid las grol ba

grol grold grol grold {MSA}dukhadukhat-moka liberation from the suffering of
suffering
sdug bsngal gyi rnam
sdug bsngal nyid gsum {MSA}
tir ... dukhat; {MSA}dukhat three sufferings
sdug bsngal rtog pa {MSA}
sdug bsngal mthar bya ba
{MSA}anta-kriy (dukhasya-) bring suffering to

an end (?)
sdug bsngal gyi
sdug bsngal mthong {MSA}dukha-
phung po chen po rab tu zhi ba {MSA}dukhaskandha-praama (mah-) pacify the great

aggregation of suffering
darana view suffering
sdug bsngal
mthong spang nyon mongs bcu {PH}ten

afflictions to be abandoned by the path of seeing
[related to the Noble Truth of] Suffering
{PH}
root of suffering
sdug bsngal gyis
jigs pa dgag pa {MSA}dukha-trsa-pratiedha

eliminate the fear of suffering
sdug bsngal gyis yod
sdug bsngal
dag gis spa mi gong bai phyir {MSA}dukhair

avidt because of not being poisoned by
suffering
sdug bsngal dang kun byung ba dang
gzir cing {C}dukhrta {C}distressed
sdug bsngal gyur ba {C}kcchra-
gog pa dang lam gyi bden pa

byung byung byung byung {MSA}dukhasamudaya-nirodha-mrga-satya true suffering,
arising, cessation, and path; the truths of
suffering, arising, cessation, and path
prpta miserable; suffering {C}in trouble
sdug bsngal chung ngu myong
{MSA}tanu-dukhopasavitti experience little

suffering
sdug bsngal chos bzod
sdug bsngal dang ni don
bzod bzod bzod bzod dukha-
{MSA}dukhrtha object of suffering; meaning

of suffering
dharma-knti forbearance with respect to the
subsequent knowledge with respect to sufferings
dukha-kalpa conceive of suffering

bsgoms sgoms {MSA}dukhkra-bhvana
meditation on the aspects of suffering
sdug bsngal gyi rtsa ba
sdug bsngal rjes shes
398
sdug bsngal dang bral ba
{MSA}dukha-viyoga; {MSA}dukhpagama free

from suffering
sdug bsngal dang yid mi
bde ba {MSA}dukha ... daurmanasya miserable

and unhappy in mind
sdug bsngal dwang len
gyi bzod pa bzod bzod bzod

bzod patience/forbearance/tolerance/endurance
which is voluntary assumption of suffering
sdug bsngal bdag nyid {MSA}
sdug bsngal mi rtog pa {MSA}

dukha-kalpa (na ca-) not impute suffering
sdug bsngal me {ntideva} dukhgni

{PH}fires of suffering
sdug bsngal me chen {ntideva}

*mah-dukhgni {PH}great fires of suffering
sdug bsngal myong {MSA}

dukhopasavitti experience suffering
sdug bsngal mtshungs
pa nyid {MSA}dukha-samat sameness of

suffering
dukhtmaka essence of suffering; suffering

essence
sdug bsngal zad par dod
sdug bsngal bden pa {LCh}
pa {MSA}dukha-kaykkaa desire the

extinction of suffering
dukha-satya true suffering; true sufferings;

truth of suffering
sdug bsngal ba {MSA,MV}dukha; {N}

dukhita; {MSA}dukhin miserable{N}; suffering
sdug bsngal bar gyur te
sdug bsngal bzod pa
bzod bzod bzod bzod {MSA}dukha-
kamaa forbearance with respect to suffering
sdug bsngal rang bzhin {MSA}

dukha-prakti nature of suffering; natural
suffering
dukha {C}suffering; discomfort
sdug bsngal byung ba
sdug bsngal rab tu zhi ba
sdug bsngal bab pa
sdug bsngal las rnam
byung byung byung byung {MSA}dukhasamudbhava arising of suffering

grol grold {MSA}dukhd vimukta completely
liberated from suffering
bab babs bab babs {MSA}

dukhpattipta descent of suffering
sdug bsngal byung ba
sdug bsngal sel pa
bsal sel bsald seld {C}dukha-
dukhotpda arising of suffering
sajna eliminate/eradicate/remove/clear
away/avoid/exclude suffering
sdug bsngal ma
yin bde ba yang ma yin adukhsukhavedan
neither pleasure nor suffering; neutral feeling
sdug bsngal mang po {C}dukha-
bhyiha much suffering {C}what abounds in

suffering
sdug bsngal mang ba {C}vedanbahula much suffering {C}has many pains
{MSA}dukha-praamana thoroughly pacify

suffering
399
sdug bsngal sel ba
bsal sel bsald seld {C}dukha-apoha;
{MSA}dukhpaha eliminate/eradicate/remove/
clear away/avoid/exclude suffering {C}removal
of suffering
sdug bden true sufferings
sdug pa {LCh}priya; {C,MSA}ubha {C}
(=praasta); {C}ubhat; {MSA}ia attractive;

nice; beautiful {PH}attractive; nice; beautiful;
beloved; spouse {C}dear; kind; beloved; lovely;
wholesome; pleasant; merit; pleasantness
mtshan dpei ngo mtshar mdzes
sdug amazing, beautiful, pleasant signs, and marks
{DASI 552.3}
sdug pa dang mi sdug pa

priypriya beauty and ugliness
sdug pai bras bu dod pa

{MSA}ia-phalecch desire an attractive result/
fruit
sdug mi bsngal ba {MSA}na

collect; include; abridge {C}assemble
bsdus sdus {C,MSA}sagraha; {MSA}

sagrhaka;{MSA,MV} karaa collect;
collection; include; inclusion; compendium
{C}comprehension; assembling; comprehended;
attraction; comprising; that which comprehends;
complete removal of; are summed up in; combine;
comprised; combination; summary; means of
conversion
sdud pai rgyu
bsdu
sdud bsdus sdus {MV}karaa-hetu cause of
collection; cause of abridgement
bsdu
sdud bsdus sdus {C}sakipati collect; include;

abridge {C}assemble; compress
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {MSA}(grah): grahyante
collect; include; abridge
sdud par byed pa {PU} sagtikt

{PH}compiler
sdud par mi bgyid
continuative particle indicating there is more

to come in the sentence, sometimes setting
off appositives and usually indicating there is
another clause to the sentence {PH}set; school;
faction; [rhetorical continuative particle]
sde bdun Dharmakrtis Seven Treatises
pai rab tu byed pa/ 2 tshad ma rnam par nges pa/

3 tshad ma rnam grel gyi tshig leur byas pa/ 4
rigs pai thigs pa zhes bya bai rab tu byed pa/ 5
gtan tshigs kyi thigs pa zhes bya ba rab tu byed pa/
6 rgyud gzhan grub pa Divisions: (1) Analysis
of Relations (brel pa brtag pai rab tu byed pa,
sabanda-parkvtti); (2) Ascertainment of Valid
Cognition (tshad ma rnam par nges pa, pramavinicaya); (3) Commentary on (Digngas)
Compendium of Valid Cognition (tshad ma
bsdu sdud
sdud par gyur ba
sdus bsngal dukha suffering

sde (1) set; school; faction; sect{BJ 46.2}; (2)
dbye ba/ 1 brel pa brtag
{C}dadati; {MSA}(upa guh): upaguhya to
sdud par bgyid
bsdu/ sdud/ bsdus/

sdus/ to collect; include; abridge
Divisions:
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus
sdud pa
sdus
on Valid Cognition
dukhyate non-suffering; not suffering
sdud
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {C}sakipati not collect;

not include; non-abridged {C}assemble;
compress
400
sde bdun
mdo dang bcas pai dgongs grel tshad ma rigs gter

gyi grel ba rigs lam rab gsal
bkral grel bkrald greld {GD:848} Tukje-b#el-sangs (thugs rje dpal bzang) Illumination of
the Path of Reasoning, Commentary on [Sa-pas]
Treasury of Valid Cognition which Explains the
Thought of [Dharmakrtis] Seven Texts together
with [Digngas] Stra. Reprint of Der-ge ed
sde bdun mdo dang bcas pai dgongs
grel tshad ma rigs gter gyi grel bai rnam bshad
rigs lam gsal bai nyi ma
bkral grel bkrald greld {GD:845} Lo
Khen-chens (glo bo mkhan chen bsod nams lhun
grub) Sun Illuminating the Path of Reasoning, an
Extensive Explanation which is a Commentary to
[Sa-pas] Treasury of Valid Cognition [and] a
Commentary on the Thought of [Dharmakrtis]
Seven Tr
stra)]
sdong bu stamba (=viapam); {C}gaa

tree trunk {C}tree; boil; trunk; tree
sdod
bsdad/ sdod/
bsdad/ sdod/ to subsist; abide; stay; reside; sit;
stop; dwell
sdod pa
sde snod piaka scriptural collection;
bsdad/ sdod/ {C}tihati to subsist; abide; stay;

reside; sit; stop; dwell {C}stands; abides; stand
up; remain; sit; stay; be at ease
basket
sde snod gsum {MSA}piaka-traya;
sdod lugs mode of abiding; mode of
tripiaka the three baskets [stra, abhidharma,

and vinaya]; three scriptural collections
subsistence{BJ 55.4}; status; way of subsistence

{GD:384} mode of existence
sde pa school of thought; school, group; set;

sectarian{BJ 50.6}
sde
pa nyis shu po rtsod par smra ba dag gi gnas su

gyur pa source of controversy among the twenty
sects [of Hearers]
sde tshan group; set; meaning unit

sdeb sbyor {PH}composition; formal
sdod sa {PH}residence
sdod sai spyi khang
{PH}
communal residence hall
sdon po lo ma {C}ta-pattra
{C}
stalks and leaves (and branches)
stylistic writing
sder mo {LV} nakha
{PH}claw(s)
phags pai
bden pa bzhii sder mo dang mche ba shin tu rno
ba; [His] claws and fangs of the four noble truths
are extremely sharp. {LVS} = 1-02-00087-H96SID000111
sder rtse plate

sdong {C} druma {C}tree
sdong dum mes thag pa
sdom
bsdam/
sdom/ bsdams/ sdoms/ {MSA}uddna; {MSA}
uddna-loka bind; tie; fasten; vow; obligation;
bring together; collect
sdom pa {LCh,C,L}savara; {MSA}savtti;

{C}sayama; {C}sacara; {C}salekha; {MSA}
yang dag par sdom pa = sayama vow; bind;
tie; fasten; obligation; bring together; collect;
discipline {C}restraint(s); restrain; self-mastery;
engagement; (austere) penance
sdom pa dzin par byed
laang {C} dagdha-sthym {C}burned at the

stake
sdong po {C}stamba (=viapam); gaa;

savaram padyate {C}effects restraint
sdom pa la gnas pa {MSA}
savara-stha abide in a vow; abide in restraint
sdom pai tshul khrims {MSA}
{MSA}skandha tree trunk {C}tree
sdong po bkod pa yi mdo
savara-la ethics of restraint
{PH}the Array of Stalks Stra [gandhavuhya-stra:

ch. 45 of Flower Ornament Sutra (avataka-
bsdad/ sdod/
401
sdom pai rang bzhin {MSA}
yama-svabhva restrained nature; nature of
brda sbyar pa
sbyar sbyor
sbyard sbyord connecting the terminology [to
the object for the first time]
restraint
sdom pai sems {MSA}sakalanacitta restrained mind
sdom par dzin
brda sbyar bai gzhi
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {GD:432} [not the

object of naming but only] the basis on which the
name was introduced
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}savarya

pratipadyate {C}promises restraint
sdom byed {C} savarati
brda sbyor bai chos
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {GD:431}
{C}restrains
himself
sdom ma yin {C}asavaro
characteristic [through which] the name is given
{C}no
brda la dris pai rjes
restraint; non-restraint
sdom min {C}asavaro; asavara bad
su zhugs pa zhug jug zhugs

zhugs {MV}saketa-sastavnupravia engage
in acquaintance with terminology
discipline {C}no restraint; non-restraint
sdoms
bsdam/
sdom/ bsdams/ sdoms/ bring together; collect;

bind; tie; fasten vow; obligation
brda la byang
33.5}; bind; tie; fasten vow; obligation
brda la byang bai skyes bu
sdoms rtags combined reason

sdoms pa bring together; collect{BJ
languaged person; person trained in language
brda saketa{C, L,MSA} <div>terminology;
brda la ma byung bai byis pa

byung byung byung byung a
child not versed in terminology
term; language</div> {C}date; agreed symbol;

conventional symbol; verbal expresion; written
sign; verbal sign; {GD:423} appellation
brda la byang bai skyes bu languaged
person
brda las byung
bai sems bskyed pa bskyed

skyed bskyed skyed {MSA}sketika-cittotpda
produce a mind that is versed in terminology
brda dang sgra {C}saketa-ruta terms
brdad ba rub
brdab pa
and sounds {C}voices and sounds
brda dogs pai gzhi
gdags dogs btags/
sprad
sprod sprad sprod expound; make distinctions of

terms; explain words
brda byas pa linguistic referentiality;

brda terminology; communication

brda chad {PH}terminology
brda sprod
kun bshad kyi btags ming {PH}grammatical

name; Sanskritic name as a grammarian [on the
completion of the course of study of the three
grammatical systems the successful student was
referentiality
brda dbang force of terminology
brdab/ rdeb bam rdab/ brdabs/ rdebs/ to hit; to

clap
brtags thogs basis of designation by verbal

conventions{BJ 77.2}
brda sprod pa
byang byangs byang byongs trained in

language
402
bsdams par gyur {MSA}savta;
given a grammatical name under which he wrote

any works dealing with philological studies;
literature; mathematics and astronomy; and
medicine.]
brda sbyor
{MSA}susavta restrain; bind
bsdigs pa

bsdigs/ sdig bsdig sdigs/ jita conquer; subdue
sbyar sbyor
bsdu
sbyard sbyord terminological connection
brdar
brdard/ rdor
sdus/ {MV}sagrhya; {MSA}sagrahaa; {MV}

(k): kriyate collect; conclude; gather; include;
abridge
ram rdar/ brdar/ rdord/ {L}saketa; nikaa

terminology; term; rubbing{BJ 11.2}; rubbed
brdar btags
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {MSA}
saketa impute terminology
brdung
brdungs/
rdung / brdung / rdungs/ to beat
brdung ba {C}parhantu to beat

brdung zhing tshe ba {C}kuana-
snedana (=svedana?) {C}poundings and torments
brdul raja dust

brdeg cha
brdeg rdeg brdegs/

rdegs/ tang bca/ cha/ bcas/ cha/chos [beatmake]; torment; to slip; fall
brdeg pa {C}prahra; {C,MSA}tan; {L}

hana beat {C}blow; belaboring with; blows;
strike
brdos swollen; swell

brdos bcas [swollen-having]; swollen;
bursting; bubbly
bsdad
bsdad/ sdud/
bsdu ba
bsdud/ sdud/ bsdu/ sdus/ rnam par
gtan la dbab pa bsdu ba/ {C,MSA,MV}sagraha;

{C}sagraha-vastu; {C}sakipya; {C}samsa;
{L}pia; sagraha collect; conclude; gather;
include; abridge; Asagas Compendium of
Ascertainments (nirnaya-sagraha); the
Compendium {C}comprehension; assembling;
comprehended; attraction; comprising; that which
comprehends; complete removal of; are summed
up in; combine; comprised; combination; summary;
means of conversion; composed; collected; means
of conversion; briefly; object
bsdu ba dman
pa dang bring ba dang mchog {MSA}hnamadhyottama ... sagraha the small, middling,
and great collections
bsdu bai dngos po {C,MSA}
sagraha-vastu collected things {C}means of

conversion
bsdu bar bya ba {C}sagrahtavya

{C}should be attracted
bsdu bar tshigs su bcad pa

{MSA}sagraha-loka collected verses
bsdad/ sdod/ to subsist; abide; stay; reside; sit;

stop; dwell
bsdams
bsdam/
sdom/ bsdams/ sdoms/ {MSA}savta; {MSA}
susavta restrained; bound; bring together;
collect; bind; tie; fasten vow; obligation
bsdams pa sgo {MSA}gupta-dvratva

door of restraint; restraining door
bsdu/ sdud/ bsdus/
403
bsdud collect; conclude; gather

bsdums bsdum
sdum bsdum/bsdums sdums put together; bring
together; make agree; conciliate
bsdus
bsdu sdud
bsdus sdus (sa kip): {MSA}sakipya;

{MV}abhisakip-; {MV}abhisakepa; {C}
paripiayati; {C}pratisahtavn in brief;
collect; conclude; gather; include; abridge {C}
heaps up; withdrew
bsdus grwa
bsdu sdud
bsdus sdus Collected Topics of Prime Cognition;

Collected Topics [on prime cognition]
bsdus grel
bsdu sdud
bsdus sdus condensed commentary
bsdus sgom collectively cultivating;
meditatively cultivating collectively; collective

meditative cultivation
(=glna); {C}gilni-krya {C}fall ill
na bar byed pa {C}bdhyate sicken

{C}is oppressed
na mo nama [transliteration of sanskrit

word for name]; obeisance; homage
na mo dbang po {PH}sense faculties

na tsha [pain-hot]; pain; ache; illness;
sickness
na tshig {PH}condition
na bza {LCh}cvara; {C}nivasana
bsdus dang rgyas pai sgo
nas bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {C}

samsa-vysata {C}briefly and in detail
bsdus nas
na bar gyur la {C}gilni-kya
clothing; dress; clothes {PH}clothing; dress;

clothes {C}undergarment
nag tshos jo bo mjal tshe
na bza smyug po can gsungs pa ... Nak-tshos
statement that when he met Atia, [he] had brown
clothes ... {GCC} p.14
bsdu sdud
bsdus sdus {C}paripiyati having collected/

abridged/abbreviated/brought together {C}
heaps up
bsdus pa
na bza dkar mo paravsin
bsdu sdud
bsdus sdus {MSA}samuccaya; {C}sakipta; {C}
sakepa; {C,MSA,MV}sagraha; {C,MSA,MV
3.22def.}saghta; {C}pratisahte collect;
compose; gather; include; abridge {C}
composed; collected; collectedness; condensed;
embodied in; comprised; incorporated;
comprehended; which was withdrawn
{PH}Paravsin
na bza dam pa {PH}best clothing

na bza brlag pa livhana
{PH}[King] livhana
na yang whereas{BJ 19.6}

na re non-case particle preceding a statement
dhi dhi DHI, seed syllable of Majur

dhu ti avadhuti dhuti; central channel
na (1) to; in; as; at [accusative, dative, locative
of opinion: someone
particle]; (2) if; when [non-case usages]; (3) be

sick; be ill; in pain [for the verb, na ba] {PH}if;
when [syntactic particle]; suitable age; stage of life;
meadow; pasture land
na ba {C}vydhita be sick; ill; in pain
na la da {PH}Nalanda
na lan da {PH}Nalanda
na le sham {L}marica pepper
nag ka; {MSA}mun nag = tama-prakra
darkness; black
nag po {LCh,C}ka; {LCh}kla; {LCh}

asita black {C}dark
na ba rnams la {C}vydhita {C}sick
nag po nye bar skyed pa
na ba tsha can {C}ara pain; ache;
{PH}sickness
illness; sickness {C}saline
khijtika {C}a mere viper
404
nag poi rtsi lag {C}ka-bandhu
nang gi dur khrod brgyad
{C}kinsman of the Darkness
nag poi rang bzhin can {C}
nang gi du byed
ka-nirjtika having a dark nature {C}

blackguard
nag phyogs
{PH}
inner eight charnel grounds
rnams skad cig ma nyid {MSA}dhytmikn

saskr kaikatva momentariness of
internal produced phenomena
[of the moon]
nang gi rnam par g.yeng ba
grove]; forest
nang gi bem po dhytmika-kanth
{PH}dark side; waning part
nags {C}vana forest {C}woods; thicket

nags kyi tshal vana [forest-of-
{MV}adhytma-vikepa internal distraction ?

{T}
internal matter internal thing
nags khrod {L}vana woods; forest

nags dab {C}vana-prastha {C}
nyid/ skyes bui rgyud kyis bsdus pai rdul du grub
woods; forest; jungle
nags tshal {LCh,C,MSA}vana; {C}vanaspati forest; grove {C}wood(s); thicket; tree
nags tshal phun sum tshogs

{C}vana-sampada {C}woods; groves
nang {LCh,MSA}adhytma; {MSA}adhytman;
{MSA}dhytmika; {MSA}vivaraka; {C}madhya

in; internal; inside; interior; house {PH}within;
among {C}inner; inward; subjective; middle;
middling
nang gi {C}tmika; {C}adhytman internal

{C}inner; inward; in itself; subjective
nang gi skye mched drug {MSA}

a-dhytmika ... yatana six internal sources;
internal sense-spheres

dbye
Divisions:
ba/ 1 mig gi dbang po/ 2 rna bai dbang po/ 3 snai

dbang po/ 4 lcei dbang po/ 5 lus kyi dbang po/ 6
yid kyi dbang po/ Div.: 1) eye sense power, 2) ear
sense power, 3) nose sense power, 4) tongue sense
power, 5) body sense power, and 6) mental sense
power
nang gi skye mched rnams
{MV}dhytmikny yatanni internal sources
Definitions:
mtshan
405
pa/ Definition: atomically established within the

continuum of beings

dbye ba/ 1 mig gi
Divisions:
dbang po/ 2 rna bai dbang po/ 3 snai dbang po/

4 lcei dbang po/ 5 lus kyi dbang po/ Divisions:
(1) eye sense-power; (2) ear sense-power; (3) nose
sense-power; (4) tongue sense-power; (5) bodily
sense-power
nang gi brag cha {LCh;C}pratirutk;

{MSA}rutk {PH}echo
nang gi byor ba lnga five inner

fortunes

dbye ba/ 1
Divisions:
mi yin pa/ 2 yul dbus su skye ba/ 3 dbang bo tshang

ba/ 4 las kyi mtha ma log pa/ 5 gnas la dad pa/
Div.: 1) Birth as a human, 2) Birth in a center of
Buddhist teaching, 3) Possessing sound faculties, 4)
Freedom from having done any of the five heinous
crimes, 5) Faith in the doctrine
nang gi gzugs dhytmika-rpa
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ skyes bui
shes rgyud kyis bsdus pai gzugs/ Definition: form
included/contained within the mental continuum of
beings
internal form
nang stong nyid {C}adhytma-nyat
Therefore, intelligent people constantly direct the

mind towards inner contemplation. {A4C}
emptiness of the internal {C}emptiness of
nang nas [inside-from]; from among; from
inward elements
nang stong pa nyid {C}dhytmika-
inside
nyat; {MV}adhytma-nyat inner emptiness

{C}emptiness of inward elements; emptiness of
the subject

nang nub nang nub cing rim gro bya bai don du
dong bar byed {C}syaprtar-upasthnyagacchati {C}is at all times ready to serve him
nang thugs sras {PH}inner heart-son

nang pa Buddhist; Insider
nang dang phyi {MSA}dhytmika-bhya
nang pa sangs rgyas pai
inner and outer
chos Buddhist religion; Buddhist doctrine
nang du {MSA}pratytma internally;
nang dbyings internal expanse
within
nang du dus par byas nas nang tshan inner divisions; set{Gn-chok}
du du/dud dus dus {C}
nang rab tu dwang ba
antar-gata {C}included; contained
nang du ldog pa

ldog ldog ldogs ldogs reverse inside; {T} reverse
internally
nang du gnas pa {MSA}adhytmagzung dzin bzung zungs holding inside
nang du yang dag jog la
disease; illness; sickness
nad bcas par {C}savydhi diseased;
jog pa {C}pratisalayana (=kya-di-viveka);

{L}pratisalna {C}seclusion; retiring for
meditation; meditative seclusion
ill {C}full of diesases
nad nyung ba {C}alpa-bdhat little
nang du yang dag bzhag
illness {C}free from sickness; rarely oppressed

by sickness
pa {C}pratisalayana {=kya-di-viveka);
{L}pratisalna {C}seclusion; retiring for
meditation; meditative seclusion
nad gdon
nang du rab gnas {MSA}adhytma-
{PH}disease and harmful
influences
nad gdon can
{PH}one [afflicted]
with disease or harmful influences
sastha abide internally
{PH}every
nad {C,MSA}roga; {C,MSA}vydhi; {C}glnya
nang du yang dag par
nang re dgongs re
adhytma-sastha abide within
{C}pratisalna {C}meditative seclusion
adhytmacint {PH}inner contemplation
internal awareness
nang la {C}abhyantara {C}interior; within

nang la rab tu gnas pa {MSA}
nang bdag bsam pa {A4C}
nang rig pa {MSA}adhytma-vidy

morning and every evening
sthiti abide inside
nang du dzin pa
adhytmasamprasda internal clarity
nad gdon sdig sgrib
{PH}
disease; harmful influences; ethical transgressions;
406
nam mkha kun song
song song song song {MSA}ambara ...
and obstructions
nad gdon bar chad
{PH}disease;
sarvagata going everywhere in space
nam mkha ji ltar {C}nabha
harmful influences; and obstacles
nad pa {MSA}tura diseased; ill; sick
space; sky
nam mkha rten ma mchis
person; patient
nad pai tshogs kyi {C}
pa {C}ka-apratihna {C}(when) space can

give no ground for support
turasvaroga collection of diseases {C}a

multitude of ailments
nad mi byung non-arising of illness

nad med ma {Amara} vigatrtav {PH}
non-menstruating woman
nad yams {PH}plague; epidemic

nad rab tu zhi bar byed pa
nam mkha lta bu {MV}kopamat;

{C}gagana-kalpa; {C}gagana-kalpatva space-like
{C}fashioned like the firmament
nam mkha lta bui

mnyam bzhag space-like equipoise
nam mkha
ltar chags pa med pai mtshan nyid {C}kaasaga-lakaa space-like character of nonattachment {C}like space, marked with nonattachment
{MSA}vydhi-amana thorough pacification of

illness
nan gyis certainly

nan tan {C}pratipatti earnest; ardent
nam mkha mtha yas {N}
{C}progressive path; progress to
nan tan chen po
{C}
knantya limitless space [first of the four

formless absorptions]
{PH}earnestness;
nam mkha mtha yas
great sincerity
nan tan du earnestly; ardently

nan tan du bya ba {C}pratipattavya
skye mched {L}knantyyatana sense-field of

limitless space
nam mkha mthong {C}ka-du
(=pratipadyate) {C}should progress
see space {C}a vision in space
nan tan du byed pa {C}pratipadyate nam mkha ma mchis pa {C}

{C}progress; hasten towards; promise; behave
ka-asatta {C}space is not something that is
nam or; and; when; time
{PH}[interrogative
particle]; when; time; as soon as; as is appropriate;
accordingly zhi lhag
zung brel nam thob pa na As soon as one attains
a union of calm abiding and special insight, ...
{PGP 76}
nam mkha {LCh,C,MSA}ka; {C}
abhyavaka; {C}kha; {C}gagana space; sky

{C}open space; open place; empty space; firmament
nam mkha ka space
407
nam mkha mdzod {C}gaganagaja

Gaganagaja [p.n. of a Bodhisattva]
nam mkha la {C}vaihyasa(m); {C}
antarka in space; in the sky {C}nto the air;

intermediate space/realm; air; firmament
nam mkha la
sogs pa dus ma byas du

du/dud dus dus {MSA}asaskta ... kdika
non-produced phenomena, space and so forth
nam zhig at the time; when
nam mkhai khams de dang
time
{C}ka-dhtu realm of space
nam mkhai chos {MSA}dharmka
nam yang {C}kadci(t); {C}jtu ever;
with negative: never {PH}ever; always;

absolutely {C}never again

gang zhig khor das chos rnams thams cad kyi/
rgyu bras nam yang bslu ba med mthong zhing
// Whoever sees that the cause and effect of all
phenomena of cyclic existence and nirvana is never
controvertible and ... {Three Principal Aspects}
mnyam bzhag las dus
nam yang mi g.yo bar Without ever moving from
the meditative stabilization ... {PGP 79}
phenomena of space
nam mkhai dang mnyam pa

{C}kha-samat sameness of space
nam mkhai bdag po spatial

over-self
nam mkhai lding {C}garua

Garua
nam mkhai dbyings
{PH}
expanse of space
nam mkhai dbyings

kyi dbang phyug ma {PH}Akadhatvivar
nam mkhai mdzod {MSA}gagana-
nam mkhar gnas pa {C}ka-
nar mo de med pas sa la bde bar bzhag tu btub;

Since these [alms bowls] do not have an oblong
bottom, they can be easily placed on the ground.
{GCC} p.15
grol grold grol grold vimuktimrga path of

release
nas (1) ablative particle: from; than; (2)
barley {PH}[gerund marker]; barley

nas dang las gnyis byung
khungs dang the two -- nas and las -- are the
ablative particles{Y}
nam chi {PH}time of death

nam chi mi nges pa uncertainty
of the time of death{N}
{PH}ever; always;
The understanding that thoroughly ascertains the

statement from this cause, that effect arises as the
meaning of the absolute inevitability of dependentarising ... Vth DL comm. on 3PAP vs. 11
skyes
de dag la zhabs
nirita abide in space {C}supported by the

ether
absolutely
{PH}at
nar ma {PH}plain; ordinary

nar mar {PH}always; continuously
nar mo {PH}elongated; oblong
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}ki-
nam du yang
nams kyang {PPT} kadyad

naang even if one generates ...
space {C}sky; firmament
nam grol lam
anutpatti not arise again
naang even it; even if
nam mkhar {C}gagana in the sky; in

bhavati {C}become like space
nam yang mi skye ba {MSA}punar

any time
garbha Gagana-garbha [p.n. of a Bodhisattva]
nam mkhar gyur ba
{PH}at the
At the time when ..... 3PAP
408
nas bzung ranging from

nas bzung ste {C}rabhya; {C}upadya
(=adhiktya) {C}begin(ing) from; beginning

with; take hold on; about; concerning; relevant to;
starting from; having turned his mind to; stimulated
by; initially founded on; if I take into consideration;
nub par gyur ba {C}antardhatte
following on; on account of; with reference to;

motivated by; w
nas ... bar ranging from ... to ...
{C}disappear; vanish
nub phyogs western direction; west

nub ba lang spyod
gzugs
dzin yid mngon nas reg bya dzin pai yid mngon
gyi bar lnga there are the five ranging from those
mental direct perceivers apprehending forms to
mental direct perceivers apprehending tangible
objects
spyad spyod spyad spyod aparagodnya the

western continent of Godnya
{PH}elogated
[n. of a stage of development of the embryo]
ni [a separative particle; non-case particle sets
off subject or topic] ni sgra

dgar dang brnan pao the syllable, ni, separates
and adds on{Y} dang po
ni srid pa tsam yin gyi the first hardly ever occurs
ni gu ma Niguma [p.n.]
nu breasts; teat
be u skyes ma thag nu zho nu bar rtsol pa dang
a calf who has just been born seeks the milk of the
teat{LWT 24}
nu ma breasts; teat
nub disappearance; west
nus khyad par can a special
{LCh}samartha; {LCh,MSA}smarthya; {GD:88}

akti; bla potency; capacity; ability; power
{PH}indication {C}is possible; be able; can;
lends itself to
disappearance of dualistic appearance with respect

to emptiness
{PH}householder
nus pa khyad par can
nub kyi ri bo pa aparaailas
{C}(aki cit) sam-artha {C}incapable of doing

anything
Aparaailas [p.n.]
nub pa {C}asta-gama disappearance;
nus pa cung zad kyang med
west {C}oing to rest
la {C}akicit-samartha {C}incapable of doing

anything
{C}
vanish
{C}
disappear; vanish
nub par gyur ba {C}antardhatte
nus pa thogs med
{PH}an
unimpeded capacity
nus pa dang ldan pa {MSA}akti-
yoga possessing the capacity; one who possesses

a capacity{Lati}
{C}disappear; vanish
nub par gyur {MSA}asta-gama; {C} nus pai sgo nas

their capacity
antardhatte disappear; vanish
{PH}
special capacity
nus pa ci yang ma mchis pa
west [back] channel at the heart
nub par gyur to {C}antardhatte
prabhaviyati); {C}akya; {MV}ak-; {MV}

smarthya; {C}pratibala ability; able; potency;
power; capacity {C}be able to; is powerless;
capable of enduring; is possible; be able; can; lends
itself to; capable; able to; competent
nus pa {LCh,C,MSA}akya; {MSA}akti;
nub par gyur {C}antardhyate
nur ba {C}sdayati {C}despair

nus {C}prabhavati; {C}prasahate (=na
capacity {PH}special capacity
stong nyid la gnyis snang nub pa the
nub kyi khyim ma
nur nur po {Das} kalala
409
{PH}by way of
nus ma yin {C}prabhavati unable;
smothered by
non par gyur pa {C}avakrnta
powerless {C}be able to
ne tso parrot
ne la kite
nem nu {C}kka {C}doubt
nem nur {C}vimati; {C}kkati; {C}
entered into
nor {C,MSA}dhana; {L}artha; {L}bhrnta;
{MSA}vitta (1) wealth; riches; to err; mistake;

error error; illusion; {C}money; prize; treasure;
goods
nor rgyas {LCh} vsuki
kkate; {C}kkyitva {C}perplexity; doubt;

uncertainty; consternation; hesitates; desires;
doubts; (state of) hesitation; perplexed
nem nur bgyid
{PH}[the Nga
King] Vsuki
nor che {C}mah-dhana
{C}immensely
affluent
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}kkati; {C} kkate

{C}hesitates; desires; doubts
nor mchog {PH}precious jewel

nor gtong gtang gtong
nem nur byed cing {C}kkyitva
btang thongs {C}dhana-dyaku {C}giver of

wealth
{C}(state of) hesitation; perplexed
nem nur mi mnga ba
{C}
nor dang bru phun sum
nikkan {C}free from hesitations
nor bdag {Negi} kubera
nikka {C}free from doubts
tshogs pa {C}dhana-dhnya-saddhi {C}

money, corn, and affluence
nem nur mi byed cing {C}
nem nur med {C}nirvicikitsa
{C}free
from doubt
nem nur med pa mi mnga ba

mnga mnga mnga mnga
{C}nikka {C}free from doubt
nel pa
nor bdag {Negi} dhandhipa
{PH}lord
of the treasury
nor bdag {Negi} vinyaka
{PH}remover
of obstacles
nor bdud {C}dhana
{PH}Nel-pa [Paita Drak-pa-mnlam-lo-dr (nel pa pai ta grags pa smon lam blo

gros)]
{C}riches; money;
wealth; prize; treasure; goods
nor phyug pa {PH}wealthiest man

nor ba {LCh}bhrnti; {L}bhrnta; {MSA}
no [particle indicating the end of a statement]

nongs {MSA}maraa death
nongs pa {PH}fault; error
non pa {C}via; {MSA}krnata; {MSA}zil
bhrama; {MSA}bhrntatva; {MSA}bhrntik; {MV}

vitatha error; mistake illusion
nor ba tsam {MSA}bhrnti-mtra mere

error
gyis non pa = abhibhta {C}possessed
non pai rang
bzhin can du gyur zhing

gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}adhykrnta {C}
{PH}lord of
wealth
410
nor bu {LCh,C,MSA,L}mai jewel

nor bu chu shel water crystal jewel
nor bu me shes fire crystal jewel
nor bu rin chen {C}mai-ratna; {C}
reviled for it]
gnam gru airplane

gnam grui babs thang
ratana precious jewel {C}jewel; gem; treasure

of the wishing jewel
bab babs bab babs airport
nor bu rin po che {C}mai-ratna
precious jewel {C}gem; treasure of the wishing

jewel
nor med pa {MSA}adhana poor

nor bzang {BCA} sudhana {PH}Sudhana
nor yongs su gtang
bar dod la gtang gtong
btang thongs {C}artha-dtukmo artha
parityaktukma wishing to completely give
wealth {C}liberal and generous
nos obtain; receive {ri sbug sprul sku blo
gsal bstan skyongs rdo rje dbying gi dbang kyi

brgyud debs mon lam dang bcas pa bdud rtsis
sprin mdzes} ck
n.ya gro dha fig tree; Nyagrodha

n.ya gro dha ltar {C}n-yagrodhavan
{C} like the fig-tree
n.ya gro dha ltar chu zheng
gab pa {C}n-yagrodha-parimaalat {C} the

circumference of his figure is like that of the fig tree
n.ya gro dha {C}n-yagrodhavan
{PH}
Nyagrodha [name of a vihra in Kapilavastu; also of
one in Rajagha]
gnag rdzi {C}go-pla {C}cowherd

gnang {C}anujta give; grant; make
before; early; earlier
gna ba burrhel sheep

gnas {MV}sthna; {MSA}vyavastha; {C,MV}
pratisth; {MV}sth; {MSA}stht; {MV}sthnya;

{C}satihate; {C,MSA}sthita {C}(=vyavasthita);
{C,MV,L}sthiti; {C}avatihate; {C}tihantu;
{C,MSA,MV}pratihita {C}(=sthita); {C}sthihate
(=tihati); {C,MV}sthna; {MV abide; dwell;
source; state; situation; remain; last; stay; place;
abode; topic; object; retention {PH}critical
point; topic; place; location; abode; sphere; category
{C}abide in the world; home; at home; supported;
settled; established; becomes; stands; takes place;
occurs; comes about; realm; stately house; world
(e.g.: sva-bhavana; his respective world); residence;
male organ; place of rest; room; track; an entity
the three categories of objects
of comprehension {Gn}
gnas skabs {C,MSA}avasth; {C}
adhikra; {C}mtra state; level; status; period;

temporary; condition; opportunity; temporary
state; context; situation {PH}temporary;
temporary state; occasion; opportunity; context;
situation; condition {C}mere(ly); time of;
stability; dam; topic; heading
{C}sanction; ordained
gnang ba {MSA}anujna give; grant;

Whether one is definite in the Mahyna
make
shin tu che {PH}most; exceptional

gnam {C}nabha; {C}khagola sky {C}
lineage from the very beginning or is temporarily

definite in the Hnayna lineage, ... {PGP}
gnas skabs kyi byang chub
space
gnam gyi skar ma
{PH}[p.n. of
a brahmin who had faith in the buddha and was
gnam du {C}rdha {C}upwards

gnam po laughable (?); honest (?)
gnam bzhin {C}nabha {C}space; sky
gna nas {MSA}prva previously;
temporary enlightenment
411
gnas skabs kyi sel byed
functioning
temporary clearer away
gnas skabs gzhan du
mi gyur ba gyur gyurd gyur

gyurd [its] state does not change into something
else
gnas bskal aeon of abiding

gnas khang [dwell-house]; dwelling;
place where one is staying
gnas khrod {C}vana-prastha
gnas dang gnas ma
yin pa {MV}sthnsthna appropriate and

inappropriate
gnas
dang gnas ma yin pa bstan pa shes par bya ba {C}

sthna-asthna-nirdea-jna one should cognize
the teaching of what abides and what does not
abide {C}exposition of what can be and what
cannot be
gnas dang yul gyi phyag
{C}
woods; forest jungle
rgya {PH}mudras of the places and countries
gnas gyur {PH}transformation

gnas gyur pa {C}raya-parvtti
transform {C}turn back; reverse; overturn; basis
gnas rgyal po rja-gha Rjagiha

gnas rgyal poi khab tu in the
gnas dang lus dang
longs spyod spyad spyod spyad

spyod {MV}pratihdeha-bhoga abode, body,
and resources
gnas nas {C}sthitv; {C}viharati having

abided; having dwelt; having remained {C}
when he has established; dwell
area of Rjagiha{BJ 29.6}
gnas ngan {L}dauhulya bad state

gnas rnams tha dad {MSA}
bhinnra different abodes
gnas ngan len {MSA,MV}dauhulya
assumption of bad states
gnas pa {C,MV,MSA}sthna {C}
(=vyavasthna); {C}pratisth; {C}avasthita;
gnas ngan len gyi ching ba
{C}avatiate; {C}tihati; {C}pratyupatihati;
{L}dauhulya-bandhana assumption of bad
states
{C}-stha; {MV}stha; {C}pratihate; {C,MSA}

pratihna; {C}sasthiti; {C,MSA}sthita;
{C,MSA,MV}sthiti; {C}sthnat (=vyavasthna);
{MSA}pratyp abide; dwell; source; state;
situation; remain; last; stay; place; abode; topic;
object; retention {C}stands still; take ones
stand; establish; abide in; established; engaged
in; abiding; to hang on to; settling place; stands;
abides; stand up; firmly grounded in; have set out;
firm grounding; firm foundation; to be supported;
support; establishing on
kun brtags pai mtshan nyid kyi gnas
foundations of imputational characters
gnas
ngan len gyi rten thams cad jig par byed pa {L}
sarva-dauhulyraya-vinaana destroy all the
bases of assumptions of bad states
gnas cha factor of stability

gnas chen po {L}mah-vihra great
place; great abode
gnas brtan pa {LCh}sthavira

Sthavira
gnas pa cha mthun sthitibhgya
concordant with abiding
gnas dang bcas pai dbang po gzugs can nye bar

len impeller of physical sense powers that are
412
gnas pa dang mthun
gnas paang med {C}sthitasya-
par zhugs zhing zhug jug

zhugs zhugs {C}smc-pratipanna engage
in accordance with the basis {C}he makes
progress in conformity [with the Dharma]
anyathtva {C}alteration of what is established
gnas pa dang sa {MSA}vihra-bhmi

abode and ground
gnas pa dus mnyam abiding at

the same
gnas pai rgyu {MSA}sthiti-kraa

cause of abiding
gnas pai thabs {MSA}sthity-upya

method of abiding
gnas pai byed rgyu {MV}sthitikraa creative cause of abiding
gnas pa na mi rung {MSA}

sthityoga not suitable as abiding
gnas pa ma yin pa {MV}asthna

not abide
gnas pa med {C}aniketa-cr not
gnas par gyur pao {C}savartate

abide; remain {C}(is) conducive to; lead to (a
rebirth)
gnas par gyur {C}avatihate; {C}

sthsyati; {MSA}sad-dharmnuvyati abide;
remain {C}stand still; take ones stand on; will
come to stand
abiding; not remain {C}wandering without a

home
gnas pa med pa {C}asthna; {C}
gnas par gyur ba {C}
avatiheran abide; remain {C}would situate

on
sthitasya-anyathtva not abiding; not remain

{C}taking his stand nowhere; not taking ones
stand; no standing place; a non-standing; what
cannot be; alteration of what is established
gnas par bya {C}sthpayati abide;
remain {C}to place (in); discard; to store; affix;

to fix; deposits; to put up
gnas pa med pai tshul du
{C}asthna-yogena in the mode of non-abiding

{C}without a place to stand on; by way of not
taking his stand (on it/anywhere)
gnas par bya ba {C}sthtavya; {C}
abiding; not remaining {C}without making a

stand
gnas par byed {C}prativasati; {C}
gnas pa med par {C}anahita not

gnas pa med par spyod pa

aniketa-cr non-abiding practice; non-abiding
performance {C}wandering without a home
niketa karoti put; place {C}opposes; makes

his home
gnas pas {C}sthitv
{C}when he has
established
gnas byed {C}viharati; {C}nivasati
gnas pa yang dag par
abide; remain {C}dwell; resides
blangs te {C}samdya vartate completely

adopting the basis {C}behave in conformity
with; have done (deeds)
gnas bral {C}vih free from abiding

{C}absence of a discontinuous existent
gnas pa las gzhan du
gnas ma mchis pa {C}apada; {C}
gyur ba {C}sthity-anyathtva becoming other

than the basis {C}alteration of what has been
established
vartitavya (=sthtavyam); {C}vasati; {MV}sthna;

{C}pratibdhate abide; remain {C}should
stand; should stay; to dwell; opposes
asthna non-abiding; not remain {C}trackless;

without a trace; groundless; taking his stand
413
nowhere; not taking ones stand; no standing place;
a non-standing; what cannot be
pacauddhvsakyika Five Pure Places
gnas rtsa
gnas ma bu pa {N}vatsputrya
{PH}the stable nerve centers
(nadi)
Vatsputrya [name of a Buddhist school]
gnas ma yin pa {MV}asthna non- gnas tshul [abide-way]; mode of

abiding; not remaining
gnas ma legs pa {C}agatika
{C}
not gone; without resort; no access; do not go away
gnas mai bu pa {LCh}vtsputrya

Vtsputrya [name of a Buddhist school]
gnas mal {C}ayana-sana
gnas min gnas {A4C} asthna
Does not medicine that is

unsuitably applied become poison? {A4C} 8.18cd
gnas med {L}asthito; {C}asthnam; {C}
asthna; {C}asthnam; {C}anlaya; {C}aniketacr non-abiding; not remain; not subsisting

{C}not established; not standing; it is impossible;
not a settling place; nothing to settle in; taking
his stand nowhere; not taking ones stand; no
standing place; a non-standing; what cannot be; it is
impossible; (wandering) without a home
gnas med mkha rgyu {C}apulam

{C}without a support (?)
gnas med dngos po
gnas tshod measure of subsistence

gnas gzhan gyur pa
mthar thug pa {MSA}nihraya-parvtti final

changing of the basis
{C}
dwelling place; lodging

{PH}unsuitable
subsistence; way of subsistence; way of being;

mode of existence; way of things; state of things;
mode of abiding
gnas gzhan du gyur pa {MSA}

raya-parvtti; {MSA}parvttraya change
the basis
gnas yang lag {MV}rayga

limb of abiding; limb of subsistence
gnas yangs ba can du in the

area of Vaiali{BJ 30.4}
gnas yul
{PH}[twenty-four] places and

[thirty-two] countries
gnas yul dur khrod
{PH}
[twenty-four] places; [thirty-two] countries; and
[eight] charnal grounds
gnas yul drug cu rtsa bzhi

{PH}sixty-four sacred places and countries
gnas yul dpa bo mkha
{PH}a thing
lacking duration
gnas med pa {N}anlaya baseless{N}

places and countries
gnas med par spyod pa
gnas yongs su gyur pa {MSA}
gro {PH}the dakas and dakinis of the sacred
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}aniketacr baseless practice {C}wandering without a

home
raya-parvtti; {MSA}raya-parivartana;
{MSA}raya-parivtti; {MSA}parvttraya
change the basis
gnas dmigs su med gnas yongs su gyur

pa la brtson pa dmigs
dmigs dmigs dmigs {C}anilambha-niketa-nirata
{C}pleased with being unsupported by a home
gnas gtsang lnga
pai mtshan nyid {MSA}raya-parvtti-lakaa

the character of changing the basis
gnas yongs su
gyur bai rgyu yin pa
414
gyur
gyurd gyur gyurd {MSA}raya-parivtti-hetutva
being a cause of transforming the basis
gnas rab tu dbye ba {MV}asthprabheda differentiate the basis
gnas rigs abiding lineage

gnas la dga {C}laya-rato delight
in an abode
gnas la brten pa med pa {C}

aniketa-sthita not depending upon an abode
{C}utterly homeless
gnas la brten par {C}niketa in
gnas su {C}niraya as a basis; as an

baseless
{GD:486} abiding
gnas lugs [abide-system]; mode of
subsistence; mode of abiding{N}; way of being;

mode of existence; way things are; state of things
gnas lugs mthar thug
final mode of subsistence {PH}final mode of

subsistence gnas
lugs kyi don ma rtogs par without realizing the
meaning, that is to say the mode of subsistence [of
objects] {PGP 107}
gnong ashamed
gnod {MSA}akra; {MSA}upaghta; {MSA}
upatpin; {MSA}upadrava; {MSA}upa h (or

apa k?); {MSA}vighta; {MSA}vyasana; {MSA}
sabdha verb: to harm; injure7 noun: harm;
injury; damage; vessel{BJ 63.7} {PH}yaka;
harmful spirits
Harmful spirits [refers to] harmful gods, ngas, etc.
{AGP-T}
gnod joms
yum gsum gnod joms/
gnas lugs nad gzhi actual

situation [of the body] which is the basis
of disease (the first of the three roots of the
Illustrated Trees of Medicine)
Divisions: dbye
ba/ 1 rnam par ma gyur pa/ 2 rnam par gyur pa/
Div.: 1) the trunk of the healthy body abiding in a
normal, balanced state, 2) the trunk of the unhealthy
body, or diseased body, abiding in an unbalanced
state
gnas lugs rtsa ba definition
of the body (the first of the three roots of the

Illustrated Trees of Medicine)
phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa bum

pa dang nyi khri lnga stong pa dang khri brgyad
stong pai rgya cher bshad pa/ Conquest Over
Objections; Damasenas [Commentary on]
the Three Mothers, Conquest Over Objections
/ Extensive Explanation of the Superior One
Hundred Thousand Stanza, Twenty-Five
Thousand Stanza, and Eighteen Thousand
Stanza Perfection of Wisdom Stras (
gnod du mi rung ba not suitable to

be vessels{BJ 63.7}
dbye
{C}-stha abiding; remaining; subsisting {C}

supported; in dependence; leans on; based on;
inhabiting; dwell on in mind; settle; one who stands
firm; stand on
gnas su ma yin pa {C}asthna
in the location
Divisions:
gnas logs pa {PH}separate place

gnas shing {C}nirita; {C}satihati;
abode {C}support; refuge; who resides
dependence upon a basis; depending upon an

abode {C}home; at home
gnas la yod pa
ba/ 1 rnam par ma gyur pa/ 2 rnam par gyur pa/

Div.: 1) [the trunk of the healthy body abiding
in a normal] balanced state, 2) [the trunk of the
unhealthy body, or diseased body, abiding in an]
unbalanced state
415
gnod gnas {LCh} jambhala

Jambhala
{PH}
gnod pa {N}upakra; {N}bdhana; {C}
vypada; {MSA,N}upaghta; {MSA}upatpin;

{MSA}upa h (or apa k?); {MSA}vighta;
{MSA}vyasana; {MSA}sabdha; {C,MSA}
apakra; {C,MSA}upadrava; {C}upakrama; {C}
anartha; {C}anupakra; {C}vybdha; {C}ghta;
bdh harmer; damage, harm {PH}harm;
harmful [effects]; damage {C}feel ill-will; exert
withdrawal; removal; doing harm; distress; trouble;
attack; non-meaning; harmful; misfortune; evil; non
benefit; disturbing the peace of; is sacked; sacking;
{GD:779} refuting
Someone one who makes use
of medicinal treatments and life-extending elixirs

for a certain time, reverses the suffering associated
with the harmful [effects] of illness and old age.
{A4C-C}
gnod pa can undermining

gnod pa can gyi rtags
(=vidveayitum) harm; injure; damage
gnod par byed pa {MSA}apakra;
{MSA}apardha; {MSA}upaghta; {MSA}vybdha

harmer; harm; injure; damage {PH}harmer;
those who do harm
Ghpaya ghpaya [means]
compel [your] retinue to seize [them] as well.
{PU}
gnod par mi byed do {MV}
upaghta ... na karoti not harm; not injure; not

damage
gnod par sems {C}vypadyate
upakrama-kta cause harm; injure; damage
gnod bya object harmed

gnod byed {MSA,GD}bdhaka; {MSA}
{PH}
gnod pa byed {MSA}vighta-kt
vyatikrama harmer; damage{BJ 32.7};

refutation {GD:789} refuter
thal bai gnod byed bstan nas having shown
the damage which follows{DASI}
dngos la gnod byed refutation of the explicit
teaching
harmer; harm; cause harm
gnod pa byed pa {MSA}apakrin

harmer
gnod pa byed pa bzod pa
upaghta-maraa forbearance with respect to

harmers
gnod pa byed pai du shes

{MSA}apakri-saj harmful conception
blta lta bltas ltos {MSA}anupaghta-di nonharmful view
gnod byed brjod pa rnams
brjod rjod brjod rjod damages

expressed{N}
gnod byed bzod pa
bzod bzod bzod bzod {MSA}apakramaraa forbearance with respect to harmers
gnod byed la ci
gnod pa med pa unimpaired

gnod pa zhi ba {MSA}vyasana-nti
mi snyam pai bzod pa bzod

bzod bzod bzod patience/forbearance/tolerance/
endurance that does not care about or think
about harmers [i.e., one does not engage in any
pacify harmers
gnod par bya ba vypdati
gnod pas byas pa {MSA}
mahyaka
gnod pa med lta
jugupsayati{?} harm; injure; damage {C}

abhor
(=prahra-niyamant) harmful mind {C}exert

oneself
undermining sign
gnod pa chen po mahyaka
gnod par gyur {C}jugupsate; {C}
416
mnan
thought about them]
mnan/
gnon/ mnand/ gnond/ {MSA}zil gyis mnan =
abhibhya; {MSA}zil mnan = abhi bh to press
down; to subdue; to cover {PH}pressure
gnod sbyin {C,L}yaka demons in
the earth, air, or lower heavens {PH}yaka;

possessing demon
gnod sbyin gangs bzang
mna {C}kaa (=ka) {C}stalk

mna yis {C}kaa (=ka) {C}stalk
mnar ba mnar
{PH}[a type of yaka]
gnod sbyin mo
{PH}yaki; female
possessing demon
gnod mi byed {MV}avighta
mnar mnard mnard {C}paribhta; {C}paribhtat

suffer; harm; torture; torment {C}humbled;
humiliation
harmless; not harmed
gnod med harmless; not harmed{BJ

10.8}; healthy; unharmed
gnod sems {MSA}vyasana-citta; {MSA}

vypda harmful intent; harmfulness
gnod sems kyi du shes {C}

vypda-saj conception of harmful intent
{C}perception of ill-will
mnar med
mnar mnar mnard mnard {LCh,C}avci Most

Tortuous; Most Torturous (Hell) {PH}Avci
[Hell]
mnar med pa
{PH}
mnar mnar mnard mnard {MSA}avci Most

Tortuous Hell; denizen of the Most Tortuous Hell
{PH}Avci [Hell]
gnod sems med pa {C}avypda

without harmful intent {C}free from ill-will
mnan/
gnon/ mnand/ gnond/ {MSA}zil gyis gnon pa =

abhibhava, abhibhti; {MSA}pha rol gnon pa =
parkrama to press down; to subdue; to cover
gdags gzhii
go sa gnon pai tshul du yod pa existence in the
manner of covering its basis of designation
mnar med dmyal ba
{PH}Avci
Hell
mnod pa
mno/
mnod/ mnos/ mnod/ to cause to receive
mnos
mno/ mnod/
mnos/ mnod/ to cause to receive
gnon par gyur ba {C}kramati
to press down; to subdue; to cover {C}step on;

moves into; assail; enter on
gnon par bya ba {C}pratibdhate to

press down; to subdue; to cover {C}opposes
{PH}funeral ritual [for
suppressing zombies]
suffer; harm; torture; torment {C}humbled
Avci Hell
sems bskyed par byed bskyed

skyed bskyed skyed {C}ghtayati produce a
mind of harmful intent {C}cherish malice for;
feel anger
gnon gshin
mnar mnar mnard mnard {C}paribhta
mnar med kyi dmyal ba
gnod sems kyi
gnon pa
mnar bar gyur
417
rna rotra; rota ear

rna brjod pa brjod rjod
brjod rjod {C}savarayati {C}recommend
rna stag get from Lag Len/ rDor grel

rna nag ma {PH}goddess of misfortune
It is like
[the story of] the goddess of good fortune and the
goddess of misfortune. {A4C-C}
rna ba {C,MSA,N}rotra ear

rna ba rkang lag sna gcod
gang gang gang gang pya-pra filled with

pus
rnam {L,C,TN}kra; {C}prakra; {C}dh (1)
{C}kara-carakara-nsa-ccheda {C}
amputation of ears, hands, feet, and nose
[=rnam pa]: aspect; type; kind; (2) intensifier

[sanskrit vi-] {PH}kind; type; aspect; form
{C}specific constitution; variety; way
rna ba ma phug pa aviddhakara
rnam kun all aspects

/ /
rnam kun mkhyen nyid / rnam kun mkhyen
{PH}Aviddhakara (p.n.; Nyya/Carvka author)
rna bam gsal ba {C}lalla
{C}
quivering
rna bai rnam par shes pa
pa / rnam kun mkhyen pa nyid exalted-knowerof-all-aspects
rotra-vijna ear-consciousness7; ear

consciousness

rnam kun mngon par rdzogs par rtogs pa;
rna bai rnam shes rotravijna

ear consciousness
rnam rdzogs sbyor ba sarvkrbhisabodha

complete training in all the aspects; complete
realization of all the aspects
rna bai dbang pa rotrendriya ear

mtshan nyid/ rang bras rna

sense power
Definitions:
rnam kun mngon rdzogs

rtogs pa rtogs rtogs rtogs
rtogs {C}sarvkrbhisambodha {C}full
understanding of all modes/aspects
shes kyi thun mong ma yin pai bdag rkyen byed pai
cha nas bzhag pai nang gi gzugs can dwangs ba/
rnam kun shin tu ba utmost from
Definition: clear inner form qualified by acting as

the uncommon empowering condition of its owneffect, an ear consciousness
all aspects
rna bai dbang po rotrendriya ear
rnam dkar wholesome; very white
sense; ear sense power
{PH}wholesome; wholesome [things]
rna shes rotra-vijna; rotra-jna
rnam mkhyen exalted-knower-of-all-
ear-consciousness; ear consciousness
aspects
Definitions:

mtshan nyid/ rang gi thun mong ma yin pai bdag rkyen
rna bai dbang po dang dmigs sgra la brten nas skye bai
rig pa/ Definition: an awareness which arises in

conditions, an observed sound and ear sense-power
of an ear-consciousness
po {PH}first moment of an exalted knower of all

aspects
rnam mkhyen gyi gzhal bya
sarvkra-jna-prameya; sarvkr-jnaprameya object of cognition by an omniscient

consciousness; object of comprehension of an
omniscient consciousness
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rnam
mkhyen gyis rtogs par bya ba/ Definition: object of
comprehension by an omniscient consciousness
rna shes kyi nyan bya heard object
rnag pya pus

rnag gi klung pya-nad pus-river
rnag gis gang ba
rnam mkhyen skad cig dang
rnam mkhyen gyis rtogs

par bya ba
418
rtogs rtogs rtogs
rtogs object of comprehension by an omniscient
consciousness
rnam mkhyen sbyor ba
sarvkrajatprayoga training in an exaltedknower-of-all-aspects
paryya {C}by various methods
rnam grangs du mas {C}anekaparyya {C}by various methods
rnam grangs pai {N}paryya
rnam mkhyen sbyor
metaphoric{N}
bai ngo bo nyid bdun seven essentials of a

training in an exalted-knower-of-all-aspects
rnam grangs pai
kun brtags
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs enumerated
imputations
essential of observing bases and paths (gzhi lam la

dmigs pa'i ngo bo nyid), essential of nonagreement
with everything worldly ('jig rten thams cad
dang mi mthun pa'i ngo bo nyid), essential
of unimpededness (thogs ma med pa'i ngo bo
nyid), essential of the nonexistence of a basis [of
mistake] (gzhi med pa'i ngo bo nyid), essential of
nongoing ('gro ba med pa'i ngo bo nyid), essential
of nonproduction (skye ba med pa'i ngo bo nyid),
essential of nonobservation of suchness [as
ultimately existent] (de bzhin nyid mi dmigs pa'i
ngo bo nyid)
rnam grangs ma yin pa {N}

aparyya non-metaphoric{N}
rnam grol
grol
grold grol grold {LCh}vimukti; {C}vimukta; {L}
vimuc- release {C}freed (from); emancipated;
free
rnam grol lam
rnam mkhyen sbyor bai
lam shes knower of paths that is a training in an

exalted-knower-of-all-aspects
rnam
mkhyen; rnam pa thams cad mkhyen pa nyid

sarvkra-jna; sarvkrajat knower of all
aspects; exalted knower of all aspects; omniscient
consciousness; omniscience
rnam grangs {C,L,MSA,MV}paryya; {C}

paryyea enumeration; format; framework;
synonym {C}specification; demonstration;
method; manner; revolution; in turn (e.g.: {C}syt
paryyo yena paryyea, would it be feasible to
say that...?; it is quite possible that; syt paryyo
yad, would there be a reason to assume that...?; it is
possible that)
rnam grangs du ma many forms;

many synonyms; many formats
grol grold grol grold vimukti-mrga path of

release mthong lam rnam
grol lam path of release of the path of seeing{PGP
69}
rnam grol lam skor dgu
{PH}
nine cycles of paths of release
rnam gyur
gyur
rnam grel
bkral
gyurd gyur gyurd {LCh}vikra manifestation

bde stong gi rnam gyur
manifestation of bliss and emptiness{TGP}
grel bkrald greld [Dharmakrtis] Commentary

on (Digngas) Compilation of Valid/Prime
Cognition [tshad ma rnam grel gyi tshig
leur byas pa, prama-vrttikakrik; P5709,
vol. 130], commentary [in general] {PH}
commentary
rnam grel thar lam
gsal byed [Gyel-tsaps] Illumination of the Path

to Liberation / Explanation of (Dharmakrtis)
Commentary on (Digngas) Compilation of
Prime Cognition: Unerring Illumination of the
rnam grangs du mai sgo nas

from many points of view
rnam grangs du mar {C}aneka-
419
Path to Liberation [thar lam gsal byed / tshad
ma rnam grel gyi tshig
rnam chad pa
of commentary
rnam joms pa
chad
chad chad chad {C}vicchina cut off {C}
removed
rnam grel brtsams composition
rnam rgyal [very-conqueror]; complete
gzhom joms bcom choms {C}vighta harm;

injure; damage {C}oppose
victory; conqueror
rnam brgyad eight aspects

rnam nges prama-vinicaya
rnam gnyis su jug pa related

in two ways
rnam rtog
Dharmakrtis Ascertainment of Valid Cognition

(P. 5701, vol. 130)
rnam can having the aspect{LG}
rnam rtog yong su spang ba

thoroughly abandoning thoughts
{GD:142}
preclusion
rnam rtog; rtog pa conceptual
rnam
consciousness
gcos yong gcod; rnam bcad yongs gcod an

exclusionary elimination and an inclusionary
elimination
rnam rtog; rtog pa vikalpa/kalpan

conceptuality
rnam bcad {N}viccheda; {N}apkta
rnam brtags
imputed
rnam bcad yongs gcod kyi sgo nas mi mthun par

gnas pa no common abiding from the point of
view of being eliminator and eliminated
rnam bcad yongs gcod gang
zhig gnyis dang gnyis ma yin gyi phung gsum sel

ba (1) [the two are] eliminator and eliminated;
and (2) [their being] two or not two or some third
possibilty is eliminated
{PH}aspectually
mediated
When a consciousness comprehends an object, it
realizes [it] in an aspectually mediated [manner].
brtags dang phyi ma ni rnam btags yin pai phyir/

gnyis snang snga ma ni kun brtags dang phyi ma
ni rnam btags yin pai phyir/ Because the former
dualistic appearance [that is, the appearance as
object of verbalization and means of verbalization]
is the imputational factor and the latter [that
is, the appearance as apprehended-object and
apprehending-subject] is the imputed.Becau
rnam thar vimoka liberation

rnam thar sgo {C}vimoka-dvra door
of liberation
{Gn}
rnam bcu {MSA}daa-vidha ten aspects
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs the
gnyis snang snga ma ni kun
[mere] elimination; elimination{N}
rnam bcas skra
rnam par rtog
pa {LCh,MV,MSA}vitarka; vikalpa; kalpan

conception; conceptualization; conceptuality;
coarse conceptuality; discursiveness; thought;
conceptual thought; conceptual consciousnesses
thog mar bden pai rnam can

having the aspect of the [sixteen noble] truths
initially{LG}
rnam gcod vyavaccheda
rnam thar pa vimoka liberation

rnam dag {MSA,MV}viuddha; {MSA,MV}
viuddhi; viuddhaka; {MV}uddhi very pure;
420
complete {C}pure
rnam dag gi dmigs pai

gtso bo dmigs dmigs
dmigs dmigs main object of observation

rnam dag gi
rnam bden pa satykravdin True

Aspectarian; True Aspectarian School
dmigs pai gtso bo main object of observation of

purification
rnam dag gyur {C}udhyate become
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms viuddhi-
bhvan-mrga [Great Vehicle] path of complete

purity; very pure path of meditation
rnam dag pa {C}viuddha very pure;
{PH}fifth Guide
[Maitreya]
rnam dren stong rtsa
{PH}one
rnam dren bzhi pa
{PH}fourth
guide [kyamuni]
rnam gnon ngang tshul

vikramala {PH}Vikramala
rnam gnon nyi ma vikramditya

{PH}[King] Vikramditya
complete {C}purified; pure
rnam gnon tshul {PH}Vikramala

rnam snang snang snang
rnam dag lam
gyi dmigs pa mthar thug

dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs final object of
observation by a path of purification
snang snang {LCh,LR}vairocana Vairocana

[p.n. of a Buddha]
rnam dag lam gyi dmigs pa mthar thug tu
rnam snang gi sgo
{PH}door of
Vairocana
gyur pai de bzhin nyid thusness that is a final

object of observation of a path of purification
rnam pa {LCh,MV,MSA}kra; {C,MV}

rnam dag lam gyi dmigs pa/rnam dag lam
gyi dmigs yul object of observation by a path of

purification

rnam dag lam gyi dmigs pa; rnam dag lam
gyi dmigs yul dmigs
dmigs dmigs dmigs object of observation by a
path of purification
rnam dag lam gyi dmigs

rnam dren lnga pa

thousand guides [buddhas]
very pure {C}be cleansed
dmigs dmigs
sapta-dh seven types; seven aspects

Sevenfold Reasoning

rnam dag gi dmigs pai gtso bo/rnam dag
yul
rnam bdun {MSA}sapta-vidha; {MV}

rnam bdun gyi rigs pa
dmigs pai gtso bo; rnam dag dmigs pai gtso bo

main object of observation of purification
rnam dag sgom lam
dmigs dmigs object of observation by a path of

purification
421
prakra; {C}krat; {C}kti; bheda (=dharmabheda); {MSA}gati; {MSA}vidhi; {MV}kraa

(?) aspect; subjective aspect; representation;
kind; type; form {C}specific constitution;
variety; way; way; various; distinction; difference;
dissention; break(ing up); differentiation; divided;
division; the one ... the others
rnam pa kun all aspects; all ways

rnam pa kun mkhyen pa nyid

mkhyend {C}sarvkra-jat (=sarva-jat)
exalted knowledge of all aspects
rnam pa kun tu {C}sarvath; {C}sarvaabhisrea all aspects {C}at all times; from all
sides
rnam pa gang yin {C}yaj-jatyo
nn-prakra different types; different aspects
rnam pa thams cad {MSA,MV}
aspects
rnam pa dgod pa
sarvkra; {C,MV,MSA}sarvath; {MV}sarvaprakra all aspects; all types; all kinds {C}at
all times
dgod god bkod god {C}vyavasthna set/
place [on throne]/put [a signature]; array; affix
{C}respective determination; distribution; abiding;
definite distinction; distinctive definition
{C}of
aspect [i.e.; Buddhist monk]

aspects
bsgyur sgyur bsgyurd sgyurd {C}

eka-kra-vyha change/transform into one
aspect {C}one single aspect
rnam pa gcig tu ston
ekadhera indicated as one aspect {C}one

single flow
rnam pa thams cad rtogs

{C}sarva-kra-avabodha realize all aspects;
understand all aspects. {C}full understanding in
all their modes
aspects
rnam pa bcu gnyis su {C}

dvdaa-kra {C}with its twelve aspects
rnam pa thams cad dag bzhi
{C}of ten
kinds
four purities in all aspects
rnam pa thams cad du {C}sarva-
chad chad chad chad {C}vicchinna cut off;

annihilated {C}removed
rnam pa gnyis {C}dvaividhya; {MV}

mkhyen pa nyid mkhyen

mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend {C}sarva-kra-jat
(=sarvajat) knowledge of all aspects; exalted
knower of all aspects; omniscient consciousness
{C}knowledge of all modes/aspects
thams cad mkhyen pa nyid; rnam mkhyen exalted
knower of all aspects
rnam pa bcu {MV}daavidha ten
rnam pa chad pa
rnam pa thams cad
rnam pa
rnam pa bcus {C}daadh
mkhyen nyid lam mkhyen

mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend {C}sarvkrajatmrga path of an exalted-knower-of-all-aspects;
path of an exalted knower of all aspects
mkhyen pa mkhyen
mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend sarvkra-jna;
sarvkrajat exalted knower of all aspects;
omniscient consciousness; omniscience
{PH}saffron
rnam pa gcig tu sgyur pa
rnam pa thams cad

rnam pa thams cad
eight kinds
rnam pa lnga {MV}pacavidha five
{GD:562} [external
rnam pa tha dad pa dag {C}
rnam pa dgu {MV}navavidha nine
rnam pa ngur smrig
rnam pa gtod pa
objects] casting their aspect
whatever aspect {C}its class as it is
rnam pa brgyad {C}aavidha
dvidh; {MV}dvividha; {MV}dvedh of two kinds
kra; {C}sarva-kram; {MSA}sarvath in all

ways; in every way; in all aspects {C}in all their
modes
422
rnam pa thams cad du
manifold; various
rnam pa sna tshogs can {MSA}
rtogs pa rtogs rtogs rtogs

rtogs {MSA}sarvkra-bodha; {MSA}don thams
cad rnam pa thams cad du rtogs pa = sarvkrasarvrtha-bodha understand all aspects; realize
all aspects
citrkra having various aspects; having

various kinds
rnam pa thams cad mtshan

nyid {MSA}sarvkra-lakaa character of all
aspects
rnam pa thams cad

yongs su rdzogs pa rdzogs
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {C}sarvkra-paripura
perfect in all aspects; complete in every respect
how many kinds?
rnam pa dang bcas par smra

ba skravda {GD:135} perception mediated
by aspects
rnam pa dang mthun pa
rnam pa ma dag pa yang

ma yin {MSA}na ca na viudhyati (vi udh)
neither pure nor impure
rnam pa mang po {C}bahu-prakram;

rnam pa med pa {C}aprakra;
{MV,MSA}ankratva no aspects; aspectless

{C}modeless
rnam pa med par smra ba
nirkravda {GD:135} no mediation of

perception;{GD:585} Proponents of No-Aspect
school [another name for the False Aspectarian
school (rnam rdzun ba)]
*krabhgya similar in aspect
{C}of how
rnam pa tsam {C}prakra mere aspect;
many kinds?
rnam pa du ma {C}vividha; {C}aneka;
mere kind {C}specific constitution; variety;

kind; way
{MSA}naika in many forms {C}manifold;

various (aspects)
rnam pa bzhi {MSA}catur-vidha four
rnam pa drug {MSA}a-vidha six
aspects; four kinds
rnam pa bzhi pa sgom pa
kinds; six aspects
rnam pa drug tu {C}a-vikram in

{MSA}catur-kra-bhvana cultivate/meditate
on four aspects
six ways
rnam pa bdun {MV}saptavidha seven

types; seven aspects
rnam pa bden par smra ba
rnam pa yongs su dag pa {C}

kra-viuddhi completely pure aspect
True Aspectarian Proponents; True Aspectarian

School
rnam pa sna tshogs {C,MSA}nn-
prakra; {L}nnvidha; {C}vividha; {MSA}vicitra;

{MSA}vaicitrya various kinds; various forms;
various aspects {C}different species/kinds;
tshogs su nye bar gnas pa {MSA}vicitrkrapratyupasthnatva abiding in various aspects
{MV}bahu-vidha many aspects; many forms;

many kinds {PH}many aspects {C}in many
ways
rnam pa dag gis {L}katividha of
rnam pa du {C}katividha
rnam pa sna
423
rnam pa rang
bzhin med pai don nges pai blo an awareness
which has the subject aspect of ascertaining the
meaning of non-inherent existence
rnam pa rig pa tsam vijaptimtra

cognition-only
rnam pa gsum {MV}tridh; {C,MV}
{C}vijata know; exalted knower {C}be aware

of; cognized; known; discerned
trividha {C}of three kinds
rnam pa gsum cu
rnam par khrug disturbance

rnam par khrug cing
rtsa bdun bsgom pa bsgom

sgom bsgoms sgoms {MSA}sapta-triad-krabhvana cultivate/meditate on the thirty-seven
aspects

ikiyate (=vieyate = vikipyate = vikupyate)
be disturbed; angry; fight {C}undisturbed
rnam pai mchog
rnam par khrug par
thams cad dang ldan pa {C}sarvkra-varopeta

having all the best aspects
gyur zhing khrug

khrug khrugs khrugs {C}kubhyati become
disturbed; become angry; fight
rnam pai dbye ba {MSA}kra-
bheda; {MSA}prakra-bheda division of aspects
rnam pai rab tu dbye ba
rnam par khrug med
rnam par as the aspect

rnam par dkar ba
rnam par khrugs pa
{MSA}prakra-prabheda; {MSA}prakra-bheda
division of aspects
akopanya without disturbance; not disturbed;

not angry {C}immovable; undisturbed
{PH}wholesome
[things]
vikopana be disturbed; be angry; fight {C}

disturbance
rnam par dkrugs par mi
rnam par gyur pa unbalanced state
bya ste {C}vikopayati disturb; agitate {C}do

harm; upset
rnam par bkur ba {C}vinetavya

respect; service should be not guided
rnam par bkod pa
dgod god bkod god {C}vyha (=samha)


array; affix {C}array; mass; (miraculous)
harmony
rnam par skye {C}viruhati arise; be

born; be produced {C}grows
rnam par skyo {C}parikhinna
renowned; famous {C}generally known (as);

named
rnam par khong
rnam par grol

grol grold grol grold {C}vimucyate released;
liberated
du chud pai dmigs pa {MV}pragamlambana

object of observation that is understood
rgyu/ 2 rkyen/ lhan cig bskyed pai rkyen/ 3 jug

go/ 4 gnas/ 5 lam/ rgyu bar byed pai lam/ 6 ldang
dus/ na so yul dus/ 7 bras bu/ 8 ldog rgyu/ ldog
pai rgyu/ 9 dril/ mdo don/ Branches: 1) Cause
Branch, 2) Condition Branch, 3) Entrance Branch,
4) Location Branch, 5) Pathways Branch, 6) Time
of Arising Branch, 7) Fatal Effect Branch, 8) Side
Effects Branch, 9) Condensation Branch
rnam par grags pa {C}vikhyta
(=parika) averse; aversion {C}exhausted
rnam par mkhyen pa
yan lag la dbye ba/ 1 rgyu/ skyed par byed pai
Divisions:
424
rnam par grol dra ba nyid
liberation
grol grold grol grold

{MSA}vimukti-smnya release; liberation
rnam par grol ba
rnam par grol bai ye
shes grol grold grol

grold {MSA}vimukti-jna exalted wisdom of
liberation
grol grold grol grold {C}nirmukta; {C}
vinirmukta (=vyatirikta); {C,MSA,MV}vimukti; {C}

vimucyate; {MSA}mocana; {MSA}vimukta; {MV}
vinirmukta; {C,MSA}vimoka; {MSA}vimocana
released; liberated; liberation {C}sundered
from; freed; outside; distinct; escaped; free from;
deliverance; free; emancipation; be freed from; set
free; freedom
rnam par grol ba mchog
grol grold grol grold {MSA}

vimukti ... paramat highest liberation
rnam par grol ba nyams pa

{MSA}vimukti-parihi abandon liberation
rnam par grol ba mtshungs
pa grol grold grol grold

{MSA}vimukti-tulyatva similarity with liberation
rnam par grol ba
yongs su tshol ba btsal

tshol/tshel btsal tshold {MSA}vimukti-paryei
thoroughly investigate/examine/research/seek
liberation
rnam par grol bai dga ba dang bde ba yang
dag par myong ba {MSA}vimukti-prti-sukhasavedana thoroughly experience the happiness

and bliss of liberation
rnam par grol
bai ye shes gzigs pa {C}vimukti-jna-darana

realize the exalted wisdom of liberation {C}
vision and cognition of emancipation
rnam par grol bar gyur

{MSA}(vi muc): vimucyate become liberated
rnam par grol bar
mnyam pa nyid grol grold

grol grold {MSA}vimukti-samat sameness of
liberation
rnam par grol bar bya
grol grold grol grold {C}
vimucyate be liberated; be freed {C}set free
rnam par grol bar bya ba

{MSA}vimocana object of liberation
rnam par grol bar byed
grol grold grol grold (vi muc):

{MSA,MV}vimocayati; {MV}vimocana liberate
rnam par grol bar byed pa

{MSA}vimukti; {MV}vimuc; {MV}vimocayati; {MV}
vimocana liberate
{MSA}vimukti-pravea enter into liberation
rnam par grol la sbyor ba
chen grol grold grol grold

{MSA}mahopyo vimocane the great method(s)
of liberation
rnam par dgod rnam
rnam par grol bai jug pa
rnam par grol bai thabs
rnam par grol bai mtshan

nyid grol grold grol
grold {MSA}vimukti-lakaa characteristic of
425
vimuktau niyojant connection to liberation;

exertion in liberation
par grel ba bkral grel

bkrald greld {C}vivoti comment upon a
statement {C}uncover; make clear; comment
upon
rnam par gyur ba
fabricated (by thought-construction)
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {MSA}viparima
rnam par nges {MSA}vinicaya; {MSA}
change; become; transform
rnam par gyur ba can
vinicita ascertain; ascertainment; definite
{PH}
activity
rnam par gyur ba can
gyi nga rgyal {Larson} taijasa; rajasa ahakra

{PH}activity-dominated I-principal
rnam par gyur ba
comment upon; elucidate; explain {C}uncover;

make clear
rnam par grel bar byed
{C}
rnam par bcad pa {N}viccheda; {N}

apkta elimination; mere elimination{N}
rnam par bcil ba abandon; give

up; subjugate
rnam par jig pa {C,MSA}
grol grold grol grold {C}vimocana
vibhvan; {MSA}vibhvana; {MSA}vibhvayat

destroy; disintegrate
liberated; freed {C}delivering; unfettered
rnam par jig par bgyid pa
rnam par rgyal ba {C,MSA}vijaya;
{C}vidhvasana-kara destroy; disintegrate

{C}shatterer
{C}vaijayanta {C}conquest; palace of akra
rnam par rgyu
rgyu rgyu
rgyu rgyu {C,MSA}(vi car): vicarati {C}pass
through; explain; wander about; wanders; behave;
undo; course apart from
rnam par jig par gyur {C}

vyavasdam padyate will be destroyed; will
disintegrate {C}is bound to incur a fall
rnam par jig par gyur ba
{C}
{C}vibhavati will be destroyed; will disintegrate

{C}cease to become
flow away
rnam par jig par byed {MV}
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {C}vibhvan
(vi bh): vibhvayati destroy; disintegrate
(=nih-mrga kaya-anutpda-jnam)
meditate; cultivate {C}annihilation; undone;
clear understanding; undevelopment
rnam par jig par
mi bgyid pa {C}avinika not destroy; not

disintegrate {C}which does not destroy anything
rnam par bsgrubs pa
rnam par jug pa {MSA} raksa
vihapita (=abhta-parikalpa-prabhavatvt)
achieve; attain; accomplish; establish {C}
rnam par sngos pa {C}vinlaka
vipraayati (=anyath-karaam) {C}forget;

[cause to be wasted?]
{C}vivarati comment upon; elucidate; explain

{C}uncover; make clear
rnam par sgom pa
{C}
rnam par chud gzang {C}
rnam par rgyug {C}vidhvati
rnam par rngos pa {C}vinlaka

a blueish (or discolored) corpse; dark blue
bkral grel bkrald greld {C}vivoti
rnam par grol ba
{C,MSA,MV}vinicaya; {MSA}vinicita ascertain;

ascertainment; definite {C}restrained;
controlled; settled; resolve
a blueish (or discolored) corpse; dark blue
med pai chos can gyur

gyurd gyur gyurd {C}aviparima-dharmaka
unchanging subject {C}not liable to reversal
rnam par grel ba
rnam par nges pa {C}viniyata;
{PH}Raksas
426
rnam par jog pa (vy-ava sth):
rnam par rtog pa

thams cad spangs spang
spong spangs spongs {C}sarva-vikalpapraha abandon all ideation; abandon
all conceptualization {C}has forsaken all
discriminations
{MV}vyavasthpayati; {MV}vyavasthpyante
posit; set; assign; designate; put
rnam par jog byed
chos gsum trivyavasthpakara-dharma three

properties of a positer
rnam par rtog pa dang
rnam par rjes su bltao {C}
bcas pa {C}savitarka having ideation; together

with conceptualization {C}with thoughts
adjusted; with discursive thoughts
payati {C}to see
rnam par nyams {C}vihna spoiled;
rnam
deficient; degenerate {C}failed in
rnam par nyams pa {C}
par rtog pa dang bcas pai gzugs brnyan

savikalpakapratibimba analytical image
vihanyamna spoiled; deficient; degenerate

{C}doomed to death
rnam par
rnam par bsnyad pa {L}vykhy
rtog pa dang bcas pai gzugs brnan savikalpapratibimba image that is connected with
ideation/conceptualization
emphasize; announce
rnam par gtan la dbab pa
rnam par
gtan la dbab/ bebs/ phab/ phob/ {MSA}vinicaya
ascertain; ascertainment
rnam par rtog pa
rnams kyi de bzhin nyid {MSA}vikalpn tathat

suchness of ideations/conceptualizations
rnam par btag tu med pa {C} rnam par rtog

pa rnams yang dag par zad pa {MSA}vikalpn
sakaya complete extinction of ideations/
conceptualizations
avikalpa not imputed; not designated {C}

undiscriminated; without discrimination
rnam par btags pai
rnam par rtog pa med cing
gzugs gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs imputed form
{C}avitarka non-ideation; non-conceptualization

{C}without thoughts adjusted
rnam par rtog {L}vikalpa; {MV}
pragama; {C,MV}(vi kp): vikalpayati ideation;

think; conceptualize; conceptual consciousness
{C}discriminate(s); imagines; think it over; thinks
to himself; make a false discrimination
rnam par rtog cing {C}kalpayati

think; conceptualize {C}construct; imagine
rnam par rtog pa (kp):
{C,MSA,TN,MV,L}vikalpa; {MV}kalpayati; {C}

vikalpayati; {C}vikalpanat (=kalpan) ideation;
think; conceptualize; conceptual consciousness
{C}discriminate(s); imagines; think it over; thinks
to himself; make a false discrimination
427
rnam par rtog pa med cing
{C}avitarka non-ideation; non-conceptualization

{C}without thoughts adjusted
rnam par rtog pa med pa
{L}nirvikalpaka; {C}avikalpita; {C}vikalpanat

(=kalpan) non-ideation; non-conceptualization
{C}without thoughts adjusted; absence of
mental construction; without discrimination; not
discriminated
rnam par rtog pa
yongs su tshol ba btsal

tshol/tshel btsal tshold {MSA}vikalpa-paryei
thoroughly investigate/examine/research
ideation/conceptualization
rnam par rtog pa las byung
lta bltas ltos {C}avalokayati; {C}avalokita; {C}

vyavalokanat; {C}vyavalokan; {C}vyavalokayati;
{C}vilokayati (=vyavalokyate); {C}vilokita
(=vilokan = avalokita) view; look; see {C}
looking away; surveying (e.g. prattyasamutpdam);
surveys; cast back (a look); beheld; behold;
consider; look down (on); one surveys

{C}vikalpa-samutthita arisen from ideation;
arisen from conceptualization {C}arisen from
discrimination
rnam par rtog pai spyod
yul spyad spyod spyad spyod {L}

vikalpagocara object of activity of conceptuality
rnam par rtog
gzugs gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs {MV}vikalpita rpa
imputed form
{MV}vikalpa kriyate; {MV}vikalpakatva

discriminate; conceptualize
rnam par blta ba {C}vyavalokayati
rnam par rtog par ma
view; look; see {C}behold; consider; look down

(on)
mchis pa {C}avikalpa; {C}avikalpatva nonideation; non-conceptualization {C}nondiscrimination
rnam par bltao {L}vyavalokayati

you should view
rnam par rtog par
rnam par bltas nas {C}
ma mchis so {C}avikalpa; {C}avikalpatva

non-ideation; non-conceptualization {C}
non-discrimination; undiscriminated; without
discrimination
vyavalokayan having viewed; having seen {C}

surveying
rnam par thar pa {C,MSA}vimoka

liberation; freedom {C}emancipation;
deliverance [there are eight kinds]
rnam par rtog par med pa
rnam par thar pa zhal
{C}avikalpa; {C}avikalpanat; {C}avikalpita

non-ideation; non-conceptualization {C}
non-discrimination; undiscriminated; without
discrimination; not discriminated
gsungs ma {PH}autobiography
rnam par thar pa gsum
{PH}
the three types of complete liberation [signlessness;
wishlessness;
rnam par rtogs pa
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}vikalpa
rnam par tho tsham
ideation; discriminate; realize; cognize;

understand {C}false discrimination; noconstruction
pa bsam pa {L}vihehan intent on hurting;

attempt to hurt
rnam par thor ba {C}vikiraa;
blta lta
bltas ltos {C}vilokita (=vilokan = avalokita)

view; look; see {C}looking away; surveying
blta
{C}kalpita; {C}vitarkit impute; designate
rnam par brtags pai
rnam par rtog par byed pa
rnam par lta ba
{C}fashioned; imagined; constructed (by thought);

conjecture
pai spyod yul ma yin pa spyad

spyod spyad spyod {MSA}vikalpgocaratva
not the realm of ideation; not the realm of
conceptualization
rnam par lta
rnam par brtags pa
{C}vikiptaka separate; scatter casting off;

dispersing; scattered corpse; mangled
428
rnam par dag {MV}pariuddha; {MV,L}
object of observation of purification
viuddha; {MV}viuddhatva; {MV}viuddhi; {L}

vimoka very pure; complete; purify; purity
rnam par dag pai mtshan
purity
rnam par dag par gyur ba
rnam par dag nyid {C}viuddhat
nyid {MSA}viuddhi-lakaa characteristic of

purification
rnam par dag pa {C,MSA,MV}
viuddhi {C}(=viuddhit); {MV}pariuddha; {C}

pariuddhi; {MV,MSA}viuddha; {MV}viuddhatva
{very-pure}; very pure; complete; purity{BJ
38.1} {C}perfect purity; purify; state of purity
rnam par dag pa rgya chen
rnam par dag par bya {C}

viudhyate {C}is purified
rnam par dag par bya ba

{MSA}viuddhi object of purification
rnam par dag bya {MV}viuddhi
{MSA}viuddhi-vipula extensive purity
rnam par dag pa nyid {MSA}
object of purification
rnam par dag yul {MV}uddhi-
viuddhat purity
rnam par dag pa med {MSA}na
viaya object of purification; pure object
rnam par dren pa
viudhyate (vi udh) not purify; impurity
drang dren drangs drongs/drend {C}
rnam par dag
nyaka leader; guide {C}guide; leader
pa gzhan gyi dbang nyid {MV}viuddhau

pratantrya other-powered purity {PH}
other-powered purity
rnam par dag pai khyad par

{MSA}viuddhi-viea very pure distinction;
complete distinction
rnam par dag pai thabs
rnam par ldog
ldog
ldog ldogs ldogs {C}vivartate; {C}vinirvartate
isolate; reverse {C}turn away from; turn back
on; is diverted; turn away
rnam par gnas pa med pa

{L}avyavasthita non-abiding; not remain
{MSA}viuddhy-upya method(s) of purity
rnam par dag pai de kho na

{MV}viuddhi-tattva pure suchness; suchness of
purity
rnam par dag pai
rnam par gnon pa {MSA}
vikambhana; {C}vikambhayati harm; damage

{C}obstruct; make an obstacle; get rid of
rnam par mnan cing {C}vikadya

(=avaskandakena) {C}moving rapidly
de bzhin nyid {MSA}viuddhi-tathat pure

suchness; suchness of purity
rnam par dag pai gnas {MV}

viuddhvasth very pure place; abide in purity
rnam par dag pai snod {MSA}

viuddhi-bhjanatva very pure vessel
rnam par dag pai dmigs
pa dmigs dmigs dmigs

dmigs {MV}viuddhy-lambana; viuddhlambana
{MV}(vi udh): viudhyate purify; become pure
429
rnam par rnags pa {C}viptika

(=vipyaka); {L}vipyaka (=vidika) {C}
festering corpse; worm-eaten corpse; festering
rnam par snang ba

snang snang snang snang {C}vairocano appear;
perceive; illuminate {C}like the shining sun
rnam par snang mdzad
snang snang snang snang {C}vairocana
Vairocana [p.n. of a Buddha]; Vairochana
rnam par dpyad {L}vicrita analysis;

discrimination
rnam par dpyad pa {C}carita-
vicarita; {C}vicrita analysis; discrimination

{C}futile considerations; deliberation
rnam par dpyod {MSA}(vi car):
rnam par spyod
vicrayet analysis; discrimination
rnam par dpyod pa {C}
spyad
spyod spyad spyod {C}vicarati enjoy; make

use of; practice; act out; perform; deeds;
performance {C}pass through; explain; wander
about; wanders; behave; undo; course apart from
vyavacrayati; {MSA}vicraa; {MSA}vicra

analysis; discrimination {C}apperceive;
assimilates
rnam par dpyod pa
dang bcas pa {C}savicra together with

discrimination; having discrimination {C}with
discursive thoughts
rnam par dpyod pa med pa
rnam par spros te go ba

ma yin pa {C} vipacita-ja (=rpa-lakaa
rpa ity-dy-abhidhne tad-artha anavabodhn)
{C}cannot understand unless all details are
explained
rnam par phye {MSA}vivta; {L}vivt-
{C}avicra non-discrimination; non-analysis

{C}without thoughts discursive
distinguish; differentiate; separate; open
rnam par phye
rnam par dpyod pa tsam gyi
ste lung bstan par bya ba yin no {C}vibhajya

(vykarayam) {C}one must make a distinction
{C}vicra-mtra mere discrimination; mere

analysis {C}with only discursive thoughts
rnam par phye ba {C}suvibhakta
rnam par dpyod par byed
distinguish; differentiate; separate; open {C}

well proportioned; well separated; {GD:260}
differentiated point of view
{C}vyavacrayati discriminate; analyze {C}

apperceive; assimilates
rnam par spang bar bya
vivarjayati abandon; give up {C}avoid; get rid

of; reject
rnam par phel ba {C}
vivardhamna increase {C}as they grow
rnam par phel byed pa {MSA}

vivardhayat increaser; increase
spang spong spangs spongs {C}vivarjana; {MV,C}

varjita; {L}visjya; {L}vigata; {C}vivarjayati
abandon; give up {C}rejection; avoid; having
relinquished; without; avoided; get rid of; reject
spang spong spangs spongs {C,MV}varjita;
{C,MSA}vivarjita devoid of; abandon; give up

{C}having relinquished; without; avoided; reject;
spang spong spangs spongs {C}vivartanat

eliminate; abandon; dispel {C}turning away
from

{C}visarjayati eliminate; abandon; dispel {C}
replies; get rid of; answer
vicraka {PH}one who analyzes
rnam par spangs pa
rnam par spong ba
rnam par spong bar gyur ro
rnam par dpyad pa po {PW8-H}
rnam par spangs
abandoned; left behind
430
rnam par phrul {MSA}vikurvita

emanate
rnam par phro ba visaraa scatter;

spread; diffuse proceed; issue; emanate from;
from; go on; continue
rnam par bam pa {C}vydhmtaka

(=dhmtaka) {C}a swollen corpse
rnam par byang
separate; open; separate
rnam par byed pa {C}vibhjan;
byang byangs byang byongs {MV}vyavadna;

{MV}(vy-ava dai); {MV}vyavadyate purify;
cleanse; purification
{C}vibhajati; {C}vivaraat; {C}vivarati;

{MSA,MV,L}vicaya; {MV,MSA}vibhga; {MSA}
(vi bhaj): vibhjayati; {MSA}vibhvana
differentiate; to separate; open; separate {C}
analysis; analyze; classify; revelation; explanation;
comment upon; investigation; discernment
rnam par byang ba
{MSA,MV,L}vyavadna; {C}vyodna
(=vyavadna); {MSA}vyavadta; {MV}viuddhi
purification; purify; cleanse
rnam par byed par byed
rnam par byang ba ma yin
{C}vibhajati differentiate; to separate; open;

separate {C}analyze; classify
pa byang byangs byang

byongs {L}avyavadna non-purification; not
purified
rnam par byang bai chos
{MV,N}vaiyavadnika-dharma a very pure

phenomenon{N}
rnam par byang bai rang
bzhin byang byangs byang

byongs {MV}vyavadna-prakti nature of
purity; pure nature
rnam par byang bar gyur

{MSA}(vy-ava dai): vyavadyante purify;
become pure
be devoid of; free from {C}lacking in; deprived

of; without; does not possess
rnam par brel ba {MSA}(vi v):

vivoti join; relate; connect
rnam par sbyang bai chos

thoroughly pure phenomena
rnam par sbyang bar bya ba
{MSA}viodhya object to be purified {PH}
object purified
rnam par sbyong ba
sbyang sbyong sbyangs sbyongs {MSA}viuddhi;

{MSA}viodhana; {MSA}viodhan purify;
wash; practice; train; cleanse; clean; purity;
purification
rnam par bral ba {L}viyoga

completely free from
rnam par dbye {C}vibhakti divide;
rnam par sbyong bai chos
division; open; differentiate; differentiation

{C}analysis
rnam par dbye ba {C}vibhga;
{MSA}viuddhi-dharma very pure phenomenon
rnam par sbyong bar byed
{L}vibhajya; {L}vibhaga; {C}vivaraa

divide; open; differentiate {C}distinction;
discrimination; revelation
{MSA}(vi udh): viodhayati wash; purify;

practice; purification; purity
rnam par dbye bar bya {C}
rnam par ma gyur pa balanced
vivariymi divide; open; differentiate {C}I

will open
state
rnam par byed {MV}vicaya; {MV}
vibhga; {MSA}(vi t): vitaranti differentiate; to
rnam par bral ba {C}virahita to
431
Divisions:
yan lag la dbye ba/ 1 nad/ 2 lus zungs/ 3 dri ma/
Branches: 1) Humours Branch, 2) Physical
Constituents Branch, 3) Excretions Branch
rnam par ma brtags pa
gdags dogs btags/
{MSA}avikalpbhila non-conceptual desire
brtags thogs {L}nirvikalpaka non-imputed; not

designated
pai mtshan nyid {MSA}avikalpa-lakaa

characteristic of non-conceptuality; nonconceptual characteristic
aviuddhi not purified; impure
rnam par ma dag pai
chos can {C}aviuddha-dharmin impure subject

{C}impure by nature
rnam par ma tshang {C}vaikalya
rnam par mi rtog
pai gzugs brnyan nirvikalpakapratibimba nonanalytical image
rnam par mi rtog pai
{C}incompleteness; deficiency
ye shes {MSA}avikalpa ... jna; {MSA}jna

... nirvikalpa; {MSA}nirvikalpa-jna nonconceptual exalted wisdom

mkhyend {C}avijta not know {C}unaware
of; not discerned
rnam par mi rtog
rnam par mi rtog {C}nirvikalpa; {C}
avikalpa; {C}avikalpanat non-conceptual {C}

undifferentiated; indiscriminate; undiscriminated;
without discrimination; non-discrimination
rnam par mi rtog nyid {MSA}

avikalpika non-conceptuality
rnam par mi
pai ye shes kyis {MV}avikalpena jnena; {MV}

nirvikalpena jnena through non-conceptual
exalted wisdom
rnam par mi
rtog pai lam bsgoms pa

bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {MV}avikalpa
mrga bhvayati cultivate the path of nonconceptuality
rnam par mi rtog ye shes
rtog thabs yongs bzung ba {MSA}akalpanopyaparigraha discern the method of nonconceptuality
ldan {MSA}jnena gat ... nirvikalpena

having non-conceptual exalted wisdom
rnam par mi rtog pa {C}akalpita;
rnam par mi lta ba
blta lta bltas ltos {MSA}(a-vi pa): avipayat

not view; not look; not see
{C,MSA}nirvikalpa; {MSA}akalpan; {C,MSA}

avikalpa; {C}avikalpanat; {MSA}avikalpana;
{MSA}avikalpan non-conceptual; nonconceptuality {C}indiscriminate; no discursive
thought; without mental construction; nondiscrimination
rnam par mi tshe ba {MSA}

avihis; aviheha non-harmfulness
rnam par mi g.yeng ba {MV}
rnam par mi rtog pa nyid
avikipta non-distraction {T}
{C}nirvikalpat; {MV}avikalpana(t); {MV}

nirvikalpa jna (sic) non-conceptuality
{C}no discrimination
rnam par dmar ba {C}vilohita

{C}bloody
rnam par mi rtog pa dod pa

{C}avikalpa; {L}nirvikalpa non-conceptual; nonconceptuality
rnam par mi rtog
rnam par ma dag pa {MV}
rnam par mi mkhyen pa
rnam par mi rtog pa yin pa
432
rnam par rmongs pa
rmong rmong rmongs rmongs {L}vimoha
very deluded
{MSA}vipka-phala result of ripening
rnam par smin {C}vipku; {L,MV}
vipka ripen; mature {C}reward; karma-result
rnam par smin pa {C,MV,MSA}
vipka; {MSA}vaipkya ripen; mature; fruition;

maturation {C}reward; karma-result
rnam par
smin pa dang rgyu mthun pai yon tan {MSA}

vipka-niyanda-gua qualities that are causally
concordant with ripening/maturing
rnam par smin pa don du

gnyer ba {MSA}arth bhavati vipkena for the
sake of maturing; seeking to ripen
rnam par smin pa ma yin pa

nonfruitional
rnam par smin

pa ma yin pai skad cig sbyor nonfruitional
momentary training
rnam par smin pa yin nas
{C}vipacyate having matured; having ripened

{C}be a result (of karma)
rnam par smin pa la brten
rnam par smin pai sems

bskyed ripening mind-generation
rnam par smin la {C}vipku

mature; ripen {C}reward
rnam par smod par gyur {C}

vigarhate; {C}vigarhati {C}censure
rnam par rtse ba (vi kr): {C}
vikrati; {MSA}vikranti; {MSA}vikrana onepointed {C}plays with; sports with
rnam par brtse ba {C}vikrat
(=vikran); {C}vikrati; {MSA}vikrita onepointed {C}playing; play with; sports with
rnam par tshig pa {C}vidagdhaka

{C}a burned corpse
rnam par tshe ba {MSA}vihis;

{MSA}viheha harmfulness
rnam par tshe ba bzod pa
vihehan-maraa patience/forbearance/
tolerance/endurance with respect to harmfulness
rnam par gzhag (vy-ava sth):
pa {MSA}vipka-sanirit in dependence
upon maturing
{MSA}vyavasthpita; {MV}vyavasthpyate;
{MV}vyavasthna; {MV}vyavasthpana posit;
establish; abide
rnam par smin
pa la mi lta bai du shes blta

lta bltas ltos {MSA}vipka-nirapeka-saj
conception not viewing maturation
rnam par smin pa las skyes

pa {C}vipka-ja produced from maturing
{C}born of karma-result
rnam par gzhag pa {C,MV}
vyavasthna; {MV}vyavasthpana posit;

establish; abide {C}attributes; determination;
respective determination; distribution; definite
distinction; distinctive definition
rnam par smin pa las byung rnam par gzhag bya chos
{C}vipka-ja arisen from ripening {C}born of
karma-result
rnam par smin pai skad

cig sbyor fruitional momentary training
rnam par smin pai bras bu
433
gsum trivyavasthpya-dharma three properties

of a posited object
rnam par gzhig pa {C}vinita;

{L,MV}vina break down {C}destroyed;
destruction
rnam par gzhig par bgyi ba
{C}vibhvayitavya break down {C}should be
undeveloped
rnam par bzhag pa (vy-ava sth):
rnam par g.yengs pa {MSA}

vikipta distraction
rnam par g.yo (vi cal): {C,MSA}
vicalati {C}(=varayati) move; fluctuate {C}

waver
{L}vyavasthita; {MSA}vyavasthpyante; {MSA}

vyavasthna; {MSA}vyavasthpana; {MSA}
vyavasthpita presentation determination;
determined
rnam par g.yo ba {C}vispandita

move; fluctuate {C}restless; throbbing
rnam par bzhag
rnam par g.yong ba {C}vikepa;
pa yongs su dpyod pa {MSA}vyavasthna

pariccheda analysis of the presentation
{C}vispandita distraction {C}confusion;

(mental) disturbance; distraughtness; wave (their
garments); restless; throbbing
rnam par zos pa {C}vikhdika;
{C}vikditaka (=vikhdita) {C}a corpse being

devoured; mangled; eaten by worms
rnam par gzigs {MSA}vipavin; {C}

vyvalokita; {C}vyavalokayati viewing; look; see
{C}beheld; behold; consider; look down (on)
rnam par gzigs pa gyur
rnam par rig {MV}vijapti; {C}vijapta

knowledge; know; ideation {C}intimated
rnam par rig pa {C}
vijnana; {L,MV,MSA}vijapti knowledge;

know; ideation; cognition {C}being aware;
conceptualization
pa yin {C}vyavalokayan viewing; look; see

{C}surveying
rnam par rig pa dang tha
nivartayati reverse; reversing
rnam par rig pa byed pa
snyad {PW8} prajaptirvyavahra {PH}what

is conventionally known
rnam par bzlog {MV}(ni vt):

rnam par bzlog pa {C}
{MSA}vijpany know
vinirvartayit; {C}vivarta; {L}vyavartaka reverse;

reversing {C}one who causes to turn back;
turning away from; impeded; impediment
rnam par g.yeng ba {C,MV,MSA}
rnam par rig pa med pa {C}
avijapti non-knowledge; not know; nonideation {C}give no hint {about their true
nature); without ideation; without conceptualization
rnam par rig pa tsam
vikepa; {C}ikiyate (=vieyate = vikipyate

= vikupyate); {MV}vikipta distraction {C}
confusion; (mental) disturbance; distraughtness;
wave (their garments); undisturbed; disturbed;
dispersed; scattered
{L,MSA,MV}vijapti-mtra; {MSA}vijapti-mtrat
knowledge-only; ideation-only; cognition-only
conceptualization-only
rnam par g.yeng ba med pa
rnam par rig pai de kho na
med pai sems {C}avikipta-citta; {C}avikiptamanas non-distracted mind {C}undisturbed

(in his) thought; with undistracted mind
bzhin nyid {MSA}vijapti-tathat suchness of

knowledge; suchness of ideation
{MV}vijapti-tattva suchness of knowledge;

suchness of ideation
{MSA}avikepa non-distraction
rnam par g.yeng ba
rnam par g.yeng bya {MSA}(vi
rnam par rig pai de
vijey object of knowledge; object of ideation
kip): vikipet distract; distracted
rnam par rig par bya ba {MSA}
434
rnam par rig par bya
ba ma yin {C}avijapanya not an object of

knowledge; not known; not an object of ideation
{C}something which cannot be intimated/
conveyed
rnam par rig par byed pa
cognizer
rnam par shes pa
phan tshun dang ldan pa {C} anyonya-vijnasamagin {C}mind on other things; his mind on
other kinds of talk
rnam par
{MSA}vijeya knower; know
rnam par rig par
shes pai rkyen gyis ming dang gzugs {MSA}

vijna-pratyaya nmarpam name and form,
the conditions of consciousness; {T} due to the
conditionconsciousnessthere is name and
form; conditioned by consciousness, name and
form
byed pai gzugs vijaptirpa revelatory form

rnam par rig par byed pai gzugs; rnam
par rig byed kyi gzugs vijaptirpa revelatory
form
rnam par rig pa; rnam rig
rnam par shes pai khams

{C}vijna-dhtu realm of consciousness
vijapti cognition
rnam par rig byed {MSA}vijpana;

{MV}vijapti reveal; revelatory
rnam par
rig byed ma yin pai gzugs {LCh}avijaptirpa; avijptirpa non-revealing form;

nonrevelatory form
rnam par shes par gyur pa
{C}vijeya; {C}vijna-gata cognize; become

conscious of {C}discernible; distinct; should be
known; one should understand/discern; belonging to
consciousness
rnam par shes par bgyid pa

vijpanat cognize; be conscious of {C}is
informed about
rnam par rol pa {C,MSA}vikrita;

{MSA}vikrana sport
rnam par shes pa; rnam
rnam par rol pai las {MSA}
shes vijna consciousness
vikrana-karman actions of sport; sportive

actions
rnam par shes pa;
rnam par log nas {C}vivarti
rnam shes; shes pa {MSA,MV}vijna; {C}vijata
consciousness; cognition {C}be aware of;
having reversed; having returned {C}rid of
rnam par shes {MV}vijna
cognized; known; discerned
rnam par bshad pa {LCh}vykhy
consciousness; cognition
rnam par shes pa dra
explanation
ba med pa {C}sada-vijnatva non-similarity

with consciousness {C}his consciousness
conforms to
rnam par shes pa gnas pa
{C}vijna-sthiti abode of consciousness; source

of consciousness {C}foundation of conscious life
rnam par shes pa po {MSA}vijt
435
rnam par bshad pai rigs
pa vyky-yukti Vasubandhus Reasoning for

Explanations (P. 5562, vol. 113)
rnam par bshig nas {C}
vibhvanat; {C}vibhvanatay; {C}vibhviya;

{C}vibhvamna having destroyed {C}
annihilation (by meditation); annihilated; one who
develops to the end
rnam par bshig pa {C}vina;
8.3}
{C}vibhvita destroy {C}destruction; undone;

annihilated (in meditation)
rnam par sun byin pa
discrimination; analysis {C}who accomplish
dbyung byin phyung phyungs {MSA}

vidaa disbelieve; refute
rnam par sems
rnam par bsam/ sems/ bsams/ soms/

think; intend
rnam par sel ba
bsal sel bsald seld {C}vikiraa; {C}viodhayati;

{L}vinodayanti; {MSA}vinayana eradicate;
remove; clear away; eliminate; avoid; exclude;
separate {C}casting off; dispersing; purifies;
cleanse; clean away; removes; remove; dispel; drive
asunder; diversion; pasttime
rnam par soms

think; intend
rnam par gsal ba {MSA}vipa;

{MSA}vispaa clarify
rnam par bsam

think; intend
rnam par bsam pa {C}dhmtaka
think; thought; intended; intention {C}swollen

corpse
rnam par bsams

{C}vicintayati think; thought; intend {C}
reflection
rnam par bsal

bsal sel bsald seld {C}vinya eradicate; remove;
clear away; eliminate; avoid; exclude; separate
{C}after turning away
rnam dpyad bsam pa can
{MSA}vicraaya having analytical thoughts
rnam dpyod discrimination; analysis{BJ

rnam dpyod pa {C}vicrama
436
rnam spangs
spang
spong spangs spongs {C}vivarjayati abandon;
give up {C}avoid; get rid of; reject
rnam phel {C}vivddhi increase; impel

{C}increase; growth
rnam phro {MSA}visra scattering

rnam byang byang
byangs byang byongs vyavadna purification;

very pure
rnam byang gi chos
vaiyavadnika-dharma very pure phenomenon;

phenomenon of purification [i.e. liberation]{Lati}
rnam byang gzung rtog
gzung dzin bzung zungs conception of

thoroughly pure objects
rnam dbyed division (?)

rnam byed {MSA}vicaya differentiate;
separate; open
rnam byed pa {MV}vibhga; {MSA}

advayrtha-vibhvaka differentiate; separate;
open
rnam byes distinct

rnam sbyar {PH}robe
gos smyug poi rnam sbyar
zhig gsol ras su gnang dug; It is [said that he]

gave [him] a robe of brown cloth as a gift. {GCC}
p.14
rnam sbyong
sbyang
sbyong sbyangs sbyongs viodana purifying;

wash; purify; practice
rnam mang {PH}manifold; many aspects

rnam mang po {C}bahudh many
rnam smin dag {MSA}vipka-uddhi
kinds; many aspects {C}manifold; in many

ways
pure maturation; pure fruition
rnam mang gzugs dag {C}
rnam smin rnam shes
aneka-rpa many aspects and forms {C}in

great variety; different in form; one of many
vipakavijna fruitional consciousness (a

partially purified continuation of a mind-basisof-all)
rnam mi rtog pa {C}avikalpa; {C}
rnam smin rig dzin
avikalpanat; {C}avikalpaka non-conceptual

{C}undiscriminated; without discrimination; nondiscrimination; he should not discriminate
gzung dzin bzung zungs fructional

knowledge bearer
rnam smin {C}vipka; {MSA}prapka
rnam tshe {MSA}vihis harmfulness;
fruition; maturation {C}karma-result; result;

reward; {GD:801} [karmic] effect
harm
rnam rdzun dri bcas pa Tainted
rnam smin gyi skye ba fruitional
False Aspectarian
rebirths
rnam smin gyi skye ba dzin
tshul gzung dzin bzung zungs

a mode of taking fruitional rebirths{PGP 78}
rnam smin gyi
skye ba len tshul gyi khyad par {PH}the feature

of the mode of taking fruitional rebirth
rnam rdzun pa False Aspectarian

{PH}False Aspectarian
rnam rdzogs sbyor ba sarvkrbhisabhodha

complete training in all aspects; complete within
unrestricted equality

rnam rdzogs sbyor ba/ rnam kun mngon par
rnam smin gyi rgyu vipka-hetu
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
fruitional cause
mi dge ba dang dge ba zag bcas gang gis bsdus pa/

Definition: That which is included within non-virtue
and contaminated virtue
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 phen byed kyi las/ 2 rdzogs byed
kyi las/ Divisions: (1) impelling karma; (2)
completing karma
rdzogs par rtogs pa sarvkrbhisabhodha

complete training in the aspects

rnam rdzogs sbyor ba; rnam kun mngon par
rdzogs par rtogs pa sarvkrbhisabodha
complete training in all the aspects; complete
realization of all the aspects
rnam smin gyi sgrib pa
rnam rdzogs sbyor ba/ rnam kun mngon par rdzogs

par rtogs pa sarvkrbhisabodha complete
training in all the aspects; complete realization of
all the aspects
*vipkvaraa fruitional obstruction
rnam smin gyi bag chags
rnam brdzun dri bcas pa
predispositions of maturation
rnam smin gyi bras bu vipka-
{PH}
Tainted False Aspectarian
phala fruitional result; fruitional effect
rnam smin gyi yon tan fruitional

good qualities
437
rnam brdzun dri med
{PH}Non-
Tainted False Aspectarian
rnam brdzun dri med pa
{PH}
play]; sport; play; activities
Non-Tainted False Aspectarian
rnam brdzun pa alkkravdin False
rnam log {C}vinivtti reverse; oppose; to
Aspectarian {PH}False Aspectarian
return {C}turning away from
rnam bzhag {N}vyavasthpita
rnam shes

rrnam shes/ shes pa vijna [diverse-know];
consciousness; main consciousness; [ordinary]
consciousness{N}; knower; cognition
presentation{N}
rnam bzhag pa {L}samhita
not in meditative equipoise {C}unconcentrated
rnam shes kyi zas vijnhra
{PH}
[Ngabodhis] Ordered Stages [of the Guhyasamja
Sdhana]
rnam shes bstan du med pa
rnam bzhag med pa {C}asamhita
rnam bzhag rim pa
rnam bzhag rim pai
rnam shes mtha {C}vijnnta
vijnnta; vijnnantya limitless consciousness

{C}infinite consciousness
rnam shes mtha yas skye
bshad pa eloquent presentation
mched {C}vijnnantyyatana {C}sense-field

of infinite consciousness
rnam bzhag bshad pa la with
rnam shes tshogs brgyad eight
respect to explaining the presentation ...
rnam bzhi four aspects

rnam gzigs {MSA}vipayin
collections of consciousness [by Asaga]{BJ 37.1}
rnam shes las das pa beyond
{PH}
the Bodhisattva Vipayin (who became the Buddha
kyamuni)
consciousness
rnam bshad vykhy explanation;
rnam g.yeng {MSA}vikepa distraction

rnam rig vijapti cognition
rnam rig pa vijaptika; vijaptivdin
Gyal-tshabs Explanation; Gyal-tshab-dar-marin-chens (rgyal tshab dar ma rin chen; 13641432) Explanation Illuminating the Meaning of
the Commentaries on (Maitreyas) Treatise of
Quintessential Instructions on the Perfection of
Wisdom; Ornament for the Clear Realizations:
Ornament for the Essence (rnam bshad snying
po rgyan/ shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pai man
ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pai rgyan
gyi grel pa don gsal bai rnam bshad snying poi
rgyan)
Proponents of Cognition {PH}Proponent of the

Ideation-Only (vijapti-matra) School
{PH}
Ideation-Only (vijapti-matra) School
rnam rig tsam vijaptimtra mere
rnam bshad rigs vykyyukti
cognition
indemonstrability of consciousnesses
rnam shes mtha yas {C}
rnam bzhag legs par
rnam rol lla; {LCh}vikrita [diverse-
consciousness; sustenance of consciousness
limit of consciousness {C}infinite consciousness
rnam bshad Explanation of the Stages of the

Presentation ? [Dzong-ka-bas commentary on
Ngabodhis Ordered Stages of the Means of
Achieving Guhyasamaja]
rnam rig pai lugs vijptika
consciousness food; nourishment of
Vasubandhus Reasoning for Explanations (P.

5562, vol. 113)
438
rnam bsams {C}vicintayati think;
mtshan nyid/ rang gi thun mong ma yin pai
thought {C}reflection
rnam bsal
bdag rkyen du gyur pai zhi lhag zung brel gyi ting
rnams plural marker

rnai mngon par shes pa {MSA}
non-mistaken exalted knower in the continuum

of a Superior that is produced from a meditative
stabilization which is a union of calm abiding and
special insight and which has become its own
uncommon empowering condition
bsal
sel bsald seld eradicate; remove; clear away;
eliminate; avoid; exclude; separate
nge dzin las skyes pai rtog bral ma khrul bai phags
rotrbhij clairaudience {T}
rnar snyan pa {MSA}kara-sukh
Divisions:
pleasant to the ear {T}
rnal rest; tranquillity

rnal byor {LCh,MSA}yoga; {C,MSA}
dbye ba/ 1 nyan thos kyi rnal byor mngon sum/

2 rang rgyal gyi rnal byor mngon sum/ 3 theg
chen gyi rnal byor mngon sum/ Divisions: (1)
Hearer yogic direct perceiver; (2) Solitary Realizer
yogic direct perceiver; (3) Mahyna yogic direct
perceiver
yogin; {C}yogu [tranquillity-receive]; yoga;

yogin [one who has calmed the mind and
attained the ability to analyze phenomena]
rnal byor gyi rgyu {MSA}

yogopaniad cause of yoga
rnal byor gyi sa {MSA}yoga-bhmi

yogic ground
dbye ba/ 1 gang zag
Divisions:
gi bdag med rtogs pai rnal byor gyi sa/ 2 gnyis

stong rtogs pai rnal byor gyi sa/ 3 bden stong
bden par grub pas stong pa rtogs pai rnal byor
gyi sa/ Divisions: (1) yogic ground of one who
realizes the selflessness of persons; (2) yogic ground
of one who realizes the emptiness of duality; (3) the
yogic ground of one who realizes the emptiness of
true establishment [of phenomena]
rnal byor gyi sa rnam pa
gyi tshad ma yogi-pratyaka-prama direct

perceiver that is a yogic direct perceiver
rnal byor mngon sum

bcad shes yogic direct subsequent cognizer
rnal byor mngon sum

tshad ma {PH}valid yogic perception
rnal byor gcig ldan sole yoga;

single yoga; yoga having a single [deity]
rnal byor ldan {C}prayukta-yog

{C}a devoted yogin
rnal byor ni thabs yin pa

{MSA}yoga upya yoga is the method {T}
{MSA}nirvikalpa ... yoga non-conceptual yoga
rnal byor pa {LCh,C,MSA}yogin; yogu;
rnal byor rgyud yogatantra Yoga
{C}yogin; yoga yogin
Tantra
rnal byor pa
rnal byor mngon sum yogiTenses: future, present, past, imperative
rnal byor mngon sum
rnal byor rnam par mi rtog
lnga {MSA}paca-vidh yoga-bhmi five

aspects of the yogic ground
pratyaka yogic direct perceiver; yogic direct

perception{N}
Definitions:
rgyud kyi mkhyen pa/ Definition: a non-conceptual
rnams kyi yid la byed pa {MSA}manaskra ...

yogin mental engagement of yogins
439
rnal byor pai blo ngor
Middle Way Autonomy School
{PH}
from the perspective of a yogi
rnal byor pai yid ngo na for

the yogis mind ...
rnal byor spyod pa
spyad spyod spyad spyod {L}yogcra; yogacrya

Yogchra; practice of yoga {PH}Yogcra;
Yogic-Practice [School]
rnal byor spyod pa pa
spyad spyod spyad spyod yogcra Yogic
Practitioners
rnal byor spyod pa ba
rnal byor spyod

pai dbu ma rang brgyud pa
spyad spyod spyad spyod yogcra-svtantrikamdhyamika Yogic Practice Middle Way
Autonomy School
rnal byor bya bar gyur ba
{C}yogam padyate {C}make endeavors; make

efforts
rnal byor bla na med pa

anuttarayoga Highest Yoga
rnal byor bla med Highest Yoga

Tantra
rnam rdzun pa spyad spyod spyad

spyod {PH}Yogcra False Aspectarian [School]
{GD:580} Yogcra False Aspectarian school
rnal byor bla med kyi rgyud
{N}anuttara-yoga-tantra Highest Yoga Tantra;

Unsurpassed Yoga Tantra
rnal byor spyod pa dbu ma
rnal byor ma {LCh}yogin a female
{PH}Yogcra-Svtantrika-Mdhyamika; Yogic
Practice Middle Way Autonomy [School]
practitioner of yoga {T}
rnal byor spyod pai dbu ma rnal byor brtson {C}prayukta-yog

{PH}Yogcra-Svtantrika-Madhyamaka; Yogic
Practice Middle Way Autonomy School
{C}yogins who exert themselves
rnal byor rab tu brtson {C}
rnal byor spyod pai
prayukta-yoga {C}intent on his practice
rnal lam
dbu ma rgyud pa {PH}Yogcra-Madhyamaka

lineage; Yogic Practice Middle Way lineage
rnal byor spyod pai
dbu ma pa {N}yogcra-mdhyamika {PH}

Yogcra-Madhyamaka; Yogic Practice Middle Way
[School]
rnal byor
spyod pai dbu ma rang rgyud pa

spyad spyod spyad spyod yogcrasvtantrika-mdhyamika Yogcara-SvtantrikaMdhyamika; Yogic Autonomy Middle Way
School {PH}Yogcra-Svtantrika-Mdhyamika;
Yogic Practice Middle Way Autonomy [School]
rnal byor
spyod pai dbu ma rang rgyud pai lugs yogcrasvtantrika-mdhyamika {PH}YogcraSvtantrika-Mdhyamika School; Yogic Practice
440
{PH}yogic dream
rje bla ma rnal lam du
byon pa sogs ga zhig brjod; [I] will speak a little
about [how] the Foremost Lama came [to him] in a
yogic dream, and so forth. {W23693} Mkhas-grubrnam-thar-bsdus-pa; 2b.1
rnal ma natural; normal; normative; fullfledged
rnal bzhin
{PH}restfully; soundly

If [one were to] sleep soundly like a true
[vanquisher], then what other than this would be

more inappropriate? {A4C} = D 3846 I.1cd
rno {C}tka acute; {C}keen; sharp

rno ba {C}tka acute; {C}keen; sharp
rnon tka sharp; acute

rnon po {C}tka sharp; acute {C}keen
sna ghra (1) nose; nostril; (2) various;
[tip of the nose?] ...{TGP 40}
sna tshogs {L,MSA}nn; {C}nntva;
{C,MSA}citra; {MV,MSA}vicitra; {MSA}vaicitrya;

{L}viea; {C}vividha [various-collection];
variety; the varieties; variegated; various {C}
all; different; distinguished; difference; manifold;
multiplicity; manifoldness; differentiation; bright
varieties {PH}various; varieties
sna sgo opening

sna sgra {PH}nasal [sound]
sna lnga {PH}five various; variegated five-
sna tshogs kyi du shes

dang bral ba {MSA}nntva-saj-vigati free
from various conceptions
[colored]
sna tshogs nyid {C}nntva
sna rdum {PH}maimed nose; cut-off nose

sna nam pa {PH}Na-nam-pa [Dor-je-du-
variousness; variety; variegated
sna tshogs gnyis med
{GD:634}
Proponents of Perceptual Non-Duality (lit.,
proponents of the absence of diversity)
jom (sna nam rdo rje bdud joms); p.n. of one of

Tri-song-de-tsens ministers]
sna rnam shes ghra-vijna nose
sna tshogs gnyis med pa Non-
consciousness
Pluralists
sna bai sgor rgyu bai rlung
sna tshogs du shes zhugs
pa zhug jug zhugs zhugs

{C}nntva-sajpasto engage in conceptions
of varieties {C}intent on the perception of
multiplicity
{PH}wind that moves through the door of the ears
sna bai rnam par shes pa

ghravijna nose consciousness
sna bai dbang po ghrendriya
sna tshogs rdo rje variegated vajra

sna tshogs pa {MSA}citra various;
nose sense power
sna dbang ghrendriya nose sense-
mtshan nyid/ rang bras sna shes

power
variegated; the varieties
Definitions:
sna tshogs su snang ba
snang snang snang snang {MSA}citrbhsa
kyi thun mong ma yin pai bdag rkyen byed pai cha nas
appear as various
bzhag pai nang gi gzugs can dwangs ba/ Definition:
clear inner form, qualified by acting as the

uncommon empowering condition of its own effect,
a nose consciousness
sna mai me tog {PH}jasmine flower

sna min sna tshogs various kinds
sna rtse upperpoint (?); tip of the nose (?)
sna rtser od thig sgom pa
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang gi thun mong ma yin pai bdag
rkyen snai dbang po dang dmigs rkyen dri la brten nas
skye bai rig pa/ Definition: an awareness which

arises in dependence upon its own uncommon
empowering condition, a nose sense-power, and an
observed object condition, a scent

meditation on a drop of light at the upper point
sna ro [nose-horn]; the o vowel

sna la {PH}at first
sna shes ghra-jna nose consciousness
441
sna shes kyi myong bya
splendor; spread the light; radiance; lustre; come to

hear;
snang stong gnyis tshogs
apprehended object of a nose consciousness
snag gi gnyen mtshams {C}
snang snang snang snang composite

of appearance and emptiness{N}
slohita; {C}slohita-matya {C}maternal

relative; relation; kinsmen
snang phyogs kyi chos
snags mantra mantra

snags thig mantrabindu mantra drop
snang ngo {C}sadyate; {C}avabhsa;
snang snang snang
snang {MSA}avabhsa; {MSA}bhsa; {GD}

pratibh; {C,TN,N}pratibhsa; {MV}pratibhs-;
{C,MSA,MV}pratibha {C}(=prabhsa); {MSA}
pratibhita; {MSA}loka; {C,MV}darana; {C}
dyate; (d): {MSA}dyase; {C}praka
(=loka); {TN}khyti; {MSA}khyna; {MV}
prakhyna; appearance; appear; perceive; light;
illuminate; illumination {PH}luminosity {C}
sight; exhibit; visible; (act of) seeing; exhibition;
vision; is seen; has appeared; has seen; reflection
(of an object in a mirror); reflection of an object
in water; image; reflected image; reflection of the
moon in water; apparition; {N} appearing;
snang ba dkar lam pai
sems snang snang snang snang

mind of radiant white appearance

bzung zungs lokavddhisamdhi meditative
stabilization of the increase of appearance
{PH}meditative stabilization of the increase of
appearance
snang snang
snang snang for the appearance factor
snang ngor shes bya
{PH}objects of
knowledge for the appearance factor
snang snang snang
snang appearance factor
snang btags gcig tu dres
snang ba nyid
kyang gzhan las nges pa [prime cognizer for

which] even the mere appearance is induced by
another {GD:736} external ascertainment of the
appearance itself
snang ba ltar grub pa established

as it appears; exist as it appears

(is/can be) conceived; conceive; comes under
the concept of; becomes/is conceivable; have a
conception of; appears; is beheld; appear bright;
is equal to; manifest oneself; form; illumination;
snang ba
snang ba mched pai
{C}loka appearance factor; appearanceperspective; appear [with terminator] {C}

appears; is beheld; appear bright; is equal to;
manifest oneself; form; illumination; splendor;
spread the light; radiance; lustre
snang cha
{PH}
phenomena of the appearing class
snang {C}avabhsa; bhsa; {TN}pratibhsa;

{MSA}bhat; {LCh,C}loka; {C}prajyate
(=pravartyate = tat-kta-cihna-abhvn); (sa
d): {C,MSA}sadyate; {MSA}sadyante;
{MSA}darana; {MSA}sadarana; {C}prathate;
{TN,MSA}khyti; {L}rpa; {MSA}mi snang bar to
appear; perceive; light; illuminate; appearance
{PH}appearance {C}(is/can be) conceived;
conceive; comes under the concept of; becomes/
is conceivable; have a conception of; appears; is
beheld; appear bright; is equal to; manifest oneself;
form; illumination; splendor; spread the light;
radiance; lustre; come to hear the
three appearances, sounds, and thoughts {YIA}
snang ngor
snang ba thob pai ting nge

dzin thob/thob thob
thob thobs lokalabdhasamdhi meditative
stabilization achieving perception [of emptiness]
442
snang ba rnam bdun seven types of

appearances
dream, magical illusion, mirage, echo, reflection, city of

smell-eaters, and emanation
snang ba byed pa
snang snang snang snang {C}avabhsa karoti;

{C}avabhsa-kara; {C}loka-kara; {MSA}lokakaratva appearance; illuminator; illuminate;
perceiver {C}guidance
non-appearance; non-perception; no light; nonillumination {C}imageless; non-apparent
snang bai dmigs rkyen
appearing object-of-observation-condition;
observed-object-conditions in the sense of
appearing [to conceptual consciousnesses]
snang bai yul object that appears

snang bar gyur snang
snang snang snang {C}sadyate to appear;

perceive; light; illuminate; appearance
snang bar gyur pa
snang snang snang snang {MV}pratibhsatva to

appear; perceive; light; illuminate; appearance
snang snang snang {L}prabh light; radiance;

splendor
snang ba rang las nges zhing bden pa
snang bar bgyid pa
snang bar gyur ba
snang snang snang snang {C}loka; {C}

loka-kari to appear; perceive; light; illuminate;
appearance {C}illumination; radiance; source of
light; bringing light
gzhan las nges pa [prime cognizer which]

induces ascertainment by itself and induces
ascertainment of the truth from another
{GD:740} a cognition in which the appearance
is ascertained [by itself] and the truth by other
[cognitions]
snang snang snang snang {C}loka-bhta

illuminate; light; appear {C}a true light
snang bar bya
snang bai khrul pa yod pa
snang
snang snang snang {C}obhsana to appear;
perceive; light; illuminate; appearance;
illumination
{MV}pratibhsa-bhrnti-sadbhva appearance
that has error
snang bai rgyu
snang
snang snang snang {MV}saprakhyna-kraa
cause of appearance/illumination
snang snang snang snang {GD:556}

operating through appearance
appearance
snang
snang bai od gsal clear light of
snang snang snang snang {C}apratibhsa

non-appearance; non-perception; no light;
non-illumination {C}imageless; non-apparent
snang ba med pai tshul
gyis snang to appear without appearing [as
opposed to directly appearing (dngos su snang ba),
and appearing in a hidden way (lkog tu snang)]
{GD:555}
snang bai rgyu mtshan
snang bai sgo nas jug
snang snang snang snang {MV}dya-tattva

suchness of appearance; suchness of perception
snang snang snang snang {C}apratibhsa
snang ba od
saprakhyna-nimitta cause/sign/reason of
appearance/illumination
snang bai de kho na
snang ba ma mchis pa
snang ba med pa
snang bar byed pa
snang snang snang snang {C}lokam karoti;

{C}avabhsa karoti; {C}avabhsa-kara; {C}
loka-kara; {MSA}prabhsana illuminator;
443
appearance; perceiver; appear; illuminate; light
{C}bring light; throw light on; guidance
snang byed srog chags
snang dbang gis jug
snang snang snang snang {C}jyotikapri-bhta {C}light-emitting animal
snang snang snang snang operate through

the power of appearance
snang dbang gyis mi jug
snang snang snang snang not operate
throught he power of appearance {GD:527} the

power of appearance of real things
snang med
snang snang
snang snang
snang snang

dbye ba/ 1 der gyur
Divisions:
{PH}emphasis on the

snang snang snang snang {MSA}nibha-citta-mtra
mere mental appearance
mi mthun pa discordant mode of appearance

and mode of abiding
snang snang
snang snang *pratibhsaviaya appearing

object
snang yul la zhib cha dgos
distinctions are needed with respect to appearing

objects
snang rung ma dmigs
snabs mucus of the nose; nasal mucus; snot

snam bu {N}paa woolen cloth{N}
snam sbyar {PH}[monks] upper robe
snai sgor rgyu bai rlung {PH}
wind that moves through the door of the nose
snai rnam shes ghravijna nose

consciousness
pai rtags dmigs

dmigs dmigs dmigs nonobservation sign of
the suitable to appear; sign which is a nonobservation of the suitable to appear
snang la ma nges aniyata-pratibhsa

appearance without ascertainment
snang la ma nges pa *aniyatapratibhsa awareness to which an object

appears but is not ascertained
the specifically characterized phenomenon that is its

object of engagement clearly appears but which is
unable to induce ascertainment with respect to it
snang sems tsam
snang tshul gnas tshul
snang la ma nges pai blo
mi nus pai rig pa/ Definition: a knower to which
appearances
snang snang mode of appearance
snang yul
pai rang mtshan gsal bar snang yang de la nges pa dren
snang shas
snang snang mere appearance
snang tshul
mtshan nyid/ rang gi jug yul du gyur
pai dbang mngon/ 2 der gyur pai yid mngon/ 3

der gyur pai rang rig Divisions: (1) sense direct
perceiver which is that; (2) mental direct perceiver
which is that; (3) self-knower which is that
snang snang without appearance
snang tsam
aniyata-pratibhsa-buddhi awareness to which

an object appears but is not ascertained;
awareness to which an object appears without
being noticed
Definitions:
444
snai bu ga {PH}nostril
snai dbang po ghrendriya nose
sense-power; nose sense power
snum {C}susnigdha glossy

quite glossy
{PH}oil {C}
sne extremity; end

sne mo extremity; end
sneu nayu (in particular, the leaves of the
plant)
snod {LCh,MSA}bhjana; {C,MSA}bhjanatva;
{MSA}pe vessel; environment {PH}

container-organ {C}be worthy of; repository;
locus
The large
intestine [is] the name of the part [of the body]
that is between the small intestines and the colon,
and is one from among six container-organs that is
named in dependence upon its shape. Gso rig tshigs
mdzod - g.yu thog dgongs rgyan (long ga)
snod kyi jig rten {C,MSA,MV}
a-bhjanatva which is not a vessel; which is not

an environment
snod du ma gyur pai sems

can {MSA}abhjana-bhta ... sattva a being
who is not a [proper] vessel
snod du rung ba suitable vessel

snod du rung bar gyur
(bhjan bh): bhjan-bhavati suitable to serve

as a basis
snod yongs su sbyong ba
snod gyur {MV}bhjanatva vessel;

environment
snod gyur pa {C}bhjana; {MV}
bhjanatva vessel; environment {C}be worthy

of; repository; locus
snod bcud environment and beings
{PH}environment and [its] inhabitants

dbang shes la snang bai snod
bcud min gyi ... not the environment and beings
that appear to sense consciousness; but... {TGP 24}
{MSA}bhjana-pariodhana very pure vessel;

very pure environment; purify/wash/clean the
vessel
snod so ma btang {C}ma-bhjana

{C}unbaked pot
snon po btab add on

snom bsnam/
snom/ bsnams/ snoms/ carry; take up; brandish;

add
snom pa smell; grasp; carry; take up; add

snom mo smell; grasp; carry; take up
snoms bsnam/
udaka-ptra vessel filled with water/fluid {C}

bowl of water
snod nyid du ni byed pa {MSA}
snom/ bsnams/ snoms/ carry; brandish; take up;

add
sthpan bhjanatve not serve as a vessel; not

serve as an environment
snrel zhi non-sequential{MA 386.16-17}

snrel gzhi non-sequential{MA 386.16-17}
brnan emphasize ? {T}
brnab sems {LCh,MSA}abhidhy
snod du gyur {C}bhjan-bhta
(=pautara-raddhendriya-di-yogena ptrbhtatvd); {MV}bhjanatva which is a vessel;

which is an environment {C}one who has
become a fit vessel
snod du gyur pa {C}bhjan-bhta
covetousness
brnab sems can du {C}
(=pautara-raddhendriya-di-yogena ptrbhtatvd); {C}bhjana; {MV}bhjanatva which
snod du ma gyur pa nyid {MSA}
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {MSA}
bhjana-loka world of environment; worldly

environment {C}the world which forms the
environment of living beings
snod chus bkang ba
is a vessel; which is an environment {C}one

who has become a fit vessel
abhidhylu {C}covetous
445
bsnan pa {C}utkepa
Padmasambhava
{C}adding
pad byung yab yum
something
bsnan pa dang dbri ba med
{PH}
Padmasambhava and consort
pa {C}anutkepoprakepa {C}to add nothing

and to substract nothing
pad ma padma; {L}rakta lotus [specifically
{C}prakepa {C}adding something; without

subtracting
padma gar dbang
bsnan pa med pa {C}aprakepat;

bsnam
nelumbium speciosum or nymphaea alba];

ruby{D1}
Avalokitevara / Hayagriva
bsnam/
snom/ bsnams/ snoms/ carry; brandish; take up;

add
bsnams
bsnam/
snom/ bsnams/ snoms/ carry; take up; grasp;

brandish; add
bsnams pa carry; take up; grasp;
pa chen bsod nams
bsnun pa {MSA}prahan (?) focusing on
brags pa Pa-chen S-nam-drag-pa; [14781554]; textbook author for the Lo-sel-ling

College of Dre-pung University
(?)
pai ta {PH}paita
paita {PH}paita
pa zhwa [paita-hat]; scholars hat
{PH}scrollwork patterns
(volutes)
pa pha father
pa la ba {PH}Parthian (i.e. Bactrian)
pa la sha {BMH} pala {PH}pala tree
pa la shai me tog {BMH} pala
{PH}paitas hat; scholars hat
pan zhwa {PH}paitas hat; scholars hat

pan zhwa rna ring {PH}paitas hat;
scholars hat
pa zhe [paita-hat]; scholars hat

par gya praj {PH}wisdom [arch.
{PH}pala flower
pa lags father {hon.}

pa sangs friday
pags pa skin
pags pa; lus sparana skin; body
pang lap
pad padma lotus
padma byung gnas {PH}
padma bsnams {PH}Padmapi

pad mai ra ga padma-rakta ruby
pa paita
pan chen gyi yig cha {PH}
textbooks of Pa-chen [So-nam-drak-ba]
brandish; add{Gn-chok}
pa father
pa a ri mo
{PH}
spelling]
par bya [future tense marker]

par byas [past tense markerauxilliary
verb]
par byed [present tense marker

auxilliary verb]
446
pi bang
pi wang/ {L}v an
dpag m fathom; measure; limit

dpag tu med {MV}aparima;
Indian lute with seven strings
pi wang
pi bang/ {L}v an
{MV}aprameyatva; {MV}ameya limitless;

immeasurable
Indian lute with seven strings
pu gu child; children
dpag tu med pa {C,L,MSA}
pu ti book
aprameya; {C,MV}aparima; {C,MSA}aparimita
{C}(=amita); {C}amita; {MSA}amit; {MSA}
pu li ball{D1}
aprama; {MSA,MV}ameya; {MV}aprameyatva
pu li si police
[measure-as-not exist]; limitless; immeasurable
{C}countless; measureless; quite measureless;
pur rgyal pretapur{Das} kingdom of the
infinite; illimitable; innumerable; unlimited;
dead [an epithet of Tibet]
magnificent
pus {PH}knee
pus mo g.yas pai lha nga
dpag tu med pa nyid {MSA}
pus moi lha nga {C}jnu-maala
dpag tu med tshad med pa
aprameyatva limitlessness; immeasurability
{Toh. 16} ??? dakina jnu-maala {PH}bent

right knee
{C}knee(s); knee-cap
pus og {PH}lower edge of the knee

po ti pod volume; book
po li ball
pod po ti volume; book
padma padma lotus [specifically nelumbium
speciosum or nymphaea alba]; ruby {PH}lotus
padma {C}padma lotus [transliteration of
{C}aparima limitless; immeasurable
dpag tu yod pa {MSA}parimita

measurable
dpag du med pai dus {MSA}
aprameya ... kla limitless time; immeasurable

time
dpag pa {L}m measure; limit; fathom

dpag med {MSA}aprameya; {MSA}ameya
dpag med par {MSA}ameya-ga

limitlessly {T}
dpag med yon
padma dkar po Padma-kar-po (15271592), a Ka-gyu (bka rgyud) scholar
padmai ngang tshul [The one who
is] the nature of the Lotus (Kamalashla) {PH}

[The one who is] the nature of the Lotus [epith. of
Kamalala]
{MSA}vastu ... aprameya limitless thing
limitless; immeasurable
the Sanskrit word, padma] {PH}lotus {C}

pink lotus specifically nelumbium speciosum or
nymphaea alba
padma ral {L}padmarga ruby

pra sen {PH}mirror divination
dpag tu med pai dngos po
tan tshogs phel {MSA}gua-gaa-vddhi ...

aprameya limitless increase in the collection of
good qualities {T}
dpag med ring ba {MSA} aprameya;

{MSA}ameya {PH}immeasurably long
dpag gzhi *anumna-raya basis of

inference
447
dpag bsam gyi sdong po
{C}r-vatsa [glory-of-calf] endless knot {C}
the rvatsa sign
{LCh}kalpa-vka [measure-think-of-trunk];
wish-granting tree
dpag bsam gyi shing {LCh}
dpal gyi bsam yas

lhun gyis grub pa {PH}Samye Hlun-gyi-druppa [Temple] (spontaneous fulfillment of limitless
aspirations)
kalpa-vka [measure-think-of-trunk]; wishgranting tree
dpang skong phyag brgya pa
dpal mgrin {Tomabechi} rkaha
*skipramudraka {PH}One Hundred

Homages for Mending Transgressions (D 267)
{PH}rkaha
dpa {C}ra; {C}dhra hero; intrepid
person {PH}hero {C}heroic spirit; courageous;

steadily wise
dpa bar
dpal ldan rgyu skar gyi

dpal nag po {PH}r Ka
dpal beu {PH}endless knot
dpal brtsegs rgyal po {C}
nma samdhi going-as-a-hero meditative

stabilization
dpa bo {LCh}vra; {LCh}ra; {C}dhra
rka-rja {PH}rka-rja
hero; intrepid person; Shra {PH}hero;
dpal bsam yas
intrepid person {C}courageous; steadily wise;

heroic spirit mkhas mchog dpa
bo the excellent scholar ra
lhun gyis grub pa {PH}Samye Hlun-gyi-druppa [Temple] (spontaneous fulfillment of limitless

aspirations)
dpa bo rdo rje [hero-vajra]; Pa-wo-
dpung {MSA}bala army; power; might

dpung gi tshogs {PH}armies; forces
dpung gi tshogs yan
dor-jay [p.n. of a lama]
dpa bor gro ba {C}ragama

{C}heroic valor
dpa zhing rtul phod
lag bzhi pa {MSA}catur-aga-bala-kya four

limbs of an army
skyes bu mang {C} bahu-ra-vr {C}many

heroic champions
dpung gnyen {C}paryaa; {C}araa
dpa rlabs waves

dpar {PH}page
defender {C}final relief; refuge
dpung bu army{S}
dpung tshogs {C}bala-kya
There were yellow printed lines laid out on the

page. {GCG} p.17
armies; forces {C}army
dpal {C}riyas; {MSA}r; dh (=riy?)
{PH}
dpung
glorious; glory; fortune; luck {PH}ensignia;

banner {C}majesty
possessing]; glorious
mchod rten Glorious Stpa of the Constellations
gro ba zhes bya bai ting nge dzin

gzung dzin bzung zungs ragamo
dpal gyi khab {Ship 64b.2}

dpal gyi beu dpal beu/
dpal ldan {LCh}rmat [glory-
bzang gis zhus pa zhes bya bai rgyud subhuparipcch-tantra Questions of Subhu Tantra
dpe {LCh,C,L}upam; {LCh,MSA,MV}dnta;

{MV}udhti; {MSA}upama; {MSA}aupamya
448
example {C}similarity; similar to; simile
dei nang du bod dpe bris
dpe khrid textual instruction

dpe mkhyud {MSA}mui fist
dpe dngos actual example[BJ 20.4]
dpe cha book [Tibetan style]
dpe nyi shu rtsa gnyis {MSA}
ma mang po yang dug; Inside that [box], there

were many Tibetan manuscripts as well. {GCG} p.
17
dpe ma {PH}exemplary
dpe mar me {MV}taila-pradyota-dnta
the example, a butter lamp, {T}
dvviaty-upama twenty-two examples
dpe nyer jal {GD:681,714} upamna

{GD:681} analogy; {GD:714} comparison
dpe nyer jal gyi rjes
ston bstand stond {LCh}drntika Exemplifier

[either Sautrntika or a school of Sautrntika]
dpe thung
{PH}short folio
chos nyid rnam byed dpe
thung shog bur bris; [Both] The Differentiation

Of Phenomena And Reality and The Ornament For
Clear Realizations are written on short paper folios.
{GCG} p. 16
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord mode/way
{PH}book
dpe ldeb kyi shog bu sen mo tsam du
bkog; [They] have torn the page of a book into
little pieces. {GCG} p. 17
dpe mdzod pa {PH}librarian

dpe rdzi {PH}index; register
dpe gzhan {C}nidarana other example
{C}definte statement; definition
dpe
ri mo mkhan {MV}citrakaradnta the example, an artist, {T}
dpe ring
{PH}long folio; long text

dpe ring lnga; [It has] five long folios.
valid cognizer based upon an example
dpe nam mkha {MV}ka-dnta

the example, space, {T}
dpe byad {C,MV}vyajana beauty; [80]
signs [of a Buddha or cakravartin] {C}letter;

verbal expression; minor characteristic; method
dpe byad bzang po {C,MV,MSA}

anuvyajana {C}minor characteristic
incomparable
dpe ris {PH}diagram

dpe la brten gyi tshad ma
dpe ldeb
{PH}manuscript
{C}
{GCG} p. 16
of associating the example and the meaning

exemplified
dpe bris ma
dpe med pa {C}nirupama

by a mere example
bstan
dpe don sbyor tshul
without an equivalent {T}; unparalleled {SW}
dpe tsam gyis {MSA}dnta-mtrt
dpag {PH}inference through example; inference

through analogy
dpe ston pa
dpe med {MSA}apratima; {MSA}nirupama
449
dpe la brten te rigs pas
{MV}dnta-sannirayea yukty through

reasons depending on examples {T}
dpe shing gnyis las
me byung ba byung byung

byung byung {MV}kha-dvaygni-dnta the
example of fire arising from [rubbing] two sticks
{T}
dpei che ba nyid {MSA}aupamyamhtmya greatness of the example
dpei chos {MSA}dnta-dharma
dpyad jog analytical and stabilizing
phenomenon that is an example; {T}
[meditation]
dpyad pa {LCh}vicra; {MSA}upabhoga
exemplatory phenomena ?
dpei don {MSA}aupamyrtha meaning
(=spyad pa?) analyze; investigate; examine; cut;

cutting{BJ 11.1}; analysis; discrimination
of the example
dpei od gsal metaphoric clear
dpyad pa dang {C}carita-vicarita
light {PH}metaphoric clear light
dpei ye shes metaphoric pristine
dpyad pai tshe searching investigation
wisdom
dper brjod pa
{GD:520}; examine {GD:576}
dpyad mi bzod pa
brjod
bzod bzod bzod bzod cannot withstand/

bear analysis
rjod brjod rjod (ud- h): {MSA}udharati;

{MSA}udharaa expressed as an example;
stated as an example
dpyad gzhi {PH}reference; data

dpyad bzod [able to] withstand/bear
dper na for example

dper na ... lta buo {MV.II.daa-k}
analysis
dpyad shes *paricchinnajna
tadyath you should see ... for example
dper mdzad nas {C}upam ktv
subsequent cognizer; investigating cognition

{GD:649}; subsequent cognition
having given an example
dper gsol bar {C}
dpyad shes don mthun factually
aupamyodharaam {C}a simile or example
concordant subsequent cognizer
dpon po {PH}headman; chief

dpya {PH}tax; rent
dpya ba {PH}tax; rent
dpyad dpyad/
dpyad gsum gyis dag pa
purified by the three analyses [i.e. free from the

three contradictions]{BJ 10.4}
dpyad gsum gyis
dag pai lung scriptures that are purified

by the three analyses [i.e. free from the three
contradictions]{BJ 10.4}
dpyod/ dpyad/ dpyod/ analyze; investigate;

examine; cut; cutting; analysis{BJ 10.3};
discrimination
dpyad rgyu to be examined/analyzed; that

which is to be examined/analyzed
dpyad sgom

bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms [analyze-meditate];
analytical meditation
dpyad sgom gyi sgom

byung gi rtogs pa bsgom
sgom bsgoms sgoms realizational consciousness
that is a state arisen from analytical meditation
{C}
futile considerations
450
dpyid spring
{PH}spring; springtime
The time [of
the seasons] mid-winter, late-winter, and spring

increases gradually with each minute, second,
and instant. {A4C-C}
dpyid ka spring {PH}spring; springtime

dpyid kai dus {C}vasanta {PH}
spring; springtime {C}spring
dpyid kyi thig le the drop of
analysis; analytical meditative stabilization
dpral ba {C}lala forehead
spring{TGP 68}
dpyid dus {PH}spring; springtime

dpyid dpal {PH}glory of springtime
dpyid zlar pa {PH}[first month of
lpags {L}tvak skin; hide; bark; name of a

river
lpags pa {C}chavi {C}skin

lpags pa gser mdog {C}
Spring]
dpyid bzang la {C}suvasanti
{C}in
beautiful spring
dpyis {PH}finally
dpyod
suvara-vara {C}golden (color); (his skin has)

golden hue
dpyad/
dpyod/ dpyad/ dpyod/ vicra; {C}avaghate

analyze; investigate; examine; cut; cutting;
analysis; discrimination{BJ} {C}plunges (into)
dpyod ldan rnams those having
spa bkong bar byed {C}dhymkaroti {C}eclipses
spa gro mon
{PH}Pa-tro [in the district of]
Mn [near Bhutan]
spa ba {C}avanaddha {C}joined; contained

spang spang spong spangs
discrimination
dpyod pa {LCh,C,MSA,MV}vicra;
spongs {C}harati; {MSA}pratikepa; {MSA}vivsa

abandon; give up; eliminate; dispel; dispell; set
aside {C}take away; remove; kills
{MSA,MV}vicraa; {MSA,MV}vicra; {C}

vyupaparkaa (=adhivsanat); {MSA,MV}
mms analysis; analyze; investigate;
examine; cut; cutting; discrimination {C}
discursive thought; testing; ability to tolerate
spang kong phyag brgya pa
*skipramudraka {PH}One Hundred

Homages for Mending Transgressions (D 267)
dpyod pa can {MV}mmsaka
spang gnyen gyi dod tshul
Mmsaka
spang spong spangs spongs the

mode of assertion of [objects of] abandonment
and antidotes{PGP 68} {PH}mode of assertion
of [objects of] abandonment and antidotes
dpyod pa pa mmsaka Mmsaka

dpyod pa ba {LCh}Mmsaka;
mmsaka Mmsa; Analyzers; Ritualists
spang pa
dpyod pa ma mchis {L}avicra
spang spong
spangs spongs praha abandon
non-discrimination; without analysis; noninvestigation
dpyod pa tsam {L}vicra-mtra mere
analysis; mere discrimination; mere investigation
dpyod pa yid byed
mmsmanaskra mental contemplation of

analysis
dpyod pai ting nge dzin
mms-samdhi meditative stabilization of
{C}
forehead
451
spang phyir brtson grus
spang spong spangs spongs {MV}
apyya-vrya effort for the sake of abandoment

{T}
spang ba
spang spong
spangs spongs {L,MSA,MV,C}praha {C}

(=pradhna); {C}anutpdayati (=pthak karoti);
{C}utsarga (=tyajanam); {MSA}ayoga; {MV}
prahan-; {MV}varjana; {MSA}vipravsa; {C}
utpayati (=prahtu) abandon; give up;
eliminate; dispel {C}forsaking; forsaken;
effort(s); instruction; prevent from ever recurring;
letting go; abandoning; tear out
spang ba chen po great abandonment

spang ba dang bcas pa
savipravs together with abandonment; having

abandonment {T}
spang ba med pa

spang spong spangs spongs {MSA}avipravsa;
{MSA}avivsa non-abandonment; not giving up
spang bar bya
spang
spong spangs spongs {C,MV}prahtavya;

{MV}praha; {MSA}(ut sj): utsjet; {MSA}
parivarjanya; {MSA}praheya; {MV}heya; {MSA}
yang dag spang bar bya = saparivarjanya will
abandon; object of abandonment {C}should be
forsaken
spang bar bya ba
spang spong spangs spongs {MSA}(ut sj):

utsjet; {MSA}parivarjanya; {MV}praha;
{MSA}praheya; {MV}prahtavya; {MV}heya will
abandon; object of abandonment
abandonment {C}all kinds of forsaking are

equal (in value and kind)
spang bar bya ba dang

spong bar byed pa spang spong
spangs spongs {MV}praheya-praha object of
abandonment and abandoner
spang spong spangs spongs {C}anutsarga
non-abandoning; non-abandonment {C}refusal

to relinquish
spang spong
spangs spongs {MSA}hna (e.g.: {MSA}jeyavaraa-hna; {MSA}heya); prahtavya object of

abandonment; will abandon
pa {PH}the conceptions which are objects of

abandonment to be abandoned by the path of
meditation
spang bya cig car ba
spang spong spangs spongs simultaneous

objects of abandonment{Gn-chok}
spang bya
cig char bai dgra bcom pai mkhyen pa

spang spong spangs spongs exalted
knower of a Foe Destroyer who has simultaneous
objects of abandonment
spang bya gcig char ba
{PH}
char bai dbang du byas pa

spang spong spangs spongs [paths of release of
a Hearers path of meditation that are] done in
terms of a person who has simultaneous objects
of abandonment
spang bya
spang bya sgom spang rtog
spang bya gcig
{C}praha-samat sameness of objects of
spang bar ma yin pa
dang bcas pa spong bai mthong lam la doms pa

guidance concerning the path of seeing which
abandons the artificial objects of abandonment
as well as their seeds
simultaneous objects of abandonment
spang bar bya ba mnyam pa
spang bya kun btags sa bon
452
spang bya spong tshul
{PH}the
mode of abandoning the objects of abandonment
spang bya rim gyis pa
spang spong spangs spongs gradual

objects of abandonment; a gradualist with
respect to objects of abandonment[Gn-chok]
spang bya
rim gyis pai dgra bcom pai mkhyen pa
spang spong spangs spongs exalted
knower of a Foe Destroyer who has gradual
objects of abandonment
spang bya rim
gyis pai dbang du byas pa

spang spong spangs spongs [paths of release of
a Hearers path of meditation that are] done in
terms of a person who has gradual objects of
abandonment
{MSA}vihya pravrajati (pra vraj) to come

forth [as a monk or nun] having abandoned [the
worldly life] ? {T}
spang bya lhan skyes innate object
spangs pa praha abandonment; have
of abandonment
abandoned
spangs pa
spang
spong spangs spongs {LCh,C,MSA,MV}
praha (=pradhna); {MV}parihi; {MV}
vihni; {MSA}hni (e.g.: vipaka-hni); {C}
parihra; {C,MSA,MV}praha; (vi vj): {MSA}
vivarjya; {C,MSA,MV}varjita; {C}parivarjaka;
{C}parivarjana; {MV}varjana; {L}visjya; {MSA}
(kip): kipati; {MSA} abandonment; have
abandoned; abandon; give up; eliminate; dispel
{C}forsaking; forsaken; effort(s); instruction; one
refutes; solution; rid of; get rid of; one who gives
up; avoid
spang bya lhan skyes kyi sa bon spong bai sgom

lam la doms pa guidance concerning the path
of meditation which abandons the seeds of the
innate objects of abandonment
spang byai gtso bo
{PH}main
spang byar rnam rtog ldan

tshul way of having conceptions as objects of
abandonment
spang byed
spang
spong spangs spongs {C}kipati abandoning;
abandoner {C}hurl; shoot; throw; reject; cast
away; move into
spang blang
spangs pa nyid
spang spong
spangs spongs {GD:628} abandonment of what

is not desirable
{PH}turning away from that which is to be
abandoned and engaging in that which is to be
adopted
spang
spong spangs spongs {C}nirgamitv; {C}khipitva;

kipitva; (vj): {C}varjayati; {MSA}varjayitv;
{C}varjana having abandoned; having given
up {C}left behind; cast away; having cast away;
having thrown (away); avoid; turn away from;
removal; absence
spangs pa zung jug

spangs par gyur
spangs spongs {C}varjita; {MSA}(vi h): vihya;

{MSA}hna (e.g.: vipaka-hna); {C}vivarjayati
abandon; give up; eliminate; dispel {C}
avoided; without; having relinquished; avoid; get
rid of; reject
spangs nas rab tu byung ba
abandonment; fulfillment of abandonment
abandonment
spang spong
spangs nas
spangs pa phun tshogs perfect
spang spong spangs spongs union of
spang blang gi jug ldog

spangs

spang spong spangs spongs {MSA}apahatva (e.g.:
hehpahatva) abandonment
453
spang spong spangs spongs {C}utsjati; {C}

pratikipta abandon; give up {C}cast away;
reject; cast off; cast out; come up; let go; (would)
discard; let loose; rejected
spangs pas
spang
spong spangs spongs {MSA}varjya due to

abandonment; through abandonning {T}
spangs pas rab tu phye ba

thoroughly distinguished by having abandoned
...{PGP 70}
spangs bya
spang
spong spangs spongs {MSA}hyin object of

abandonment
spangs byai gtso bo
rgyas phyir spel in order to increase the light of

awareness of those with inferior knowledge
{PH}main
spel ba
spar kha brgyad {PH}eight trigrams

spar gyi bla ma *paramguru {PH}
spel spel speld speld
{MSA}vardhana; {MSA}savardhana spread;
cause to increase; increase; augment
spel mar alternating

spel mar skye ba alternating
teachers teachers
spu {C}roma;{C} roman {C}hair (on the body)

spu gyen du khyil ba {C}
production
spo
rdhvaga-romat hair twisting upward {C}

the hairs on his body point upwards
spo/ spo/ spos/ spos/
move; change location {PH}vicinity; area;
spu spyi bo rtsug gtsug
location lag pa g.yas

g.yon du spo ba bzhin like moving [something]
from [ones] right hand to [ones] left hand {PGP
87} In
the vicinity of Bodhgaya, he became directly and
perfectly enlightened. {Gn}
dang ldan pa {C}ua-iraskat {C}there is a

cowl on his head
spu zing zhes byed par
gyur ba {C}roma-haro bhavati {C}his hair

stands on end; makes his hair stand on end
spo tho {PH}earthen mound; grassy knoll

spong spang spong spangs
spu re re nas
g.yas phyogs su khyil pa {C}ekaika-pradakiavarttya-romat {C}the hairs on his body stand

separately by themselves and curl to the right
spongs {MV}praha; {C,L}hna; {C}pratikroati

(=apriya-abhidhnt); {C}pratikipati; {C}vijhati;
{MSA}klia-vitarka-varjan; {MV}pratikepa
abandon; eliminate; give up; dispel{BJ 36.4}
{C}reviles; reject; rejects; quits; forsaking; loss
spu long goose bumps

spu long byed to cause goose bumps
spong gyur spang
spu shad rtse mo {PH}tip of one hair
spong spangs spongs {C}kipati abandon;
spun {PH}weaving thread (weft; abbr. of _spun
eliminate; give up; dispel {C}hurl; throw;
thag_)
discard; shoot; reject; cast away; move in to
spun zla
spong du med pai
{PH}elders
sri zhu dang brtsi jog;
gal bar shes spang spong

spangs spongs know this as an undispellable
contradiction{BJ 42.7}
pha mar sri zhu dang spun zlar brtsi jog byed pa;
Showing filial piety and having respect [means]
showing filial piety towards [ones] parents and
having respect for [ones] elders. {TBRC} W20222
spubs {C}koa
sheath
spen pa saturday
spel spel spel speld speld {C}
spang spong
spong ba
spang spong
spangs spongs abandon; eliminate; give up;

dispel; elimination{D2}
{C}storehouse; treasury;
vivddhi increase; augment {C}growth

blo dman rig pai snang ba
spong pa
454
spangs spongs {C,MSA,MV}praha; {MSA}hni;

{L}hna; {MSA}jaha; {C}kept; {MSA}pratikepa;
{C}varjana; {MV,MSA}vivarjana; {MV}tyga;
{MSA}virati; {MSA}vyutthna; {MSA}vyutthpana;
{C}pratikipati abandonment; abandon;
eliminate; give up; dispel; abandonment{N}
{C}rejection; turning away from; removal; absence;
cast off; elimination; rejects
spong ba ni lhag ma mchis
pa spang spong spangs spongs

{C}anavaea-praha abandonment without
remainder
spong bar gyur

spang spong spangs spongs {C}pratykhyti
abandon; eliminate; dispell; give up {C}refuses
spong bar byed
spang spong spangs spongs {C}pratiedhayati

abandon; abandoner; eliminate; dispel; give up
{C}denies
spong ba ni lhag ma dang spong bar byed pa

bcas pa spang spong spangs
spongs {C}svaea-praha abandonment
with remainder
spong bai gang zag
spong byed
spong bai sgrub pa achievings that

are means of abandoning
spong bai thabs efficacious means
of abandoning; means of abandoning; method of

abandoning
spong bai du byed
spang spong spangs spongs {MSA,MV}
praha-saskra {MV}(e.g.: spong bai du byed

brgyad bsgom pa = aa-praha-saskra)
compositional factors that are abandonned; {T}
compositional factors that are to be abandonned
?
pratykhyna-nimitta sign of abandonment

{C}sign of refusal
spong bai yan lag
spongs praha abandon; eliminate; give up;

dispel; abandonment
spongs pa
spang
spong spangs spongs {MSA}(prati kip):
pratikipati abandon; eliminate; give up; dispel;
abandonment
spobs pa {LCh,C,MSA,L}pratibhna {C}
(=pratibhsa); {C}pratibhti; {C}pratibhnat;

{C}pratibhnam utpadyate prowess; courage
{C}inspired speech; revealing; inspiration;
readiness of speech; understanding; (flash of)
insight; flash of ideas; ready speech; intelligibility;
intelligible speech; flashes into my mind; inspire; it
is clear; is intelligible; may you make clear; it bec
utpadyate (=te pratibhnam utpannam) {C}
understand; you have been inspired by
spobs pa nges pa {C}pratibhna
prhikga limb of abandonment
definite inspiration; definite courage
spobs pa dang ldan pa {C}
spang spong spangs spongs {MV}praha-mrga

path of abandonment
pratibhnavat courageous; inspired
spong bar bgyid pa {C}nirvhaka
spobs pa mi
(=nako) abandon; eliminate; dispell; give up

{C}remove
spong tshul {PH}mode of abandonment

spongs spang spong spangs
spobs pa skye ba {C}pratibhnam
spong bai lam
spang spong
spangs spongs abandoner
pratikept ... pudgala person who abandons
spong bai mtshan ma

spang spong spangs spongs {MV}praha; {MV}
prahvhana abandon; abandoner; eliminate;
dispel; give up
chod pa; spobs pa ma tshod pa {C}ancchedyapratibhna courage not cut off; inspiration
455
spyad pa spyod pa na
not cut off {C}with his inspired speech never

interrupted

spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}prayujyate (=ghaate
vyyacchate) when one practices {C}makes
efforts; exert oneself
spobs pa mi tshod pa {C}
ancchedya-pratibhna courage not cut off;

inspiration not cut off {C}with his inspired
speech never interrupted
spyad par gyur pa
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}caritvin
spobs pa med pa {C}apratibhna
practitioner; enjoyer; performer one who has

coursed/traversed; has been in the habit of coursing/
traversing; (one who has) practiced
not courageous; uninspired {C}intractable by

speech
spobs par gyur ba
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}pratibhti be

courageous; inspired
spobs par byed pa {C}pratibhti
spyad par bya ba yin no
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}caritavant
practice; enjoy; make use of; perform {C}one

who practices
spos {LCh}gandha; {LCh}dhpa; {C}cra
spyad bya {PH}objects of use

spyan {MSA}caku; {C,MSA}cakus; {C}netri;
spos kyi glang po {C}gandhahastin
spyan dkar nag byes pa {C}
be courageous; inspired
incense; perfume {PH}incense {C}(aromatic)

powder; medicinal powder
Gandhahastin [p.n. of a Bodhisattva]
abhinla-netrat {C}his eyes are intensely black
spyang dug pa {PH}wolfsbane

spyang po clever{D1}
spyangs pa {L}avalambana depend on;
spyan lnga five eyes

spyan snga before the eyes; in the presence
of
spyan snga ru {PU} puratas
hold on to; dependence; support
spyad
spyan sngar [eye-before]; before the eyes;
spyod {C}cariy; {MSA}upabhoga (e.g.:

pratipakopabhoga); {MSA}bhoga practice;
enjoy; make use of; perform
in the presence of
spyad spyod spyad
spyod {C}cary; {C}cro; {L}bhoga; {C}crik;

{MSA}carita (e.g.: sabhra-carita); {MV}
upayoga practice; enjoy; make use of; perform
{C}course; coursing; conduct; traverse; traversing;
has observed; enjoy; eat; possession; taste; wealth;
pleasure; pilgrimage; journey
spyad pa rnam sbyong gi
dmigs pa spyad spyod spyad spyod

caritaviodanlambana object of observation
for purifying behavior
{PH}in the
presence (of)
spyad spyod spyad
spyad pa
{C}nayana; {C}kaa eye; eye{hon.} {C}

looking upon
456
spyan drang
drang / dren/ drangs/ drongs sam drend/
invite
spyan drangs

invite
spyan drongs

invite
spyan dren
drang dren drangs drongs/drend invite
spyan ldan {Negi} cakumn; locana
{PH}[Dharma-] sight; endowed with the eye [of the

Dharma]
spyan rdzi eyelashes

spyan rdzi ba {C}pakma-netra
(1) type generality; (2) meaning generality; (3)

collection generality
spyi kho na only generality; {T} generalityonly
spyi dngos po ba real universal
{C}eye-
{GD:403}
lash
spyan ras gzigs {LCh}
avalokitevara Avalokiteshvara [p.n. of the

Buddha of compassion]
spyan ras gzigs kyi dbang

po {C} avalokitevara {PH}Avalokitevara
spyan ras gzigs kyi
spyi brtol {Das} dhu {PH}shameless

spyi brtol can {PH}vanity; vain;
shameless
spyi mthun {PH}general welfare

spyi dang bye brag smnya-viea
generality and particular
dbang phyug spyan

ras gzigs dbang phyug {L}avalokitevara
Avalokiteshvara [p.n. of the Buddha of
compassion]
spyi don artha-smnya general meaning

commentary; general meaning (textbook)
spyan ras gzigs brtul
zhugs zhug jug zhugs zhugs

avalokitavrata Avalokitavrata (? - ?)
spyan ras gzigs dbang

phyug spyan ras
gzigs kyi dbang phyug {C}avalokitevara
Avalokiteshvara [p.n. of the Buddha of
compassion]; Avalokiteshvara (an alternate
name for Kalk Puarka)
spyi ldog
ldog ldog ldogs
ldogs smnya-vyatireka generality isolate;

general-isolate
spyi bo {LCh}mrdhan crown of the head;
top of the head

mdzub mo gnyis kyi rtse mo sbyar te/
ldog nas spyi bor bzhag pa join the tips of the two
index fingers, turn it upside down, and place it on
the crown of the head {Dor 31b.4/ 246.4}
spyi tso bo prakti Primordial Nature;
spyan ras gzigs
unique and all-inclusive substratum {GD:152}
spyi gtsug {C}mrdhan crown of the
dbang phyug gi ye shes {C}avalokitevara-jna
exalted wisdom of Avalokiteshvara {C}
head; top (of the head) {C}(on his) head;

summits
sovereign cognition which surveys
spyi {LCh,MSA}smnya; pradhna generality; spyi gtso bo {AK} smnya-pradhna

general; all; universal {GD:269} {PH}General
[Principle]
Definitions:
gsal ba la rjes su gro bai chos/ Definition: a
phenomenon which encompasses its manifestations;
a phenomenon which is concomitant with its
manifold individuals {GD:268}
Divisions: dbye ba/

1 rigs spyi/ 2 don spyi/ 3 tshogs spyi/ Divisions:
457
{PH}general principal [Smkhya]
spyi tshogs
{PH}[Tibetan] General
Assembly
spyi tshogs {PH}society

spyi mtshan spyii mtshan
nyid smnyalakaa generally characterized

phenomenon; general character; general
characteristic {GD:112} general defining
property
mi rtag pa la sogs pa thun mong ba ni spyii mtshan
nyid do/ that which is shared, impermanence and
so forth, is their general character. (sdhraa
tvanityatvdika smnyalakaam) [PP, 261.6]`
Definitions:
spyii mtshan nyid
kyi mtshan nyid/ sgra rtog gis btags pa tsam yin gyi rang
mtshan du ma grub pai chos/ Definition of generally
charcterized phenomenon: a phenomenon which

is not established as a specifically characterized
[phenomena], but is merely designated by terms and
conceptuality
spyi rang las nges shing khyad par gzhan
las nges kyi tshad ma direct perceiver that in

general induces ascertainment from itself and in
particular induces ascertainment from another
{GD:740} a cognition which ascertains [the object]
generally by itself and particularly through others
spyin pa dna giving

spyii general
spyii glor gnas pa abiding in
spyii chings general structure pact

spyii phud {L}cika apex; top
spyii mtshan nyid smnyalakaa
general character; generally characterized
phenomenon general characteristic
spyir bshad pa general explanation

spye {PH}distinctive feature
spyo ba {C}paribhate; {C}paribhyate; {C}
kroa {C}reviles; reviled; abuse; revile; scold
spyo ba byas {C}krua {C}abused

spyo bar byed {C} paribhate {C}
reviles
spyo bya
{PH}victim; one who is abused

When the one that
laments is a victim, how is that not contemptable?
{A4C} 1.12cd
spyong practice{S}
spyod spyad spyod spyad spyod
spyod rgyud
spyii
spyad spyod
spyad spyod cary-tantra Performance Tantra
mtshan nyid dang yongs su brtags pai sgo nas

from the point of view of general characteristics
and thorough investigation
spyod mchog {PH}supreme deeds

spyod jug bodhisattva-cary-avatra
ntidevas Engaging in the Bodhisattva Deeds

[P5272, Vol. 99]
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord general

transition{BJ 22.6}
spyod jug
spyir in general
spyir don spyi general meaning
spyad spyod
spyad spyod bodhisattva-cary-avatra

ntidevas Engaging in the Bodhisattva Deeds
[P5272, Vol. 99]
generality
rang las nges shing khyad par gzhan las nges pa

{PH}[a valid cognition] that in general induces
ascertainment from itself and in particular induces
ascertainment from another
cary; {C}(-)carita; {MV}bhoga; {C}vicarati

enjoy; make use of; practice; act out; perform;
behavior; deeds; performance {C}doings;
action(s); who courses; moved by; has coursed; pass
through; explain; wander (about); behave; undo;
course apart from
nang pas sha lnga bdud rtsi lnga la sogs pa spyod
cing the inner ones use the five fleshes, the five
ambrosias and so forth{TSV 68a}
proximity to the generality{LWT-28}
spyii mtshams sbyar
spyir
458
spyod pa
spyad spyod spyad

spyod {LCh,MSA,MV,C}cary; (car): {MSA}
carati; {C}samudcarati; {C}samudcrt; {L,MV}
avacara; {C}carama; {C}caran; {C}caraa(m);
{C,MV,MSA}carati; {C}cari; {C,MSA}(-)carita; {C}
crik; {C,MSA}critra; {MSA}cra; {MSA}crin;
{C}sev; {C,MSA}upabhoga; {C}anub deeds;
behavior{N}; enjoy; make use of; practice; act
out; perform; performance {C}conceptual
proliferation; obstacle; (futile) discoursing;
multiplicity; that which displays; named things;
nurse; commit to; befall; use; credits with;
habitually; tending; use; experiences; inaccessible
to discursive thought; activity; course; coursin
chags bral gyi spyod pa practices
devoid of desire{TGP 69}
pham pa bzhi char la spyod pa the performance of
all four defeats
spyod pa nyams
spyad
spyod spyad spyod {C}chidra-cr corrupt
deeds; degenerate behavior {C}faulty in his
coursing/traversing
spyod pa dang ldan pa
spyod pa bzhi po
spyad
spyod spyad spyod {MSA}cary ... catas the
four deeds; the four behaviors ? {T}
spyod pa la jug pa {C}
pracrayati (=samudcram) engage in deeds;

engage in practice {C}forms (habit); frequents
spyod pai du shes
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}cary-samj

conception of behavior; conceptions about deeds
{C}false notions about the practice
spyod pai phyogs
spyod par gyur pa
spyad spyod spyad spyod {N}cary-paka class

of deeds{N}
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}caritvin deeds;
performance; enjoy; make use of; practice; act
out; perform
spyod par byed
spyad
spyod spyad spyod {C}crik performer;

doer; deeds; performance; enjoy; make use of;
practice; act out; perform
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}critravant

active; having deeds {C}possessing a manner of
acting
spyod par byed pa

acaritvin non-active; not having deeds {C}
one who has not practiced
spyod pas thob pa
dmigs pa spyad spyod spyad spyod

objects of observation for purifying behavior
spyod med
spyod pa dang mi ldan pa
spyod pa rnam sbyang gi

spyod pa rnams
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}avatarati deeds;

behaviors; practices {C}enters (into); descend;
come back to; alight; plunge into; take off; fathoms;
introduces; enter on; go into
spyod pa pa
spyad spyod

spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}(bhuj): bhujate
enjoyer; performer; doer; deeds; performance;
enjoy; make use of; practice; act out; perform

thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}carita-
lbha attain through deeds {T}
spyad spyod
spyad spyod {C}acaraam non-performance;
inactivity {C}no coursing; no traversing
spyod yul
spyad spyod
spyad spyod {C,L,MSA,MV}gocara; {L}viaya

objects in the sphere; object of activity; sphere
of activity; objects of operation; sense objects;
scope {C}range; sphere; ranging
spyod yul can
spyad spyod {C}caraka; mmsaka doer;

performer; Mmsaka {C}sectarian
spyad
spyod spyad spyod {C}gocara having an object

of activity; having a scope
459
spyod yul sna tshogs
sprin dang dra ba {MSA}meghopama
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}vicitra-
cloud-like; similar to a cloud
sprin dang bral bai
gocara various objects of activity
spyod yul ma yin
od zer dra ba can {C}vigatrumarciml

having rays of light and free from clouds
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}agocara no

object of activity; no scope
sprin phung
spyod yul yongs su dag pa

gocara-pariuddhi (e.g.: Gocara-pariuddhi-stra)
very pure object of activity
spyod lam
sprin phro bas mun {C}abhrapaala {C}covering of cloud
sprin med anabhraka Cloudless
spyad spyod
{PH}Cloudless [n. fourth concentration in the

Form Realm]
spyad spyod {C,MSA}ry-patha path of

activity; path of deeds; behavior {PH}path of
activity; observances {C}bearing; postures
sprin med

spyod lam bzhi dang, dul bai
od ldan zla dkhyil yar gyi ngo bzhing no {C}

nbhra-prabha-maalu {C}in the absence of
cloud, a circle of radiant light
nags tshal dang, nags dab nas skyes pai lus dang
ldan pa, He was endowed with a body born of
the jungles of the four observances and monastic
disciplines. {LVS} = 1-02-00087-H96-SID000120
sprin bzhin {C}laghu (=meghu?); {MSA}

meghavat {PH}nimbly; like a cloud {C}
nimbly; swiftly; like a cloud
spyod lam rnam pa bzhi
sprin rum BCA} meghaghana
{PH}dark
cloud
catur-vidham ry-patha four types of paths of

activities; four types of behavior {T} {PH}four
types of observances
sprin la zhon meghavhana/indra/akra

Cloud Mount
spyod lam bzhi {PH}four observances

spyos {C}paribhate {C}reviles
spra adorned with{BJ 35.7}
sprang po beggar
sprang mo {PH}lowly (female) mendicant
spras adorned with{BJ 35.7}
sprin {LCh,C,L,MSA}megha; {C,MSA}abhra
sprin la sogs pas bsgribs

pa {MSA}meghdy-varaa obstructed by
clouds and so forth
spris ma
sprul
{PH}cream; congealed fat
sprul/ sprul/
spruld/ spruld/ {C}nirmita (=manomaya =
nirma) send forth an emanation; emanate;
emanation {PH}snake {C}fictitious; magically
created; magical creation; conjured up by; illusory
magical creation; apparition
cloud
sprin lta bu {MSA}meghopama cloud-
sprul sku nirmakya emanation body;
like; like a cloud
Emanation Body
sprin lta bui sems bskyed
sprul sku
sprul pai sku {LCh}
nirma-kya emanation body; Emanation
mind-generation like cloud
{PH}mass of clouds
masses of clouds of nectar {RY}
460
Body
sprul chen po {MSA}ajagara great
nirmdi emanations and so forth
sprul pai sku {LCh,L,MSA}nirma-
emanation
sprul te {C}nirmiitva; {C}nirmya
kya; {MSA}nairmika ... kya; {MSA}nirmika

Emanation Body
sprul pai gang zag unembodied
emanating {C}having conjured up; magically

created; having conjured up
sprul drar {C,L}nirmu like an
emanation
emanation; emanation-like {C}a magical

creation
sprul nas {C}nirmya having emanated;

emanating {C}magically created; having
conjured up
sprul pa {L,MSA,MV}nirma; {C}nirmita;
{C}nirmitaka; {C}nairmika; {MSA}pratarana;

{C}tathgata-vigraha verb: to send forth an
emanation; emanate.7 noun: emanation {PH}
emanation {C}magical creation; magically
created appearance; a tathgata-frame; fictitious
creature; apparition
sprul pai sbyor
bai thabs kyi las can sbyar sbyor

sbyard sbyord {MSA}nirma-prayogopyakarmaka having the activities of methods
engaging in emanation
send forth an emanation; emanate{hon.} {C}
conjures up
sprul byas {C}nirmieya emanated; sent

forth an emanation {C}would create
body {C}apparition
sprul pa dag gis dga ldan gi gnas
la sogs par skye bar kun tu ston pa

bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}nirmais
tuita-bhavandy-upapatti-sadarana
emanations teach/demonstrate birth in the lands
of The Joyous [Heaven] and so forth {T}
sprul pa don du gnyer ba
{MSA}nirmrthin one seeking emanations {T}
sprul pa rnam pa gsum {MSA}
sprul byas te {C}nirmiitva emanating;

having sent forth an emanation {C}having
conjured up
spreu monkey
spro
spro/ spro/ spros/ spros/
(ut sah): {MSA}utsahante; {MSA}utsahana;
{MSA}utsha elaborate; spread out; spread; go

out; proceed; emit; emanate; diffuse
spro can {MSA}utshin elaborate; spread

out
spro na
tri-vidha ... nirma three kinds of emanation
sprul pa rnams kyis
spro/ spro/ spros/
spros/ if [one] does it out more extensively{VM}
ston par byed pa bstan ston

bstand stond {MSA}nidarik ca nirmai
teaching by emanations
spro ba
spro/ spro/
spros/ spros/ {C,MSA}utsha; (ut sah):
{MSA}utsahante; {MSA}utsahana; {C}utsuku
elaborate; spread out; spread; go out; proceed;
be enthusiastic for {PH}happiness {C}willpower; fortitude; energies; determination; zealous
sprul pa pa {MSA}narimika
emanator; emanation

{MSA}nirma-nidarana definite teaching of
emanations
sprul par mdzad {C}nirmayati
sprul pa sku {C}narimika emanation
sprul pa la sogs pa {MSA}
sprul pai nges par ston pa
461
spro ba skyed par gyur ro
utsha (dadti) will produce elaborations

{C}encourage; fortify; strengthen his determination
spro ba skyes na {C}autsukyam padyate

when [one] generates elaborations {C}makes
great efforts; show/put forth zeal; tries eagerly to
spro ba bskyed pa

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}utsha (dadti)
produce elaborations; elaborate; spread out
{C}encourage; fortify; strengthen his determination
spro ba chung ngu {C}alpotsukat little

elaboration {C}unconcernedness; carefree nonaction
spro ba chung ba {C}manda little
prapacita; {C}prapacan; {MSA}utsha

proliferation; elaboration {C}elaborations;
elaborate; spread out; spread; go out; proceed; futile
discoursing; conceptual proliferation; obstacle(s);
named things; discoursing; multiplicity; that which
delays
spros pa dang
srid par dren pa chad pa

drang dren drangs drongs/drend {C}
chinna-prapaca-bhava-netrik (=suvimukta-cittasuvimukta-prajatvena) severing the connection

to conceptuality and existence {C}their
obstacles annulled; guides through (the world of)
becoming
spros pa rnam par bcad tsam

mere elimination of proliferations/elaborations
spros pa ma mchis pa {C}
elaboration {C}sluggish
spro ba che {MSA}mahotsha great
aprapaca no proliferations/elaborations;
non-proliferation/elaboration {C}unimpeded;
free from all multiplicity; free from conceptual
proliferation
elaboration
spro ba yid la byed pa {MSA}
spros pa med {L}niprapaca; {C}
autsukya-manasikra mental engagement with

respect to elaborations
niprapaca; {C}niprapacya no elaborations;

non-elaboration {C}unimpeded; free from all
multiplicity; free from conceptual proliferation
spro bar {C}utsuku elaborate {C}zealous

spro bar skye bar gyur ro {C} spros pa med pa {C}aprapaca;
autsukyam padyate will generate elaborations
{C}makes great efforts; show/put forth zeal; tries
eagerly to
spro bar bya ba {MSA}protsahana;
{MSA}protshan (e.g.: dna-protshan) object

of elaboration
spro zhing skyo ba med pa {C}atyutsahanat-aparikheda (=utsho-aparikheda)

elaboration and non-aversion {C}the excessive
fortitude; the indefatiguability
spros
spro/ spro/ spros/

spros/ elaborate; spread out; spread; go out;
proceed; extensively
spros pa
spros pa med pa nyid {C}
aprapacat non-elaboration {C}nonobsession
spros pa med pai bdag nyid
{MSA}aprapactmaka nature that is free from

elaboration; nature of non-elaboration
spros par bya ba ma yin pa
{C}aprapacyan no object of elaboration; nonelaboration {C}forms no discursive ideas about
spro/ spro/
spros/ spros/ {LCh,L,MSA}prapaca; {C}
{C}aprapacan; {MSA}niprapaca no
elaborations; non-elaboration {C}unimpeded;
free from all multiplicity; free from conceptual
proliferation; free from impediments; not obsessed;
non-obsession; absence of intellectual multiplicity
462
spros par byed {C}prapacayati
outshines them all; another; foreign; beyond;
further; to the (other) shore; the shore beyond; the
beyond of; beyond
elaboration; elaborate {C}get delayed; has

idle fancies about; cause (a) delay; prolong (their
sojourn in the world)
pha rol gyi {C}prima other; of the
spros bral {N}aprapaca free from
other {T} {C}yonder
pha rol gyi gram {C}prima the
elaborations{N}
spros bral rtogs pai blo
other shore {T} {C}yonder
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs the
awareness which realizes that which is free from

conceptualization{T1178.3}
pha {MSA}pit; {C,MSA}paitka far; father

{PH}beyond; farther {C}ancestral
pha kyi mtshan {MSA}purua-vyajana

sign of a person; sign of a man
pha gi that
pha gir there; over there
pha gcig ma gcig siblings from
{C}
para-dukha suffering of others
pha rol gyi sems
kyi spyod pa shes pa spyad

spyod spyad spyod {C}para-citta-carita-jat
cognition of the minds and actions of others
{C}the knowledge of the thoughts and actions of
others
{C}
boundless
pha mthar son nas having gone to

the far end{LWT 6.2}
pha dang dra ba {MSA}pit-kalpa
pha rol gyis khong du chud
like [ones] father
par {C}paro jnyt as understood by others

{C}so that others may thoroughly know them
pha pa {L}para other; next

pha ma parents
pha ma gcig siblings from same
pha rol gro {C}pra-gantu; {MSA}praga go to the other side {C}go beyond
pha rol gro ba {MSA}pra-ga go to
parents
pha myes {PH}paternal ancestor(s)

pha tsho those
pha rol {LCh,C,MSA}para; {C}pra(m)
the other side go beyond
pha rol rgol ba
brgal rgal brgald rgold {C}para-pravdin {C}

counter-arguments; false teacher
(=prakara-gamana); {MV}parea; {MSA}amutra;

{MSA}pra; {C}tru far side; other(s); next;
the other side {C}the other; supreme; utmost;
pha rol gyi sdug bsngal {MSA}

paropakramita damage by others {C}attacks
by others (e.g.: na parasya raddhay gacchati,
he does not go by someone else whom he puts
his trust in = pratytma-vedya-prasda-lbhn na
parapraeyo bhavati)
boundless
pha mtha yas {C}anantapra
phyir mi brang ba {C}paropakramita damage

by others; {T} not following because of faith in
the others ? attacks by others
pha rol gyi gnod pa {C}
same parents
pha mtha med {C}anantapra
pha rol gyi cha para-bhga far part

pha rol gyi dad pai
463
pha rol tu {MSA}paratra otherwise; {T}

to the other side
pha rol tu gro bar dod pa
the sign of attaining the perfections
pha rol tu phyin pa dang
{C}pragantu-kma desire to go to the other

side {C}who wants to go to the beyond
pha rol tu groo {C}pra gacchati
go to the other side {C}go to the Beyond; to go

beyond
pha rol tu phyin {MSA}pra-ga

perfect
pha rol tu phyin pa sgom pa
pha rol tu phyin pa
dang ldan pa {MSA}pramit-pratisayukta

connected with the perfections; having the
perfections
pha rol tu phyin pa drug {MSA}
a-pramit the six perfections
pha rol tu
{MSA}pramit-bhvan cultivate perfection;
meditation on the perfections
phyin pa drug gi spyod pa spyad pa yin pa

spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}apramit-cra practice the six perfections for a
long time
pha rol tu phyin pa sgrub pa

sgrubs {MSA}pramit-pratipatti achieve the
perfections
pha rol tu phyin pa drug pa
pha
{MSA}a ... pramit the six perfections; {T}

the sixth perfection [i.e., wisdom]
rol tu phyin pa nges pai sa la gnas pa thob pa

thob/thob thob thob
thobs {MSA}pramit-niyata-bhmy-avasthlbha attain abiding in the ground of definite
perfection
pha rol tu phyin pa drug po
{MSA}a-pramit the sixth perfection [i.e. the

perfection of wisdom]; {T} all six perfections
pha rol tu phyin
pha rol
pa drug yongs su rdzogs pa

rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {MSA}a-pramitparipri thoroughly complete/fulfill the six
perfections
tu phyin pa mngon par sgrub pai snying rje

sgrubs {MSA}pramitbhinirhra-karu the
perfection of manifestly established compassion;
compassion that is perfected in terms of being
manifestly established
pha rol tu phyin pa rnams kyi rten du gyur pa byang

chub kyi sems {MSA}pramitn sanirayabhta bodhi-citta the mind of enlightenment
that is based upon the perfections
pha rol tu phyin pa bcu

bsgrub pa bsgrub sgrub
bsgrubs sgrubs {MV}daa-pramit the ten
perfections
pha rol tu phyin pa ston pa

pramit-dean teach the perfections; teaching
concerning the perfections
pha rol tu phyin pa thob

pai rtags thob/thob
thob thob thobs {MSA}pramit-lbha-liga
mthun pa {MSA}pramitnuklya concordant

with the perfections; concordance with the
perfections
464
pha rol tu phyin pa
rnams kyi rigs {MSA}pramitn gotram the

lineage of those [who have] the perfections
pha rol
tu phyin pa rnams la sgrub pai dun pa

{MSA}pramit-pratipatti-chanda aspiration for
completion with respect to the perfections
pha rol tu
prabheda-sagraha collection which divides the

perfections
phyin pa rnams la sems mnyam pa nyid {MSA}

sama-cittat ... pramitsu sameness of mind
with respect to the perfections
pha rol tu phyin pa la sgom
tu phyin pa phyin ci ma log par doms pa {MSA}

aviparta-pramitopadea advice regarding nonmistaken [cultivation of] the perfections
pha rol tu phyin pa
pha rol
pha rol tu phyin pa phel
pha rol tu phyin pa sbyin pa dang tshul khrims dang

bzod pa dag {MSA}dna-la-knti-pramit
perfections of giving, ethics, and patience/
forbearance/tolerance/endurance
pha rol tu phyin
pa yang dag par spyod pa spyad

spyod spyad spyod {MSA}pramit-samudcra
thorough practice of the perfections
pha rol
tshul khrims dang bzod pa dag {MSA}dna-laknti-pramit the three perfections of giving,
ethics, and patience/forbearance/tolerance/
endurance
pha rol tu phyin pai skabs

{MSA}pramitdhikra the occasion of the
perfection
pha rol tu phyin pai ngo bo
nyid {MSA}pramit-svabhva entityness of the

perfections
pha rol tu phyin pai spyod pa
tu phyin pa yang dag par len du jug pa {MSA}

pramit-samdpan thorough engagement in
the perfections

pramit-cary practice of the perfections
pha rol tu phyin
pha rol tu phyin
pa yongs su sgrub pa
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}pramitparinipdana thorough establishment of the
perfections
pai rang bzhing gyi dge ba {MSA}pramit-maya

... kuala virtue of the nature of the perfections
pha rol tu phyin pa
pha rol tu phyin pai bslab pa thams cad kyi pha rol
tu phyin pa {C}sarva-ik-pramit perfection
of all learners; perfection of all learning {C}
perfection of all training
yongs su rdzogs pa rdzogs

rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {MSA}pramit-paripri
thoroughly complete/fulfill the perfections
pha rol tu
phyin pa yongs su rdzogs par bya ba

rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {MSA}
pramit-paripraa thoroughly complete/fulfill
the six perfections
pa rab tu dbye bai bsdu ba {MSA}pramit-
la sogs pa dge ba {MSA}pramitdi ... kuala

virtues, the perfections and so forth
pha rol tu phyin pa gsum po sbyin pa dang
ba {MSA}pramit-vddhi increase of the

perfections
pha rol tu phyin

sgoms {MSA}pramitbhysa meditation on the
perfections
465
pha rol tu phyin par {C}pra

gacchati perfect; perfectly {C}go to the
Beyond; to go beyond
pha rol tu phyin pa; phar
phyin phar phyin {C,L,MSA,MV}

pramit; {C}pra(m); {MSA}pra-gamana
[other side-to-went]; perfection; that which has
gone beyond {C}transcendent action
phag pa pig
phag mo gzhung drug
pha rol tu phyin pa; phar

phyin pramit perfection
pha rol tu song bas na
song song song song {C}pragata
treatises on Vrh
because of going to the other side {C}gone
beyond
pha rol gnon pa {C,MSA}par-krama

{C}courageous advance
pha rol phyin {MSA}prami (e.g.:

dhyna-prami) perfection
pha rol phyin gyur cing {C}

prami-gato {C}perfection
pha rol phyin pa {C}pra-gu; {MSA}
yta pra perfect; perfection gone beyond
pha rol phyin la jug pa {MSA}

pramit-pravea engage in the perfections;
enter into the perfections
pha rol ma mchis
phangs sems regret

phan {LCh}hita; {C}upakri-bhta; {C}
moka; {C}sukha help; benefit; be of use {C}

a true benefactor; make subservient to; be used to
benefit others; liberation; freedom; ease; pleasure;
happiness; happily
phan chad {MSA}para; {MSA}yata parea

from here on
phan chad du from here on

phan btags
pai pha rol tu phyin pa {C}apra-pra-gata

(=aprapra-gamanat) perfection which is a
non-perfection; perfection of a non-perfection
{C}his having gone to where there is neither
Beyond nor not-Beyond
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs administer

help; do benefit; help
{PH}
the opposite bank [of a river]

Even these dependently
arisen compositional phenomena, Which arise like
the the opposite bank [of a river] ... {Ngrjuna;
Twenty Verses on the Great Vehicle}
pha rol song la
song
song song song {C}prami-gato {C}perfection
phan thogs

phan dang snying brtser

bcas pa {C}hita-snukampa benevolent and
compassionate {C}pity and concern for the
welfare of others
phan dang snying brtser

ldan pa {C}hita-anukamp benevolent and
compassionate
{PH}wild boar
pa zab mo nges par grel pai mdo rgya cher grel

pa; rgya nag grel chen
bkral grel bkrald greld Extensive Commentary
on the Superior Stra Unraveling the Profound
Thought [by the Korean scholar-monk Wonchuk (612/613-696; Tibetan: rdzogs gsal / wen
tshig / wen tshegs / wanydzeg; Chinese: Yan
tse); P5517, vol. 116]
phang /
phang / phangs/ phangs/ loss; to regret
byung ba byung byung byung

byung {MSA}daa-pramitnvaya arise due to
the ten perfections
phag {PH}hidden
phag rgod wild boar
phags pa dgongs
phangs
pha rol phyin bcui rgyus
pha rol tshu {Lindtner} prvra
{PH}six
466
phan dang bde dod pa {MSA}
sukha-hitaiin desire benefit and pleasure
phan gdags

phan gdags pa

thogs {C}anughtavya will help; will do benefit
{C}should be helped
phan gdags bya
object assisted{D1}; object helped
phan bde byed pa bras bu
{MSA}hita-sukha-kriy-phalatva result of causing

benefit and happiness
phan bdei rgyu {MSA}hita-sukha-
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {MSA,MV}
anugraha; {MSA}anugraha-kt to benefit; help;

administer help
thogs {MSA}anugrahtmaka benefit oneself

{MSA}anugrahecha (sic) desire to help
phan dogs rnam pa gnyis
gdags dogs btags/

brtags thogs {MSA}anugraha ... dvividha two
kinds of help
phan dogs pa
phan dogs bya
phan dogs byed

assister{D2}; helper
phan dogs byed la jug
gdags dogs btags/
brtags thogs {MSA}anugrahe vartati; {MSA}

anugrahe vartate engage as an assister {T}
phan dogs shing
{C}anughti {C}help; favor
phan pa {L,MSA}hita; {C,MSA}upakra;
{C}kta; {MSA}anugraha; {MSA}upakara help;

benefit; be of use {C}bestowal; service; welfare;
help; deed; made; done; kindly action
phan pa bsgrub pa

hitopasahra {C}to provide what is beneficial
ba yin no gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs {C}upakri-bhta
administer help; do benefit; help {C}a true
benefactor; make subservient to; be used to benefit
others
object assisted{D2}
hetut cause of help/benefit and happiness/bliss
phan dogs dod
phan dogs par gyur
gdags dogs btags/

brtags thogs {MSA}anugrhaka benefitter;
helper
hitaya thought of benefit and happiness
phan dogs bdag nyid
brtags thogs {MSA}anugrahe vartati; {MSA}

anugrahe vartate administer help; do benefit;
help
phan dogs par byed pa
phan bde dgongs {MSA}saukhya-
phan dogs
phan dogs par gyur ba
gdags dogs btags/
{C,MSA}anugraha administer help; do benefit;

help {C}favor
phan gdags par bya ba
{L,MSA}upakra; {MSA}upakrin; {MSA}upakara;

{C}upakri-bhta help; administer help; do
benefit bestowal; service; benefit; {C}a true
benefactor; make subservient to; be used to benefit
others
467
phan pa dang bde ba {MSA}hita-
mind interested only in the welfare (of all beings);

with a thought of benevolence; mind which is welldisposed
sukha benefit and happiness
phan pa dang
phan pai bsam pa {MSA}
bde ba la phyin ci ma log pa {MSA}hite ca sukhe

cviparyasta non-mistaken with respect to
benefit and happiness
upakraya; {MSA}hitaya beneficial thought;

helpful thought
phan pai lhag pai bsam
phan pa dang bde bai sems
pa {MSA}hitdhyaya unusually beneficial

thought; particularly benefical thought;
especially helpful thought
{C}hita-sukha-citta (=hita-kp) a mind of

benefit and help {C}a thought which is directed
towards the benefit and ease
phan pa rnam pa lnga {MSA}pacavidhopakra five kinds of benefit
phan pa byed pa {MSA}anugraha-kt
phan par dgongs pa {MSA}
hitaya beneficial thought; helpful thought
phan par dod pa {MSA}hita-kma

helpful wish; desire to help
phan par bya ba {MV}hita will help;
benefitter; helper; serve to benefit; help
phan pa mdzad pa {C}hita-kara
helpful object
phan par byed help

phan par byed pa {MSA}hita
{C}one who brings/bestows benefits
phan pa la jug {MSA}anugrahe

vartati; {MSA}anugrahe vartate engage in
helping
helper; benefactor; helping; benefitting
phan par byed pai thabs
phan pa bsam pa {MSA}upakara ...
{MSA}anugrhaka ... upya; {MSA}upya ...

anugraha-kara methods that serve to benefit
aya thought of benefit; helpful thought
phan pai dgongs pa {MSA}
phan par sems {MSA}hitaya
hitaya thought of benefit; helpful thought
phan pai dngos nyid {C}hita-
helpful mind; beneficial mind
vastutva helpful thing {C}supplying with

beneficial things
phan par sems pa {C}hitaiit;
helpful thing {C}supplying (beings) with

beneficial things
phan phyir {C}hita for the benefit; in
phan pai dngos po {C}hita-vastut
{MSA}hitaya helpful mind; beneficial mind

{C}solicitude
order to benefit {C}welfare; weal; benefit; help
phan pai du shes {MSA}upakara- phan bya ba {MV}hita will benefit; will
saj; {MSA}upakri-saj conception of
benefit; beneficial conception
help; helpful object
phan byed {C}hita-kara; {MSA}upakrin;
phan pai tshig dang ldan pa
{MSA}hita-kara; {MSA}hitdhna helper;

benefactor; benefitting; helping {C}one who
brings/bestows benefits
{C}hita-vacana has beneficial words {C}he

only says what is beneficial
phan pai sems {C}hita-citta helpful phan byed pa {MSA}upakrin; {MSA}

mind; beneficial mind; benificent mind {C}
hita-kara; {MSA}hitdhna helper; benefactor;
468
benefitting; helping
sgo nas mi mthun par gnas pa/ Definition: abiding as
phan byed blo ldan pa {MSA}
not [existing] in common from the point of view of

the one being the eliminator and eliminated
upakri-buddhimat having a helpful awareness
phan tshun {LCh,MSA}anyonya; {C}
parasparam; {C}mitha mutual; mutually{D2}

{PH}opposite sides diffused; to and fro; {C}
one another; common; identical; mutual
That region
of Penpo is located on the opposite side of the same
mountain range as the valley of Lhasa. {GCG}
phan tshun gal ba {N}anyonya-
contradictories
phan tshun mi khrul pa

mutually ineluctable{BJ 74.4}
phan tshun mi mthun {C}paraspara phan tshun
tshogs pa dang mi mthun pa gyur

gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}(anyonyam)
vismagr mutual discordance
phan tshun mnyen {ntideva}
snigdha ... parasparam {PH}mutually agreeable
phan tshun rten brten mutually
phan tshun mtshungs ldan rnam pa
support and supported{BJ 62.3}
phan tshun rten pa mutual
lnga mtshungs kyang yin/ phan tshun skye ba la

gegs mi byed pa yang yin pai gzhi mthun du dmigs
pa/ that which is observed as a common locus
of being associated with the five types of mutual
association and not acting as an obstacle to their
mutual production
dependence; interdependence
phan tshun brtan pa
parasparasabhavana interdependent
phan tshun tha dad mutually

different
phan tshul grogs su {LCh,MSA}
phan tshun dus mnyam rdzas tha dad kyang
mitra mutually compatible
phan mdzad {C}hita-kara benefit;
help; benefactor; helper {C}one who brings/

bestows benefits
yin/ phan tshun skye ba la gegs mi byed pa yang

yin pai gzhi mthun du dmigs pa/ observed as
a common locus between different substantial
entities [established at] the same time and does
not serve as an obstacle to mutual production
phan mdzad brtser ldan {C}hitaanukamp {C}benevolent and compassionate
spang spong spangs spongs {N}
phan bzhed hita-kmy take up the task

of helping
anyonya-parihra-virodha; paraspara-pariharavirodha; paraspara-viruddha; *parasparaparihraviruddha mutual exclusion; contradictory in the

sense of mutual exclusion; mutually exclusive
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rnam bcad yongs gcod kyi
anyonyaparihra mutually exclusive;
viruddha; {C}viruddhaka mutually discordant

{C}mutually conflicting; conflicting
parihara-virodha; {N}paraspara-viruddha;
parasparavirddha contradictories in the sense
of mutual exclusion{N}; mutually contradictory
phan tshun spang gal
phan tshun spangs gal
469
phan bzhed pa {MSA}hita-kmy take

up the task of helping
phan yon {C,MSA,MV,N}anuasa; {MV}
anuasana beneficial; benefit {C}advantage

[a bodhisattva has five, with the attainment of
phal chen sde {BJ 78.5} mahsghika
non-discursive knowledge, which control in all

circumstances]
phan yon gyi yan lag
Mahsghika
*anuasga branch that is a benefit
phan yon che ba {C}mah-anuasa

great benefit {C}of great advantage
phan sems {BCA} hitamsa
{PH}
benevolent intention
phab par gyur pa vea possession
Majority School
phal chen pa mahsghika

Mahsghika
phal cher {C,MSA}pryea; {C}
bhyastvena (=bhulyena); {MSA}bhulyena

mostly; usually; many as a rule; in abundance
phal cher ba most

phal cher mtshungs pa
[by demons]
phab po fall
pham nyes {PH}defeat; failure
pham pa {MSA}parjita conquered;
{PH}
mostly the same [way]
phal pa ordinary
phal mo cher na {PH}for the most part
phas kyi rgol ba
defeated {T}
phar out there{BJ 54.7}

phar gro tshur gro {C}ra-pra
brgal rgal brgald rgold {C,MSA}para-pravdin;

{L}para-vdin; {MSA}para-pravda arguments
by others {C}counter-arguments; false teacher;
false teaching; enemy; opposite side
gacchati go from nearby to far away {C}goes

from this shore to the other shore
phar rgyab na {PH}beyond

phar phyin pha rol tu phyin
phas rgol {C;MSA;VNS} para-pravdin;
{L} para-vdin; {MSA} para-pravda {PH}

arguments by others; false teachings; false teacher
pa {LCh}pramit perfection
phar phyin gyi theg pa pramityna Perfection Vehicle
phar phyin theg pa

phar phyin gyi theg pa pramityna Perfection
Vehicle
phar phyin drug a-pramit
phas pham pas {C}prjik
{C}an
offence deserving expulsion
phi gling
{PH}European
Since [he] was concerned that the
paita was of the European race, ... {GCG}
phu thag chod pa penetrate; decisive

phu thag chod pai lta
[beyond-gone-six]; the six perfections
phar phyin drug po a-pramit
blta lta bltas ltos unerring view; view
[beyond-gone-six]; the six Perfections
which is decisive
phar phyin lhag tshul gyi

khyad par {PH}the feature of a surpassing mode
of perfection
phar shes pa {C}pit-jat (=pitreyat)

{C}honoring father
phal chen sde pa mahsaghika
470
phu dud {Negi} citrkra {PH}variegated

phug {MSA}gahvaraka deep; inner
{GD:486} profound
phug gi khrul rgyu mukhya-
phung poi skye ba dmigs
vibhrama-hetu deep cause of error/mistake
phugs deep; innermost; inner

phung {MSA}skandha aggregate
pa skandhanimittopalambha observation of the

disintegration of the aggregates
{PH}mass;
heap gzugs kyi phung po form
aggregates
phung po {LCh,C,MSA,MV}skandha; {C,L}
skandha-lakaa character of the aggregates{N}
phung poi mtshan ma
dmigs pa skandhanimittopalambha observation

of the signs of the aggregates
ri aggregate; mental and physical aggregates

{PH}mass; heap; totality {C}pile; category;
mass; heap; trunk; shoulder; group; bulk
phung

dbye ba/ 1 gzugs/ 2 tshor ba/
Divisions:
3 du shes/ 4 du byed/ 5 rnam par shes pa/

Divisions: (1) form (rpa); (2) feeling (vedan); (3)
discrimination (saj); (4) compositional factors
(saskra); (5) consciousness (vijna)
phung po lnga pacaskandha five

aggregates
phung po lnga po gang rung la brten nas btags pai

skyes bu gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs a being imputed in
dependence upon any among the five aggregates
phung po thams cad nges par dor ba dang

byung bar dang {C}sarva-upadhi-pratinisarga
definitely reject all aggregates and arisings {C}
rejection of all substrata
phung po yang dag par zad

pa {C}sakaya completely extinguish the
aggregates {C}complete extinction
phung
po lhag ma med pai mya ngan las das pa na yang
{MV}nirupadhiee nirve pi nirva without
remainder
poi lhag ma ma lus pai mya ngan las das pa

{MSA}anupadhiea-nirva nirva without
remainder
phung
poi lhag ma med pai mya ngan las das pa

{MSA}nirupadhiea-nirva nirva without
remainder
phung poi lhag ma med par mya ngan las

da bar mtha thug pa {MSA}anupadhieanirvvasnatva final nirva without
remainder
phung poi skye ba dmigs pa

skandha-vinopalambha observation of the
production of the aggregates
phung gsum possibility{N}; any other
possibility; another category; additional category
phung gsum pa {PH}third category

phud {L}cika apex; summit; top
phun {L}sapad accomplishment;
achievement; possession
phun pa {L}sapad accomplishment;

achievement; possession
phun tshogs {LCh,MSA}sapanna; {C}

sapatti; {MSA}sapad fulfillment; perfect;
marvels; complete; marvelous; sublime;
perfection; marvel; wonders; good things;
excellence {PH}marvels
phung po lhag ma med pai mya ngan las das pai

dbyings {C}anupadhiea-nirva-dhtu the
sphere of nirva without remainder {C}the
realm of Nirva which leaves nothing behind
phung poi mtshan nyid {N}
471
phun yon bcas qualities{BJ 62.6}

phun sum {MSA}sapatti; {MSA}sapad;
phur bu lcog byams pa
rgya mtsho Pur-bu-jog Jam-pa-gya-tsho [18251901]
{MSA}sapanna {PH}marvels
phur bu pa brhaspatya; crvka
phun sum tshogs {MSA}sapatti;
Brhaspatya; Hedonist {T}
{MSA}sapad; {MSA}sapanna marvels;

perfect; complete; marvelous; sublime;
perfection; marvel; wonders; good things
phun sum tshogs pa
{LCh,MSA,MV}sapanna; {C,MSA,MV}sapatti
{C}(=sapad); {C}sapanna (= sampanna);
{C}nipatti (=parinipatti = parinipadyante);
{C,L,MSA}sampad fulfillment; excellent;
marvels; wonders; perfect; complete; marvelous;
sublime; perfection; marvel; good things {C}
accomplishment; attainment; excellent thing;
benefit; possession; achieved; won; fully grown;
(reach) consummation; creation
phur ma cika powder

phul dbul/ bul/ phul/
phuld/ {MSA}reha verb: offer; present; to
give (hon.)7 noun: offering
phul du byung ba
byung byung byung byung {MSA}atiaya; {MSA}

utkara perfect; excellent; marvellous
phul du byung bai khyad
par byung byung byung

byung {MSA}utkara-viea special excellence;
particular perfection
phun sum tshogs pa thob pa phul du byung bai dmigs

{MSA}sapat-prpti attain completion; obtain
marvels
phun sum tshogs
pa la nges par gyur ba gyur

gyurd gyur gyurd {MSA}sapatti-niyatipta
become definite with respect to completion;
become definite with respect to marvels
phun sum tshogs pa lhag pa
phun
sum tshogs pai bde ba dag la ma chags pa nyid

{MSA}sapatti-sukhev asaktat non-attachment
to the marvelous bliss ? {T}
phun sum tshogs par gyur
ba gyur gyurd gyur gyurd

{C}samdhyate; {C}samdhyantm; {C}samdhyati;
{C}samdhyate perfect; complete {C}get
accomplished; foster; succeeds
phul phyin full development

phul ba verb: offer; present; to give (hon.)7
noun: offering
phul byed par gyur bas {C}

agrat(-krayati) {C}cause to achieve the
highest
{MSA}adhika ... sapatti special completion;

special marvels
phur bu thursday
pa dmigs dmigs
dmigs dmigs {MV}prakarlambana object of
observation of perfection
472
phe ring {PH}foreign

phed pa change; changing
phen byed kyi las impelling action
phebs go [past tense stem, to go, come)
(hon.)
pho {MSA}purua person; man
{PH}male

Therefore, out of only ignorance do you think I
[am] male. {A4C} X.1
pho nya messenger
pho dang moi dbang po {MV}
phog pa
phog
phogs/ phog phogs/ {C}vidhyati strike; affect;
touch; give; to bestow; salary {C}hit; pierce
str-puruendriya lord of women and men
pho phra mor gyur zhes
puruestriya {C}to men and women
(=upaghtam); {L}vipad; {L}anaya; {MSA}vighta
{C}ruin; falling away from; poor; poverty;
pai tshe at the time of absorption of male and

female
misfortune; a person who brings misfortune
phongs pa chen po {L}mah-vipad
{PH}male or
great poverty; great misfortune; very poor
phongs pa med pa {MSA}avighta
female sex organs
without loss; without poverty {T}
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}puruestriya

{C}to men and women
{PH}stomach and large intestine
The large intestine
[is] the name of the part [of the body] that is

between the small intestines and the colon, and is
one from among six container-organs that is named
in dependence upon its shape. Gso rig tshigs mdzod
- g.yu thog dgongs rgyan (long ga)
pho long bar
{PH}space between the

stomach and large intestine
phongs par gyur pai las

{MSA}vyasana-savartanya karma an action
which will lead to destitution ?? {T}
phongs par gyur ba
dang mthun pa gyur gyurd

gyur gyurd {C}vyasana (=upaghtam) {C}ruin;
falling away from
phod can {PH}comet

phod phod pa {PH}puffs; clouds; billows
The large intestine [is] the name of
like blue puffs [of smoke]
{YJD}
the part [of the body] that is between the small

intestines and the colon, and is one from among six
container-organs that is named in dependence upon
its shape. Gso rig tshigs mdzod - g.yu thog dgongs
rgyan (long ga)
phog
phog phogs/
phog phogs/ vidhyati strike; affect; touch; give;
to bestow; salary
phong
phongs pa {C,MSA}vyasana {C}
pho mo male and female

pho mo snyoms par jug
pho long
phongs
/ phongs/ phongs/ phongs/ {MSA}vightin;

{MSA,MV}vyasana; {MSA}vighta to become
destitute; destitution ? {T}
capital; royal city
pho mor gyur zhes
phog phogs/
phog phogs/ strike; affect; touch; give; to

bestow; salary
pho bo {PH}stomach
pho brang palace; mansion {PH}Palace
pho brang khor {C}rja-dhn {C}
pho moi mtshan ma
phogs
473
phon thag
{PH}(leather) strap used to tie a
bundle
phya pa
phya pa chos kyi
seng ge {GD:viii,xiii,308} Cha-ba Chs-gyiseng-gay (1109-1169), a Ga-dam-ba writer on

epistemology
phya ris lines on the hands
phyag rgya chen po mah-mudr
phya le ba ta level
phya le ba ma yin pa vita non-
great seal; Great Seal
phyag rgya btab
level
phya legs pa attractive

phya legs pa ma yin pa
pa nye bar bzung bas {C}di-mudr-mudritm

updya {C}on account of their being sealed with
a seal from the beginning
unattractive
phywa smra ba {A4C} niyativdin
{PH}
Fatalist; Proponents of Predetermination

Consequently, the
Fatalists thesis is not false. {A4C} XI.9cd
phyag {LCh,C}pi; {LCh,C}hasta; {C}bhuja;
{C}kara; {C}bhu hand; salutation; reverence;

[honorific particle] {C}arms
bla ma dang mgon pa jam
dpal dbyangs la phyag tshal lo/ I bow down to
the lama and protector Majughoa
zhal gcig phyag gnyis one face and two
hands
phyag gi mthil {C}pi-tala
{C}
palm of the hand
phyag bgyi bai gnas
{PH}sealed with a seal
from the beginning
phyag rgya med pai mthas
{C}di-mudr-mudritm updya {C}on account

of their being sealed with a seal from the beginning
phyag rgya bzhi {N}catur-mudr four

seals{N}
phyag rgyai mdud {PH}knotted seal

phyag rgyai tshig {C}mudr-pada
seal-word
phyag rgyai lha mudr-deva seal deity

phyag rgyas btab par {C}mudrita
{C}sealed
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}namas-
karaya source/object for homage {C}worthy

of homage
phyag bgyi os

bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}namayayati suitable
for homage {C}pay homage to
phyag dngul money (hon.)

phyag dang zhabs kyi mthil
la {C}hasta-pda-tale {C}on the soles of the
feet and on the palms of the hands
phyag dang
zhabs khor loi mtshan dang ldan pa {C}cakraakita-hasta-pda(t) having the sign of a wheel
on hands and feet {C}he has stamped on his
hands and feet lines depicting a wheel
phyag rgya {C}mudr seal
dbye ba/ 1 dus byas
Divisions:
thams cad mi rtag pa/ 2 zag byas thams cad sdug

bsngal ba/ 3 chos thams cad stong zhing bdag
med pa/ 4 mya ngan las das pa zhi zhing dge
ba/ Divisions: [The Four Seals that determine
whether a doctrine is Buddhist are] (1) all produced
phenomena are impermanent; (2) all contaminated
phenomena are miserable; (3) all phenomena are
empty and selfless; (4) nirva is peace and bliss
phyag rgya med
474
phyag dang zhabs dra
bas brel ba {C}jla-hasta-pdat {C}his hands

and feet have webs
phyag dang zhabs
gzhon zhing jam pao {C}mdu-tarua-hastapdat {C}his hands and feet are tender and soft
phyag dang zhabs shin

tu gnas pa {C}supratihita-hasta-pdat {C}
his hands and feet are well-placed
phyag dang zhabs sor fingers
phyag tshal
and toes
phyag dar khrod
{PH}a rubbish heap

og
khang gi phyag dar khrod du phangs pas thams
cad chud zos; Because [they] were thrown into
a rubbish heap in the cellar, all [of the texts] were
wasted. {GCG} p.17
phyag dar khrod pa {C}psa-kulika

{C}one who wears rags taken from a dust-heap
btsal
tshol btsald tshold {LCh}nama; {LCh}vandmi;
{C}namas bow down; pay respect to; bowing
down; homage; salutation; reverence{D1}
phyag tshal bar gyur ro
btsal tshol btsald tshold
{C}namati bow down; pay respect to; bowing

down; homage; salutation; reverence {C}do
homage; pay homage to
phyag tshal bar byed
btsal tshol btsald tshold {C}
phyag bdar sweep; dust

namayayati; {C}namas-karoti bow down; pay
respect
to; bowing down; homage; salutation;
phyag na rdo rje Vajrapi
reverence {C}do homage; pay homage to
phyag na padma {PH}Padmapi
phyag ris {C}lekhat {C}lines of the hand
phyag bya ba os pa {C}vandanya
phyag brla drang por slebs
{C}worthy of being saluted respectfully
pa {C}pau-uru-bhut {C}his arms are long
and powerful
phyag bya ba yin no {C}namas-
phyag las work (hon.)

phyag len practice (hon.)
phyang nge ba flat
phyang nye ba {C}akma
karoti {C}do (pay) homage
phyag bya bai os
{PH}worthy of
homage
phyag bya bar os pa {C}

vandanya {C}worthy of being saluted
respectfully
hang down
phyag bya bar os pa yin {C}
phyan byas {MSA}hita helped; benefitted

phyi phyi/ dbyi/ dbyid/
namas-karaya {C}worthy of homage
phyag byas pa {PH}attendant

phyag bris letter; writing (hon.)
phyis/ phyis/ {LCh,C,MSA,MV}bhya; {C,L}

bahirddh {C}(=bhya); {MSA}bahirdh; {MSA}
bhyaka; {MV}carama (1) external; outside;
outer; generality; (2) wipe; wipe away; erase;
wiping {C}outwardly; on the object-side
{PH}
letter; handwriting; handwritten [text]

rjes mkhas grub la
gnang pai phyag bris zhig tu ... In a letter that
the Foremost [Tsong-kha-pa] gave to Ke-drup, ...
phyi rgol
{GCC} p.14
brgal rgal
brgald rgold prva-paka second party; latter

opponent; correct opponent; full-fledged fullfledged latter party; full-fledged opposing party;
full-fledged other party; full-fledged opponent
{PH}opponent; second party
phyag tshal to bow down; pay respect to

phyag tshod watch (hon.)
phyag mtshan mudr hand sign; hand
phyi rgol ba
brgal
rgal brgald rgold {LCh}prativdin second
symbol
{C}does not
475
phyi nang snod bcud
party; previous thesis [which is being refuted];

opponent
phyi rgol yang dag
{PH}
environment and [its] inhabitants (inner and outer)
brgal rgal brgald rgold correct
opponent; full-fledged second party; full-fledged

latter party; full-fledged opposing party; fullfledged other party; full-fledged opponent; latter
opponent
phyi ngos su {PH}facing outward

phyi stong pa nyid {C}bahirddh-
dbyangs dbyings external expanse of the sky
phyi ma {C,MSA}pacima; {MV,MSA}uttara

later; subsequent; latter; the latter{D2} {C}
future; last; endng with; final
ma phyi
{PH}draft; preliminary version

[He] wrote down the draft [version of the
nyat; {MV}bahirdh-nyat external

emptiness; {T} emptiness of external [objects]
{C}emptiness of the object
phyi mtha {C}apara-antatas
phyi dbugs {PH}external breath

phyi dbyangs; phyi
text]. publishers colophon to Delhi ed. of {YJD}
{C}in/at the
phyi ma rjes mthun bzhi latter

four similitudes
phyi ma phyi ma {L,MSA}uttarottara
end; from where it ends
phyi dang nang gi dngos po
most superior; each following one
phyi ma phyi ma dag {L}uttarottara
{MSA}dhytmika-bhya ... bhva external and

internal thing
phyi dang nang gi bstan pa
most superior; each following one
phyi ma phyi ma bras bu {MV}
{PH}the teachings of Buddhists and Outsiders
phyi dang bye brag smnya-viea
uttarottara-phala highest fruit
phyi ma phyi mai bras bu
generality and particular
phyi dar later dissemination{N}

phyi ma la {L}yatym; {L}amutra in the
phyi dar gyi mkhas pa scholars of
future; there
{MV}uttarottara-phala highest fruit
the later dissemination
phyi don {N}bahirdh-artha; {N}bhya-artha;

bhyrtha external object; external object{N}
phyi don du med do not exist as
phyi mai mu mthar {C}apara-anta-
phyi mig {PH}backwards

phyi mo {N}mtk model

{PH}
Buddhist and non-Buddhist
phyi nang gi chos {C}dhytmika-
bhya-dharma external and internal phenomena
phyi nang stong pa nyid {MV}

adhytma-bahirdh-nyat external and
internal emptiness
of the Four (Medical) Tantras]
koi {C}the limit which is further on
external objects{BJ 21.1}
phyi droi dus {PH}afternoon

phyi nang external and internal
phyi mai rgyud Last Tantra [the fourth
476
phyi mo dang mes po gnyis kyi bdun rgyud tshun

chad kyi bar gyi yvad saptama (-asya Ad.)
mtmahapitmahayugasya (mtpityugasya Ad.)
{C}backwards through seven generations (on
both his fathers and mothers side)
phyi mo bai dbu ma pa mtkmdhyamika model Mdhyamika
phyi bzhin rgyud mar

long btags nas {C}paramparea {C}in (quick)
succession
phyi bzhin du {C}phata; {C}phatas

closely behind{C}
phyi rol pai yongs su smin

pa {MSA}bhya-paripka external ripening;
external maturation {T}
phyi logs subsequent

phyi logs su byung ba
byung byung byung byung subsequent

arising
phyi rabs kyi skyo boi don du phyi shol procrastination; put off
later generation; subsequent generation for
phyi bshol procrastination; put off
the sake of people of later generations
phyi rol {MSA,MV}bhya; {MSA}bahirdh phyin {MSA} -ga (e.g.: pra-ga) passed; went
[past of gro, to go]
outside; external
phyi rol gyi don bahirdhrtha

external objects
phyi rol tu {Cparivhya-bhva externally;

outside {C}expulsion
phyi rol tu gyur te
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}parivhyabhva go outside; external {C}expulsion
{PH}external
objects
phyi rol don gyis stong pa
aviparta; {MSA,MV}aviparyasta; {MSA,MV}

aviparysa; {MV}avipartatva; {MV}aviparyaya
unmistaken; non-inverted; non-erroneous; right;
correct
phyin ci ma log pa
de bzhin nyid {C}avitathat non-mistaken

suchness {C}non-falseness
bhyrthanya emptiness of external objects
phyin ci ma log pai de kho
phyi rol don stong emptiness of
na {MV}aviparysa-tattva non-mistaken reality
phyin ci ma log pai don
external phenomena
phyi rol don du grub
{MSA}avipartrtha non-mistaken meaning;

non-mistaken object
pas stong ba empty of being established as an

external object
snang snang snang snang awareness to

which external objects appear
phyi rol pa {LCh,L}trthika NonBuddhist; Outsider
phyin ci ma log chad {MSA}

phyin ci ma log pa {MSA,MV}
ba {MV}bahirdh-vikepa external distraction

{T}
phyi rol don snang gi blo
{MV}aviparta(tva); {MV}aviparyaya; {MV}

aviparyasta non-mistaken; non-inverted;
non-erroneous; right; correct {C}absence of
contradictory/mistaken/perverted views
aviparta-dean non-mistaken explanation
phyi rol tu rnam par g.yeng

phyi rol don bahirdhrtha
phyin ci ma log {C,MV}aviparysa;
477
phyin ci ma log pai yongs grub dang gyur

med yongs grub non-erroneous thoroughly
established natures and immutable thoroughly
established natures
phyin ci ma log par {N}
mental contemplation
aviparyaya; {N}aviparysa non-erroneously{N}
phyin ci log rjes su brel pa
phyin ci ma log par gyur pa
{MV}viparysnubandha bonds of error
{MV}aviparysa-pariata be non-mistaken;
which is non-mistaken
phyin ci log tu mistakenly;
phyin ci ma log par sgrub
erroneously
phyin ci log tu zhen pa
pa bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs

sgrubs {MSA}avipartnuhna non-mistaken
establishment; establish non-erroneously
erroneous conception
phyin ci ma log pas

yongs su grub pa {MV}aviparysa-parinipatti
thoroughly establish non-mistakenly
nyid {MV}aviparysa-lakaa non-mistaken
characteristic
aviparysa non-mistaken; non-erroneous
phyin ci log med {MV}aviparyasta;
phyin ci log {C,MSA,MV,L}viparysa;
{MV}aviparysa non-mistaken; non-erroneous
phyin ci log med pa {C,MV}
viparyaya; {L}viparta; {MV}viparyasta; {C}[var:

(blo) phyin ci log = viparyasta (buddhayas)]
mistaken; error; erroneous; wrong; inverted;
incorrect {C}contradictory; contradictory view;
perverted view; what can upset; perverted; corrupt;
wayward view; wrong view
aviparyasta; {MV}aviparysa non-mistaken;

non-erroneous {C}uncontradictory; unperverted
phyin ci log gi
gnyen poi snang bai de kho na

snang snang snang snang {MV}aviparysa-dyatattva reality which is the appearance of the
antidote to error {T}
phyin ci log gi gnas ngan

len {MV}viparysa-dauhulya assumptions of
bad erroneous states
phyin ci log gi blo can {L}

viparta-mati having a mistaken awareness
phyin ci log gi mtshan ma
phyin ci log bzhi dang ldan
pa {MSA}catur-viparysnugata possessing the

four errors {T}
phyin ci log las byung ba

viparysa-samutthita arisen from error
phyin chad {C}yatym; {MSA}rdhva
henceforth; since that time; ever since {C}in

future
phyin drug six perfections

phyin na bskal pa las
lhag par {C}rdhvakalpa {C}for up to an aeon
phyin nas {C}prpta having gone; having
{MV}viparysa-nimitta mistaken sign; sign of

error
obtained {C}attained (to); reached
phyin pa {C}gacchati; {C}pratipadya; {MSA}
phyin ci log gi gzhi {MV}
gamana (e.g.: pra-gamana); {MSA}nayana;

{MSA}prpti; {MSA}yta; {MV}saprpti went
[past of gro, to go]; reached {C}goes; go
away/through; walk; come to; journey; the journey
viparysa-nidna; {MV}viparysa ... vastu basis

of error; erroneous basis
byed pa {MV}viparyasta-manaskra mistaken
viparyasta; {C,MV}viparysa; {L}viparta;

viparyaya mistaken; wrong; inverted; incorrect;
erroneous {C}contradictory; perverted
phyin ci log ma yin {MV}
phyin ci ma log mtshan
phyin ci log gi yid la
phyin ci log pa {C,MV,MSA}
478
will bring to; having entered
phyin pa pa {C}nmantika goer
{C}one
who wears a garment made of felt
phyin pai gnas {MV}prpty-avasth

level reached {T}
phyin par {C}adhigamya; {C}anugantu
{C}when he has attained/reached; when they have

reached; to arrive at
phyin par gyur {C}upaiti reached;
went {C}get to; approach; come to; run through;

implies; undergo; bear; admits of
phyin par byed pa {MV}saprpaa

reached; attained
phyin par mi nus could not traverse

phyin ma thag tu as soon as reaching;
immediately/right/just after arriving
phyii rkyen yongs su grub
pa grub grub
grubs/grub grubs {MSA}bhya-pratyaya-siddhi
establish the general conditions; {T} achieve the
external conditions
phyii skad cig ma nyid {MSA}
bhyasya ... kaikatva momentariness of the

external [world] {T}
phyii skye mched drug {MSA}
bhya ... yatana (a-) the six external sources
ba sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord

joining/union with an external seal/consort
phyii bem po bahirdh-kanth external

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ skyes bui
matter
rgyud kyis ma bsdus pai rdul du grub pa/ Definition:

atomically established, and not contained within the
continuum of a being
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 gzugs/ 2 sgra/ 3 dri/ 4 ro/ 5 reg bya/
Divisions: (1) form; (2) sound; (3) scent; (4) taste;
and (5) tangible object
phyii byor ba lnga five outer

fortunes
dbye ba/ 1 sangs rgyas jig rten
Divisions:
du byon pa/ 2 des dam pai tshos ston pa/ 3 bstan

pa gnas pa/ 4 de rjes su jug pa/ 5 gzhan gyis
snying brtse ba rnams/ Div.: 1) A Buddha having
appeared in ones world system, 2) A Buddha
having taught the doctrine, 3) That Buddhas
teaching remaining to the present time, 4) That
Buddhas followers still existing, 5) The people of
the area having love and mercy for others
phyii gzugs bahirdh-rpa external
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ skyes bui shes
rgyud kyis ma bsdus pai gzugs/ Definition: form not
included/contained within the mental continuum of
a being
form
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 gzugs/ 2 sgra/ 3 dri/ 4 ro/ 5 reg bya/
6 chos/ Divisions: (1) forms; (2) sounds; (3)
odors; (4) tastes; (5) tangible objects; (6) [other]
phenomena

dbye ba/ 1
phyii dngos po rnams {MSA}
Divisions:
bhy bhv external things
gzugs gyi skye mched/ 2 sgrai skye mched/ 3 drii

skye mched/ 4 roi skye mched/ 5 reg byai skye
mched/ Division: (1) form sense-sphere; (2) sound
sense-sphere; (3) odor sense-sphere; (4) taste sensesphere; (5) tangible object sense-sphere
phyii don *bahirdh-artha external

object
phyii rnam thar
{PH}exoteric
biography; outer biography
phyii phyag rgya external seal

phyii phyag rgya dang sbyor
479
phyir {C,MSA}(up d): updya; {C}punar;
{C}prati; nidna; {MSA}etya; {MSA}hetu (e.g.:

tma-hetu); {MV}arthatas; {MV}arthena because;
again; back; outside; because of; on account
of; in order to{S}; in order that{S} {C}with
reference to; motivated by; beginning with; with
the help of; where they began with; directed on;
successively; as being; with regard to; linked with;
foundation; for the sake of; Origins; (e.g.: etannidna, because; ki nidnam, wherefrom, and f
phyir kyang {C}punar {C}again

phyir rgol pa
(=acala); {C}pratyudvartate; {L}angmin;

{C}apratyudvartanya Non-Returner {C}
irreversible; turns (his) back on; returns; one who
cannot be turned back
phyir mi ldog pa
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs {C}vyativartate
(=atikrmati = vivardhate) return; reverse {C}

depart from; stray away from
phyir mi ldog pa nyid du

ldog ldog ldogs ldogs {C}
avaivartikat irreversibility {C}state of

irreversibility
phyir mi ldog pa sa yi chos
brgal rgal brgald rgold {C,MSA}pratyarthika

opponent {C}provokes hostility; enemy; foe;
hostile forces

avivartiyu-bhmi-dharm phenomena/doctrines
of the irreversible grounds
phyir bcos fix up; repair

phyir mi ldog pai khor
phyir ltas distraction outside
loi mdo ldog ldog ldogs
ldogs
avaivarta-cakra-stra Irreversible Wheel
phyir bltas {C}bahir-gata {C}dispersed
Stra (P906, vol. 36)
phyir du in order to; for the sake of
phyir mi ldog pai dge dun
phyir ldog pa ldog
irreversible community member
ldog ldogs ldogs {C}pratyudvartate {C}turns
phyir mi ldog pai byang
(his) back on; returns
phyir ldog par gyur te
sems {PH}irreversible bodhisattva
phyir mi ldog pai sa
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs {C,MSA}
pratyudvartate {C}turns (his) back on; returns
phyir phyogs turn away from; turn
avinivartanya-bhmi; {C}avaivartika-bhmi
irreversible ground(s)
ones back on
phyir phyogs pa turn away

phyir phyogs par gyur turn(ed)
away from; turn ones back on{S 55.3}
phyir phyogs par byed {C}
viph-karoti (mnasam) turn away from; turn

ones back on {C}turn his mind away from
phyir mi ldog
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs
abiding in the irreversible grounds {C}one who

stands on the irreversible stage
phyir mi ldog pai sa la lung bstan
{MV}avinivartanya-bhmi-vykaraa-lbhasamudgama correctly achieving the attainment

indicated in the scripture on the irreversible
grounds ?? {T}
ldog ldogs ldogs {C}avivartiyo {C}irreversible
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs {C}avaivartika
gnas pa
{C}avaivartya-bhmi-sthita (=avinivartanya)
pa thob pa yang dag par grub pa

ldog
phyir mi ldog pa
phyir mi ldog pai sa la
480
phyir mi ldogs pai sa
phyir la {PH}moreover
phyir log ste
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs {MSA}
avinivartanya-bhmi irreversible ground(s)
dong ngo slar dong snyam mo {C}nikrmati

(=abhinikrmati) {C}depart; go off; come out
of; leaves home (life)
phyir mi ong {LCh}angmin Never

Returner; Nonreturner
phyir mi ong ba angmin never
phyir logs su after

phyir bshags par gyis shig
returner
phyir mi ong bras gnas pa
{C}pratideayati (=ghta-bodhicitta-paritygt
= pratypatti-balt = kta-ppadeann) {C}
confesses his error; see their error
angmi-phala-stha Abider in the Fruit of a

Never-Returner
phyir mi ong zhugs pa
phyis
zhug jug zhugs zhugs angmipratipannaka Approacher to Never-Returner
phyir smra ba {C}prati-mantrayati
{C}
answer back
phyir zhing {MSA}bhyas further

phyir zhing byung ba
byung byung byung byung {L}bhuuyobhva

further arising{S 29}
phyir bzhag par {C}nikipta
{C}
dropped
phyir zlog {L}nirvt- turn away from

phyir zlog cing {C}vicchandayati
[This] appears to be an artistic style of a much later

[period]. {GCG} p.15
phyis myong bar gyur ba
phyir zlog pa {C}prativacana dadti
{PH}experience in a later life
phyis song ste
{C}contradict
phyir ong sakdgmin; gmin Once
song song
song song {C}anuprpuey {C}would reach
phyu pa robe
phyug pa {MSA}hya opulent, wealthy,
Returner
phyir ong ba (sakd) gmin;

sakdgmin Once Returner
phyir ong bras gnas pa
rich {T}
phyug po dang bdag po {MV}
sakd-gmi-phala-stha Abider in the Fruit of

Once-Returner
aivarydhipatya lord and owner {T}
zhug jug zhugs zhugs sakd-gmipratipannaka Approacher to Once-Returner
phyis kyang {C}punar {C}again

phyis nas {C}pramjya {C}having shed
phyis phyis {PH}much later
phyis phyis kyi bzo lugs su snang;
(=kartu-kmat-apanayand) {C}deter
phyir ong zhugs pa
phyi/ dbyi/
dbyid/ phyis/ phyis/ {C}yati; {C}yatym;
{C,MSA}pact; {MSA}uttara; {MSA}uttaratra; {MSA}bhyas (1) after; (2) wipe; wipe
away; erase {PH}later; at later times {C}
afterwards; in future; later on
phyis tshang rgya bai tshul ston pai
gnas ni the place of displaying later the mode of
purification{PGP 101}
phyugs pau cow

phyugs rdzi {C}pau-plaka
keeper
481
{C}cattle-
phyug rdzi {C} pau-plaka (= phyugs rdzi)

{PH}cowherd; cattle-keeper; herdsman
phye mai sman {L}cra-bhaiajya
medicinal powder
On the occasion when
phye mai sman sbyar ba
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {L}cra-
Lord Milarepa asked about Marpa to a cowherd, ...

{GCG}
bhaiajya-saghta mixing/preparing medicinal
phyugs gshod killing cows

powder
phyung dbyung byin phyung phye mar byas {C}mai karoti
phyungs {C}vinista cast out; throw away;
banish; root out; disbelieve{BJ 9.1} issued
grind as finely as they can be ground
phye tsheg separating dot [the dot between
phyung gyur
dbyung
byin phyung phyungs {C}uddhta cast out;
throw away; banish; root out; disbelieve {C}
taken out of
phyung ba
syllables]
phye shul opening a passageway or
dbyung byin
phyungs
dbyung byin
phyung phyungs cast out; throw away; banish;
root out; disbelieve
phyed {L,MSA}bhedya; ardha to be

differentiated half
byed/ phye/ byed dam phyes/ {C}prabhvita;

cra separate; differentiation; differentiate;
distinguish {C}powder; drew their strength
from; brought about (from); brought forth; derives
its dignity; exalts; one discerns; discerned; exalted;
derived from; come forth (e.g.: bhta-koiprabhvita; bodhisattva-prabhvita; mahsamudraprabhvita; asaskta-prabh
phyed dang gnyis {MSA}adhyrdha

two and one-half ? {T}
phyed pa {L}mata; {MSA}bhedya to be

differentiated know; known
phyed og ma {MSA}uttarrdha the

higher half {T}
phye nas having distinguished

phye ba {N}bhinna; {N}racayati; {C}bheda
(=dharma-bheda); {MSA}vivta separate;

differentiation; differentiate; distinguish {PH}
opening; division; differentiation {C}distinction;
dissention; breaking up; break; divided; difference;
division; one distinguishes; the one ... the other
phye ba so so {PH}individual divisions

phye ba so soi don {PH}meaning
phyogs {LCh,C,MSA}di; {LCh}dea; {L}
dik; {C}dia; {C,MV,MSA}paka (e.g.: {MSA}

ka-ukla-paka; {MSA}amatha-paka; {MSA}
vipayan-paka); {C}pradea; {MV}pakya;
digbhga class; direction; classed; position;
subject; party; portion; bias; quarter; side;
faction {PH}direction; portion {C}region;
country; space; factiousness; wing; alternative;
definition of the doctrine; to a limited extent; spot;
place; piece of land; {GD:263} thesis
phyogs kyi gos can {N}digambara
of the individual divisions
theg chen gyi thar par bgrod pai go skabs phye

shul du gyur pai byang sems kyi mngon rtogs
a Bodhisattvas clear realizer that serves as the
passageway opening the opportunity for progressing
toward the Great Vehicle liberation Comment:
definition of Bodhisattva path (byang sems kyi lam)
dbye/
phye ma {L}cra powder; dust
opportunity {PH}passageway
phyung phyungs {MSA}utpadita cast out; throw

away; banish; root out; disbelieve
phye
{C}
Digambara{N} (lit.: sky-clad)
{PH}dust
482
phyogs kyi glang po dignga
phyogs dang phyogs su {C}diidii {C}in all directions
Dignga
phyogs kyi rtsa bzhi
phyogs de song
song
song song song {MSA}diku gatv gone in that
direction {T}
{PH}four
cardinal directions
phyogs glang dignga Dignga

phyogs na gnas pa {C}dea-stha
phyogs snga prva-paka {PH}opponent
abiding in a position {C}placed in a spot; stand
at a point
phyogs snga ma prva-paka
opponent{BJ 11.1}
phyogs gnas {C}pradea-stha abiding
in a position {C}placed in a spot; stand at a point
phyogs sngai skabs su on the
occasion of [setting forth the position of] the
phyogs rnams sreg cing
opponent{BJ 44.5}
{C}diadha (=digdha = diodha) {C}

conflagration on the horizon
phyogs gcig one portion

phyogs gcig rnams some (types) phyogs pa {C}prgbhra turning
{C}
sloping towards
{BR}
space in the ten directions
phyogs med {MSA}apakapta [bias-
rgyas rnams daad-dii-buddha the Buddhas of

the ten directions
phyogs med pa {C}apradea [bias-
phyogs bcu nam mkha
{PH}
phyogs bcu pai sangs

phyogs bcui {C}daad-dii of the ten
directions {C}in the ten directions
phyogs bcur {L}daa-dik in the ten
not-exist]; directionless; without bias; without

partisanship {C}without locality
phyogs tsam {C}pradea-mtram; {MSA}

pradea mere direction; mere position; mere
portion {C}merely by way of an outline
phyogs tshig sgrub byed
directions; the ten directions; all directions
phyogs cha {C}pradea; digbhgabheda
du dod pa bsgrub sgrub

bsgrubs sgrubs {GD:787} fallacy of holding the
statement of the thesis as being a proof
directional parts {C}spot; place; piece of land
phyogs chos paksadharmat;
phyogs mtshams {MSA}vidi
pakadharma property of the subject; subjectquality; presence of the sign in the subject
{GD:275} property of the position; {GD:684}
criterion; {GD:783} first criterion
{MSA}(e.g.: dig-vidi) intermediate direction;

directions and intermediate directions
phyogs dzin pai dbu ma
phyogs chos kyi ltos gzhi

partisan Mdhyamikas
the basis of relation of the property of the

subject{LSR 2b}
phyogs ltar snang {GN} pakbhsa

{PH}counterfeit thesis
not-exist]; directionless; without bias; without

partisanship
483
phyogs bzhi four directions

phyogs rei gnyen po partial
antidote
phyogs gsum pa med pa
phrag dog {LCh,C,MV}ry jealousy
{MSA}ttya-pakbhva a third position does

not exist {T}
{C}envy
phrag dog ry jealousy; envy

phrag dog gi kun tu sbyor
phra {C,MSA}skma; {MSA}tanu subtle; fine;

thin
ba sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord

{MV}ry-sayojana thorough enwrapment of
jealousy
phra rdul {PH}subtle atoms; subtle particle

phra ba {L,MSA,MV}skma; {MSA}tanu
phrag dog gi kun sbyor
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord ry-
subtle; fine; thin
phra ba rtog pai rnal byor
sayojana thorough enwrapment of jealousy
yoga realizing the subtle
phra bai mi rtag pa *skmnitya

subtle impermanence
phra bai shin sbyangs
sbyang sbyong sbyangs sbyongs subtle

pliancy
phra ma {C}piuna; {C,MSA}paiunya;
pruya divisive speech {PH}gossip; rumor;

lies {C}malicious; slander
tanu subtle; fine; thin; minute {C}smaller
skmi {C}very subtle
par grub pa grub

grub grubs/grub grubs {C}susavtta-skandhat
{C}his shoulders are gently curved
phrad
phrad/ phrad/
phrad/ phrad/ {MSA}gama (e.g.: pratyaygama);
{MSA}(upa sp): upasarpanti; {MSA}labdha
meet dgu pa
las ma byas pa dang phrad par thal ba ni ninth,
the consequence of meeting with [the effects of]
actions not done{MSI 420.4}
phra mo man {C}kudraka {C}lesser

phra rags {PH}coarseness and subtlety;
coarse and subtle
phra rab {N}paramu; {N}atiskma

minute; subtle{N}
phrad pa {L}samagata; {C}nipta; {MSA}
{PH}subtle atoms;
subtle particle
phra rab rdul paramanu particle;

subtle particle
phra rab tsam {MSA}au-mtra merely

atoms; only subtle particles {T}
phrag pai lhun mdzes
legs par rgyas pa {C} cita-antara-asata {C}

the flesh in between his shoulder blades is quite
compact
phra mo phra ba dag {C}skma-
phrag brgya 100

phrag stong 1000
{C}over one shoulder
phrag bum 100,000

phrag so shin tu
phra mo {C,MSA}skma; {C}kudra; {MSA}
phra rab kyi rdul
phrag dog nyid {PH}jealousy

phrag pa gcig tu {C}eka-asam
abhigama; {MSA}sabandha; {GD:443}prpaa;

{GD:625} sanikassa; sampatti meet;
come together {C}come together; contact;
incidence;{GD:443} obtain;{GD:507} actual
contact;{GD:625} contact [between the sense and
the object]
phrad pai rgyu {C}samprayoga-nimitta

cause of meeting {C}sign of conjunction
484
phrad par {C}samavadhna {C}meeting

phrad par bya ba {MSA}samavadhna
meeting
phran small; minute
{PH}small; minor;
humble; we; us; [first person plural pronoun]
phran bu small; minute

phran tshegs {LCh}itara minor; lesser
phran rab minute
phral ma divisive speech
phrin las {MSA}karman action; karma
phrin las kyi khyad par {MSA}
phreng cang {C}reika {C}reika

phreng can {C}reika {C}reika
phreng thang {PH}streak; flash [of
phreng ba {LCh}ml; {LCh}mlya
garland; rosary; series
phreng ba can reika {C}reika

phreng bai gnas {C}mlvihra
{C}pavilion
phrogs
dbrog phrog
phrog phrogs/ {C}harati to rob, snatch, grab,
attract {T} {C}take away; remove; kills
phrin las kyi don {MSA}karmrtha

object of action; meaning of karma
phrogs par gyur ro {C}
sahriyate (=apanyate) {C}is withdrawn; be

captivated; partake of
karmnuhna established karma
phrod
phrin las thun mong ba {MSA}
phrod/ phrod/
phrod/ phrod/ meet
sdhraa-karmakatva concordant karma; {T}

common activities
phros
phro/ phro
am phros/ phro/ phros/ spread; diffuse; scatter
phrin las dra ba nyid {MSA}
phags rya; {C}ucchrita Superior; noble
sdharaa-karmat (sdh-?) similarity of

karma
{C}wise; holy (man); saint; sage; tall
phrin las zab pa {MSA}karma-
phags rgyud continuum of a Superior

phags
gmbhrya subtle karma; {T} profound

activities
phrug {PH}child; young one

phrug gu children
phrul superficial
phrul gyi khrul rgyu pratibhik-
dang lha dang tshangs pa yi gnas pa dpe med

{MSA}rya-divypratimair vihrair brhmai ca
the peerless land of the Superiors, gods, and
Brahm {T}
phags pa {LCh,C,MSA,MV}rya; ryan

Superior; noble; one who has risen above the
ordinary {C}wise; holy (man); saint; sage
bhrnti-hetu superficial cause of error/mistake
phrul ma divisive speech
garland; rosary; series {PH}garland; rosary;

halo; series the series [beginning with]
ka (i.e. alphabet)
lightening]
karma-viea different karmas; differences of

actions
phrin las sgrub pa
phreng {MSA}ml (e.g.: r-ml-stra)
phags pa dgyes pai

tshul khrims {MSA}rya-knta la ethics
485
phags pai gang zag Superior
that are pleasing to Superiors
phags pa chen po
person
phags pai chos {MSA,MV}rya-
rnams kyi chos {MSA}mahrya-d dharma

the doctrines/qualities of great Superiors
dharma Superior qualities; Superior doctrines
phags pa chen poi chos
phags pai bden pa {C}rya-
{MSA}mahrya-dharma the doctrines/qualities

of great Superiors
satya truth(s) of Superiors; noble truth(s);

truth(s) of the wise
phags pa mthong ba {L}ryadarana Superior vision
phags pai bden pa bzhi
lha dang tshangs pai gnas {MSA}rya-divyabrhma-vihra a place with Superiors, gods, and
Brahmins
phags pai spyod yul
catvri rya-satyni four noble truths{N}
phags pai ye shes
phags pa dang
phags pa bden pa bzhi {N}
jna)-gocara(tva) realm of Superiors; {T} a

Superiors objects of activity
phags pai rigs {MSA}rya-gotra
phags pa yul khor
Superior lineage
skyong mdo rya-raapala-paripccha-stra

The Superior Stra of the Questions of
Raapala
phags pa shes pa {L}rya-jna

Superior cognition
phags pa gsum ga the
three Superiors (Hearer, Solitary Victor, and

Bodhisattva Superiors)
phags pai rigs dri ma

med pa {MSA}nirmala ... rya-gotra stainless
lineage of Superiors
phags pai
rigs zag pa med pai dbyings {MSA}ansravadhtu ... rya-gotra non-contaminated realm of
Superiors
phags pai lam {C,MSA}rya-
phags pa gsum gai rgyud
la yod pai thun mong gi yon tan bsam gtan

concentrations that are shared qualities existing
in the continuums of all three Superiors (Hearer,
Solitary Victor, and Bodhisattva Superiors)
phags pa lha {LCh}ryadeva
mrga path of Superiors; path of the wise;

Superiors path
phags pai lam bskyed pa

rya-margotpda generation of a Superior path
phags pai lam dang
mthun pa {MSA}ryga-mrgnuklya
concordant with a(n eight-fold) Superior path
ryadeva
jana Superior being
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MV}rya(kyi spyod yul spyad spyod spyad
spyod {MV}rya-jna-gocara(tva) realm of
the exalted wisdom of Superiors; {T} objects of
activity of a Superiors exalted wisdom
phags pa gzungs kyi dbang phyug rgyal pas zhus

pai mdo dharavara-rja-paripccha-stra
The Superior Stra of the Questions of King
Dharavara{BJ 38.2}
phags pai skye bo {MSA}rya-
catvryryasatyni four noble truths; four

truths of Superiors; four ennobling truths
486
phags pai lam
phang
yang lag brgyad pa {L}ryga-mrga eight

branches of the path of Superiors
phags pai lus
thob pai sa bon

thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}rytmabhvapratilambhasya bja seed(s) of attainment of a
Superior body
phags pai shes
rab kyi dbang po skye {MV}rya prajendriya

jyate produce the first exalted wisdom of
Superiors
phags pai sa {MSA}rya-bhmi
phags pai sa la skyed

par byed bskyed skyed bskyed
skyed {MSA}janayanty rya-bhmau (jan)
generate a Superior ground
phags pai sa la bskyed
phang / phen/ phangs/ phend/ {LCh}akipta;

{C}kipati impelled; projected; implied; flung;
indicated {C}hurl; throw; shoot; reject; cast
away; move into
phangs pa
phangs pai sdug bsngal

suffering impelled by
pa bskyed skyed bskyed skyed

{MSA}janayanty rya-bhmau (jan) produce a
Superior ground
phags par {C}atireka; {C}udgata
superior; noble {C}surpasses; lifted up; rising

from; exaltation of
phags pas sdug

bsngal du gzigs so {MV}ry dukhata payanti
Superiors viewing suffering
{PH}
phangs pai dbang {MSA}
abhighta-vaa (var.: =akipta-vaa or viddhavaa) impelling power
phangs bras projected effect

phar {C}pluta; {C}sakrmati {C}one who
moves along by leaps; pass away from; pass on;
transmigrates
phar ba hill-dog
phur bai bya {C} pakin
{C}bird; a
bird on its wings
rya White Tara
phen pa
phags bzhi four Superiors (Hearer,
phang / phen/ phangs/ phend/ {MSA}vedha

verb: imply; indicate; fling; impel; throw7 noun:
impetus; force
Solitary Victor Bodhisattva, and Buddha

Superiors)
phags lam Superior path

phags lugs the system of the
phen pai dbang {MSA}vadha-vaa

force of impelling
phen byed kyi las impelling
Superior [Ngrjuna]
phags seng ryavimuktisena and
karma
Haribhadra
phang thang {PH}high ground; top soil

phangs
phang / phen/ phangs/ phend/ {C}kipta

impelled; projected; implied; flung; indicated
{C}hurl; throw; shoot; reject; cast away; move into;
distracted; shot into
Superior ground
phags ma sgrol dkar
phang /
phen/ phangs/ phend/ imply; indicate; impel;
fling; project {PH}height
In height, [its size is] three spans minus a
finger-joint-length. {GCG} p. 17
487
phel {C,MSA}vddhi; {MSA}vivddhi;
phel bar bya {MSA}(vdh):
{MSA,MV}adhika; {MSA}(abhi vdh); {MV}

nirhi; {MSA}pravardhita; {MSA}(pra su):
prasavati to increase; increasing {C}growth;
increase
vardhaymi I will increase
phel bar bya ba {C}vivddhi
phel gyur te {C}vardhate
{C}
increasing; increase (in); grow; is increased
phel bar byed {MV}(vdh):
phel grib vddhi-hni; vddhi-hrsa
vardhayati increase; increasing
increase and diminishment{BJ 37.5}
phel ba {C,MSA,MV}vddhi; (vdh):
{C,MSA}vardhate; {C}vivardhate; {MSA}vardhana;

{MSA}vivardhana; {MSA}vivddhi; {L}upacaya;
{MV}adhika; {MSA}adhikatva; {MV}nirhi;
{MSA}prabhva; (pra su): {MSA}prasavate;
{MSA}prasava increase; to increase {C}
growth; accumulation; heaped up; increase in;
grow; is increased; grows (in)
phel ba dang grib pa {MSA}

vddhi-hni; {MSA}vddhi-hrsa increase and
diminishment
phel ba dang grib

pas ngo tsha ba yin {MSA}vddhy parihita
ca lajjotpda shame due to increase and
diminishment
phel ba ma mchis pa {C}
phel bar byed pa {MSA}abhivddhi

(e.g.: kuala-dharma-abhivddhi); {MSA}vddhinayana; {MSA}(vdh): vardhayat increase;
increasing
phel bar byed par gyur {C}

vardhayati increase; increasing; will increase
{C}strengthen
phel byed pa {MSA}vivardhana;

{MSA}vddhi (e.g.: gua-vddhi) increase;
increasing
phel med {C}avddhi non-increase

{C}absence of growth
phel med grib med not

increase or decrese
phel med pa {MSA}anadika nonincrease
phel zhing rgyas pa {L}vddhi-
avivardhamna non-increase; not increasing

{C}if they do not grow
virhi increasing and extending{S 29}
phel ba med {MSA}na vardhate

(vdh) non-increase
phel ba ring du gro ba {MSA}

vddhi-dra-gamatva increase for a long time
phel bai brtson grus {MSA}

vddhi-vrya increasing effort
phel bar gyur {C}utsada
(=udgat); {MSA}vddhi gacchati; {MSA}

vddhi yti; {MSA}vddhi-gamana increase; will
increase (over) crowded; with prominences
phel zhing yangs pa {L}vddhivirhi increasing and extending
phel bzhin
{PH}intensifying
Just
so, from the intensification of pain there will not
likewise be its opposite. {A4C} II.12cd
phel bzhin pa
{PH}intensifying
Just
as, from intensifying pleasure, its opposite is seen to

occur, ... {A4C} II.12ab
phel bar gyur ba {MSA}vddhi pho
pho/ pho/ phos/

phos/ {LCh}sakrama to move; develop;
progress; transmigrate
gacchati; {MSA}vddhi yti; {MSA}vddhigamana increase; will increase
{C}
increase; growth
488
phyags phyag
pho chags {PH}desire for emission
phyag phyags/ phyogs/ to sweep
pho chung {PH}small movement
phyar phya/ phyar/

As for the subdivisions
of each great movement, the division into five

each [is called] a small movement, and in the
duration of each of these there are 360 counted
breaths. Mi-pham; Svarodaya comm. 5b.1-.2
pho ba
pho/ pho/
pho ba chen poi sku body of
phyogs
phyag
phyong jump
spreu ltar phyong bai lus kyi gnas ngan
len taking up bad states of body jumping like a

monkey{PGP}
great transference
pho ba med pa {C}asakrnti
without moving; non-development; non-
transmigration {C}non-passing-on; which does

not pass on
pho bar smra ba {LCh}sakrnti-
vdin; sakrntika Sakrntivadin (proponent

of transmigration ?) {T}
pho med du dzin pa holding

without moving
phong {C}ivastra {C}archery

phong gi slob dpon {C}ivastracrya {C}teacher of archery
phos
pho/ pho/
phos/ phos/ to move; develop; pass (from);
transmigrate
phrang {PH}dangerous passage

phrad phrad/
phrad/ phrad/ phrad/ meet; meeting{LG}

yul dbang phrad meeting of sensepower and object{LG}
tshig phrad grangs su ma nor gces
phrad pa
phrad/
phrad/ phrad/ phrad/ {C}nipta meet; meeting

{C}incidence las ma byas
pa dang phrad pa one would meet with [the
effects of] actions not done [by oneself]{DASI
601.3}
phrad mtshams su at the

connecting point
phral
dbral/ phral/
phral/ phrol/ adventitious; superficial {PH}
adventitious; immediately; temporary
phos pai tshe at the time of having
phral gyi khrul rgyu superficial
moved; at the time of moving
phya bar byed

phya/ phya/ phyas/ phyas/ {C}ullpayati; tease;
{C}kutsayati to reprove; to blame; to criticize
{T} {C}ironically compliment; mock; condemns
cause of error/mistake
phral gyi bya ba {C}iti-kartavyat

{C}obligation
phral du {PU} sadyas
phyag
{PH}daily; every
day
phyi ba marmot
phyung ba dbyung byin
phyung phyungs {C}osarayati {C}sheds
phos/ phos/ {C}sakramati; {MSA}sakrnti

to move; develop; progress; transmigrate {C}
pass on; transmigrates; pass away from; come along
phyag
phyard/ phyord/ to brandish; lift up; hold aloft
489
phral du byung ba
byung byung byung byung {C}gantuka(m)
arise adventitiously {C}(something)
adventitious
phral phugs
{PH}superficially or
ultimately
phral la jug pa {MSA}lobhatvena

vtti engage in superficially
phro ba
phro/
phro/ phros sam phro/ phros/ {MV}visra; {MV}
visaraa scattering; spread; diffuse; scatter;
emanate; radiate proceed; issue; go forth; from;
emanate from; continue; go on
phro bar byed pa {MSA}visra

scattering; scatter; spread; diffuse
phro bas mun {C}paala (=ghanat)

phrig {PH}doubt
{C}cataract; membrane; covering
phrig {PH}quiver; tremble
phrog dbrog phrog
phrog phrogs/ {C}sahriyate (=apanyate) to
phrin yig {MSA}lekha write; writing
deprive; rob; run away with {C}is withdrawn;
phrin yig legs pa {MSA}sulekha
be captivated; partake of
phrog pa
well-written
phrin las {C}karma(n); {MSA}krya
phrog phrog phrogs/ to deprive; rob; run away

with
exalted activity; deed; activity; work; affair
phrin las dang tsho ba {C}
phrog par byed pa captivate

phrogs dbrog phrog
karmntjva {C}work and life
phrul {LCh}nirma; {MSA}cho phrul =
phrog phrogs/ to deprive; rob; run away with
phrogs pa
prtihrya (e.g.: ddhi-prtihrya); {MSA}rnam

par phrul = vikurvita; {MSA}rdzu phrul = ddhi
magic; emanation; forced (?)
rigs pai phrul mtshams implications
forced by reasoning
phrul khor
dbrog
phrog phrog phrogs/ {C}chin(n)atti; {MSA}hata;
{MSA}hrya to deprive; rob; run away with
{C}take away; cuts (through)
phrod
{PH}machinery; engine;
phrad/
phrod/ phrad/ phrod/ smagr{C} meet {C}

concord; (to possess the) full compliment of
conditions
magical wheel
phrul gyi rkang pa {L}ddhi-pda
phrod du meeting and staying together

phrod pa {MSA}pratirpa meet; meeting
phros phros/
bases of magical emanations
phrul dga {LCh}nirma-rati
Those Who Enjoy Emanation; Land of Liking

Emanation; Enjoying Emanation; Heaven
of Enjoying Emanation; Land of Enjoying
Emanation
phreng ba {PH}attachment
phro phro/
phro/ phros sam phro/ phros/ {MV}visra; {MV}

visaraa spread; diffuse; scatter; emanate;
scattering; radiate
dbrog
490
phro/ phros/ phro/ phros/ spread; diffuse;

scatter; emanate; radiate; elaborate {PH}
elaboration; indication; mention
di sus bsgyur pai phros mi snang
bas ... Since there does not appear [to be any]
mention of who translated this [work], ... {GCG}
p. 25/46
phros gleng
{PH}conversation
phros don extension of the meaning;
subsidiary topics {PH}extension of the meaning;

subsidiary topics
ba glang go ox; cow
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
sogs dus pai gong ba/ Definition:
nog
spyod spyad spyod godnya Godnya
spyad
ba lang rdzi {C}go-plaka {C}cowherd

ba su mi tra vasumitra {PH}Vasumitra
ba so {C}danta {C}tooth; ivory
bag meal; barley; flour {PH}attention; care;
spyod spyad spyod godnya Using Oxen
ba nyid gotva cow-ness {GD:271} cow

ba dan dkar po {PH}a white banner
ba spu {C}roma(n) little hairs of the body;
caution
hair
bag brkyang ste gsung ba

{MSA}nighya-vakt restrained speaker;
restrained speech {T}
{PH}five various
bag khums par gyur {C}
products of a cow
ba min {GD:681} gavaya {GD:681} cow

ba mo {C}tuara {C}hoarfrost blossom
ba zho {PH}cows yogurt
ba zho {PH}cows yogurt
ba ru rai mdo {MSA}akari-stra
vidam padyate {C}despond; become

depressed
bag can {BCA} jasattva
{PH}
conscientious Why do
the conscientious not resort to [this]? {BCA} I.13d
bag chags {LCh,C,L,MSA,MV}
vsan; {MSA}vsana predisposing latency;

predisposition; latency; dormancy; tendency;
potency {C}residue; {GD:136} innate
propensities
Myrabola Stra; Stra on the Myrabolan Fruit
ba lang {L,MSA}go; {L}gopa ox; cow;

cowherd; cow and bull
ba lang gi rjes {C} go-pada
bag chags brtan
{PH}

The Tathgatas
a cows footprint
{PH}stable
predispositions
bag chags brtan gyur

gi rig pa a knower that arises from stable
predispositions
knowledge and perception are infinite, whereas

our understanding and perception are merely [like]
cowprints [compared to that of the Tathgata].
bag chags brtan byung
{Sadhinirmocana} 7
ba lang gi phur ba dag pa
arising from stable predispositions; stable
predispositions
{C} go-kla {C}cows tethering post
ba lang gi rmig rjes kyi
ba lang gnas pa gokulika Gokulika

ba lang spyod spyad
Gokulika
ba phyugs cow
ba byung sna lnga
{PH}a cows footprint
nang du {C}go-pada (udaka) {C}puddle in a

cows footprint
ba glang gnas pa gokulika
ba gling spyod
ba lang gi rmig rjes {C} go-pada
491
bag chags brtan byung
vsan dormancies; latencies {C}(latent) bias;

(unwholesome) tendency
gi rig pa {PH}a knower that arises from stable

karmic predispositions
bag la nyal med par {C}
bag dang ldan {PH}conscientiousness

bag dang ldan pa {PH}
niranuaya no dormancies; without dormancies

{C}he loses all the latent biases to evil
conscientiousness
bag med {L,MV}pramda; {MV}pramdita
non-conscientiousness; carelessness {PH}nonconscientiousness; carelessness; unconcerned

Monks view carelessness
[with] fear. {UD} IV.27ab
bang koa treasury; storehouse run; store

bang chen messenger; courier;
ambassador; emissary
bang chen mi gnyis po yi rtsed lan du/
in response to the formal request (?) of the two
emissaries {GZ/BG 69a.4}
bag med gyur te {C}pramda-bhta bang ba koa treasury; storehouse

be careless {C}through carelessness
run;
store
bag med pa {LCh,MSA,MV}pramda;
bang mdzod {C}koa; {C}koa-gaja
bag tsha {C}vidati
bang rim tier

bad kan phlegm
treasury; storehouse {C}treasury of the

storehouse of
{MV}pramdit; {MSA}pramatta nonconscientiousness; carelessness
{C}despair; be(come)
cast down
bag tsha ba dang ldan {C}vidam

padyate {C}despond; become depressed
bag tsha ba med pa {C}acchambhin

{C}fearless(ness)
bag tsha bar gyur
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}vidati {C}
despair; be(come) cast down
bad dam {PH}almond

bad lba phlem goiter
bad sa {Negi} vatsa {PH}Vatsa [kingdom]
of the assembly of wind, bile, and phlegm, and...
barley
{GZ/BG 69a.3}
bag yod {LCh,MSA,C}apramda;
bad sa la {Negi} vatsa
{PH}Vatsa
[kingdom] the
great diseases of the assembly of wind, bile, and
phlegm, and... {GZ/BG 69a.3}
{MSA}apramatta conscientiousness; aware;

conscientious; conscious {C}vigilant; careful
bag yod pa {MSA}apramatta;
ban log {PH}defrocked monk

bab bab babs bab babs
{MSA}apramda conscientiousness; aware;

conscientious; conscious {C}vigilant; careful
bag la nyal {C,MSA}anuaya
descend; rain; flow; fall down; move downward;

slope toward
dormancies {C}(latent) bias; (unwholesome)

tendency
pai nad chen great diseases of the assembly of

wind, bile, and phlegm {GZ/BG 69a.3}
the great diseases
bag tshos boiled grain; cooked meal;
bag la nyal ba {LCh}anuaya;
{PH}phlegm
rlung mkhris bad kan dus
bab col
bab babs
bab babs {N}sahas senseless babble; rash;
492
verbal rambling; lacking consideration of ones
own circumstances
bab mtha
[This] is the verse between sections. {Gn}
bar gyi {C}abhyantare until; through to
bab
{C}within; on his way
babs bab babs {C}prnta {C}remote
bab pa
bar gyi snang ba
snang
snang snang snang sky; intermediate space{LG}
bab babs bab
babs {L}prgbhra descend; rain; flow; fall

down; move downward; slope toward
babs
bar ga {Negi} kadcit {PH}sometimes

bar gcod gcad/
bab babs bab
babs descend; rain; flow; fall down; move

downward; slope toward
ye shes cung zad babs pa one on whom a little
wisdom has descended
babs par gyur
gcod/ bcad/ chod/ {LCh}antarya [betweencut]; to interfere; hinder7 noun: hindrance;

interference
bab babs bab babs {C}via descend; rain;

flow; fall down; move downward; slope toward
{C}possessed
bam and; or; particle indicating question
cut]; interfere; hinder7 noun: hindrance;

interference; interruption {C}obstacle
bar chad bgyid pa
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}antarya

interfere; hinder; interrupt {C}obstacle
bar chad gcig pa {C} eka-vc
gam ngam dam nam bam mam am// ram lam
having one interruption/intervening... {C}with

one single interval
sam rnams byed sdud sgra/ gam, ngam, dam,

nam, bam, mam, am, ram, lam, and sam are the
separating and connecting particles{Y}
bar chad bcu drug
bam po section [of a text]; fascicle

bai rdzi mas lta bu {C}go-pakma-
{PH}sixteen
obstacles
bar chad dang

bcas pa dang bar chad med pa {MV}sntaravyantara interrupted and uninterrupted
netrat {C}his eye-lashes are like those of a

magnificent heifer
bar chad bdud {PH}Viga-mr

bar chad
bar antara; {C}antarle; {C}antari; nipta;
{MSA}madhya; antar-la intervening; middle;

between; [when preceded by nas]: from ... up
to; ranging from ... to; until; intermediate space
{PH}upto {C}midway; period; interval;
incidence; in the intervening; the range (from)
rnam pa bzhii gnyen poi dbye ba {MSA}caturvibandha-pratipaka-bheda divisions of the

antidotes to the four types of interruption {T}
dbye na/ gzugs dzin yid mngon nas reg bya dzin
pai yid mngon gyi bar lnga / when one divides
[mental direct perceivers indicated on this occasion]
there are five, ranging from those apprehending
forms to those apprehending tangible objects {BR}
bar skabs {C}antare transitional
{PH}between sections; interstitial {C}inside;

period; at/during that time
bar chad {C,MSA}antarya [between-
493
bar chad byed {C}antarya
interruption; hindrance; interference {C}

impediment; obstacle
bar chad byed pa {MSA}antaryin

interruption; hindrance; interference
bar chad byed par gyur
{MSA}antarya-karo bhavati interrupt; serve as

an interruption
bar chad med {MSA}nirantarya
between; midway; middle; until the end of; and;

middle; medium; middling; as long as
uninterrupted
bar chad med bcas {C}
sanirantara free from interruption;

uninterrupted {C}the state without impediments
bar chad med pa {L}nantarya;
{MSA}nairantarya; {C}anantara uninterrupted;

not hindered {C}unimpeded; deadly sins;
uninterruptedly; immediately; previous to
bar chad med
pa yi ting nge dzin la reg {MSA}nantaryasamdhi spati contact with an uninterrupted

bar chad med pai ting
bar du gcod interrupt; interruptive;

interfering
bar du gcod pa {C,MSA}antarya;
{MSA}paripantha verb: to interfere; hinder;

interrupt7 noun: interference; hindrance {C}
impediment; obstacle
bar du gcod
pa yi nyes pa spong bar gyur

spang spong spangs spongs {MSA}antarya-doapraha will abandon the fault of interruption
{T}
bar du gcod par byed pa

antarya(-kara) interrupt; hinder {C}
(causing) obstruction
nge dzin gzung dzin bzung

zungs {C}nantarya-samdhi uninterrupted
meditative stabilization {C}unimpeded
concentration
bar du gcod byed {MSA}antarya

karoti interrupt; hinder
bar du chad cing jug pa
bar chad med pai rtse sbyor
sacchidravhana interruptedly engaging;

interrupted engagement
anantaramrdhaprayoga uninterrupted peak

training
bar chad med par brtson pa bar du chad pa
chad chad chad non-contiguous
{MSA}nirantarbhiyoga uninterrupted effort
bar du nas {MV}yvat until; between

bar du bar ma dor {C}antar {C}
bar chad med lam nantaryamrga uninterrupted path
bar ched {PH}interruption

bar chod pai tshad ma
meanwhile; midway; prematurely; in the middle of;

intermediate state
bras bu {GD:700} the interrupted results of valid

cognition
bar chod pai tshad mai

bras bu {PH}the interrupted results of valid
cognition
bar du ma chad pa
chad chad chad chad contiguous
bar du la {MV}yvat until; between

bar do {LCh}antarbhava; {LCh}antarbhva;
antarbhva intermediate state
bar du {C}antarea; {L}antarya; {L}
bar da ba
{PH}beings who have

transcended the intermediate-state
madhyama; {C,MSA} {MSA}(e.g.: bodhi;

bodhes; lokagata; lokt); {C}madhya;
{C,MV,MSA}yvat through (as in: through
to and including); until; between {PH}
until; throughout; while the range from; range
beginning with; impediment; obstacle; {C}in
chad
bar snang
snang snang
snang snang {LCh,C}antarka betweenness;
intermediate appearance; sky intermediate
494
space; intermediate realm; air; firmament
shod og ma zhig na ... On a lower storey of the

Labrang, ... {GCG} p. 28/48
bar ba {L}madhyama middle; Middle
bal dragon
bal poi mthil
Wheel of Doctrine [i.e. the teaching of the

Perfection of Wisdom Stras]
bar bar du
bod
{PH}interspersed
grel rang du snang la bar bar du tshig gsal rgya

skad du bris dug go; Although [it] appears to be a
Tibetan commentary, [it] is interspersed in [the text
of] the Prasannapad written in the Indian language
[Sanskrit]. {GCG} p.21
bar bya [future tense marker]

bar byas [past tense marker]
bar byed [present tense marker]
bar ma {L}madhyama; {MSA}antar-bhava
neutral; intermediate; middling; middle
bar ma chad du {PH}uninterruptedly

bar ma chad par bsgom pas
through uninterruptedly cultivating/meditating
bar ma char par uninterruptedly

bar ma chod pai
tshad ma bras bu {GD:700} the non-interrupted

(immediate) results of valid cognition
bar ma dor {C} antar
{PH}
prematurely
nantarya uninterrupted; uninterruptedly

{C}immediately previous to; unimpeded;
unhindered
{PH}
Vikramalaila
bi kra ma shi la {PH}Vikramalaila

bi kra mai lo {PH}Vikrama year
bi shi kh {C}viikh {C}street
bi sho dha na viodhana purification
bim pa red fruit
bim ba ltar dmar {C}bimbapratibimba {C}red like the Bimba berry; both
mirror and image
bu {C}sutaka; {MSA}putra; {MSA}suta child;

son; boy
bu ga can {PH}with holes

bu gcig pa {MSA}eka-putraka one son;
bstan ston bstand
bu byung ba
byung
byung byung byung {MV}apatya-prasava beget
a child
bar la {C}antarea; {L}madhyama; {C}
bu byung bar
antarya until; between {C}in between;

midway; middle; impediment; hindrance; obstacle
byung
byung byung byung {C}prsyate {C}begets;

give birth to a child
{PH}lower storey
bi kra ma la shi la
stond Bu-dn (1290-1364), the great Sa-kya

scholar, author of the History of Buddhism (chos
byung)
bar med {C}anantara (=avyavahita); {C}
bla brang gi bar
{C}get/
become extinct; get exhausted/extinguished; wanes
away
bu ston
intermediate state
bal yul Nepal

bas par gyur {C}kyate
person who has one son
bar ma srid pa {MSA}antar-bhava
bar shod og ma
{PH}central Nepal
Toh. 4274 ch.1 colophon
495
bum pa {LCh}ghaa; {C}kumbha pot
bu gzhon pa {MSA}suta ... bla young
{C}
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ lto ldir zhabs zhum
chu skyor gyi don byed nus pa/ Definition: bulbous,
flat bottomed, and able to perform the function of
holding water [from Dharmakrti]
boy; youthful child {T}
water-jar
bu ram molasses
bu ram shing pa ikvku SugarCane-One
bum pa can gyi rnal byor
bu ram shing ba {LCh}ikvku
pot-possessing yoga
Sugarcane One
bu la byams pa yang
shin tu che ba {MSA}apatya-snehdhimtrat [a

mothers] love for her child is very great {T}
bu lon {MSA}a debt {T}

bu lon gyi dpang {PH}guarantee on
gcig ma yin pa las log pa opposite from being

one with pot
bum pa dang tha dad different-
bu slob kun {PH}all my disciples

bung ba bee
bung ba gnag {C}bhramara {C}
from-pot
bum pa ma yin pa non-pot; not

being a pot
black bee
bud med {LCh,L,MV}str; {C}istri (=str);
{C}striyye; {MSA}dra woman; women wife;

with a woman
bud med kyi dngos po {C}strbhva (parighti) {C}become a woman
bum pa ma yin pa ma yin pa

non-non-pot
bum pa ma yin pa ma yin pa

non-non-pot
bum pa ma yin pa las log

pa opposite from non-pot
{PH}confused woman
It is like seeing a
confused woman carrying a copper pot. {A4C-C}
bud med mthong
na nyon mongs pa med pa {MSA}drsakleadarana when seeing a woman, afflictions do not

occur ? {T}
bud med rin po che {MSA}strratna jewel-woman; precious woman
bud shing {MSA}indhana kindling
bum pa med pa non-existence of pot

bum pa tshad mas ma
dmigs pa dmigs dmigs

dmigs dmigs non-observation of a valid pot
bum pa bzang {PH}the good vessel

bum pa yin pa being a pot
bum pa yin pa las log pa
opposite-from-being-a-pot
bum pai rgyu cause of a pot

bum pai snga logs su
[according to Sanskrit] {T}
bud shing las me {MSA}agnir
byung ba
indhant fire [which arises] from kindling {T}
tu gyur pai bum pa pot-which-is-one-with-pot
bum pa dang
a loan
bud med chol
bum pa dang gcig one-with-pot

bum pa dang gcig
496
byung byung byung
bum dzin rtog pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs conceptual
byung prior arising of pot
bum pai don spyi ghaa-
consciousness apprehending pot
smnya-lakaa pots meaning generality
Definitions:
mtshan
nyid/ bum dzin rtog pa la bum pa ma yin bzhin du bum
pa lta bur snang bai sgro btags kyi cha/ Definition: a
factor of superimposition that, while not being pot,

appears as like pot to a conceptual consciousness
apprehending pot
bum pai ldog pa
bum pa ma yin bzhin du bum pa lta bur snang bai

sgro btags kyi cha
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs factor
of superimposition that, while not being pot,
appears as like pot to a conceptual consciousness
apprehending pot
bui od gsal {PH}son clear light

bul bar {C}vilambita(m) {C}loiter
bul myur {PH}quick or slow
bus na {C}dhmyato; {C}dhyyato {C}
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs ghaa-vyatireka pots

isolate
bum pai phyi logs su

byung subsequent arising of pot
bum pai bye brag instance of pot

bum pai byed rgyu creative cause
burning
bem po {LCh}kanth matter
material
thing
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rdul du grub pa/ Definition: atomically
established (au-siddha)
of pot
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ bum pa dang rdzas tha dad

kyang yin/ bum pa skye ba la gegs mi byed pa yang yin
pai gzhi mthun du dmigs pa/ Definition: an observed
common locus of being a different substantial entity

from pot and also not serving as a hindrance to pots
production
bum pai bloi gzhan sel
bsal sel bsald seld mental

other-eliminator of pot
Definitions:

mtshan nyid/ bum pai ma
yin dgag gi gzhan sel yang yin/ rtog pas sgro bdags kyang
yin pai gzhi mthun pa/ Definition: a common locus
of being an affirming negative other-eliminator of

pot and being imputed by thought
Divisions: dbye ba/

1 phyii bem po/ 2 nang gi bem po/ Divisions:
(1) external matter (bahirdh-kanth); (2) internal
matter (dhytmika-kanth)
bem shes gang

rung ma yin pai dngos po a thing which is
neither matter nor consciousness
bem shes
gang rung ma yin pai dus byas

du du/dud dus dus a compounded
phenomenon which is neither matter nor
consciousness
bem shes ldan min du byed
bum pai bras bu effect of a pot

bum pai rang ldog self-isolate of
{PH}matter; consciousness; and non-associated

compositional factors
bem shes ldan min
pot
bum dbang vase initiation
bum dzin rtog pa la
du byed gsum the three: matter, consciousness,

and non-associated compositional factors
497
bod skad Tibetan language
beu vatsa curl; calf

beu skyes ma thag a calf who has
just been born
bo
bo/ bo/ bo/ bo/ boil

over; spill; spill over
rnyings pa dang / bo ba dang / sku
la rdul gyis gos par gzigs so/ [Buddhaguhya] saw
that [the flowers] had wilted, [the butter] had boiled
over, and the image was covered with dust {GZ
65a.1}
bo de leu ci the Indian master

Bodhiruci
rgyal {GD:viii,840} Bo-dong Chok-lay-nam-gyel
bogs enhancement
bogs byin pai spyod pa
spyad spyod spyad spyod deeds which

issue forth from enhancement{TGP}
bong che {PU} bhat {PH}vast; massive

bong ba {C,MSA}loa; {C}arkara {C}
{PH}Nine
regions of Tibet
bod sgra vocative particles (?)

bod snga ma kha cig {PH}an
earlier Tibetan [scholar]
bod snga ma dang gzhan

bod pa Tibetan [person]
{PH}vocative
case
bod pai tshig
{PH}word in the
vocative case
bod spyi {PH}all of Tibet; Tibet in general

bod yig {PH}Tibetan script; Tibetan letters
bobs
bab/ babs/ babs/ bobs/ tang
clod (of earth); grit
bab/ babs/ bab/ babs/ to descend; fall down;

move downward
bor
bor/ bor/ bord/

bord/ {C}hitva; {MSA} (tyaj): tyaktv to throw
away; to give up or cast aside {C}having left
{PH}
dimension; size
One cannot hold that both cause and
effect are equal in dimension. {A4C} IX.14cd
bor te {C}vivarjya; {C}vivartya; {MSA}
bod Tibet
tyaktv {C}abandon; turn away from; disturbed;

distracted; scattered
{PH}Tibet; vocative case;

imperative verbal form kye
dang kva ye bod sgra ste Kye and Kva ye are
vocative syllables. {Y}
bod kyi
mkhas pa snag phi dag gi grub mtha shan byed
mtha dpyod dang bcas pai bel bai gtam Ngawang-ch-draks (ngag dbang chos grags) Decision
in the Tenets of earlier and later Tibetan Learned
Ones. Thimphu [Bhutan]: Kunzang Tobgey, 1984.
bod khams gling dgu
phyogs earlier Tibetans and other quarters
bo dong phyogs las rnam
bong bu donkey; ass

bong tshod prama size
Divisions: dbye ba/ 1

phal skad/ 2 chos skad/ Divisions: (1) colloquial
language; (2) religious language
bor ste {C}chorayati {C}spurns

bor nas {C}apahya; {C}avasjya; {C}
utsjati {C}having given up; having let go; having

renounced; cast away; rejects; emits; cast off/out;
come up; let go; abandon; (would) discard; let loose
bor ba {C}apahta; {C}parityga forsake

forsake, put down (a burden); renunciation;
renounce; renouncing; giving away
498
bai drya {MSA;L}vaidhurya; {C}vairya
Tantra lineages
{PH}lapis lazuli; vairya
baidrya {MSA;L} vaidhurya; {C} vairya

{PH}lapis lazuli; vairya
bai du rya {MSA,L}vaidhurya; {C}vairya

cats eye gem; lapis lazuli
bai du rya dug pa yin {C}
bya/ byed/ byas/ byos/
(1) {LCh,MV}krya; {LCh,MV,C}kriy; {C}
karae; {MV}karaya; {MV}ktya (2) {C}pakin;

{C}dvija; {C,MSA}akuni (1) activity; object;
deed; do; action [future of byed, to do; make;
perform]; (2) bird {C}work(s); to cause; bird on
its wings; goose
bya dka {C,MSA}dukara; {C}dukaru;
bya ngang swan

bya thabs {PH}opportunity; recourse;
course of action
bya nag black bird (a bird frequently eaten

in India)
bya pa {C}kunika (=pakighaka?)
bya ba
bya dka ba {MSA}dukara; {MSA}
dukaratva difficult to do {C}difficult; (to do

what is) hard (to do); difficult to wear
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}dukara-cary

practice what is difficult to do
bya dka ba mang ba {MSA}bahudukara-kryatva very difficult to do
bya gag rim kukkulika Kukkulika

bya dgos pa {MSA}karaya; {MSA}
{C}
bya/ byed/ byas/
byos/ {C,MV,MSA}kriy; {C}kartavya; {MSA,MV}

ktya; {MSA}kartavyat; {C,MV,MSA}krya;
{C,MV,MSA}karaya; {N}vypra; {N}vyprakaraa; {L}pravtti activities{N}; deed; doing;
action; do; indicator of object of a verb [future of
byed pa, to do; make; perform]; function {C}
works; activity; tell; mention; cause; arise; what is
to be done, i.e., duty; should be effected; what had
to be done; should be performed; work; function;
business; task; {GD:623} functional intermediary
bya ba grub pa
grub grub grubs/grub grubs {MSA}

kriy-uddhi; {MSA}kriy-siddhi achieve
activities
kmat to be done; must be done
bya rgod vulture

bya rgod kyi phung poi ri
fowler
{MSA}dukaratva difficult to do {C}difficult;

(to do what is) hard (to do); difficult to wear
bya dka ba spyod pa
bya sgrub ye shes
ktynuhna-jna exalted wisdom of

achieving activities
vairya-maya {C}made of lapis lazuli
bya
Divisions:
dbye ba/ de bzhin gshegs pai rigs/ pad
mai rigs/ rdo rjei rigs/ Divisions: (1) Tathgata
Lineage; (2) Lotus Lineage; (3) Vajra Lineage
{PH}
Vulture Peak Mountain
bya rgod phung po ri {LCh}

gdhraka Vulture Peak Mountain
bya ba grub pa
la nges par gyur ba

grub grub grubs/grub grubs {MSA}ktyasiddhau-niyati-pta will become definite in the
activities to be achieved {T}
bya ba sgrub pa
bya rgyud {LCh}kriy-tantra Action Tantra
ktya-sdhana;
{MSA,MV}ktynuhna; {MV}
bya rgyud rigs [the three] Action
499
ktynuh achieve activities; accomplishment
of activities ? {T}
bya ba byed pa tha dad pa
laziness which is an attachment to bad activities
bya ba byed pa tha mi dad pa
bya ba ngan zhen gyi le lo
{MSA}ktya-pthaktva-krya perform different

activities
bya ba gcig {MSA}eka-krya one
{MSA}abhinna-krya-kriytva perform nondifferent activities
action; one activity
bya ba bcas pai gnas {MV}
bya ba byed pai rigs
pa {MSA}krya-kraa-yukti reasoning
of performance of function; suitability of
performing activities
sakarayvasth place of action; level of

activities ? {T}
bya ba tha dad byed {MSA}ktya-
bya ba ma yin pa mi byed pa
pthaktva-krya perform different actions
bya ba mthun pa nyid {MSA}
{MV}aktykaraa not being inactive ?? {T}
bya ba mang po {C}bahu-ktya; {C}
samna-kryatva concordance of activities;

concordant activities
bya ba dang {C}prativedha
bahu-ktyat many activities; busy {C}too

busy; being kept too busy
{C}
penetration
bya ba ldan {C}krya-yukta active
{C}
inclined to do his work
bya ba nan tan du grub

pai ye shes grub
grub grubs/grub grubs {LCh}ktynuhnajna exalted wisdom of earnestly/ardently
achieving activities
bya ba mang poi

du dzi yong su spang ba
spang spong spangs spongs not having many
activities; having thoroughly abandoned the
busy-ness of many activities
bya ba mang pos yongs
su skyo ba {MSA}bahu-kartavyat-parikheda
aversion due to there being many activities {T}
activities {C}performance
bya ba med pai gnas {MV}
ci ma log pa {MSA}ktyev aviparysa nonmistaken with respect to activities
bya ba mtshungs pa nyid {MSA}
bya ba rnams {C}kraat actions;
akarayvasth abide in non-activity; place of

non-activity
bya ba rnams la phyin

bya ba byas pa {C}kta-ktya
ktya-samat similarity of activities
{C}his
perform activities; act
work done
bya ba byed {MSA}kritra karoti; {MSA}

ktya-kara; {MSA}ktya-karaa; {MSA}ktyakrik perform activities; do; accomplish
bya ba byed pa {L}kta-kra; {C}
bya ba la mthu med pa {C}
akriysamartha {C}incapable of doing anything
bya ba la phyin
ci ma log pa dang rtsom pa {MSA}avipartaktyrambha begin without being mistaken with

respect to activities ? {T}
krakkra; {MSA}krya-kriy; {C}karaat;

ktya-kriy perform activities; do; accomplish;
performance of function {C}perform duties; do
deeds; mode of the doer
bya ba mdzad pa {MSA}ktya-kriy
bya bai phyir {MSA}arthya (e.g.:

bhtmitbhayrthya) because of doing;
500
because of; due to
nothern Kurus; the northern [continent of]

Unpleasant Sound
bya bai rigs {MSA}prakartum arhati

(pra k) analysis of action
bya bar rigs {MSA}(k): kartum arhati

analysis of action
bya byed {N}vypra; {N}vypra-karaa
activities{N}; action and agent {PH}activities

various activities {YJD}
bya byed kyi rigs analysis of action

and agent
bya byed las gsum the three:

action, agent, and object
bya bral free from activities

bya med {MV}akrya non-activity
bya rdzogs {PH}completed action
bya
rdzogs kyi skad cig mai thung mtha gcig las med
no more than a single smallest moment in which
an action can be completed/finished
bya zhe na {C}pravucyati {C}is called

bya rog vyasa crow; bird
bya rog dang ta lai tshul
direction
About a days journey by foot north from Gyantse,
... {GCG}
byang chub {LCh,C,MSA,MV}bodhi;
{MSA}bodha [purified-realized]; enlightenment

mngon par byang chub pa
manifest enlightenment{TGP 78}
byang chub kyi sems the altruistic aspiration
to enlightenment (bodhicitta)
byang chub sems dpa Bodhisattva
byang chub kyi skabs {MSA}

bodhy-adhikra occasion of enlightenment
byang chub kyi chos nyid {MSA}

bodhi-dharmat reality of enlightenment
byang chub kyi snying po {C,L}
bodhi-maa essence of enlightenments; place/

seat of enlightenment; platform of enlightenment
in Bodh Gay on which Shkyamuni attained
enlightenment {C}seat of enlightenment; terrace
of enlightenment
snying po la dug gi bar du {MSA}bodhi-maaniadant (-) seated in the middle of the place
of enlightenment
byang chub kyi snying
bya rlag red vulture

bya sla ba {MSA}su-karatva easy to do;
poi khor yug {C}bodhi-maa-pari-smanta

{C}neighborhood of the place of enlightenment
byang
easy
byang
byang byangs
byang byongs purify; cleanse; north; later
byang {L}uttara north; later

byang gi gtum mo {PH}inner heat
(cal) north [left] channel at the heart
uttara-kara Uttarakuru; the country of the
{PH}north side; northern
byang chub kyi
{PW8-H} kkatlyanyya {PH}the manner of

[the parable of] the crow and the palmyra fruit
byang sgra mi snyan {L}uttara-kuru;
byang ngos
501
chub kyi spyod pa la jug pai dka grel

bodhicaryvatra-pajik Commentary on the
Difficult Points of Engaging in the Bodhisattva
Deeds [by Prajkaramati (shes rab byung
gnas blo gros), P5273, vol. 100]
byang chub kyi phyogs {LCh}
bodhi-pkika; {L,MSA}bodhi-paka; {MV}bodhipakya the [thirty-seven] harmonies with

enlightenment wings/limbs of enlightenment
byang chub kyi phyogs
enlightenment
kyi chos {C} bodhipakya-dharma doctrines/

phenomena that are harmonies with
enlightenment {C}dharmas which are (or: act as
the) wings of enlightenment
byang
chub kyi phyogs dang mthun pas mang du gnas

{MSA}bodhipaka-bahula-vihrin many abiders
in the harmonies with enlightenment; {T} many
abodes within the harmonies with enlightenment
byang chub kyi phyogs la sogs
chub kyi phyogs kyi sum cu rtsa bdun {LV}

saptatriadbodhipakadharma {PH}thirtyseven branches of enlightenment
pa rin po chei gnas nyid kyi phrin las {MSA}

bodhipakdi-ratnrayatva-karman activities of
the precious state of abiding in the harmonies
with enlightenment {T}

dang mthun pa {L}bodhi-paka the [thirtyseven] harmonies with enlightenment wings/
limbs of enlightenment
byang chub kyi
phyogs sum cu rtsa bdun {PH}thirty-seven

branches of enlightenment
dang mthun pa {L,MSA}bodhipaka the [thirtyseven] harmonies with enlightenment
byang chub kyi bar du {MSA}
byang chub kyi phyogs dang mthun pa sum
bodhes until enlightenment {T}
byang chub kyi bar du sa gong nas gong du
cu rtsa bdun bsgom pa

bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {MSA}sapta-triadbodhi-paka-bhvan cultivate the thirty-seven
harmonies with enlightenment
rnam par dag pai khyad par {MSA}uttarottarsu

bhmiu viuddhi-vied bodhe feature of
purity in the higher and higher grounds up to
enlightenment {T}
byang chub
byang chub kyi tshogs {MSA}
kyi phyogs dang mthun pai chos {MSA}bodhipaka ... dharma phenomena/doctrines that are
bodhi-sabhra collection of enlightenment
byang chub kyi yan lag
byang chub kyi phyogs dang mthun pai
{C,L,MSA,MV}bodhyaga; {MSA}sabodhy-aga
branch of enlightenment
bdag nyid kyi shes rab {MSA}bodhipaktmik

praj exalted wisdom that is the essence of the

dbye ba/
Divisions:
byang chub kyi
phyogs dang mthun pai spyod pa

spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}bodhipaka-cary
practice the harmonies with enlightenment
1 dran pa/ 2 chos kyi rnam byed/ 3 brtson grus/

4 dga ba/ 5 btang snyoms/ 6 ting nge dzin/ 7 shin
sbyangs/ Divisions: (1) mindfulness (smti); (2)
discrimination of phenomena (dharma-vicaya);
(3) effort (vrya); (4) joy (prti); (5) equanimity
(upek); (6) meditative stabilization (samdhi); (7)
pliancy (prarabdhi)
byang chub kyi yan
byang chub kyi phyogs dang mthun pas bsdus pai

shes rab bsdu sdud bsdus sdus
{MSA}bodhipaka-saght praj exalted
wisdom included within the harmonies with
byang
lag tu gyur pa dag {MV}bodv agni branches

of enlightenment
502
byang chub chen po {MSA}mah-
bdun {MSA}sapta-sabodhy-aga seven

bodhi great enlightenment
byang chub chen po
byang chub kyi
rmad byung can byung byung

byung byung {MSA}adbhutavat ... mahbodhi
marvellous great enlightenment
yan lag rnam par bzhag pa {MSA}bodhyagni

vyavasthpyante (vy-ava sth) establish the
byang chub
yod pa {C}bodhyagavat() have the branches

of enlightenment {C}in possession of the limbs
of enlightenment
byang chub kyi shing {C}bodhi-vka

the tree of enlightenment {C}the Bodhi tree
byang chub kyi sems
{C,MSA,MV}bodhicitta altruistic aspiration to

enlightenment; altruistic mind of enlightenment;
mind of enlightenment{N}; thought of
enlightenment; altruistic intention to become a
Buddha{N}; mind of enlightenment
byang chub kyi sems bskyed pa rnams kyi the

tshom gcod pa {MSA}utpdita-bodhicittn
saayopacchedana eliminate doubt with
respect to generating the mind of enlightenment
byang chub chen po
la dun pa drag po {MSA}tvra-cchando mahbodhau strong aspiration to great enlightenment
byang chub chen po la
dmigs pa dmigs dmigs

dmigs dmigs {MSA}mah-bodhi ... lambanatva
object of observation of great enlightenment
byang chub chen po lhur len

pa {MSA}mahbodhi-parama intent on great
enlightenment
byang chub chen poi rgyu

mtshan {MSA}bodhi-nimitta (mah-) cause of
great enlightenment
byang chub dga ldan {MSA}

bodhau sphvn joyful enlightenment
byang chub bgegs byed

pa rung ba {C}bodhe paripanthakara suitable
to serve to obstruct enlightenment; {T} suitable
to obstruct enlightenment {C}which might
obstruct enlightenment
byang chub chen poi tshogs

{MSA}mahbodhi-sabhra collection of
great enlightenment; accumulation of great
enlightenment
byang chub chen por smon pa
{MSA}mahbodhi-praidhna resolve for great

enlightenment
byang chub bgegs su
gyur ba gyur gyurd gyur

gyurd {C}bodhi-paripantha(na)-kara serve
to obstruct enlightenment; {T} become an
obstruction to enlightenment {C}cause delays
on the road to enlightenment
byang chub
chen por yongs su bsngos pa

bsngo/ sngo/ bsngos/ sngos/ {MSA,MV}
mahbodhi-parimana dedicated to great
enlightenment {T}
byang chub che {MSA}mah-bodhi
byang chub mchog {MSA}parama-
great enlightenment
chen po yang dag par grub pa

{MSA}mahbodhi-samudgamatva thoroughly
accomplish great enlightenment; thoroughly
established in great enlightenment
bodhi; {MSA}bodhi ... uttama; {MSA}bodhi ...
503
parama; {MSA}bodhi reh; {MSA}reh
bodhi supreme enlightenment; highest
enlightenment
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}bodhiprpta; {MSA}bodhim prpnuvanti; {MSA}bodhir

prpt attain enlightenment
byang chub mchog gi sa

bon nyid {MSA}uttama-bodhi-bjatva seeds of
supreme enlightenment
byang chub thob par dod
sems bskyed pa bskyed skyed

bskyed skyed bodhicittaparamotpda mind of
altruistic aspiration to highest enlightenment
byang chub thob par byao
byang chub thob pa
byang chub mchog tu

byang chub nye bar rtogs pa
sanna-bodhi-bodha realized enlightenment {T}
byang chub tu bsngo ba

bsngo/ sngo/ bsngos/ sngos/ {MSA}

thobs {MV}bodhi-prptu-kma desire to attain
enlightenment
thob/thob thob thob
thobs {MV}bodhi prptavy will/should attain
enlightenment; you should attain enlightenment

bodhi-prpti attain enlightenment
byang chub dang nye bar
bodhau pariman dedicate to enlightenment

{T}
shes pa {MSA}sanna-bodhi-jna intimate

knowledge of enlightenment {T}
byang chub tu yongs
byang
su bsngos pa bsngo/
sngo/ bsngos/ sngos/ {MV}bodhi-pariman
dedicated to enlightenment {T}
chub dang mthun pai phyogs sum cu so bdun

thirty-seven harmonies with enlightenment
byang chub dam pa {MSA}para ...
byang chub tu lung
ston par gyur bstan ston

bstand stond {MSA}bodhau vykaraa teach
scriptures on/for enlightenment; give spiritual
instructions on enlightenment {T}
byang chub dam
do bskyed skyed bskyed skyed

{MSA}bodhicittam utpdayanti generate the
mind of enlightenment
byang chub dam pa thob
bodhi highest enlightenment
pa thob par gyur ba

thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}parama-bodhiprpti attain the highest enlightenment
byang chub tu sems bskyed
par byed thob/thob thob

thob thobs {MSA}prptu bodhi par (pra
p) attaining the highest enlightenment; to
attain the highest enlightenment
byang chub tu sems bskyed
pa bskyed skyed bskyed skyed

{MSA,MV}bodhicittotpda generate the mind of
enlightenment
byang chub dri med yangs pa

{MSA}vimala-vipula-bodhi stainless, extensive
enlightenment
byang chub thag mi ring {MSA}
byang chub rnam par
bodhir na dre not far from enlightenment {T}
byang chub theg chen {C}bodhi-
dag pa nyid {MSA}bodhi-viuddhat complete

purification/purity of enlightenment
yno (great) vehicle of enlightenment
byang chub thob pa
504
byang chub pa {MSA}bodha

enlightenment; enlightened person
byang chub spyod
vipula-bodhi extensive enlightenment
{PH}bodhisattva
deeds
byang chub phyogs mthun
{MSA}bodhi-paka harmonies with

enlightenment; the [thirty-seven] harmonies with
enlightenment
byang chub phyogs mthun
chos {MSA}dharm bodhi-pak phenomena/

doctrines that are harmonies with enlightenment
{PH}phenomena/doctrines that are harmonies
with enlightenment
byang chub phyogs dang
byang chub rab tu thob pa

{MSA}prptir bodhe attain enlightenment
byang chub la god do
dgod god bkod god {MSA}bodhau ...

niveyate set/establish in enlightenment
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C}bodhi-
byang
chub bar sa rnams gong nas gong du ni rnam dag

{MSA}viuddha ca uttarottara-bhmiu / bodher
purity in the progressively higher grounds to
enlightenment {T}
byang chub
dman pa dang bring dang khyad par can {MSA}
hna-madhya-viia ... bodhi small, middling,
and special enlightenment
pratipannaka abider in enlightenment {C}

candidate for enlightenment
byang chub la gzhol ba {MSA}

bodhi-nata flow toward enlightenment {T}
byang chub lam gyi sgron ma

Bodhipatha-pradpa Atias Lamp for the Path
to Enlightenment, P. 5343, vol. 103
byang chub lam gyi sgron me

byang chub zhi ba {C}iva peace of
bodhipatha-pradpa [Atias] Lamp for the Path

to Enlightenment
enlightenment {C}bliss; ultimate beatitude
byang chub gzhung lam The
Highway to Enlightenment, Dzong-ka-bas

exposition of the chapter on ethics (bodhisattvala-parivarta) in Asagas Bodhisattva Grounds
(byang chub sems dpai sa, bodhisattva-bhmi)
byang chub bzang po {LCh}
bodhibhadra Bodhibhadra (16th century?) [p.n.

of a Buddhist philosopher]
byang chub yang dag par

grub grub grub
grubs/grub grubs {MSA}bodhi-samudgama
thoroughly accomplish enlightenment;
thoroughly established in enlightenment
rgyas pa {MSA}pratyeka-bodhi-buddha
enlightenment of a Solitary Realizer; {T} ?
enlightened Solitary Realizer
byang chub la zhugs pa
mthun pa {L}bodhi-paka the [thirty-seven]

byang chub yangs pa {MSA}
byang chub rang sangs
byang chub lam gyi rim pai khrid yig
jam pai dbyangs kyi zhal lung

lam rim jam pai zhal lung / Sacred Words
of Majur, by Ngag-wang-lo-sang-gya-tsho
(ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho), the Fifth
Dalai Lama (Thim phu: Kun bzan stobs rgyal,
1976); partial tr. Jeffrey Hopkins in Practice of
Emptiness, Dharamsala, LTWA, 1974
byang chub lam rim chen mo

{GD:842} Dzong-ka-bas (tsong kha pa) Extensive
Stages of the Path to Enlightenment. Dharamsala :
Shes rig par khang. Block.
byang chub shing {MSA}bodhi-
vka the tree of enlightenment [i.e. the tree
505
under which kyamuni Buddha attained
enlightenment]
byang chub sems dpa
[purified-realized-intention]; altruistic aspiration

to enlightenment; mind of enlightenment;
thought of enlightenment; altruistic intention to
become a Buddha
byang chub sems
gdol ba {C}bodhisattva-cla Bodhisattva

outcast {C}an outcast among Bodhisattvas
byang chub sems {C}bodhicitta
byang chub sems kyi grel
pa bkral grel bkrald

greld bodhicitta-vivaraa [Ngrjunas] Essay
on the Mind of Enlightenment [P2665-2666, vol.
61]
byang chub sems bskyed
dpa rnams kyi nang {MSA}bodhisattvnm

adhytman interior of Bodhisattvas
byang chub sems dpa

spyod pa
{MSA}bodhisattva-cary Bodhisattva deeds
byang chub sems dpa
ma yin pa {MSA}a-bodhisattva non-Bodhisattva

bodhicittotpda altruistic mind generation
blang ba {MSA}bodhicittam ptu assume

the mind of enlightenment; take up the mind of
enlightenment {T}
byang chub sems
{MSA}bodhicittasya ... utpda arising of the

byang chub
bodhicitta [purified-realized-intention];
Bodhisattva; one intent on full enlightenment;
the mind of enlightenment
byang chub sems dpa sems dpa chen po lags
byang chub sems dpa yang dag par rjes su mi

mthong {MSA}bodhisattva na samanupayati
thorough non-viewing of a Bodhisattva
byang chub sems dag
dpa yi byor ba {MSA}bodhisattva-vibhutva

greatness of a Bodhisattva
byang chub sems ni skye ba
sems dpa rigs la gnas pa {MSA}gotra-stha ...

bodhisattva abiding in the Bodhisattva lineage
byang chub sems pa bodhisattva;
na rin po che {PH}the Bodhisattva-mahsattva

Ratnapi
byang chub sems dpa
byang chub sems dpa
{LCh,C,MSA,MV}bodhisattva Bodhisattva;
a hero with respect to contemplating
enlightenment; one intent on full enlightenment
bslab pa {MSA}bodhisattva-ik Bodhisattva

learner
byang chub sems
byang chub sems dpa bcu
dpai skyon ma mchis pa {C}bodhisattva-nyma

faultless Bodhisattva {C}the fixed condition
of a Bodhisattva; a Bodhisattvas special way of
salvation
{MSA}daa bodhisattv ten Bodhisattvas
byang chub sems
dpa rtog med {MSA}akalpa-bodhisattva nonconceptual Bodhisattva; Bodhisattva free from

conceptuality
byang chub sems dpai
byang
chub sems dpa thams cad dang mnyam pa {MSA}

sarvair bodhisattvai sama similar to all
Bodhisattvas
506
skyon med pa {C}bodhisattva-nyma faultless

Bodhisattva; faultlessness of a Bodhisattva {C}
the fixed condition of a Bodhisattva; a Bodhisattvas
special way of salvation
byang chub
sems dpai skyon med par jug pa bodhisattvanyma-avakrnti enter into the faultlessness of a
Bodhisattva {C}the stage where he reaches the
certainty that as a Bodhisattva he will be saved
rtags lnga {MSA}paca bodhisattva-ligni five

signs of a Bodhisattva
sde snod {MSA}bodhisattva-piaka Bodhisattva

basket
byang chub sems
sems dpai yongs su smin pa {MSA}bodhisattvaparipka thorough maturation of a Bodhisattva
byang
chub sems dpai rigs can ma nges pa {MSA}

bodhisattva-gotra ... aniyata not definite in the
Bodhisattva lineage
byang chub sems dpai sa
byang chub gsum gyi
khang bzang {PH}the good houses of the three

enlightenments
byang chub sems dpai rnal
byang sdom bodhisattva-savara
byor spyod pa bzhi brgya pai rgya cher grel

pa bkral grel bkrald
greld bodhisattva-yogacary-catuataka-k
Commentary on [ryadevas] Four Hundred
[Stanzas] on the Yogic Deeds of Bodhisattvas
[by Candrakrti, P5266, vol. 98; D3864, Ya]
Bodhisattvas vow
byang phyogs bodhi-paka; uttara the

[thirty-seven] harmonies with enlightenment7
north; northern direction
byang chub
sems dpai spyod pa la jug pa Bodhisattvacaryvatra Engaging in the Bodhisattva Deeds,

by ntideva, P. 5272, vol. 99
byang chub sems dpai spyod
pa la jug pai rnam bshad rgyal sras jug ngog

Explanation of Engaging in the Bodhisattva
Deeds, Entrance of Buddha Conqueror Children,
by Gyel-tsaps (rgyal tshab) (Sarnath: Pleasure
of Elegant Sayings Printing Press, 1973)
byang chub sems

dpai bras bu bzhi {MSA}catvri bodhisattvaphalni four fruits of a Bodhisattva
byang phyogs so bdun
bodhi-paka thirty-seven harmonies with

enlightenment; the thirty-seven harmonies with
enlightenment
byang ba
byang
byangs byang byongs {C}utsanna; {MSA}

parijita purify; cleanse {C}completely
vanished; wise; learned
byang
bai rang bzhin thams cad shes par gyis shig

{C} sarva-vyayopagatn upagacchata know
everything [about] the purified nature! {T}
{C}may you come to the state which is free from all
passing away
byang bar byai sgom pa
byang
chub sems dpai tshul khrims kyi sdom pa {MSA}

bodhisattva-la-savara vow of Bodhisattva
ethics
byang chub
{C,MSA}bodhisattva-bhmi Bodhisattva ground
dpai sdom pa {MSA}bodhisattva-savara

Bodhisattva vow
mtshan spyi {MSA}bodhisattva-smnya-nman

general name of a Bodhisattva
vyutpatti-bhvan purifying meditation ? {T}
byang bar byed par gyur

{C}vnt-karoti purify; cleanse {C}vomit up
507
byang sems phags pai sa
byang bar byung ba
byang byangs byang byongs {C}
rya-bodhisattva-bhmi ground of a Bodhisattva

Superior
Definitions:
kapayati {C}spend; exhaust; wasted away by;

extinguish; annul
mtshan nyid/ stong nyid mngon sum du rtogs
byang rtse Jang-tsay (North Point)
pai shes rab dang / snying rje chen pos zin pai byang
College of Gan-den Monastic University
phags kyi mkhyen pa/ Definition: a Bodhisattva
byang zhing zhi bar gyur te
Superiors exalted knower that is conjoined with the

wisdom directly realizing emptiness and with great
compassion
{C}nirghta (praama) gacchati {C}removes

(and appeases)
byang sa Bodhisattva-bhmi Asagas
dbye ba/ 1 sa dang po
Divisions:
Bodhisattva Grounds{DASI 558.6}
byang sa dang dei bsdu ba
[Asagas] Bodhisattva Grounds (bodhisattvabhmi) and its Compendium of Ascertainments

(niraya-sagraha){BJ 37.1}
byang sems bodhi-citta; bodhisattva
[purified-realized-intention]; mind of
enlightenment; altruistic aspiration to
enlightenment; one intent on full enlightenment;
Bodhisattva
byang sems kyi mkhyen pa
mkhyend bodhisattva-jna exalted knower of a

Bodhisattva
byang sems kyi theg pa
Bodhisattva path of preparation
byang sems sa bcu pa
{PH}ten
byang sems sa bcu pa pa
byang sems kyi phags pa
{PH}a tenth ground Bodhisattva
bodhisattva-rya Bodhisattva Superior
byang sems so skyei lam
byang sems kyi lam bodhisattvaDefinitions:

mtshan nyid/ theg chen
gyi thar par bgrod pai go skabs phye shul du gyur
pai byang sems kyi mngon rtogs/ Definition: a
Bodhisattvas clear realizer that serves as an opener

of the passageway that provides the opportunity for
progressing to the Mahyna liberation
byang sems phags pa

bodhisattva superiors
byang sems sbyor lam

stages of the bodhisattva
bodhisattva-yna Bodhisattva Vehicle
mrga Bodhisattva path
rab tu dga ba/ 2 gnyis pa dri ma med pa/ 3 gsum

pa od byed pa/ 4 bzhi pa od phro pa/ 5 lnga pa
sbyang dka ba/ 6 drug pa mngon du gyur pa/ 7
bdun pa ring du song ba/ 8 brgyad pa mi g.yo ba/
9 dgu pa legs pai blo gros/ 10 bcu pa Divisions:
(1) the first ground, the Very Joyful; (2) the second
ground, the Stainless; (3) the third ground, the
Radiant; (4) the fourth ground, the Effulgent; (5)
the fifth ground, the Difficult to Tame; (6) the sixth
ground, the Manifest; (7) the seven
508
bodhisattva-pthagjana-mrga path of
a Bodhisattva who is an ordinary being
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ mos spyod kyi sas bsdus pai
byang sems kyi mkhyen pa/ Definition: Bodhisattva
exalted knower that is contained within the [two]
grounds of belief [the path of accumulation and the
path of preparation]
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 byang sems kyi tshogs
lam/ 2 byang sems kyi sbyor lam/ Divisions: (1)
byams pa ni
Bodhisattva path of accumulation; (2) Bodhisattva

path of preparation
bde ba dang ldan pai rnam pa yin {MSA}maitr

... sukha-sayogkr love is the aspect which
has bliss ? {T}
byad gzugs kti shape

byad
gzugs dang bong tshod dang stobs mtshungs pa

tulya-kti-prama-bala similar shape, size, and
power
byams {MSA}vatsala; maitr love; Maitreya

[p.n. of the future Buddha]
byams dgon {BCA} maitreyantha
byams mgon Maitreyantha the
byams pa ni sred pai

rang bzhin {MSA}t-maya ... sneha love
whose nature is attachment ? {T}
practice love; love
byams pa la sogs pa che
Protector Maitreya
byams chos the teaching [i.e. the Five
ba nyid {MSA}maitrdn tvrat greatness of

love and so forth {T}
Treatises] of Maitreya{BJ 45.2}
byams dang snying rje {MSA}
byams pai rnam thar maitreya-
maitr-karu love and compassion
vimoka-stra Liberation of Maitreya Stra
byams dang
byams pai yid kyis {C}
snying rje min pai bsam med {MSA}amaitrkaruaya (na-) thought of non-love and
non-compassion; {T} there is no thought that is
without love and compassion
maitrmana {C}with a friendly mind
byams pai seng gei
sgra chen po maitreya-mah-siha-nda Lions

Roar of Maitreya Stra, P. 760 (23), vol. 24
byams dod {MSA}vatsala love

byams pa {LCh,C,L,MSA}maitr; {LCh}
byams pai sems pa {MSA}

kpaya loving mind
byams par dod {MSA}vatsala love

byams pas bskyed pa
maitreya; {C}maitra; {C}anunaya; {MSA}kp;

{MSA}preman; {MSA}vatsalat; {MSA}sneha;
{MSA}karuyata; maitri love; Maitreya {C}
friendliness; affection; friendly
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {MSA}sneha-
byams pa chen po mahmaitr
janita produce love; {T} generate through love
byams zhus kyi leu maitreya-
great love
byams pa nyid {MSA}vatsalatva love

byams pa mthong grol {PH}
paripccha-parivarta The Questions of Maitreya

Chapter [of the Sadhinirmocana-stra]{BJ
44.4}
byams la sogs bsgom
byams pa mthong grol (n. of a diety)
byams pa dang thugs rje
pa mchog bsgom sgom

bsgoms sgoms {MSA}maitrdi-bhvangr
supreme meditations on love, etc.
{MSA}maitr-karu love and compassion

maitrvant {C}lovingly
gnod sems kyi gnyen po ste {MSA}maitr vypdapratipaka love, the antidote of a non-defective
mind; {T} love is the antidote to a harmful mind
byams pa byed pa {MSA}karuyata
{PH}Protector Maitreya
byams pa dang ldan pa {C}
byams pa ni
509
byas
bya/ byed/ byas/

byos/ kta; {MSA}krita; {C}saskta verb: do;
act; perform; fabricate; take ... as {BJ 37.4}7
noun: action; activity; performance {C}
produced; conditioned; compounded; effected
byas chos fabricated practices

byas nas having taken ... as{BJ 37.4};
byas zin {A4C} kta
{PH}result
Action
is undertaken with effort, and the result is destroyed

effortlessly. {A4C}
byi dor sweeping

byi dor byas {C}mta wiped; sweep
{C}smooth
byi pho
having done; having fabricated
{PH}young man
byi pho rkyag khron du bcug pa bzhin
byas nas ring mo zhig lon

pa {MSA}cira-kta do for a long time
no/__/ It is like the young man who was put in a

sewer. {A4C-C}
byas pa
bya/ byed/
byas/ byos/ {LCh,MSA}kta; {MSA}kti; {MV}
sgyu ma byas pa = my-kta; {MV}bshad pa ...
byas pa = vykhym ... upanibadhya treated;
product; produced thing{N}; do; act; perform;
fabricate; performance; deed; action; produced
phenomenon
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ skyes pa/ Definition: that which has
been created/produced
byi la cat
bying {L}styna; {L}nimajja; {MV}laya; {MSA}
datta laxity; lethargy; sunk torpor; sloth;
hidden; dense; arise (again)
bying na gnas pa abiding in laxity

bying ba laya; {LCh,N}nimagna; {N}laya;
byas pa can ktakas fabrication

sinking {C}sunk into; losing heart
byas pa rtogs pai sa bying ba dang rgod pa {MV}
{C}sasdamna; {C}sasdan laxity {PH}
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {LCh,C}ktvi-
layauddhatya laxity and excitement {T}
bhmi; kta-vikalpa-bhmi (?) level of realizing

completion; ground of realizing completion
{C}the stage of one who has done
byas pa gzo {C,MSA}kta-jat; {C}ktavedin {C}gratitude; thankful
byas pa las byung ba
byung byung byung byung arisen from

having made
byas pa shes pa {C}kta-jat
expanse; sphere; element; verbal root {PH}

verbal root
[According to the Candra
Dhtupha (II.12),] i v v gatau in the [group of]
verbal roots ad, etc., i occurs as a verbal root.
{Toh. 4274} Verhagen transl.
byin {MSA}datta; {MSA}dadat (e.g.: pare

bhojana dadat) to give
{C}
byin gyi brlabs
gratitude
byas pa bsrang bai sa {LCh}
{PH}influence;
blessing
byin gyis phra ba {C}anuprva; {C}
ktvi-bhmi; kta-vikalpa-bhmi (?) level of

completion {C}the stage of one who has done
anuprv gata {C}tapering; well-placed
byas pai sa ktvi-bhmi level
byin gyis rlabs can {C}
of accomplishment; ground of realizing

accomplishment/completion{Gn-chok}
byings {LCh}dhtu structure; general; all;
adhihna blessed; empower; bless {C}

sustaining/miraculous power; magical power;
510
declaration; enunciation; operation; sustained; under
the influence of; reside in; place; abode; referring
to; becomes (still more) determined; change by
magic; wills; take his stand on; insists on
authority; declaration; enunciation; operation;

sustained; under the influence of; reside in;
place; abode; referring to; becomes (still more)
determined; change by magic; wills; take his stand
on; insists on
byin gyis rlabs
shing babs par gyur bab

babs bab babs {C}adhihita bless; empower
{C}sustaining/miraculous power; magical power;
sustained; under the influence of; reside in; place;
abode; referring to
byin gyis rlob

brlab/ rlob/ brlabs/ rlobs/ {LCh}
adhitihati; {C}adhihna to bless; blessed;

empower {C}sustaining/miraculous power;
magical power; authority; declaration; enunciation;
operation; sustained; under the influence of; reside
in; place; abode; referring to; becomes (still more)
on; insists on
byin gyis rlob pa {C,MSA}
{C}adhihita to bless; blessed; empower {C}

on; insists on
byin gyis brlabs pa {LCh,C}
adhisthana blessing into magnificience; blessed;

empower; bless {C}sustaining/miraculous
power; magical power; authority; declaration;
enunciation; operation; sustained; under the
influence of; reside in; place; abode; referring to;
becomes (still more) determined; change by magic;
wills; take his stand on; insists on
byin chung ba {C}alpa-sra
{C}
inferior quality
byin nas {C}dattv {C}having given

byin pa {C}pradna; {MV}dna calves;
adhihna {C}blessed; empower; bless;

sustained; under the influence of; reside in; place;
abode; referring to
give; giving; gift; calf [of the leg] {C}offering;

freely bestow; generosity; donation
byin gyis rlob par byed {C}
byin pa e a yai dra {C}
adhitihati to bless; blessed; empower {C}

on; insists on
aieyajagha {C}his shanks resemble those of an

antelope
byin bra ba {C}hpayati {C}abandons

byin rlabs can {C}adhihna
byin gyis rlobs kyis spyod

adhihna-cr practice due to empowerment
{C}coursing on resolutely
byin gyis brlab pa {C}adhihna
blessed; empower; bless {C}sustaining/

miraculous power; magical power; authority;
byin brlabs pa {C}adhihna
blessed; empower; bless {C}sustaining/
to bless; blessed; empower {C}sustaining/

byin gyis brlabs {C}adhihna;
511
byiu a dark-headed bird that stays near

houses
byis pa {LCh,C,L,MSA}bla {C}(=padrthasvarpa-aparijnd = bla-pthagjan) child;

children; childish beings {C}fool(s); childish;
ignorant; foolish people
byis pa ltar jug behave like a
byis pa rnams
utpanna-bhagna-vilnat {C}on arising they soon

break up and are dispersed
child who has just been born
byung ba
byis pa so soi skye bo {C}blapthag-jana (=skleika-dharma-yogd bl.

vaiyavadnika-dharma-vihart pthagjan)
childish ordinary beings {C}foolish common
people
byis pai chos {C}bla-dharma
doctrines of children; qualities of children;

childish doctrines {C}the dharmas of the fools
rmong rmong rmongs rmongs childish and

ignorant
byis pai rang bzhin can

having childish nature
byu ru coral
byug pa
byug byug
byugs/ byugs/ {C}vilepana verb: anoint; apply a
salve7 noun: salve; ointment {C}unguent
byug byug
byung byung
byung byung {C,L}utpanna; {MV}utpda; {C}
upasakrnta; {L}mayi; {MSA}maya (e.g.: rtacint-bhvan-maya); {C}prpya; {C}sambhava;
{MSA}pravtti; {MSA}vinisti; {MV}pratyaya
(tat-); {MSA}rgyus byung ba = anvaya to arise;
arisen; arising; come forth; emerge; appear;
occur {C}has been produced; produced; has
arisen; have approached; practice; has been
subjected to; source; there can be; possibility;
possible origin; make possible
byung ba chen po
byung ba ma yin
byung byung byung byung {C}mah-bhtni

{C}great elements
byung byung byung byung {C}asabhta nonarising; non-arisen {C}not come into being; not
come about; not really existing; impossible
byung bai rim pa
byung byung byung byung chronology{N}
byugs/ byugs/ verb: anoint; apply a salve7 noun:

salve; ointment
byung byung byung
byung {MV}utpda; {C}niryta; {MSA}udbhava;
byung byung
byung nas jig cing ju ba
byis pa btsas ma thag pa a
byung
byung byung
byung byung {C}samutpda to arise; arising;
occur; arisen; come forth; emerge; appear {C}
production; sprung up
byung byung {MV}jta having arisen
la ni slu bar byed pa yin la to a child these are

deceptive
byugs
byung gyur
byung nas
child
byis pai rmongs pa
{MSA}nisara; {MV}pratyaya (tat-); {MV}

maya; {MV}jta; {C}nirjta; {C}samutthita; {C}
adhypadyate; {MSA}rmad byung = adbhuta
arisen from; to arise; occur; arisen; come forth;
emerge; appear {C}come into being; issued
from; gone forth; removal; source; commit an
offence; become guilty of
512
byung bar gyur te

byung byung byung byung {C}nicarati arise;
arising; occur {C}comes forth; gives out;
issues from
byung bar gyur na
byung byung byung byung {C}pratyupasthita

(bhavati) (=abhimukhbhta) when ... arises
{C}(is/has been) set up; lives for; rise up against; is
about to; immanent; is concerned with; have come
round; entails; sets himself up
byung bar byed pa

byung byung byung byung {MSA}(vy-ut pad):
vyutpdayanti cause to arise; produce
byungs te
byung byung
byung byung {C}nicarati {C}(is/has been) set
up; lives for; rise up against; is about to; immanent;
is concerned with; have come round; entails; sets
himself up
byur bur {C}cika-baddha (=ikhparyanta-karad) {C}up to the top
byur byur {C}ci-baddha
{C}(up) to the
top
byur lba unlucky goiter

byus {PH}strategy; political strategy
byus nyes {PH}faulty strategy
(Proverb:) If there are too many
generals, a faulty strategy results. {Cuevas}
bye ba {C}koi verb: open7 noun: ten
bye brag {LCh,MV}viea; {L}viia;
{C}prativiea; {C}vieat; {LCh,MSA,C}

bheda {C}(=dharma-bheda); {C}nntva; {C}
prakra instance; particularity; detail; special;
particular; region {C}difference; distinguished;
more distinguished; multiplicity; manifoldness;
differentiation; specific constitution; variety;
kind; way; distinction; dissention; break(ing up);
divided; differenced; division; the one ... the other;
distinctive (goal)
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
khyab byed du jug pai rang gi rigs yod pa can gyi chos/
Definition: a phenomenon that has the type which

engages it as a pervader; a phenomenon which has a
type by which it is subsumed {GD:269}
bye brag kho na only particularity

bye brag gi mtshan nyid {L}
viealakaa character of a particular; specific

character
bye brag gyur pa {C}viprayukta nonassociated; differentiated {C}dissociated from;

be parted from; live apart
bye brag tu in particular{BJ 38.4};
bye brag tu brtags pa
brtag
bye ba khrag khrig brgya
stong {C}koi-niyuta-atasahasra one hundred

thousand million ten millions ? {T} {C}
hundreds of thousands of niyutas of kois
rtog brtags rtags dtangn gdags dogs btags/brtags

thogs {C}vyavacrayati impute as particulars;
analyze in detail {C}apperceive; assimilates
bye ba khrag khrig phrag
bye brag tu mi shes pa dang the tshom za
bum {C}koi-niyuta-atasahasra {PH}ten

billion trillion (lit. ten million ten billion hundred
thousands; i.e.; 10^^22)
bar don dzin du jug pa {MSA}avyutpannasadigdhrtha-grhaa engage in apprehending

the meaning, ignorant of the details and with
doubt {T}
bye ba khrag khrig bum
phrag {C}koi-niyuta-atasahasra {PH}ten

billion trillion (lit. ten million ten billion hundred
thousands; i.e.; 10^^22)
bye brag tu shes {MSA}vyutpatti;

{MSA}vyutpanna know in detail {T}
{PH}ten billion
10 million
particularly; detailed
million; ten millions {C}limit; point
bye ba stong phrag
bye ba phrag brgya one billion; 100
513
bye brag tu shes par bya ba
mo mahvibha Great Exposition
{MSA}vyutpdya to be known in detail; one

should know this in detail {T}
bye rig {PH}Nyya-Vaieika

bye rig gnyis {PH}both the Vaieikas
bye brag tu shes par byed pa

{MSA}vyutpdana make known in detail {T}
bye brag tu bshad pa detailed
and the Naiyyikas
byed
explanation
byos/ (k): {MV}karoti; {C}kariyti; {C}kra;

{MSA}kara (e.g.: ktya-kara); {MSA,MV}karaa
{MSA}(e.g.: ktya-karaa); {MSA}kart; {MSA}
krik; {MSA}kta; {MSA}(pra k): prakurvanti;
{MV}kriyate (vikalpa-); {MSA}phan byed =
hitdhna do; act; perform; does; refer (to){BJ
24.5} {C}make; syllable; with (great) effort
bye brag pa vaieika Vaishehika;

Particularists
bye brag phyed pa {L}mata
discriminate learn; know; understood; learn of;

is understood; regarded; considered
bye brag byed pa {C}mata
byed rgyu karaa-hetu creative cause
discriminate; distinguish {C}learn; know;

understood; learn of; is understood; regarded;
considered
Divisions: dbye
ba/ 1 byed rgyu nus ldan/ 2 byed rgyu nus med/
Divisions: (1) capable creative cause; (2) incapable
creative cause
bye brag byed pa {L}nitraa
discriminate; distinguish decision; subdue;

overpower
byed rgyu bcu {MV}daa krani ten
bye brag ma mchis pa {L}
creative causes
byed rgyu nus ldan potent creative
abheda(tva) undifferentiated(ness)
bye brag med {C}nirviea non-
cause
byed rgyu nus med impotent
differentiated; undifferentiated {C}without

difference/distinction
creative cause
bye brag med pa {C}nirviia; {C}
nirvieat non-differentiated; undifferentiated

{C}without difference/distinction; non-difference;
no distinction; absence of distinction
bye brag med par {MSA}abhedan
byed sgra the instrumental case

byed du jug pa {C}krayit engage
in doing {C}doing
byed du jug po {C}krapaka
{C}
agent
non-differentiated; undifferentiated
byed pa (k): {C,MSA,MV}karoti; {C}kriya;
bye brag smar ba vaibhika

Vaibhika
bye brag smra ba vaibhika Great

Exposition School; Vaibhika [a Hnayna
Buddhist school]
bye brag shes pa {C}viea-grahaa

{C}makes a distinction
bye brag bshad mdzod chen

bya/ byed/ byas/
514
{C,MV,MSA}karaa; {C}kart; {C}krayati; {C}

kritra; {C}-kt; {MSA}kara (e.g.: hita-kara);
{MSA}karin (e.g.: prabh-kara); {MSA,MV}kriy
(e.g.: sthita-kriy); {C}gaveate; {C}dhrayati;
{MSA}caraa (e.g.: sattvrthcar verb: do;
act; perform; refer (to){BJ 24.5}; noun: agent;
instrument; action{N} {C}make; mention;
cause; effectiveness; causes; brings about; effects;
one acts as; doer; cause to achieve; what it does;
function; activity; effecting; search; seek/strive for;
want; bear in mind; preserve; carries; acts as
don byed nus pa able to perform a function
{TCT} yid la byed pa mental
application
jig rten na sas skye zhing gnas pai rten byed
pa bzhin du just as, in the world, ground serves as
a basis of production and abiding ... {PGP 73}
byed pa rgyu mthun gyi
bras bu functionally causally concordant effect
byed pa dang bcas pa {MSA}
{C}when
byed pa med pa {C}kriyrahita; {C}

nirhaka; {C}nicea; {C}niceatva; {MSA}
niprayatna non-active; no agent {C}not at
all busy; lacking in works/deeds; does nothing;
inactive; unoccupied; powerless to act; lack of
power to act
byed pa la skur pa debs

byed pa la sgro dogs pa
he does so
byed pa po {C,MSA}kart; {C,MSA}
gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs {MV}kriy-samropa
superimposition/exaggeration/reification with
respect to agent/activities
kraka; {C}payaka agent; doer {C}maker;

one who sees
byed pa po gang gis mi
sulu ba {GD:666} reliable agent, one of Go-rambas three criterion for a reliable cognition (mi slu
bai rig pa)
byed pa po dang bral ba {C}
byed pa la zlas pa from the point of

view of function{Gn-chok}
byed pai mthu med cing {C}
akicit-samartha {C}incapable of doing anything
byed pai mtshan nyid
kraka-virahita {C}devoid of an agent
byed
kritralakani functional characteristic
byed par rtog pa {MV}vypra-
pa po dang za ba po dang shes pa po dang grol ba

po {MSA}kart bhokt jt mokt ca agent,
enjoyer, knower, and person liberated
kalpana conceive as an agent {T}
byed pa po dang las dang bya ba rnams mi

dmigs pai phyir {MSA}kart-karma-kriy
anupalambht because one does not perceive an
agent, action, or object acted upon {T}
byed pa po ni mi dmigs so
byed par dzin pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MV}karttva-grha

apprehend an agent
byed po nyid {C}kart {C}agent; doer

byed po min {MSA}akarttva nonagent; no agent
byed min {C}akra
{MSA}krakas tu nopalabhyate an agent is not

observed
byed pa po ma mchis pa {C}
{C}non-activity;
without effort
akraka {C}does nothing; without an agent
byed pa byas pa {C}kta-karaya do

what is to be done {C}his task accomplished
nirvypra non-active; no agent {C}not at all

busy
pa gdab debs btab thobs

{MV}kriypavda deprecation with respect to
agent/activities
saprayatna active
byed pa de la {C}karamu
byed pa ma mchis pa {C}
515
byed med {C}aktakatva

without effort; not made an agent
{C}non-activity;
byed gzungs refers to{LG}
byed rigs pa suitable to refer (to){BJ
range of activity of an echo {C}one who stands

within the range of an echo
brag ja {LCh}pratirutk echo

brag mtho {PH}rocky hill
brag rdzong craggy cliff
brag ri stony mountain
brag srin mo {PH}rock ogress
bran {MSA}cea; {MSA}bhtya servant
24.5}
byed las function

byed las khyad par can special
function
byed las chos
{PH}functional
phenomena
byes Jay (Splinter) College of Se-ra

Monastic University
byon come
byon nas having come
byon pa
{PH}servant; slave
bran gyur
gyurd gyur gyurd {C}preya-bhto {C}a true

servant
byon/
bran dang dra ba {MSA}dsa-kalpa
byon/ byond/ byon/ come; arrive
byol song {GST} tiryag {PH}direction

byol song gi skye gnas {C}
like a servant
bran mo {C}ds {C}female servant

bran mo rgan mo {PH}old maid
tiryag-yoni animal womb {C}animal world;

animal birth
servant; old (female) servant

[It is] like the old woman
the old maidservant who was bound to [her]
suffering. {A4C-C}
byol son gi skye gnas pa {C}

tiryag-yonika animal womb {C}animal world;
animal birth; among the animals
bran mo chu chun {C}kumbha-ds
byos listen (?); hear (?); pour (?); {T} to
{C}maid servant
bram ze {LCh}brhmaa brhman;
make; to do [imperative??]
bra bo a type of bean (two types: white and
Brahmin
bram ze rkang mig
yellow, found inside a triangular fruit; plentiful

in Tibet, Nepal, and India)
{PH}the
Brahmin Akapda (a.k.a.; Gautama)
brag echo
brag brkos ri mo {PH}petroglyphs
brag ngos craggy cliff; the face of a cliff
brag ca {LCh}pratirutk echo
brag cha {LCh,C}pratirutk; {MSA}rutk
bram ze chang mi btung ba

Brahmins do not drink beer
bram ze rjes brang
{GD:509}
Brahmin akarananda
bram zei rigs {L}brhmaa-gotra

Brahmin lineage; Brahmin family
echo
bram zei rigs che zhing
brag chai spyod yul la
gnas pa spyad spyod spyad spyod

{C}pratirutk-gocara-stha abiding in the
gyur
mtho ba {C}brhmaa-mahla-kula {C}good

Brahmin family; wealthy Brahmins
516
bri ba {C}likhyate; {C}natva; {MV}hna
bram zer shes pa {C}brhmayat
decrease; write {C}is written about; deficiency;

depletion
{C}honoring Brahmins
bral {C,L}vigata; {C}vidhta; {L}viyoga;
bri ba med cing phel ba
{C}praha (=pradhna); vikala separation;

free from; lack; devoid; separate from {C}
disconnected; freedom; loss of; disjunction;
deficient; forsaking; forsaken; effort(s); instruction
med pa {MV}ahnnadhika neither decrease

nor increase
bral ba {C}vigama (e.g.: smti-vigama);
{LCh,C,L}vigata; {MSA,MV}apagama; {L,MSA}

viyoga; {MSA}visayuktatva; {MSA,MV}
visayoga; {MV}visayogatva; {C}praha; {C}
vikala; {MSA}apakara (e.g.: malpakara); {MV}
virahita; {MSA}rahitatva (e.g.: dharma-kyarahitatva); separate; separation; free from;
lack; devoid {C}disconnected; freedom; loss of;
disjunction; deficient; forsaking; forsaken; effort(s);
instruction; departure; departing; has disappeared;
separate from
bral ba nyid {MSA}rahitatva; {MSA}
bri ba am phel ba mi
mthong ba {MV}hni-vddhy-adarana not
perceive decrease or increase
bri bar byao {C}n-karoti will/should

decrease {C}remains deficient in; deplete
bri med {C}anynatva non-decrease
{C}
loss
bri med cing phel ba med

pa {MV}ahnnadhika neither non-decrease
nor non-increase
bris
bri/ bri/ bris/ bris/
{C}likhati {C}write; copy (out)
virahitatva separation
bris pa {C}likhit; {MSA}vicitrita
bral bai bras bu {MSA,MV}
{C}
write; writing
visayoga-phala effects of separation;

separative effect; effect which is a state of
separation
bris pai ri mo {MSA}citre ... vicitrite

draw a picture
bral bai yon tan good qualities of

bris ba write; draw(ing); writing
separation
bral bai rang bzhin {C} apagata- bru sha {PH}Brushal (Gilgit)
svabhva free from inherent existence; nature of bre pa bre/ bre/ bres/
freedom
bral bar bgyid pa
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}vikari separate;

free; disjoin {C}she disperses
bral bar bya ba {MV}visayoga
breng series; {T} garland

breng chags su [series-formed-ly];
continuously
bres pa
separation; free from
bral bras effect of separation

bri . bri / bri / bri / bri - to
bre/ bre/ bres/
bre/ spread out; enveloped
decrease; or, bri / bri / bris / bris - to write {T}

{C}anynatva; {MV}hna diminishment;
decrease; lessen; {T} write {C}loss
brod {PH}pleasure
bla {PH}payment
bla khag {PH}monastic head; monastic
leader
517
bla gab med pa {C}bhyavakika
bla na med pa ye shes kyi
thabs {MSA}upyo niruttare jne method(s) of

unsurpassable exalted wisdom
{C}one who lives in an open, unsheltered place
bla brgyud lineage of lamas

bla brgyud gsol debs
bla na med pa la bsgral ba
bsgral sgrol bsgrald sgrold
{PH}
supplication to the gurus of the lineage
{C}anuttarasya-anuttar(an)am liberated in the
bla dwags tshig {PH}synonym

bla na {MSA}upari {PH}above
bla na mchis [high-to-exist];
unsurpassable {C}where the unsurpassable is

concerned, there is no possibility of surpassing
anything
bla na med pai sgom pa
surpassable{BJ 29.4}
bla na mchis pa {L} sa-uttara
{MV}niruttar ... bhvan meditation on the

unsurpassable; cultivation of the unsurpassable
surpassable
bla na med pai gnas {MV}
bla na ma mchis pa {C}anuttara
anuttarvasth unsurpassable abode; abiding in

the unsurpassable
[high-to-not-exist]; unsurpassable{BJ 31.5};
highest; unsurpassed; none higher {C}utmost;

supreme
bla na med pai byang chub
bla na med {C,MV}anuttara; {MV}
{MSA}bodhi cnuttar; {MV}anuttarabodhi; anuttarasambuddha unsurpassable

enlightenment; highest enlightenment
anuttaratva; {MV}nuttarya [high-to-not-exist];

highest; unsurpassable; unsurpassed; none
higher {C}utmost; supreme
bla na med pai bras bu
bla na med pa {C,MV,MSA}anuttara;
{MV}anuttara-phala fruit of the unsurpassable;

unsurpassable fruit
{MSA}niruttara [high-to-not-exist]; highest;

unsurpassable; unsurpassed; none higher {C}
utmost; supreme
bla nar {C}uttara unsurpassable; highest;

high; above {C}over; superior
bla na med pa nyid {MV}
anuttara(tva); {MV}nuttarya unsurpassability

{T}
bla na med
pa yang dag par rdzogs pai byang chub {C,MSA}
anuttar-samyak-sabodhi complete/perfect
unsurpassable enlightenment
bla na med pa yang dag par rdzogs pai
bla phyag {PH}treasurer

bla phyag zur pa {PH}former
treasurer
bla ma {C}guru; {MSA}gurutva; {MV,MSA}

uttara; {C}kalya-mitra [high-not or highmother]; lama; lama [none higher]; heavy
{PH}lama; unsurpassed {C}weighty; serious;
deep; good friend
bla ma khyad chos gsum ldan
byang chub tu nges pa yin {MSA}niyato bhavaty

anuttary samyak-sabodhau is definite in
complete/perfect unsurpassable enlightenment
{PH}guru endowed with the three distinguishing

features
bla na med pa ye shes {MSA}
niruttara ... jna unsurpassable exalted wisdom
518
bla ma gus {C}guru-gaurava guru

devotion; respect for the guru
bla ma lnga bcu pai rnam

bshad guru-pacaik Fifty Stanzas on the
Guru
unsurpassed; highest; none higher {C}supreme
bla med kyi rgyud anuttarayogatantra
Highest Yoga Tantra; Unsurpassed Yoga Tantra
bla ma nyid {C}gurutva guruness;
bla med byang chub unsurpassed
heaviness {C}value greatly
bla ma bsnyen bkur {C}guru-
enlightenment
ura guru devotion; respect for the guru;

serve and venerate the guru {C}reverence for
the guru
bla ma lta bu gang

yang rung bar gnas so {C}anyatarnyataro v
vijaguru sthnya {C}or a succession of sages
representing him
bla re {LCh}vitna canopy

blang blang / len/
blangs/ longs/ {C}ghti adopt; adopting;

assume; take up; take; receive; assert; assertion
{C}seizes; grasp; take hold
blang dor adoptings and discardings;

adopt and discard
bla ma pa {LCh}uttarya Uttaryas

bla ma spyan ras gzigs
blang nas {MSA}(grah): ghtv having

adopted; having assumed; having taken up
guru-avalokitevara {PH}Spiritual Master;

Avalokitevara
bla ma dbu mdzad {PH}chant master

bla ma la gus nyan {C}guru-uru
guru devotion; respect for the guru {C}
reverence for the guru
bla ma la phu dud pa bya ba
btud dud btud dud {C}

guru-urat (=guru-ur) guru devotion;
respect for the guru {C}revere and respect
blang ba
blang
/ len/ blangs/ longs/ {C}yha; (p): {MSA}

ptum; {GD:703} updeya adopt; assume; take
up; take; receive; assert; assertion {GD:703}
develop
blang bar bya ba {C}pratighti will

adopt; object adopted; will assume; will take up
{C}receives; accepts; acquires; take hold of
blang bya ba {MSA}pratigraha object

adopted
bla mai brgyud pa lineage of lamas blang med {C}anugraha non-adoption;

non-assumption; not take up {C}not take hold
bla mai gnas gsum {PH}The
of; not seize upon; non-appropriation
Lamas three points [brow; throat; and heart]
blangs blang /
bla mar bgyis par gyur
len/ blangs/ longs/ {MSA,C}tta; {C}datta;{C}
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}guru-
karoti treat as lama/guru {C}respects; reveres;

treat with respect
bla mar bya ba {C}guru-kta
blangs te {C}ghamu; {MSA}(up
{C}
respected
bla mar byed {C}guru-karoti
d): updya adopting; assuming; taking up;

asserting {C}seizing
{C}
respects; reveres; treat with respect
bla med {C}anuttama; anuttara

sapratcchita adopt; assume; take up;

receive; take; assert; assertion{BJ 10.6} {C}
appropriated; grasp; appropriate; welcome; assent
to; vow; wish
519
blun pa {MV}mrkha dull; foolish; stupid;
blo gros chen po {LCh}mahmati
deluded {PH}dull; foolish; stupid; deluded
blun po {C}muha dull; foolish; stupid;

deluded {PH}dull; foolish; stupid; deluded
blun mongs mun pa bzhin {C}

andha-bhta {C}quite blind
blun rmongs {PH}confused fool

blun rmongs mun pa bzhin
blo gros gnyis can having twopointed mind{S 15}
blo gros thogs pa mi mnga
ba
{C}mahndha-bhto {C}quite blinded
blo {LCh,C,MSA,MV}buddhi; {MSA}mati;
mnga mnga mnga mnga
{MSA}avyhata-mati unhindered intelligence;
unobstructed intelligence {T}
blo gros dang ldan pa {C}matimat
{GD:699} dh intelligence; awareness;

knowledge; mind; intellect {C}intellectual
act(s); thought; resolve to; consciousness;
{GD:699} conceptual mind
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rig pa/ Definition:
knowing; knowledge; {T} a knower; that which
knows
blo kun rdzob pa
great intelligence; great intelligent one(s){LG};

p.n. of a Bodhisattva who is the main interlocuter
in the Lakvatra-stra {PH}Mahmati [p.n.
a bodhisattva, who is the main interlocuter in the
Lakvatra-stra]
intelligent {C}wise; clever
blo gros ldan {AGP} matimn
{PH}
intelligent
blo gros nan pa certain intelligence

(?); {T} earnest intelligence
blo gros rnam par g.yengs
brdzab rdzob brdzabs rdzobs conventional

awareness
pa {MSA}vikipta-mati distracted intelligence

{T}
blo kha phyogs pa directed

blo kha ma phyogs has not turned
blo gros ma sbyangs pa
the mind (towards){BJ 70.5}
{MSA}avyutpanna-mati untrained intelligence
blo khrul pa {MSA}rnta-buddhi
blo gros
(=bhrnta-buddhi?) mistaken awareness
ma smin pa dang yang dag par smin pa {MSA}

apakva-sapakva-mati non-maturation and
complete maturation of intelligence
blo gros {LCh,C,MSA}mati; {MSA}
mata intelligence; intelligent {PH}intellect;

intelligence; thought {C}wisdom; understanding
blo gros mi zad pa {MSA}
blo gros dge ba {MSA}ubha-mati
akayamati Akayamati [p.n. of a Bodhisattva,

the main interlocuter in the Akayamati-nirdeastra]
virtuous intelligence
blo gros rgya mtsho {PH}Sagaramati

blo gros mi zad pai mdo
blo gros ngan pa {MSA}kumati bad
akayamati-nirdea-stra Teaching of
intelligence
Akayamati Stra, P. 842, vol. 34
blo gros can {L}matimat intelligent
blo gros mi zad pas
bstan pai mdo bstan ston

bstand stond akayamati-nirdea-stra Teaching
of Akayamati Stra, P. 842, vol. 34
wise; clever; having intelligence; endowed with

wisdom
520
blo gros mtsho {PH}Sagaramati

blo mchog dang ldan pa {MSA}
agra-buddhitva endowed with the highest
blo gros zhi ba {C}nta-mati peaceful
intelligence
intelligence; pacified intelligence {C}with calm
determination
blo gros yang dag par smin

pa {MSA}sapakva-mati completely matured
intelligence
blo gros yangs pa {L}vilamati
treasury of wisdom [epithet of Majur]
extensive intelligence; p.n. of a Bodhisattva
[the main interlocuter in the fifth chapter of the

Sadhinirmocana-stra]
blo gros shin tu rnam dag {L}

suviuddha-mati very pure intelligence; p.n. of
a Bodhisattva [the main interlocuter in the third
chapter of the Sadhinirmocana-stra]
blo ngan {C}vimati doubt; bad intelligence

{C}perplexity; uncertainty; consternation
blo ngo
{PH}perspective
At that time, from
the perspective of the yogi, all appearances of
conventional phenomena disappear. {Gn}
blo lta awareness; mind

blo brtan sthiramati Sthiramati [p.n.
of one of Vasubandhus three main disciples;

wrote commentaries on several of Vasubandhus
works]
blo brtan par {C}sthira-buddhi
(=clayitum aakyatvt) firmly intelligent; of

firm intelligence; of steady intelligence
blo dang ldan {MSA}buddhi
[intelligence-possessing]; intelligent; the

intelligent; the wise
blo dang ldan pa {L,MSA}matimat;
{C,MV}dhimat; {MV}dhmat(tva) [intelligencepossessing]; intelligent; the intelligent; the wise

{C}clever
blo mngon gyur pa manifest

awareness
blo don mthun factually concordang
blo can {L}mati intelligence; intelligent;
consciousness
with a mind mind; intellect; thoughts; views
blo chung {C}alpa-buddhi of little

intelligence; small intelligence
blo chung ba {C}partta-ku-buddhika; {C}

partta-buddhayo (=svalpa) of little intelligence;
small intelligence {C}his intelligence is limited
and poor; people of limited intelligence
blo chen skye ba {MSA}mah-buddhy-
blo don dam pa ultimate awareness

blo ldan {C}matimat; {MSA}dhmat; {MSA}
buddhi-matt; {MSA}buddhi-mattva [intelligencepossessing]; the intelligent; the wise; an epithet

of Bodhisattvas {C}clever
blo ldan pa {C}matimat; {MV}dhmat(tva);
{MSA}buddhimatt; {MSA}buddhimattva
[intelligence-possessing]; the intelligent; the wise;
an epithet of Bodhisattvas {C}clever
udaya arising of great intelligence
blo chos {GD: 245} mental property

blo mchog gi bde ba {MSA}
blo ldan byang chub sems

dpa {PH}intelligent bodhisattvas
agra-buddhi-sukha happiness of the highest

intelligence
blo chang mindful

blo gter treasury of wisdom{BR}
blo gter rgyal ba {PH}victorious
blo ldan byang

chub sems dpa sa bzhi ba {PH}intelligent
521
bodhisattvas of the fourth ground
blo ldog rnam pa bzhi
mtshan Lo-sang-chkyi-gyel-tsen, the 1st Pachen Lama (1569-1662)
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs four reversals
blo bzang don sgrub another name
blo gnod med {N}nirvyatha-buddhi
for En-sa-ba (dben sa pa), a famous yogi
non-defective awareness
blo gnod
med la snang bai dbang gis bzhag pa posited

through the force of appearing to a non-defective
awareness{BJ 55.3}
blo gnod med la snang bai dbang gis
bzhag pa ma yin par rang gi thun mongs ma yin

pai sdod lugs kyi ngos nas grub pa established
by way of its own uncommon mode of existence
without being posited through the force of
appearing to a non-defective awareness
bstan pai nyi ma

blo bzang dpal lad/na bstan pai
nyi ma phyogs las rnam rgyal/ [mind-good-glorypossessing-teaching-of-sun]; Lo-sang-bel-den
Den-bay-nyi-ma, the 4th Panchen Lama (17811854 ce)
blo bzang ye shes Lo-sang-ye-shay,
blo bur gantuka [misspelling of glo bur]
the 2nd Panchen Lama (1663-1737 ce)
blo bzan rta dbyangs Lo-sang-da-
adventitious{BJ 81.5}
blo bur bai dri ma adventitious
yang (1867-1937); author of Investigation of the

Limits of Pervasion With Respect to Awareness
and Knowledge (blo rig gi mtha dpyod; see
below)
defilements
sbyang sbyong
blo rab tu gnas pa {MSA}dh-
sbyangs sbyongs mind-training
blo ma bde
sasthita abide in awareness
{PH}unhappy
[I am] unhappy with the proof of
conventional valid cognition. {dge dun chos phel;
blo rig Awareness and Knowledge

dbye ba/ 1
Divisions:
klu sgrub dgongs rgyan; Lopez; Changing Mind; p.74}
blo dman {C}partta-buddhika little
intelligence{BR} {C}of limited intelligence
blo zhan pa {C}alpa-buddhika; {C}
durmedha {C}of small intelligence; dull-witted
blo gzu bo {PH}open-minded

blo bzang grags pa Lo-sang-dragba (1357-1419) [monastic name of Dzong-ka-ba]
blo bzang dpal ldan
shes Lo-sang-bel-den-ye-shay, the 3rd Panchen

Lama (1737/8-1780 ce)
buddhayas mistaken awareness {C}perverted
blo bzang chos kyi rgyal
ldan chos kyi grags pa Lo-sang-bel-den Ch-gyidrag-pa, the 5th Panchen Lama (1853/4-1882 ce)
blo bzang dpal ldan ye
blo phyin ci log {C}viparyasta
blo sbyong
blo bzang dpal
mngon sum/ 2 rjes dpag 3 bcad shes/ 4 yid dpyod/

5 snang la ma nges/ 6 the tshom/ 7 log shes/
Divisions: (1) direct perceiver (pratyaka); (2)
inferential cognizer (anuma); (3) subsequent
cognizer (paricchinna-jna); (4) correctly
assuming consciousness (mana parik); (5)
awareness to which the object appears but is not
ascertained (aniyata-p
blo rig gi mtha dpyod
Investigation of the Limits of Pervasion With
522
Respect to Awareness and Knowledge, by Losang-da-yang (blo bzang rta dbyangs, 18671937), in The Collected Works of rJe btsun blo
bzang rta mgrin; vol. 5 (New Delhi: Lama Guru
Deva, 1975)
blo rig gi rnam bzhag
companion
blon po rin chen {MSA}pariyaka-
Presentation of Awareness and Knowledge, by

Jam-yang-shay-ba (jam dbyangs bzhad pa,
1648-1721), in The Collected Works of Jam
dbyangs bzhad pai rdo rje, vol. 15 (New Delhi:
Ngawang Gelek Demo, 1973)
ratna {PH}precious minister
blon po rin po che {MSA}

pariyaka-ratna husband ? {T}
blo rig gi rnam bzhag nyer mkho kun dus
blo gsar mig byed Presentation of Awareness

and Knowledge, Composite of All the Important
Points, Opener of the Eye of New Intelligence, by
Ge-shay Jam-bel-sam-pel (dge bshes jam dpal
bsam phel), modern blockprint, n.p., n.d.
blo rig bdun du dbye ba
division of knowledge and awareness into seven

parts{BR}
blo rigs
{GD:310} typology of mind (a
bloi mchog dang ldan pa {C}
parama-buddhimat {C}of the highest intelligence
bloi tha snyad
{GD:726} mental labels

designating the consciousness that relates a name to
an object
bloi gzhan sel
dbang gis bzhag pa posited by the force of

appearing to the mind
bsal sel bsald seld buddhy-tmaknypoha

other-eliminator that is a mind; mental exclusion
Definitions:
mtshan
gzung
dzin bzung zungs memorize
nyid/ ma yin dgag gi gzhan sel yang yin/ rtog pas sgro
{PH}Bodhisattva
btags kyang yin pai gzhi mthun pa/ Definition: a
Rakita
blo gsar new awareness{BR}

blo gsar mig byed opener of the
eye of new awarenesses{BR}
blo gsal clear intellect

blo gsal gling Lo-sel-ling College of
common locus of being an other-eliminator that is

an affirming negative and being superimposed by
thought
bloi yul du bya rung ba
suitable to be taken as an object of an awareness
blos rtogs pa
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}buddhy pratipatti
realized by an awareness {T}
Dre-pung Monastic University
blos bzhag pa posited by an
blo gsal ling Lo-sel-ling (Lucid
awareness
Intelligence) College of Dre-pung Monastic

University
awareness
faculties
blo la snang bai

blo sems mtsho
blon bangs {PH}attending minister

bloi rgyu {MSA}buddhi-hetu cause of
bloi tha snyad mental convention

bloi dbang po lnga {PH}five mental
literary genre)
blo la dzin
blo lhan skyes {PH}an innate awareness

blon minister
blon po {C}amtya {C}relative; minister;
523
blos rig par bya ba object of
is produced from its own uncommon empowering

condition, a physical sense-power{BR}
knowledge by a mind; {T} suitable to be known

by an awareness
dbang {LCh}abhieka; {LCh,MSA,MV}vaa;
{LCh,MSA,MV}vait; {MSA,MV}vaitva; {C}

vaayati (=labhate = payati); {C}vaat; {MSA}
adhipa (e.g.: moka-adhipa); {MSA,MV}dhipatya;
{MV}tantra; {MV}vibhutva; {MV}vaibhutva; adhina control; power; monarch; initiation;
empowerment; consecration; force {C}
sovereignty; powers; can; subjection
dbang bskur {MV}abhieka bestowal

dbang bskur ba {C,MSA}abhiikta;
direct subsequent cognizer
dbang mngon du
{C,MSA}abhieka; {MSA}abhiiktaka bestowal

of initiation; Tantric initiation {C}consecrated;
consectation
gyur pai bcad shes subsequent cognizer that is

a sense direct perceiver
dbang gi mi mthun pai
dbang
phyogs {MV}vibhutva-vipaka concordance

with empowerment/power
mngon du gyur pai snang la ma nges pai blo

awareness to which an object appears but is not
ascertained that is a sense direct perceiver
dbang gis {MV}dhipatyatas; {MV}
dbang mngon du gyur
dhipatyt; {C}vaat by the power of {C}

subjection
pai tshad ma valid cognizer that is a sense

direct perceiver
dbang bcas pa {C}sendriya
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}dhipateya {C}

dominant function
dbang sgyur
dbang bcu {MSA}daa vait the ten
sgyur bsgyurd sgyurd {MV}vaa-vartana

control; subjugate
powers [of a Buddha]
dbang che bar grag pa {L}
dbang bsgyur bai yid
mahekhya eminence; eminent
la byed pa {MSA}vaavarti-manaskra mental

contemplation of control
dbang mchog thob pai

blo dang ldan thob/thob
thob thob thobs {MSA}parama-vaitva-labdhabuddhi intelligence that obtains the highest
power
dbang mngon indriya-pratyaka sense

Definitions:

mtshan
nyid/ rang gi thun mong ma yin pai bdag rkyen dbang
po gzugs can pa las skyes pai rtog pa dang bral zhing ma
khrul bai rig pa/ Definition: an awareness which

is non-mistaken and free from conceptuality, and
{C}
concerning the faculties
bsgyur
direct perception/perceiver
sgra dzin dbang mngon/ 3 dri dzin dbang mngon/

4 ro dzin dbang mngon/ 5 reg bya dzin pai dbang
mngon/ Divisions: (1) sense direct perception
apprehending a form; (2) sense direct perception
apprehending a sound; (3) sense direct perception
apprehending smell; (4) sense direct perception
apprehending taste; (5) sense direct perception
apprehending a tangib
dbang mngon bcad shes sense
of initiation; Tantric initiation
dbang bgyid pa
dbye ba/ 1 gzugs dzin dbang mngon/ 2
Divisions:
524
dbang rtul mdv-indriya dull faculty;

dull faculties
dbang thang power; power from previous
actions; karmic power
dbang thang che ba authority; great

authority; authoritative being
dbang du gyur pa {L}vaita; {C}va-
bhta empowerment; empower {C}controlled;

obedient; subdued; fully controlled
dbang du gyur
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {MSA}vae vartate

empowerment; empower controlled; obedient;
subdued; fully controlled
dbang du gro ba {C}vaa gacchati

{C}come under the sway of
dbang du bya ba {C}va-karaa done

in terms of; in terms of; context{BJ 62.5} {C}
which are the work of
terms of; treated in terms of; in terms of; in the
context of{BJ 13.4}
dbang du byas nas in terms of

dbang du byas pa {MV}adhikra
done in terms of; treated in terms of; in terms of;

in the context of
dbang du ma gyur pa {L}nirvaita
not empowered; uncontrolled; disobedient; not
subdued
dbang rdul gyi nang pa Buddhist

of dull faculties; Insider of dull faculties
dbang ldan {MSA}vain powerful;

powerful person
dbang ldan dang bcas pa {C}

sena {C}round Ina
dbang rnam pa bzhi {MSA}catur-
rnon gyi dge rtsa yongs su ma smin pa[i nang pa]

Buddhist of sharp faculties whose virtuous roots
are not thoroughly ripened; Insider of sharp
faculties whose virtuous roots are not thoroughly
ripened
dbang po {LCh,C,MSA,MV,GD}indriya; {C}

aka; indra Indra; faculty; sense power; power;
sense faculty {PH}organs; Indra {C}sense
organ; {GD:625} sense-basis
[Hence,] the male and female organs
the doors of expulsion and so forth protruded.
{YJD}
dbye ba/ nang gi bem poi dbang
po lnga / 1 mig gi dbang po/ 2 rna bai dbang po/

3 snai dbang po/ 4 lcei dbang po/ 5 lus kyi dbang
po/ byang chub phyogs kyi chos kyi dbang po lnga
/ 1 dad pa/ 2 brtson grus/ 3 dran pa/ 4 ting nge
dzin/ 5 ye shes/ Divisions: the five [sense] powers
which are internal form: (1) eye sense power; (2)
ear sense power; (3) nose sense power; (4) tongue
sense power; (5) body sense power
the five
powers which are harmonies with enlightenment:
(1) faith; (2) effort;
dbang po lnga {MV}pacendriyatva five

sense powers
dbang po lnga rnams
gzhan gyur {MSA}pacendriya-parvtti change

of the five sense powers
dbang po nyams pa {C}hnendriya

inferior faculties {C}cripple
vidh ... vait four types of power
dbang po rtul po {L}mdv-indriya
dbang rnon tkendriya sharp faculty;
dull faculties
sharp faculties
[] dbang
Divisions:
dbang du byas adhikra done in
dbang rnon gyi
dge rtsa yongs su ma smin pa Buddhist of sharp

faculties whose virtuous roots are not thoroughly
ripened
525
dbang po thams cad
dbang
tshim par byed pa {MSA}sarva-(sattv)endriyasatoa please all the senses {T}
po yongs su rdzogs par bya ba la mkhas pa

{C}indriya-paripri-kualat wise/skilled with
respect to perfecting the faculties
dbang po dang bcas pa {C}

sendraka {C}round Indra
dbang po dang bcas
dbang po rab dang
pai lha rnams {C}sendrak-dev {C}the gods

round Indra
tha ma shes par bya ba {C}indriya-parparaj(na)t {C}cognition of the higher and lower
faculties (of others)
dbang po durg six senses
dbang po la mkhas pa {C}

dbye ba / mig
Divisions:
indriya-kuala wise with respect to the faculties

{C}skilled in the faculties
gi dbang po / rna bai dbang po / snai dbang po

/ lcei dbang po / lus kyi dbang po / yid kyi dbang
po / Div.: eye sense power, ear sense power,
nose sense power, tongue sense power, body sense
power, mental sense power
dbang po sum rtsen Indras Palace

of Threefold Play
dbang po lhai {MSA}devendra of the
dbang po bsdams pa {C}
god, Indra {T}
dbang poi mngon sum indriya-
savtendriyat restrained faculties {C}

control his faculties
pratyaka sense direct perceiver/perception
dbang po rno ba tkendriya sharp
dbang poi mngon sum

tshad ma {PH}valid sense perception
faculties{BJ 30.3}
dbang po rno ba nyid {MSA}
dbang poi thog
tkendriyat sharpness of faculties
of a tathgata]
dbang po rnon po {L}tkendriya

sharp faculties
dbang po phyal pa {C}praktendriya

{C}with his faculties controlled
dbang po bring {C}madhyendriya
middling faculties {C}one whose faculties are of

a medium kind
dbang po ma tshang ba {C}
vikalpendriya incomplete faculties {C}deficient

in faculties
dbang po gzugs can pa
dbang
poi rnam pa thams cad yongs su rdzogs pa

rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {C}
sarvkra-paripra-indriya perfect/complete all
aspects of the faculties {C}faculties which are in
every way perfect
dbang poi spyod yul sna

tshogs spyad spyod spyad spyod
{MSA}aka-vicitra-gocara various objects of
activity of the faculties
dbang poi yul indriyaviaya sense

object
dbang poi rim pa yod pas
rpendriya physical sense power
dbang po gzugs
{C}vimtrat-indriya since there are stages

of faculties {T} {C}unequal endowment of
faculties
can pa las skyes pa produced from a physical

sense power{BR}
{PH}Indraketu [p.n.
526
dbang phyug {LCh,C,MSA}vara; {C}
dbang med rje boi dbang {C}
dbang phyug gi rgyu {MSA}
dbang med gnon {C}akma-kra
aivarya; {C}varat; {C}varya vara; god;

ruler; lord {C}sovereignty; dominion
avavaa-bhartka {C}submissive to the master

who is not submissive to anyone else
aivarya-hetu cause of sovereignty
{C}what causes displeasure
dbang phyug chen po mahevara
dbang btsan binding power; authority

dbang shes indriya-jna sense-
Mahevara; iva
dbang phyug nag po varaka
consciousness; main sense-consciousness; sensecognition

Definitions:
{PH}varaka
mtshan nyid/ rang gi thun mong ma yin pai
dbang phyug sbyin par byed

pa {MSA}aivarya-dna giving to vara
bdag rkyen dbang po gzugs can pa la brten nas skye bai
dbang phyugs vara {GD:275} god

dbang ba {MSA}vain; {MV}vait

condition, a physical sense-power{BR}
powerful person; power
dbang bar bya
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 mig shes/ 2 rna shes/ 3 sna
shes/ 4 lce shes/ 5 lus shes Divisions: (1) eye
consciousness; (2) ear consciousness; (3) nose
consciousness; (4) tongue consciousness; (5) bodily
consciousness
dbang bar bya/ byed/ byas/ byed/ make

powerful; empower
dbang bar byas
dbang bar byed

powerful; empower
dbang shes khor gyi
sems byung {PH}mental factors accompanying a

sense consciousness
powerful; empower
dbang shes dang yid
dbang byed pa {C}dhipateya; {MSA}
shes gnyis the two, sense consciousness and

mental consciousness
adhipati; {MV}dhipatya; {MV}vibhutva {C}

dominant function
dbang byed pa
thob pai mtshan nyid

thob/thob thob thob thobs {MV}vibhutvaprpti-lakaatva the characteristic of attaining
dominance/sovereignty {T}
dbang byor bai gzugs

middling faculties
mass of foam
payati) powerless {C}can
dba rlabs {PH}billowing waves

dbar {PH}between [Amdo dialect]
dbu {LCh}iras; {C}uttama-agat; {C}mrti
dbu snyung {PH}oath on ones head

dbu brdos pa {C}phenapia {C}
{PH}
dbang med {C}vaayati (=labhate =
su gyur pai rtog med log shes non-conceptual

wrong consciousness that is a sense consciousness
head (hon.) {C}body; figure
form of one who has attained mastery
dbang bring medium faculty
dbang shes
527
dbu ba {PH}foam
dbu ba rdos pa {C}phenapia
dbu ma rtsa bai grel pa tshig gsal ba; tshig gsal

mla-madhyamaka-vtti-prasannapad Clear
Words, Commentary on Ngrjunas) Treatise
on the Middle [by Candrakrti (zla ba grags
pa); P5260, vol. 98]
{C}
mass of foam
dbu bai gong bu {PH}ball of foam

dbu ma {LCh,N}madhyama; mdhyamika
dbu ma rtsa
center; middle; middle way{N}; Mdhyamika

[Proponent of the Middle Way]; Middle Way
School
bai grel pa shes rab sgron ma

bkral grel bkrald greld prajpradpa-mla-madhyamaka-vtti Commentary
on (Nagarjunas) Fundamental Treatise on the
Middle: Lamp for Wisdom [by Bhvaviveka
(legs ldan byed), P5253, vol. 95]
dbu ma rgyan madhyamaklkra
ntarakitas Ornament for the Middle Way
dbu ma chen po Great Middle Way

dbu
dbu ma thal gyur pa prsagika-
ma rtsa bai tshig leur byas pa shes rab ces bya
Mdhyamika; prsagikamdhyamika Middle
Way Consequence School; PrsagikaMdhyamaka; Proponent of the Middle Way
Consequence School
ba praj-nma-mla-madhyamaka-krik
Fundamental Treatise on the Middle Way, Called
Wisdom, by Ngrjuna (klu sgrub), P. 5224,
vol. 95
dbu ma thal rang Mdhyamika
dbu ma rtsa bai
Prsagikas and Svtantrikas{BJ 41.4}
dbu ma snang ba
tshig leur byas pa shes rab ces bya bai rnam

bshad rigs pai rgya mtsho Ocean of Reasoning,
Explanation of [Ngrjunas (klu sgrub)]
Treatise on the Middle Way, by Dzong-ka-ba
(1357-1419), P. 6153, vol. 156. Varanasi: Ge-lukpa Press, 1973.
snang snang snang snang madhyamakloka

Kamalalas Illumination of the Middle Way
dbu ma pa madhyamaka; mdhyamika
Middle Way School; Mdhyamaka; Proponents

of the Middle; Proponent of the Middle Way;
Proponent of the Middle Way School
rab tu mi gnas pai dbu ma pa
thoroughly non-abiding Mdhyamaka
dbu ma rang rgyud pa svtantrikamdhyamika Middle Way Autonomy School
dbu ma la jug pa
dbu ma pa dpa bo rdo rje

the lama U-ma-pa Pa-wo-dor-jay (one of the
teachers of Tzong-ka-pa)
dbu ma rtsa bai grel pa budd p li ta; grel pa

buddh p li ta bkral grel
bkrald greld buddhaplita-mla-madhyamakavtti Buddhaplitas (sangs rgyas bskyangs)
Commentary on [Ngrjunas Treatise on the
Middle [P5242, vol. 95]

528
madhyamkavatra ; madhyamakvatra
Supplement to the Middle Way, by Candrakrti
(zla ba grags pa), P. 5261, 5262, vol. 98;
Chandrakrtis Supplement to (Ngrjunas)
Treatise on the Middle
dbu ma la jug
pai grel bshad bkral

grel bkrald greld madhyamakvatra-k
[Jaya-nandas] Commentarial Explanation of
(Chandrakirtis) Supplement to (Nagarjunas)
Treatise on the Middle [P5271, vol. 99]
dbu ma la jug pai rgya cher bshad pa
dgongs pa rab gsal Illumination of the Thought,

An Extensive Explanation of [Candrakrtis]
Supplement to the Middle Way, by Dzong-kaba, P. 6143, vol. 154; also: Dharmasala: Tibetan
Cultural Printing Press, no date [often referred
to as: dgongs pa rab gsal] {GD:841} Dzong-kabas (tsong kha pa) Clarification of the Thought, an
Extensive Treatise on [Candrakrtis] Introduction to
the Madhyamika. Varanasi: Ge-luk-pa Press, 1973.
dbu ma la
jug pai mtha dpyod lung rigs gter mdzod zab don
kun gsal bzang jug ngogs Great Exposition of
the Middle Way, by Jam-yang-shay-ba (jam
dbyangs bzhad pa), Buxaduor: Gomang, 1967
dbu ma la jug pai bshad
pa madhyamakvatra-bhya Commentary
on the Supplement to the Middle Way, by
Candrakrti (zla ba grags pa), P. 5263, vol. 98;
Also: Dharmasala: The Council of Cultural and
Religious Affairs of His Holiness the Dalai Lama,
1968
dbu mai rgyan gyi
tshig leur byas pa madhyamaklakra-krik

Ornament of the Middle Way; by ntirakita
(zhi ba tsho), P. 5284, vol. 101
dbu mai
snying poi grel pa rtog ge bar ba

madhyamaka-hdaya-vtti-tarkajvl
Commentary on the Heart of the Middle: Blaze
of Reasoning [by Bhvaviveka (legs ldan byed),
P5256, vol. 96]
dbu mai snying poi

tshig leur byas pa madhyamaka-hdaya-krik
Essence of the Middle Way, by Bhvaviveka (legs
ldan byed), P. 5255, vol. 96
dbu mai lta khrid

blta lta bltas ltos Instructions on the View of the
Middle Way{N}
529
dbu mai bstan bcos
bstan ston bstand stond madhyamakastra Treatise on the Middle, by Ngrjuna

(klu sgrub), P. 5224, vol. 95
yar
{PH}upper; upward the

upper opening of the central channel {YJD}
dbu mai lam madhyama-pratipad;
{MV}madhyama pratipat/pratipatti the middle

way; the middle path{N}
dbu shog {PH}initial page; opening page

dbug gu {PH}half-hour (extended
breath) [25 minutes] Sixty

half-minutes [is] a half-hour. Mi-pham; Svarodaya
comm. 5a.6
dbugs {C}vsa; {MSA}llen (=llan?)

breath {C}principle of life
dbugs rngub to inhale

dbugs rngub pa na; vsa
inhalation
dbugs phyi nang du rgyu ba
rgyu rgyu rgyu rgyu {C}npnaanusmti movement of breath outward and

inward; inhalation and exhalation of breath
{C}recollection of breathing
dbugs phyin {C}ucchvasita
{C}
regained his breath
dbugs phyin rnyed par {C}
vsa-prpto-bhavati {C}he feels relieved;

breath
dbugs phyin thob par

vsa-prpto-bhavati {C}he feels relieved;

breath
dbugs phyin nas {C}vsta
{C}
recovered
dbugs phyin pa rnyed

pa lags te {C}vsa-prpto-bhavati {C}he
feels relieved; breath
dbugs dbyung ba
dbyung byin phyung phyungs let out the breath;

exhale
center
dbus mtha {DASI 559.2} madhynta-
dbugs byung rngub npana
vibhga Discrimination of the Middle Way and

the Extremes, attributed to Maitreya (byams pa),
P. 5522, vol. 108
exhalation and inhalation of breath
dbugs byung pa pravsa

exhalation of breath
dbugs byung ba
dbul bo {PH}starving
dbus {LCh,L,MV,MSA}madhya middle;
byung byung byung byung pravsa exhalation
dbugs sbyung bar bgyi {C}
dbus mtha rnam byed
madhynta-vibhga Discrimination of the

Middle Way and the Extremes, attributed to
Maitreya (byams pa), P. 5522, vol. 108
dbus mtha rtsa grel
vsayema {C}we shall help to recovery
dbugs mi bde {NOC} vsa; vasana
[Maitreyas] root text of and [Vasubandhus]

commentary on the Differentiation of the Middle
and the Extremes (dbus dang mtha rnam par
byed pa, madhyntavibhaga; P5522, vol. 108]
{PH}asthma
dbugs rlung {PH}breath-wind

dbung {L}madhya middle
dbus dang mtha
dbui gtsug {C}mrdhan {C}head; on
rnam par byed pa {MV}madhynta-vibhga
his head; summits
Discrimination of the Middle Way and the
dbui gtsug tu {C}mrdhani; {C}
Extremes, attributed to Maitreya (byams pa), P.

5522, vol. 108
mrdhan {C}in the head; head; on his head;

summits
dbur ldan {C}mrdhan prominent
{C}
head; on his head; summits
dbul
bul/ phul/ {C}ka; {C,L}daridra offer;

present; poor {C}poverty (stricken)
districts of central Tibet (dbus)]
dbe ba can sukhvat Blissful Pure
{C}poverty
(stricken)
Land
dbul por gyur {L}daridra-bhto
dben {C}viveka; vivikta (=tma-di-
poor
dbul phongs kun
sambandha-doa-rahitatvd); {MSA}vivekat
isolation; solitary place; to be devoid of; solitude
{C}isolated(ness)
{PH}extreme
poverty
dbul ba {C}dridriya
dben pa {LCh,C}viveka; {LCh,MSA,C}
{C}offer; present;
vivikta; {C}virakta isolation; solitary place; to

be devoid of; solitude hermit; {C}free from
passion; detachment; separation; fact that are
isolated
poor; poverty
dbul ba kun
{PH}extreme poverty
madhya-vibhga differentiation of the middle

way
dbus ba {PH}central
dbus ru {PH}district of [n. of one of two
dbul/ dbul/
dbul po {C,L}daridra poor
dbus rnam byed pa {MV}
530
dben par bgyid pa
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}vivikta-krika; {C}

viviktatva isolation; become/make isolated
{C}which brings about detachment; isolatedness
dben par gyur ba
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}vivicyate {C}
become isolated
dben par dug {L}rahogata in a
dbyangs snyan pa
{PH}melody;
melodious song
dbyangs rta snyan po
{PH}melody;
{PH}
melody; melodious song
of a famous yogi [also called Lo-sang-dn-drup

(blo bzang don grub)]
dben sa pa [solitude-place]; En-sa-ba; a

famous yogi [also called Lo-sang-dn-drup (blo
bzang don grub)]
dbog bogs/
dbyangs phun sum tshogs pa

{C}svara-sampanna {C}with a melodious voice
dbyangs yig vowel

dbyangs gsal {PH}vowels and

nas go brtsams
consonants
phog dbogs/ give; bestow
dbon po/ nephew; grandson
{PH}grandson
dbon po dbon/ nephew; grandson

dbon ma {PH}grand-daughter
dbon zhang {PH}son-in-law
dbon sras {PH}grandson
dbyang can ma sarasvat Sarasvat
dbyangs {LCh,MSA}ghoa; {MSA}svara
melodiousness; voice; melody; tone; vowel
{PH}voice; speech
zhing mtha yas par go bar byed
pai rjes su song bai dbyangs, [It is] speech that
embarks on bringing understanding to limitless
buddha-fields. {AMN} = Braarvig, v.2 p.438
pai reu mig dang po la dbyangs gsal lnga bcu

zer; The first table, which begins with
, is called The Fifty Consonants and Vowels.
{TBRC} W20229 vol. 1; p.2
dbyar gyi rnga
{PH}drums of thunder;
dragons voice
dbyar rnga
{PH}drums of thunder; dragons

voice bad bsod
nams dbyar rngai sgras; By the sound of the
dragons voice of effort and merit, ... Lung rtogs
Nyi ma Rin po che; _byung rtsis sngon gro gtsug lag
sgo byed kyi lde mig_ colophon
dbyig precious resources; treasure
{PH}
precious resources
Having bestowed the precious resources of
gold and silverthe excellence of wealth ... {GZ
dbyangs kyi yan lag drug
69a.1}
dbyig dzin {Negi} vasundhar; pthv
cu {PH}sixty types of melodies
dbyangs kyis bsnyad pa {C}
{PH}treasure-bearing [realm]; Vasundhara (Bearer

of Treasure) [epithet of the earth]
geya {C}discourses in prose and verse mingled
dbyangs kyis bsnyad pai sde
{PH}melody; melodious
song
dbyangs rna snyan po
dben sa [solitude-place]; En-sa-ba; name
dbon
dbyangs snyan
melodious song
solitary place; gone to a solitary place
dbog
{C,MSA}geya {C}discourses in prose and verse

mingled
531
dbyig gi snying po {Negi}
hirayagarbha; brahm {PH}Hirayagarbha
(Brahm)
bestowing the precious resources of gold and
silverthe excellence of wealth {GZ 69a.1}
dbye na when one divides ...; if one divides

...
dbye na mi mang ba {MSA}na
dbyig gnyen {MV}vasubandhu
bheda-bahula when divided, there are not

many [parts] {T}
Vasubandhu [p.n. of the great Buddhist
philosopher, author of the Abhidharmakoa and

other works]
dbyig pa {C}daa clubs
dbye ba {C,MSA,MV}bheda {C}(=dharma-
{C}stick;
staff; the hollow arm of a lute
dbyig dbyug {C}daa
{C}stick;
staff; the hollow arm of a lute
dbyings {C,MV,MSA}dhtu sphere; sphere
bheda); {MSA}prabheda; {L}bhedat; {L}vigraha;

vibhga divide; separate; open; differentiate;
to divide; division {C}distinguish; discriminate;
conflict; quarrel; battle; separation; distinction;
dissention; breaking up; break; differentiation;
divided; differences; the one ... the other
of reality; expanse; element; space; basic element

{C}world
dbye bar byed {C}bhedayitum
elemental Buddha
dbye bas tha dad pa {MSA}bheda-
dbyings kyis sangs rgyas

dbyings mi sdug pa {C}
bhinna different through division {T}
dbye med pa {C}abheda
dusasthna {C}badly shaped
dbyings rig dbyer med
undifferentiated; undivided; non-difference

{C}unbroken
undifferentiable expanse and basic knowledge
dbye gzhi basis of division
dbyibs {LCh,C,MSA}sasthna shape

dbyibs kyi gzugs shape-form
dbyibs dang kha dog sasthna-
dbyen dissention; punishment; trouble

dbyen bcos [dissention-make];
dissention; punishment; trouble
dbyug sngon can {PH}Nladaa

dbyug pa {C}daa {C}stick; staff; the
dbyen med pa {C}abheda non-
dissention; no trouble {C}undifferentiated;

undivided; non-difference
hollow arm of a lute
dbyer ma mchis nyid {C}
dbyung
asabhinna {C}undifferentiated
byin phyung phyungs {L}nisaraa take out;

remove; issue forth arise; escape; go forth;
banish; expel
dbye
dbyer mi phyed pa {C}asabhedana

{C}non-differentiatedness
dbye/ byed/
phye/ phyes sam byed/ bheda; {MV}vivecana; {C}

vicarati divide; separate; open; differentiate;
to divide; division {C}pass through; explain;
wander(s about); behave; undo; course apart from
dbye chos
{GD:253} elements of a division
{GD:253}
[conceptual] basis of a division
vara shape and color
dbyung ba
(=nivartayitum) dividing; to divide {C}be

diverted from
532
dbyer med {C}abheda; {C}asabheda;
{C}abhinna undifferentiated; undivided {C}

undifferentiatedness; unbroken; not differentiated
dbyes che ba {C}pthu large
{C}
many; all; long; very much; broad; vast; large
dbyod pa vicra analysis

bag ma {PH}mask
bags rengs {PH}riffraff
bad {C}yatna; {MSA}(yat): yateta;
bad par bya {MV}(yat): yatiye will
bad cing {L}(gha): ghaamna; {C}
bad par byed pa {MSA}vyvasyika
strive; will make effort
bad par byao {C}vyyacchati one

should strive; you should strive
{MSA}(gha): ghaamna; {MSA}(vy yam):

vyyacchate strive; make effort; make exertion;
exertion
vyyacchati striving {C}when he strives;
struggle; makes an effort; exert oneself
bad par byed do {C}udyogam
padyate; {MSA}(vy yam): vyyacchate strive;

striving; make effort; making effort exert
oneself; make a great effort
strive; striving; make effort; making effort
bad na {C}vyyacchati when one strives;

when he strives {C}struggle; makes an effort;
exert oneself
bad pa {MSA,MV}yatna; {C}parirama;
bad med {MSA}ayatna nonstriving;

non-striving; non-effort
bad med par {MSA}vin yatna

without striving; without making effort
bad rtsol striving and exertion

bad rtsol rags pa coarse
{C}samutsuka; {MSA}ghaana; {MV}vyyma to

strive; exertion; make effort; make exertion
continual study; zealous; endeavor
bad pa chen pos
striving and exertion
bab
brtson pa cher byed pa {C}udyogam padyate

{C}exert oneself; make an effort; make a great
effort
bab babs bab
babs {C}pravahati; {MSA}syandana; {C}upayti

descend; rain; flow; fall down; move downward;
slope toward {C}flow along; approach; submit
to; come to
bad pa dang bcas pa {MSA}
bab pa
yatna-vattva with exertion {T}
bab babs
bab babs {C}pravahati; {C}pravaa; {MSA}pata;
{C}prasrava descend; rain; flow; fall down;
move downward; slope toward {C}prone to;
flowing along
bad pa mi
mnga bar ye shes jug pa {MSA}ayatnato jnapravtte effortlessly engage wisdom; wisdom
which engages effortlessly {T}
bad pa med par
babs
bad pa brtson pa cher
ba dzar vajra
bab babs
bab babs descend; rain; flow; fall down; move
downward; slope toward
thar par gyur {MSA}ayatna-moka become

liberated without making effort
byed pa {C}udyogam padyate {C}exert
oneself; make an effort; make a great effort
spelling]
bad pai rnam pa bsgom pa
{MSA}vyavasykra-bhvana cultivate the
aspect(s) of striving
{PH}vajra [arch.
533
ba zhig {C}kevalam; {MSA}kevala

only; sole; alone; soley
ba zhig mngon dga zhing

{C}abhinandamno {C}wholly delighting in
bar (jval): {MSA}jvalate; {MSA}jvalana
burn; blaze up; blaze; catch fire; flaming; fire
bar ba {LCh,C,L}jvalana; {C}jvalita;
bir gung jig rten mngon

{GD:811} Dri-gung-ba, a
branch of the Ga-gyu (bka rgyud) school
bu can gyi {C}niruttamaka
byangs
dbug bugs/
byang
byin
dbyung / byin/
phyung / phyungs/ bras bu byin = (phal):
{MSA}phalasi issue forth; take out; remove;
root out

bud/ bud/ bud/ bud/ phu/ bud/ phus/
phus/ (1) set aside; throw out; (2) to blow
bum {L}ata-sahasra 100,000

bum phrag {L}ata-sahasra; {MSA}atashasrika 100,000
{PH}four
million five hundred thousand
bum tsho {PH}hundreds of thousands

bur po {PH}protuberance
bul dbul/ dbul/
byin pa
dbyung byin
phyung phyungs {C}uddharati; {C}janayitr;

{MSA}udbheda (e.g.: udaka-dhraa-udbheda);
{MV}dna; {MSA}tshig ... byin pa = vacana issue
forth; deliverance; produce; well (as in tears
well from the eyes); take out; remove; root out
{C}rescues; pull out; begetter; genetrix
byin pa po {PU} sra {PH}creator

byin par gyur ro
dbyung byin phyung phyungs {C}uddharati

issue forth; take out; remove; root out {C}
bul/ phul/ (upa gam): {MSA}upagamayati;

{MSA}upagama offer; present
rescues; pull out
byin par byed pa
dbab/
dbyung byin phyung phyungs issue forth; take

out; remove; root out {C}mire; mud; sink
bebs/ phab/ phob/ {MSA}parjaya; {MSA}

vinirjaya settle; cause to descend; fall; cast
down
byin byed means of issuing forth

byug byug byug
dbab/ bebs/ phab/ phob/ {MSA}parajaya; {MSA}

vinirjaya settle; cause to descend; fall; cast
down
{PH}rites for deriving the
byangs byang byongs to be purified; to be

cleansed
phug phugs/ pierce
bebs pa
bogs chog
byang byongs to be purified; to be cleansed
(=vipaumaka); {C}vidhtaka {C}worm-eaten;

worm-eaten corpse
bebs
{PH}rites for deriving
the most success
bod sgra vocative case

bod pa {C}hvna {C}(true) appelations
byang byang byangs
bir gung pa
bum phrag zhe lnga
bogs cho ga
most success
po {GD:811} Dri-gung-jig-den-ngon-bo (11431217), first patriarch of the Dri-gung-ba branch of

the Ga-gyu (bka rgyud) school
bud
dbog bogs/
phog dbogs/ give; bestow
{C}uttapta burn; blaze up; blaze; catch fire;

flaming; fire {C}burning; splendid; well-purified;
refined
bugs
bog
byugs/ byugs/ verb: anoint; apply a salve7 noun:

salve; ointment
534
byung
byung byung
byung byung {LCh}sabhava; (pra bh): {MSA}
prabhavati; {MSA}prodbhti; {C}-prabhva; {C}
prabhavo; {C}prdurbhva; {MSA}sabhta;
(jan): {MV}jyate; {C}jto; {L}jato; {C}udaya;
{C}-udaya; {C}nikrmati (=abhinikrmati); {C}
prasuta; {C}samgamati (=prdurbhavanti); to
arise; come forth; emerge; occur; appear {C}
has come into being; gives rise to; come into being;
depart; go off; come out of; leave (home life);
brought about; origin; which has arisen; issued;
manifestation; comes to be manifest; are brought
along; are assembled
byung khungs
byung
byung byung byung {LCh}kara (1) ablative
case; (2) source
byung gyur
byung
byung byung byung {C}sabhavati; {C}

upapadyati; {C}vartate arisen; arise {C}be
present; have at ones disposal; exist potentially;
can possibly be; produce; proceeds
byung gyur gyi reg bya
byung byung byung byung bhauta-
spraavya ; bhautika-spraavya tangible object

arisen from elements; tangible object arisen from
the elements; tangible object that is an elemental
evolute
byung byung byung byung {C}sabhavati; {C}

gamu; {C}utpatti arisen; arise {C}be present;
have at ones disposal; exist potentially; can
possibly be; attains; comes; come forth
byung jug
{PH}emerging and
entering; inhalation and exhalation
byung po {MSA}bhta ghost

byung po rnams
kyi jigs pa spang ba spang
spong spangs spongs {MSA}bhaya-praha
(bhtn-) abandon fear of ghosts
byung poi gdon {C}bhta-grah;
byung byung
byung byung {LCh,MSA}bhta; {C}abhut; {C}

sambhava; {C}bhavati; {MV}prabhavata; {C}
upapadyati; {C}utpanna; {MSA,MV}utpda;
{MV}utpatti; {C}prasta; {C}naikramya;
{C}nairyika; {C}nirvtti; (pra vt): {MV}
pravartate; {MV}pravtti; {L}pravt-; {MV}anusra
(e.g.: st element; arising; creature; arise; come
forth; emerge; appear {C}produce; has had;
(has been) produced; has arisen; raised; appearance
(in the world); leading forth; leaving home; (has
been) begotten (by); be the offspring of becomes;
stands; takes place; occurs; comes about; source;
there can be; possibility; possi
byung ba che
byung
byung byung byung {MSA}mahodaya great
element; great arising
byung ba chen po
byung ba chen po bzhi po
pas byed pa open by causing insertion and

retraction
dag
{MSA}mah-bhtni (catvri-) the four great
byung
elements
byung byung byung imminent
byung
byung byung byung {MSA}kara [arise-place];
mine (as in jewel mine); source; place of origin
byung byung byung byung mahbhta great

element
byung jug byas

byung nye ba
byung gnas
byung ba
byung
byung gyur ba
byung byung
byung byung {C}prdurbhavati arises; comes
forth; emerges {C}takes place; appears; one can
see; manifest itself
bhta-graha demon(s) {C}those possessed by

ghosts
byung byung byung arisen from elements;

elemental evolute
byung gyur
byung ste
535
byung ba mchis pa
byung byung byung byung {C}utthna
arise; arising; come forth {C}coming into being
byung ba ma mchis pa
byung byung byung byung {C}na
utthna not arise; non-arising; not come forth

{C}not coming into being
byung ba med pa
byung bar gyur ba
byung byung byung byung {C}utpadyante;
byung byung byung byung {C}aprdurbhva;

{C}asabhava not arise; non-arising; not
come forth {C}not coming into being; nonmanifestation; unmanifested; impossiblity; make
impossible
byung ba yin
{C}bhavati arises; arising; will arise; which is

an element {C}is produced; appear; arises; goes
forth; becomes; stands; takes place; occurs
byung
byung byung byung {C}prdurbhta arise;

come forth; is arisen {C}(became) manifest;
come out of

{MSA}eni bhtni the remaining elements
{T}
byung
byed sdud sgra separating and

connecting particles (?)
byed pa {N}racayati to separate; open;
byung byung byung byung bhta-viea

certain [physical] elements
separate; differentiate{BJ 34.4}; opener
byung bai byed rgyu
byed par byed par gyur te
byung byung byung byung {MV}utpatti-
{C}bheda prakipati {C}causes dissention
byes pa defined (as in beautifully
kraa creative cause of arising
byung bar
byung
byung byung byung {C}prasuta arising; arisen
{C}issued
defined)
byon
byon/
byond/ byon/ byond/ come; arrive
byung bar gyur pai reg bya
byor vibhut fortune; treasure;

bhta-spraavya tangible object which is an
element; elemental tangible object
acquisitions
Divisions: dbye ba/ 1 sa/ 2

chu/ 3 me/ 4 rlung / Divisions: (1) earth (pthiv);
(2) water (p); (3) fire (tejas); (4) wind (vyu)
byung yod
dbye/
byed/ phye/ phyes sam byed/ to separate; open;
separate; differentiate{BJ}; opener{BR}
{PH}source
byung byung byung byung {MSA}bhta-kta

made with elements {T}
byed
byung bai gnas {MSA} kara
byung bar gyur
byung bas byas pa
byung byung byung {C}sambhava {C}source;

there can be; possibility; possible origin; make
possible
byung ba lhag ma rnams
byung bai bye brag
byung byung byung byung {C}utpattito bhavati;

{C}utpadyate; {C}niryti; {C}prdurbhavati; {C}
pracarati arises; arising; will arise; which
is an element{D1} {C}is produced; appear;
arises; goes forth; proceeds; circulate; be observed;
appears; spread
byor rgyu {MSA}vibhut-hetu cause of

fortune
byor dang mthun spyod

ye shes
{MSA}vibhutvnucara ... jna wisdom which
536
bral bar gyur ro {C}
acts in accordance with [ones] fortune ? {T}
byor pa {MSA}vibhutva; {MSA}vibhti;
prativinodayati (=sarvath-apanayant) to be
devoid of; become free from; lack; separate from
{C}gets rid of
{MSA}aupayika; {MSA,MV}samddhi; {MSA}

sapatti; {MSA}lia; {C}samdhyayati; sapad
fortune; treasure; acquisitions {C}get
accomplished
bral bar byed de {C}vivecayati
byor par gyur cig {C}
(=vivekayati = paribheti) separate; estrange;

disjoin {C}dissuade
samdhyate; {C}samdyantm {C}get

accomplished; foster
bral bar byed pa {C}vivecanat;
{C,MSA}samddhi; {MSA}vibhutva; {MSA}vibhti;

{MSA}lia; {MSA}aupayika; sapad fortune;
treasure; acquisitions {C}accomplish; succeed;
affluence
bral bar byed pai
{C}vivecayati separate; estrange; disjoin {C}

dissuade; critical examination
byor ba {LCh}sapanna; {MSA}sapatti;
tshig rnams {C}viveka-padni {C}discouraging

remarks
time of fortune; time of acquisition
bral bar mi byed pa {C}
jna exalted wisdom of fortune; exalted

wisdom of acquisition
bral med
byor bai dus {MSA}sapatti-kla
byor bai ye shes {MSA}vibhutva byor brel yoga yoga; relatedness

bra go can {GM3.1} kharjrika {PH}
bras mchog ldan pa {MSA}

parama-phalhya having the highest fruit
bral ba {C}visayoga to be devoid of;
bras dus kyi snying rje
free from; lack; separate from {C}disjoining

from
compassion at the time of the effect
bras gnas phala-stha; phala-sthita
bral ba med {C}avisayoga not
Abider in the Fruit
devoid of; not lacking; not separate from {C}

undisjoined
bral ba la sgrib pa {MV}vileaapagama obstructions to separation
{PH}
bras pu phala effect

bras spungs Dre-pung (Rice
Mound) Monastic University (founded in 1416),

west of Lhasa, relocated to Mundgod, N.K.,
India in 1959
bras bu {C,L,MSA,MV}phala; {MSA}
suffering of self-denial
apagama creative cause of separation
highest fruit; highest result
bral/ bral/ bral/ {MV}apagama; {MV}vilea;

visayoga to be devoid of; free from; lack;
separate from
bral bai byed rgyu {MV}vilea-
bras phala effect; result; fruit
bras chan cooked rice; rice-pap

bras mchog {MSA}agra-phala
bral/
bral bai sdug bsngal
{PH}continuously;
inseparably; without separation
rang bras own effect
Kharjrika
bral
avirahita not lacking; not separate from; not

free from
537
phalatva effect; result; fruit

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ 1 bskyed
bras bu ltar tsho bar {C}
bya/ 2 phan gdags bya/ Definition: (1) that which is
produced; (2) that which benefits
phalopajvya {C}a life-giving fruit
bras bu thun
dbye ba/ 1 rnam smin gyi bras bu/ 2
Divisions:
mong dod pa yid la byed {MSA}sdhraaphalecch-manasikra mental contemplation

desiring the concordant effect
bdag poi bras bu/ 3 rgyu mthun gyi bras bu/ 4

skyes bus byed pai bras bu/ 5 bral bai bras bu/
Divisions: (1) fruitional effect; (2) dominant/
empowering effect; (3) causally concordant effect;
(4) personally made effect; (5) separative effect
bras bu thob
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}phala-prpta

{C}one who has attained the fruit [of an Arhat]
bras bu thob pai khyad
bras bu skye ba {MSA}phalodaya
par thob/thob thob

thob thobs {MSA}phala-prpti-viea feature/
attribute of attaining the effect {T}
resultant-birth state; production of an effect;

produce an effect
bras bu skye bai
bras bu rnam pa bzhii
snyoms jug *kryasampatti resultant-birth

sgrib pa {MSA}phalvaraa (catur-vidha-) the

obstructions of the four fruits/effects
bras bu mngon par grub
bras bu phel ba {MSA}phala-
pa grub grub
grubs/grub grubs {MSA}phalbhinirvartana
(e.g.: buddhatva-phalbhinirvartana) manifestly
established effect
vddhi impel an effect; increase the effect
bras bu byang chub chen
po {MSA}mah-bodhi-phala the fruit, great

enlightenment
bras bu lnga {MV}paca-phala the

five effects; the five fruits
bras bu lnga bstan pa
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}paca-
phala-sadarana teach/indicate the five effects
bras bu gcig pa
bras bu byin

dbyung byin phyung phyungs {MSA}(phal):
phalasi issue forth fruit/effects {T}
bras bu byung ba
byung byung byung byung {MSA}phalodaya

give rise to an effect
{PH}sameness
of effect
bras bu byor ba {MSA}phala-
bras bu che vhatphala; bhatphala
samddhi acquisition of the fruit
Great Fruit
bras bu ma thob
bras bu che ba {MV}mah-phala;

thob/thob thob thob thobs {MV}aprpte-
vhatphala great effect; great fruit; Great

Fruit (the third and highest level of the Fourth
Concentration)
phala not attain the fruit; unattained fruit
bras bu ma dmigs pa
bras bu chen po {MSA}mah-phala

non-observation of an effect
great effect; great fruit
bras bu med pa {MV}niphala
bras bu chos sku
fruitless; non-effect; no effect; without an effect
*phaladharmakya fruit body of attributes;

Truth Body, the fruit
538
bras bu myur du grub pai rgyu mngon shes
bras bui dngos por med
{MSA}phala-bhvensat does not exist as a thing

which is an effect {T}
drug la doms pa guidance concerning the six

clairvoyances causes of quickly achieving fruits
bras bui gtan tshigs
bras bu myong {MSA}phalnubhti
{GD:278} kryahetu effect reason {GD:287}

reasoning by effects
experience an effect
bras bu dzin pai yon

tan
bras bui theg pa phala-yna
Effect Vehicle
{MSA}phala-parigraha-gua qualities of
apprehending the effect
bras bu yang dag par
bras bui don {MSA}phalrtha

fruitional meaning {T}
grub pa grub grub

grubs/grub grubs {MSA}phala-samudgama
thorougly established effect
bras bu yod pa {MSA}abandhya
bras ma dmigs pa kryaanupalabdhi nonobservation of an effect
bras yum fruit Mother (perfection of

wisdom)
bras yum la nye
fruitful; existent effect; have the fruit
bras bu yod par {C}amogha(m);
bai gzhi shes phalamtamtursannbhta

vastujnam knower of bases that is close to the
fruit Mother
{C}avandhya fruitfully; fruitful; not fruitless

{C}not barren; bear the fruit
bras yum la ring
bras bu la gnas pa {N}phala-
bai gzhi shes phalamtamturdrbhta

vastujnam knower of bases that is distant
from the fruit Mother
sthita Abider in the Fruit{N}
bras bu la dmigs pa
bras yod {C}avandhya fruitful; having
observing the fruit
the fruit; existent effect {C}not barren; bear the

fruit
bras bu la zhugs pa
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {N}phala-
bri
pratipannaka Approacher to the Fruit{N}
bras bu
bri / bri / bri / bri
- to diminish; or, bri / bri / bris / bris - to write

{T} {MSA}vyaya; natva; nyna diminish;
diminishing; grow less; write; dri (the female
version of the yak)
sangs rgyas nyid mngon par grub pa

{MSA}buddhatva-phalbhinirvartana manifestly
establish the fruit, Buddhahood
bri dang phel {MV}hnivddhi
bras bui sgo
diminishment and increase
nas rigs khyad par bya ba {MSA}phalato gotravieaa special lineage from the point of view
of effect
bri ba {MSA}natva; {MSA}nyna
diminish; grow less; diminishment{BJ 38.1,

quoting MSA}
bras bui ngo mtshar che ba bri ba la brten pa {C}hna-
bhgya in dependence upon diminishing {C}

what lowers
{MSA}phalcarya greatly marvellous effect
539
brel pa {LCh,MSA,MV}sabandha; {C}
bri bar mi gyur {MSA}na
... avahyate not become diminished; nondiminishment
bri zhing phel ba {MV}hnivddhi

diminishment and increase
bring {LCh,C,L,MSA}madhya; {MSA}
tha dad gang zhig de ldog stabs kyis khyod ldog dgos/
vimadhyama medium; middling {C}middle;

medium
Definition: (1) it is different from that; and (2) it

must cease by the power of that ceasing
bring skor gsum the three
Divisions: dbye
ba/ 1 bdag gcig brel/ 2 de byung brel/ Divisions:
(1) relation/related in the sense of being one entity
(tadtmya-sabandha); (2) relation/related in the
sense of arising from that (tadutpatti-sabandha)
middling cycles
bring gi chung ngu madhyamdu

small of the middling
bring gi chen po madhydhimtra
brel pai dbang {MSA}sabandha-
great of the middling
bring gi bring madhyamadhya
vaa power of joining; connecting power
brel pas sdug bsngal nyid
middling of the middling
bring po {MSA}madhya middling;
{MV}sabandha-dukhat suffering due to

connection
middle; the middle
bring ba {MSA}madhya middling;

middle; the middle
bru {C}dhnya; {C}yav (1) grain [of barley;

corn; etc.]; (2) letter {C}corn; barley
bru mar {L}taila oil; oil lamp

brug thunder; dragon
brug gi {C}jmta {C}like thunder
brug gi sgra dbyangs {MSA}
{C}avanaddha; {C}baddha; {C}sabandha; {C}

pinaddha relationship; join; relate; connect;
become connected; relation; related; connectives;
related phenomena {C}connected (with);
pursue; joined; contained; bound; tied to; caught in;
connection
tu byed pa sabandha-park-vtti Analysis of

Relations, by Dharmakrti (chos kyi grags pa) P.
5713, vol. 130
brel ba med pai don
brug yul Bhutan

brum nag smallpox
bre pa bre/ bre/ bres/
asamgatrtha meaningless; unrelated; nonrelated things
brel bar ma yin pa {C}
asabandha non-connection; not joined;

unconnected
brel join; relate; connect; become

connected
brel ba {L}sabaddha; {C}anubaddha;
brel ba brtag pai rab
megha-svara-gho sound of thunder
brel sgra [connect-sound]; genitive case
pratibandha; {MSA}abhisabandha; {MSA}

lalit; {MSA}lia(tva); {MSA}sabaddha; {MSA}
sahita; {MV}sayoga join; relate; connect;
become connected; relation; related; relationship
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ khyod de dang
brel zla related object

brel yul *sabandha-viaya object of
relation
540
bres
sbas/ sbas/ secret [past of sba, to conceal]
bre/ bre/ bres/
brog dkon pa {C}aav-kntra

{C}wild forest
brog dgon pa {C}aav-kntra

{C}wild forest
brog pa nomad
brog me shor bai gnod pa
{C}agnidhe vartamne {C}a huge conflagration
spreading
brog sa {PH}nomadic area

brong wild yak
rba vici wave
rba klong [wave-center]; whirlpool
rba rlabs vici wave
rba rlabs khrugs pa
khrug khrug khrugs khrugs {L}
taragabhaga turmoil and breaking up (of

limbs?)
rbo phug pa pierced (?)

lba ba goiter
lbu ba rdos pa {C}phenapia
{C}
sba/ sba am sbed/
sba ba {C}gupti; {C}-lin to conceal;
concealment {C}protection; in possession of

{PH}Affirmation of
sBa (sba bzhed)
sbar
sbyang dka {MSA}sudurjay; durjay;

{MSA}jyate dukha Difficult to Overcome
sbyang dka ba sudurjay; {MSA}

durjay; {MSA}jyate dukha Difficult
to Overcome; Difficult to Overcome (fifth
bodhisattva ground)
sbyang bar bya ba

sbyang sbyong sbyangs sbyongs {MSA}sdhana
object/action of purification
sbyangs
sbyang sbyong
sbyangs sbyongs {MSA}(udh): odhayat; {C}
sadhvati; {MSA}kta purify; wash; practice;
train; cleanse; clean; purity; purification {C}
err about; run together
{C}
one who has behaved in accordance with ascetic
practices
sbord/ kindle
sba/ sba /sbed/
sbyang sbyong
sbyangs sbyongs {C}viodhana purify;
purification
sbyangs sdom {C}dhuta-vtta
sbar/ sbor/ sbard/
sbal pa toad
sbas
sbyang
sbyang
sbyong sbyangs sbyongs {N}viodhana purify;
purification
sbas/ sbas/ to conceal
sba bzhed
thickness large; bulky; big; size
sbyang ba
mass of foam
sba
sbas don secret meaning; hidden meaning

sbas pa secret [past of sba, to conceal]
sbubs inside; interior; tube
sbubs stong {PH}cavity; empty place
sbe se kob movie theatre
sbo high
sbom po gross contravention {PH}thick;
sbyangs pa {C}dhta; {MSA}uttpanat;

{MSA}udagra; {MSA}vyutpanna {C}ascetic
practices
541
sbyangs pa
41.3} [past of sbyor]
sbyang
sbyong sbyangs sbyongs {C}uttapta purification;

wash; purify; practice; train; purified; cleansed;
purifying {C}refined; splendid; well-purified
sbyangs pa mkhyen pai
yon tan mkhyen mkhyen

mkhyend mkhyend the quality of knowledge
through training {GZ 66a.6}
sbyar ba
sbyar sbyor sbyard

sbyord {MSA}anuga; {MSA}anusra (e.g.: akagata-anusra}; {MSA}bandha (e.g.: loka-bandha)
join; connect; affix; apply; prepare; establish;
associate{BJ}; applied to (with preceding la){BJ
41.3} [past of sbyor]
sbyar bar bgyi {L}yojanya join;
sbyangs pa ma byas pa {MV}
connect; affix; apply; prepare; establish;

associate; joined united; apply oneself; employ
sbyar bar bya ba
aparikarmit not practiced purification
sbyar
sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}prayojya; {MV}
yojayitavya; {MV 3.16cd}yojya should be joined/
connected/etc. {T}
sbyangs pa yang dag sdom
{C}dhta-salekha {C}austere penance of the

ascetic practices
sbyangs pai yon tan {C}dhta-
sbyar bar smon lam debs
pa gdab debs btab thobs

{MSA}prayojayitu praidadhti make wishes to
join/connect ... ? {T}
gua {C}qualities of an ascetic; ascetic practices
sbyangs pai
yon tan gyi sdom pa mi btang ba

gtang gtong btang thongs {C}dhta-gua-
salekha-anuvarjanat {C}the non-abandonment

of the austere penances of the ascetic practices
sbyar ba; ldan pa
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord yoga conjunction;

association
sbyangs pai yon tan bcu sbyar byung

gnyis twelve qualities of the purified
yon tan dang yo byad bsnyungs pa {C}dhtagua-salekha {C}qualities of an austere ascetic;

qualities of the ascetic practices
sbyangs pai
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord smmyogika-gandha

manufactured odor
sbyar byung gi rtsa bai kha

sbyar ma dang
sbyangs pai yon
lhung bzed chang zhing spyod {C}saghtipaaptra-cvara-dhraa {C}(when) carrying

his waist-cloth, robe, and almsbowl
tan yongs su brjod pa brjod

rjod brjod rjod {C}dhta-gua-parikrtana {C}
proclamation of ascetic qualities
sbyang
sbyong sbyangs sbyongs fruit of purification
join; connect; affix; apply; prepare; establish;

associate{BJ}; applied to (with preceding la){BJ
sbyar byung gi dri
dog sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord

syogika-mla-vara manufactured primary
color
yon tan dang legs par sdom pa {C}dhta-guasalekha {C}qualities of an austere ascetic;
qualities of the ascetic practices
sbyar
sbyar sbyor
sbyard sbyord syogika manufactured{D1}
sbyangs pai
sbyangs bras
542
sbyin
sbyin/
sbyin/ byin nam sbyind/ byin nam sbyind/ {MV}
dna give; bestow; giving; gift; present; alms;
donation
sbyin du med pa {C}prpyate not
giving; not given {C}can be communicated; with
na: cannot be communicated
sbyin bdag {C}dt benefactor {T}
{PH}patron; benefactor; sponsor {C}giver;

granter
sbyin gnas gyur
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}dakiya {C}

worthy of gifts/donations; worthy of offerings
sbyin gnas su gyur pa yin
no {C}dakiyat gacchati {C}arrives at/

reaches a state where he is worthy of receiving gifts
sbyin rnam kyi chen {MSA}ucca-
sbyin pa rtsol ba {C}dnni dadti

(vicitr) {C}gives various gifts
sbyin pa yongs su sbyong ba

{C}daki-pariuddhi thorough purity of gifts/
giving
sbyin pa la brgyud pa {MSA}

prapara (dne-) give continually
sbyin pa la jug {MSA}dne vartante

engage in giving
sbyin pa la rjes su ston pa
dna-prakra great aspect of giving
dna-samanusti teach giving {T}
sbyin pa {LCh,L,MSA,MV}dna; {C}daki; sbyin pa la sbyor ba

{C}deya; {MSA}dattaka (e.g.: ik-dattaka);
{MSA}visarga verb: give; bestow; present7
noun: giving; gift; present; alms; donation {C}
offerings; that which he bestows
sbyin pa brgyud pa {MSA}dnaparapar give continually
sbyin pa ni bras dang
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}dne prayoga

training/engaging in giving
sbyin pa la sems mnyam
pa nyid {MSA}dne sama-cittatvam equality of

mind with respect to giving
sbyin pa la sogs {MSA}dndi

giving, etc.
bcas te byin {MSA}sa-phala dna datta

bestow a gift together with the fruit [of giving]
{T}
sbyin pa la sogs pa ma
giver; donor
sbyin pa la
sbyin pa po {MSA}dt; {MSA}dyaka
sbyin pa po dang sbyin par bya ba dang

len pa po rnams su rnam par mi rtog pa {MSA}
dt-deya-pratigrhakvikalpana not conceiving
of a giver, object given, or taker {T}
sbyin pa po ni longs
byas pa {MSA}akta ... dndi not perform

giving, etc.
sogs pa la rjes su yi rang ba {MSA}dndnm

anumodan joy of giving, etc.
sbyin pa
la sogs pa la sbyor ba yid la byed pa

sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}dndiprayoga-manasikaraa mental contemplation of
practicing giving, etc.
spyod mi dod spyad spyod spyad

spyod {MSA}bhoga-dve ... dt giver who
does not desire resources
sbyin pa la sogs pai don
ldan pa {MSA}dt kplu compassionate

giver
sbyin pa la
{MSA}dndi ... artha object/meaning of giving,

etc.
sbyin pa po brtse ba dang

sogs pai yon tan la jug pa {MSA}dndi-guapravtti engage in the qualities of giving, etc.
543
sbyin pa las byung
phala fruit/effect of giving
bai bsod nams byung byung

byung byung {MSA}dna-maya puya merit
that arises from giving
sbyin pai bras bu bde ba
through the armor of giving
sbyin pai sbyin pa {MSA}dna-dna
{MSA}dnasya phala sukham happiness, the

fruit of giving
sbyin pai go sgrub achieving

sbyin pai bdag po
the giving of giving
{PH}patron;
benefactor; sponsor
sbyin pai bde ba {MSA}dna-sukha

happiness of giving
sbyin pai gnas {C}dakiya
{C}
worthy of gifts/donations/offerings
sbyin pai yon tan {MSA}dna-gua

qualities of giving
sbyin pai bsam pa {MSA}

sbyin par bgyid pa

{C}dakiyatm gacchati {C}arrives at/reaches
a state/condition where he is worthy of receiving
gifts/donations/offerings
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}dyika give; giver

{C}what bestows
sbyin par bgyid pa ma
sbyin pai pha rol
lags pa {C}dtka not a giver; not give {C}

donor
tu phyin pa dang ldan pa {MSA}dna-pramitsahagata having the perfection of giving
sbyin par dun pa yid
sbyin pai pha rol
la byed pa {MSA}dna-cchanda-manasikra
mental contemplation of the aspiration for giving
tu phyin pa la sogs pa {MSA}dndi-pramit

the perfections of giving, etc.
sbyin pai
pha rol tu phyin pai mthar gyis sbyor ba

sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord serial training
in the perfection of giving
sbyin pai phan yon {MSA}
sbyin par bya ba {L,MSA}deya {MSA}

(e.g.: dt-deya) gift
sbyin par byed {C}dyaku; {MSA}dne

... ktv (k) giving {C}honor
sbyin par byed pa (d): {C}dtr;
{MSA}dadat; {MSA}dna (e.g.: aivarya-dna);

{MSA}(yam): yacchanti giving {C}it bestows
dnnuasa advantage of giving
sbyin pai phar phyin perfection of
sbyin pas dga ba {MSA}dna-prti
giving
joy of giving; joy from giving
sbyin pai phung
sbyin pas longs
spyod khrims kyis bde spyad spyod

spyad spyod from giving, resources; from ethics,
a good transmigration
poi rnam par smin pa {MSA}dna-skandhasya

vipka mature the collection of giving
sbyin pai dbang {MSA}dna-vaa
sbyin byed {MSA}dt; {MSA}dyaka (e.g.:
power of giving
achieving through the collection of giving
dnaya thought of giving; generous thought
sbyin pai gnas su gyur ro
sbyin pai bras bu {MSA}dna-
sbyin pai tshogs sgrub
vara-guadhana-dyaka; sugati-sthiti-dyaka); {C}

pradt giver; giving {C}bestowal
544
sbyod [misspelling of spyod pa] practice

sbyin rlabs empowering blessing
sbyin la mngon dga yin pa sbyod lam behavior
{MSA}dnbhirata manifest joy in giving
sbyor sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord
sbyin la sogs pa sgrub pa
{C}niyojayati; {C}prayojayati; {C}yujyate;
{MSA}dndi-pratipatti establish giving, etc.
sbyin sreg {LCh}homa burnt offering

sbyin sregs burnt offering
byung dka ba {PH}difficult to tame
sbyong sbyang sbyong
sbyangs sbyongs {C}uddhi purify; wash;
practice; train; cleanse; clean; purity;
purification
sbyong ba
sbyor dngos mjug gsum
preparation, actual [session], end [of session]
sbyong sbyangs sbyongs {C}pariodha purify;

purification {C}clean
sbyor mthai bras
sbyang sbyong sbyangs sbyongs {MSA}viodhaka

purify; wash; practice; train; cleanse; clean;
purity; purification; one who...
sbyong bar byed pa
sbyang sbyong sbyangs sbyongs {C}
sbyang
sbyong sbyangs sbyongs purifier; washer;

practitioner; trainer; cleanser; cleaner; the
means of...
sbyongs
sbyang sbyong
sbyangs sbyongs purify; wash; practice; train;

cleanse; clean; purity; purification
sbyongs bras
sbyang
sbyong sbyangs sbyongs fruit of purification/

washing/cleansing/purifying/practicing/training/
cleaning
bui yid byed sbyar sbyor sbyard

sbyord prayoganihaphalamanaskra mental
contemplation that is the fruit of final training
sbyor mthai yid byed

prayoganihamanaskra mental contemplation
of final training
sbyor ba
abhiyandayati purify; wash; practice; train;

cleanse; clean; purity; purification; one who...;
the means of... {C}softens; irrigates
sbyong byed
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord the three
sbyang
sbyong bar byed
{C}yojayati; {C}saprayukta; {MSA}prayukta;

{MSA}prayoga verb: join; connect; apply;
affix; prepare; establish7 noun: application;
preparation; exertion; joining; connection;
endeavor; syllogism {C}incite to; enjoin
(upon); embark on; applies oneself; be engaged in;
be joined to; practice; is tenable (to say); logical
to equate [with negative: is not tenable (to say);
not logical to equate]; apply oneself to; distribute
(evenly); join up (with);
545
sbyar sbyor sbyard

sbyord {C,MSA,MV,GD}prayoga; {C}prayogat;
(yuj): {MSA}yojayanti; {MSA}yojana; {C,MSA}
yoga; {C}yojayati; samaprayoga; {MSA}anuyoga;
{MSA}niyojana; {MSA}sayojana; {MV}
nibandhana; {C}liyate; {MSA}yang dag par sbyor
ba = saniyojana; sampad; sayoga verb: join;
connect; apply; affix; prepare; establish; practice
7 noun: preparation; connection; syllogism;
application; exertion; joining; endeavor;
fortune; conjunction {PH}application;
exertion {C}work [the integration of theory
and practice exercised by the Bodhisattva]; exert
oneself; devotion; practice; junction; occupation;
undertaking; matter for joining; apply oneself to;
yoked to; distribute (evenly); join up (with); cling;
exercise; asso
sbyor ba mthai bras
te sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord

{C}lno bhavati depend upon application/
connection {C}clings to
bu yid byed sbyar sbyor sbyard

sbyord prayoganiaphala-manaskra mental
contemplation that is the fruit of final training
sbyor ba la ldem por
sbyor ba mthai yid byed
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord mental
dgongs pa intending translation
contemplation of final application
sbyor ba dang mthong ba dang sgom pa dang mthar

thug pai lam {MSA}prayoga-darana-bhvannih-mrga paths of preparation, seeing, and
meditation, and final [i.e., no more learning]
sbyor ba dang ldan pa
sbyor ba dei dzin
stangs mnyam nyid prayogasya samat equality

in the mode of apprehension of trainings [in a
knower of bases]
sbyor ba pa
sbyar sbyor
sbyard sbyord {MSA}prayogin; {MSA}pryogika

(e.g.: kramopalakaa-pryogika; prativedhapryogika; sakhyopalakaa-pryogika} one
who prepares; one who applies himself/herself
sbyor ba byas nas
sbyor ba las byung bai

brtson grus sbyar sbyor sbyard
sbyord effort arising from application
sbyor ba las mi ldog pa nyid

prayognirvartita non-reversal from application/
preparation
sbyar
sbyor sbyard sbyord {EO}prayogado faults
of trainings; faults/defects of training
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord having performed the

yoga
sbyor bai sgo nas
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}prayogatas

from the viewpoint of application/preparation/
training
sbyor bai sgrib pa
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {C}ayoga nonapplication; non-preparation; non-connection

{C}non-junction; not a matter for joining
sbyor ba med pa

sbyor ba la ldem por dgongs pa/ bsgyur ba
sbyor bai skyon
sbyor ba ma yin pa
la ldem por dgongs pa parimbhisadhi

indirectly intending translation; intending
translation
la ldem por dgongs pa parimbhisadhi

indirectly intending translation
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}prayogasahagata endowed with application

sbyor ba la ldem por dgongs pa; bsgyur ba

sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MV}prayogvaraa
obstructions to application/preparation/training
sbyor bai sngon du
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MV}aprayoga nonapplication; non-preparation; non-connection
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}di-prayogatas

prior to training
sbyor ba rtsom ste

sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {C}prayogn rabhate
begin application/preparation {C}undertake
exercises
sbyor bai thabs
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}prayogopya

method/technique of training
sbyor ba la brten par gyur sbyor bai mthar phyin

par song ba
546
sbyar sbyor sbyard
sbyord {MSA}prayoga-paryanta-gamana
progress to completion of training
sbyor bai gnas
trainings
sbyar
sbyor sbyard sbyord {MV}prayogvasth place

of training; topic in training
sbyor bai brtson grus
sbyor lam prayoga-mrga path of
preparation
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ don mngon rtogs/ Definition:
clear realization of meaning
prayoga-vrya effort in training
sbyor bai mtshan nyid
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 drod/ 2 rtse mo/ 3 bzod pa/ 4
chos mchog Divisions: (1) heat; (2) peak; (3)
forbearance; (4) supreme mundane qualities
prayogalaki characteristics of trainings/

characteristics
sbyor bai yid la byed pa

pryogika-manaskra mental contemplation of
training/trainees
sbyor lam rtse sbyor path-of-
preparation peak training; peak training of the

path of preparation
sbyor bai yon tan prayogagua/
sbyor lam bzod pa

sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord forbearance level of
the path of preparation
gua qualities of trainings
sbyor bar byed

sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {C}niyojayati; {C}
sasyandayati training; train; joining;
connecting {C}incite to; enjoin (upon); unite
with; agree with
sbyor bar byed do
sbyor lugs skyon can faulty

mode of structuring the statement
sbra stod tshal
sbrag
sbyor byed pa
sbyar
sbyor sbyard sbyord {C}niyojana; {C}prayujyati
training; train; joining; connecting {C}incite
to; enjoining; enjoin (upon); makes effort; unite
with
sbyor tshul
sbyar sbyor
sbyard sbyord mode/way of application
sbyor zhing bad pa cher
rtsol {C}cetate {C}bestirs himself; be astir with
/ sbyor bzhi / sbyor ba bzhi four

sbrag sbrag
sbrags/ sbrags/ connect; conjoin
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord virtues arising

from application in this life
{PH}upper Dra-tsal
[region in Tibet]
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {C}sasyandayati

{C}unite with; agree with
sbyor byung gi dge ba
complete training in all aspects (rnam kun mngon rdzogs

sbyor ba), peak training (rtse mo'i sbyor ba), serial
training (mthar gyis pa'i sbyor ba), and momentary
training (skad cig ma'i sbyor ba)
547
sbrag khang post office

sbrags sbrag sbrag
sbrags/ sbrags/ connect; conjoin
sbrang bu bhramara bees

sbrang ma {L}bhramara black bee
sbrang mo {PH}beggar-woman
sbrang rtsi {L}madhu honey; sweetness
sbrang rtsii ro {L}madhu-rasa taste of
honey
sbran te {C}arocayati
{C}(solemnly)
ma khad du
declare; announce
sbru ma {C}gurvii(ya) {C}pregnant

sbrum ma {C}gurvii(ya) {C}pregnant
sbrul snake
sbrul gyi mdud pa snake-knot
sbrul gyis gang bar {C}
{PH}as soon as; just done; just
recently
ma khengs pa {MSA}anunnat nonhaughtiness; non-arrogance
ma khyab {MSA}avypin no pervasion; no

entailment
ma khyab pai skyon fallacy of nonpervasion
vyvakra among snakes {C}infested with

wild beasts
ma mkhyen pa

mkhyen mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend {C}ajta not
known; unknown. {C}not cognized
sbrul gdug {PH}poisonous snake

sbrul gdug pa poisonous snake
sbrul tshong {PU} veya {PH}snake-
ma khrugs zhing
anavakra not disturbed; not angry {C}

unconfused
merchant; prostitute
sbrul shad {PH}ornamental shay mark

sbro ba delight
bha ga bhaga vagina [transliteration of
ma khrul {C}abhrnti non-
mistaken{BR} {C}the fact that one is not

deceived
ma khrul pa {MSA}abhrnta non-
Sanskrit word bhaga]
ma {LCh,C,MSA}mt; {MSA}a- (e.g.: akta,
mistaken
ma khrul ba abhrnta non-mistaken;
etc.); {MSA}na (1) mother ; (2) particle

indicating negative: not; non-; un-
nonmistaken
ma skor ba not turned (before){BJ 29.4} ma khrul bai rig pa abhrntabuddhi non-mistaken awareness
ma skyes pa {C,MSA}anutpanna; {C,MSA}
ajta; {MV}anutpatti uncreated phenomenon;
ma khrul bai shes pa
not produced{N}; unproduced; noncreation{D1}; non-produced {C}non-arising;
unborn; not born
ma skyes pai chos anutpanna-
dharma an unproduced phenomenon; uncreated

phenomenon
ma bskyed pa
bskyed
skyed bskyed skyed {C}anavaropita; {C}ajanita
not generated; not produced {C}not having
planted
ma khad
ma gir down there

ma gus {MSA}vimna non-humility; nonrespect
ma gus pa {MSA}andara non-humility;

non-respect
{PH}as soon as; just done; just
recently
abhrnta-jna non-mistaken consciousness

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang gi snang yul la ma khrul bai rig
pa/ Definition: an awareness that is non-mistaken
with respect to its appearing object
ma gos pa {MSA}nirlepa unsullied;

unpolluted
548
ma grub
abhvayitv if not meditated/cultivated
grub
grub grubs/grub grubs asiddha not established
ma grub na

grub grub grubs/grub grubs if the reason is not
established ...
ma grub pa

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {C}asamudnta
not achieved; not attained; not accomplished
{C}not brought about
ma grub pai gtan tshigs
ma gh {C}magh
grub grub grubs/

grub grubs asiddha-hetu <div>nonestablished
reason; unestablished [reason]</div>
ma nges {MSA}aniyata; {MSA}antatva;
{MSA}anaikntika indefinite; not ascertained;

non-ascertainment
ma nges rtags
grol grold grol grold {MV}amukta-muktatva

release of what was not released
grold grol grold {C}amukta not released {C}

not freed
grol grold grol grold {MV}
bgyid bgyis gyis {C}akta not made; not done
ma nges pai gtan
tshigs anaikntika-hetu indefinite reason;

unascertained {GD:276}
{PH}indefinite
ma mngal du gro ba {L}
garbhvakrnti entry into a womb; descent into

the womb
ma mngal du jug pa {L}
ma gong ba not overpowered

ma rgad {L}marakata emerald
ma rgal ba brgal
garbhvakrnti entry into a womb; descent into

the womb
ma gcig lab sgron ma Female

Tibetan siddh who founded gcod meditation,
which involves offering ones body to demons
rgal brgald rgold {C}atra not cross over
ma chags {C}anadhyoita; {MSA}asaga;

{MSA}na sakta non-attachment; unattached
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {MV}(bh):
antatva; {MSA}anaikntika indefinite; not

ascertained; non-ascertainment {C}not fixed
(on); one whose destiny is not fixed
lineage [of person]
gag gag gags gags {C,MSA}aniruddha not

stopped/obstructed/destroyed/ceased/halted/
impeded
ma rgyal ba {MSA}ajita unconquered

ma bsgoms na
ma nges pa {LCh,C,MSA}aniyata; {MSA}
ma nges pai rigs
bgyi
ma gags pa
{PH}uncertain sign;
indefinite sign
grol
ma bgyis pa
{C}name of an herb; a cure
for all poisons
ma grems pa {C}aithilya {C}laxness

ma grol grol ba
amukta-muktatva release of what was not

released
ma bsgribs pa {MSA}anvta
ma bsgrubs pa
asiddha; {MSA}anipanna; {MV}asiddhatva not

established
ma grol ba dang grol ba

bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms abhvana; {C}abhva
non-meditation; non-cultivation {C}absence
unobstructed; undefiled
grub grub grubs/grub grubs {LCh}
ma grol ba
ma bsgoms pa
549
ma chags pa {LCh}alobha; {LCh}
ma gtogs {C}sthpayitv [not-include];
vairga; {C,MSA}asakta; {C,MSA}asakti

non-attachment; unattached {C}absence of
attachment
ma chags la sogs {MSA}alobhdi

non-attachment, etc.
ma chad pa
chad
chad chad chad {C}acchinna not cut off; not

annihilated {C}not cut apart
ma mchis pa {C}abhva; {C}
asavidyamna; {C}asat; {C}asattva is not;

non-; not {C}absence; which does not exist; nonexistent; since he has not got; absent; what is not
(there); it is not; non-beingness; has no real being
ma mchis pa yang dag pa
nyid {C}asadbhtat; {C}nstita non-beingness

{C}unreality
ma jigs pai spobs pa
{PH}
fearless confidence
not including; not included within; not included

among; except ldog
chas phye ba tsam ma gtags except for being
merely distinguished by the isolate factor{PGP]70}
ma gtogs pa {MSA,MV}vinirmukta
{MSA}(e.g.: dharma-dhtu-vinirmukta); {MSA}

(vj): varjayitv; {MSA}vyatirekea (e.g.:
dharmat-vyatirekea) [not-include]; not
including; not included within; not included
among; except {C}with the exception of; except
for; apart from; all equally; but; other than; nothing
else than; outside
ma gtogs par {C}sthpayitv; {C}
anyatra; {MV}vin [not-include]; not including;

not included within; not included among; except
{C}with the exception of; except for; apart from;
all equally; but; other than; nothing else than;
outside
ma gtogs par de ma yin
pa {C}sthpayitv not including; not included

within; not included among; except {C}with
the exception of; except for; apart from; all equally;
but; other than; nothing else than; outside
ma brjed {MSA}asapramoa nonforgetfulness
ma brjed pa {MV}asapramoa nonforgetfulness
manydzu gho sha ya {PH}Majughoa

ma nyams {MSA}akhaan nondegenerated; undefiled; unspoiled
ma gtogs par gzhan {C}
anyatra other than; not including; not included

within; not included among; except {C}with
the exception of; except for; apart from; all equally;
but; other than; nothing else than; outside
ma nyams pa {C}akhaa; {C}acyuta;
ma btang ba
ma rnyed pa {C}apratilambhamna; {C}
ma btud
gtong btang thongs {C}apaki; {C}amukta not

give away; not send; not let go {C}unbaked; not
freed; not released
{C}anupahata; {C}anuphatu non-degenerated;

undefiled; unspoiled {C}unbroken;
imperishable; safe and sound; uninjured
aprpta; {C}alabhamna; albha loss; not
finding; not gain; not gaining {C}not acquiring;
without having attained
ma rnyongs pa {C}akata
not bent
btud dud
btud dud {C}anavanata not bow; not pay
reverence; not pay homage {C}without bending
ma rtogs
rtogs rtogs
rtogs rtogs {C}anavaghamna not realizing;

not cognizing; not understanding {C}without
plunging in
{C}unhurt;
ma snyan grags ayaas disgrace
gtang
550
ma rtogs rtogs
acquiring; without attainment; non-attainment
ma thos par spong ba
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}abodha-bodha

realize what was unrealized
ma rtogs pa
spang spong spangs spongs {MSA}arutv

pratikepa abandon without attainment {T}
ma mtha [low-limit]; lowest point; the
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}asupratividdha; {C}

anavabudhyamna not realize; not cognize;
not understand {C}not penetrated; without/not
understanding
least; low limit; at the least
ma mthai mtshams lowest point

ma mthong {C}ada unseen; not see;
ma brtags pa

brtag rtog brtags
not seen; not perceive {C}imperceptible
ma mthong na {MV}(pa): apayat
rtags dtangn gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs

{MSA}akalpita non-analyzed; non-imputed;
non-investigated; not designated
when not seeing; unseen; not seeing
ma mthong ba {C}apayan unseen; not
ma brtags ma
see; not seen; not perceive {C}imperceptible;

not seeing; unable to see
dpyod pai blo lhan skyes {PH}an innate

awareness that neither investigates nor analyses
ma dag {MSA,MV}auddha; {MV}auddhi
ma brten {C}angami not depending
impure; not pure; not purified; impurity
upon {C}without resorting to
ma bstan
ma dag skye shi bar do
{PH}
impure birth; death; and the intermediate state
bstan ston
bstand stond {MSA}anupadea not teach; nonteaching; not indicate; non-indication
ma thag tu {C}samanantara immediately/

right/just after; immediately/right/just before
[depending on context] {C}immediately on;
immediately after
ma thag pa samanantara just after [verb

+ ma thag pa]
ma thogs pa {MSA}apratihata nonobstructive; not an obstacle
ma thob
thob/thob
thob thob thobs {MSA}albhin not obtain; not

attain
ma thob nyams pa
ma dag pa {C}auddhi impure; not

pure; not purified; impurity
ma dag pa dang dag
pa yid la byed pa {MV}auddhi-uddhi-manaskra

mental contemplation of impurity and purity;
impure and pure mental contemplation
ma dag pa dang dag
pai gnas {MV}auddha-uddhvasth abide

in impurity and purity; impure and pure place/
abode
ma dag pa gzhan gyi dbang

{PH}impure other-powered natures
ma dag min {MSA}na ... auddha nonimpurity; not impure
aprpta-vihna degenerate non-attainment {T}
ma thob pa

ma dag gzhan dbang

impure other-powered natures
{PH}
ma dad pa {LCh}raddhya; {MV}

araddh non-faith
apratilambhamna; {C,MSA}aprpti; {MSA}

aprpta not obtain; not attain {C}not
551
ma dad pa yid la byed pa
{MSA}aruci-manaskra mental contemplation of

non-faith
ma ning {C}na-pusaka; paaka eunuch;

lacking normative maleness {C}neuter
ma nus nyam thag {PH}destitute

ma dul ba {PH}the untamed
and powerless
ma drangs par without citing{BJ 68.1} ma nor ba {C}abhrnta; {MSA}abhrntika
[not-mistake]; non-mistaken; unerring; without
ma dros {PH}Anavatapta
error; without mistake {C}non-illusion; nonerror
ma dros mtsho anopata; anavatapta
[name of a lake] {PH}Anavatapta [the Ever Cool ma nor bai de bzhin nyid
Lake, another name for lake Manasarovar]
{MV}avitatha-tathat non-mistaken suchness
ma dris {MV}asastava unacquainted;
ma nor bar unerringly

ma nor lam {PH}the unmistaken path
ma pang bu jug child set on
unknown
ma dris pa asastava unknown;

unacquainted
ma dres
mothers lap
dres/dre dres/dre dres dres {C}anupaklia

unmixed; unshared {C}unafflicted; unstained
spang
ma spangs pa
spang
spong spangs spongs {MV}(pra han): aprahya

non-abandoning; when not abandoning
ma dres pa

spong spangs spongs {MV}apraha; {MV}

avihni non-abandoning; non-abandonment
amira; {C}asasarga; {C,MSA}avyavakra;

{MSA}avyavakiraa; {C}asakra; {C}
asasa; {C,MV,MSA}veika; {C,MSA}
kevala; {MSA}aparijaya (=ma dris pa); {MSA}
vibhinna unmixed; unshared {C}exclusive;
not connected; uncontaminated; exclusively; not
submerged (in the wanderings through); noncommingling; uncontaminated; peculiar to; special;
complete
ma spyad pa
spyad spyod
spyad spyod {MV}anuprayoga; {MV}nopayoga
not practice; not enjoy; not make use of; nonpractice
ma spros pai bdag nyid {MSA}

aprapactmaka nature of non-elaboration;
non-elaborated essence
ma dres pa la dmigs pa
ma phebs pa {MSA}ajita not gone

ma phyin par {C}anadhigamya not
dres/dre dres/dre
dres dres {MSA}vibhinnlambana unmixed

object of observation; unshared object of
observation
gone; not having gone {C}before they have

reached
ma dres pai chos bco
brgyad dres/dre
dres/dre dres dres eighteen unshared qualities
ma dres pai yon tan
dres/dre dres/dre dres
ma phye ba {C}aviprayojana non-
distinction; non-differentiation {C}nonseparation
ma phrad {C}alabhantu not meeting; not

connecting; non-connection {C}without having
found
dres {MSA}veika-gua ushared qualities;

unmixed qualities
ma spangs na
552
ma byas pa {C}akaritva; {MSA}akta
not made; not created; not done {C}not having

been furthered; not painted in
ma byas pai chos akta-dharma
chad kyi {C}yvad saptamam (-asya Ad)

mtmahapitmahayugasya (mtpit-yugasya)
{C}backwards through seven generations (on both
his fathers and mothers side)
ma mo {C}mtk
{PH}[n. of mystical
formulae or diagrams which use permutations of
the alphabet] {C}mystical formulae or diagrams
which use permutations of the alphabet
unmade phenomenon; uncreated phenomenon
Definitions: mtshan
nyid/ ma skyes pai chos/ Definition: unproduced
phenomenon
stealing; taking what is not given
ma mo byang sman ma-mo-jang-men
{C}ndatta ndadti not stealing; does not take

what is not given
ma mos
ma byin par len pa {C}adattadna
ma byin par len par mi byed
ma byin len adattadna; adattdna
mos mos mos mos
{C}anadhimuktat; {MV}anadhimukti non-belief/

imagination/faith/interest/inclination/prefer/zeal/
imagine {C}lack of firm belief
ma mos pa
mos mos mos

mos {MSA}anadhimukta; {MSA}anadhimukti
non-belief/imagination/faith/interest/inclination/
prefer/zeal/imagine
stealing; taking what is not given
ma byung ba
(Female spirits responsible for spirit created

infectious bile disorders)
byung
byung byung byung {C}anutpdita; {C}

asabhta non-arisen; not come forth; not
appear {C}not produced; not come into being;
not come about; impossible; not really existing
ma dmigs pa not observed

ma dmigs pai gtan
ma byon {C}aprpta not come; not
tshigs dmigs dmigs

dmigs dmigs anupalabdhi-hetu a correct nonobservation sign; reason of non-observation
{GD:278}
arrived; not attained; without having attained
ma bral ba {MV}avisayoga not free

from
ma bral bar {C}avirahita not free from ma dmigs pai rtags

{C}not lacking (in); one who is not without
ma bral bar rjes su brel

bas {C}citta-nantaryat-virahita {C}while
giving no opportunity to thoughts of another kind
ma brel {C}asasarga; {MV}viyoga not

anupalabdhi-hetu nonobservation sign
ma dmigs pai rtags
yang dag dmigs dmigs

dmigs dmigs samyag-anupalabdhi-hetu a correct
non-observation sign
sbyang
sbyong sbyangs sbyongs {MSA}akta not
practiced/washed/purified/trained
ma rmas {C}akata {C}unhurt; not bent

ma rmongs rmong
ma mes dang pha mes gnyi gai rabs bdun tshun
ma rmongs pa
related; unjoined; not connected {C}no contact
ma sbyangs
rmong rmongs rmongs {MV}avimoha nonobscuration; non-delusion
ma ma {C,MSA}dhtr {C}nurse

rmong
rmong rmongs rmongs {MSA}asamha nonobscuration; non-delusion
553
ma smad pa {MSA}anindit not low; not
not engage in
ma zhum pa
jum
jums zhum zhums {C}anadhypanna; {C}
anavalna; {MSA}alna non-discouragement;
non-slackness {C}not having violated; uncowed
lower
ma smin {MSA}apakva; {MV}avipakvat

not ripened; not matured
ma tshang {MV}vaikalya not complete; not

full
ma zhum pai lus dang ngag dang yid kyi
las
kyi mtha dang ldan pa
ma tshang ba med pa {MSA}avikal
jum jums zhum zhums {C}anavalna-kya-vmana-karmnta having non-discouragement/
non-slackness of body, speech, and mind {C}
one who remains uncowed in all he does with his
body, speech, and mind
not incomplete
ma tshan ba {MV,MSA}vaikalya; {MSA}

vikala not complete; not full
ma tshar bar du until this is completed

ma zhen {C}asakti nonattachment; non ma tshar bar la until this is completed
determination; non-adherence; non-conception
{C}absence of attachment
ma tshogs pa {C}smagr noncollection; uncollected; not assembled {C}
ma zhen pa {MSA}alna nonconcord
ma tshal ba
btsal
tshol btsald tshold {C}akaya; {C}asajnan

not seek; not sought for; unwanted; not ask
{C}uncognizable; inextinguishable; inexhaustible;
indistinguishable
ma dzings {C}asaluita
{C}not
not cut (off)
ma zin pai byung
ma zin pai byung ba las gyur pai sems
rdzogs
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {C}apri incomplete; not

complete; not perfected; unfinished
can du ston pai sgra snyan pa

bstan ston bstand stond anuptta-mahbhtahetuka-sattvkhya-yaa-abda pleasant articulate
sound caused by elements not conjoined with
consciousness
ma rdzogs pa

rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {MSA}anipanna
incomplete; not complete; not perfected;
unfinished
ma zin pai byung ba las gyur pai
ma zhi {MV}aama not pacified; not

peaceful; non-pacification
sems can du ston pai sgra mi snyan pa

bstan ston bstand stond anupttamahbhta-hetuka-sattvkhya-ayaa-abda
unpleasant articulate sound caused by elements
not conjoined with consciousness
ma zhi ba {MSA}anta not pacified; not

peaceful; non-pacification
ma zhugs nas prior to entering

ma zhugs pa zhug
jug zhugs zhugs {MSA}apravia not enter into;
ma zad [not-exhausted]; not only; not just;
ba las gyur pai sgra byung

byung byung byung anupatta-mahbhta-hetukaabda sound arisen from elements not conjoined
with consciousness
shaggy
ma rdzogs
determination; non-adherence; non-conception
554
ma zin pai byung ba las gyur pai
pai phyir It follows that the subject, sound, is not
permanent, because of being impermanent
sems can du mi ston pai sgra snyan pa

bstan ston bstand stond anupttamahbhta-hetuka-asattvkhya-yaa-abda
pleasant inarticulate sound caused by elements
not conjoined with consciousness
ma yin kun rtog {TN}abhtaparikalpa unreal imputation
ma yin dgag {LCh}paryudsa-
ma zin pai byung ba las gyur
pratiedha; paryudsa; niedha {GD:371}

affirming negative; affirming negative
phenomenon; affirming negation; nominally
bound negation {GD:371}; exclusion {GD:371}
pai sems can du mi ston pai sgra mi snyan pa

anuptta-mahbhta-hetuka-asattvkhya-ayaaabda unpleasant inarticulate sound caused by
elements not conjoined with consciousness
dbye ba/ 1 rang zhes
Divisions:
ma gzigs {C}asamkaa not see; not
seen; not view {C}(one who does) not look out

for
brjod pai sgras rang gi phangs byar gyur pai

chos gzhan sgrub pa dngos su phen pai ma yin
dgag 2 rang zhes brjod pai sgras rang gi phangs
byar gyur pai chos gzhan sgrub pa shugs la phen
pai ma yin dgag 3 rang zhes brjod p
ma gzigs pa {C}ada not see; not

seen; not view {C}unseen; imperceptible
ma bzung {C}aghta; {C}anudghan not ma yin dgag gi gzhan

apprehend; not grasp; not hold; not conceive;
not seize {C}not seized; not taking up
sel
ma ongs
{PH}future; future [phenomena];

[phenomena that exist in the] future
ma ongs dus {C}angata [not-come];

future; not yet come; yet to come
ma ongs pa {LCh,C,MSA}angata
mtshan nyid/ rang zhes brjod pai
sgras rang gi dgag bya bkag shul du rang dzin rtog pai
gzhi mthun pa yod pa yang yin/ dgag pa yang yin pai
ma ongs pai dus {MV}angato

dhv future time; the future
ma ongs pai don
{PH}future goal
de
ring gi dus su ma ongs pai don mngon par dod
pai rtog pa a consciousness wishing for a future
object at the present time
bum pa dang gcig ma

yin pa las log pa opposite from not being one with
pot
sgra chos can rtag pa ma yin par thal mi rtag pa yin
elimination that is an affirming negative

Definitions:
gzhal byar phangs pa yang yin/ sgrub pa yang yin pai
[not-come]; future; not yet come; yet to come;

futureness
ma yin {MSA}na is not; not being
bsal sel bsald seld
*pryudsa-apoha other-eliminator/other-
555
gzhi mthun par dmigs pa/ that which is observed as

a common locus of: (1) there existing a common
locus of (a) being projected in place of its object
of negation as an object of comprehension by the
conceptual consciousness apprehending it and (b)
being a positive phenomenon (2)
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 don rang mtshan gyi gzhan sel/ 2 bloi
gzhan sel/ Divisions: (1) factual other-eliminator
that is a specifically characterized phenomenon; (2)
mental other-eliminator
ma yin dgag gi gzhan sel yang yin/ don dam par
don byed nus pa yang yin pai gzhi mthun par dmigs
pa an observed common locus between being
an affirming negative other-eliminator and being
ma yin dgag dang med
dgag paryudsa-pratiedha-prasajya-pratiedha
affirming negative and non-affirming negative
ma yin no zhes zer na {MSA}no

hiti vadet if [someone] should say it is not ...
{T}
ma rig pai kun sbyor
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord thorough

enwrapment of ignorance
ma rig pai mun pa
{PH}darkness
of ignorance
ma rig pas bslad pa polluted by

ignorance
ma rung gyur

gyur gyurd gyur gyurd vilayam; upaiti; nayati;
prayti; prpuati; {C}vrajati unsuitable
ma yin pa de {MV}anya (tad-) the not- ma rung bar byas {MSA}dita

unsuitably done {T}
being {T}
ma rungs pa
ma yin pa las log pa
ma rungs {C}
dua; {MSA}raudra pernicious force; pernicious
entity; pernicious being; hateful; hateful entity;
hateful being {PH}wild beast {C}full of hate
Wild beasts [means]
lions, and so forth. {PU}
atdvayavtti (?) opposite from not being;

opposite from non-; non-non
ma yin par gyur pai rtag
pa something which a permanent phenomenon

is not
ma g.yos pa {C}avicalitatva
unmoving; unwavering; unfluctuating {C}does

not waver
ma rangs disagreement; disparagement
grags zhes pa ma
rangs pai tshig tu snang ba Renowned appears to
be a word of disagreement{LWT 150}
ma rabs [low-class]; low class; vulgar

ma rig thibs po {C}avidya-paala
{C}the covering of ignorance
ma rig pa {LCh,C,MSA,MV}avidy; {MSA}

avidya; ajna [not-know]; ignorance {C}
misconception; misconceiver; misapprehension;
misapprehender; nescience
ma rig pa bslad pa ma

not polluted/affected/distorted by ignorance
{C}misconception; misconceiver; misapprehension;
misapprehender; nescience
556
ma rungs pa
thams cad dul ba shkya thub pa {C}sarva-duavinaya-kyamuni [p.n. of a Buddha]
ma la sogs pa dang
chos mthun pa {MSA}mt-di-sdharmya
concordant phenomena, mother and so forth
ma lags pai grangs su

mchio {C}sakhym gacchati (=vyapadea
gacchati) {C}comes to be styled/called; come
to speak of; makes sense to say; derives his name
from; be reckoned among; is called
ma langs pa without rising

ma lus ma lus pa aea [not-
remain]; none remaining; complete; entirely;

without residue; all; all of; no exception; without
exception
ma lus pa
ma lus {LCh,C,MSA}
aea; {C}nikhila; {MSA}niea [not-remain];

without exception; none remaining; complete;
entirely; without residue; all; all of; no exception
{C}whole; entire
ma lus par {L}nikhila; {L}nirayaea;
{C}krtsnya; {C}niea [not-remain]; none

remaining; complete; entirely; without residue;
all; no exception; without exception {C}whole;
entire; without remainder; full
ma lus par khegs pa the

refutation without residue{MSI 430}
ma lus par spangs pa
ma bslangs
bslang slang /slong bslangs slongs {MSA}(yc):

aycamna not not ask/beg/collect/gather/raise/
inspire/excite/arouse/cause to rise/urge on
ma bslabs par {C}aikita
spang spong spangs spongs complete
unlearned; without learning {C}untrained
abandonment
ma lus par spong ba
asabhta; {MSA}asabhti non-accumulated;

not accumulate; non-composite {C}one who
has not collected
spang spong spangs spongs {L}nikhila-hni
complete abandonment lose (completely);
forsake entirely
ma lus par mdzad entirely
ma h mah [transliteration of Sanskrit

wordmah] great
ma he water buffalo
mang {C,L}bahu; {C}pthu; {MSA}vipula
many {C}much; very; all; long; very much;
broad; vast; large
removed
mang bkur sde
ma lus min {MSA}na ... aea not
{PH}Samity
schools
entirely; not all of
ma lus shing lus pa med pa
aea-anavaea all without remainder; entire

without remainder
ma lus shing lus pa med
par ma lus shing lus pa

med pa {C}niravaeam anavaeam entirely
without remainder {C}all that quantity without
exception or remainder
mang bkur ba {LCh}sanitya;
saity {GD:419} Sanitya; Sammity

school
mang bskur sde
{PH}Samity
schools
mang grangs {PH}many

mang gyed {PH}common [tea] and
ma log pa {MV}aviparyaya; {MV}
[monetary] distributions
mang nyung {MSA}alpa v bahu v
aviparysa non-mistaken; non-reversed
ma log pa de bzhin nyid {C}
number of; much or little
mang ston pa
avitathat non-mistaken suchness {C}nonfalseness
bstan ston bstand stond {LCh}mahsaka

Mahsaka
ma sha soybean
mang thos learned one
ma shes pa {C}akovidu not conscious of;
mang thos pa {LCh}bahurutya
not cognized {C}not conversant with
Bahurutya
ma gsan pa {C}ajta; {C}aruta {C}
mang du ston pa
uncognized; not heard
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}bahula-nirdea
ma bsags pa {C}anupacita; {MSA}
many teachings
557
mang du thos pa {L,MSA}bahuruta;
mang ba {L}vaita powers [especially the
mang du gnas pa {MSA}bahula-
man {MSA}rdhva; {MSA} yvat-svajvita-dna
mang du gnas par gyur {C}
man ngag {LCh,N}upadea quintessential
{MSA}bhurutya; {C}bahurutya {C}very

learned; has heard much; to learn much
group of ten powers that accrue to a Bodhisattva

of the tenth ground (sa, bhmi)]; sovereignty
vihrin; {MSA}bahula-vihrit many abodes;

person with many abodes
(= rang gi srog man chad gtong ba) {PH}on and

below; henceforward
bahula viharati many abodes {C}often
instruction; precept; religious advice;

instruction; instructions; direct speech
mang du byas pa {C}bahul-karoti
man ngag gi rgyud Oral Tradition
{C}makes much of
mang du byed pa {C}bahul-karaat
Tantra [the third of the Four (Medical) Tantras]
man chad {MSA}rdhva; {MSA}rang
{C}making much of
mang drag na if there is too much

mang po {C,MSA}bahu; {C}pthu; {C}
bhulya; {MSA}prabhta; {MSA}bahutva; {MSA}

viada; {MV}bahuvidha many; much {C}
great; enormous; plenty of; big
dbang mang nyung gi khyad par differences in the
number of empowerments{TGP 4}
mang po nyid {C}bahutva
{C}
magnitude; abundance
mang nyid {C;A4C} bahutva
{PH}
magnitude; plurality
If there is not a pot for each
gi srog man chad gtong ba = yvat-svajvitadna below; thereon {PH}on and below;
henceforward
sgra gnas kyi bsam gtan man chad du
zhi gnas sgrub la, ... Although calm abiding is
achieved in the Concentration of Abiding in Sound
and below, ... {TGP 5}
man chad du
{PH}on and below

sgra gnas kyi
bsam gtan man chad du zhi gnas sgrub la calm
abiding is achieved in the concentration of abiding
in sound and below {TGP 5}
ma a la maala [transliteration of
Sanskrit wordmaala = dkhyil khor] mystic

circle
[characteristic], a plurality is not feasible. {A4C}
14.7cd
man shel crystal

mam and; or; particle indicating question
mai mngal du gro ba {C}
mang po rnam pa {MV}bahuvidha

many aspects; many kinds
mang poi sgo {MSA}bahu-mukha

many doors
garbha-avakrnti {C}descent into the womb
mang pos bkur ba {LCh}sanitya; mar ghta (1) butter; ghee; (2) as (ones)
saity {GD:419} {PH}Samity school
mother {PH}lower; downward
mang pos bkur bai sde pa
mar gyi snying khu fat/scum of ghee

mar gyi bum pa ghta-ghaa ghee-
saity {GD:419} Saity school
mang ba {C}bahula; {MSA}prcurya;
pot; butter-pot
{MSA}bahu many; much {C}abundance of;

abounding in
558
mar gyi mtshams med
{PH}
notpatti not produced; unproduced; nonproduction {C}(which) fail to be produced;
no(n)-genesis; the unproduced; was never produced
direct transition downward
mar chen cook

mar me {C,MSA,MV}dpa; {MSA}pradpa;
mi skye ba chos nyid {C}
anutpattika-dharmat unproduced reality {C}

the true (unproduced) nature of all dharmas
{MV}pradyota [butter-fire]; butter lamp; lamp
mar me can {C}dpavat Dpavat
mi skye ba yi bzod pa nyid
[name of a town]
mar me mdzad {C}dpakara
notpda-knti forbearance/patience/tolerance/
endurance with respect to non-production
Dpakara [p.n.of a Buddha]
mar mei dpe {MV}taila-pradyota-
mi skye ba la bzod pa
bzod bzod bzod bzod {C}anutpda-
dnta the example of a lamp
mar la mar {L}ghta ghee; clarified
knti forbearance/patience/tolerance/
endurance with respect to non-production {C}
patient acceptance of non-production
butter
mar la mar gyi snying khu fat/
mi skye bai chos la bzod
scum of ghee
mar shes {C}mt-jat (=mtreyat)

cognize as mother {C}honoring mother
mar shes pa {C}mt-jat (=mtreyat)

cognize as mother {C}honoring mother
mal stan {PH}bed

mas rlung {PH}lower wind
mi na; {C}manuya; {C}nar; {C}purua;

{L}anutpatti-dharma-knti; {C}anutpattikeu
dharmeu knti; {MSA}anutpattika-dharma-knti
forbearance/patience/tolerance/endurance with
respect to the doctrine of non-production {C}
patient acceptance of non-arising dharmas; patient
acceptance of dharmas which fail to be produced
mi skye bai chos
{C,MSA}mnua; {MSA}jana; {MSA}n; {MSA}

manu-ja (1) negative particle: not; non-; is not;
(2) human; person {C}person(ality); (some)one
Divisions: dbye
ba/ 1 gling bzhii mi/ 2 gling phran brgyad kyi mi/
Divisions: (1) men of the four great continents; (2)
men of the eight smaller continents
la bzod pa thob pa
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MV}anutpattikadharma-knti-lbha attain forbearance/
patience/tolerance/endurance with respect to the
doctrine of non-production
mi skye bai
chos la bzod pa yongs su tshol ba

various; not shining; not beautiful
anutpatti-dharma-knti-paryei thoroughly
seek/investigate/examine/research forbearance/
patience/tolerance/endurance with respect to the
doctrine of non-production
not produced; unproduced; non-production
extreme of non-production; non-production-
mi bkra ba {MSA}avicitrat non-
mi skye {C}ajta; {MV}anutpatti; {MV}notpatti mi skye bai mthar {C}anutpda-koi

{C}unborn; not born
limit
mi skye ba {C}anutpattika; {C,MSA,MV}
mi skye bar shes pa
anutpatti {C}(=anutpda); {C}anutpda; {MV}
of non-production
559
{PH}cognition
mi skye bzod pa thob nyid
{MSA}notpatti-knti attainment of forbearance/

patience/tolerance/endurance with respect to
non-production
mi skyed pa
bskyed
skyed bskyed skyed {MV}aropaa; {MV}aropa

non-produced; not generated
mi skyei chos la
ni bzod pa thob pa
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}anutpattikadharmeu knti prpt attain forbearance
with respect to the doctrine of non-production
prpta non-leisure {C}bad moment; bad

rebirth; (one who has) chosen/acquired unfortunate
rebirths
mi khyer ba {C}anropanat
mi skyo bar bya ba {MSA}akheda
mi mkhas {C}avidu; {MV}akauala;
{MSA}abudha not wise; unwise {C}unlearned;

unskilled; careless; unintelligent
{PH}Mi-ky-dor-je
mi mkhas pa {C}akuala; {C}abudhayo
[Eighth Karma-pa]
skrag skrag
not wise; unwise {C}unlearned; unskilled;
skrags skrags {MV}atrsa non-fear; not

frightened
careless; unintelligent
mi mkhyen pa

mkhyen mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend {C}avidita
not known; not know {C}not felt
skrag skrag skrags skrags {MSA}
mi khrugs
mi skrag par bya ba
skrag skrag skrags skrags {MSA}uttrsa
mi khrugs chos can
(an-) object of non-fear; will not be fearful
mi bskyud pa {C}asapramoa;
{C}akopya-dharma undisturbed subject {C}

steadfast in character
asapramoat non-loss; non-forgetfulness

{C}undeluded
khrug khrug khrugs khrugs {C,MSA}akobhya;

{MSA}akopa; {MSA}akobhya(tva); {MSA}
avikrya (e.g.: ynvikrya); {MSA}avikopana
undisturbed; imperturbable; Akobhya [p.n. of a
Buddha]
skrag skrag skrags skrags {MV}anuttrastamnasa non-fearful mind
mi bskyed pa
{C}not put
on (a burden)
object of non-aversion; will not be averse
mi skrag pai yid
mi khom {LCh,C}akaa; {MSA}kaa-rahita
mi khom par gyur pa {C}akaa-
{MSA}akheditva; {MSA}anudvega non-aversion;

non-agitation; non-depression
atrsa-kraatva cause of non-fear
skyod bskyod skyod {C}akobhya undisturbed;

imperturbable; Akobhya [p.n. of a Buddha]
leisure {C}bad moment; bad rebirth
mi skyo ba {MSA}akhinna; {MSA}akheda;
mi skrag pai rgyu nyid
bskyod
mi khom pa {LCh,MSA}akaa non-
produced; non-created; unproduced
mi skrag
mi bskyod pa
non-leisure {C}bad moment; bad rebirth
mi skyes pa {C}anutpanna non-
mi skyod rdo rje
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}anutpdana

(=anutpadana?); {C}anutpda; {C}anutpdayati
non-produced; not generated; unproduced; nonproduction {C}non-arising; prevent from ever
arising
mi khrugs pa

khrug khrug khrugs khrugs {C,MSA}akobhya;
560
{MV}akopyatva; {MSA}akopa; {MSA}akobhyatva;
{MSA}avikrya; {MSA}avikopana undisturbed;
imperturbable; Akobhya [p.n. of a Buddha]
{PH}Akobhya
Then, the
Bhagavan Akobhya, having entered into meditative

absorption in the samdhi called the Vajra that
emanates the Speech of the Tathgata, taught this
mind of enlightenment. Toh. 451 6
mi khrul ba {N}avyabhicrin non-
mi gus {C}agauravatva non-humility;
bsngal byin byed kyi rigs su gnas pa/ Definition: for
one: revealed in scripture, and abiding in the type

which brings forth suffering as a fruition which is
its own effect
mi dge bai grogs po {MSA}
mi dge bai chos {MSA}akuala ...
disrespect {C}lack of respect
dharma non-virtuous phenomena; non-virtuous

qualities/doctrines
{C}
mi dge bai chos
becomes stolid; despond; is cowed
mi gos pa {C}nirupalipta unsullied;
nyams par byed pa {MSA}akuala-dharma-hni

abandon non-virtuous phenonena/qualities/
doctrines
uncovered; unpolluted {C}free from all stains
mi gos par gyur {C}anulipyate
unsullied; uncovered; unpolluted {C}free from

all stains; anoint; besmear
mi dga {MSA}arati unhappy; non-
mi dge bai sems byung
{PH}
non-virtuous mental factors
mi dgos vaiyarthya not necessary; need

not; no need to{BJ 35.4}
joyous
mi dga ba {C}apriyatatva; {MSA}atui

unhappy; non-joyous {C}unpleasing(ness)
mi dga ba yid la byed pa
{MSA}anmodana-manaskra non-joyful
mental contemplation; mental contemplation of
unhappiness
{C}
not sad
mi dgos pa {C}vaiyarthya not
necessary; need not; no need to {C}no need for
mi bgyis pa
bgyi
bgyid bgyis gyis {C}akta {C}not done; not
made
mi gal ba {MSA,N}aviruddha;
{C}avirodhika; {MSA}avirodha noncontradictory{N} {C}which does not obstruct
mi gul {C}(na) spandate (=syandate?)
mi dge {C}aubha; {C}akuala
non-vacillating; not vibrating
non-virtuous; non-virtue {C}repulsive;

unwholesome; foul; impure
{PH}great demerit
lung du bstan pa gang zhig rang bras rnam smin sdug
lam {C}daa-akuala-karmapath the path of

ten non-virtues {C}ten ways of unwholesome
action
arra) {C}corpse
mi dge nyes chen

mtshan nyid/
Definitions:
mi dge bai bcui las kyi
mi gang {PH}one person

mi gang ro {C}mtaka manuya (=mta-
mi dga med pa {C}adurmanas
non-virtuous; non-virtue {C}unwholesome
akalya-mitrat non-virtuous friend
mistaken{N}
mi gong {C}salyate not high
mi dge ba {C,MV}akuala; {C}aubha
561
mi go {MSA}anavabodha not understand;

non-understanding
mi go ba {MSA}anavasabodha not
the end; has insight into
mi bsgyur ba
bsgyur
sgyur bsgyurd sgyurd {C}akupya not transform;
unchanging; not affect; not control {C}of
genuine gold; stand up to any test
understand; non-understanding
mi gong ba {C}anavalnat
{C}
uncowedness; remains uncowed
mi gong ba nyid {C}anavalnatva
mi ngoms nyid {C}atptat non-
{C}absence of despondency
mi gyur
satisfaction; unsatisfied; non-satiation; insatiable

{C}never get tired of (desire)
gyur gyurd
mi ngoms pa {C}atptat non-
gyur gyurd {C}avikra; {MSA}avikti-gamana

immutable {C}without modification
mi gyur ba
satisfaction; unsatisfied; non-satiation; insatiable

{C}never get tired of (desire)
gyur
mi dngangs pa non-oppression
mi mnga mnga mnga
gyurd gyur gyurd {C}avikra; {MSA}acacal;

{MSA}avikrit; {MSA}dha immutable {C}
without modification
mi gyur bai chos can
mnga mnga does not have [honorific for, not

possess]{BJ 69.3}

aviparima-dharma; {C}aviparima-dharmin
immutable subject {C}not liable to reversal
mi gyur bai bde chen
mi mngon {C}gha non-manifest; not

actual {C}does not bulge out (=invisible?)
mi bsngags pa {C}avara not praise;
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd the
immutable great bliss
non-praise {C}colorless; no outward appearance
mi cor smra ba {C}mukhara proponent
mi gyur bai sems immutable
of foolishness {C}garrulous; foolish talk
mi lcog med angamya not-unable

mi lcogs med {LCh}angamya not
mind
mi gyur ro
gyur
gyurd gyur gyurd {MSA}na yti vikti
immutable
unable
mi chags {C}anadhyavasita; {C}
mi gyod pa non-regretful
mi grogs {C}asavsa {C}one does
nisagat; {MSA}sakta (na-) non-attachment;

non-desire {C}not bent on
not meet with; non-intimacy
mi rgyu ba
rgyu rgyu rgyu rgyu
the immobile; the inanimate [i.e. that which does

not move about]
mi sgul ba {C}aprakampya
{C}uninterrupted; indestructible
{C}
unshakeable
mi bsgom par byed
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {C}vibhvayati
not practice meditation; not cultivate {C}
annihilate (by meditation); undevelops; develops to

mi che ba {C}avh; avha Not Great

mi chog not sufficient
mi chod pa {C}ancchedya not cut off
mi chad pa {L}samitam not cut
off; unexplained come together; assembled;

complete; joined
mi chi ba {MV}amaraa non-death; not

deat
562
mi mjed
mi mjed pa {MSA}
adhivsan; {MSA}maraa; {MSA}sahana
obdurate {PH}obdurate
Shkyamunis [Buddha-]field
this Saha world-system
mi mjed pa
mi mjed {MSA}
mi jig pa {C}avina non-
mi jig pai chos avina-dharma

non-disintegrating phenomenon
mi jigs pa/
{C,MSA}abhaya; {L,MSA,MV}vairadya; {MSA}

nirbhayat (e.g.: bhava-nirbhayat) non-fear;
fearless {C}self-confidence
mi nyams pa {C}acyuta; {L}aparihn-;
nyams pai bsam gtan dang ting nge dzin thob pa

{MSA}acyuta-dhyna-samdhi-lbha obtain
an uncorrupted concentration and meditative
stabilization
mi nye mi bzod pa
bzod bzod bzod bzod {C}avimardana-kamatva

{C}easily crushed
mi mnyam {C}atulyat; {C}asama(tva)
mi jigs pa fearlessness
mi jigs pa sbyin pa abhaya-
non-sameness; not the same {C}moving
incomparably; absence of (a state of) sameness
mi mnyam dang mnyam pa {C}
dana bestowing protection{VM}
mi jigs pa bzhi four
asama-sama non-similar and similar; similar to

what is dissimilar {C}(equals the) unequalled;
incomparable
fearlessnesses
mi jug {MSA}avtti non-engagement;
mi mnyam pa {C}visamat; {MSA}
non-entry; does not apply{BJ 53.2}
mi rje {PH}governor
mi brjed {MSA}moat (a-) not
aviama; {MSA}asama non-sameness; not the

same {C}moving incomparably; inequality;
unevenness; absence of (a state of) sameness
mi mnyam pa dang mnyam pa
forgetting; non-forgetfulness{DK 5.9}
mi brjed pa {LCh,MSA}asapramoa;
{MSA}asamoat non-forgetfulness; not
forgetting
mi brjod
brjod rjod brjod

rjod {MV}anudhra not state; non-statement;
not indicate; non-indication inexpressible
brjod
{C}viama non-similar and similar; similar to

what is dissimilar {C}(equals the) unequalled;
uneven (e.g.: citta); not the same; unequal; at
variance; unlawful; difficult; incomparable
mi mnyes par byed par
gyur ro {C}virgayati displease; not pleased

{C}become estranged; turns back on; pleases
permanently
mi snyan {MSA}ayaas; {MSA}ayaasvin
rjod brjod rjod {C}avaktavya not state; nonstatement; not indicate; non-indication {C}
inexpressible
undegenerated {C}never diminish; never lose

again; imperishable
mi
disintegrating{D2} {C}not destroyed;

indestructible
mi brjod pa
unspoiled; undefiled; uncorrupted;
{MSA}akhaan nondegeneration; unspoiled;

undefiled; uncorrupted; undegenerated {C}
never diminish; never lose again; imperishable
adhivsan; {MSA}maraa; {MSA}sahana

obdurate
mi jigs
mi nyams {C}acyuta; {L}aparihn-
unpleasant; non-fame; non-glory
563
mi snyan pa {C}amukhara unpleasant;
cig ma/ Definition:momentary
mi rtag pa nyid {MSA,MV}anityat;
non-fame; non-glory {C}not scurrilous
mi snyan par {C}apriyam unpleasantly
{MSA}anityatva impermanence
mi rtag pa nyid rnam pa
{C}unkindly; harsh; discordant; grating
mi snyan par brjod par
gsum {MV}trividha-anityat three aspects/types

of impermanence
gyur brjod rjod brjod rjod

{C}pratikroati (=apriya-abhidhnt) states
unpleasantly; unpleasant expression {C}
reviles; rejects
mi rtag pa dang sdug bsnal ba dang
stong pa dang bdag med pa nyid {MV}anityadukha-nyntmat impermanence, suffering,

emptiness, and selflessness
mi snyam pa {C}anapekya not think;
non-consideration; not imagine {C}disregard;

not think of
mi snyam pas bzod pa
bzod bzod bzod bzod {C}adhivsana
patience/forbearance/endurance/tolerance
through not thinking [about it] {C}forbearant
thought; forbearance; tolerance
mi bsnyags pa brjod
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}avara bhate

{C}disparage
mi gtogs pa {C}aparypanna not
mi rtog {C}avikalpaku; {C}avikalpamna;
{MSA}akalpa; {MSA}akalpan; {MSA}nirvikalpa;

{MSA}nikalpan non-conceptual; nonconceptuality; no conceptuality {C}nonthought; not discriminating; non-discrimination
mi rtog rnam par mi rtog pa

mi rtog pa {MSA,N}avikalpa; {MV}
gtang gtong
akalpan; {MSA}avikalpana; {MSA}nirvikalpa;

{MSA}nikalpan; {C}vikalpa; {C}vikalpan; {C}
akalpa(tva); {C}avikalpamna non-conceptual;
non-conceptuality{N} {C}non-thought; not
discriminating; non-discrimination; ideation; (false)
discrimination; no-construction; discriminates;
imagines; absence of mental construction
btang thongs {MV}atyga not give/send/cast

away
mi btang ba
gtang
gtong btang thongs {C}anutsarjanat; {C}
anuvarttanat (=anutsarjanat) not give away;
not let go; not give; not send {C}he does not
abandon; compliance
mi rtog pa nyid {C}akalpatva non-
mi rtag {C,MSA,MV}anitya; {C}akastha
conceptuality
mi rtog par gzhog pa {C}
impermanent; impermanence; impermanent
nidhyna; {C}nidhyapti {C}meditation;

meditation on; pacification
phenomenon/thing {C}not unmoved; does not

stray from
mi rtag pa {LCh,C,MSA,MV}anitya
impermanent; impermanent phenomenon;

impermanence; impermanent thing
Definitions: mtshan nyid/ skad
depending (upon); no basis; non-support {C}

not being sustained by; having no abode
{C}avikalpa non-conceptual non-conceptuality

{C}undiscriminated; no mental construction
included; unincluded {C}unincluded in the

empirical world
mi gtong
mi rten pa {C}anadhihna not
564
mi rtog byang chub {MSA}akalpabodha non-conceptual enlightenment
mi rtog blo {MSA}nirvikalpa-buddhi nonconceptual awareness
mi rtog ye shes {MSA}nikalpan-
mi brten du mi rung ngo {C}
akalpan-jna-bala force of non-conceptual

exalted wisdom
mi brten pa {MSA}anirita; {MSA}
{MSA}nirvikalpa-jna-prasava produce nonconceptual exalted wisdom
mi thub {C}durdhara unsubdueable; not
agmya not suitable as independent {C}

without having resorted to
jna non-conceptual exalted wisdom
mi rtog ye shes stobs {MSA}
abhajana (e.g.: vikrbhajana) independent;

non-dependence; non-reliance
mi rtog ye shes ni skyes

mi rtogs
subdued {C}unassailable; (one) hard to assail
mi thul to {C}durdhara unsubdueable;
rtogs rtogs
not subdued {C}unassailable; (one) hard to

assail
rtogs rtogs {MSA}akalpana not realize; not

cognize; not understand; non-conceptual; nonconceptuality
mi lta ba
blta lta bltas ltos

{C}anapeka; {C,MSA}adarana; {MSA}anapekin;
{MSA}nirapeka unseen; not see; not view; nonview; non-seeing {C}disregard; not perceiving;
one does not see
mi lta bar brtson grus
anavamdyanya unsubdueable; not subdued

{C}unassailable; (one) hard to assail; uncrushable
mi thul bar gyur ro {C}
durdhara unsubdueable; not subdued {C}

unassailable; (one) hard to assail; uncrushable
mi thogs {MSA}avyhata non-
blta lta bltas ltos {MSA}nirapekia /

vryrambha unseen effort
mi thul ba {C}durdhara; {C}
obstructive; non-obstacle
not fall; not sin {C}no(n)-offense
mi mthun {C}vipratyaya unfavorable;
non-dependence; non-relation; unrelated {C}

disregard
mi mthun pa {LCh,L}viruddha; virodhin
mi ltung ba {C}anpatti non-infraction;
discordant; different; dissimilar; conflicting{BJ

9.5} {C}antagonism
mi ltos pa {C}anapeka independence;
different; dissimilar; discordant; conflicting;
mi stong pa yang ma yin {MV}

na ... anyam non-empty
mi stong pai stong pa nyid
incompatible inimical; obstruction
mi mthun pa med pa {MSA}
pratikla (a-) non-discordant; non-conflicting;

non-different
mi mthun pai rgyu {MV}viama-hetu
non-empty emptiness
mi stong min {MV}na ... anyam non-
discordant cause; cause of discordance
empty
mi ston pai phyir ro {C}adarayitr

because of not teaching; non-teaching; non-
indication {C}which does not manifest anything
mi mthun pai phyogs
{C,MSA,MV}vipaka; {C}vipakat; {L}viruddha

discordances {C}points to be shunned; dissimilar
class
mi brtan pa {MSA}adha; {MSA}asthira mi mthun pai phyogs

kyi ngo bo nyid {MSA}vipaka-svabhva
entityness of the discordances
unstable; infirm
mi brtan nyid
{PH}unstable
565
mi mthun
mi mthun pai
pai phyogs kyi chos dang ma dres pa

{MSA}vipaka-dharmvyavakiraa unmixed
phenomena/qualities of the discordances
phyogs rnams dang ma dres pa

dres/dre dres/dre dres dres {MSA}
avyavakr vipakai unmixed discordances
mi mthun pai phyogs
kyi gnyen po {L}vipakasya pratipaka antidotes

to the discordances{S 29}
mi mthun pai
mi mthun pai phyogs
spang ba spang spong spangs

spongs {MSA}vipaka-praha abandon the
discordances
mi mthun pai phyogs
spangs pa spang spong

spangs spongs {MSA}nirlikhita-vipaka; {MSA}
paka-vipaka; {MSA}vipaka-hni abandon the
discordances
phyogs kyi gnyen po yin pa {MSA}vipakapratipakatva antidotes to the discordances
mi mthun
pai phyogs kyi sa bon dang bral ba {MSA}

vipaka-bja-viyoga free from the seeds of the
discordances
mi mthun pai phyogs
phel ba {MSA}vipaka-vddhi increase of the

discordances; increase the discordances
mi mthun pai
phyogs nges par grol ba

grol grold grol grold {MSA}vipaka-nirmuktat
definite liberation from the discordances
mi mthun pai phyogs
nyams pa {MSA}vipaka-hni; {MSA}vipakahna abandon the discordances; abandonment

of the discordances
mi mthun pai phyogs zhi ba

{MSA}vipaka-amana pacify the discordances;
pacification of the discordances
mi mthun pai phyogs
la chags pa {MSA}vipaka-lbha; {MSA}vipakasakti attachment to the discordances
mi mthun pai
phyogs dang bral ba nyid {MSA}vipakarahitatva; {MSA}vipakai ca rahitatva freedom

from the discordances
mi mthun pai mtshan nyid

{MV}vilakaa discordant character
mi mthun par {C}pratikla
discordant; discordantly; different; dissimilar
mi mthun pai phyogs dul mi mthun par gnas pa {C}
vihitam abide discordantly {C}discontinuous;

stood apart
ba {MSA}vipaka-vinayana (e.g.: mtsarydivipaka-vinayana} discipline the discordances
mi mthun
mi mthun par mdzod pa {C}
mi mthun pai
mi mthun dpe vidnta dissimilar
pai phyogs rnam par tshe ba spangs pa

vipaka-vihis-praha abandon the harm of
the discordances
prativi (=iti na may rotavyam iti pratikla

vacanam = pratiklat) discordant; discordant
act; different; dissimilar {C}out of touch;
averse; aversion
phyogs rnam par sun byin pa

dbyung byin phyung phyungs {MSA}vipakavidaa the discordance of disbelief
example
mi mthun spangs
spang spong spangs spongs {MSA}vipaka-hna

abandon the discordances
566
mi mthun phyogs {LCh,L,MSA,MV}
{PH}all states of non-leisure
mi dor bar {C}anutsjat
vipaka; {L}viruddha discordant class; classed

as discordant; discordances; dissimilar class
dissimilar class; points to be shunned
{C}not
discard; not cast outwithout ever abandoning
mi gdung ba atapas Without Pain

mi bde ba {C}ysara (=jar)
mi mthun phyogs kyi gzhi

shes nimittagrahaabaddha vipakamta
vastujnam knower of bases classed as
discordant /knower of bases bound by the
apprehension of signs that is classed as
discordant (mtshan dzin gyis bcings pai mi
mthun phyogs kyi gzhi shes)
unhappiness; difficult {C}decay
false; falsely
mi mthun phyogs ni spong
byed spang spong spangs

spongs {MSA}vipaka hpayanti abandoner of
the discordances; abandoning the discordances
mi mthun phyogs spangs

vipaka-hna abandon the discordances
mi bden {PH}untrue
mi bden par {C}vitatha non-truthful;
mi mthun mtshan nyid {MV}
mi da bar bya ba {MSA}
atikramaya (an-) should not be transgressed;

should not be passed over {T}
mi dogs
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {L}aprajp-

not impute; non-imputed
mi dod {MSA}dve; {MSA}nispha;
{MV}anarthitva; {MV}ania non-desire; not

desire
vilakaa discordant character
mi mthong {C}adarana; {C}adaranu; {C}

mi dod pa {C}acchandika; {C}aniatva;
adi; {C}apayan; {C}asamkaa; {MSA}adya
{MV}anarthitva; {MV}ania non-desire; not
desire {C}not zealous; what is unserviceable
unseen; not see; not perceive not perceiving;
no vision; no view; undefinable; invisible; not

seeing; (one who does) not look (out) for
mi dod pai thal gyur
mi mthong ba {MV}adarana unseen;
unwanted consequence
mi dra pratikla different; dissimilar{BJ
not see; not perceive
mi thad {N}anupapanna; {N}ayukta
45.7}; not alike
mi dra ba {C,MV}pratikla; {MSA}
incorrect; unfeasible; not feasible
mi thugs pai brtson grus
vilakaatva; {MSA}vailakaya; {GD:119}

asada dissimilar; different; being specific, i.e.,
individual {GD:119}; not alike {C}averse to;
repugnant; revulsion
non-disturbed effort; undisturbed effort
mi dag pa auddha impure

mi dag pai kun rdzob
brdzab rdzob brdzabs rdzobs impure
conventionality
mi dal {C}akaa non-leisure; no leisure

{C}bad moment/circumstances; bad rebirth
mi dal kun {ntideva} sarvkaa
567
mi dra bar skye ba {MSA}
visadotpatti produced differently; dissimilar

production
mi drar gro {C}atulya-ga going

differently {C}moving incomparably
mi ldan {C}viyoga; {MSA}vimukta; {MV}
mi non pa {C}anavakrnta; {C}
vaidhurya not having; not possessing {C}loss

of; disjunction
ankramaya {C}inaccessible to; unassailable
mi ldan non-endowed
mi gnas {C}anavasthna; {C}apratiha;
{C}asthana; {C}asthiti; {C}asthita; {C}asthitaku;
mi ldan pa {C}visayukta; {MV}vaidhurya
{C}asthito; {MV}apratihita non-abiding; not
not having; not possessing {C}disjoined;
abide; non-place; non-abode; no abode. {C}not

insisting on the true reality of; unsupported; not take
a stand; what cannot be; unstability; absence of a
continuous existent; not take ones stand; not fixed;
not continuous; (does) not stand; it has no duration
between production and stopping; h
dissociated
mi ldog
ldog ldog ldogs
ldogs {C}avivartiya not reversed; irreversible
mi ldog nyid
ldog
ldog ldogs ldogs {C}avivartyatva irreversibility
mi ldog pa
mi gnas pa {C}anadhihna; {C}
ldog ldog
anavasthna; {C,MV}apratihita; {C}asavsa;

{MSA}apratihna; {MSA}apratihitatva
(e.g.: sasra-nirvpratihitatva} nonabiding{Gn-chok}; not abide; non-place; nonabode; no abode {C}not insisting on the true
reality of; not sustained by; having no abode; nonintimacy; not taking ones stand on; not established
anywhere; sought no support; unsupported; not take
a stand; unsteady; not remaining in place steadily;
unfixed; what canno
ldogs ldogs {MSA}avyvtti; {MV}avinivartana

irreversible; not reversed
mi ldog pa nyid
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs {MSA}anirvartit

irreversibility
mi ldog pa yi sems {BCA}
anivartyena cetas {PH}irreversible mind;

irreversible intention
mi gnas pa nyid {MSA}
mi ldog pai sems {BCA}
anavahitatva; {MSA}apratihita ...-tva nonabidingness
anivartyena cetas {PH}irreversible mind;

irreversible intention
mi ldog par
mi gnas pai mya
ldog
ngan las das pa {N}apratiita-nirva; {MSA}

apratiha-nirva non-abiding nirva
ldog ldogs ldogs {C}avinivatanya (=avaivartika)

irreversible; not reversed {C}incapable of
turning away from full enlightenment
mi gnas pai myang das
mi sdug pa {LCh}aubha; {C}akntatva
apratiita-nirva; apratihitanirva nonabiding nirva; non-abiding nirvana
ugliness; unpleasant {C}disagreeableness
mi sdug pai rnam pa
mi gnas zhi bar zhugs pa
mi sde {PH}groups of humans

mi nus pa {C}aakya; {C}apratibala; {C}
mi gnod pa {MSA}anupaghta;
bsgoms pa bsgom sgom

bsgoms sgoms {MSA}aubhkra-bhvana
meditate on the aspect(s) of ugliness
apratiha-amvia enter into non-abiding

peace
abhdhana {GD:659} non-harm; not harm;

non-injury; non-vessel {GD:659} freedom from
contradiction
na akya; {MSA}akti (a-) unable; not able;

cannot {C}not possible; cannot possibly; cannot
be
568
mi gnod par {C}avihehayati; {MSA}
anupahtya (or: anapaktya?) (upa h) nonharm; not harmful; non-injurious {C}avoiding
causing injury; not harassing
mi gnod par gro bar bya {C}

avihehayati non-harm; not harm; non-injury;
non-vessel {C}avoiding causing injury; not
harassing
mi snang
snang snang snang
snang
snang snang snang {MSA}akhynat; {MSA}

adyamnat non-appearance
mi pham bshes gnyen ajita-mitra

mi phyed pa {MSA}abhedya [not-divide];
indivisibility; indivisible; undivided {PH}[the
Sthavira] Abhedya
mi phyogs {C}vaimukhya
{C}aversion;
turn away from
mi snang ba ma dmigs
mi pho ba {C}avakrmati; {C}
pai rtags dmigs

dmigs dmigs dmigs apratibhsa-anupalabdhi
nonobservation sign of the nonappearing
asakrnti non-development; not move; nontransmigration; not pass (from) {C}depart;

descend; fall into; enter into/on; non-passing-on;
which does not pass on
mi
snang bai gal zla ma dmigs pai rtags yang dag

{PH}a correct sign of the nonappearing which is an
observation of a contradictory object
mi
snang bai brel zla ma dmigs pai rtags yang dag

{PH}sign which is a non-observation of a related
object
mi spong ba
spang
spong spangs spongs {MV}apratikepa nonabandonment; not abandon
spyad spyod
mi phro ba {MV}avisra non-scattering;

not spread; not diffuse
mi phrog pai dwang pai

dad pa faith which is a non-captivated clarity
mi phrogs pa {C}asahrya; {MSA}
ahrya not deprive; not rob; not run away with

{C}he no longer feels like; cannot overwhelm;
insuperable; has no access to him; one cannot
partake of; irresistible; have no claim; to be
something to which no one else has a claim; cannot
be overpowered
mi bas pa {C}akaya
spyad spyod {C}avicalana non-performance;

non-practice; not enjoy {C}not wavering
{C}inexhaustible;
unfailing; non-extinction
mi phan pa {C}nirupakra non-benefit;
mi bas pai chos dang ldan
disservice; not help
pa {C}akaya-dharma-yogat {C}linked to the

inexhaustible (Dharma)
mi pham {LCh}ajita unconquered; an
epithet of Maitreya; name of a Nying-ma lama
Sacred Word of Guru Ajita
adhyabhedat (e.g.: manaso dhyabhedat) [notdivide]; undivided
snang snang adarana non-appearing; nonappearance; not appear
mi spyod pa
mi pham bla ma Guru Ajita

mi pham bla mai zhal lung
mi phyed {MSA}abhinna; {MSA}
snang snang
mi snang ba nyid
tso [p.n. of a Nying-ma lama]
Ajita-mitra
snang {MSA}adarana; {MSA}antardhi nonappearing; non-appearance; not appear
mi snang ba
mi pham rgya mtsho Mi-pham-gya-
569
mi byed pa {MV}akaraa; {MV}avypti
prefer/zeal/imagine {C}one who does not
believe
not made; not done
mi byed pai sdom pa thob

thobs {MSA}akaraa-savara-lbha attain the
unmade vow {T}
mi dben par bgyid pa
mi dmigs
byung byung
byung byung {C}asamudbhava; {C}asabhava
non-arising; not arise; not come forth; not
emerge {C}cannot spring up; impossibility
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs {C}anupalabdha; {MV}

anupalabdhi; {MV}anupalambha; {MV}nopalabdhi
not observed{BJ 50.6}; non-observation nonapprehension
byung
byung byung byung {MSA}apravtti; {MV}

anutpda; {C}anairyika non-arising; not arise;
not come forth; not emerge {C}not conducive
to deliverence
mi brel ba asabandha unrelated;

unrelated phenomena
sbyar sbyor
mi dmigs nyid
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs {C}alabdhat
non-observation {C}absence of grasping
mi dmigs pa
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs {C}anupalabdha;

{MV}anupalabdhi; {MSA,MV}anupalambha; {MV}
nopalabdhi; {MSA}nopalambha not observed;
non-observation {C}non-apprehension
mi dmigs pa stong pa nyid
sbyard sbyord {C}viprayoga; {C}viyoga nonjoining; non-connection; disconnection; nonapplication {C}disjunction; loss of
dmigs dmigs dmigs

dmigs {C}anupalambha-nyat non-observed
emptiness {C}unascertainable emptiness
mi ma {C}amanuya non-men; not men

{C}ghost; superhuman beings; heavenly
mi ma yin pa {C}amanuya-bhta;
a-manua non-men; not men; non-human {C}

ghost
mi ma yin pai gdon {C}

amanuya-graha {C}ghostly seizure
mi dmigs pai tshul gyis
dmigs dmigs dmigs

dmigs {C}anupalambha-yogena; {C}advayayogena through the mode of non-observation
{C}on account of the fact that it is not got at; by
way of non-observation; in accordance with nonduality; in consequence of non-duality
mi dmigs par spyod pa
mi ma yin par gyur pa {C}

anupalambha-crin non-observed activity; nonobserved performance {C}one who courses in
the Baseless
amanuya-bhta non-men; not men {C}ghost
mi mongs {MV}aklia non-afflicted;

unafflicted
mi smod {C}anavasdana
mos mos mos
mos {MV}anadhimukti; {C}anadhimucya nonbelief/imagination/faith/interest/inclination/
mi dman pa nyid {MSA}ahnatva

non-inferiority
mi byung
mi mos pa
any exertion/effort
mi dma ba {MSA}anavanat not low;
krika make/become non-isolated {C}which

brings about non-attachment
mi sbyor ba
{C}without
non-inferiority
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}avivikta-
mi byung ba
mi many ba ra {C}ayatna
deprecatory
570
{C}not
mi smra na {C}tbhve when not
mi brdzi ba {C}anavamdya
propounding {C}when keeping silent
mi smra ba {MV}apravyhra non-
mi brdzun pa {C}amithyatva non-
counterfeit; not false; non-falsity {C}nothing

can go wrong
propounding; not propound
mi gtsang auci [not-clean]; unclean;
mi zhig po {C}utsada (=udgat) non-
excrement; filth; the unclean
mi gtsang ba {C}auci; {C}(a?)medhya
disintegrated; not destroyed; not perish {C}

(over) crowded; with prominences
[not-clean]; unclean; excrement; filth; the

unclean {C}repulsive
mi zhim {C} hna {PH}unfragrant

mi zhim pa {C}hna non-fragrant; low;
mi gtsang ba dang sdug
inferior; lesser {C}left behind; disagreeable;

mean
bsngal ba dang mi rtag pa dang bdag med pai

du shes {MSA}auci-dukhnityntmasaj conception of the unclean, suffering,
impermanence, and selflessness
mi zhim pai dri mnyam pa

sama-durgandha equal unfragrant odor
mi zhim pai dri mi mnyam pa
mi rtsub pa {MSA}akarka not rough;
visama-durgandha unequal unfragrant odor
non-roughness
mi zhim pai sbyar byung gi
mi brtson pa {MSA}ayukta; {MSA}
dri sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord

syogika-durgandha unfragrant manufactured
odor
ayuktat; {C}anabhisayukta non-endeavor;

non-effort; non-exertion; non-striving
mi tshugs pa {MSA}anel non-
mi zhim pai lhan skyes kyi
established; not established
dri sahaja-durgandha unfragrant natural odor
mi tshe {MSA}aheha non-harm; non-
mi zhum
harming
mi mdza ba {C}praty-amitra
unfriendly; enemy; foe {C}inimical force
mi dzin
gzung dzin
bzung zungs {C}aparigraha non-apprehension;

(do) not conceive; non-conception {C}nonappropriation; not upheld; not gaining; not taken
hold of
mi dzin pa

gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}aghamno;
{C}anudgraha; {C}niravagrahat nonapprehension; (do) not conceive{BJ 30.2}; nonconception {C}non-appropriation; not get hold
of; not seize upon; not upheld; not gaining; not
taken hold of; freedom
{C}what
cannot be crushed
jum jums
zhum zhums {C}avalyate; {C}asasdanat
non-depression; non-slackness; nondiscouragement {C}become cowed; hide
despondently in; be cast down; does (not) despond;
the not losing heart
mi zad {MV}akayatva; {MV}akaytmat

[not-exhaust]; not only; inexhaustible
mi zad pa {C,MSA}akaya; {MSA}akayin;

{MV}akayatva; {MV}akaytmat; {MSA}bha
[not-exhaust]; not only; inexhaustible {C}
unfailing; non-extinction
mi zad pa nyid byung
ba dang sbyar ba {MSA}aka-gatnusra joined

with the arising of inexhaustibility {T}
571
mi g.yeng ba {MV}avikipta; {MV}
mi zad pai tshig sdud
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus akayasamsa
avikepa non-distraction; not distraction; not

wander (mentally)
participial construction
mi zad par byed {MV}akayn karoti mi g.yo {C}ijyati; {MSA}acala

inexhaustibly do/make {T}
immovable; not move; unfluctuating;

unwavering {C}waver
mi zin pai
mi g.yo ba {LCh,C,MSA}acala;
byung ba las gyur pai sgra

byung byung byung byung uptta-mahbhtahetukaabda sound arisen from elements not
conjoined with consciousness
{MSA}acal; {C}nicalat; {MSA}avicalana;

{MSA}nicala; {MSA}avikampana; {MSA}
nikampatva; {C}anija; {MSA}nikya; nijya
nonfluctuation; immovable; unshakeable;
not move; unfluctuating; unwavering; Acala
[p.n. of a wrathful deity]; Immovable (eighth
bodhisattva ground) {C}immobile; unshakeable
mi zlos pa {MSA}apunar-uktatva not

repeat again
mi bzang {MSA}gha not good; not
mi g.yo ba rab tu gnas {MSA}
right; not nice
mi bzad {MSA}bha frightful; awful;
acaleu ... pratihit thoroughly abide in the

immovable
horrible
mi bzad pa bha; {C}gha; {C}parama mi g.yo bai gnas skabs

{MSA}nicalvasth state of immovability
inexhaustibility; frightful; awful; horrible
{C}opportunity; highly; exceedingly; completely;

foremost; most; farthest; deepest; supreme; highest
(development)
mi g.yo zhing shin tu brtan
bzod bzod
bzod bzod not allowable; unendurable; nonforbearance/patience/tolerance/endurance
mi rig khrul snang
pa {C}akampanyat immovable and stable

{C}unshakeable
mi bzod
mi bzod ngo tsha
ignorance
mi rig pa {C}avidita ignorant;
ignorance; non-awareness; unaware {C}not

known; not felt
bzod bzod bzod bzod {MSA}amara-lajja

unbearable shame
mi bzod pa
bzod
bzod bzod bzod {MSA}aknti; {MSA}tvra; {C}

asahamna not allowable; unendurable; nonforbearance/patience/tolerance/endurance {C}
unable to endure
mi og pa {C}anupalipta not below; not

under; unstained
reasonable; not definite
mi rung {C,MV 113d; 5.22}na yujyate; {MSA}
ayoga unsuitable {C}it is not tenable (to say); it

does not follow; not logical
mi rung ba {MV}ayoga; {N}na yujyate
mi reg par {C}aspan not contacting;

non-contact {C}not touching
{C}the mightiest among men; a bull among men
world of men; world of mortals
mi rigs ayukta unreasonable; not
unsuitable{N}
mi yi khyu mchog {C}puruarabha
mi yi jig rten {C}martya-loka
{PH}deluded
mi ro {C}mtaka manuya (=mta-arra)

{C}corpse
572
mi brlang pa {MSA}aparua not rough

mi lus rin po che precious human
body
mi len pa {C}anudgraha; anutpdana
(=anutpdna?) not take; non-obtainment; nonappropriated; not accept {C}non-arising
mi shigs
{PH}indestructible;
uninterruptedly
mi shigs pa {MV}abhedyatva
indestructible {PH}indestructible; uninterrupted
mi shigs pa nyid {MSA}abhedyat
mi slu bai rig pa incontrovertible
knower{BR} {GD:666} reliable cognition, which

[according to Go-ram-pa] has three criterion: agent
(byed pa po gang gis mi slu ba), object (las la mi slu
ba) and way (tshul ji ltar mi slu ba)
learning; non-learner {C}adept
mi slob pai bras bu {MSA}
ajnan uncognized; not conscious;

unconscious; non-consciousness {C}ignorant;
not knowing; non-knowledge
aaika ... phala fruit of a non-learner; {T} fruit

of no more learning
mi shes pa {C}ajtv; {C}ajnamna;
{MSA,MV}ajna; {C}avijnan; avidy

uncognized; not conscious; unconscious; nonconsciousness; ignorance; nescience {C}
ignorant; be ignorant; not knowing; non-knowledge;
non-cognition; ignorance; without probing into
mi shes mod {C}namna; {C}ajnaka

{C}be ignorant; cannot be known; does not know
mi shes bzhin du {C}aprajnamno

{C}not considering wisely
mi gshor {C}aparua {C}not rough

mi sogs pa {C}upacaya {C}
accumulation
mi srid pa {MV}asambhava not not
mi slob lam {LCh}aaika-mrga path

of no more learning
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
nyon sgrib spangs pai cha nas bzhag pai mkhyen pa/
Definition: an exalted knower that is posited from

the viewpoint of having abandoned the afflictive
obstructions
mi gsal ba {C}apau; {MSA}avyakta
unclear {C}confused; not clever; awkward;
foolish
mi bslu
bslu/ slu/
bslus/ slus/ avisavdaka [not-deceive];
incontrovertible; ineluctible; undeceived;
inevitable {PH}incontrovertible; ineluctible;
undeceived; inevitable; unfailing
mi bslu ba
occur{BJ 20.7}; impossible
mi srid pai skyon fallacy of non-
bslu/ slu/ bslus/ slus/ {MSA}avisavdaka

[not-deceive]; incontrovertible; ineluctible;
undeceived; inevitable
occurrence
slu/ bslus/ slus/ {N}avisavdi; asavdaka ;

avisavadin; avisavdin; amoa [not-deceive];
inevitable; reliability {GD:659}; non-deceptive
mi slob pa {C,MV}aaika no more
mi shes {C}avijna; {C}ajnan; {C}
bslu/ slu/ bslus/
bslu/
learner {C}adept
{PH}
indestructible drop
mi slu
mi slu ba
mi slob {C}aaika no more learning; non-
indestructibility
mi shigs pai thig le
slus/ avisavdin; asavdaka [not-deceive];

inevitable
573
mig {LCh,C,MSA,MV}cakus; {MSA}caku;
condition of its own effect, an eye consciousness
mig gi
cakur eye {PH}eye; pupil of the eye
dbang poi spyod yul du snang bar gyur to

spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}cakubhsam gacchati appear within the range of
the eye sense power {C}come within the range
of the eye
mig gi skye mched cakur-yatana

eye-source
mig gi khams cakur-dhtu eyeconstituent
mig gis mi rtsol bar
mig gi sgor rgyu bai rlung
bya bai phyir {C}vicaku-karaa (=vighnakaraa) {C}to blind
{PH}wind that moves through the door of the eyes
mig gi dus te reg pa
du du/dud dus dus {C}caku-
mig mthong {Amara} kaik
{PH}
foreteller; a looker into the future
saspara {C}eye-contact
mig gi dus te
mig dang gzugs rnams nas yid dang
reg pai rkyen las byung ba
chos rnams zhes bya bai bar du {MV}cakrpa yvan mano-dharm from eye and form
up to mind and phenomena {T}
du du/dud dus dus {C}caku-saspara-ja

arisen from the condition of eye-contact
mig gi rnam par shes pa
{MSA}cakur-vijna eye (main) consciousness
Divisions:
sems kho na mind only
mig gi rnam
par shes pa; mig gi rnam shes cakurvijna eye

consciousness
mig gi rnam shes cakur-vijna
eye{LG}
mig dbang cakur-indriya eye sense

power
mig byed opener of the eye; open the
eye (main) consciousness
Divisions:
mig nad {PH}diseases of the eye

mig phrul magic
mig byed eye activity; functioning of the
sems kho na mind only
eye
mig mi dzum pas {C}

mig gi byed eye activity{LG}
animibhy cakurbhy prekam {C}with
mig gi byed pa dang ldan
their wide-open eyes firmly fixed on
pai tshe at the time of having eye activity{LG}
mig med {C}acakus {C}eyeless; blind
mig gi byed pa das pa
mig med pa {C}cakuhno {C}eyeless;
dei tshe when this eye activity is past{LG}
mig gi dbang po caksur-
blind; except for the eye
indriya ; cakurindriya eye sense power

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang bras mig shes kyi thun mong ma
yin pai bdag rkyen byed pai cha nas bzhag pai nang gi
gzugs can dwangs ba/ Definition: clear inner form

qualified by acting as the uncommon empowering
574
mig dmar Tuesday

mig yor {C,MSA}pratibhsa; {MSA}
prodbhsa image; reflection {C}reflection of

an object in a mirror/water; or of the moon in water;
reflected image; apparition
mig g.yeng {C}vikipta undistracted;
not wander (mentally) {C}disturbed; distracted;
scattered
mig rab rib cakur-timira faulty

vision
mig la sogs pa {MV}cakurdi
ming rkyang {PH}nominally

ming gang lags {PH}any such
eye, etc.
mig lam du snang ba yin te

caku bhsam gacchati appears in the path
of the eye {C}comes within range of the eye
designated
mig lam du snang bar gyur
to snang snang snang snang {C}

caku bhsam gacchati appears in the path
of the eye {C}comes within range of the eye
mig lam duang gda

mig shel eyeglasses
mig shes cakur-jna eye
brjod rjod brjod rjod nominal expression
ming gi brdas nominal terminology{S}

ming gi rnam grangs {MSA}nma ming gi byin gyi rlabs {C}nmaadhihna empowerment of names; nominal
empowerment the other details connected with
the annunciation of his name; power of the name;
prediction of his name
group of stems

mtshan
ming gi tshogs btags
{PH}
nam
nyid/ rang gi thun mong ma yin pai bdag rkyen mig
ming gi tshogs dang tshig gi tshogs dang yi
dbang dang dmigs rkyen gzugs la brten nas skye bai
dependence on its own uncommon empowering

conditions, an eye sense power, and an observed
object condition, a form
gei tshogs rnams la ni {C}nma-kya-pada-kyavyajana-ky groups of stems, groups of words,

and groups of letters {C}the sum total of words
(contained in this Stra)
Divisions: dbye ba/

sems dang sems byung gnyis ka Divisions: both
mind and mental factors
ming gi gzhi las {C}nma-
adhihna (=mt di-nma-vyapadea) from

the nominal basis; empowerment of names;
nominal empowerment {C}the other details
connected with the annunciation of his name; power
of the name; prediction of his name
mig shes kyi bzung bya
apprehended object of an eye-consciousness
mig slu bar byed pa eye-
ming gi lhag ma tsam du
deception; deceive the eyes
ming gi tshogs {LCh}nma-kya
Definitions:
mig sle {PH}cross-eyed

ming {LCh,MSA}nman; {C,MV}nma(n);
ming gi brjod pa
paryya synonymous; synonym
lags so {C}caku bhsam gacchati appears

in the path of the eye {C}comes within range of
the eye
consciousness; eye cognition
{C}nma-dheya; {C}nmena; {MSA}khy; {C}

vyajana; {L}samj; saj name; designation;
term {GD:419} {PH}word (free morpheme)
{C}named; word; mere word; perception; notion;
called; named; what is designated; letter; verbal
expression; minor characteristic; method; by words;
it is called
med pa without even a nominal remainder
575
ming gis {C}nmena by names
{C}by
thogs {C}nma saj prajaptir anuvyavahra
words; it is called
ming gis btags pa
impute name, conception, imputation, and
{N}sajkaraa nominally imputed{N}
ming gis bzhag pa nominal
ming dang tshig tu btags
{PH}famous; great fame
The majority of the monastic centers of
pa gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs {C}nma-pada-prajapti
imputed as names and words {C}the merely
nominal existence
great fame of the Kadampa lineage are at the two

ends of this valley. {GCG}
ming ji lta ba de bzhin du don du mngon
ming dang tshig dang yi

gei grangs {MSA}nma-pada-vyajana-sakhy
enumeration of names, words, and letters
par zhen pai rnam par rtog pa {MSA}yathnmrthbhinivea-vikalpa conception which

adheres to the literal meaning of the names {T}
ming jug pai gzhi <div>basis of

affixing names</div>
ming nyid thob par gyur
{C}nmatay bhavanti obtain a name {C}have

their name from
ming btags pa tsam
thogs <div>mere imputation of a name; mere

nominal imputation</div>
ming bstan pa
nimitta {C}name and sign
ming dang gzugs {C,MSA}nmarpa; {C}nmeva rpi name and form
ming du {L}nma; {C}sajta (=sakhyta)

named; nominal; as name {C}perception;
notion; reckoned as; be called
ming du kun tu rtog pa {MSA}
nma-parikalpa imputation as name; nominal

imputation
ming du mngon par zhen pa

ming du btags
ming dang rtog pas
btags tsam
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs merely posited by
names and thought{N} {PH}merely posited by
names and concepts
ming dang du shes dang dogs pa dang

rjes su tha snyad dogs pa byed pa
ming dang mtshan ma {C}nma-
{MSA}nmbhinivea adherence to the name

{T}
bstan ston bstand stond {C}nma-apadea

(=kathana) indicate his/her name; state his/her
name {C}annunciation of his name
ming dang brdas bzhag
pa posited by names and terminology [e.g.

imputations as entity and attribute]{BJ 25.4}
positing{N}
ming che che
conventionalities {C}name; perception; concept

and conventional expression
576
nominally designate{S 1}
ming du btags pa tsam
thogs just nominally imputed
ming du gdags su yod pa
gdags dogs btags/
brtags thogs {C}saj-gata exist as nominally

imputed/designated {C}formed a notion
ming du brdar btags

pa gang yin
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs whatever is a
designation as nominal terminology{BJ 70.1}
ming med
ming med
{VM} ring finger
srin lag srin
mdzub/ ring finger
ming du bya ba {L}sajpya named;

called; reckoned as
ming smos pa {C}nma-grahaa
{C}
taking on a name; assumption of a name
ming don brel bai rtog pa ming tsam {N}nma-mtraka; {C,MSA}

conceptual consciousnesses associating name and
meaning
ming don brel bar
nma-mtra; {C}nma-mtra(ka)m mere name;

merely nominal{N} name only; {C}mere words;
mere name;
ming tsam du yod pa mere
dran pai rtog pa conceptual consciousness

mindful of associating name and object
nominal existence
pa posited by only names and terminology
ming dzin pa
ming brdas bzhag tsam only

posited by names and terminology
ming brda tsam gyis bzhag pa posited by
ming gzhi name basis

ming gzugs {LCh}nma-rpa name
ming brda tsam gyis bzhag
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}nma-grahaa

grasping a name; apprehension of a name
ming brda name and terminology

only name and terminology
ming brda tsam gyis
bzhag pa posited by only name and terminology
ming brdas bzhag tsam only
ming nas smos pa {C}nma-grahaa

{C}taking on a name; assumption of a name
ming ni gang dang gang
gis su in whatever phenomenon, expressed by

whatever name{BJ 66.3}
brjod rjod brjod rjod the expression of names

out there{BJ 54.7}
ming ma mchis pa {C}anma

nameless
ming ma mchis
shing lus ma mchis pa {C}anma-aarrat

nameless and bodyless {C}both body and mind
are absent
and form
ming yongs su tshol ba

{MSA}nma-paryea thoroughly seek/
investigate/examine/research names
posited by name and terminology
ming phar brjod pa
577
ming la brten pa {C}nma-
adhihna in dependence upon names {C}the

other details connected with the annunciation of his
name; power of the name; prediction of his name
ming la dmigs pa

nmlambana observation of a name {T}
min {MSA}na is not; non-; not

min gyur what something is not
min gro probably not
min groam maybe
min pa na is not; non-; not
min pa dra it does not seem
min log opposite-from-not-being-
mu stegs can gyi thar pa
something
miam ci {C}kinara a mythical being
{MSA}trthika-moka liberation of a Forder
mu stegs can gyi mtha {MV}
with a human body and the head of a horse or

vice versa (Monier-Williams) {T}
trthiknta extreme [view] of a Forder; Forderlimit
mii rten {PH}a human body

mii rten can gyi so soi
mu stegs can gyi rnal byor

{PH}yogic practice of a non-Buddhist
skye bo ordinary beings with the basis of men;

common being having the basis of a human
mii rus pai phur bu
mu stegs can
thar pa la kun tu zhugs pa
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {MSA}trthya-mokasaprasthita enter into a Forders liberation
{PH}
human bone dagger
mii lus dang ldan {C}(manuya-
mu stegs
kya-)upeta having a human body {C}

endowed; possessed of
can dang thun mongs ma yin pa {MSA}

trthysdharaa concordant with Forders
mir gyur pa {C}manuya-bhta be a
mu stegs can
rnams kyi bstan bcos bstan

ston bstand stond {MSA}trthika-stra Forder
treatises
man; man
mir gyur ba
gyur
gyurd gyur gyurd {MSA}manuya-bhta be a
man; man
mu stegs can blo
mu {LCh,N}koi; {N}anta possibility;
gros ngan pai lta ba blta lta

bltas ltos {MSA}trthya-kumati-di view of a
Forder of bad intelligence
possibilities; alternative; permutation
mu khyud can {C}sanemika
mu stegs can gzhan {C}trthy
{C}with
rims
other Forders {C}of other sects
mu ge {C}durbhika; {C}durabhiki
mu stegs can; mu stegs pa
contagion {C}famine; short of food; full of

famine
{L,MSA}trthika; {MSA}trthya Forder [a nonBuddhist]; [non-Buddhist] Forders heretic;

heretical
mu cor foolishness
mu cor mi smra ba {C}amukharat
not propound foolishness {C}not talk non-sense
mu tig {LCh}mukt pearl

mu steg can {MSA}trthya Forder [a
mu stegs pa {N}trthika Forder{N}

mu thug
{PH}limit
Even over a long period
of time, there is no limit to objects [of desire].
{PH}the child-like
Forders
{A4C-C}
mu stegs {LCh}trthika Forder [a nonBuddhist] heretic; heretical
nirgrantha Trthika Nirgrantha{N}
heretic; heretical
non-Buddhist] heretic; heretical
mu steg byis pa
mu stegs gcer bu pa {N}trthika
mu med {LCh}ananta [end-not exist];

limitless; boundless; endless
578
mu med pa {C}aparyanta [end-not exist]; mun pas bsgribs pa {MSA}tamovta obscured by darkness
limitless; boundless; endless
mu med pa thug pa med pa
mun sprul gang ciang
rung smra ba those who propound any and all

creations of darkness
{C}ananta-aparyanta endless and boundless
mu gzhi {N}catukoi four possibilities;
mun tshogs
tetralemna; four permutations
mu bzhi four possibilities

mu zi match; sulphur{D1}
mu ze match
mu gsum tri-koi three possibilities/
me {LCh,C,MSA,MV}agni; {C,MSA}
tejas; {C,MSA,MV}vahni; {C}jvalana fire

tsha zhing sreg pa/ Definition: hot and burning
me lnga brten pa
{PH}relying on the
five fires [fires in front; back; on both sides; and the
sun above]
permutations
mun khung {MSA}tamas; {C}andha-kra

darkness; obscurity; gloom
mun nag {MSA}tama-prakra black
mun nag thibs pai mun pa

{C}tamaskulam andhakram {C}blinding and
confusing darkness
mun pa {LCh,MSA,C}andhakra;
me char flint
me tog {LCh,C,MSA}pupa; {LCh}kusuma;
{C}phulla flower {C}full-blown flower
me tog kun da {C}kunda
{C}jasmine
flower
{LCh,MSA,C}tamas; {C}andha darkness;

obscurity; gloom {C}blind; region of darkness;
{GD:594}mass
me tog bkram pa {C}
avakrakusuma Avakrakusuma [p.n. of a

future Buddha]
mun pa can gyi nga rgyal
me tog gang la phog pa on
{Larson} bhtdi; tamasa ahakra {PH}

darkness-dominated I-principle
which the flower hits ...
mun pa ma mchis pa {C}
me tog gtor na
anandhakrat non-darkness {C}nonblindness
gtor thord gtord gtord {C}avakrakusuma
Avakrakusuma [p.n. of a future Buddha];
mun pa med {MSA}nirandhakra (e.g.:
when/if flowers are strewn
dharma-nirandhakra) non-darkness {C}nonblindness
me tog ldan {C}phulla having a flower

{C}full-blown flower
me lta bui sems bskyed mind-
bsal sel bsald seld {C}vidhama elimination/

removal/eradication/avoidance/exclusion/
clearing away of darkness {C}dispersal of
gloom
me lce {C}arci(s); {C}dpa tongue of flame

{T} {C}flame; light; ray; lamp
darkness{D1}
mun pa sel ba
{PH}gloom; mass of
darkness
generation like fire
me thor ba lta bu dag {C}digdha {C}the horizon all aflame
579
med {LCh,MV}asat; {C,MV}abhva; {C}
me dang dra {MSA}vahni-prakhya;

{MSA}vahni-sada similar to fire; like fire
avidyamna; {C}apanta; {C}varjana; {C}vigata;

{C}vina; {MSA}na; {MV}asattva; {MSA}nsti; {MV
5.19}na vidyate; {MV 5.daa-vaj}na savidyante;
{C}apratykhyna; {MSA}dod pa med = gataspha does not exist; not exist; not be {C}
absence; free from; left behind; departed; removed;
without; turning away from; removal; free; freed;
separated; non-refusal
gang zag gi bdag med pai phyir ... because a self
of persons does not exist med
na dgag mi dgos if [something] does not exist,
there is no need to negate it
ma mi min med dgag pai sgra ma, mi, min, and
med are the negative terms{Y}
me dang phrad pa {MSA}agnisabandha meet with fire
me drod
{PH}warmth
sbyor lam drod rtse mo bzod pa
chos mchog dang bzhi heat, peak, forbearance,
and supreme mundane quality paths of preparation
{PGP 69}
me mdag {L}agni fire; live coals

me mda gun
me gnas kyi bsam gtan
med dgag {LCh}prasajya-pratiedha;
concentration of abiding in fire
me bar bai obs whirlwind of
niedha {GD:371} non-affirming negation;

non-affirming negative; non-affirming negative
phenomenon
thogs reg gcig po bkag tsam gyi med dgag a nonaffirming negative which is the mere negation of
one type of obstructive contact
fire
me bar bai rlabs
{PH}
whirlwind of blazing fire
me bar bai rlubs
{PH}pit of
dbye
blazing fire
Divisions:
me brel pa {MSA}agni-sabandha
ba/ 1 rang gi dgag bya shes bya la srid pai med

dgag 2 rang gi dgag bya shes bya la mi srid pai
med dgag Divisions: (1) non-affirming negative
whose object of negation occurs among objects
of knowledge; (2) non-affirming negative whose
object of negation does not occur among objects of
knowledge
connection with fire; connected with fire
me mar {MSA}agni fire

me btsa {PH}moxibustion; acupuncture
me long {LCh,C,MSA}dara mirror
me long gi dkhyil khor {C}
med dgag gi gzhan sel
dara-maala round mirror
me long ngos gnyis pa
bsal sel bsald seld prasajya-
pratiedhnypoha other-eliminator that is a

non-affirming negative
{PH}a
two-sided mirror
med rgyui kun btags non-
me long lta bu {MSA}dara mirror-
existent imputational nature
like
med rgyui ngo bo <div>non-existent

me lta bu {PH}like fire
nature; nature that is non-existent</div>
me long lta bui ye shes {LCh}
med thabs med pai phyir
dara-jna mirror-like wisdom
because there is no way without a method ...
me shel {L}srya-knta sunlight; sunstone
580
med mtha abhvnta [non-existence-
varjita abandon non-existence
limit]; the extreme of non-existence
med du mi rung ba indispensible{N}

rgyui tshogs med du mi
rung ba indispensible prerequisites{LRC}
med na mi byung
byung byung byung byung indispensable
med pa {C,MSA,MV}abhva; {C}
avidyamna; {MSA}avidyamnat; {C}

asavidyamnat; {C}apagata; {MSA}vigata;
(e.g.: apa-abda-vigata); {C}vigatatva; {C}vina;
{C}avidya; {MV}nsti; {C}nstit; {C,MSA}
asat; {MV}asattva; {MSA}apeta (e.g.: malpeta);
{MSA}jaha (e.g.: pun <div>non-existence;
non-existent; does not exist; not exist; not be;
without</div> {C}all gone; without; vanished;
free from; left behind; departed; has departed;
ignorance; fact of its non-existence; absent; what
is not (there); is not; there is not; not-is-ness;
non-beingness; it is not
de ni rang gi ngo bos yod pa
ma yin pa med pa yang ma yin no Such a nature
is not existent by way of its own entity and is not
[utterly] non-existent either. (na tadasti na cpi nsti
svarpata) [PP, 264.3]
med pa nyid {C}asatt; {MSA}abhvat;
{MSA}nstitva non-existence {C}not being; has

no existence; no real being
med pa nyid du mi dod {MV}
med pa nyid yin pa {C}asattva is

non-existent; non-existent {C}(it) is not; nonbeingness
med pa dang dra ba yin {C}
asat-sakalpa is similar to non-existence {C}a

false representation (of what is not)
med pa gzhal snang can bzung yul du
byed pai rtog med khrul shes non-conceptual

mistaken consciousness that takes a clearly
appearing non-existent as its apprehended object
med pa yang dag pa nyid {C}

asad-bhtat non-existence {C}unreality
med pa yang ma yin {MV 1.13c

vc}npi cbhva and is not non-existent
med pa la kun brtags pa
gdags dogs btags/

brtags thogs {C}sakalpita inputation with
respect to what is non-existent {C}represent
what is not really there
med pa la dzin pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MV}asad-grha

apprehend what is non-existent
med pa la yod par dzin

{MSA}asati sad-grha apprehend the nonexistent as existent
med paang min {MV 1.13c vc}npi

med pai stong pa nyid {MSA}
abhva-nyat non-existent emptiness;
emptiness of the non-existent
med pai mtha abhvnta extreme

of non-existence{N}
med pai don {MSA}asad-artha
non-existent object/meaning; meaning of nonexistence {T}
med par {C}asat; {MSA}gzo med par =
vinbhogam non-existent; as non-existent {C}

when it is not there
spang spong spangs spongs {MV}asattvena
non-existent
cbhva and is not non-existent
abhva eva neyate does not assert/desire nonexistence {T}
med pa pa {N}nstika Nihilist{N}

med pa spangs pa
med pa ma yin not non-existent{N}

med pa min {MSA}na ... abhva not
581
mes dbon {PH}ancestral; ancient [kings]

mes btso cooking [lit.: refining by fire]
med par gyur {C}asta gacchati is

non-existent {C}is extinguished
med par lta ba
blta
lta bltas ltos {N}nstitva-darana view of
nihilism{N}
{BR}
mes tshig pa {C}agni-dha
med par rnam par rtog pa
{MSA}abhva-vikalpa conceive as non-existent
med par mi gyur
{C}(huge)
conflagration
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {MSA}antarea ... na

syt is not non-existent
mes shor ba {C}agni-dha
{C}(huge)
conflagration
mes bsros pa {MSA}agni-satpana

tormented by fire
med par mi rung {MSA}antarea ... na mo {LCh,MSA}str (1) female; woman; wife;
feminine particle; she; (2) particle indicating the

end of a statement
yujyate not suitable as non-existent
med par smra ba {N}nsti-vda; {N}
mo khab needle
mo a car
mi dred {PH}yeti
mo mog momo
mo gsham gyi bu {LCh}vandhy-
nsti-vdin nihilism; nihilist{N}
med mi rung
{PH}indispensible
tantras that are asserted as
indispensible. {A-myes 9b.2}
med min {MSA}na ... asan not nonexistent{BJ 38.1}
med math nstyanta nihilism

woman
med bzhin du {C}sada; {MSA}prakhya mog mog po lusterless
(e.g.: krma-prakhya) {PH}not actually
mog mog por byed {C}dhym mei khams {C,MSA}tejo-dhtu firekaraat make lusterless {C}eclipsing
putra son of a barren woman; child of a barren
mog mor por mdzad {C}dhym-
constituent; realm of fire
mei dpe {MSA}agni-dnta example of
karaat {C}eclipsing
mong rtul ba nyid
fire
mei phung po
me yi phung
deluded
mod {C}sulabha [verb + mod] indeed;
po/ {C}agni-skandha {C}mass of fire
mei obs {MV}agni-khad whirlwind
although; but; though {PH}moment; the very

moment; the same time {C}to be; how good it
is; how fortunate
of fire {T}
mes {PH}ancestor; patriarch

mes jig pa i bskal pa {C}
mon sne dmar po a red leaved plant

about two feet high, commonly called the new
year flower (lo gsar me tog)
teja-savartan (aeon of) disintegration by fire

{C}when the world is consumed by fire
mes dbon
{PH}ancestor and grandchild
{PH}utterly
mon lam chen mo Great Prayer

Festival
582
mou gal gyi bu {LCh}maudgalyyana

Maudgalyyana [p.n. of one of the Buddhas
main disciples]
mos
mos mos mos mos {C}
adhimukta (=adhimuktye); (adhi muc): {MSA}

adhimoka; {L}adhimuc-; {L,MSA}adhimukti;
{MSA}arthika belief; imagination; faith;
interest; inclined towards; prefer; zeal; imagine;
keen for {C}one who (always) resolutely
believes; one who believes; resolutely believed; a
resolute believer; resolved on; intent on; resolutely
intent on; firm; firmly believe; resolve; conviction
mos pa
mos mos mos mos
{LCh,C,MSA,MV}adhimoka; {C,MV,MSA}
adhimukti; {C}adhimucyate; {C}abhila;
{C}rocan; {C}rmat; {C}utsha; {C}
chandas (=kartu-kmat); {C}sph; {MSA}
adhimukta; {MSA}adhimucyan belief; interest;
imagination; faith; inclined towards; prefer;
zeal; imagine; keen for; devoted {C}devotion;
resolute faith; firm belief; resolve; resoluteness;
firm conviction; believes resolutely; resolutely
intent on; is resolved (upon); is intent on; eagerness;
willingness to find pleasure in; fondness; willpower; fortitude; energies; determina
mos pa rgya che ba
mos mos mos mos {C}udra-adhimuktika
extensive belief/faith/interest/inclination
towards/zeal {C}so much confirmed in their
faith; resolutely intent on the sublime; have sublime
aspirations
mos pa rgya chen po
mos mos mos mos {MSA}adhimukti ...
mos
mos mos mos {MSA}adhimukti-pui extensive/

increased belief/faith/interest/inclination
towards/zeal
mos mos mos

mos {MSA}mahdhimukti great belief/faith/
interest/inclination towards/zeal
mos pa nyid
mos mos
mos mos {MSA}adhimukti belief/faith/interest/
inclination towards/zeal/keenness
mos pa thob pa

adhimukti-lbha obtain belief
mos pa dang ldan pa
mos mos mos mos {C}dhtimat; {MSA}

dhimokika faithful; having belief/faith/
interest/inclination towards/zeal/keenness {C}
steady; steadfast
mos pa rnam par phel
byed pa {MSA}adhimukti vivardhayan cause

belief to increase {T}
mos pa spyod pai sems
bskyed mind-generation of engagement through

belief
mos pa mang ba nyid
mos mos mos mos {MSA}adhimukter

bahulat much belief/faith/interest/inclination
towards/zeal/keenness; greatness of belief/faith/
interest/inclination towards/zeal/keenness
mos pa yid byed adhimukti-
manaskra mental contemplation of belief
mos pa yid la byed pa {MSA}
mos pa las byung bai
yid byed mos mos mos mos

adhimokikamanaskra mental contemplation
arisen from belief
mos pai skabs
/ mos pa sgom
mos mos mos mos {MSA}adhimukty-adhikra

occasion of belief/faith/interest/inclination
towards/zeal/keenness
lam / mos pai sgom lam adhimuktalakao

bhvanmrga [Great Vehicle] path of
mos pa che
adhimukti-manaskra mental contemplation of

belief{Lati}
vipul extensive belief/faith/interest/inclination

towards/zeal
mos pa rgyas pa
meditation of belief
583
mos pai go rim pa
mos mos mos mos {C}adhimukty-anukrama
stages of belief/faith/interest/inclination towards/

zeal/keenness; that which has stages of belief/
faith/interest/inclination towards/zeal/keenness
{C}resolute gradual action
mos pai stobs bskyed pa

adhimukti-lbha attain/obtain through belief
mos pas spyod pa
mos
{MSA}adhimukti-baldhnat generate the

power of belief
pas spyod pa la gnas pai byang chub sems dpa

adhimukti-cary-bhmau bodhisattvasya the
Bodhisattvas ground of engagement through
belief
adhimukti-cary-bhmi ground of engagement

through belief
mos pai phan yon
mos pas thob pa
spyad spyod spyad spyod adhimukti-cary

engagement through belief
mos pai spyod pai sa
have belief/faith/interest/inclination towards/

zeal/keenness {C}(solemnly) declare; announce
mos pas spyod pai sa
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C,MSA,MV}
mos mos mos mos {MSA}adhimuktv anuase

benefit of belief/faith/interest/inclination
adhimukti-cary-bhmi ground of engagement

through belief {C}stage of firm resolve
mos pai bar du gcod pa
mos spyod
mos pai bras
mos
spyad spyod adhimukti-cary engagement

through belief
{MSA}adhimukti-paripantha interruption of
belief {T}
bu yongs su bsdu ba {MSA}adhimukti-phalaparigraha collect the fruits of belief
spyod kyi sas bsdus pai byang sems kyi mkhyen pa

spyad spyod spyad spyod exalted
knower of a Bodhisattva that is included within
the ground of engagement through belief
mos pai rim pa {C}adhimukty-
mos spyod pai sa
anukrama {C}resolute gradual action

spyad spyod spyad spyod adhimukti-cary-bhmi
ground of engagement through belief
mos pai bsod nams
kyi khyad par {MSA}adhimukti-puya-vieaa

feature of the merit of belief {T}
mos min
mos mos mos

mos {C}anadhimukti non-belief/faith/interest/
inclination towards/zeal/keenness
mos par dkao {C}duradhimoc(y)a

difficult to believe {C}hard to gain confidence
mos par gyur {C}sphayate; {C}
sphet believe; belief {C}long for; aspire to be
mos par bya ba
mos
mos mos mos {C}utsahna object of belief/faith/
interest/inclination towards/zeal/keenness; will/
should believe {C}energies
mos par byao
mos
mos mos mos {C}rocayati should/will believe/
spyad spyod
584
manydzu gho a Majughoha

mya ngan {C,L}dukha; {C}oka suffering;
sorrow
mya ngan gyi zug rngu
khong du chud par {C}oka-alya-parigata {C}

the dart of sorrow vexes him
mya ngan gyi zug rngu dang
prayukta practice for the sake of nirva
ldan pa {C}oka-alya-samarpita {C}afflicted

with the dart of sorrow
mya ngan las da bai
mya ngan gyi zug
du shes {MSA}nirva-saj conception of

nirva
rngus zug par gyur ro {C}oka-alya-viddha

{C}pierced by the dart of sorrow
mya ngan las
mya ngan nyam thag {C}okrtu
das chen poi mthar phyin no {C}nih-nirva

at the end which is great nirva {C}in the
end sustained by nirva
{C}afflicted with sorrow
mya ngan da ba {MSA}nirvti
mya ngan las das pa
myang das {C,L,MSA,MV}nirva;
liberation; liberated
mya ngan das {C,MSA}nirva;
{C,MSA}nirvti [sorrow-from-passed]; nirva;

liberation; nirvana {C}The Blessed Rest
{C}nirvt; {C}nirvta; {MSA}nirvti nirva;

liberation; liberated {C}disgust; gone to rest
mya ngan das pa ston pa
nirva-darana teach nirva
mya ngan das la
khor zhi ro gcig pa {MSA}nirve sasti-ntyekarasa in nirva the world and peace are of
one taste {T}
mya ngan sdug bsngal chos
{C}dukha-dharma-oka phenomena of sorrow

and suffering {C}dharmas making for sorrow
and ill
liberation {C}they do not escape into the Blessed

Rest
{PH}deviant path
of suffering
mya ngan lam gol khyams
pa {PH}wanderer on the deviant path of suffering
mya ngan las da ba {MSA}
nirva; {MSA}parinirva nirva; liberation
mya ngan las
da bai don du rab tu sbyor ba

sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}parinirvrtha-
mya ngan las

das pa chen po kun tu ston pa
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}mah-
parinirva-sadarana teach the great nirva
mya ngan las das pa dang khor ba dag la

mya
ngan las das pa dang ldan pai sems bskyed pa
nirvti-sahagata()-cittotpda generate a mind

that is connected with nirva
{C}lead to
nirva
mya ngan lam gol
las das pa mngon du phyogs pai chos {MSA}

nirvbhimukha ... dharma phenomena of the
approach to nirva {T}
mi gnas pai phyir {MSA}nirva-sasrayor

apratihnt due to not abiding in either
nirva or cyclic existence
mya ngan mi da {C}anirvta non mya ngan zlo {C}nirvpayi
mya ngan
585
mya ngan las das pa
ni zhi bao {MSA}nta nirvam nirva is

peaceful
mya ngan las das
pa zhi ba yin pa nta nirvam nirva is

peaceful
mya ngan las das

pa zhi zhing dge ba nirva is peaceful and
auspicious
mya ngan las das
myu gu {LCh,C,MSA}akura; {C}stamba; {C}
pa la mi gnas pa {MSA}nirvpratihitatva
not abide in nirva
viapam sprout {C}tree
das pa la yid gnas so {MSA}nirve pratihita

mana mental abiding in nirva {T}
myur {MSA}u; {MSA}kipra quickly

myur du {C,MV}kipram; {C}kipru; {C}
ngan las das pa la lhag par dga ba {MSA}

nirvbhiratatva special joy with respect to
nirva
myur du rtogs
che ba nyid {MSA}nirvti-mhtmya greatness

of nirva
myur du du ba {C}kipra-sagrahat
mya ngan las
tvarite; {C}laghu; {C}ghra(m); {MV}na cirt

quickly {C}speedy; swiftly; nimbly; go on; hurry
up with
mya
mya ngan las das pai
{C}ability to convey quickly
myur ba {LCh}kipra; {L} ghram quick;
mya ngan las das pai ched
fast; speed; hurry; pass quickly; quickly
{MSA}nirvdhikrat intent on nirva; for

the sake of nirva {T}
myur ba myur ba {L}ghram very
quickly
myur bai las ghra-karman
bde ba {MSA}nirvti-sukha the bliss of nirva
myur bar {C;MV}kipram; {C}kipru; {C}

tvarite; {C}laghu; {C}ghra(m); {MV}na cirt
{PH}quickly
mya ngan las das par
myur byon gsol debs
dod pa {MSA}nirvecch wish for nirva;

desire for nirva
{C}wilderness;
myong / myong
/ myangs/ myongs/ to taste; to experience
myang das
mya ngan
las das pa nirva nirvana
myang das gnyis
{PH}two [kinds
of] nirva
myang ba
myong /
myong / myangs/ myongs/ {C}svda to taste; to
experience {C}enjoy; relish
myangs
myong /
myong / myangs/ myongs/ to taste; to experience
{PH}
supplication for swift return
waste; devastation
myang
{PH}
epicycle correction
bsam pa {MSA}nirvbhiprya thought of

nirva
mya nang {C}kntra
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs kiprnubudhyate

understand quickly
myur mdzad ma {Toh. 1319} kurukull

{PH}Kurukull
myes {PH}ancestor(s)
myong
myong /
myong / myangs/ myongs/ {LCh}anubhava; {L}
anubh; {MSA}anubhti (e.g.: phalnubhti); {C}
pratyanubhavati; {LCh}savedana; {C}asnute;
{C,L}asvada; {MSA}upasavitti; {C}labhate to
taste; experience; undergo; enjoy; feel {C}
gain; enjoyment; relishing; undergo; relish; receive;
apprehend; get; gain
myong khrid instruction from experience

myong ba
myong / myong / myangs/ myongs/ {L}
586
dmangs sgrung {PH}folk tale; folkstory

dman {MSA}hna; {MSA}nata; {MSA}hni
anubh; {C}anubhava; {MV}(praty-anu bh):

pratyanubhavati; {L}asvada; {MSA}prati-sa
vid): pratisavedyate; anubhta to taste;
experience; undergo; enjoy; presentational
apprehension [being an awareness of an object
presented to the consciousness either directly or
indirectly by reasoning, language or example]
{Nyya, GD:648}; experienced {C}gain;
enjoyment; relishing; undergo; relish; receive;
apprehend; get; gain
limited; inferior; little; low
dman pa {C,L,MSA}hna;{C}mduka;
{MSA}dna; {MSA}nihna; {MSA}mndya; {MSA}

mdu; {MSA}vihna; {MSA}hyamna lesser;
inferior; small; little; low {C}mean; left behind;
disagreeable; dull; soft; mild
dman pa nyid {C}nynatva; {MSA}
myong ba rgyu mthun gyi

bras bu experientially causally concordant
effect
hnatva smallness; inferiority; deficiency
myong ba thon pa develop experience

myong ba ma yin {C}anlha
non-experience; not experienced; cannot be
experienced
myong ba med pa an-anubhta

unexperienced
myong bar gyur {C}pratisavedayati
to taste; experience; undergo; enjoy {C}feels;
experiences
myong bar bya ba {C}anubhavanat
mos mos mos mos {C}hna-adhimuktika;
{MSA}hna ... adhikamukti belief/faith/interest/

inclination/zeal/keenness in/toward/for the
inferior {C}those who have an interest in the
low; those of inferior resolve/intentions
dman pai gro ba {C}hna-gati

inferior transmigration {C}inferior destiny
{PH}the first seven Lesser Vehicle grounds
dman pai sa pa {MSA}hna-bhmika
person on a Hnayna ground
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}unmda
dbye ba/ 1
Divisions:
(=unmdam aunprpnuyus; akin to: citta-vikepa)

{C}frantic
{PH}
atnka [a Licchavi]
dmag dren {PH}leading to war

dmag ldan gzugs can
snying po King Bimbisra
dman pai sa dang po bdun
myong /
myong / myangs/ myongs/ to taste; experience;
undergo; enjoy
dmag mi soldiers
dman pa la mos pa
inferiority
myongs
dmag sen army {PH}war; battle

dmag brgya ba {Negi} atnka
dang khyad par can {MSA}hna-madhya-viia

inferior, middling, and special
dman pai nga rgyal pride of
{C}experience
myos myos por gyur
dman pa dang brin
587
dkar po rnam par mthong pai sa/ 2 rigs kyi sa/ 3

brgyad pai sa/ 4 mthong bai sa/ 5 bsrab pai sa/ 6
dod chags dang bral bai sa/ 7 byas pa rtogs pai
sa/ 7 rang sang rgyas kyi sa/ Divisions: (1) ground
of seeing the wholesome; (2) ground of lineage;
(3) ground of the eighth; (4) ground of seeing; (5)
ground of dimishment; (6) ground free from desire;
(7) ground of realizing completion; (8) ground of
the Solitary Realizer {T}
dman pai sems {MSA}nihna-citta;

{MV}hna-cittatva inferior mind
dman par mos
mos
mos mos mos {MSA}hndhimukti belief/faith/
interest/inclination/zeal/keenness in/toward/for
the inferior
dman pa/ bring/ mchog

{MSA}hna ... madhya ... uttama inferior,
middling, and superior
dma ba {L}hna; {C}avanata(s); {C}
dmigs rkyen lambanapratyaya
ncatva; {MSA}avanat inferior; low{D1}; little;

small {C}dejected; inferiority
observed-object condition; object-of-observation

condition
dma ba lags pas {C}nimna
dmigs rkyen
dma mo {PH}lowly people

dmar {C}rakta red {C}passionate; fond of
dmar khrid bare instruction; naked
dmigs rkyen btags pa pa

imputed object-of-observation-condition
instruction; essential instruction
dmigs rkyen btags pa ba
dmar sngon {PH}red and blue

dmar mchod byed pa making
gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs imputed observed-objectconditions
bloody sacrifice{TGP 77}
dmar pa {L}hna inferior; low; small;
dmigs gyur
dmar po {C,L}lohita; {C}rakta red

dmar po ri {PH}Red Hill [in Lhasa]
dmigs sgo nas
from the point of view of observation/
apprehension {C}gain; get at/to; seize on
{PH}bloody
pox
dmar ser [red-yellow]; orange; reddish-
yellow {PH}orange; reddish-yellow

sing ga la pa rnams ni
dmar ser sha stag gyon, The Singhalese wear only
orange. {GCC}
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs {C}upalambha
(present site of the Potala Palace)
dmigs
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs {C}labhati to

observe; apprehend; be aware of {C}gain; get
at/to; seize on
little
dmigs
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs lambana-pratyaya

observed object condition; referential condition
{GD:130}; observed-object condition; object-ofobservation condition
{C}slopes away
dmar lam pa reddish

dmar shal gyi rims
dmigs dmigs dmigs {C}lambati; {C}lambate;

(upa labh): {MSA}upalabhate; {C}upalabdhi; {C}
upalambha; {C}labhati; {C}upagacchati; {MV}
lambana; {MSA}upapadyate (=upalabhyate); {C}
prajpayati observe; apprehend; be aware of;
object of observation (=dmigs pa) {C}make
into an object; come (to); go to; be overpowered;
approach; take to; undergo; with negative: remain
unaware; apprehension; can be apprehended in
actual reality; gain; get to/at; seize on; basic; basic
fact; basis of apprehension; apprehension as b
588
dmigs can
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs {C}upalambhika

having observation; having apprehension {C}
one who leans on a basis
dmigs rten

dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs object-of-observation
support
dmigs rnam
{PH}object of observation
dmigs pa dang bcas ma
and [subjective] aspect
dmigs rnam skyong
bai skabs occasions of sustaining objects of

observation and subjective aspects
dmigs pa

dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs {LCh,C,MSA,MV}
lambana; {C,MV,MSA}upalambha; {C,MV,MSA}
upalabdhi; {C}rambaa; {C}adhylambate; {C}
upalabhate; {C}upaiti; {MSA}upalabhyamna
object of observation; object of awareness;
object; imagination; visualization; apprehension;
observed; observed object {C}objective
support; be aware of; perceive; opinion; imagine;
construe; basic fact; basic; basis of apprehension;
take as a basis; can be apprehended in actual reality;
uphold; look for support in; hangs on to; seek (for)
rebirth in; base rebirth (in/on)
dmigs pa can
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs {C}
aupalambhika having an object of observation

{C}one who leans on/observes a basis; one who is
based on something
dmigs pa che ba nyid {MSA}
lambanamahatva {PH}greatness of object of

observation
dmigs pa chen po nyid

{MSA}lambana-mahattva greatness of the
object of observation
yin dmigs dmigs

dmigs dmigs {C}sa-rambaa not having an
object of observation {C}with an objective
support
dmigs pa dang bral ba

{MSA}upalambhasya vigama free from
apprehension
dmigs pa dang mi dmigs
dmigs dmigs dmigs

dmigs {MV}nopalambhopalambha observation
and non-observation {T}
dmigs pa
dang yid la byed pa dang thob pa

lambana-manaskra-prpti observation, mental
application, and attainment {T}
dmigs pa ni sems yin te
dmigs dmigs dmigs

dmigs {MSA}cittam evalmbana the object of
observation is the mind {T}
dmigs pa rnam
pa gsum la jug {MSA}trividhlambana-vtta

engage three types of object of observation {T}
dmigs pa mi dmigs pa
dmigs dmigs dmigs
dmigs {MSA}lambannupalambha not

observation the object of observation {T}
dmigs pa brjed par ma
dmigs pa mi rung ba
gyur {MV}lambane samoa not to forget

the object of observation {T}
dmigs pa gnyis rnyed pa
{MV}upalabdhy-ayoga unsuitable object of
{MSA}dvaylambana-lbha obtain two objects of

observation {T}
dmigs pa dag objects of observation

dmigs pa dang bcas pa
dmigs dmigs dmigs
dmigs {C}aupalambhika having an object of
observation {C}one who leans on/observes a

basis; one who is based on something
589
observation {T}
dmigs pa med
nirpalambho unobservability; boundlessness;

non-observation; non-apprehension {C}
without apprehending anything
dmigs pa med dang ldan pa
tshold {MSA}lambana-paryei thoroughly

investigate/examine/research/seek for the object
of observation
dmigs dmigs dmigs

dmigs {C}gatopalambhayoga together with
non-observation; having non-apprehension
{C}absence of devotion to a basis
dmigs pa med pa
dmigs pa shes pa

lambana-jna cognition of an object of
observation
dmigs pai rkyen
anaupalambhika; {C}nirlambana; {MSA}

anlambana unobservable; unobservability;
boundlessness; non-observation; nonapprehension; no object of observation {PH}
without reservation {C}without apprehending
anything; one who observes no basis; without
objective support
lambana-pratyaya observed object condition
dmigs pai sgo nas zag
dmigs
pa med pa dang dmigs pa ya ma brlad dag

niralmbana-vaikat {C}absence of an objective
support and voidness
dmigs pa med pa
... grhya apprehend an object of observation;

apprehended object of observation
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs {MSA}svlambana good object of observation {T}
dmigs pa yi ni mchog
{MSA}upalambha para supreme object of

observation {T}

lambana-dharma phenomenon that is an object
of observation
dmigs pai rten
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs basis of the
object of observation; support that is the object

of observation
dmigs pai tshul gyis
{MSA}lambana-prabheda division of the object

of observation
dmigs dmigs dmigs

dmigs {MSA}lambana-pariuddhi pure object
of observation; purify the object of observation
dmigs pa yongs su tshol ba

btsal tshol/tshel btsal
dmigs pai rab tu dbye ba
dmigs pa yongs su dag pa
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs {L}
{C}rambaa-yogena through the mode of the

object of observation {C}through making into
an objective support
dmigs pai dngos po

dmigs pai chos
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}lambana
dmigs pa bzang
bcas dmigs dmigs

dmigs dmigs contaminated by way of being
an object of observation [i.e. when taken as an
object of observation, it is suitable to increase the
afflictions]{Lati}
lambana-vastu real objective thing
la gnas pa {C}anupalambha-vihrin abide

in unobservability; abiding in no object of
observation {C}one who dwells in the Baseless
dmigs pa gzung ba
590
dmigs par gyur
labhate; (upa labh): {MV}upalabhyante observe;

apprehend; observation; apprehension {C}get;
gain; receive; get hold of
dmigs par chad do {MSA}
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs lambana-viaya

object of observation; observed object
ucchidyate lambanam divide the object

of observation; division of the object of
observation; divided object of observation
dmigs yul bden
bzhi la doms pa guidance concerning the

objects of observation which are the four truths
dmigs par bya bai
don med dmigs

dmigs dmigs dmigs {MV}upalabhyrthbhva
meaningless to observe {T}
dmigs su med
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs {C}na
dmigs par byas
pai kun brtags pa

gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs {MSA}lambankta parikalpita imputation made into an
object of observation {T}
dmigs par byed de {C}lamban dmigs par mi byed pa {MSA}
anrambaa; {C}nirupalepat (=nirupalambhat)
anupalambha unobservability; boundlessness;

does not make into an object of observation; does
not observe; does not apprehend
dmus long {C}jty-andha blind person
{C}born blind
dmigs med
dmus long long blind person{LRC}

dmyal {C}naraka hell
dmyal ba {C,MSA}naraka; {C}niraya;
dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs unobservability;

boundlessness
nraka hell; hell-being
dmigs med la
dbye ba/ 1 tsha dmyal
dmigs pai snying rje

dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs anlamban-karu
compassion observing the unapprehendable
Divisions:
ba/ 2 grang dmyal ba/ 3 nye khor dmyal ba/ 4

nyi tshe bai dmyal ba Divisions: (1) [eight] hot
hells (dha-naraka); (2) [eight] cold hells (tanaraka); (3) the hells of preliminary or lighter
punishment which are situated in the neighborhood
of the greater hells (pratya kanaraka); (4) hell of
temporary punishment which
dmigs med la
dmigs pai byams pa

dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs *anlaban maitri
love observing the unapprehendable
dmigs yul
does not exist as observed/apprehended {PH}

unapprehendability; unobservability {C}without
objective support; free from stains; untainted

bsal sel bsald seld exception
dmigs bsal du shes par bya rgyu yin
[these] should be known as exceptions
lambana-prabhavatva arising of the object

of observation; arise due to the object of
observation
avinyaka {C}without a guide
does not exist as an object of observation;
dmigs bsal
dmigs bu med pa
dmigs su med pa
karoti makes into an object of observation
dmigs pas byung ba
labhyate; {C}anupalabhamna not observed;

not apprehended {C}cannot be apprehended;
not seized; not getting at; who does not apprehend;
since I do not get at; since I fail to apprehend; not
apprehending; unable to get at; when one cannot
apprehend
591
dmyal ba pa {LCh}nraka; nairayika
astonishing; wonderful; marvel
rmad byung ba
hell being {C}in the hells; infernal
dmyal bai rten can
byung byung byung byung {L}adbhuta

marvellous; astonishing; wonderful; marvel
gyi so soi skye bo ordinary beings with the

basis of hell-dwellers; common being having the
basis of a hell-being
rmi ltas {PH}dream signs

rmi ltas su mthong ba svapna-
darana dream seeing

dmyal rtsub {PH}rough hell
rmi dra svapna-vat as in a dream
rma bya peacock
rma bya chen mo {Toh.559} mahmyr rmi lam {C,MV}svapna; {C}supina; {C}
{PH}Mahmyr
rma byai mdongs the eyes in a

peacocks feathers{LWT 21}
rma byai tshogs can
{PH}Group
of Peacocks (n. of a forest in S. Tibet)
supinntare; {C}svapnntara dream{BJ 59.6}

{C}in his dreams; in a dream
rmi lam gyi sngon
po sngon por gsal bar snang bai rmi lam gyi shes
pa a dream-consciousness to which a dream-blue
clearly appears as blue
rmangs mo Base One {PH}scum

rmad {PH}marvelous; marvelous [thing]
rmad du byung byung
rmi lam gyi rtags {PH}dream signs

rmi lam gyi shes pa {PH}a dream
rmad du byung ba
rmi lam lta bu nyid {MSA}
consciousness
rmi lam gyi sngon po sngon
por gsal bar snang bai rmi lam gyi shes pa a

dream-consciousness to which a dream-blue clearly
appears as blue
byung byung byung {MSA}adbhuta; {MSA}

carya marvellous; astonishing; wonderful;
marvel
byung byung byung byung {L,MSA}adbhuta;

{MSA}carya; {L} adbhta marvellous;
astonishing; wonderful; marvel; marvelous
di rmad du byung
bai legs bshad cig dug ste this is a marvellously
good explanation{TGP 39}
rmad du byung bai chos kyi
sde byung byung byung byung

{C}adbhuta-dharmas marvellous phenomena;
marvels
rmad du byung ba
byung byung byung byung {C}adbhuta

marvellous; astonishing; wonderful; marvel
rmad byung {PH}marvelous

rmad byung ba byung
byung byung byung {MSA}adbhuta marvellous;
592
svapnopamatva dream-like
rmi lam du rmis pa
rmi lam rmis pa/ {C}svapna-darin to dream;

have a dream{Ship 65b.4} {C}one who sees a
dream
rmi lam dra ba {C}svapnopama
dream-like; like a dream; similar to a dream
rmi lam rmis pa
rmi
lam du rmis pa/ {C}svapna-darin to dream;
have a dream{Ship 65b.4} {C}one who sees a
dream
rmi lam lus {PH}dream-body

rmigs pa lizards
rmis pa dang mtshung pa
(=ajna-virhn) obscured; deluded {C}is
stupefied; get stupefied
svapna-iva similar to a dream
rmugs {LCh;L}sthyna {PH}lethargy

rmugs pa {LCh,L}sthyna; styna
lethargy; obscuration sloth; torpor; laziness
rmugs pa dang gnyid

stynamiddha lethargy and sleep
rmugs pa dang gnyid chung

ba {C}sthyna-middha lethargy and sloth
rmeg med du bcom
gzhom joms bcom choms destroy into
total disorder
rmongs
rmong rmong
rmongs rmongs {MV}moha; {MV}vimoha; {MV}

samoha obscuration; delusion; confusion;
ignorance; dullness
smad pa {C}jugupsanat; {C}jugupsyn;
{MSA}nindita; {MSA}paribh; {MSA}(vi garh):

vigarhate; nind blame; lower; lower part {C}
loathing; in disgust
smad byung
byung
byung byung byung fantastic and marvellous;

fantastic; extraordinary
sman {LCh,C,L,MSA}bhaiajya; {C}oadh; {C}
cikitsaka; {MSA}auadha medicine; drug {PH}

medicine {C}herb; remedy; medical treatment
sman khang [medicine-house]; hospital

sman rta {PH}medium of medicinal
consumption
rmong rmong rmongs rmongs {MSA}asamoha

non-obscuration; non-delusion; non-deluded;
non-confused
byung byung byung byung wonderful
rmong rmong rmongs rmongs delude; obscure;

serve to obscure/dull/confuse become deluded;
deluded person; ignorant; delusion; fool
rmongs par gyur {C}dhandhyati
smag rum dark; darkness

smad {MSA}(vi v): vivarayati lower;
smad du byung ba

{MSA}samoha obscured; having obscurations;
deluded; confused; be dull
rmongs pa med pa
pervaded by thick darkness
byung
byung byung byung fantastic and marvellous{BJ
29.3}
smag black; dark; darkness

smag thug po {PH}thick darkness
smag thug pos khyab pa
smad du byung
rmong rmongs rmongs {LCh,MSA,L}mha;

{LCh,MSA,MV,C}moha; {C}muhyati; {MSA}
vimha; {MSA}samha (e.g.: jeyev
asamha); {MV}vimoha; {MV}samoha; {C}
dhandhyitat; {C}dhanvyitatva (=ajna tatsvarpa-apratipatti) obscuration; delusion;
confusion; ignorance; dullness {C}ignorant;
stupefaction; stupefied; be bewildered
rmongs pa byed pa
having deluded nature; stupid{S}
lower part; May (Lower) College of Se-ra

Monastic University
rmongs chen {PH}great fool

rmongs pa rmong
rmongs pa dang bcas pa
rmongs byed ma {PH}Mohani

rmongs med {PH}non-delusion
rmons pai rang bzhin can
sman lta bui sems bskyed

mind-generation like medicine
593
sman pa {C,MSA}vaidya physician; doctor
sme ba mole
sme ba gnag bag {C}klatilaka
sman pai rgyal po bla med
anuttara-vaidya-rja highest king of physicians
sman pai mchog {C}vaidyottama
{C}mole
sme sha can * maka
{C}the Supreme Physician
sman rtsi {PH}medical elixir

sman rtsis khang {PH}Astro-Medical
{PH}Followers
of Durg
smod
smad/ smod/
smad/ smod/ {C}pasaka; {C}pamsayati; {C}
prativacati; (vi garh): {MSA}vigarhanti; {C}
vigarhate; {C}vigarhati; {MSA}ninda {C}
opposes; censure; one who deprecates
College
sman rtse {PH}[Chinese] barbarians

sman bzang po {MSA}subhaiajya
smod pa {C}jugupsanat; {C}pasana;
helpful medicine; good medicine
smig rgyu {MSA}marci mirage

smig rgyu
{C}pasayi; {C}vijugupsana; {MSA}jugupsana;

{MSA}jugupsin; {MSA}apavadana; {MSA}(nind);
{MSA}prativahana loathing; deprecating;
deprecates
dang rmi lam dang chu zla la sogs pa {MV}

marci-svapnodaka-candrdi mirage, dream,
moon in water, etc.
smod par byed {C}pratikroati
smig sgyu {LCh}marci mirage

smin ripen; mature; fructify; [for smin ma:]
(=apriya-abhidhnt); {C}vigarhate {C}reviles;

rejects; censures
smod par byed pa {C}pasayati;
eyebrow
{MSA}vigarhanti (e.g.: kuceita vigarhanti)

{C}reviles; rejects; censures; deprecates
smin pa {L}vipka; {MSA}pakva; {MSA}
smod par byed par gyur te
paripka ripen; mature; fructify; maturation;

ripening; matured; ripened
{C}pasayati {C}deprecates
smin par byed {MV}pcana maturing; smon {MSA}praidhna wish; admire; pray;
ripening
aspire
smin par byed pa {MSA}pcan
smon mkhyen pa nyid
maturing; ripening
smin byed {MSA}pcan; {MSA}pcika;
{C}praidhi-jna {C}cognition which results
from resolve
{C}paripcana; {C}pcana ripener; ripening;

maturing
smin ma eyebrow
smin tshugs {C}bhruva eyebrows
smon nas mkhyen pa
{C}
eye-brows
smin mtshams kyi
{C}praidhi-jna {C}cognition which results

from resolve
smon nas shes pa {C,MSA}praidhijna {C}cognition which results from resolve
smon pa {C}praidadhti (e.g.: m citta
mdzod spui phrag {C}r-koa hair-treasure

between the eyebrows; hair-tuft between the
eyebrows {C}hair-tuft between the eyebrows
praidh); {C,MV,MSA}praidhna; {MV}

praihita; {MSA}nidhna; {MSA}asana; {MSA}
594
sti; {MSA}samsti wish; admire; pray;
aspire {C}resolves; vow; plans for the future;
resolve; desire for the future
petition {PH}aspirational prayers; wishes;

prayer-wishes; prayer {C}vow; resolve; plans for
the future; desire for the future
exclusion of wish
praidhna-vaieikat having the feature of

prayer-wishes {T}
smon pa rnam par spangs pa smon lam khyad par can {MSA}
smon pa med pa {C,MSA}apraihita;
smon lam khyad par blo gros
{C}apraidhna wishlessness{N} {C}not

hopeful; no plans made for the future; no lack of
vows
*praidhna-vaieika-mati {PH}Praidhnavaieika-mati [pn. of a bodhisattva-mahsattva]
smon pa med pai ting
smon lam gyi khyad par {MSA}
nge dzin gzung dzin bzung

zungs {MSA}apraihita-samdhi meditative
stabilization of wishlessness; wishless meditative
stabilization
smon lam gyi stobs can {MSA}
apraidhnasya padam basis of wishlessness;

wishless basis
smon lam gyi pha rol tu
{MV}jnpraihita cognition of wishlessness;

wishless consciousness
smon lam gyi dbang {MSA}
smon pa med pai gzhi {MSA}
praidhna-viea feature of prayer-wishes {T}
praidhna-balika having the power of wishing

{PH}having the power of wishing
phyin pa {MSA}praidhna-pramit perfection

of wishing
smon pa med pai shes pa
praidhna-vaa the force of wishing
{MSA}apraihita wishlessness; wishless
smon lam chen po bcu
{MSA}sti-manaskra aspirational mental

contemplation; mental contemplation of wishing
smon lam chen
smon pa med par gyur pa
{PH}
ten great aspirational prayers [of a first ground
bodhisattva]
smon pa yid la byed pa
smon pa lhun gyis grub pas

{MSA}anbhogenpraidhya (prai dh) due
to a spontaneous wish {T}
smon pai sems {MSA}sti-citta
attitude of aspiration; wishing mind; aspirational

mind
smon par byed pa {L}praidhna

aspire; wish; pray; vow; resolve
smon par med pa {C}apraihita; {C}

apraidhna wishlessness; non-aspiration
smon lam {LCh,MV,MSA,C}praidhna;
smon lam btab pa
gdab/ debs/ btab/ thobs/ {MSA}

praihita plant prayer-wishes {T}
smon lam dang sgrub

pai khyad par bsgrub
sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}praidhnapratipatti-viea features of wishing and
achievement {T}
smon lam dang ldan pa {MSA}

praidhnavat having wishes
{L}praidh; {C,MSA}praidhi [wish-path];

prayer-wish; aspirational prayer; wishes;
prayer-wishes; prayer; supplication; prayer
po bcu mngon par sgrub pa

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}daa-mahpraidhnbhinirhra manifestly establish the
ten great wishes
595
smon lam debs
gdab debs btab thobs {C}praidheti offer
a wish {C}he makes the vow
smon lam debs pa
a mirage; a mere mirage
gdab debs btab thobs (pra-i dh):
{LCh} vaa[-kt] {PH}founder of a lineage
{MSA}praidadhti; {MSA}praidhna kariyanti

offer a wish {C}he makes the vow
smon lam mi gtong ba

anirkta-praidhi not give up prayer-wishes
{C}unobstructed vow/resolve
smyug po
{PH}brown
nag tshos jo bo mjal tshe
na bza smyug po can gsungs pa ... Nak-tshos
statement that when he met Atia, [he] had brown
clothes ... {GCC} p.14
{MSA}praidhna-manasikra wishing mental

contemplation; mental contemplation of wishing
smon lam la brten pa {MSA}

praidhna-sanirit in dependence upon
wishing
smon lam shes pa {MSA}praidhi-
smon sems bodhi-praidhi-citta attitude

of aspiration [to full enlightenment]; aspirational
smyon thabs {C}tuda {C}frantic

smyon pai gar dance of the
insane{LWT 232}
smyos
smyo/ smyo/ smyos/

smyo/ to be mad; insane; crazy; be crazed
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed [aspire-mind-
smra
generate]; generate the attitude of aspiration [to

full enlightenment]
smra/ smra/ smras/
smros/ {C}vyharati; {MSA}vakt propound;

speak {C}utter; says
smo/ smo/ smos/
smra mkhas {MSA}vgmin wise
smos/ {C}prg eva; {MSA}scana statement;

[desiderative marker] {C}how much more/less
so
smos ci {C}prg eva
smyung gnas fasting

smyo smyo/ smyo/ smyos/
smyo/ to be mad; insane; crazy; be crazed
jna aspirational consciousness
smos
smyig tshal {TTS} vraa {PH}reed

smyu gu pen
smyug stag tiger that stays in bamboo
groves
smon lam yid la byed pa
smon sems bskyed
smyig ma mkhan {GST} veukra;
proponent; speak wisely
smra mkhas pa {MSA}vk-karaa wise
{C}how much more/
proponent; speak wisely
less so
smos ci dgos {C,MSA}prg eva what smra mkhas pa dang ldan
pa {MSA}vacasbhyupeta; {MSA}vkkaraenopeta wise speech; skilled speech;

wise/skilled proponent {T}
need is there to mention ... {T} {C}how much

more/less so
smos pa {MSA}grahaa statement;
smra mkhas phun sum tshogs
saying:{BJ 38.2}
{MSA}su-vk-karaa-sapad the marvel of

skilled speech {T}
smyig rgyu {C}marci mirage {C}mirage

smra mchog {C}vdi-reha
smyig rgyu lta bu {C}marci-sama
mirage-like; like a mirage {C}mirage-like; like
supreme teacher
596
{C}the
smra nus pa {C}vacana-samartha able
propounding; speak; speaking {C}explain
smra med pa {C}anudhra non-
to propound; able to speak {C}able to express

himself
smra pa propounding; proponent; speaker;
propounding; not propound; unutterable
teaching; spoke; taught; speak
smra ba mchog {C}vdi-reha
{PH}
the best of propounders
smra ba
smra/ smra/
smras/ smros/ {C}vdin; {C}vadati; {C}udharati;
{C}vyharati; {MV}pravyhra; {C}kath; {C}
bhite; {MSA}abhilpa; {MSA}abhibhin (e.g.:
prvbhibhin); {C}vyavapadiati propound;
proponent{BJ 22.2}; speak; utter; say; advocate
{C}announce; preacher; when speaking;
teach; preacher; theoretician; one who asserts;
acknowledge
smra ba brjod pa
smra ba nyung ba {C}alpa-bhya; {C}
smras
smra/ smra/ smras/
smros/ {C}vadati propound; speak; utter; say;

advocate; it is said {C}teach
smras nas ring mo zhig lon

pa {MSA}cira-bhita speak for a long time
smras pa {LCh}ha; {LCh}ukta; ucyate; {C}
bhaita; {C}jalpita; {C}jalpyamna; {C}mantrite

It is said; propound; speak; utter; say; advocate
{C}teach; declaration; spoke; he said; talking; but
mumbled; talking; when spoken to
out aloud
manda-bhya speaks little {C}soft in his

speech
smros
smra ba po {A4C} bruvan
smra/ smra/ smras/
smros/ propound; speak; utter; say; advocate
tsa na because [verb + ...]

tsa ra ka {PH}Caraka
tsa ri ka {PH}Caraka
tsa ri ka pa {PH}Follower of Caraka
tsang because [verb + ...]
tsang ma {C}sauca {C}unsoiled
tsanda {LCh;C}candana {PH}sandalwood
tsan dan {LCh,C}candana sandalwood
tsandana {LCh;C}candana {PH}sandalwood
tsan dan gyi dri the odor of
{PH}speaker
If the
sound making the noise reaches [the ear] why isnt
it [considered] the speaker? {A4C} 14.18ab
smra ba bla na med pa
unsurpassed proponent (an epithet of

Shkyamuni Buddha)
smra ba zla med unmatched

proponents [of doctrine] (Buddhas)
smra ba la yang slob par

byed {MSA}abhilpa ... ikayati learn to
propound {T}
smra bai spros conventional teaching

smra bai zla ba {C}vdi-candra {C}
sandalwood
moon of the doctrine
propounding; not propound; unutterable {C}

not conventionally expressed
smre sngags sorrowful moaning

smre bzhin du {C}krandantin {C}cries
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}bha propound;

express; state; speak; statement; speaking
smra bar byed do {C}sadhyate
smrar med pa {C}avyavahta non-
597
tsan dan gyi phye ma {C}candana-
cra {C}sandlewood powder
tsan dan phur ma {C}candana-pua

{C}basket containing sandlewood powder
tsan dan tshal gyi dur khrod
{PH}Sandalwood Grove Charnel Ground (one of

the eight traditional charnal grounds)
tsam {LCh,C,MV,TN}mtra only; mere;

{PH}bag of tsampa
de tsam gyis merely through that
gtsug tor gyi

gtsug tor can {C}ikhin ikhin
tsam kho na {MV}mtra only; merely;
[p.n. of a Bodhisattva in the Buddha-field of

Akobhya]
gtsug tor rnam par rgyal ma
just
tsam na as soon as
tsam pa how much?; how far?
tsam tshod lta ci dka zhes
{PH}Usnisavijaya
{C}kimutlpa-mtram {C}that is nothing difficult
tsam la mi byed par without
gtsug na pre-eminent
gtsug nor {PH}crown jewel
gtsug phud can {C}ikhin ikhin
[p.n. of a Bodhisattva in the Buddha-field of
Akobhya]
referring to merely that
tsen min pa
protrusion {PH}headdress {C}cowl
khor lo rtsa dab bzhi pa the wheel of the crown

protrusion having the four channel-petals
merely; just {PH}about; approximately
tsam khug
gtsang byas {C}uci pure; clean; clear

gtsug crown of the head; top of the head
gtsug gi nor bu {PH}crown jewel
gtsug tor {LCh,C}ua crown
{PH}gradualist; proponent of
gradual enlightenment
tsog bu {PH}upright
tsog tsog pu {Das} utkauku; utkuaka
gtsug lag {PH}teachings

gtsug lag khang chen {LCh}
mahvihravstin; mahvihrin Mahvihrin

[p.n.]
{PH}cowering; squatting; crouching down
gtsugs
founder of the Ge-luk-pa (dge lugs pa) school of

Tibetan Buddhism [also known as Lo-sang-dragba (blo bzang grags pa)]
gtse ba
cleanliness
gtses par gyur pa {C}vihehita
tsong kha pa Tsong-kha-pa (1357-1419);
gtsang {LCh}uci; {C}medhya clean; pure;

gtsang bde rtag
gtse/ tshe/ btses sam gtses/ gtses/ {C}vihis to

harm {T} {C}harming
{C}one who torments
gtso {MSA}pradhna; {MSA}prbalya main;
bdag tu med pa not existing as pure, blissful,

permanent, or self{BJ 57.2}
chief; principal {PH}main
gtsang pa {C}uci pure; clean; clear

gtso che main
gtsang ba {C,MSA}uci; {L}medhya pure; gtso po {AK} pradhna
clean; clear
gzugs/ dzugs/ tsugs/ tshugs/ plant [past of

dzugs]
principal [in Smkhya]
598
{PH}general
gtso bo {LCh,MSA}pradhna; {MSA}
prdhnya; {C,MSA}reha; {MSA}pramukha;

{MSA}prmukhya; {C}aura main; chief;
principal {PH}best; primordial substance {C}
valiant; best; a person of authority
gal te yang don du na
nags su gro ba gtso bo yin mod kyi, ... Even if, for
this reason, going to the forest is best, ... {A4C-C}
gtso bo rtag pa
{PH}permanent
principle
gtso boi don
{PH}principle meaning
Because [it is established
by common inference that the Buddhas word] is not
mistaken with regard to the principle meaning [of
the four noble truths] {Dharmkirti; Pramanavartika;
I.217c} == gtso boi don la mi bslu bai phyir
gtso boi don
{PH}primary objective

spyod pa la jug pai gtso boi don bcu gcig bsdus
pa rdzogs so; [This] completes the summary of
the eleven primary objectives [found in ntidevas]
Guide to the Bodhisattva Way of Life. Toh. 3879
/ gtso bor / gtso bor gyur pa

mainly; chiefly; principally
gtso sems main mind

btsag {PH}red ochre
me tog phreng rgyud du; ngur smrig btsag
dang sngon po zhes rung tshon gsum gsungs pai

btsag mdog de yin rgyur dug; That would seem
to be the red ochre hue that is spoken of [as one of]
three suitable colors saffron, red ochre, and blue
in the Flower Garland Tantra. {GCC} p.14
btsang ngag pa
{GD:692} Tsang-ngak-
ba (?-1171}
btsan violent spirits
{PH}a disease-causing
demon; force; power; strength
btsan thabs force; coercion

btsan po {PH}king; ruler; emperor
btsan dzul pa {PH}attacker

btsan sa secure haven; stronghold
btsa btsa/ btsa/
btsas/ btsas/ born; give birth; bring forth; bear
btsa ba
btsa/
btsa/ btsas/ btsas/ {C}prajyan born; give

birth; bring forth; bear {C}giving birth
btsal
btsal
tshol btsald tshold {MSA}parye; {MSA}

prayujyamna; paryei; {C}mrgayati search;
search for; seek [past of tshal] {C}hunt for
btsal ba
btsal tshol
btsald tshold {C}paryei search; search for;

seek{BJ 15.1} {C}seeks for; try to determine;
decides to look for; seeks
btsal bai tshe na
btsal tshol btsald tshold at the time of
searching{BJ 56.1}
btsal bar bya
btsal tshol btsald tshold {C}anveati will

search; search
btsal bya
btsal
tshol btsald tshold {MSA}eeta (= ?) object

sought {T}
btsas pa
btsa/
btsa/ btsas/ btsas/ born; bring forth; bear; give
birth
btsugs

gzugs/ dzugs/ btsugs/ tshugs/ plant; establish;
set; set up; penetrate
btsun khral {PH}monastery

btsun pa monastic; monk {PH}practical
application Dharma
practitioners need a sense of practical application
and goodness. HHDL, Key to the Middle = {KMW}
btsun pa grol sde Bhadanta

Vimuktasena
599
btsun par byas pa {C}niveana
rtsa khor cakra channel-wheel

rtsa grel bkral
{C}house; entering on; show respect to
btsun mo {LCh}dev queen; a woman of
grel bkrald greld root text and commentary
rtsa nyon; rtsa bai nyon
rank; wife; goddess
btsun mo rol pa sporting with
mongs rtsa bai nyon mongs

mla-klea root afflictions; root afflictive
emotions
queens
btsegs pa piled up [past of rtseg, to pile
dbye ba/ 1 dod chags/ 2
Divisions:
up]
btso
btso/ tshod/
khong khro/ 3 nga rgyal/ 4 ma rig pa/ 5 the tshom/

6 lta ba nyon mongs can/ Divisions: (1) desire
(rga); (2) anger (pratigha); (3) pride (mna);
(4) ignorance (avidy); (5) doubt (vicikits); (6)
afflicted view (klia-di)
btsos/ tshod/ cook; boil
btso ba
btsho/
tshed/ btsos/ tshod/ {MV}pkya to cook; boil;
cause to ripen {T}
btso blag ma {EST} rajak
rtsa rtags {PH}main reason

rtsa ltung bzhi {PH}four root infractions
{PH}
washer woman
btso blag mkhan {MSA}rajaka
[of monks vows]
washer man
btso ma {LCh}tapta purified substance;
refined; purified {PH}refined; purified; purified

[substance]
btso lag mkhan pa rajaka washer

man
btsod kha {C}majiha {C}crimson

btson khang prison
btson pa prisoner
btson rwa prison; jail
btsol ba seek
btsos btso/ tshod/
rtsa ba drug pa {MSA}a-pda the
rtsa ba bzang po {MSA}su-mla good

roots
rtsa ba shes rab Praj-nma-mla-
madhyamaka-stra Ngrjunas Fundamental

Treatise on the Middle Way, Called Wisdom;
P5224, Vol. 95
rtsa ba shes rab kyi grel pa
btso/
commentary on (Ngrjunas) Fundamental

Treatise on the Middle Called Wisdom
tshod/ btsos/ tshod/ cooked; boiled
rtsa {LCh}n; {C}mla; {C}mlaka; {C}ir;
rtsa bai kha dog mlavara
ni channel; passageway; vein; duct; artery;

root; root text {PH}channel {C}basis; reality
behind; one who has roots; vein; grass
{MSA}pda root; basic; fundamental; primary

{C}basis; reality behind; grass; tree
six/sixth fundamental {T}
btsos pa
rtsa mdud channel-knot

rtsa dab bzhi {PH}four channel-petals
rtsa ba {LCh,C,MV,MSA}mla; {MSA}pada;
primary colors
Divisions:
600
dbye ba/ 1 dkar po/ 2 ser po/ 3 dmar po/ 4 sngon
po/ Divisions: (1) white; (2) yellow; (3) red; (4)
blue}
three channels, winds, and drops
rtsa bai rgyud Root Tantra [the first of

the Four [Medical] Tantras]
rtsa bai chos kyi dbyings
stra Ngrjunas Fundamental Treatise on

the Middle Way Called Wisdom
Great Commentary on (Ngrjunas) Treatise

on the Middle Way
rtsa
rtswa {MSA}ta grass

rtswa
nyon mlaklea root afflictions; root afflictive

emotions
rtsa bai nyon mongs pa mla-
dang sdong dum dang tsher ma sna tshogs kyis

gang ba {C}vividha-ta-kha-kaakadhn {C}places covered with grass, or thorns,
or deep chasms
klea root afflictions; root afflictive emotions
rtsa bai ltung ba {C}mla-patti
root infraction {C}root offence; capitol offence
rtsa bai stong gzhi root basis of
rtswa dang shing dang nags
emptiness
tshal {C}ta-kha-vanam {C}grass, log, and

forest
rtsa bai stobs {MSA}mla-bala

fundamental force
rtsa bai de kho na {MV}mla-tattva

fundamental reality
rtsa bai rnam shes {TN}mlavijna fundamental consciousness
rtsa bai rang bzhin mlaprakti

fundamental nature
rtswa baam shing {C}ta-kham
grass or tree {C}a bunch of grass, a stick, a log;

grass, log, and forest
rtswa za ba eating grass{LWT 24}

rtsangs pa chameleon
rtsad gcod
gcad/ gcod/ bcad/ chod/ to determine; research
rtsa bai rlung basic winds

rtsa bai sems {MSA}mla-citta
rtsad bcad pa research{N}

rtsad dbyangs rjes su

byung {C}anundin {C}resonant
fundamental mind
rtsa bar in the root text{BJ 48.2}

rtsa bar dod na if one accepts the
rtsab mo soma; {Das} kjika; ?????

{PH}acidulated rice-water
basic [consequence]
rtsal projective artifice; projective prowess;
rtsa dbu ma avadht central channel

rtsa tshig root text; basic text
rtsa ro ma rasan right channel
rtsa lag {MSA}bandhu kinsman

rtsa shes praj-nma-mla-madhyamaka rtsa shes t ka chen Dzong-ka-bas
{MSA}mla-dharma-dhtu (sa-) fundamental

realm of phenomena
rtsa bai nyon mongs
rtsa rlung thig le gsum the
artifice; dynamism
601
rtsal du gsol request

rtsal ldan {MSA}vikrnta capable;
powerful
rtsi
roughness{D1}
brtsi/ rtsi/ brtsis/
rtsis/ {C}oadh; {C}bhaiajya to reckon; to

calculate; to hold as important {PH}elixir;
remedy {C}herb; remedy; (healing) medicine;
medical incantation that which servers as
an elixir {BCA}
rtsub po {C,MSA}parua rough {C}harsh

rtsub mo {MSA}parua rough
rtse node; peak {PH}top floor; top storey; peak
rtse dga ba {MSA}kr-rati joyful
rtsi bcud nourishment

rtse gcig {LCh}ekgra; {C}ekgrat one
rtsi ba brtsi/ rtsi/ brtsis/
pointed; single minded; one-pointed {C}onertsis/ emumeration; to reckon; to calculate; to
hold as important
pointedness
rtsi shing orchard; vegetation
{PH}a
board or slate for counting and writing figures upon
rtsig {PH}wall
rtsig pa wall
rtsig pa sna lnga
rtse gcig mnyam pa
{PH}single-
pointed meditative equanimity
rtse gcig tu [point-one-ly]; onepointedly; single-mindedly
rtse gcig tu byed pa ekotkaraa

making one pointed; making one-pointed
{PH}variegated five-
rtse gcig pa {LCh,C}ekgra one-
fold wall
rtsig pai gram
pointed; single minded
{PH}foot of the
rtse gcig pa nyid {C}ekgrat one-
wall
rtsig phug hole in the wall

rtsib logs skyes {PH}born fron the
pointedness
rtse drung monk government official

rtse phyag {PH}[Potala] Treasurer
rtse ba {LCh}krati to play; [misspelling of
side of the torso
rtsibs {C}ara {C}spoke

rtsibs stong {PH}thousand spokes
rtsio {MSA}(vi ga): vigaayati to reckon;
brtse ba] mercy
rtse sbyor
sbyar sbyor sbyard

sbyord mrdhaprayoga peak training
to calculate; to hold as important
rtsis
play
rtse mo {LCh,L}agra; {LCh,C}mrdhan; {MV}
mrdhna; ekhara; ikhara; mrdhagata peak;

point; top; summit; highest; foremost {C}(on
his) head; summits
rtsis/ calculation; computation; to reckon;

calculate; to hold as important; enumeration
rtsis pa accountant; astrologer

rtsis zin pa affected by the force
rtse mo la gnas pa {L}agra-sthita

abiding at the peak
rtse moi mngon rtogs
[perhaps from rtsi, sap]
rtsub {PH}rough
rtsub pa {MSA}karka; karkaatva
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}mrdha-
abhisamaya peak clear realizer; foremost clear

realizer {C}full understanding at its summit
602
rtse moi gnas skabs {MSA}
rtsod pa spong ba

spang spong spangs spongs dispelling objections
mrdhvasth peak state
rtse moi rtse sbyor
rtsod pa byed {N}vipravadati debate;
mrdhamrdhaprayoga peak peak training
dispute{N}
rtse mor gyur pa {C}mrdha-ga(ta)
rtsod pai tshe at the time of debating

rtsod pai gzhi basis for dispute; basis
peak {C}summits
rtse mor phyin pa {C}mrdha-prpta
for controversy{BJ 31.7}
rtsod pai gzhi gnas su gyur
reach the peak; reach the top {C}reached the

summit
provides a basis for dispute; offers a basis for

dispute{BJ 31.7}
rtse shod {PH}court; royal court

rtsed jo {PH}public amusement; public
rtsod pai gzhii gnas
vivddhikaraa serves as a basis for

controversy
display
rtsen
rtsen/ rtsen/
rtsod pai bzhii gnas
rtsend/ rtsend/ {MSA}(kr): krati to play;

take delight in games; enjoy {T}
rtsog rtsog pa utkua
vivddhikaraa serves as a basis for

controversy
rtsod pai lan du in answer to this
{PH}sprawled
out; spread out; scattered
rtsod
argument{BJ 51.1}
brtsad/ rtsod/
rtsod par gyur {C}vivadati (=samyag-
brtsad/ rtsod/ {C}vivda; {C}vigraha; vivadati;

{MSA}adhikaraa debate; objection; dispute
{C}disputation; conflict; argument; wrangling;
contention; contend with; quarrel; battle
jnopetavn) debate; dispute; objection {C}

disputes; contend with
rtsod ngag disputatious speech

rtsod dus {LCh}kali-yuga age of conflict
rtsod pa {LCh,C,MSA,L}vivda; {LCh}vda;
{C}vivadati (=samyag-jnopetavn); {C}vigraha
debate; objection; conflict; dispute{BJ 31.7}
{C}disputation; debate; argument; wrangling;
contention; contend with; quarrel; battle
dispute; will dispute {C}wrangling; disputation
rtsod par byed pa {C}vivadati

dispute; debate
rtsod par byed par gyur ro

{C}codayati dispute; debate {C}exhort; warn
rtsod spong
spang spong
spangs spongs dispelling objections
rtsod pa
rtsod gzhi basis of debate

rtsod gzhir bzung ba held as the
dang rgol bar smra bai ngang tshul can {C}

vigraha-vivda-la having a nature which
is disputatious and argumentative {C}his
character is neither quarrelsome nor disputatious
basis of the debate{LSR}
rtsod pa dod pa {C}vivditu-kma
rtsod bzlog vigraha-vyvartan
wish to debate; desire to dispute fond of
Ngrjunas Refutation of Objections{DASI

578.4} (P5228, Vol. 95)
arguing; {C}want to dispute with
rtsod par bya ba {C}vivda object of
603
rtsol bar gyur ro {C}ceate (var.:
rtsod len answer to an objection

rtson grus {MSA}vrya {PH}effort
rtsom brtsam/
veate) make effort; exert {C}bestirs himself

with; be astir with
rtsom/ brtsams/ rtsams/ ( rabh): {MV}rabhate;

{MV}rambha; {L}rabhya begin; initiate;
compose; write a book
rtsom gdan
{PH}draft
dang poi rtsom gdan first draft {GCG} p. 17
rtsol mdzad sustain

stsal stsal stsol stsald stsold
stsal stsol stsald
stsold {C}bhave bestow; confer; grant; give;
speak {C}may be
rtsom pa phun sum tshogs pa

{MSA}rambha-sapad marvellous beginning
rtsom pa med pa {MSA}vypra (nir-)

beginningless ? {T}
rtsom pai rgyu rambha-hetu cause of

composition/beginning/undertaking
rtsom pai dri bral {MSA}bhogavaimalya stainless composition {T}
stsal ma thag tu
stsal stsol stsald stsold {C}praveita-mtre

immediately/right/just after bestowing/
conferring/granting/giving/speaking {C}one
would only have to introduce
stsol
stsal stsol stsald stsold
bestow; confer; grant; give
stsol ba
stsal stsol stsald
stsold {C}dtrtva donor; giver; conferer;

bestow; confer; grant; give
stsol bar mdzad
rtsom par dam bca promise of
stsal
stsol stsald stsold {MSA}(d): dadti bestow;

confer; grant; give
composition
rtsom byed {C}samarbheyy begin;
brtsad pa {MSA}vivda dispute{S};
initiate; compose {C}should bring about
debate; objection commence; undertake
brtsad pai gzhi {MSA}adhikaraa
brtsal/ rtsol/
brtsald/ rtsold/ endeavor; make effort; exert
basis of dispute
brtsams {C}rabhya based; beginning;
bsgrub
sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs established by exertion
composition{BJ 9.4}; to be based [on]
rtsol ba {LCh,MSA,MV}vyyma; {L}
brtsams te {C}rabhya; {MV}rabdha
paryeati; {C}vtti; {MSA,C}bhoga; {MV}ysa

exertion; endeavor; make effort; exert {C}
earch; seek; enjoyment; satiation; satisfy; fullness;
completion; the action which works for
beginning; composition {C}begin; take hold
of; about; with reference to; regarding; relevant to,

beginning from/with; starting from; having turned
his mind to; concerning; stimulated by; initially
founded on; if I take into consideration; following
on; concerning
rtsol bai du bya ba activity by

exertion
byung byung byung arisen from exertion
stsal ba

brtsam/ rtsom/ brtsams/ rtsams/ {LCh,MSA,MV}
rambha; {MSA}bhoga; {MV}bhvan; {MSA}
vypra; {C}paryei to begin; initiate; to
compose; write a book {C}search
rtsol sgrub
byung
bestow; confer; grant; give; speak
rtsom pa
rtsol
rtsol byung
604
brtse ba med pa {MSA}nirdaya
brtsams nas {C}samrabhya;{MV}
brtsams nas ... gsungs so (... las-) = rabhyha

beginning with; stemming from{BJ 29.2} {C}
when one has undertaken
merciless; without mercy
brtse ba yid la byed pa
{MSA}anukamp-manasikra merciful mental

contemplation; mental contemplation of mercy
brtsams pa {MSA,MV}rabdha; {C}
brtse bai bdag nyid {MSA}
rabhya; {C}rapsyante beginning; begin;

composition {C}(deed) they may do
kptmaka merciful nature
brtsams gzhi bases of composition

brtsal ba {C}paryei {C}search
brtsi brtsi/ rtsi/ brtsis/
brtse bai yon tan quality of

empathy
rtsis/ to reckon; calculate; to hold as important
brtsis
rtsis/ to reckon; calculate; to hold as important
brtsun pa {C}gaurava
brtsums pa {C}nimijita
brtse bas byams pa {MSA}kpsneha love due to mercy {T}

mercifully giving {T}
brtse bas sbyin pa la
{C}tendency
to make negative statements about objects
rjes su ston pa bstan ston

bstand stond {MSA}kpay dna-samanusti
teaching of merciful giving {T}
brtse/ brtse/
brtses/ brtses/ {C}day; {C}anukamp noun:

mercy; love; kindness7 verb: feel mercy; pity
{C}sympathy
brtsegs ka piled up
sems dpai gsum brtsegs piled up three
brtse dang ldan pa {MSA}daynvita
beings
merciful
brtsegs pa {MV,MSA}ka (e.g.:
brtse ldan {MSA}kplu merciful

brtse ba brtse/
Ratnaka) piled up
brtsegs ma
brtse/ brtses/ brtses/ {LCh}day; {LCh,MSA}

anukamp; {MSA}anukampana; {MSA}kp;
{MSA}kpa; {MSA}kplu; {C}kriana noun:
mercy; love; kindness7 verb: feel mercy; pity
{C}sympathy; playing with
{PH}piled up; piled one on
top of the other
brtser {ntideva} kpan {PH}merciful

brtser bcas {MSA}sakpa merciful;
brtse ba can {MSA}kplu; {MSA}
loving
brtses
brtse/ brtse/
brtses/ brtses/ day; anukamp verb: feel
mercy; pity; love7 noun: mercy; love; kindness
sakpa; {MSA}samanukampaka merciful; loving
brtse ba dang bcas pa {MSA}
brtsod dz (crossbreed of a yak and a cow)
sakpa merciful; loving
brtse ba dang ldan pa {MSA}
which has long, narrow straight horns
kplu merciful; loving
khas len pa {MSA}kpay dukhbhyupagama

assert suffering with mercy {T}
brtse bas sbyin pa {MSA}kp-dna
{C}respect;
dignity; a title to be respected
brtse
brtse bas sdug bsngal
605
brtson {C}yukta; {C}yujyate; {MSA}yoga; {C}
abhiyukta; {C}abhiyuktaka; {L}vrya; {MSA}para
verb: to endeavor; make effort; strive; exert
oneself7 noun: effort; endeavor; exertion {C}
suitable; associated with; in possession of; joined
to; devoted; endowed with; junction with; practiced;
interested in; one who practices; diligence; energy;
zeal; enthusiasm; vigor; applies oneself; be engaged
in; be joined to; practice; [with negativ
brtson gyur {C}abhiyukta; {C}
vrya ... dha stable effort
brtson grus
tha ma dang bring dang mchog {MSA}nikamadhyottama vrya final, middling, and
supreme effort
brtson grus dang ldan pa

{MSA}vrya-vat having effort; dilligent
brtson grus drag {MSA}yatna ...
abhiyuktaka endeavor; effort {C}practiced;

interested (in); one who practices
ugra fierce effort; violent effort
brtson grus {LCh,MV,C,MSA}vrya {C} brtson grus na grogs

(=kuala-utsha); {MSA}yatna effort; diligence;
zeal; industry {C}energy; enthusiasm; vigor
Definitions: dge ba la spro ba
enthusiasm for virtue
brtson grus kyi go sgrub
diligence; zeal; industry
{C}vrya-pramit perfection of effort
brtson grus
brtson grus rtsom pa {MSA}
kyi pha rol tu phyin pa dang ldan pa {MSA}vryapramit-sahagata having the perfection of
effort; with the perfection of effort
vryrambha initiate effort; begin making effort
brtson grus brtsams pa
brtson grus kyi phar phyin
{C,MSA,MV}rabdha-vrya; {C}rambha-vrya
initiate effort; begin making effort {C}one who
has exerted/exerts energy/vigor; one who has put
forth energy/vigor
perfection of effort
brtson grus kyi dbang po
brtson grus zhan pa {C}hna-
{MSA}vryendriya faculty of effort; power of

effort
vrya small effort; inferior effort
brtson grus kyi tshogs
sgrub achieving through the collection of effort
brtson grus can {C}tpin having

effort; dillegent {C}ardent
brtson grus chen po rtsom
brtson grus yongs

su shes par bya {MSA}vrya parijeya one
should know this through effort {T}
brtson grus la brten nas

{MSA}vryrita in dependence upon effort
brtson grus la brten pa
pa {MSA}vryrambho mahn the great effort

of composition ? {T}
{MSA}vrya-pratihita in dependence upon

effort
brtson grus mchog {MSA}yatna
brtson grus la sogs
... parama supreme effort; highest effort
brtson grus nyams pa {MSA}
pa la sbyor ba sbyar sbyor sbyard

sbyord {MSA}vrydi-prayoga application/
engagement in effort, etc.
vrya-parihi degenerated effort
brtson grus pa {MSA}vrya effort;
brtson grus pha rol phyin
achieving through the armor of effort
brtson grus brtan pa {MSA}
su gyur pa {MSA}vrya-sahyatva effort assists

... {T}
606
brtson te {C}ghaamna making effort
{C}persistently; perserveres
brtson pa mdzad do {C}udyogam
striving; when he strives
brtson ldan {MSA}udyoga-vat having
padyate to endeavor; make effort; strive; exert

oneself {C}make a (great) effort
effort; dilligent
brtson pa {C,MSA}yukta; {C,MSA}
abhiyoga; {C}udyukta; {C}niyukta; {C}dhyta; {C}

parkramati; {MSA}utsaha; {MSA}udyama; {MSA}
yatna; {C}vyyacchamna verb: to endeavor;
make effort; strive; exert oneself7 noun: effort;
endeavor; exertion {C}devotedness; effort;
exerted; labor zealously; energetic; have exerted
themselves; duties; engaged (in); heroically
advances; when he struggles
brtson pa bgyid par gyur
ro bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}

udyoga karoti endeavor; make effort; strive;
exert oneself
brtson pa cher byed {C}udyogam

oneself {C}make a (great) effort
brtson pa cher mdzad do {C}
brtson pai dgos pa yin {C}

rambha-prayojanam the necessity for effort
{C}but effort is necessary (for that)
brtson pai stobs {C}bala-vyha
(=balavrya) force of effort {C}array of power
brtson pai mthu {C}bala-vyha
(=balavrya) force of effort {C}array of power
brtson pai rang bzhin {MSA}

udyama-svabhva nature of effort
brtson pai rab {MSA}ugra-vryat

fierce effort; violent effort
brtson par gyur {MSA}udyato
bhavati make effort; exert oneself; endeavor
brtson par bya {C}yukta will
endeavor; will make effort; will exert oneself
brtson par byao {C,MSA}yoga
udyogam padyate to endeavor; make effort;

strive; exert oneself {C}make a (great) effort
karaya should endeavor; should make effort
brtson pa dang bcas pa {MSA} brtson par byas pa {C}yujyate

sodyama having effort; dilligent
brtson pa byed {C}udyogam padyate

to endeavor; make effort; strive; exert oneself
{C}make a (great) effort
brtson pa ma gtang ba
gtang gtong btang thongs {MSA}
anikipta-dhura non-abandoned effort; p.n. of a

Buddha
brtson pa mi gtong ba
gtang gtong btang thongs {C}anikipta-
dhura non-abandoned effort; p.n. of a Buddha

{C}persistently; perserveres
brtson pa mi btang ba
gtang gtong btang thongs {C}anikiptadhura non-abandoned effort; p.n. of a Buddha
607
to endeavor; make effort; strive; exert oneself

{C}suitable; associated with; in possession of;
joined to; devoted; endowed with; junction with;
practiced; interested in
brtson par byed do {C}autsukyam

oneself {C}makes great efforts; show/put forth
zeal; tries; eagerly try to; suitable; associated with;
in possession of; joined to; devoted; endowed with;
junction with; practiced; interested in
brtson par rung {MSA}yatna-yogyat

suitable as effort; suitable effort
brtson byas {C}kta-yogya

qualified
{C}well-
brtson byed {C}parkramati; {C}
tshangs chen mahbrahma Great
parkramate; {MSA}karoti yoga to endeavor;

make effort; strive; exert oneself {C}makes
great efforts; heroically advances; show/put forth
zeal; tries; eagerly try to; suitable; associated with;
in possession of; joined to; devoted; endowed with;
junction with; practiced; interested in
brtson zhing tshol ba
Brahm
tshangs bdun brahmapurohita In

Front of Brahm
tshangs mdun brahmapurohita In
Front of Brahm; Brahm Presence
tshangs pa brahm; brahman; {C}

udyoga-paryei make effort and seek {PH}
effort and searching {C}energetic pursuit
brahma Brahm; Brahman
tshangs pa dang bcas pa {C}
brtson rab {MSA}ugra-vryat fierce
sabrahmaka {C}round Brahma(n)
tshangs pa dang bcas
effort; violent effort
tsha hot; intense; salt

tsha ba {LCh}ua; {MSA}dha; kauka hot;
pai lha rnams {C}sabrahmak-dev {C}the

gods around Brahma(n)
tshangs pa gnas pa {MSA}brhma
intense; salt; heat; pungent
tsha bai gdon
... vihra land of Brahm ?? {T}
{PH}[beings in] hot
hells
tsha bar gyur ba {C}dahati {C}burns

tsha dmyal ba hot hell; hot hell being;
hot hell-being
tsha zhing sreg pa hot and burning

tshwa salt
tshwa sgo can {MSA}kra corrosive;
blta lta bltas ltos {C}brahma-di view of

Brahm {C}vision of Brahma
tshangs pai spyod pa
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C,MSA}brahma-
carya; {MSA}brahma-cary; {MSA}brahma-crin

practice celibacy {C}holy life; (life of) chastity;
the higher spiritual life
contained in {PH}place; dwelling
tshang ba {MSA}ma tshang ba = vikala;

{MSA}vaikalya complete; full; entire
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs realize fully
tshangs pai dbyangs so {C}
brahma-svarat voice of Brahma {C}he has a

divine voice
tshangs pai me
Brahma abodes
608
{PH}Brahma-fire;
Caal-fire
tshangs pai lha
impenetrable ?? {T}
tshangs pai lta ba
brhma-vihra; {MSA}brhmya-vihra level of

Brahm
tshag par newspaper; magazine

tshags su tshud pa internalize
tshang complete; full; entire; complete in;
tshang ma all
tshang tshing {MSA}gahvara deep;
spyod pa spyad spyod spyad spyod

{MSA}sabrahmacrin practitioner of celibacy;
practice celibacy
tshangs pai gnas pa {MSA}
caustic; burning {T}
tshang bar rtogs pa
tshangs pa mtshungs par
{PH}god of the
tshangs par gyur pa {C}brahma-
bhta is (like) Brahma {PH}being [like]

Brahma {C}identified with the supreme universal
spirit
tshangs par spyod nyid
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}brahma-caritva
practice celibacy {C}one leads a chaste life
tshangs par spyod pa
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}brahma-carya;

{MSA}brahma-cary; {MSA}brahma-crin; {C}
brahma-cary-vsa (=brahma-carya) practice
celibacy {C}the practice of the religious life
tshangs spyod brahmacarya; brahmacarin

{PH}celibate practitioner
tshangs bug
{PH}Brahma (cranial)
aperture
tshangs dbyangs {C}brahma-svara

voice of Brahma {C}divine voice
tshangs mang kitchen

tshangs ris brahmakyika Brahm Type
{PH}Brahma abodes
tshangs ris pa
{PH}one in the Brahma
abodes
tshad {N,C,MSA}prama; {C,MSA}parima;
{MSA}mna size; measure {PH}measure;

extent; certain amount {C}valid cognizer; valid
cognition; valid means of knowledge; measurement;
extent; as large as; which has the dimensions of;
limitation
phala valid cognitions effect {GD:622}

means and result (knowledge), a topic in the
logico-epistemological tradition concerning the
grammatical distinction between prama and
pramiti
tshad ma {C,MSA,MV}prama valid
cognition; epistemology and logic; logicepistemology; valid cognizer; prime cognition;

prime cognizer {C}valid means of knowledge;
measure; measurement; extent; as large as; size;
which has the dimensions of
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ 1 gsar du mi slu bai rig pa/ 2 sngar ma

rtogs pai don bden pa la mi krul bai dzin stangs kyis
bzlog pai sgro dogs dang gal bao/ Definition: 1)
a new and incontrovertible knower{GCT}, 2) that

which contradicts and eliminates a false superimposition by an unmistaken mode of apprehension
with respect to a previously unrealized true thing
{Cha-ba, GD:640}
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 mngon sum tshad ma/ 2 rjes dpag
tshad ma/ Divisions: (1) direct valid cognizer; (2)
inferential valid cognizer
tshad ma kun btus
btu thu btus thu prama-samuccaya
Digngas Compendium of Valid Cognition (P.

5700, vol. 130)
tshad ma kun las btus pa
btu thu btus thu pramasamuccaya Digngas Compendium of Valid

Cognition (P. 5700, vol. 130, Ce) {PH}
[Digngas] Compendium of Valid Cognition
tshad skom {PH}hot parching thirst

tshad khyad par {MSA}parima-viea tshad ma kun las
btus pai grel pa btu thu btus

thu prama-samuccaya-vtti Digngas AutoCommentary on the Compilation of Prime
Cognition (P5701, vol. 130)
particular measure
tshad grub

grub grub grubs/grub grubs *pramasiddha
valid establishment
tshad du {C}pramena {C}of the size

tshad bras {GD:622} pramaTenses: future, present, past, imperative
tshad ma
kun las bstus pai grel bshad

btu thu btus thu prama-samuccaya-k
609
Cognition
Jinendrabuddhis Commentarial Explanation of

[Digngas] Compilation of Prime Cognition
[P5766]
tshad ma rnam grel
gyi dka grel bkral

grel bkrald greld pramavrttika-pajik
Devendrabuddhis Commentary on the Difficult
Points of (Dharmakrtis) Commentary on
(Digngas) Compilation of Prime Cognition
[P5717]
tshad ma kun
las bstus pai grel bshad prama-samuccayak {PH}[Jinendrabuddhis] Explanation of
[Digngas] Compendium on Valid Cognition
tshad ma mchis pa {L}aprama

immeasurable; not valid
tshad ma jug yul
{GD:673}
object of application of Valid Cognition
tshad ma brtags pa
brtag rtog brtags rtags prama-park
{GD:841} Dharmottaras Examination of Valid

Cognition II. P:5747, Ze
tshad ma dang ldan pa {C}
pramavat measureable; having size; valid

{C}subject to limitations
tshad ma dang brel ba {C}
tshad ma mdoi rnam bshad
byai sgo byed rgol ngan glang po joms pa gdong

ngai gad rgyangs rgyu rig lde mig {GD:844}
Jam-y#ang-chok-hla--s#ers (jam dbyangs phyogs
lha od zer) The Key to Knowledge, Cause of the
Roar of the Five-Faced Lion that Destroys the
Elephant of Faulty Adversaries, [and] Opens the
Door to the Knowledge of the Collected Texts of the
Comm
{GD:843} Gyel-tsaps (rgyal tshab dar ma rin

chen) Complete Explanation of the Stra on Valid
Cognition Collected Works XI. Delhi: Ngawang
Gelek.
tshad ma ldan pa {MSA}prmika

measureable; having size; valid subject to
limitations
tshad ma
tshad ma sde
rnam grel gyi tshig leur byas pa

pramavartikakrik [Dharmakrtis]
Commentary on (Digngas) Compilation of
Prime Cognition
bdun gyi rgyan yid kyi mun sel

bsal sel bsald seld {GD:844} Kay-drups
(mkhas grub rje) Ornament of the Seven Treatises
Clearing Mental Obscurity. Collected Works X.
Lha-sa: Zhol blocks, 1897. New Delhi: Guru Deva,
1982.
tshad ma
rnam grel gyi tshig leur byas pai rnam bshad

thar lam phyin ci ma log par gsal bar byed pa
{GD:843} Gyel-tsaps (rgyal tshab dar ma rin
chen) Complete Explanation of the Stanzas of the
pramavarttika [Dharmakrtis] Commentary

on (Digngas) Compilation of Prime
lam rab gsal tshad mai od brgya bar ba; tshad

ma rnam grel gyi mtha dpyod
bkral grel bkrald greld {GD:844}
Jam-y#ang-shay-b#as (jam dbyangs bzhad pa)
The Blaze of Hundred Lights on Valid Cognition
Clarifying the Path to Liberation, a Final Analysis
of [Dharmakrtis] Commentary on [Digngas]
Valid Cognition [Collected Works XIII. Delhi:
Ngawang Gel
tshad ma rnam grel gyi bsdus gzhung zhes
prama-baddha {C}bound by measure; has its

limits
tshad ma rnam grel

tshad ma rnam grel gyi mtha gcod thar
610
Treatise on] Valid Cognition, the Drop of Reasoning
[Collected Works vol. 8 (Delhi: Guru Deva)]
Commentary on Prime Cognition, the Faultless

Revealer of the Path to Liberation [Varanasi: Geluk-ba Press. 1975]
tshad ma rnam
grel legs par bshad pa {GD:842} Ge-dun-drups

(dge dun grub, 1st Dalai Lama) Good Sayings on
[Dharmakrtis] Commentary on Valid Cognition
[Collected Works vol. 5 (Gangtok: Dodrup Lama,
1978-1981)]
tshad ma rnam par nges
tshad mai skyes bu {LCh}prama
purua {GD} prama bhta; pramabhuta

authoritative being; valid person; authoritative
person {GD:812} person of authority; {GD:829}
reliable person
bu {GD:702} the interrupted results of valid

cognition
tshad ma rnam
par nges pai grel bshad prama-vinicaya-k

[Dharmottaras] Explanatory Commentary of
[Dharmakrtis] Ascertainment of Prime/Valid
Cognition
tshad ma pa prmika Epistemologists

tshad ma ma yin pa {N}aprama
{N} not valid
tshad ma med {C}apramat not

valid; measureless; measurelessness {C}
unlimitedness
tshad ma gzhan gyis grub
pa grub grub
grubs/grub grubs parata-prama {GD:722}
external validity; extrinsic validity
{PH}
being a valid cognition
tshad ma rang nyid kyis
tshad mai
bstan bcos chen po rigs pai rgyan

bstan ston bstand stond {GD:842} Ge-dun-
drups (dge dun grub, 1st Dalai Lama) Ornament

of Reasoning, a Great Treatise on Valid Cognition.
Mundgod, India: Loling Press, 1985.
tshad mai mdor prama-samuccaya

Digngas Compendium of Valid Cognition
tshad mai sdus don
{GD:308}
Cha-bas (phya pa chos kyi seng ge) Summaries on
Valid Cognition
tshad mai blo pramabuddhi prime

consciousness
tshad mai ma chod
pai bras bu {GD:702} the non-interrupted

(immediate) results of valid cognition
tshad mai rigs gter gyi
dka gnas rnam par bshad pa sde bdun rab gsal

{GD:842} Go-ram-b#as (go rams pa bsod nams
sen ge) Explanation of the Difficult Points of
[S#a-g#ya Paitas] Treasure on the Science of
Valid Cognition: Illumination of the Seven Texts.
(Complete Works of the Great Masters of the Sa
sKya Sect, XII.1.
grub pa grub grub

grubs/grub grubs svata-prama {GD:722}
internal validity; self-validity
tshad ma rigs thigs kyi grel pa legs bshad

snying poi gter bkral
grel bkrald greld {GD:843} Gyel-tsaps (rgyal
tshab dar ma rin chen) Treasure of the Essence of
Good Sayings, a Commentary on [Dharmakrtis
three valid cognitions {T}
tshad mai chod pai bras
pa prama-vinicaya Dharmakrtis
Ascertainment of Valid Cognition (P. 5710, vol.
130; D:4229, Dze)
tshad ma yin pa {N} prama
tshad ma gsum {MV}prama-traya
tshad mai lam khrid
{GD:843}
Gyel-tsaps (rgyal tshab dar ma rin chen) Teaching
on the Path of Valid Cognition. Collected Works V.
611
tshad min gyi zhen rig
Delhi: Guru Deva.
tshad mar grub pa
tshad min gyi shes pa {LCh}
prama-siddhi {GD:589} Establishment [of
Buddha] as Valid, commentary II of Dharmakirtis

Pramavrttika
tshad mar gyar pa prama-bhta

{GD:637} serving as valid cognition [Dignga
praising the Buddha]; {GD:812} person of authority
tshad mar byas te {C}pram-ktya

dbye ba/ 1 bcad shes/ 2 yid
measured by the standard; when one has taken as a

standard; taking as a standard
dpyod/ 3 snang la ma nges/ 4 the tshom/ 5 log

shes/ Divisions: (1) subsequent cognizer; (2)
mental engagement; (3) awareness to which an
object appears but is not ascertained; (4) doubting
consciousness; (5) mistaken consciousness
tshad mar mdzad pa {MSA}

pram-kta serve as a measure
tshad mas grub pa
tshad med {N}aprameya; {C}apramya;
aprama [measure-not-exist]; immeasurable;

infinite
prama-siddha; prama-siddhi established
by valid cognition; valid establishment; validly

established
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs realize by valid

cognition
tshad mas rtogs par bya ba
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs object

of comprehension by a valid cognizer
tshad mas drang pa induced by
pramlambhita ; *prama-labta observed

by a valid cognizer; observed by valid cognition;
that which is observed by valid cognition
tshad mas yongs su
tshad med pa {MSA}aprama; {MSA}

aprameya; {L}apramam; {C,MSA}aparima
[measure-not-exist]; measurelessness;
immeasurable; infinite {C}measureless;
illimitable; innumerable; magnificent; unlimited
tshad med pa bzhi
{PH}Four
four mmeasurables; four immeasurables {PH}

Four Immeasurables

dbye ba/ 1 snying
Divisions:
rje tshad med/ 2 byams pa tshad med/ 3 dga ba

tshad med/ 4 btang snyoms tshad med/ Div.: 1)
immeasurable compassion, 2) immeasurable love,
3) immeasurable joy, 4) immeasurable equanimity
gcod pai yul {GD:674} realized object of valid

cognition
tshad med od aprambh

Immeasurable Light; Limitless Light
non-prime consciousness
Immeasurable Bliss; Limitless Bliss
tshad med bzhi catvary apramni
tshad min {PH}non-valid [cognition]

tshad min gyi blo apramabuddhi
tshad med bde apramauba
Immeasurables
valid cognition
tshad mas dmigs pa
aprama-jna; apramya-jna non-prime

consciousness measureless cognition; limitless
cognition
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ gsar du mi slu ba ma yin
pai rig pa/ Definition: an awareness that is not new
and incontrovertible
Divisions:
serve as a measure {C}is authoritative; when
tshad mas rtogs pa
{PH}non-
valid [conceptual] determinitive knower
612
tshad yod pa {C}prama-baddha
frivolous talk
tshig bkyal pa {C}sabhinna-pralpin
measureable {C}bound by measure; has its

limits
{C}one who prattles indistinctly
tshig bkyal pa smra ba {C}
tshad sems {C}prama-buddhi valid

mind {C}thought of limitation
sabhinna-pralpa {C}indistinct prattling; idle/

frivolous talk
tshan nang tshan = section; division; part
tshig skyon verbal fault{BR}

tshig skyon gcod pa eliminate
{PH}group
tshan gyi sa {PH}fully-qualified ground

tshan bcu gnyis {PH}twelve groups
tshab tu {PH}rather than
tshar to finish
tshar bcad pai gnas {VN}
verbal faults{BR}
tshig gi don {C,MSA}padrtha meaning

of the word {C}meaning of a word; what is
meant by (a) word; an entity which corresponds to;
topic
tshig gi don drug

Asdhangavacana and
nigrahasthna {PH}condition of defeat
categories [of existents]
adoodbhvana are the conditions of defeat [for] the

two [debaters, i.e. the proponent and the opponent,
respectively]. {VN} v.1abc
tshal vegetables
{PH}six
{PH}grove; forest;
tshig gi don med pa {C}apada-
artha non-meaning of the word {C}nothing;

nothing real
tshig gi rnam grangs {C}pada-
paryya (=paryyea) enumeration of scripture

{C}scripture passage
vegetables
tshal phun sum tshogs pa {C} tshig gi tshogs pada-kya group of

vana-sampada {C}woods; groves
tshal ba {C}vanas-pati
words
tshig gi yan lag {C}pada-
{C}(forest) tree;
forests
smantaka (=padaikadea) {C}part of a verse
tshig {LCh,C,MSA}pada; {LCh,C,MSA}vacana; tshig gi lam gyis gdags

{LCh,C,MSA}vc; {C,MSA}vkya; {MSA}vacas;
{MSA}grantha; {C}-gir; {C}dahati; {C}dahyati;
{C}dagdha word; phrase {PH}word; bound
morpheme {C}verse; foot; trace; track; verbal
expression; the Buddhas word; language; speaking;
speech; teachings; utterance; voice; burns; burns
away; will be consumed; as if all aflame; burned up
tshig kun gyis snyan pa {C}
brtags thogs {C}vk-patha-prajapti designation

by the paths of words; designated by the paths of
words {C}concept by way of the paths of speech
tshig gis ston pa
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}vkyena dean

indicate by words; teach by words
tshig gis bstan tshod measure
deya-vkyat pleasantness of all words {C}

his words are always acceptable
[that is, level] indicated by the words
tshig gis byang ba
tshig kyal pa smra ba {C}
sabhinna-pralpa {C}indistinct prattling; idle/
gdags dogs btags/
613
byang byangs byang byongs {MSA}
tshig don drug
vacas parijitni purified by words
tshig gis zin pa held within the

words
tshig gyi bsal ba
bsal sel bsald seld {GD:791} contradiction

of word
tshig gyur
gyur
gyurd gyur gyurd word translation
tshig grel
bkral
grel bkrald greld word commentary
tshig sgrub
bsgrub
tshig don gsol debs
{PH}
seven line prayer
tshig pa {C}dha; {MSA}dagdha fire; on

fire {C}conflagration
tshig par byed {MV}(dah): dahati

burn; burning
tshig phun sum tshogs pa

{MSA}vk-sapatti marvellous words
tshig phrad grangs
sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs sentences
su ma nor bces cherish not mistaking them for

instances of connecting particles
tshig jam ldan {C}snigdha-vkya
tshig bla dags {C}adhivacana
{C}speaks gently
tshig jam par {C}snigdha-vacana
{PH}
synonym; epithet; appellation {C}synonym
O Subhuti, this so-called Great vehicle is a
{C}speaks gently
tshig nyung ba {C}alpa-vk
{PH}six categories [of
existents]
{C}(a
synonym of unfathomable. {PW8}
tshig bla dags {MSA}adhivacana
man) of few words
tshig snyan pa {C}priya-vacana
synonym {PH}synonym; epithet; appellation
O Subhuti, this so-called Great vehicle is a
pleasant words; kind words
tshig tu bton recitation

tshig tu rab brjod pa
synonym of unfathomable. {PW8}
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}pravyharati
tshig bla dwags
{PH}synonym;
epithet; appellation
express in words {C}declares; express in
bhate {C}speak; teach; pronounce the word;

utter the remark; assert
tshig dbang word initiation

tshig bru {C,L,MSA}vyajana
prakana granthasyrthasya v explain the

words and the meaning {T}
tshig bru dang bcas par {C}
conventional words
tshig dag tu smra ba {C}vca
{C}
words; syllables; letter; verbal expression; minor
characteristic; method
tshig dang don chad pa {MV}
savyajana {C}the letter; complete in letters
tshig dang yi ge {MSA}pada-vyajana

words and letters
tshig dang shes pa {MSA}vacana ...

akara {C}well set out in letters and words
tshig med pa {C}avacana; {C}avyhta

{C}beyond words; inexpressible; not uttered
jna words and consciousness
tshig don meaning of the word
tshig bru bzang po {C}supada-
614
tshig rtsub paiunya harsh speech
tshig rtsub mo mi byin pa
teaching the causes and effects of virtue and nonvirtue. {D 4087}
tshigs gi don ni go bar slao
{MSA}aparua-vacana non-harsh words; nonharsh speech
{MSA}subodha padrtha the meaning of the

words is easy to understand {T}
tshig rtso ba harsh words; harsh speech

tshig brtsun pa {C}deya-vacana; {C} tshigs bcad {LCh}gth; {LCh}loka
stanza; verse
deya-vacanat of acceptable speech; plausible

talk(er)
tshig tshig pa {PH}burning

tshig zin verbal reading
tshig zur {PW8-H} vakrokti {PH}indirect
expression
tshig bzung bar os pa {C}

{C}deya-vacana {C}of acceptable speech;
plausible talk(er)
gth; {LCh,MSA}loka stanza; verses {C}

chants
tshigs su bcad pai sde {C,L}

(557 - 589 ce) of China
tshim
tshig g.yung {PH}inauspicious words

tshig ran par {C}mita-vacana {C}
tshim/ tshim/
tshims/ tshims/ satisfy
tshim pai yid {MSA}pyyita-manaska
measured speech; speaks in moderation
tshig re nas {PH}word-by-word

tshig leur bcad pa {MV}
satisfied mind
tshim par byas pa {MSA}pyyita

satisfy
pariccheda chapter
tshig shin tu rigs pa {MSA}pada

... su-yukta very suitable words
tshig gsal prasanna-pad
tshim par byed pa {C}satarpayati;

{MSA}audbilya-kar; {MSA}satarpaa; {MSA}
satoaa satisfies; satisfy {C}refreshes;
replenishes; gratifies
tshim byas {MSA}(tp): tarpayitv
Candrakrtis Clear Words
tshigs
satisfied {T}
{PH}verse line; joint; combination

ming dang tshig tshigs
kyi nga ro; The Pronunciation of Words and
Combinations of Letters
tshil lba fat goiter

tshu rol {C}apara; {C}ra(m) near side
{C}this side; another; later; others; further; this; the

second; the other; this shore
{PH}lineage; connected
tshigs su bcad pa {LCh,C,L,MSA}

tshigs lhugs prose
tshin rgya rje tshin Chen Dynasty
tshig bzung bar os par
{PH}chapter
The sixteenth chapter,
gyi don {MSA}yath-rutrtha ... vyajana literal

meaning of letters {PH}literal meaning of letters
gth verses; stanza {C}chants
deya-vacana {C}of acceptable speech;

plausible talk(er)
tshigs
tshigs
tshigs bru sgra ji bzhin
tshu rol mthong ba
{PH}one who
sees nearby [i.e. an ordinary being]
615
tshu rol pha rol gro {C}ra-pra-
not realize definitely in dependence upon a sign

[definition of manifest phenomenon (mngon gyur)]
tshur mthong
gamanya {C}when he moves from this shore to

the shore beyond
tshu rol mdzes pa crvka
gi shes pa rang dga ba la snang tshod ltar

gyi gzugs sogs kun btags yin forms and so
forth in accordance with how they appear to
ordinary consciousnesses of confined beings are
imputational
Hedonist; those [who hold it is] beautiful here;

Materialist; Nihilist
tshu rol yin {C}nman
{C}name;
named; word; mere word
tshugs {C}kramti to be able {T}
tshur mthong rgyud la in the
{C}
continuum of a short-sighted being
affect
tshur byed take in; understand

tshur brel pa {PH}reciprocal love
tshugs thub self-instituting{N}; able to

set itself up
tshugs thub tu grub pa able to
yul gyi ngos nas tshur

gtan nas shar ba appearance projected (?)
set itself up
tshugs pa {MSA}el sdod tshugs pa = sit tshur mdzes beautiful here

still
tshur rol arvg near; close
tshud tshud/ tshud/
tshur rol gyi cha arvg-bhga near
tshud/ tshud/ enter; go into; get into
part; close part
tshud pa
tshur rol mdzes smra ba crvka
tshud/
tshud/ tshud/ tshud/ to enter; go into; get into
Those Who Propound That it is Beautiful Here;
tshun chad {MV}rdhvam within; up to
Crvka; Materialist; Nihilist
{PH}down to and including

skye ba bdun nam bcu drug tshun chad du
up to seven or sixteen lifetimes ...
tshul {LCh,L,MSA}naya; {LCh}rpa; {C}
within
yod tshul
tshun chad du up to; except; so far as;
tshun chad nas {MV}rdhvam up to;
{PH}way of existing; way in

which [something] exists
except; so far as; within
tshul krims la ethics

tshul khrims {LCh,C,MSA,MV}la
tshur nearby {PH}nearby

tshur khyer bring to
tshur mthong one who sees nearby [i.e.
[system-law]; ethics; morality {C}conduct
an ordinary being]; one who looks nearby

{PH}one who sees nearby [i.e. an ordinary being]

tshur mthong rnams kyis nges par
rtags la brten nas nges rtogs par bya ba ma yin pai
chos a phenomenon which ordinary beings does
vtta; {MSA}vtti; {MSA}vidhi how; mode; way;

system; manner; fashion; proper way {C}
principle; method; guidance; -ion; (well) rounded;
conduct
616
tshul khrims kyi go sgrub

achieving through the armor of ethics
tshul khrims kyi sdom pa

{MSA}la-savara ethical vow
tshul khrims kyi pha rol
training of recollection of ethics
tu phyin pa {MSA}la-pramit perfection of

ethics
tshul khrims nyams pa {C}
tshul khrims kyi phar phyin
chidra-lo; {MSA}la-khaana degenerated

ethics; corrupted ethics defective in his morality
perfection of ethics
tshul khrims kyi sbyin pa {MSA} tshul khrims nyams pa

la-dna giving of ethics
tshul khrims kyi tshogs sgrub

achieveing through the collection of ethics
tshul khrims kyi yon tan
{MSA}la-gua quality of ethics; ethical quality
tshul khrims kyi rab tu dbye
ba {MSA}la-prabheda differentiation of ethics

{T}
tshul khrims skyon {C}khaa-lo
tshul khrims ngan pa {C,L}
tshul khrims ngan par byed

pa {C,L}daulya; {C}daulya-kara act
immorally {C}immorality; what makes for bad
behavior
pa dgod god bkod god

{MSA}lev eva ca ropaa set/establish in
ethics
tshul khrims dang lta ba
tshul
khrims dang brtul zhugs mchog tu dzin pa

gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}lavrata-parmara conception of ethics and modes
of conduct as supreme {C}the contagion of
mere rule and ritual
dang brtul zhugs mchog dzin

gzung dzin bzung zungs la-vrata-parmara
conception of ethics and modes of conduct as
supreme {C}the contagion of mere rule and
ritual
{C}dulat; {C}dulye faulty ethics {C}

immoral; immorality
tshul khrims chal pa {MSA}

dula faulty ethics
tshul khrims dang ldan pa
tshul khrims chal ba faulty
{C,MSA}lavat; {MSA}la-yoga having

ethics; ethical {C}gifted with ethics; observer
of morality; endowed with morality; one of good
conduct
ethics
gzhom joms bcom choms {MSA}

upahanti la destroyed ethics
tshul khrims rjes su dran pa

recollection of ethics
tshul khrims dag la god
tshul khrims
tshul khrims chal {C}dula;
khrims rjes su dran pai mthar gyis sbyor ba

sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord serial
uddhi pure ethics
ethics and views
daulya bad ethics; immorality; immoral; {T}

one who has bad ethics
tshul
tshul khrims dag pa {MSA}la-
blta lta bltas ltos {MSA}la-di
faulty ethics {C}one whose morality is broken
tshul khrims joms
med pa {MSA}lasya na khaanai; {MSA}

lasykhaanena non-degenerated ethics;
uncorrupted ethics
617
tshul khrims dang brdul

lavrataparmara conception of ethics and
systems of behavior as supreme
tshul khrims
on; as being
dang brdul zhugs mchog dzin conception of

ethics & systems of behavior as supreme
tshul dngos
tshul khrims sdom pa {MSA}la-
method
tshul gcig {C}eka-naya; {C}eka one
savara ethical vow
tshul khrims rnam par dag
mode; one way {C}one single principle; one

(single); alone; the same as; only one
pa {MSA}la-viuddhi pure ethics; purify

ethics
tshul gcig tu bsgrub pa

eka-naya-abhinirhra established as one mode
{C}consummation of the single principle
tshul khrims ma nyams {MSA}

lasykhaan non-degenerated ethics;
uncorrupted ethics
tshul khrims yang
tshul gcig tu rtogs pa
tshul gcig tu bstan pa

eka-naya-prativedha realize as one mode;
understand in one way {C}penetration to the
one principle
dag par blangs pa {MSA}la-samdna

correctly assume ethics; correctly take up a
system of ethics {T}
tshul khrims
yongs su rdzogs par gyur ro

gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}leu paripra-krin
complete perfection of ethics {C}morally
perfect; one who observes moral precepts
tshul khrims ral ba {L}vipannala lost ethics; forgotten ethics
tshul khrims la gnas {MSA}lapratihita abide in ethics
tshul khrims la sogs

pa jog pa {MSA}ldi-niveana engage in
ethics, etc.
bstan ston bstand stond {C}eka-nayanirdea indicate as one mode; teach in one way
{C}exposition of the one single principle
tshul chos {MSA}kuhan superficial

religious performance; hypocritical religious
performance [mere outward display of
religiosity]
tshul ji ltar na in what way?{BJ 50.6}

tshul ji ltar mi sul ba
{GD:666} reliability in a certain way, one of Goram-bas three criterion for a reliable cognition (mi
slu bai rig pa)
tshul khrims la
tshul gnyis two modes

tshul rtags {PH}method of diagnosis
tshul bstan pa
sogs pa rnam pa drug pa {MSA}ldi ... avidha the six aspects, ethics and so forth {T}
tshul khrims shin tu

rnam par dag pa {MSA}suviuddha-la very
pure ethics
bstan ston bstand stond display the mode
tshul mthun pa tsam {C}pratirpa
tshul gyis {C}yogena due to the
mere concordant mode {C}fitting; proper;
mode; by the mode; through the way {C}in

consequence of; through; in accordance with; by
means of; in the manner of
seemly
tshul gyis gnas pa {C}yoga-sthna

abide through the mode {C}take ones stand
{PH}direct method; actual
618
tshul dang dra bar {C}yath-
anurpa similar to the mode/way {C}suitably
tshul du {C}yogena as the mode; as
in the right way
the way {C}in consequence of; through; in

accordance with; by means of; in the manner of
tshul bzhin du yid
from the way {C}according to its method
tshul bzhin ma yin pa
tshul nas {C}vyajanatas from the mode;
tshul rnam {PH}mode

tshul rnam gnyis {PH}two modes
tshul rnam par
la byed pa las {MSA}yonio manaskrt from

proper mental activity
la sbyor ba sbyar sbyor sbyard

sbyord {MV}ayonia-prayoga application/
engagement in that which is improper
dag pai yon tan ston pa

bstan ston bstand stond {C}viuddha-guakhypayitra teach the qualities of the pure
mode {C}they proclaim the virtues of pure
conduct
tshul bzhin ma yin par yid la byed pai nyes dmigs

{MSA}ayonio-manasikrdnava observing the
fault of improper mental application {T}
tshul bzhin ma yin yid
tshul ma lags pa {C}vinaya
la byed {MSA}ayonio-manaskriy improper

mental activity
discipline {C}non-guidance
tshul bzhin
tshul mdzad pa manifesting the

manner; putting on a show
tshul bzhin {C,L}yonia(s) in the right
way; proper; properly{S} {PH}properly; proper

manner; right way {C}wise(ly)
tshul bzhin kun dris {L}
vidhivatparipcchaka Vidhivatparipcchaka
[p.n. of a Bodhisattva]
ma lags pa yid la bgyid pa

bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}ayonio-manasikra
improper mental activity/contemplation/taking
to mind {C}unwise attention
tshul bzhin ma lags

pa la zhugs pa zhug jug
zhugs zhugs not properly oriented{S}
tshul bzhin min pa improper

tshul bzhin zhugs
tshul bzhin du {LCh,MSA}yonias;
zhug jug zhugs zhugs properly
{L}yathnayam; {MSA}vidhivat [way-like];

properly; in the right way; proper {PH}
properly; correctly mannerly; one who puts on
airs de tshul bzhin du
chad pai mkhas pa scholars who explained that
properly {T1 6.1}
oriented{S}
tshul bzhin yid bya {MSA}yonio

manasi kartavya proper mental activity
tshul bzhin yid byed pa {MSA}
tshul bzhin du jug na {MSA}
yoni-manaskra proper mental activity
yonia pratipadyamna engage properly;

properly enter into
tshul bzhin yid la bya ba {C}
par gyur ba {C}yath-sthita eva bhavati abide

properly {C}acts properly in acordance with
circumstances
tshul bzhin yid la byed
yonio manasikra proper mental activity {C}

wise attention
tshul bzhin du gnas
tshul bzhin du min improperly; not
619
pa {MSA}yonio-manasikra; {MSA}yonio
manasikriy; {MSA}yonio-manaskra proper
mental activity
tshe di la {L}da-dharma ihatra in this
tshul bzang spyad

spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}suvidhi-caraa
act in a good manner; act well {T}
tshul shes {C}vidhi-ja
lifetime life; this very life; in this world; here and

now
tshe dir tshang rgya ba through
{C}one who
purification in this lifetime{TGP 73}
knows the method
tshul gsum trai-rpya; tri-rpa three

modes [of proof] {GD:324} three-fold criteria
{PH}
tshe {LCh,C}kla; {LCh}yus; {C,MSA}janman;
tshe spang bza
{PH}Lady from
Tsepang [Queen to Tri-song-de-tsen]
tshe phyi ma {MSA}angata; {MSA}
saparya; {MSA}saparyika next life; later

lifetime
tshe phyi ma la phan dogs
pa gdags dogs
btags/brtags thogs {MSA}saparynugraha
benefit in the next lifetime
tshe gcig one lifetime

tshe gcig sdug {MSA}janmaika ...
tshe phyi mai kha na ma tho ba
dukha the suffering of one lifetime
{MSA}sparyika ... avadya fault of (a) later

lifetime(s) {T}
tshe rje nas {C}jti-vyativtta (=sva-
tshe tshigs su at that time

tshe rabs {L,MSA}jti; {MSA}jana;
prakti-paritygj = janma-antara-gata) {C}

(after they have) passed through this present birth/
life; after he has died
{MV}janman [life-lineage]; series of births;

continuum of lives birth; species; different
varieties
{PH}the thoughts concerning
this life
tshe dang ldan pa {C}yuma(n)t
tshe rabs brjes {C}janma-antara-
{C}venerable
vyativtta (=prva-kya-viharj) {C}passed

through another birth; after two births
tshe dang ldan pa rab byor

{PH}venerable Subhti
tshe das pa {PH}deceased; dead person

tshe di {MSA}da-dharma; {MSA}da ...
dharma this lifetime
in this very lifetime
[p.n. of a Buddha, also called Amitbha]
next life; in a later lifetime
{C}vartamna time; life; lifespan {C}manner

of birth; birth
tshe di nyid la {C}da eva dharme
tshe dpag med amityus Amityus
tshe phyi ma la {MSA}yaty in the
three-fold proof
tshe rtog pa
{C}
venerable
Divisions: dbye
ba/ 1 phyogs chos/ 2 rjes khyab/ 3 ldog khyab/
Divisions: (1) subject-quality (pakadharmatvam)
[the presence of the reason in the subject, that is to
say, the reason applies to the subject: (A) In the case
of the subject, the color of a white religious conch, /
(B) it follows that it is red / (C) bec
tshul gsum pai rtags
tshe ldan pa {C}yuma(n)t
620
tshe rabs phos {C}jti-vyativtta
(=sva-prakti-paritygj = janma-antara-gata)
move to a rebirth; transmigrate {C}(after they
have) passed through this present birth/life; after
hes has died
tshe rig dzin
gzung
{C}he has a total of forty teeth
dzin bzung zungs knowledge-fund of life
tshe la sogs pas bsdus pa

yur-di-saghta included within a life and so
forth
tshe lo {PH}life-span
tshe gsum {MSA}tri ... janma three
tshems shin tu dkar ba {C}

tshei mthar thug pa {C}yu-
paryanta final lifetime {C}extent of life-span
tshei tshad {C}yu-prama; {MSA}yur-
tshegs difficulty
tshegs chung ngu {MSA}akcchra
prama; {MSA}yu-prama measure of a

lifetime {C}end of life-span
tsher ma {C}kaaka; kaaka thorn
little difficulty
tshegs chung ngui thabs a
{PH}thorn; briar {C}impediment; thorn
method of little difficulty{TSV 68b}
tshegs chung ngus grub pa
grubs established with little difficulty
tshegs chen {C}kcchrd great

difficulty {C}painfully
tshegs chen pos rnyed {MSA}
kcchra-labdha obtained with great difficulty
tshegs ches rnyed {MSA}kcchralabdha obtained with great difficulty
tshegs med {MV}akcchratva effortless;

non-difficulty
tshegs med pa {MV}akcchratva

effortless; non-difficulty
tshegs med par effortlessly; without

difficulty
tshem/
tshem/ tshems/ tshems/ {C}danta to be left or

forgotten {T} {PH}tooth {C}tooth; ivory
tsher shes zhing khrel yod pa
{C}hrr-apatrpya {C}sense of shame and dread

of blame
tshes zla {PH}lunar month

tsho particle indicating plural
tshogs {C}ogha; {MSA,MV}kya;
{C,L,MSA,MV}sabhra; {C,MSA}gaa; {C}

rai; {C,MSA}saga; {C}sacayat; {MSA}
nicaya; {MSA}samagra; {MSA}sabhti; sagha
group; collection; stock; assembly; gathering;
accumulation; community {PH}accumulation;
collection; composite {C}heap; mass; bulk;
congregation; community; equipment; resources;
endowed with; multitude; host; crowd; retinue;
flood; multitude a composite of the two
{YJD}
tshogs kyi khor lo
{PH}
gaacakra feast
tshogs kyi khor loi cho ga

{PH}gaacakra feast ritual
tshems mnyam pa {C}sama-dantat

{C}teeth equal in size
tshems mnyam zhing
bzhi bcu thad pa {C}sama-catvriad-dantat
avirala-dantat {C}there are no gaps between his

teeth
suukla-dantat {C}his teeth are very white
lifetimes {T}
tshems
tshems thags bzang ba {C}
tshogs kyi rab tu dbye ba
{MSA}sabhra-prabheda differentiation of the

collection(s) {T}
tshogs kyi lam {MSA}sabhra-mrga

path of accumulation
621
tshogs khor
{PH}gaacakra feast
smagr-labhamna {C}when all conditions are

favorable
Except in the context of a gaacakra feast, etc.,

[you] should not rub your arms, hands, etc., or sing,
or dance, or [play] instrucments, etc. in the presence
of your teacher. {AGP-T} comm. to vs. 30ab
tshogs sgrub
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs sabhrapratipatti
achieving through collections; achieving the
collections
tshogs ji
lta bar byang chub yang dag par grub

{MSA}yath-sabhram bodhi-samudgama
correctly achieve enlightenment according to the
collections {T}
tshogs gnyis rdzogs
tshogs pa dang mi
mthun par gyur gyur gyurd

gyur gyurd {C} vismagr discordant with the
collection(s) {C}(mutual) discord
tshogs pa dang mi
ldan par gyur ba gyur

gyurd gyur gyurd {C}vismagry savartate
not having the collection(s); without the
collection(s) {C}prevent co-operation
tshogs par mi dbyung ba
tshogs spyad pa
spyad
spyod spyad spyod {MSA}sabhra-carita

congregating
tshogs spyi smagr-smnya collection
generality; collection-generality collectionuniversal {GD:176}

Definitions:
bsten sten bstend stend causal collection;
prerequisite
{C}vismagr; {C}vidhurat free from the

collection(s) {C}discord; dissention
asahya {C}not equal to; insupportable
par bya ba rdzogs rdzogs

rdzogs rdzogs {MSA}sabhra-dvaya-pri
complete/fulfill the two collections [of merit and
wisdom]
tshogs bsten pa
tshogs pa dang bral ba
mtshan nyid/ rang
tshogs dang spyod
pai rang sangs rgyas spyad

spyod spyad spyod *vargacrinpratyekabuddha
congregating Solitary Realizer
gi cha shas du ma dus pai gzugs rags pa/ ya gyal
du ma dus pa/ cha shas du ma dus pai gzugs rags/
Def.: a coarse form which is an aggregation of its

many parts {T}; the aggregate of several singles
{GD:176}; extended matter that is composed of
several parts {GD:176}
tshogs rnams rdzogs par
byed rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs

rdzogs {MSA}sabhrn praya(n)ti complete/
fulfill the collections
tshogs spyod
spyad spyod
spyad spyod vargacrin Congregating [Solitary
Realizer]
tshogs pa {C,N}smagr; {N}sagati

collections; composite{N} {C}concord; (to
possess the) full compliment of conditions
tshogs spyod pa
labdhu having gained the collections {C}when

conditions are favorable
tshogs phel ba {MSA}sabhra-
tshogs pa rnyed nas {C}smagr tshogs pa dang phrad na {C}

622
tshogs spyod pai rang rgyal Congregating

[Solitary Realizers]
prasava increase a collection {T}
tshogs bran {PH}servant of the people

tshogs sbyor gnyis {PH}[paths of]
accumulation and preparation
tshogs tsam {PH}mere collection

tshogs zhing sabhra-ketra
[assembly/accumulation-field]; field for
accumulating; field of assembly
hue; dye; coloring; finger-joint-length {C}

greed(y); dye; desire
phang du mtho gsum la tshon gang chad pa, In
height, [its size is] three spans minus a finger-jointlength. {GCG} p. 17
tshon po fat
tshon rtsi {LCh} citra; nirysa; raga;
ragika {PH}colored paint
tshogs yongs su ma rdzogs tshor rkyen have a keen sense of; have an
pa rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs
rdzogs {MV}aparipra-sabhrat; {MSA}
aparipra-sabhra not complete/fulfill the
collections
experiential knowledge of
tshor bde feeling-bliss

tshor bde gyur ba can mutable
tshogs yongs su smin pa
blissful feeling
tshor ba {LCh,MSA,MV}vedan; {C}vedaka;
{MSA}sabhra-paripka mature the

collection(s)
{MV}vedana; {MSA}vedita feeling feel; feeler;

experience
tshogs yongs su
tshor ba btang snyoms
rdzogs par byed pa rdzogs

rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {MSA}sabhra-paripri
complete/fulfill the collections
upekvedan neutral feeling
tshogs lam sabhra-mrga path of
accumulation
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ chos mngon rtogs/ Definition:
clear realization of doctrine
tshogs bsags {MSA}sabhta
tshogs bsags pa {N}sabhra;
{N}sacaya amassing the collection; accumulate

the collections accumulate
tshor ba dran pa nye bar

tshor ba dran pa nye bar
bzhag pa vedansmtypasthna establishment

in mindfulness of feeling
tshor ba dran pa nyer gzhag

{PH}application of mindfulness based on feelings
tshor ba po {C}vedaka; {N}vedak; {C}
{C}
avedaka feeler{N} {C}one who experiences;

unfindable; cannot be known
merchant
tshong pai bu {PH}merchants son

tshod {PH}amount; quantity
tshod tsam {PH}about as much (as)
tshon {L,MSA}raga; {C}rga hue {PH}
btang snyoms kyi sa pai rigs su gnas pa abiding

in the type which is a ground of neutral feelings
(?)
gzhag pa {PH}application of mindfulness based

on feelings
amassing the collection; accumulate the

collections accumulate
tshong khang shop; store

tshong pa {C}vija; {MSA}vaij
tshor ba
tshor ba yid bde;

tshor ba sems bde feeling of mental bliss
tshor ba sems bde feeling of

mental bliss
623
tshor bai rgyu {MV}vedan-nimitta

cause of feeling
tshor bai dbang po {MV}
vedanendriya power of feeling; faculty of feeling
tshor bar byed du jug pa {C}

vedayit engage in feeling {C}feeling
tshor bar byed pa po {C}vedayit

feeler {C}one who feels
tshol
btsal
tshol/tshel btsal tshold {MSA}(v): vuyt;
{C}paryeati seek; seek out; investigate;
examine; research; look for {C}searches (for);
seeks {for}; decides to look for; try to determine
tshol ba
btsal tshol/tshel btsal tshold {MSA}eik

seeker; seek; seeker out; investigater; examiner;
researcher
nirmgya not investigate/examine/research/seek/

look for
mtshang dru expose ones faults;

irritate; strife; fight
mtshang bru {C}bhaana (=vk-citta-
kta vairpya) strife; fight{C}; expose ones

faults; irritate
mtshang bru {C}bhaana (=vk-cittakta vairpya) expose ones faults; irritate;

{C}strife; fight
mtshan bcas kyi rnal byor

sanimitta-yoga yoga with signs
mtshan bcas rtsol bcas

{PH}having signs and having effort
mtshan bcos {PH}having signs

mtshan mchog {PH}supreme name
mtshan nyid {LCh,C,MSA,MV}lakaa;
{MV}lakmkhya(?); {MSA}svabhva definition;

characteristic; character; mark; attribute; sign;
case; defining characteristics {PH}logical
reasoning [literary genre]; distinctive symptom
{GD:114} object characterized by this property;
{GD:431} common defining properties
rang gi mtshan nyid kyis grub pa
established by way of its own characteristic {T}
rang gi mtshan nyid (svalakaa)
that which is characterized by a property{GD:114}
spyii mtshan nyid (smnyalakaa)
that which is defined by a general defining property
{GD:114}
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rdzas yod chos gsum tshang
ba/ Def.: triply qualified substantial existent
mtshan nyid kyi theg pa
mtshang bru bai bsam pa
lakaayna Definition Vehicle
{ntideva 5.49} utprstiaya {PH}the

intention to describe the faults [of others]
mtshan sngags {PH}name-mantra

mtshan bcas samitta involving
discrimination having signs
mtshan {LCh}nma; {MSA}nman; {C}
cause of a name; cause of naming
mtshan bcas kyi du shes
tshol/tshel btsal tshold {C,MSA}ea; {MSA}

paryei; {MSA}mgya; {MV}anveaa seek; seek
out; investigate; examine; research; look for
{C}searching for
tshol ba med pa
mtshan gyi rgyu {MSA}lakaa-hetu

constructs
btsal
tshol ba pa
nimitta; {C}rtrau; {MSA}vyajana; {C}

vyajanat; {MSA}lakaa; {MSA}ya mtshan =
adbhuta name; characteristic(s){BJ 38.1}; night;
sign; mark; symptom; sexual sign; marked
with {PH}name; sign {C}character; by night;
genitals
mtshan nyid kyi de bzhin nyid

{MSA}lakaa-tathat reality of characteristics
624
mtshan nyid ngo ba nyid med mtshan nyid med pa {L,MSA,MV}

pa {N}lakaa-nisvabhvat character-nonnature
alakaa non-character; unmarked;

characterless
pa lakaanisvabhvat natureless in terms

of character; character-non-nature; characternaturelessness
pai skad cig sbyor characterless momentary

training
mtshan nyid ngo bo nyid med mtshan nyid med

mtshan nyid ngo bo nyid
med pa nyid lakaanisvabhvat characternon-nature; natureless in terms of character
mtshan nyid gcig pa {C}eka-
lakaa one characteristic; one character {C}

with one mark only
mtshan nyid mchog {MSA}
agra-lakaa supreme character; supreme

characteristic
mtshan nyid dang ldan pa fully

qualified
mtshan nyid dang ldan

pai bla ma {PH}fully-qualified teacher
mtshan nyid dzin pa

lakaa-grahaa apprehending character {T}
mtshan nyid bzhi {MSA}catur-lakaa

four characteristics; four characters
mtshan nyid zab pa {MSA}lakaagmbhrya profound character
mtshan
nyid yongs su chad pai kun btags imputational

natures whose character is thoroughly nihil
mtshan nyid
yongs su chad pai kun brtags

chad chad chad chad imputations of which the
character is thoroughly cut off{BJ 25.4}
mtshan nyid dang mi gal ba mtshan nyid

{MSA}lakavirodha not contradictory with
the character
mtshan nyid dang mtshon bya

lakaa-lakya definition and definiendium
yongs su ched pai kun btags

gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs nonexistent imaginary
mtshan nyid rab tu rig pa
mtshan nyid ldan {PH}fully-qualified

mtshan nyid rab
tu rig pai yid byed mental contemplation of

mtshan nyid ni yod kyang ji ltar kun tu
thorough knowledge of the character
brtags pa bzhin du med pa
{MV}asti lakaa na tu yath parikalpyate the
characteristic does not exist as it is imputed to
exist {T}
mtshan nyid la ldem

por dgongs pa lakabhisadhi indirectly
intending the characters; intending the
characters
mtshan nyid pa that which has all the
mtshan nyid shes pa {MSA}
jnam ... lakae knowledge of the character/

characteristic {T}
characteristics; real; actual; fully qualified{LG}
mtshan nyid mi dra {MSA}

vilakaa different characteristics {T}
thorough knowledge of the character
mtshan nyid so sor yid
byed individual mental contemplation of the
625
mtshan ldan
character
mtshan nyid so sor rig pa
{PH}fully-qualified; named;
genuine
individual knowledge of the character
mtshan nyid so sor rig

pa yid byed individual mental contemplation of
the knowledge of characteristics{Lati}
mtshan nyid so sor
rig pai yid byed lakaapratisaved-manaskra
mental contemplation of individual knowledge
mtshan dpe lakaa-vyajana major

and minor marks [of a Buddha]
mtshan dpes
spras pai rtag brtan gyi snying po a permanent,

stable essence that is adorned with the major and
minor marks{BJ 35.7}
mtshan phun sum tshogs pa
{C}lakaa-sampad marvellous characteristic(s)

{C}possession of marks
of the character; mental contemplation which is

knowledge of the individual character
mtshan nyid gsum trilakaa three mtshan phyed midnight

characters
mtshan bru ba {C}bhaana (=vk
dbye ba/ kun btags kyi
Divisions:
citta-kta vairpya) expose ones faults;

irritate; {C}strife; fight
mtshan ma {LCh,MSA,MV}nimitta sign;
mtshan nyid/ gzhan dbang gi mtshan nyid/ yongs

grub kyi mtshan nyid/ Div.: the other-powered
character, the imputational character, and the
thoroughly established character
mark; dualism; wrong perception; character

character
mtshan ma mchis pa {C}animitta;
mtshan gnyis pa ubhayavyajana
{C}alakaa signless {C}unmarked; without

marks
androgyne; androgynous
mtshan dang ldan pa
mtshan ma nyid
{PH}fully-
qualified; named
mtshan dang dpe byad
mtshan ma med par mthong {MSA}nimittam

evnimitta payanti see the sign as a signless
{T}
mtshan dpe/ {MV}lakaa-vyajana [32] marks

and [80] signs [of a Buddha or cakravartin]
mtshan ma dang bcas
mtshan dang dpe byad
pai zhi gnas calm abiding with signs
mtshan ma dang bral ba {C}
bzang po {C,MSA}lakaa-anuvyajana
[32] marks and [80] signs [of a Buddha or
cakravartin] {C}marks; minor characteristics
mtshan don
nimitta-apagata free from signs {C}left all

signs behind
{PH}etymology; meaning
of the name
dei mchod brjod kyis klu sgrub kyi mtshan don
bshad; Its salutation verse explains the etymology
of Ngrjunas name. {GCG} p.21
mtshan don dang mthun pa
mi rtog pa {MSA}nimitta-nirvikalpa; {MSA}

nimittnm akalpan non-conceptual sign
mtshan ma med {MV}animitta; {MV}

nimittbhva; {MV}nirnimittat signless;
signlessness
{MSA}anvartha-nman a name which is

concordant with the meaning {T}
mtshan ma rnam par
626
mtshan ma med pa {C,MSA,MV}
mtshan mai gnas {C}nimitta-pada
nimitta; {MSA}animitta; {C}nirnimitta(t);

{MV}nirnimittat; {MV}nimittbhva signless;
signlessness{N}
abode of signs {C}trace of the sign
mtshan ma med pa
mngon du bya ba {C}nimitta-sktkriy direct

realization of signlessness
mtshan ma med pa
la rtsol bai du shes {MSA}nimittbhoga-saj

discrimination which strives for signlessness
{T}
mtshan ma med pai
mtshan mai rnam par
g.yeng ba {MV}nimitta-vikepa distraction of

signs
mtshan mai spyod yul
spyad spyod spyad spyod nimitta-gocara
realm of signs
mtshan mai lha nimitta-deva sign

deity
mtshan mar byas nas {MV}

bzung zungs {MSA}nimitta-samdhi signless
nimitta ktv having made a sign ? {T}
mtshan mar byed de {C}nimitt-
mtshan ma med pai rnal
karoti {C}make into a sign
byor animittayoga yoga without signs
mtshan ma med pai dbyings

{MSA}animitta ... dhtu signless realm
mtshan ma med pai zhi

gnas calm abiding without signs
mtshan ma med pai gzhi
mtshan mar dzin pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {N}

nimittodgrahana; nimittagrha apprehension of
signs{N}; conception of signs
mtshan med kyi rnal byor

yoga without signs; yoga of signlessness
mtshan med
{MSA}animitta-pada signless basis; basis of

signlessness
du byed dang bcas par gnas pa {MSA}animittasasaskro vihra abide in signlessness with
discrimination {T}
mtshan ma med pai shes
mtshan med gnas pa {MSA}
pa {MV}jnnimitta signless consciousness;

cognition of signlessness
animitta ... vihra signless abode
mtshan ma med pai lhag

mthong special insight without signs
mtshan med rtsol
ma med par gcig tu nges pai lam {MSA}

nimittakaikntiko mrga path which singlely
ascertains signlessness ? {T}
mtshan mo {LCh,MSA}rtri; {MSA}tamas
bcas kyi du shes signless discrimination having

exertion
mtshan
night
mtshan ma med par gnas pa mtshan mo zla ba

{MSA}animitta-vihra; {MSA}nirnimitta-vihra
signless abode; abide in signlessness
mtshan mai du shes {C}
moon; the moon at night
mtshan med; mtshan ma
med pa {L,MSA}animitta signless; signlessness
nimitta-saj conception of a sign {C}notion/

perception of sign
{PH}nighttime
627
mtshan smos pa tsam {MSA}nmadheya-grahaa-mtra merely mention the name
transition {C}relate to; relating to
{T}
mtshan mtshon definition and
mtshams sbyor ba ma
mchis pa sbyar sbyor sbyard

sbyord {C}apratisadhi non-transition {C}
not subject to a rebirth
definiendum{D2}
mtshan zhabs {PH}debate partner

mtshan gzhi {MSA}lakya; dnta
mtshams med lnga five heinous
illustration; instance example; instance
crimes
mtshan so gnyis dpe
dbye ba/ 1 pha bsad pa/ 2 ma
Divisions:
byad brgyad cu thirty-two marks and eighty

signs [of a Buddha or cakravartin]
mtshan gsol to {C}kta-nma
bsad pa/ 3 dgra bcom pa bsad pa/ 4 de bzhin gshegs

pa las ngan sems kyis khrag phyung ba/ 5 dge dun
gyi dbyen byas pa/ Div.: 1) Killing ones father,
2) Killing ones mother, 3) Killing a foe destroyer,
4) With bad intention, causing blood to flow from
the body of a Buddha, 5) Causing dissension in the
spiritual community
{C}
been given the name of
mtshan gsol ba give a name

mtshams {C}sm; {MSA}phyogs mtshams
= vidi intermediate space; border; juncture;

limit; gap between lives; intermediate directions
{C}boundary line
mtshams med pa {C}nantarya
mtshams kyi
heinous crime; borderless {C}deadly sins
mtshams bzung {C}avadh-karoti
nags tshal phun sum tshogs {C}sm-vana {C}

boundary lines (or woods?)
{C}(with this) for his terminus
mtshams kyi rtsa dab bzhi

{PH}four channel-petals of the intermediate
directions
mtshams bcad pa {C}baddha-sman

{C}hemmed in
mtshams dang bcas {C}svadhi

sbyar
sbyor sbyard sbyord sadhi transition{BJ 16.2}

composition
mtshams sbyar ba
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {C}sadhi transition

{C}composition
mtshams sbyar ba ma lags
pa sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {C}

visadhi non-transition {C}decomposition
mtshams sbyor ba
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {C}anusandhi
{C}
surprise
mtshung {N}tulya similar; alike{N}

mtshung ldan saprayukta similar
association
{C}connected with the delimitation of time
mtshams sbyar
mtshar fantastic
mtshar du brtsis {C}vismyate
mtshungs {C,L}sama; {MSA,MV}samna;
{MSA}samna-bhva; {C}tulya; {MV}sdharmya

similar; like; equal
mtshungs ldan saprayukta parallel

association; having/possessing association;
associational
mtshungs ldan gyi rgyu
saprayukta-hetu associational cause

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ phan tshun mtshungs ldan rnam

pa lnga mtshungs kyang yin/ phan tshun skye ba la gegs
628
mi byed pa yang yin pai gzhi mthun du dmigs pa/ Def.:
Those which are observed as common loci of being

associated with the five types of mutual association
and not acting as an obstacle to the production of
each other.
saprayukta; {MV}saprayoga having/

possessing association; associational {C}
exercise; associate with; conjunction; intent on;
joined by
having/possessing association; associational
karoti equalize {C}equates
mtshungs ldan pa {MSA}saprayukta mtshungs par bya ba {C}sam-
mtshungs pa {C,MSA}sama; {C,MSA}
tulya; {MSA}sa-; {MSA}smnya; {MV}samna;

{MV}sdharmya similar; like; equal {C}
same as; (self) identical; smooth; even; equal (to);
comparable
du shes med pai snyoms jug dang mtshungs pa
as is the case with non-discriminating meditative
absorptions chos mtshungs
pai sgo nas by way of a similar quality{PGP 73}
rang sde dang mi mtshungs
pas since they are not like our schools ... {LWT
18}
mtshungs pa nyid {C,MSA}samat
mtshungs pa de ma thag rkyen

samanantara-pratyaya similar immediately
preceeding condition
mtshungs pa de ma thag
pai rkyen {MSA}samanantara-pratyaya similar

immediately preceeding condition
mtshungs pa ma mchis pa {C}

apratirpa unequalled; dissimilar; unlike {C}
does not resemble anything
mtshungs pa med pa {MSA}atulya;

{MSA}asama; {N}apratima unequalled{N};
dissimilar; unlike {PH}unequalled;
incomparable
mtshungs par {C,L}sama similar; like;

equally
mtshungs par ldan {C}saprayoga

having/possessing association; associational
mtshungs med {C}atula; {MSA}
apratima unequalled; dissimilar; unlike {PH}

unequalled; incomparable {C}incomparable;
peerless
mtshungs med bla ma
{PH}
incomparable guru
mtshungs med sems
{PH}
mtshungs zla {PH}rival; approximate

mtshungs zla ma mchis pa
{PH}peerless; without rival
mtshungs so zhes brtags
nas brtag rtog brtags rtags

{C}tulayati {C}ponder; weigh (up); examine;
mtshun pha mai mtshun thor byed
pa = dispersing offerings that are made to

ancestors{TGP 77}
mtshe {L}taga pond

mtsheu {L}taga; {MSA}taga pond
mtsheu khrugs
khrug khrug khrugs khrugs {L}
kubhita-taga agitated pond
mtsho {C}arava; {MSA}saras lake

great flood; ocean
{C}exercise; associate with; conjunction
atula unequalled; dissimilar; unlike {PH}

unequalled; incomparable {C}incomparable;
peerless
incomparable [state of] mind
similarity; sameness
mtshungs par ldan pa {L,MSA}
mtshungs ma med {C}atulya; {C}
mtsho skyes {LCh}saroruha [lake-born];

lotus
629
{C}
mtshon byed characterize;
mtsho lta bui sems bskyed
characterizing; illustrator {PH}valid illustrator
mind-generation like ocean
mtsho sman Tso-men (a lake spirit)

mtshon {LCh,C}lakyate; {C,MSA}astra
mtshon sbyor application of connection

mtshon tsam {PH}merely indicative
mtshon la sogs pa yudha-di
define; make known; illustrate; show; exhibit;

exemplify {PH}weapons; instance; example;
illustration {C}sword; is marked; is intended
mtshon gyi bskal pa
weapons and so forth
tshang patti fault; error; offense;
{PH}the age
complete
of weaponry
mtshon cha {C}astra

weapon {C}sword
tshang rgya ba bodha; budhyate
{PH}sword;
become fully purified; become perfected; become

purified
mtshon rtags
{PH}indicating sign
nga roi rnam
pai mtshon rtags ni gsham gsal ltar ro; The
indicating sign of the tone is as clarified below.
tshang rgya bya become perfect;

become fully purified
tshang rgya bya dod pa wish to
{TBRC} W20229 vol. 2; p.2
become fully purified; wish to become perfected
mtshon don exemplicatory meaning{BJ
tshangs rgya bai tshul the
14.4} {PH}exemplifying meaning
mode of becoming completely purified
mtshon na {PH}for instance

mtshon rnon {PH}sharp sword
mtshon pa {MSA}laka {PH}
tshab
bsab/ tshab wa gsab/ bsabs/ tshobs wa

gsabs/ complete; fill out
phyis kyi lo tstshas gzhan la gyur
chad bsabs kyang although the latter translator
filled in translations cut in other [texts],{GZ 70a.7}
illustration
mtshon pai brda
{PH}illustrative
sign
mtshon par byed {MSA}(lak):
lakyate characterize; illustrate(s); define; make

known; exemplify
mtshon par byed pa lakyate
characterize{BJ 37.6}; illustrate(s){BJ 39.2};

define; make known; exemplify
mtshon bya lakya; {C}lakman; {C}
rigs pas phul tshams

tsam min par shin tu gsal lo that this is not merely
a case of being forced by reasoning is very clear{T3
81.7}
shinings (?)
{PH}indicated
meaning
tsham proportioned
tsham par in accordance with
tshams case; instance (?)
tshams med pa lnga five non-
lakyate definiendum {C}mark; is marked; is

intended
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ btags yod chos gsum tshang
ba/ Definition: a triply qualified imputed existent
mtshon bya don
630
tshams shig {PH}accordingly

tshams shig nas {PH}accordingly
tshal btsal tshol
btsald tshold {MSA}(pra pad): prapadyante; {L}
pratyeti seek; want; ask; beg; beseech; desire7;
to understand
tshal ba
btsal
tshe bar sems {C}vihehan-
abhiprya harmful mind {C}intent on hurting;

attempts to hurt
btsal tshol btsald tshold {C}vedayitavya(m)

seek; want; ask; beg; beseech; desire; sought out
{C}knows
tshal bar rung ste
btsal tshol btsald tshold {C}sajnti

{C}perceive; cognize; holds to be true; feel
tshig {LCh;C}pradsa; {C}prada

spite
tshig pa {LCh,C}pradsa; {C}prada

spite {C}contentiousness
tshig pa med pa {C}akopan nonspite {C}immovability; undisturbed
tshud pa to be entered; admitted; enter;

go into; get into
{C}
dies [lit.: is not drowned]
tshe
gtses/ gtses/ {MSA}heha to cause mischief; to

cause danger to; permeate; to harm
tsherd/ tsher/ tsherd/ shine; glittering; glitter
tshes to cause mischief or danger to;

persecute; harm
tsho ba {C,MV,MSA}jva; {N}jvik; {C}
jvan; (jv): {MSA}jvati; {MSA}jva; {MSA}

jvaka; {MSA}jvita; {C}upjvya liveliness{N}
{C}livelihood; living; lives; serve as if they were
{PH}general support
[provided by the laity to the ordained sangha of
food and so forth] {Karmaataka} dge dun gyi
dkor dang; mchod rten gyi dkor dang; tsho ba nar
ma dang; phyogs bzhii dge dun gyi dkor . . .
tsho ba yongs su dag pa {C}

pariuddha-jvatva pure livelihood
tsho ba legs par tsho ba

yin {C}sujvitam ... jvitam {C}how good is the
life which they live
tsho bai phyir ni
parikra {C}life; livelihood; requirement
tshe/ gtses/ gtses/ {C}pratyarthika; {C}vihis;

{C,MSA}upadrava; {MSA}vihisaka; {MSA}
rnam par tshe ba = vihis to cause mischief;
to cause danger to; permeate; to harm {C}
provokes hostility; enemy; hostile forces; foe;
harming; distress; calamity; trouble
tsher/
tsho bai yo byad {C}jvita; {C}
gtse/
tshe ba med pa {C}avihis; {MSA}
ya ngas longs spyod spyad spyod

spyad spyod {C}jvik-viama-bhoga {C}to earn
ones livelihood in the wrong way
gtse/ tshe/
tshe ba
tsher ba
tsho ba nar ma
{PH}
tshubs te chi ba {C} marti
tshe bar byed de {C}vihehm
upasaharati harming; to harm; to cause

mischief; to cause danger to; permeate {C}
thinks how he can hurt
tshol btsald tshold {C}icchati; {C}abhpsita;

{L}jtavya; {C}kkati; {L}pratyeti seek;
want; ask; beg; beseech; desire; sought out{S}
{C}wish (for); look for; wished for; cognize;
know; realize; plan; aspire for; search; discover;
understand; acknowledge; admit; with negative:
indistinguishable
tshal ba bgyio
avihisaka non-harming {C}avoiding harm
tsho bar gyur {C}jvik kalpayati

{C}earns his living
631
tsho byed cing {C}jvati {C}lives

tshong {C}vikrte {C}sell
tshod btso/ tshod/
mdzangs pa {PH}wise; learned

mdzangs blun mdo {PH}Stra of
tshor ba {PH}sensation; experience

tshol btsal
the Wise and the Foolish
mdzad
tshol/tshel btsal tshold {C}eati; {C}gaveate;

{C}prrthayati seek; seek out; investigate;
examine; research; look for {C}wishes for;
desire; search; strive for; want; strive after; aspire
for
tshol ba
mdzad/
mdzad/ mdzad/ mdzod/ verb: do; use; honorific
for byed; honorific form of address7 noun:
action; act; deed
mdzad pa

mdzad/ mdzad/ mdzad/ mdzod/ {C,MSA}karoti;
{C}kritra; {C}krya; {MV}karaa; {MSA}ktya;
{MSA}kriy; {MSA}ceita; {MSA}vidhna verb:
make; bring about; do; use{BJ 34.1}; honorific
for byed pa; honorific form of address7 noun:
action; act; deed {C}causes; effects; brings
about; one acts as; what it does; function; activity;
work; function; business; task
btsal
tshol/tshel btsal tshold {C}paryeate; {C}

paryei; {C}pratyeaka (=grhaka); {C}eati; {C}
gaveate seek; seek out; investigate; examine;
research; look for {C}wishes for; searches;
desire; search; strive for; want; those who grasp;
recipient; one who has an interest in; one who
searches for
tshol ba med pa
tshol bar gyur
mdzad pa gcig pa {MSA}eka-krya
one deed; one action {T}
animia not investigate/examine/research/seek/

look for {C}desireless(ness)
mdzad pa lhun grub spontaneous

deeds
paryeayati seek; seek out; investigate; examine;

research; look for {C}prefers; seeks
tshol byed

btsal tshol/tshel btsal tshold {C}paryeayati
seek; seek out; investigate; examine; research;
look for; one who...; the means of... {C}prefers;
seeks
dzab dbyangs jpa recitation of

mantra
dzambu gling {PH}Jambudvipa

dzam bu bri ka {C}jambu-vka the
mdza mitra; {C}sva-jana close; friendly;

friend {C}kinsmen
mdza chen {MSA}suhd (mah-) great

friend; very friendly
mdza po mitra close; friendly; friend

mdza ba priya; mitra friendly; dear;
mdza ba dang mi
mdza ba dang ldan pa {C}priypriya-vyatyasta

(=viyoga) having friends and non-friends {C}
unsuitable situations
dzam bui gling jambu-dvpa this
mdza bo {PH}friend
mdza
world; the Indian sub-continent
kurvayti do; act; perform; use {C}effects;

make into
beloved; friend
Jambu tree
dzing gin {PH}Ghingis Khan

dze t ri {PH}Jetri
mdzad byed pa {C}kurvayati; {C}
boi khyim dang slong mo ster bai khyim lhur len
632
pa {C} mitra-kula-bhikda-kula-guruka {C}
one who attaches weight to his relations with the
friendly families who feed him
mdza mo
{C}beautiful to behold; good-looking; fascinating
When
{PH}lover
pleasure arises from other [factors], what sensible

person would say it is caused just by his lover?
mdzes pa bzang po {C}cru
beautiful; handsome; fine {C}slender; elegant
mdzes par skyes te {C}upacita
{C}ollected; accumulated; heaped up; powerful;

built up
mdzes par nub pa {C} sunigha

mdza bshes friend
{C}well hidden; well concealed
mdza bshes chen po great friend mdzes par byed pa {MSA}obhkaratva beautify; make beautiful
mdza bshes dang blon po dang

mdze po {PH}leper
nye du dang snag gi gnyen mtshams kyi {C}
mdzes byed kyi rgyan beautifying
mitrmtyajtislohit {C}friends, relatives,
{A4C}
ornament
kinsmen, and relatives
mdzo dz (a cross-breed of male yak and
mdza bshes dang blon po dang nye
female cow)
mdzo rgod wild cross-breed of male yak
du dang snag gi gnyen mtshams dag {C}mitrajti-slohita {C}those dear to him, his relations
and kinsmen
and female cow with wide thick horns
mdzod {C}koa; {C,MV}gaja; {MSA}
mdzub khrid {PH}instructions

mdzub gu {PH}finger
mdzub chung mtheu chung /
kohgra; {MSA}garbha verb: do;

act; perform7 noun: storehouse; deed;
treasury7 adj.: beautiful; handsome; fine
{PH}[Vasubandhus] Treasury [of Manifest
Knowledge] (abhidharmakoa); beautiful;
handsome; fine {C}storehouse (of jewelry);
sheath
little finger
mdzub mo
index finger
mdze po
sdigs mdzub/
{PH}leper Just
like a leper scratching [himself], ... {A4C} III.14a
mdzes {C}abhirpa; {C}uru beautiful;
mdzes sdug rab rdzogs pa

full beauty
mdzes pa {C}cru; (ubh): {MSA}obhati;
{MSA}obhate; {MSA}obha; {MSA}bzhin mdzes pa

= saumukhya beautiful; handsome; fine {C}
slender; elegant(ly); sweet
mind-generation like treasury
mdzod spu
mdzod spus {C}r
hUM bzhis snying ga dang mdzod spu dang

hair-tuft; hair-treasure {VM} {C, hair-tuft}
handsome; fine {C}powerful
mdzes pa mang ba {C}daranya
mdzod lta bui sems bskyed
633
lkog ma dang spyi bor bying gyis brlab bar byao/

Transform your heart, hair-tuft, throat, and crown
of your head into magnificence with the four h
[syllables] {Dor 26b.1/236.1}
mdzod spus
mdzod spu {C}
r hair-tuft; hair-treasure {VM} {C, hairtuft}
at; grasped bum dzin rtog pa
thought consciousness conceiving pot
bdag dzin gyi zhen yul referent object
of the conception of self
gzugs dzin dbang mngon a sense direct perceiver
apprehending a form
hUM bzhis snying ga dang mdzod spu
dang lkog ma dang spyi bor bying gyis brlab bar

byao/ Transform your heart, hair-tuft, throat, and
crown of your head into magnificence with the four
h [syllables] {Dor 26b.1/236.1}
dzag pa
dzag dzag
zag zags/ to drip; trickle
byang chub kyi sems kyi rgyun
dzin mkhan
gzung
dzin bzung zungs apprehender
dzin grwa
bab pa dang dzag pa the continuum of the mind

of enlightenment descends and drips ...{TGP}
gzung dzin
bzung zungs class [in school]
dzangs pa {C,L}`vija wise; the wise
dzin cing bzhag na {C}dhrayati
{C}discern(ing)
apprehend; hold; grasp {C}bear in mind;
dzad med [consume-not exist];
preserve; carries
dzin chas furniture

dzin stangs
inexhaustible
dzam gling jambudvpa Jambudvpa

dzam gling/ dzam bu
gzung dzin bzung zungs {N}mui-bandha;

mutibandha mode of apprehension; mode of
apprehension{N} {PH}tying wrists
gling jambu-dvpa Jambudvpa; the Indian

subcontinent; the world
dzam bu gling {LCh}jambu-dvpa the dzin stangs kyi yul

world; the Indian subcontinent; Jambudvpa;
Land of Jambu
dzam bui gling {C}jambu-dvpa; {C}

jmbudvpa the world; the Indian subcontinent
{C}of Jambu-dvpa
dzam bui chu gser ma
{PH}
viaya object of the mode of apprehension

{GD:247} object of the mode of apprehension;
apprehended object
dzin stangs mi mthun pa

discordant modes of apprehension{N}
dzin du jug pa {MSA}grhaa
River Gold of Jambudvpa
dzam bui gser sbyangs
(sic); {C}grhayati engage in grasping {C}

persuade to; catch hold of
{PH}pure River Gold of Jambudvpa
dzigs saluita shaggy

dzings tangle
dzin gzung dzin bzung
dzin rnam
gzung
dzin bzung zungs grhaka-kra; grhakkra
that which has the aspect of the apprehender
zungs {C}grahyati; {C}ghti; {MV}grahaa;

{MV}grha; {MV}grhaka; {C}parighti; {C}
updatta; {MSA}nigha verb: hold; bear;
grasp; apprehend; conceive; identify{BJ 10.4}7
noun: apprehension; apprehender; conception;
conceiver; object [e; g; bzung dzin, subject and
object]{BJ 43.1} {C}will take up; to gain; grasps
gzung dzin bzung zungs mui-bandha-
634
{GD:602} that which has the aspect of the

apprehended; subjectal aspect
dzin pa
gzung
dzin bzung zungs (grah): {L,MV}ghyate;
{C,MSA,MV}grha; {C}graha; {C}grhaka; {MSA}
grhika; {MV}grhakatva; {MSA,C}udgrahaa;
{MSA,MV,C}grahaa; {C}grahaat; {C}ghti;
{C}udghti; {C}parighti (=mamatvena
svkuryt); {MSA}parigraha; {C,MSA,MV}udgraha;
{C,MV,MSA}d conceive; apprehend; conception;
consciousness conceiving; apprehension;
consciousness apprehending {C}grasper;
receiver; take up; learn; learning; seize; taking hold
of; studying; grasp at; take notice; holds; bearing
in mind; bear in mind; preserve; carries; seizes;
seizure; appropriation; grasping; planet; get hold of;
takes hold of; gains; wins; sei
dzin pa kun brtags
mngon gyur ba
gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs manifest artificial
conception
dzin pa khrul pa {MSA}grhabhrnti mistaken apprehension {T}
dzin pa gnyis dang bral ba

{MSA}dvaya-grha-visayukta free from the two
graspings
dzin pa phyogs
gcig pai ting nge dzin {PH}a meditative
stabilization of partiality with respect to
apprehenders [of subjects]
dzin pa med
gzung
dzin bzung zungs {MSA}niravagraha nonapprehension; non-grasping; non-conception
dzin pa med pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}agrahaat; {C}

anavagraha non-apprehension; non-grasping;
non-conception {C}absence of seizing; freedom
dzin pa tsam
gzung
dzin bzung zungs {MSA}grahaa-mtra mere

apprehension; mere grasping {T}
dzin pa gzhan du gyur
pa gzung dzin bzung

zungs {MSA}udgraha-parvtti changeable
apprehension
dzin pai khrul pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}grha-
bhrnti mistake of apprehending; mistake of

grasping {T}
635
dzin pai don

gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}grhakrtha
apprehended meaning ? {T}
dzin pai rnam par g.yeng

ba {MSA}grhaka-vikepa distraction of
grasping; distraction from apprehending ? {T}
dzin pai rnam par shes pa

grhaka vijna apprehending consciousness
dzin pai dmigs pa {MV}

dhralambana apprehended object of
observation
dzin pai mtshan nyid
grhaka-lakaa apprehended characteristic;

characteristic of apprehension {T}
dzin pai rdzas

gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}grhaka-dravya
substance grasped {T}
dzin par gyur ba
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}updnya;

{C}dhrayati; {C}grhayati hold; bear; grasp;
apprehend; conceive; identify {C}graspable;
bear in mind; preserve; keep in mind; carries;
persuade to; catch hold of
dzin par nus pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}dhraasmarthya able to grasp; able to apprehend
dzin par byed pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C,MSA}grhaka;

{MSA}(dh); {MSA}praa apprehender;
grasper; subject; conceiver; grasp; hold;
apprehend; conceive {C}receiver
dzin ma earth {PH}field; ground; earth

dzin med gzung dzin
bzung zungs {C}angrahu; {C}anupdatta nongrasping; non-apprehension; non-conception;
non-identification {C}nothing to grasp;
ungraspable
dzom
dzin tshad
gzung
dzin bzung zungs measure of apprehension
dzom/
dzom/ dzoms/ dzoms/ gather; assembly
dzin tshul tshang ba contains such dzoms pa

dzin tshal
btsal
tshol btsald tshold {C}parighetu-kma {C}
wants to win
dzugs
gzugs/ dzugs/ btsugs/ tshugs/ plant; establish;

set; penetrate
dzud pa {MSA,MV}avatraa; {MSA}
varjana; {C}niveayati cause to enter; draw

into; descend {C}exhorts to; settles in
rdzas rgyun dravya substantial
continuum; continuum of the substantial entity
varjayanti cause to enter; draw into; descend
rdzas rgyun phyi ma
dzud byed pa connect

dzum dzum/
{PH}subsequent
continuation of a substantial entity
rdzas gcig eka-dravya one substantial
dzum/ dzums/ dzums/ smita smile
dzum dkar {PH}brilliant countenance

dzum pa mdzad do {C}smita
entity; substantial identity; same substantial

entity
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ 1 mngon sum la snang ba gang
prdukaroti (=smitam vikurvanti) {C}

manifests a smile
zhig so sor mi snang ba/ 2 rdzas kyi sgo nas so so ba ma

yin par skye pai chos/ Definitions: (1) they appear
to direct perception; and they do not appear as

separate; (2) phenomena that are produced as not
separate by way of entity
{PH}a smiling
face
dzum par byed {MSA}kta-smita-
rdzas gcig pa eka-dravya same
mukha make a smiling face; smile
substantial entity {PH}one substantial entity

grub bde rdzas gcig simultaneous
substantial identity {GD:241} = A thing which is
dzum phreng {PH}garland of blossoms

dzum dmul snul {C}
distinct from substantial entity in the Ge-luk-ba system
prahasitavadano bhtv {C}with smiling face
based on the existence of permanent real entities (rtag

dngos).
{C}
rdzas chos dravya-dharma substantial
ascending on
rdza so {C}ghaaka {C}(earthen) jar

rdzas {C,MSA}dravya; {C}dravyatas; {C}sva;
established
dzud par byed {MSA}( vj):
dzegs pa ascend
{PH}
potter
rdzas kyi cha {GD:147} substantial parts

rdzas grub dravya-siddha substantially
avatrayati cause to enter; draw into; descend
dzeg pa yin pa {C}adhirohin
rdza mkhan {Das} kumbhakra
{MSA}upadhi substantial entity; substantial

{C}actual reality; thing in itself; as an actual reality;
own; (for) himself; what is his
dzud {MV}avatra; {MV}(ava t):
dzum pai bzhin
dzom/ dzom/ dzoms/ dzoms/ gathered; a

gathering; assembly
a mode of conception; contains such a mode of

apprehension
Definitions:
phenomenon
636
mtshan
rdzas med pa {C}adravya not
mi gal ba yang yin pai gzhi mthun par dmigs pa/
rdzas dzin rtog pa
nyid/ khyod gzhi grub/ khyod khyod rang yin/ khyod ma
substantially existent; non-substantial {C}not

actually real
yin pa khyod ma yin/ khyod kyi ldog pa rdzas chos dang
Definition: an observed common locus between: its

being an established base; its being itself; not-its not
being it; and its isolate not being contradictory with
substantial phenomenon
rdzas chos kyi rjes mthun
gzung dzin bzung zungs conception

conceiving substantial existence {PH}
conception of the true existence of subjects (i.e.,
persons) as being substantially existent
rdzas dzin rtog pa dgu
{PH}
conception of the true existence of subjects (i.e.;
persons) as being substantially existent
concordance with substantial phenomenon;

similitude-of-substantial-phenomenon
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
khyod gzhi grub/ khyod khyod rang yin/ khyod ma yin pa

khyod ma yin/ khyod kyi ldog pa rdzas chos kyi rjes mthun
Definition: that which is observed as a common

locus of: it is an established base; it is itself; nonit is not it; and its isolate is not contradictory with
concordance with substantial phenomenon
rdzas gzhan
{PH}different substantial
entities bzung dzin
rdzas gzhan gyis stong pa subject and object
are empty of being different substantial entities [a
definition of the coarse selflessness of phenomena
(chos kyi bdag med rags pa)]
rdzas gzhan gyis stong pa
empty of being different substantial entities{BJ

26.6}
rdzas chos ldog chos
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs substantial
rdzas yod
rdzas su yod
pa {MSA}dravya-sat substantially existent;
substantial existent
Definitions:
phenomenon and isolate phenomenon
rdzas btags kyi khyad
par gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs difference between
the substantially existent and the imputedly
existent{BJ 55.1}
mtshan nyid/ rang nyid ngos gzung ba la chos gzhan
ngos gzung ba la ltos mi dgos pa/ Definition: [a
phenomena] whose identification need not depend

on identifying another phenomena {T}
rdzas tha dad different substantial

entity; different substantial entities
rdzas tha dad pa different substantial

entities
yod rdzas {PH}existent substance

rdzas yod kyi gang zag
dravyasatpudgala substantially existent person
rdzas thams cad yongs rdzas yod chos gsum tri-dravyasu btang ba gtang gtong
btang thongs {C}sarvasva-paritygit let go of
all belongings/wealth/substantial things {C}
renunciation of all that is his
rdzas thig dravyabindu substance drop

rdzas ldog {PH}substantial and isolate
saddharma three properties of a substantial

existent
rdzas yod chos gsum
tshang ba triply qualified substantial existent
rdzas rigs gcig one substantial
[phenomena]
Definitions:
type
637
nyer len gcig las skyes pai tha dad pai dus byas/
Definition: different composed products that are
produced from one substantial cause
rdzis/ {MSA}(ava md): avamdya; {MSA}

dhyatva grind; knead; pound; tread (also,
female yak?) {T}
rdzas rigs gcig pa same type of
rdzi ba mchog gi dra ba {C}go-
substantial entity
va {C}like those of an excellent cow
rdzas rigs mthun pa similar
rdzi ma {C} pakma {C}eye-lashes

rdzi mo herdswomen
rdzig po rich
rdzu skyes spontaneous birth
rdzu phrul {LCh,C,MSA,MV}ddhi
substantial type{LG 30.2}
rdzas rigs mi dra ba dissimilar

types of substantial entities
rdzas re re {PH}single substantial entity

rdzas la dgag grub mi byed
{GD:247} it is not possible to establish or refute

anything in direct reference to a substance
[deceive-magic]; magical emanation; magical

power; magical illusion; miracle {C}majesty;
potency; wonderworking powers; ability to work
wonders
rdzas su grub pa dravyasiddha

substantially established
rdzas su mchis pa {C}dravya

substantially existent; substantial
rdzas su ni med {MSA}dravyato nsti

not substantially existent
rdzas su ma grub pa not

substantially established
rdzas su ma mchis pa {C}adravya

not substantially existent
rdzas su med pa {C}adravya not

substantially existent
rdzas su med pa nyid {C}
adravyat non-substantial-existence {C}nonsubstantiality
rdzi
{PH}herder; supervisor; one who cares

for; one who guides cow-herd {Das} =
rdzi ba
cow-herd
{C}viparysa enumeration of magical

emanations {C}perverted; new; what can upset
brdzi/ rdzi/ brdzis/
rdzu phrul rkang pai brtson grus/ 3 rdzu phrul

rkang pai sems/ 4 rdzu phrul rkang pai dpyod pa/
Divisions: (1) aspiration to the bases of magical
emanations (chanda-ddhi-pada); (2) effort toward
the bases of magical emanations (vrya-dddhipada); (3) mental attention on the bases of magical
emanations [involving fixing ones mind in the
position r
rdzu phrul gyi rnam grangs
Abhidharma
{Das} = Abhidharma
dbye ba/ 1 rdzu phrul rkang pai dun pa/ 2
Divisions:
{C}ddhi-prtihrya miraculous magical

emanations {C}wonder; wonder-working
powers; the miraculous wonderworking power;
miracle
substantially existent
{PH}breeze; wind
ddhi-pada; ddhipda leg of manifestation;

bases of magical emanations; legs of magical
emanation {C}roads to psychic power; bases of
psychic power
rdzu phrul gyi cho phrul
rdzas su yod pa {N}dravya-sat

rdzi
rdzu phrul gyi rkang pa {C,MV}
638
rdzu phrul mngon par
du mdzad pa {C}ddhy-abhisaskra manifest
production of the bases of magical emanations
{C}wonderworking power
rdzu
phrul mngon par du mdzad pa mngon par mdzad

de {C}ddhy-abhisaskram abhisasktavn
manifestly produce the manifest production of
the bases of magical emanations {C}exercised
his psychic power
rdzogs ldan ktayuga
{PH}age of
perfection [first of the four ages of the aeon]
rdzogs pa
rdzogs
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {C}pra; {C}pratipra;
{C,L}paripraa; {C,MV}sampti; {MSA}
nipanna; {MSA}sabharaa complete; end;
finish; perfect; fulfill; terminate {C}perfectly;
full of; the fullness of; full; developed; large; entire
W19357 - Kangyur errata; fol. 2a.2
rdzu phrul dang ldan pa ddhivat possessing magical power
rdzogs pa chen po
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs great
{PH}lies and
completion; Great Completeness; Great

Perfection
deceit and guile
rdzun du smra ba mvda lying

rdzun pa brdzun/
rdzogs pai sku
rdzun smra {LCh}m-vda lying{TGP 77}

rdzus skyes upapduka spontaneous
birth
rdzus te skye ba {C}upapduka
rdzogs pai byang chub
{C,MSA,MV}sabodhi; {MSA}sabodha
complete/perfect enlightenment {C}perfection
rdzogs pai sangs rgyas
{MSA}sabuddha perfect Buddha
rdzogs par
spontaneous birth {C}miraculously;
apparitionally
rdzus te skyes pa upapduka
rdzogs
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {C}paripraa completely;

fully; perfectly
rdzogs par bskur ba fully/
spontaneous birth
completely bestow
byung byung byung byung upapduka
rdzus te byung bai sems can
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {MSA}sapraarra complete/perfect body
rdzun/ brdzund/ rdzund/ {N}m; alikkra

{GD:504} lie; false; falsity {GD:504} illusory
spontaneously born
rdzogs rdzogs
rdzogs rdzogs {C}paripraa; {MSA}pratva;
{MSA}sapra; {MSA}skalya; {MV}sampta
complete; end; finish; perfect; fulfill; terminate
{C}perfectly
rdzogs
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs Great Completeness; Great
Perfection
{PH}possessing
magical powers
rdzu phrul can rnams kyi mchog ni
dbang phyug zhes byao; The foremost of those
possessing magical powers was called Ivara.
rdzus te byung ba
rdzogs
rdzogs chen
rdzu phrul can
rdzun FALSE
rdzun mkhan {PH}liar
rdzun dang g.yo sgyu

upapduka-sattva spontaneously born being(s)
639
rdzogs par gyur
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {C}paripri
(=apariha); {MSA}skalya complete; perfect;
rdzob
fulfill; end; terminate
rdzogs par rtogs
brdzab rdzob
brdzabs rdzobs obscure; conceal; hide; fake;
appear as if real
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs completely realize
rdzogs par bya ba
rdzobs
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {MSA}pri;

{C}prativedha object of completion; complete;
perfect; fulfill; end; terminate {C}penetration

appear as if real
brdzang
rdzogs par byang chub
brdzangs
brdzang
/ rdzong / brdzangs/ rdzongs/ send; send off;
dispatch

(p): prayanti complete; perfect; finish; end;
terminate
rdzogs bya ba
brdzang

dispatch
pa {MSA}sabodha complete/perfect
enlightenment
rdzogs par byed pa
brdzab rdzob
brdzab
brdzab rdzob
appear as if real
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {MSA}pri object

of completion; complete; perfect; fulfill
brdzabs
{PH}complete enlightenment
brdzi pa med nyid {C}aviayatva
rdzogs byang complete enlightenment

rdzogs byed

appear as if real
rdzogs
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {MSA}praa bringing

to completion; completer; perfecter; complete;
perfect; fulfill; means of...

rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs terminating term;
terminator

brdzun/
brdzun gyi tshig {C}mvat false

words; lie
brdzun du smra ba {C}m-vda

lying; lie {C}deceptive speech
brdzun du smra
scholar; Tib. rdzogs gsal / wen tshig / wen tshegs

/ wanydzeg, Chin. Yan-tse; 613-696]
ba las ldog pai yon tan ldog

ldog ldogs ldogs {MSA}m-vdd virati-gua
qualities that are reversed from lying
brdzang

dispatch
brdzun pa m; {C}mat; mithya
brdzang
falsity; false; counterfeit; lying {C}lie;
fraudulence

dispatch
brdzi/ rdzi/
rdzun/ brdzund/ rdzund/ {C}m falsity; lie;

false; counterfeit; lying {C}fraud
rdzogs gsal Wonchuk [Korean
rdzongs
brdzi ba
brdzun
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs sapanna-krama;

nipannakrama; sampnnakrama stage of
completion; completion stage
rdzong
{C}no occasion for
brdzis/ rdzis/ {C}abhimardati affected {C}

crush
rdzogs tshig
rdzogs rim
brdzab rdzob
640
brdzun par grags renowned as
wen tshig Wonchuk (Korean scholar, Ch.
false
Yan-tse, 613-696)
brdzun par grub pa falsely
wen tsheg
sde snod
gsum pa wen tsheg Wonchuk (Korean scholar,
Ch. Yan-tse, 613-696); Tripiaka Wonchuk
established
brdzus te skye ba {C}upapduka
spontaneous birth {C}apparitional; miraculously

born
brdzus pa {C}upapduka spontaneous
of Sanskrit wordbodhi]
birth {C}apparitional; miraculously born
wa (1) a gutter trough of pipe, usually made of

wood; (2) in Tantra, a symbol of the state which
has neither a cause nor a consequence ; (3) fox
wa wolf
wa skyes fox
wa ti [a sanctuary in Nepal]
wa ba goiter
wa mo fox
wa ra a kind of tea
wa ra a si vras{DASI 572.1}
zha bo {C}laga {C}limping; lame

zha bo mig can {PH}a cripple with
good eyesight
zha smyug pencil

zha lu Sha-lu
zhwa mo hat
zhag day
zhag dang nyi ma {L}aho-rtra a day
and a night
zhag drug cu pai bras

chan {C}aikodna {C}inferior and stale
foods
Vras, modern day Benares
wa ra na si vras Vras, modern
zhag re {PH}each day

zhags pa pa noose
zhang blon {Mvy 3683} rjnaka
day Benares {PH}Vras
wa ra n si vras{LCh} Vras,
modern day Benares {PH}Vras
w ra si vras{LCh}
wer ma a class of Bon minor deities

wo ti bodhi enlightenment [transliteration
{PH}
minor minister
zhabs {LCh}pda; {C}-krama foot; foot
{PH}
Vras
(hon.); feet; base; honorable {C}progressive

steps
wa ru na varua (1) Varua, the god of
zhabs kyi gong mtho ba {C}
water ; (2) a kind of plant ; (3) p.n. of a nga
wa la clear, distinct, plain

ucchakhapda(t) {C}his ankle-joints are
inconspicuous; his feet have inconspicuous ankle wa le clear, distinct, plain
joints
wa si a kind of apple {PH}[a kind of apple] zhabs kyi mtho ba {C}padguha
big toe
wang khyi Wang-kyee [p.n. of a Sa-bdag
monster]
zhabs kyi drung du {C}pda-mla
641
{C}feet
zhabs tog
{PH}respectful practice;
respectful service; respectful treatment
gzigs dpe rnams
la yang zhabs tog ci bas zhan The books that
had been read, moreover, were poor in terms of
whatever respectful treatment [they had received].
{GCG} p. 17
zhabs rdol ba bottomless; having a
zhal gyi sgo {C}mukha-dvra; {MSA}syapua {C}mouth
zhal gyi sgo nas phyung ste
count
{PH}servant;
zhal ngo {PH}monastic proctor

zhal snga nas presence; exalted
service
zhabs bur mi mngon {C}
ucchakhapda(t) inconspicuous ankles {C}

his ankle-joints are inconspicuous; his feet have
inconspicuous ankle-joints
presence; holy
zhal snga
{PH}oral instructions; command

By the command
of the sovereign Tri-song-de-tsen, ... {GZ/BG
zhabs zung {PH}pair of feet

zhabs sen {PH}toe nail
zhabs lham {PH}shoes for the alms
69a.2} -- SW added this record
zhal snga
{PH}exalted presence
[You] should
express [his words, only after] having affixed [an
honorific such as] from his exalted presence to the
end of his name. {AGP-T} comm. to AGP 34ab

zhabs lham yin zer ba ras kyi mthil gram
bowl
byas pai dkhyil la mar po dang; mgo jug tu ras

nag poi mtha chags bcas pa zhig dug; It also
has what they call shoes for the alms bowl which
is a piece of cloth that fits over the bottom and the
sides, with red color in the middle and a border of
black cloth at the top and sides. {GCG} p.15
zhal ce ba {Negi} vivda {PH}magistrate

zhal gcig phyag bzhi {PH}one
face and four arms
zhal che ba {Negi} vivda
{PH}
magistrate
{PH}ancillary
[topic]; secondary
zhar ba {C}ka
{PH}ancillary [topic];
secondary [as opposed to primary, dngos] {C}
one-eyed; {GD:515} secondary (as opposed to
primary, dngos)
byung byung
byung byung ancillary
maala {C}face
zhal gyis bzhed assert{LG 25.1}

zhal grangs {PH}census; head-
bottom; bottomless
zhar byung
zhal gyi dkhyil khor {C}mukha-
{C}nirmpyya {C}stretched out
zhabs bsdol having a hole in the
zhar {PW8-H} prasaga
countenance; mouth
hole in the bottom
zhabs phyi servant(hon.)
zhal {C}sya; {C}vacas face (hon.); presence;
642
zhal ta dsa advice

zhal ta ba steward
zhal tai spring yig dsa-lekha
letter of advice
zhal ltag pa {PH}head; neck

zhal par telephone (hon.)
zhal ba {PH}plaster; plastered wall

zhal sbyor sbyar sbyor
zhi gnas dang lhag mthong
{MSA}amatha-vipayan calm abiding and

special insight
sbyard sbyord face to face; in union
zhi gnas dang lhag
zhal mdzod spus brgyan pa
mthong gi sa {C}amatha-vipayan-bhmi the

level of calm abiding and special insight
{C}r-akita-mukhat {C}his face is adorned

with a hair-tuft
zhi gnas
zhal lung sacred word

zhi {MV,C}ama; {MV}nti; {C}damana; {C}
tsam gyis mngon pai nga rgyal byed pa {MSA}

amatha-mtrbhimna manifest pride due to
mere calm abiding
nirvtu; {C}praameti be peaceful; be calm;

peace; pacification {C}self-discipline; be
extinguished; appeases; quietude; appeased
zhi gnas yid la byed pa {MSA}

amatha-manaskra mental contemplation of
calm abiding
zhi dga {MSA}ama-priya joy of
zhi gnas la sogs
pacification ? {T}
zhi nyid {C}ntat; {C}ntatva
pai rgyu mtshan gsum {MSA}amathdi nimittatraya the three causes of calm abiding, etc.
pacification; peacefullness; peace {C}

quiescience; calmness; quiet calm; going to rest
zhi gnas lam {MSA}amatha-mrga
zhi mtha *ntnta extreme of peace;
path of calm abiding
zhi ba {L,MSA}nta; {MSA}nti; {MSA}
extreme of solitary peace
zhi dod {C}ntaiin desire peace
{C}
one who desires calm
zhi gnas {MSA,C,MV}amatha calm
abiding {C}meditative equipoise; calming down;

quietude; appeasing; serenity
zhi gnas kyi rgyu
zhi ba bgrod pa
gcig pu pai nyan thos pa hearer who progresses

solely to peace
mtshan yid la byed pa {MSA}amatha-nimittamanaskra mental contemplation that is the

cause of calm abiding
zhi ba bgrod
pa gcig pu pai nyan thos {PH}Hearers who

progresses solely to peace
zhi gnas kyi phyogs
zhi ba mchog dang ldan {MSA}
dang mthun pa {MSA}amatha-paka

concordance(s) with calm abiding
zhi gnas kyi tshogs sgrub
parama-amnugata having the supreme peace
achieving through the collection of calm abiding
zhi gnas dang rab tu dzin pa dang btang snyoms

kyi rgyu mtshan {MSA}amatha-pragrahopeknimitta cause of calm abiding, apprehension,
and equanimity
ntat; {C}iva; {MSA,MV}ama; {MSA,C}

amana pacification; quiescence; peace; be
peaceful; be calm {C}calm; calmly quiet;
quieted; appeasing; quiescience; calmness;
quietude; bliss; ultimate beatitude
zhi ba thob pa
thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}knti-lbha;

{MSA}nti-lbha; {MSA}amasya lbha obtain
pacification; attain peace
zhi ba dang gnyen poi

don ldan pa {MV}ama-pratipakrtha-yoga
possessing pacification and the antidotal object
643
zhi bar bya (am): {MSA}amayet; {MV}
? {T}
zhi ba dod rnams {C}ama-
pramya; {MV}mya pacify; be peaceful; be

calm
abhikk those who desire pacification
zhi ba phun sum tshogs pa
zhi bar byed (am): {MSA}amayati;
{C}upaama-sampanna complete pacification;

marvellous pacification {C}one who has won
peaceful calm
{MV}amana pacifying
zhi bar byed pa {MV}amana
zhi ba med {MV}aama non-pacification

zhi ba tsam gyi nga rgyal {MSA}
pacifying
zhi bar zhugs pa
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {MSA}amvia engage

in pacification
ama-mtrbhimna pride of mere pacification
zhi ba tsho ntarakita ntarakita
zhi bya ba {MV}pramya; {MV}mya
[p.n.]
pacifying; pacify; object of pacification
zhib tsho ntarakita {PH}ntarakita

zhi ba lha ntideva ntideva [p.n.; the
zhi byed {MV}amana; {C}aman pacifying

{C}appeasing
author of Engaging in the Bodhisattva Deeds

(byang chub sems dpai spyod pa la jug pa) and
the Compendium of Learnings (bslab pa kun las
btus pai tshig leur byas pa)]
zhi bai don {MSA}ntrtha object of
zhi mi cat
zhi rags *ntaudrika grossnesspeacefulness
zhi rags rnam can having the

aspect of grossness; having the aspect of
peacefulness
pacification; meaning of pacification
zhi bai rnam pa {C}nta-kra
zhi rags rnam can gyi lam
aspect of pacification {C}the mode of calm
zhi bai blo gros nta-mati nta-
path having the aspect of grossness-peacefulness
zhi la rab tu zhi ba {L}prasanna
mati [p.n.]
zhi bai las pacifying activities

zhi bai sems {C}nta-cittat
peaceful; clear; calm
zhi srid yon tan skyon {MSA}

ama-bhava-gua-doa the good qualities of
pacification and the faults of existence {T}
pacified mind; peaceful mind
zhi bai bsam pas zin pa
zhi lhag amatha-vipayan calm abiding
{MSA}ama-bhvnta conjoined with peaceful

thoughts; conjoined with the thought of
pacification {T}
and special insight
zhi bar gyur (am): {MSA}mya(n)ti;
zhi lhag zung du brel amathavipayan-yuganaddha {PH}a union of calm

abiding and special insight
{C}praama gacchati pacify; become peaceful;

be calm {C}be appeased
zhi lhag zung du brel ba
calm abiding
zhi lhag zung du
zhi bar gnas pa {C,MSA}amatha

644
amatha-vipayan-yuganaddha {PH}a union of

calm abiding and special insight
zhing dag sbyor ba

sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord ketra-uddhi-prayoga
training in a pure land; training in purifying a
land
brel bai ting nge dzin amatha-vipayanyuganaddha-samdhi {PH}a meditative

stabilization that is a union of calm abiding and
special insight
zhi lhag zung brel amatha-
zhing ni rnam par dag pa
vipayan-yuganaddha union of calm abiding

and special insight {PH}union of calm abiding
and special insight
{MSA}ketra-uddhi pure land; purify a land
zhi lhag zung brel gyi

ting nge dzin amatha-vipayan-yuganaddhasamdhi a meditative stabilization that is a
union of calm abiding and special insight
zhi lhag gzung brel
{PH}union
of calm abiding and special insight
zhig
jig jig zhig zhigs/
{C}ekki (1) particle indicating a [often
untranslatable]; (2) disintegrate; destroy; perish

[past tense] {PH}one; single {C}some
zhig gyur {C}bhajyate disintegrate;

destroy; perish {C}breaks
zhig pa {MSA}naa; {MSA}vinaa
destroy; disintegrate; perish; disintegratedness

{PH}dissintegration
zhig par gyur {C}pravilyate
destroy; disintegrate; perish {C}melt away
zhing {LCh,L,MSA,MV}ketra; ca; v (1)
zhing pa farmer
zhing sbyang sbyang
sbyong sbyangs sbyongs {C}ketra-odh purify

a land; purify a [Buddha] field
zhing sbyong
sbyang
sbyong sbyangs sbyongs {C}ketra-odh purify
a land; purify a [Buddha] field
zhing yongs su dag pa
{MSA,MV}ketra-pariuddhi; {MSA}ketrapariodhana pure land; pure [Buddha] field
zhing yongs su sbyong ba
{MSA}ketra-pariodhana thoroughly purify a

land; thoroughly purify a [Buddha] field
zhib tu {LCh}vistarea in detail

zhib tu dpyad analyze in detail{BJ
zhib tu ma phye bar without
distinguishing in detail
zhing ka field (agricultural)

zhing bkod pa
dgod god bkod god {C}ketra-vyha create/set/

array a [Buddha] field {C}harmonious Buddhafield
zhib par detail; finely; in detail

zhib mo {L}skma subtle; fine
zhib mo brtags pa
brtag rtog brtags rtags {C}skm-nipu

{C}subtle and delicate
zhib mo rnam thag vaidalya-stra
Ngrjunas Treatise Called The Finely Woven

(P. 5225, vol. 95)
unsurpassed pure land
ketra-viuddhi very pure land
48.5}
present and past participle; (2) field; ground;

province; sphere; (3) connective particle;
sometimes accompanying particle: and; or
{PH}field
zhing dag ketra-uddhi pure land

zhing dag bla na med pa
zhing rnam par dag pa {MSA}
645
zhib mo rnam
par thag pa zhes bya bai mdo vaidalya-stranma Ngrjunas Treatise Called The Finely
Woven (P. 5225, vol. 95)
2. melt; drip
zhu dag {PH}editing

zhu ba {L}pranam; {L}paripcchati offer;
zhib mo dpyad na detailed analysis
receive; melt; digest; question; ask a question;

asked; entreated
{GD:556} analysis pushed to its ultimate

conclusion
zhib tsam
{PH}(in) some detail

zhib tsam dir bris; I have written [about
them] here in some detail. {GCG} p.15
zhim {C}prata fragrant; pleasant smelling;
pleasant tasting {C}sweet; (most) sublime; good

to eat; fine; exalted; superior
zhim pa prata fragrant; pleasant
zhu ba zhus pa asked; entreated{S}

zhu mar lamp
zhu rag gi bsam pa {PH}intention
of asking
zhug
zhug jug zhugs/

zhugs/ enter; go into; engage
smelling; pleasant tasting sweet; (most)

sublime; good to eat; fine; exalted; superior
zhugs
sugandha equal fragrant odor
zhugs te
zhug jug zhugs

zhugs {C}prasthita; {C}samprasthita; {C}panna
enter; go into; approach {C}set out for; won
zhim pai dri mnyam pa sama-
zhug jug
zhugs zhugs {C}sthihitva (=sthitv) having
entered; having engaged in {C}having abided;
having stood
zhim pai dri mi mnyam pa

visama-sugandha unequal fragrant odor
zhim pai sbyar byung gi dri
zhugs nas
zhug
jug zhugs zhugs {C}avatrya having entered;
having engaged in

syogikasugandha fragrant manufactured
odor
zhugs gnas
zhug
jug zhugs zhugs approacher(s) and abider(s)
zhim pai lhan skyes kyi dri

sahaja-sugandha fragrant natural odor
zhim po {MSA}ma fragrant; pleasant
Divisions:
smelling; pleasant tasting
zhu
zhu / zhu / zhus / zhus -
dbye ba/ 1 dang 2/ rgyun zhugs zhugs pa dang

bras gnas/ 3 dang 4/ phyir ong zhugs pa dang
bras gnas/ 5 dang 6/ phyir mi ong zhugs pa dang
bras gnas/ 7 dang 8/ dgra bcom zhugs pa dang
bras gnas/ Divisions: (1,2) approacher and abider
in the fruit of a Stream Enterer; (3,4) approacher
and abider in the fruit of a Once Returner; (5,6)
approacher and abider in the fruit of a Never
Returner; (7,8) approacher and abider in the fruit of
a Foe Destroyer
offer, receive, ask; bzhu / ju / bzhus / zhu - melt;

drip {T} 1. offer; receive; question; ask a
question; request; request and receive
zhugs pa
zhug jug
zhugs zhugs {LCh}panna; {C,MSA}pratipanna;
646
{C}abhiprasthita; {C}anupravia; {MSA}via
(e.g.: amvia); {MSA,MV}pravia {MSA}
(e.g.: bhvankra-pravia); {MSA}nivia; {L}
pravea; {C}prasthita; {C}prasta; {C}avatarati;
{MV}avatra; {MV}avatra; {C}pravtta;
approacher; enter; go into; approach; engage
in {C}set out; well set out; enter into; enter
together with; compare with; has been undertaken;
progressed; have practiced; filled with; engaged in;
streamed forth; intent on; set out for; compare with;
entrance; introduction; take place; activity; enters (
zhugs pai sgom pa
pravia-bhvan meditation of an approacher

{T}
zhugs pai gnas
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {MV}avatrvasth level

of an approacher {T}
zhugs par gyur
zhugs me mu ze
{PH}melted
bai r zhun mai mtsho an ocean of melted
Lapis Lazuli Thuu-bkwan, Garden poem; Tracy
Howard
zhum
jum jums zhum

zhums {C}avalyate slackness; discouragement;
become weak/timid/cowardly; flat {C}become
cowed; be cast down; hide despondently in; does
(not) despond; (not) cowed
jum jums
zhum zhums {C}avalna; {C}lyati; {MSA}laya;

{MSA,MV}lna; {C}vida (=vivda) slackness;
become slack/weak/timid/cowardly {PH}timid
{C}cowed; weariness; dejection; get cowed
zhum pa che {PH}very timid

zhum pa dang rgod pa
zhum
pai gnyen po ting nge dzin gyi rnam pa bsgom

sgoms {MSA}laya-prtipakika-samdhy-krabhvana meditate on the aspects of meditative
stabilization as an antidote to slackness
zhum pai sems {C}lna-citto; {MSA}
lna-cittat discouraged/slack mind {C}cowed

in thought
zhum pai sems med
jum jums zhum zhums {C}adna-
jum jums zhum zhums {C}sasdati is/became

discouraged/slack/weak/timid/cowardly {C}
lose heart; become despondent; collapse
zhum par gyur

jum jums zhum zhums {C}avalyate become/
be slack/discouraged {C}become cowed; be cast
down; hide despondently in
zhum par byed

jum jums zhum zhums {C}sasdati make
discouraged/slack/weak/timid/cowardly {C}
lose heart; become despondent; collapse
zhum bu {PH}cat
zhum med jum jums
zhum zhums {C}adna not slack/discouraged/
weak/timid/cowardly {C}unimpaired;
undejected
zhus
zhu / zhu / zhus / zhus
- to offer, receive, ask; bzhu / ju / bzhus / zhu - to

melt, digest {T} {C}paripcchati offer; receive;
jum jums zhum zhums {MSA}
jum jums zhum zhums {MSA}laybhva; {C}

anavalna; {C}adna; {C}asakucitatva nonslackness; non-discouragement {C}undejected;
unimpaired; uncowed; not arched
zhum par gyur
zhug jug zhugs zhugs match(hon.)
zhum pa
zhum pa med pa
citto non-discouraged/non-slack mind {C}

undejected in his mind
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C}pratipanno bhavet

enter; go into; approach; engage in {C}should
find oneself in
zhun ma melted
layauddhatya slackness and excitement
647
ask; request; request and receive {C}asks
questions; questions; hopes that; enquires whether
zhus dag pa {PH}editor

zhus pa zhu/ zhu/ zhus/
zhus/ {C}paripcchati; {MSA}paiprcch (e.g.:

Brahma-paripcch-stra) offer; receive; ask;
request; request and receive {C}asks questions;
questions; hopes that; enquires whether
zhus tshig {PH}question

zhe gras pai sems {C}
non-conception {C}uncowed
zhen gzhi referent
{C}harsh; harsh speech
zhe thag the depths

zhe dang dvea hatred
zhe drag very
zhe sdang {C,L,MSA,MV}dvea; {C}doa;
form and so forth being a referent of a conceptual

consciousness
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}doa generate

anger; generate hatred {C}hatred; defect
zhe sdang med pa advea non-hatred

zhe na iti cet if it is asked; if someone asks; if
one adheres to ...{BJ 21.3} thus
zhe log [disposition-reverse]; revulsion;

nausea
zhen {C}vimati adherence; determination;
zhen yul {LCh}adhyavasya;
*adhyavasya-viaya conceived object; referent

object; determining; determined object
{GD:635} conceived object
bdag dzin gyi zhen yul referent object of the
conception of self
gzugs sogs rtog pai zhen yul yin pa a
forms being a conceived object of a conceptual
consciousness
Definitions:
mtshan
nyid/ rang gi dzin stangs kyi gtso bor beyd pai bols
zhen pas rig par bya Definition: that [object] which

is cognized upon being conceived by a mind which
takes it as its main mode of apprehension. {Gorams-pa-bsod-nams-sen-ge, GD:635}
zhen rig adhyavasya-savid;
conception; attachment {C}consider
*adhyavasya-savedana conceptual knower;

determining knower; determinative knower
{GD:532} mode of
zhen sa thing conceived{BJ 81.1}

zher debs pa
conception
zhen pa {C}alna; {MSA}lna; {MSA}

gzugs sogs rtog pai zhen gzhi yin pa
{C}roa [disposition-hate];hatred; anger; rage

{C}aversion; defect; fury
lola; {MSA}lhag par zhen pa = adhyavasna;

adhyavasya adherence; determination;
conception; attachment {C}cling(ing) to;
hanging on to mngon
brjod rjod brjod rjod {GD:434}
zhen pa med {C}alno non-adherence;
zhe gcod pa {C}parua; {C}pruya
zhen stangs
zhen pa brjod bya
conceived objects of signification; {GD:297}the

conceptualized signified object
pratihata(-citt) {C}of emnity; hostile
zhe sdang bskyed
par zhen pai dbang gis through the force of

conceiving ... tha mal
gyi zhen pai gnyen por as an antidote to the
conception of ordinariness{TGP 24}
de drai
kun btags rang gi mtshan nyid kyis grub par zhen
pai rtog pa the conception which adheres to such
an imputation{DASI}
gdab debs btab thobs strike
zhes {C}iti; {L}tath; {C}gaurava thus;
particle indicating quote {C}respect; dignity; a
648
yogurt
title to be respected
zhes grags {M-W; Tattvasamgraha}(iti-
zho thung Sho-thung

zho shas tsho ba dag wage-
ha) aitihya {PH}renown through tradition
zhes bgyi
bgyi bgyid
earners (this may refer to paid soldiers)
zhog
bgyis gyis (quote indicator)
gzhag jog bzhag
zhes pa iti quote indicator: thus

zhog posit
zhes pa brjod nas zhog cig {C}tihatu
brjod rjod brjod rjod spoke thus:
zhes bya {MSA}ity ucyate (e.g.: bodhisattva

ity ucyate) quote indicator: thus
zhes bya na {C}sajaka quote
zhes bya ba iti; {C,MSA,MV}khya {MSA}

(e.g.: pratibimbkhya); {C}kra; {MV 1.7}ucyate;
{MV 3.22abc v}jeya; {MSA}di zhes bya ba
= eva nm quote indicator: thus {C}
proclaimed; syllable; with (great) effort; thus it is
said; said to be; styled thus
gzhag
gzhag jog bzhag
zhog {MSA}(upa dh): upadhya; {MV}(vy-ava

sth): vyavasthpyate posit; establish
gzhag pa {L}sthpanya posit; establish;

established place; store; affix; deposit
zhes bya bai phyir {MV 3.21}iti ktv

because it says ... {T}
zhes byao {MV 1.7}ucyate; {MV 3.22abc v}

jeya quote indicator: thus
zhes byar quote indicator: thus

zhes byung ba {PH}[quotation
gzhan {LCh,C,L,MSA,MV}para;
{LCh,MSA,C}anya; {C}apara; {MSA}parakya;

{MV}anyatva other; another {C}the other;
foreign; beyond; further; supreme; outshines them
all; utmost; any other; this side; later; this; the
second; {GD:515} other (as opposed to self, dngos)
gzhan skye production from other

gzhan
gang yang rung ba dang gzhan gang yang rung ba

{C}anyatarnyataram {C}from one to the other;
one or the other; one after another; in all kinds of
marker]
zhes byung bai phyir
vacant because it says ... {T}
zhes ming du {C}sajta (=sakhyta)

{C}reckoned as; be called
zhes zer pa quote indicator

zho yogurt
zho krog {PH}solid yogurt
zhon nas {C}ruhitva {C}(sur)mounted

zhon pa bzhon/
zhon/ bzhond/ zhond/ {MSA}rha mount; ride

{T}
indicator: thus {C}what is called; one acts as;

one speaks of
o ma zhor gyur ba na when milk becomes
{C}not only that;

but; leave out (of it); even if; leave that alone
gzhan gyi rkyen gyis gro ba

{C}para-pratyaya-gmitva {C}the fact that he
goes for help to outsiders
gzhan gyi rgyud {MSA}para-satna

other continuum(s)
gzhan gyi dngos po {C}para-bhva

other thing; other-being {C}other-being
649
gzhan gyi dngos po stong
gzhan gyi
pa nyid other-entity emptiness (emptiness of

other entities)
sdug bsngal skye bas shin tu jigs {MSA}paradukhotpdane tibhru very afraid due to the
arising of suffering in others
gzhan gyi stobs kyis byung

arise through the power of other [conditions]
{BJ 33.2}
gzhan gyi don {MSA}parrtha others

welfare {T}
gzhan gyi don
sgrub pa phun sum tshogs pa

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}parrthapratipatti-sapatti marvel of accomplishing
others welfare {T}
gzhan gyi rnam par rig pa

para-vijapti other-cognition
gzhan gyi phyir {MSA}para-hetu

because of others
gzhan gyi phyogs sun byin
{MSA}para-paka-daa disbelieve the other
position {T}
for the sake of others
gzhan gyi dbang {TN,MSA,MV}
gi don yin pa {MSA}para-krya-sva-kryatva

others welfare is ones own welfare {T}
gzhan gyi dbang gi ngo
gzhan gyi don du {MSA}parrtha
gzhan gyi don ni rang
gzhan gyi don phyir {MSA}

parrtham for the sake of others
gzhan gyi dring jog pa {C}
paratantra other-powered; other-powered

phenomenon; other-powered nature
bo nyid {MSA}paratantra-svabhva; {MSA}

paratantra ... svabhva entityness of the otherpowered (nature) {PH}entityness of the otherpowered (nature)
gzhan gyi dbang gi
para-praeyo {C}can be misled by others
gzhan gyi dring mi jog {C}
apara-praeya {C}others cannot lead him astray;

not led astray by others
gzhan gyi dring mi jog pa
{C}apara-praeyat; {MSA}aparapratyaya {C}a

state where he cannot be led astray by others
gzhan gyi dring la smi jog

pa {C}apara-praeyat {C}a state where he
cannot be led astray by others
gzhan gyi gdams
gdam doms gdams doms {L}para-
mtshan nyid {MSA}paratantra-lakaa; {MSA}

paratantrasya lakaa other-powered
character {PH}other-powered nature
gzhan gyi dbang ni yongs su shes par bya ba dang

spang ba spang spong spangs
spongs {MV}paratantrasya parijne prahe ca
other-powered [natures] should be known and
abandonned {T}
gzhan gyi sbyin pa la sogs

pa {MV}paradndi giving to others, etc.
gzhan gyi gzhi other based; otherbase
upadea advice/instruction/counsel/preceptual
instruction/advisory speech/exhortation for
others; anothers advice...
gzhan gyis mchod
bral ba {MSA}parasajpagama free from the

conceptions of others
gzhan gyis dring la smi
gzhan gyi du shes dang

650
par dod pa {MSA}avamna-kmat; {MSA}

avamnbhila asserted as supreme by others
? {T}
gzhan stong paranyat emptiness-
jog pa {C}apara-praeyat {C}a state where

he cannot be led astray by others
gzhan gyis gnod pa bye ba
{C}paropakrami harmed by others {C}as a

result of hostile interferences from the outside
gzhan gyis byas {MSA}anya-krita

done by others
gzhan gyis mi thub pa {PU}
of-other; emptiness of the other

gzhan stong rtag brtan g.yung
drung ther zug [it is] an emptiness of the other
permanent, stable, eternal, and everlasting
gzhan stong
rtag brtan g.yung drung ther zug emptiness of the

otherpermanent, stable, eternal, everlasting
gzhan dag others{LG}

ajayya {PH}Aparajita
gzhan grags para-siddha other
gzhan dag gis gzhig par bya ba; gzhan gyis gzhig
nus pa susceptible to destruction by others
approved
gzhan grags kyi rjes dpag
gzhan dag na re if others say: {BJ
parasiddhnumna other-approved inference;

other-renowned inference
36.2}
gzhan grags kyi rtags
gzhan dag la ni zas byin
gzhan grags kyi sbyor ba
gzhan dag la sbyin pa {MV}
pa {MSA}parem bhojana dadat give

nourishment to others {T}
parasiddhaliga other-approved reason; otherrenowned reason

parasiddhaprayoga other-approved/established/
renowned syllogism
gzhan gyur
gyur
gyurd gyur gyurd anyath-bhva; aniyata
changeable [mental] factor; changing; changing
into something else
parebhyo dna giving to others {T}
gzhan du {C,MV}anyath; {MSA}amutra;
{MV}apara puna; {MV}anyatra; {MV}nati(?)

otherwise
gzhan du gyur pa {MSA}parvtti;
{MSA}vikra change; transform; become other
gzhan du gyur ba
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {MSA}anyath-
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 gnyid/ 2 gyod pa/ 3 rtog pa/ 4 dpyod
pa/ Divisions: (1) sleep (middha); (2) contrition
(kauktya); (3) investigation (vitarka); (4) analysis
(vicra)
bhva; {C}anyathtva (cittasya); {C}sthitasyaanyathtva; {MSA,MV}anyatva changeable

[mental] factor; change; transform; become
other {C}alteration; change his mind; alteration
of what is established
gzhan rgyud others continuums

gzhan ngo {PH}anothers perspective
gzhan du gyur ba
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}anyathtva
gzhan rjes su dzin pas
(cittasya) become other than; transformation;
dga ba gzung dzin bzung
zungs {MSA}parnugraha-prti joy through
taking care of others {T}
gzhan rten can {MSA}parraya
alteration {C}changes his mind
gzhan du gro {C}antara-gati

which goes to any
having another basis
651
{C}
gzhan du drang dgos pao
must be interpreted otherwise; must be
interpreted as [something] other [than what is
literally taught]{BJ 29.5}
power]; other powered (phenomena); other

powered nature; having the influence of another;
that which is under the influence of what is
other; the dependent; other-powered; otherpowered [nature]; dependent nature; dependent
phenomenon
gzhan du na otherwise
gzhan dus khor alternative
gzhan
Klacakra
gzhan don parrtha others welfare;
dbang gi ngo bo nyid; gzhan dbang gi rang bzhin

paratantrasvabhva other-powered nature
anothers purpose; anothers welfare
gzhan don gyi yon tan qualities gzhan dbang gi chos nyid
real nature of other-powered natures; noumenon

of other-powered natures
for others welfare
gzhan don rjes dpag parrtha-
gzhan dbang gi steng
anumna inference for another
gi chos nyid real nature that is with its otherpowered nature; noumenon that is with its otherpowered nature
gzhan bdang paratantra otherpowered phenomenon
gzhan bde bas
bde ba nyams su myong ba {MSA}para-saukhyena

sukhnubhava experience happiness due to the
happiness of others
gzhan sde rnams other schools;

something else
gzhan pai don meaning of something

else
gzhan phan gyi thabs techniques

of altruism
(phenomena); other powered nature; having the

influence of another; that which is under the
influence of what is other; the dependent
gzhan dbang du gyur

pai sgo nas by way of coming under the
influence ...
gzhan dbang du du ba
gzhan phrul dbang byed
gzhan dbang la chos bdag sgro btags pai sgro

dogs tshul mode of superimposition of the self
of phenomena on other-powered natures
para-nirmita-vaavartin Those Who Make Use

of Others Emanations; Land of Controlling
Others Emanations; Heaven of Controlling
Others Emanations {PH}[Heaven of]
Controlling Others Emanations (sixth of the six
Desire Realm Heavens)
paratantrasvabhva other-powered natures
gathering others into your own power
bod snga ma dang gzhan phyogs
gzhan dbang {MV}paratantra [other-
gzhan dbang gi rang bzhin

[other-power-possessing]; other powered
gzhan pa {C}apara other; another;
earlier Tibetans and other quarters
paratantralakaa other-powered character
gzhan dbang can {MSA}paratantra
other sects
gzhan phyogs other quarters
gzhan dbang gi mtshan nyid
gzhan ma yin {C}ananya not other;

non-other {C}unaltering; no other
gzhan ma yin pa {MV}ananyath

not other; non-other
652
gzhan min {MSA}na ... anyath; {MV}
ananyth not other{BJ 38.1}; non-other
who deprecates others
gzhan mu stegs can {C}anya-
gzhan la rag las med {C}
trthika other Forder
apara-pratyaya {C}not conditioned by anyone

else
gzhan med {C}ananya not other; nonother {C}unaltering; no other
gzhan smod pa {C}para-pasan; {C}

para-pasanat {C}depreciation of others
gzhan zhig {C}anyatara; {MSA}anya

another; some; other
gzhan yang {C}kim ca api; {C}jtu; {C}
param [other also]; furthermore; moreover;

besides {C}but if; although; ever [na jtu = never
again]; the highest
gzhan yang in addition to; moreover

gzhan yin {C}apara is other; other;
gzhan las nges
{PH}[valid cognition
for which] ascertainment induced by another
{GD:506} externally valid cognition
gzhan las nges kyi tshad
ma parata prmya; paratoniyama prmya

prime cognizer for which ascertainment is
induced by another {GD:733} externally
ascertaining valid cognition

dbye ba/ 1 snang ba rang las
Divisions:
nges kyi tshad ma/ 2 bden pa gzhan las nges kyi

tshad ma/ Divisions: (1) prime cognizer for which
ascertainment is induced by another with respect
to the appearance; (2) prime cognizer for which
ascertainment is induced by another with respect to
the truth
another
gzhan rig anya-savedana otherknower
gzhan las rtogs pai phyir
gzhan la ji tsam bad kyang

{MSA}parato bodht due to realization from
another
no matter how much one strives otherwise
gzhan la brnyas pa {C}para-
gzhan las thos nas {MV}parata
avaja {C}deprecation of others
gzhan la gnod pa {MSA}
rutv having heard from another
paropatpin harm others; harmer of others
gzhan la gnod par byed pa

{MSA}paropaghta harmer of others; harming
others
gzhan la phan {MSA}para-hita-karaa

altruism; helping others
gzhan la phan pa {LCh,MSA}para-
gzhan las ma thos par {MV}

arutv parata not hearing from another
gzhan lugs others systems

gzhan lugs dgag pa refutation
of others systems; refutation of others systems
gzhan sems shes

pai mngon shes para-citta-jna-abhij
clairvoyance of knowing others minds
hita altruism; helping others
gzhan la mi smod {L}aparapasaka; gzhan sel

{C}pasaka one who does not deprecate others
{C}one who deprecates
gzhan la smod {L}para-pasaka one

653
bsal
sel bsald seld {LCh}anypoha; apoha other

exclusion; other-eliminator; exclusion-of-theother
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 ma yin dgag gi gzhan sel/
2 med dgag gzhan sel/ Divisions: (1) affirming
negative other-eliminator; (2) non-affirming
negative other-eliminator
gzhan sel bai spyi
bsal sel bsald seld {GD:401} negative
universals
gzhan ... gzhan {C}anya ... anyas

{C}in one way ... in another way
gzhal
gzhal/
gzhi ka dag od gsal chen

po basal essentially pure great clear light
gzhi kun rdzob pa conventional base

gzhi kha {PH}district officer
gzhi grub {N}raya-siddhi; vastu; *vastusiddha established base; existent base {PH}
established base
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ tshad mas grub pa/ Def.:
established by valid cognition (or: established by
a valid cognizer); GCT has: tshad mas dmigs pa,
observed by valid cognition]
jal/ bcal/ jald/ {C}meya to comprehend;

comprehension; flow to{LRC} {C}measure;
what is measured
gzhal ba
lakya; sthpana; bhva base; foundation;

locus; phenomenon; basis; ground {PH}
basis; referent; [writing] surface; bark {C}root;
fudamental; storehouse; word; step; foot
gdags pai gzhi basis of designation
gzhal/ jal/ bcal/ jald/ flow to{LRC};

comprehend; comprehension
dbye ba/ 1 rtag pa/ 2 dngos po//
Divisions:
gzhal bya {LCh}prameya; {C}meya
object of comprehension {C}measure; what

is measured; {GD:92} object of understanding
Definitions: mtshan
nyid/ tshad mas rtogs par bya ba/ Definition: object
of comprehension by a valid cognizer
yang na/ 1 gcig 2 tha dad// yang na/ 1 yin pa srid

pai shes ba/ 2 yin pa mi srid pai shes bya// yang
na/ 1 dgag pa/ 2 sgrub pa// yang na/ 1 dge ba/ 2
mi dge ba/ 3 lung du ma bstan pa// yang na/ 1
rang mtshan/ 2 s Div.: (1) permanent phenomena;
(2) functioning things; or: (1) one; (2) different;
or: (1) object of knowledge whose occurrence is
possible; (2) object of knowledge whose occurrence
is impossible; or: (1) negative phenomenon; (2)
positive phenomenon; or:
gzhal byai bdag nyid

{GD:738} nature; identity
gzhal med khang {C}vimna;
*amtragha inestimable mansion; mansion

{C}car (?)
gzhal med khang chen {C}maha- gzhi grub pa {N}raya-siddhi; vastu

vimo great inestimable mansion {C}great
and immense
{PH}being an established base
gzhi ga zhig some bases{BJ 15.5}
gzhi chos kyi bdag med thos bsam gyis gtan
gzhal yas khang {LCh}vimna;

sumtragha [measure-lacking-house];
inestimable mansion; fabulous mansion
gzhas {PH}play; folk song

gzhi {MSA,MV}dhra; {MSA,MV}vastu;
la bebs pa delineating the selflessness of

phenomena by hearing and thinking in the basal
state
gzhi chos nyid fundamental
{MSA}vastutas; {MV}vastutva; {N}adhikaraa;

{TN}mla; {TN}laya; {C}vilaya; {L,MSA}
pada; {MSA,MV}nidna; {MSA}mtshan gshi =
noumenon
654
gzhi mchog {MSA}vastu ... parama
investigation
supreme basis
gzhi ji bzhin pa {C}ythsastarika
shes {PH}basic equalizing wisdom
(=yath sastra-karpata-dau ayand) literal

basis; actual base {PH}literal basis; actual base
{C}one who sleeps at night wherever he may
happen to be
gzhi rten basis{Gn-chok}
gzhi dus mnyam nyid ye
gzhi dus sor rtog ye shes

{PH}basic wisdom of individual investigation
gzhi des na {L}tan-nidnt on account

of that basis; because of that basis
{PH}basis;
gzhi don dam chos nyid kyi
foundation
gzhi thams cad all bases

gzhi mthun samndhikaraa ;
sku basal ultimate body of the noumenon
samndhibaraa common locus

gzhi mthun srid pa gang
zhig khyad pa sgo brgyad nges pa firstly, there is
a possible common locus; and the eight doors of
pervasion are established [definition of synonymous
(don gcig, ekrtha)]
gzhi mthun pa samndhikaraa;
gzhi ldog
ldog ldog
ldogs ldogs vyatirekdhikaraa illustrationisolate; illustration simpliciter
gzhi nas {C}punar {C}again

gzhi gnas {L}adhikaraa topic; basis;
base dispute; chapter; section
gzhi gnas dang
ye shes yangs pa thob bya

thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}amathajna-vaipulya-gamana attain calm abiding and
extensive wisdom; {T} one should attain calm
abiding and extensive wisdom
samna-adhikaraa common locus
gzhi mthun par dmigs pa
dmigs dmigs dmigs

dmigs observed as a common locus
gzhi mthun mi srid pai chos gzhi rnam shes {TN}laya-vijna

(1) it is different; (2) a phenomenon with which
a common locus is impossible
gzhi dag pa {MSA}uddha-pada pure

basis
gzhi dang bcas pa {MSA}sanidna

with a basis; based; having a basis
gzhi dus kyi bya grub ye
shes {PH}basic wisdom of achieving activities
gzhi dus kyi me long ye shes

{PH}basic mirror-like wisdom
gzhi dus kyi ye shes
{PH}basic
gzhi snang basal appearances

gzhi bras ngo bo dbyer med
the undifferentiable entity of basis and effect
gzhi ma {N}adhikaraa; {N}dhra

basis{N}
gzhi med {C}apada baseless; groundless

{C}trackless; without a trace
gzhi med pa {C}avastukat baseless;

groundless {C}trackless; absence of entities;
without a trace
gzhi med pa la gnas pa {C}
wisdom
gzhi dus kyi sor rtog
lna (=abhinivia) abide in baselessness; abide

in the baseless {C}slack; unable to slouch (on
ye shes {PH}basic wisdom of individual
mind-basis-of-all storehouse-consciousness
655
any resting place); cowed; sluggishness
gzhi yin pa {C}pratih basis; being a

basis; is a base; is a basis {C}support; source
gzhi la bkar ba
dgar dgar bkar dgard if this is tied down to a

basis{BJ 65.1}
objective referent
gzhii mtshan ma raya-nimitta

cause of the basis
gzhii od gsal dhra-
gzhi la mi mkhas {MV}vastv-
prabhsvara; raya-prabhsvara basal clear

light; basic clear light
akauala not wise with respect to the basis; not

wise with respect to bases
gzhi lam bras gsum
gzhii de nyid suchness of bases

gzhii don {ASA} pratibh {PH}
{PH}the
three: bases; paths; and fruits
gzhu {C}dhanus {C}bow; cow

gzhug gzhug jug bcug
chug 1. indicates causative construction; 2.
engage; apply; enter into; usher into
gzhi shes vastujat; vastujna knower
gzhug pa {MSA}avatraa cause;
of bases; knowledge of bases; exalted knower of

bases
gzhi shes sbyor ba
engage; enter into; usher into
gzhug pa ldem dgongs indirect
vastujnaprayoga training in knowers of

bases
intention of causing entry
gzhi shes sbyor bai ngo gzhug pa la ldem
por dgongs pa avatranbhisadhi indirectly

intending entry; intending entry
bo nyid bzhi four essentials of a training in a

knower of bases
essential of isolation from the afflictions (nyon

mongs las dben pai ngo bo nyid), essential of
the nonexistence of assumptions of bad physical
states that are signs of afflictions (nyon mongs
kyi rtags lus kyi gnas ngan len med pai ngo bo
nyid), essential of the nonexistence of improper
[mental application], the [causal] mark of afflictions
(nyon mongs kyi mtshan ma tshul bzhin min pa
med pai ngo bo nyid), and essential of isolation
from conceptions of [truly existent] adopting and
discarding (blang dor gyi rnam rtog gis dben pai
ngo bo nyid)
gzhig vibhvan; vina break down

gzhig pa {C}vibhvan (=nih-mrga
kaya-anutpda-jnam); {L,MV}vina break

down; breaking down; destruction annihilation;
undone; clear understanding; undevelopment
gzhii lta ba
blta lta
bltas ltos view of the basal state
656
gzhugs pa la
ldem por dgongs pa intending entry [into the

teaching]
gzhung {LCh}grantha text; central;
government {PH}government; lengthwise
gzhung khungs thub reliable source

gzhung khrid textual instruction
gzhung brgya ldan a hundred texts
gzhung pa pa textual [Ka-dam-pa];
textual [lineage]; bookish lineage
gzhung phyi mo {N}grantha-mtk

model text{N}
gzhung tshad {PH}length of the text

gzhung bzang {PH}good character
gzhung lam highway
gzhom pa
gzhung lugs textual system; central

gzhung lugs pa
{PH}follower of the
textual system(s)
gzho present
gzhog pa {C}niveayati
gzhom
joms bcom choms destruction
text??
gzhom med
{PH}unconquerable;
invincible
gzhom med kyi sgra
gzhom joms bcom choms invincible sound
gzhol {C}nimna to flow {T}
{C}exhorts;
settles in
gzhog gzer {NOC} prvala
gzhol ba {L}nimna; {MSA}nata inclined
gzhogs {PH}side of the body

gzhogs gzer {NOC} prvala
to; low-lying; gap
bzhag
gzhag jog bzhag

zhog {C}prajapyate; {C}sthpayati; {MSA}
(upa-ni-vi dh) to posit; set; assign; establish;
put; designate [past tense] {C}is conceived; is
communicated; to place (in); discard; to store; affix;
to fix; deposits; to put up
{PH}pain in the sides of the chest
{C}
very soft; tender
gzhon nu {C,MSA}kumra young
{PH}
young {C}royal prince rgyal
po gzhon nu don grub the young prince Siddhrtha
{TGP 18}
gzhon nu nor bzang
{C}inclined
to; low-lying; gap
{PH}
pain in the sides of the chest
gzhon {C;MSA}kumra {PH}young

gzhon cha chags {C}tarua
{PH}Kumra
Sudhana
gzhon nu bum pai sku encased

in a young body
gzhon nur gyur pa {C}kumra-bhta

is young; young {C}(a true) crownprince; a
candidate to Buddhahood
gzhon pa {MSA}bla; {C}tarua young
bzhag cing {C}nikipan positing;

setting; assigning; designating
bzhag nas {C}dhya having posited;
having arranged; having set; having established;

having designated
bzhag pa
gzhag jog
bzhag zhog {C}nikipati (=ptayati) to posit;

set; assign; establish; put; designate; present
[past tense]; presentation{D2} {PH}deposit
{C}is conceived; let drop; put down; throw down;
lays aside; stay; remain; wear; is communicated; to
place (in); discard; to store; affix; to fix; deposits; to
put up
bzhag pai tshe when posited; when
{C}very soft; tender
set; when put; when assigned
gzhon sha can nyid {C}sukumrat bzhag par bya ba {C}prakipati

youthfulness; youthful; youth {C}(fresh and
delicate) like that of a beautiful youth
object posited; posit; set; assign; designate;
establish {C}adds on to cause
gzhon sha chags youthfully tender

gzhom gzhom joms
bcom choms {MSA}nyon mongs tshogs gzhom =
klea-gaa hantu (han) destruction
657
bzhags tsam merely posited

bzhad gad {C}hsya {C}joke
bzhad gad byed cing {C}upahasan
bzhu
bzhu/ ju/ bzhus/

zhu/ offer; receive; melt; digest
{C}deriding
bzhad mo laugh
bzhi {MSA}catur; {MSA}catvri four
bzhi mdo {PH}four-way crossroads
bzhi mdor four-way crossroads{S}
bzhi pa {MSA,MV}caturtha {MSA}(e.g.:
bzhugs {C}viharati dwell; reside; live;

stay; sit [past tense stem]
bzhugs gral {PH}seated ranks

bzhugs te {C}vitihamna dwelling;
residing; living; staying; sitting {C}during
bzhugs pa {C}sthita; {MSA}vasati (e.g.:
dhyna-caturtha); {MV}caturth fourth; four
bzhi po {MV}catur; {MV}catuaya four;

fourth
bzhin {C}sada; {C}mukha (=rami-
tuita-bhavane vasati) dwell; reside; live; stay;

sit [past tense stem] {C}established; stood firm;
stand (just now); standing; abide; abiding; steadfast;
established remains; continuous
mukha); {MSA}prakhya (e.g.: krma-prakhya)

(verb ending indicating continuing action)7 in
accordance with; like; as in; as; similarly; while7
noun: face {PH}face {C}just like; similar to;
face; mouth; door
[She] awoke and on her lap was a child
with a nice face {GZ 65b.4}
bzhus
{C}features
bzhengs te {C}vyutthya rising; erecting
bzhin gyi mdog {C}mukha-var
bzhin gyi mdog kyang
bzhin du {L,MSA}yath; {C}tulya as; like;
similarly; while; in accordance with nature;

{C}thus; comparable; equal; similar to; as if it were
just
bzhin pa like; particle indicating present
bzheng /
bzheng / bzhengs/ bzhengs/ to rise; erect
bzhengs
bzheng / bzheng / bzhengs/ bzhengs/ vyutthya to

rise; erect
bzhengs pa
bzheng / bzheng / bzhengs/ bzhengs/ {C}vyutthya

to rise; erect {C}emerged from
bzhed {LCh,C}iyate; {C}ia; {C}abhimata;
{C}mata; {MSA}abhipreta assert; wish; want;

desire; accept; take; say; intend {C}considered;
admitted; desired; is considered; is regarded; can be
desired; learned; learn of; known; is understood
bzhed pa {MV}iccha assert; wish; want;
continuous; similarly; while; in accordance with

{PH}[verbal post-positional phrase indicating
present participle or continuative]
Since something in the
process of arising (jyamna) is [only] half-arisen,
something in the process of arising does not arise.
desire; accept; take; say {PH}accepted position
bzhes to take up; put on (hon.)

bzhes thag cigarette
bzhon bzhon/ zhon/
{A4C} 15.16ab
bzheng
{C}emerged from
gyur bas gyur gyurd gyur

gyurd {C}dahyati {C}burns away; will be
consumed
bzhin lag {PH}face and hands

bzhir catur as four
bzhu/ ju/ bzhus/

zhu/ offer; receive; melt; digest
bzhond/ zhond/ mount [noun and verb]
658
bzhon pa {C,MSA}yna mount
{PH}
mount; coach; carriage {C}vehicle; career; coach
bzhon par gyur
pai shin tu phra bai gnyug rlung The very subtle
fundamental wind which serves as the mount, ...
{TGP 30}
bskyed mind-generation like mount
zag pa {C}srava contamination
{C}
outflows; state with outflows
[contamination-having]; contaminated;
contaminated thing
bza/ za/ bzas/ zos/
zag pa dang bcas pa {L}
food; to eat
za khang [food-house]; restaurant

za sgo {PH}share of allowance
za dod pa {C}bhakitukma {C}wants
ssrava [contamination-having]; contaminated;

contaminated thing
zag pa dang bcas pai

dngos po {MV}ssrava vastu contaminated
thing
to eat
zag pa dang bcas pai
za po {BMH} bhokt {PH}enjoyer; gluttony

za ba bza/ za/ bzas/
dag pa {MSA}ssrava-uddhi purification of

contamination
zag pa med uncontaminated

zag pa med chos {C}ansrava
zos/ {MSA}(bhuj): bhujat; {MV}bhokt(tva)

eat; food
za ba po {MSA}bhokt eater
za ma aha androgynous; neuter; neuter
uncontaminated phenomenon {C}without

outflows
person
mdo za ma tog bkod pa
{PH}Chest of Jewels Sutra (Karaavyha Stra)
za za {C}kravyda {C}flesh-eating ghost

za og phug {PH}Zaog (Brocade)
zag pa med pa {C,MSA}ansrava; {C}

nirsrava; {MSA}ansravatva uncontaminated
{C}without outflows
zag pa med pai dbyings
{MSA}ansrava-dhtu; {MSA}ansrava ... dhtu

uncontaminated realm
zag pa zad pa {C,MSA}ksrava;
Cave [n. of Milarepas cave]
zag bcas {L}ssrava [contamaination-
{MSA}srava-kaya extinction of contamination;

extinguished contamination {C}their outflows
exhausted; one whose outflows have dried up
having]; contaminated; tainted; contaminated

thing
zag bcas kyi las ssravakarma
zag pa zad pa nyid {MSA}srava-
contaminated action
kaya extinction of contamination
zag bcas sgom lam
zag par zad {C}srava-kaya
contaminated path of meditation
extinction of contamination
zag bcas thams
zag med ansrava [contamination-not-
cad sdug bsngal ba sarva-ssrava-duka all

contaminated things are miserable
contaminated{D2}; contaminated thing
zag pa bcas pa {L}ssrava
bzhon pa lta bui sems

za
zag bcas pa ssrava
exist]; uncontaminated; non-contaminated;

untainted; non-polluted
659
zag med kyi las uncontaminated
zangs bum tmra-ghaa a copper pot

zad dzad/ dzad/
actions
zag med sgom lam
uncontaminated path of meditation
zag med bden

pai rnam can gyi lam path having the
uncontaminated truths as its aspect
zag med dbyings {MSA}ansrava ...
dhtu; {MSA}amala ... dhtu (?) uncontaminated

realm
zag zad kyi mngon shes
zad/ zad/ {MV}kaya; {C}ka; {C}hyate;

{C}chedana; {MSA}kevala use up; exhaust;
consume; subsume; extinction; removal;
exhaustion; used up; exhausted; extinct;
extinguished; consumed; subsumed; [with
negative:] not only; inexhaustible {C}diminish;
is decreased; is diminished; fail; cut; cutting off;
wasted; dried up
zad gyur {MSA}(dru): dravate use up;

exhaust; consume; subsume; extinguish
zad drag pa
clairvoyance knowing that all defilements have

been extinguished
{PH}extremely weakened;
thoroughly exhausted
zang thal unhindered

zang zing {LCh,L,MSA}mia material
zad pa {C,MSA}kaya {C}(=utsarga); {MSA}
things; things; objects; disarranged; confused;

various things fleshly (things); material things;
matter
zang zing cung zad tsam
dod {C} mia-kicitka-abhilin desire mere

small things {C}one who is eager for trifling bits
of fleshly things
zang zing med pa {C,MSA}nirmia;

{MSA}anmia non-object; not disarranged;
unconfused; non-thing {C}free from selfinterest; disinterested; spiritual
ka; {C}kata; {C}ka; {C}kyate; {C}kapayati;

{MSA}sakaya; {C,MSA}ktsna; {MSA}vyaya
use up; exhaust; consume; subsume; extinguish;
exhaust; extinction; removal; exhaustion;
used up; exhausted; extinct; extinguished;
consumed; subsumed [with negative:] not only;
inexhaustible {C}diminish; is decreased; is
diminished; fail; cut; cutting off; wasted; dried up;
without; spent; stopped; all-consuming; device; get/
become extinct; get exhausted/extinguished; wane
away
zad pa dang bral ba {C}kaya-
apagata (=akaya-apagato) free from extinction

{C}extinction left behind
zang zing la chags pa {C}
zad pa med pa {C}akaya; {C}
miagddha attachment to things; attachment

to objects {C}greedy for fleshly things
zang zing lhur byed {C}mia-
guruka intent on things; intent on objects {C}

one who attaches weight to fleshly things
akayatva non-extinction; inexhaustible; not

exhausted; not used up; not consumed {C}
inextinguishable; unfailing; inextinguishability;
absence of extinction
zad pa shes pa {MSA}kaya-jna

zangs {LCh}tmra copper; brass
knowledge of extinction {T}
zangs ltar dmar po a microscopic zad par gyur {C}kyate become
organism/parasite called red like copper
zangs mdog {C}tmra(-vara) coppercolored; brass-colored
660
extinct; extinguish; use up; become exhausted;

exhaust; consume {C}wanes away
zad par gyur ba {C}kyate; {C}
kapayati (=kayayati = kapita = upahata);
kayya {MSA}savartate (e.g.: paratantrakayya savartate); {MSA}kayitva; {MSA}kayin
become extinct; extinguish; use up; become
exhausted; exhaust; consume {C}wanes away;
spend; wasted away by; annul
zad par bcu ten totalities

zad par bcui bdag nyid
{C}material object;
morsel of food
zab {C,LCh}gambhra; {C}gambhratva; {MSA}

gahana deep; profound {PH}deep; profound
{C}depth zab gsal
gnyis med kyi rnal byor yoga of the non-duality
of the profound and the manifest
zab cing rgya che thos pa
{MSA}gambhryaudrya-sarava profound and

extensive hearing
entities of the ten totalities
zad par ston pa
zan gong {C}pia
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}ktsna-deana

teach exhaustively {T}
zab cing rgya che ba {MSA}udra-
extinction; use up; exhaust; consume; subsume;

extinguish
zab cing
gambhra; {MSA,MV}gambhrodra profound

and extensive; {T} the profound and the vast
zad par bya ba {C}kaya object of
rgya che ba legs par bshad pai chos {MSA}

audrya-gmbhrya-sudeita ... dharma profound
and extensive well explained doctrines
zad pas jigs pa med pa
{MSA}kaya-nirbhayat unafraid of extinction
zad mi shes {MSA}akaya; {C}kyate

non-extinction; not exhausted; not used up
zad mi shes pa {MSA,C}akaya nonextinction; not exhausted; not used up {C}

inextinguishable; unfailing
zad mi shes pa dam pa {MV}
zad med {MSA}avayaya non-extinction;
zab cing rgya che bai
mtshan nyid {MSA}audrya-gmbhrya-lakaa

profound and extensive character
che legs par bshad pai chos {MSA}audryagmbhrya-sudeita ... dharma profound and
extensive well explained doctrines
non-exhaustion; not used up
zad shes {C}kyate extinguish; use up;
extinction; exhaust; cognize extinction {C}get/

away
zad shes pa {C}kaya; {C}kaya-jna
zab cing rgya cher bshad pa

{MSA}gmbhryaudrya-vda profound and
extensive explanation
zab nyid {C}gmbhrya just profound;

profundity; depth
extinguish; use up; extinction; exhaust; cognize

extinction; cognition of extinction {C}get/
away
zab don gambhrrtha the profound

meaning
zab pa {L,C,MSA}gambhra; {MSA}
{C}mouthful of
gmbhrya deep; profound
water
{MSA}udra ... gambhra ... dharma profound

and extensive doctrines; profound and extensive
phenomena
zab cing rgya
akayatva-paramat ultimate non-extinction
zan kham {C}kavaa
zab cing rgya che bai chos
661
zab pa nyid {C}gambhrat; {C}gabhrat
more profound; profundity; depth
the sake of food
zab po {C}gambhrat profound;
zas phyis mi len pa {C}khalu-
pacd-bhaktika {C}one who never eats any food

after midday
profundity; deep; depth
zab bo {C}gambhra profound; deep

zab mo {LCh,L,C,MSA}gambhra; {C,MSA}
gmbhrya; {MSA}gabhra deep; profound {C}

depth; profundity
zab mo nyid {PH}utterly profound

zab gsal gnyis med non-
zas byin pa {MSA}bhojana dadat (e.g.:
pare bhojana dadat) give food; giving food
zas gtsang sras po
{PH}son of
uddhodana
zas bzhi {MV}catvra-hra the four

foods; the four sustenances
zas la dod byed {C}hra-kma
duality of profound and manifest
zab gsal gnyis med
desire food {C}in want of food
kyi rnal byor yoga of the non-duality of the

profound and the manifest
zin anta; via; uptta; {C}daa verb: to be
zam pa {C}sakrama bridge

zam pa lta bur gyur
done with; conjoined with; to be affected by;

grasp; hold; supplement; conjoin with7 adv.:
[past perfect indicator; particle indicating past
(sometimes untranslatable)]; already [e.g.: gong
du brjod zin, already explained above]{LG 30.2}
termination; absence; completion; {C}bitten
bar bya ba yin {C}sakrama-bhta like a

bridge; bridge-like; is like a bridge {C}a (true)
bridge across the sea of birth and death
zam par gyur pa {C}sakrama-bhta zin pa {MSA}anta (e.g.: ama-bhvnta);
{MSA}via; {MSA}uptta; grahaa verb: to

be done with; conjoined with; to be affected
by; grasp; hold; supplement; conjoin with7
adv.: particle indicating past [sometimes
untranslatable]: already7 adj.: conjoined{D1};
apprehension comprise; comprehend; embodied
in
is a bridge; which is a bridge {C}a (true)
bridge across the sea of birth and death
zao food; to eat

zar jug go {C}ytayati
{C}sow
(doubts)
zar ma a type of bean

zas {C,MV,MSA}hra; anna; {MSA}bhojana;
zin pai byung ba las

gyur pai sgra byung byung
byung byung uptta-mahbhta-hetuka-abda
sound arisen from elements not conjoined with
consciousness
{MSA}bhojya; {MSA}aana food; sustenance;

nourishment

dbye ba/ 1 kham gyi zas/ 2 reg
Divisions:
pai zas/ 3 sems pai zas/ 4 rnam shes kyi zas/

Divisions: (1) material food; morsels (kavalikhra)
{LWT 99}; (2) food of touch (sparhra); (3) food
of intention (mana-sacetanhra); (4) food of
consciousness (vijnhra)
zas kyi don du {C}anna-hetos

{C}for
662
zin pai byung ba las gyur pai sems can
du ston pai sgra snyan pa

bstan ston bstand stond uptta-mahbhta-hetukasattvkhya-yaa-abda pleasant articulate sound
caused by elements conjoined with consciousness
zin pai byung ba las gyur pai sems
can du ston pai sgra mi snyan pa

bstan ston bstand stond uptta-mahbhtahetuka-sattvkhya-ayaa-abda unpleasant
articulate sound caused by elements conjoined
with consciousness
zin pai byung ba las gyur pai sems can
du mi ston pai sgra snyan pa

bstan ston bstand stond uptta-mahbhta-hetukaasattvkhya-yaa-abda pleasant inarticulate
sound caused by elements conjoined with
consciousness
zin pai byung ba las gyur pai
zil gyis gnon pai skye
mched {C,MSA}abhibhvyatana source of

surpassing {C}basis of overcoming; station of
mastery
zil gyis mnan {C}abhibhta
(=dhymkto) outshone {C}surpassed;

overpowered; conquered; overcome
zil gyis mnan cing {C}abhibhya

zil gyis mnam par bya ba
{L}abhibhta surpass; outshine overcome;
overpowered; conquered
zil gyis mi non pa {C}anabhibhta

unsurpassed; not outshined; not surpass;
not suppress {C}unhindered; insuperable;

unconquered; unsurpassable
{PH}Jianzhang [palace; in
zil gnon {MSA}abhibhava; {MSA}
Changan]
zil magnificence
zil gyis non pa {C}abhibhavitum;
abhibhti (e.g.: krodhbhibhti) surpass;

outshine
zil gnon brgyad eight
{MSA}abhibhta surpass; outshine; suppress;

surpassed; outshined {C}be surpassed;
overpower
magnificences
zil mnan {MSA}(abhi bh): abhibhya
zil gyis non par gyur pa
surpass; outshine
zil pa {C}avayya {C}dew-drops

zug rngu {C}alya {PH}pangs; pain
{C}avamardita surpass; outshine; suppress;

surpassed; outshined {C}crushed
zil gyis non par gyur {C}
abhibhavati surpass; outshine; suppress {C}

surpasses
{C}
dart; thorn
zug rngus zug pa
zil gyis gnon {L,MSA}abhibhavati;
{PH}pain and
pangs
zug ring ldan pa {C}saalya
{C}abhibhoti (=abhibhavati); {MSA}abhibhyate

(abhi bh) surpass; outshine; suppress {C}
resplendent
{C}
thorny; one who has a thorn in his flesh
zil gyis gnon cing

gro bar gyur ro {C}abhibhavanto gamiyanti
{C}they surpass
{MSA,MV}abhibhava; {MSA}abhibhavana;
{MSA}abhibhti surpass; outshine; suppress;
surpassed; outshined {C}resplendent; surpasses
gacchati {C}surpasses
sems can du mi ston pai sgra mi snyan pa

bstan ston bstand stond upttamahbhta-hetuka-asattvkhya-ayaa-abda
unpleasant inarticulate sound caused by
elements conjoined with consciousness
zim shing
zil gyis gnon pa {C}abhibhavati;
663
zung pair; two; side

zung jug {LCh}yuganaddha union
mi slob pai zung jug
grub pa la in order to achieve the union of a nonlearner{TGP 30}
zung jug gi go phang
{PH}
stage of union
zung jug ye shes
even a phrase is said
ze ba {LV} kea
{PH}exlated
{PH}[lions] mane; flowing

mane rig pa dang; ye
shes kyi ze ba can; He possesses a flowing mane
of knowledge (vidy) and wisdom (jna). {LVS}
wisdom [of the state of] union
zung thal mo
zur du different from{BJ}

zur du phye ba to separate
zur tsam yang ma gsungs not
{PH}palms of a pair [of
hands]
= 1-02-00087-H96-SID000116
zung du [side-ly]; separately
zed pa {PH}upright; right-side-up
zung du brel pa union
zung du brel ba {L,MSA}yuganaddha zer say; ray; beam; shaft of light
[two-connect]; noun: unification; union7 verb:
zer pa say; ray; beam; shaft of light
unify; unite
zer yis zil non pa {C}ramgate
zung brel {LCh}yuganaddha [two{C}the impact of the rays
connect]; noun: unification; union7 verb: unify;

unite zhi lhag zung brel a
union of calm abiding and special insight (amathavipayan-yuganaddha)
zung brel ba {L}yuganaddha [two-
connect]; noun: unification; union7 verb: unify;

unite
zungs
gzung / dzin/
bzung / zungs/ hold; bear; grasp; apprehend

[imperfect stem of dzin]
gand don ma nor par zungs shig hold
without error the essential meaning ...{LWT 97}
zur corner; part
zong zad slar
log lta bur gyur na mi rung ngo {C}mltu

chedana karitva(na) pungamey {C}having lost
his goods he would (nevertheless be able to) again
return
zos eat [imperfect stem]; food

zos pa {C}aite eat [imperfect stem of za,
zla {C,MV}candra moon; month; object

zla gcig zla
lus lta bu it is like a dream body which separates

from [zur du phye ba] the coarse body{TGP 56}
gnyis su snang bai dbang shes

snang snang snang snang a sense consciousness
to which one moon appears as two moons
zur mkhar
{PH}Zur-khar [a district in U
(dbus - Central Tibet)]
zur snga ma the first part; the early
zla rtags {PH}crescent mark

zla ba {LCh,C,MSA}candra; {L}msa; {C}indu
part{BJ 22.1}
wheel {C}machine for raising water from a well
to eat]; food {C}when eating
rags pa las zur du phye bai rmi lam gyi
zur mchan separate annotations

zur gnyis the second part{BJ 66.6}
zo eat; food
zo chun rgyud {C}araghaa water
moon; month; object; monday
zla ba dkhyil khor {L}candramaala moon-maala; moon-disk
664
zla ba grags pa candrakrti
phyir tshong gong tshad
Candrakrti [p.n.]
zla ba nya ba lta bu {MSA}pra-
zlo repeat; next

zlog opposite; reverse; turn around
zlog pa {L}nivaraa; {MSA}nivtti; {MSA}
candra ... upamatva a previous moon, for

example; like a previous moon
zla ba lta bui sems bskyed
yongs su mya ngan las zlog pa = parinirvpaa

opposite; reverse; turn around cover; covered;
obscure; impeded; obscured; impediment
mind-generation like moon
zla ba phyed {L}paka ardhamsa halfmoon
zla ba tshes pa candrakal
{PH}
sales price
{PH}lunar
digit (candrakal)
zlog par byed pa (ni v): {MSA}
nivrayanti; {MSA}nivrayet opposite; reverse;

turn around cover; covered; obscure; impeded;
obscured; impediment
zla ba zhabs the honorable Candrakrti

zlog phyogs opposite class
zla ba bzang po {C}sucandra {C}the
zlog tshig smra {C}prativkyu dadti
beautiful moon
{C}answer back
zla bai gzugs brnyan {MSA}
zlos gar {PH}show; vain display
candra-bimba reflection of the moon {PH}
reflection of the moon
zlos gar can {PH}assuming the form
zla bai od kun zil gyis {C}
(of); putting on a show (of); having a disguise (of)
candra bh {C}lustre of the moon
zlos gar ba {PH}performer
zla bo spouse
zlos pai gar dance; drama;
zla mtshan gyi khrag {PH}
emanation
blo gter jam dpal
menstrual blood
zla mtshan gyi khrag dang
dbyangs nyid zlos pai gar/ /blo bzang grags pai

dpal la phyag tshal lo/ Homage to L#o-sangdrak-b#a, emanation of the treasury of wisdom,
Majughoha himself{LAK} {T}
ldan {PH}menstruating
zla mtshan gyi khrag dang
zlos pai bag chags
ldan pa {PH}menstruating
zla mtshan sangs {Amara} nikal
predispositions of verbal repetition
gza {C}graha
{PH}post-menopausal
{C}seizure; appropriation;
grasping; seizing on; planet
zla gzhon {PH}full moon

zla od gzhon nu {PH}
tshe spong gza {C}graha
{PH}Tshe-pongza [wife of King Tri-song-de-tsen (khri srong lde

btsan)]
Candraprabhakumara
zlum {C}vtta; {C}vtta-parimaala round;

spherical {C}(well) rounded; conduct
zlum po parimaala round; spherical{D1}

665
gzi {PH}radiance
gzi brjid {C}tejas
{C}majesty; beauty;
splendor; flaming; piercing flame
gzi brjid chung ngu {ntideva}
Divisions: dbye
ba/ 1 nang gi gzugs/ 2 phyii gzugs/ Division: (1)
internal form; (2) external form
alpaujasa {PH}little splendor
gzi brjid chen po {ntideva}
gzugs kyi sku rpa-kya Form Body

gzugs kyi sku yongs su
mahaujasa {PH}endowed with majesty
gzi brjid yod pa {C}tejovat
{C}
grub pa {C}rpa-kya-parinipatti thorough

establishment of a Form Body
sharp
gzig leopard
gzig lpags
{PH}leopard skin
gzig lpags bskon pai spreu
bzhin no/ It is like a monkey dressed up [in] a
leopard skin. {A4C-C}
gzigs {C}da; {MSA}(abhy-ud k):
abhyudkate; {MV}(pa): payanti see (hon.);

perceive; realize; to buy(hon.) {C}seen; viewed;
what one has seen kun gzigs allseeing{LWT 173}
gzigs pa {L}darana; {C}avalokayati
rpyatana sense-sphere of form; form

sense-sphere {PH}form sense-sphere
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ mig shes kyi bzung bya/ Definition:
apprehended object of an eye consciousness
Divisions: dbye ba/ 1

dbyibs/ 2 kha dog Division: (1) shape; (2) color
gzugs kyi khams rpadhtu

form-constituent
gzugs kyi ngo bo nyid
see(hon.); perceive; realize; to buy(hon.) {C}

seen; viewed; what one has seen; seeing; vision;
behold; surveying
bshad pa {C}rpa-svabhva-nirdea explain the

entityness of form
gzigs dpe {PH}books that were read

gzings {C,MSA}kola {C}raft
gzim khyi dog(hon.)
gzim mal {PH}(hon.) bed
gzim shag home (hon.)
gzims chung house; dwelling
gzims dpon {PH}official in charge of
gzugs kyi stong pa nyid gang yin pa de ni gzugs

ma yin no {MSA}y rpasya nyat na tad rpam
whatever is the emptiness of form, that is not
form
gzugs kyi rnam par rig pa

{MSA}rpa-vijapti ideation of form; formideation
gzugs kyi snang ba
snang snang snang snang {MV}loko rpasya

appearance of form
dressing and bedding (3rd rank); chamberlain
gzir ba to be tormented
gzugs {LCh,C,MSA,MV}rpa; {C}vigraha;
gzugs kyi phung po rpaskandha

form aggregate
{MSA}kti; {MSA}bimba form; body; matter;

the atomic; visible form {C}color; figure; frame;
Definitions:
shape
mtshan nyid/ gzugs su rung ba/ Definiton: suitable as
form
gzugs kyi skye mched
666
gzugs kyi lha rpa-deva form deity

gzugs sku rpa-kya Form Body
gzugs khams rpa-dhtu form
realm
gzugs dwang pa rpa-prasda clear
gzugs khams kyi lha rpadhtu-deva god of the Form Realm
form
gzugs gang ci yang rung
{MV}yat kicid rpam whatever form; whatever

is a form
gzugs gang yin pa

de ni ming tsam mo {MSA}nma-mtram ida
yad ida rpa whatever is a form is mere
name; whatever is a form is merely nominal
gzugs can {MSA}rpin having form;
gzugs dwang ba rpa-prasda clear

form
gzugs dwangs pa rpa-prasda

clear form
gzugs das past form{BJ 57.2}

gzugs na spyod pa
spyad spyod spyad spyod {L}rpa-avacr of the

realm of form; belong to the sphere of form
form
gzugs can gyi khams {L}rpa- gzugs ni

dhtu form realm
gzugs can snying po Bimbisra

{PH}[King] Bimbisra
gzugs can ma yin pa {MSA}
gzugs nyid {L}bimba reflection;
gzugs phun sum tshogs
pa {C}rpa-parinipatti; {MSA}rpa-sapatti
perfect form; sublime form {C}one who has
achieved an accomplished body
image; picture image
gzugs
nyid stong pa nyid stong pa nyid gzugs so

gzugs ma yin pa {MSA}arpa
rpam eva nyat nyataiva rpam form is

emptiness, emptiness is form
formless; non-form
gzugs mang ba {C}aneka-rpa
gzugs brnyan {C,MSA}pratibimba;
many forms; in many forms {C}in great

variety; different in form; one of the many
{L,MSA}bimba; {C}pratirpaka; {C}prativarika;

{L}pratikti; {C}pratibhsa reflection {C}a
reflection of the moon in water; reflected image;
image (in a mirror); fake; which resembles;
counterfeit; similar; imaginary image; picture
image; reflection of an object in a mirror or in
water; apparition; {GD:362} conceptual reflection
gzugs med formless; formless

[absorption]
gzugs med kyi snyoms jug

{N}rpya-sampatti formless absorption
gzugs rtag go {MV}nitya rpam
gzugs med kham rpyadhtu

Formless Realm
permenent form; form is permanent
gzugs dang ba {MSA}rpa-prasda

clear form
gzugs med khams arpya-dhtu;

{C}rpya-dhtu Formless Realm
gzugs med khams kyi lha
rpya-dhtu-deva god of the Formless Realm
{MSA}rprpya form and formless
gzugs rnam par byed pa
{MSA}rpa-vibhvana differentiation of form;

differentiate form; separation of form
arpin not having form; non-form
gzugs dang gzugs med pa
gzugs kyi ngo bo nyid kyis stong ngo {MSA}rpa

... svabhvena nyam form is empty of forms
entityness
667
gzugs med pa {C}arpin formless

{C}immaterial
gzugs med pai snyoms

dbye ba/ 1 nam mkha mtha
Divisions:
yas/ 2 rnam shes mtha yas/ 3 ci yang med/ 4 srid

rtse/ Division: (1) limitless space; (2) limitless
consciousness; (3) absolute nothingness; (4) peak of
cyclic existence
gzugs med pai

snyoms par jug pa {C}rpya-sampatti
formless absorption
gzugs med pai
srid pai dga ba {MSA}rpya-bhava-priya

happiness of formless existence
gzugs med min {MSA}vinrpyam

non-formless
gzugs med bzhi four formless

gzugs med bsam gtan
rpya-dhyna formless concentration

dbye ba/ 1 nam mkha mtha
Divisions:
yas/ 2 rnam shes mtha yas/ 3 ci yang med/ 4 srid

rtse/ Division: (1) limitless space; (2) limitless
consciousness; (3) absolute nothingness; (4) peak of
cyclic existence
gzugs mo byi thur porcupine

gzugs mtshan nyid pa {PH}
sense direct perceiver apprehending form
mtshan nyid/ rang gi thun mong
Definitions:
ma yin pai bdag rkyen mig dbang dang/ dmigs rkyen

gzugs la brten nas skyes pai rtog pa dang bral zhing
ma khrul pai rig pa/ Def.: an awareness which is

non-mistaken and free from conceptuality, which
is produced from its own uncommon empowering
conditions, an eye sense-power, and an observed
object condition, a form{BR}
gzugs dzin tshad ma

*rpagrhaka-prama prime cognition

apprehending form
gzugs dzin yid mngon
gzung dzin bzung zungs mental
gzugs
gzugs dzin rtog pai zhen gzhi yin pa forms

being the referent of a conceptual consciousness
apprehending a form
gzugs gzugs dzin rtog pai zhen

gzhir rang gi mtshan nyid kyis grub pa forms
establishment by way of its own character
as the referent of a conceptual consciousness
apprehending a form
gzugs gzugs

Both the Vaibhikas and the Prasgikas
fully qualified form
dzin rtog pai zhen gzhir rang gi mtshan nyid

kyis grub par sgro btags pai cha superimposed
factor that a form is established by way of its
own character as the referent of a conceptual
consciousness apprehending a form
assert that non-revelatory forms are fully qualified

forms. {Gn}
gzung dzin bzung
direct perception apprehending form
[absorptions]
yid mngon
gzugs dzin dbang mngon
jug rpya-sampatti formless absorption
gzugs mdzes {PH}beautiful form

gzugs dzin don rig
zungs mental direct perceiving object knower

apprehending form{LG}
668
gzugs gzugs dzin rtog
pai zhen gzhir rang gi mtshan nyid kyis grub par
snang ba appearance that a form is established
by way of its own character as the referent of a
conceptual consciousness apprehending a form
gzugs gzugs zhes
to draw; drawing; to engrave; engraved
gyur pai ldog pa rigs gcig pa

ldog ldog ldogs ldogs forms which are the same
isolate type
gzugs
gzugs zhes pai sgrai jug gzhi forms being

the basis for affixing the term form {PH}
forms being the basis for affixing the term form

gzugs gzugs zhes pai sgrai jug gzhir
rang gi mtshan nyid kyis med pa forms not being
established by way of its own character as a basis
for the affixing of the term form {BJ 56.7}
gzugs yod pa {C}rpin form;
having form {C}material (thing); embodied
gzugs
la ni skye ba yang med gag pa yang med

gag gag gags gags {MSA}
rpasya hi notpdo na nirodha form is neither
produced nor ceased
gzugs la sogs pa {MV}rpdi;

rpa-di form, etc.; forms and so forth
gzugs la sogs pa yul lnga
{MSA}paca rpdayo viay the four objects,

form, etc.
gzugs la
sogs pa yod pa nyid du bstan pa

bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}rpdyastitva-deana form and so forth are indicated
as existent
gzugs su gyur
pai rdzas rigs gcig pa forms which are the same

type of substantial entity
gzugs su rung ba rpaa; rpa

suitable as form; that which is suitable as form
gzugs sogs kyi chos rnams gzugs sogs dzin
pai rtog pa la ngo bo dang khyad par gyi tha snyad

kyi gzhir gzugs sogs rang gi dngos poi gnas tshul
gyi ngos nas snang ba phenomena of forms and
so forth appear to conceptual consciousnesses
apprehending forms and so forth to be the
referents of the conventions of entity and
attribute from the side of the mode of subsistence
of the intrinsic factuality
gzugs sogs
rtog pai zhen gzhi yin pa form and so forth

being a referent of a conceptual consciousness
gzugs sogs rtog pai zhen
gzhir rang mtshan gyis grub par sgro btags pa

superimposed factor of forms and so forth as
established by way of their own character as the
referents of conceptual consciousnesses
gzugs sogs
gzugs la sogs zhes
bya bai gzhi {MSA}rpdi-sajaka (vastu ...-)

the bases, form and so forth
gzugs su brkod par rko ba
gzugs su
rjod pai sgra jug pai jug gzhir rang gi mtshan

nyid kyis grub pa establishment of form by way
of its own character as the referent of a term
expressing form
gzugs shes
gang rung ma yin pai dngos po a thing that is

neither form nor consciousness
669
rtog pai zhen yul yin pa form and so forth being

a conceived object of a conceptual consciousness
gzugs
sogs ming brdai yul yin pai cha lta bu factor for
instance of forms and so forth being objects of
gzung ba dag dang dzin pa
names and terminology
gzung
gzung dzin bzung
zungs {C}udghta; {C}udghti (=udghya);

grah {GD:417} apprehend; identify{BJ 11.5};
hold; bear; grasp {C}take up; seize; learn [na
udgrahtavya = should not be seized upon]
gzung rtog
grhya-grhaka(tva); {MV}grhya grhaka ca

apprehended object and apprehending subject
gzung ba dang dzin pa
{MSA,MV}grhya-grhaka; {MV}grhyagrhakatva; {MV}grhya grhaka ca

{PH}conception of the true
existence of objects
gzung dang dzin
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MV}grhya-grha(ka)

gzung du ma mchis
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}agrhya nonapprehension; non-grasping; non-identification

{C}what cannot be seized/grasped; not to be seized;
unseizable; ungraspable; fact that cannot be seized
(upon)
gzung du med

gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}agrhya nonapprehension; non-grasping; non-identification
{C}what cannot be seized/grasped; not to be seized;
unseizable; ungraspable; fact that cannot be seized
(upon)
gzung du med pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}agrhya; {C}
gzung dzin
bzung zungs {C}grhya-artha apprehendedobject; apprehended object {C}objective reality
gzung rnam
gzung
pa dang bral ba gzung dzin

bzung zungs {MSA}grhya-grha-grhaka-grhavisayoga free from apprehended object and
apprehending subject
gzung ba dang dzin
par snang ba snang snang snang

snang {MV}saprakhyti grhya-grhakatvena
appearance as apprehended object and
don du dzin pai rtog pa ma lus par spangs pai

rang rgyal gyi mkhyen pa exalted knower of a
Solitary Realizer who has abandoned all of the
conceptions apprehending objects as external
objects
gzung ba ma mchis pa
{C}(fact that) cannot be seized (upon)
gzung ba med
pa dang dzin pa med pai don
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}grhya-
bzung zungs {C,MSA}grhya apprehended

object {C}object; thing grasped
gzung ba dang dzin
non-apprehension; non-apprehended object
gzung dzin
gzung ba apprehended object
ba dang dzin pa dag med pai mtshan nyid

{MV}asallakaa grhya-grhaka the nonexistent character of apprehended object and
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}agrhyat
dzin bzung zungs grhykra aspect of the

apprehended object; that which has the aspect
the apprehended
gzung ba
gzung
gzung ba phyi rol
agrhyat non-apprehension; non-grasping;

non-identification {C}what cannot be seized/
grasped; not to be seized; unseizable; ungraspable;
fact that cannot be seized (upon)
gzung don
grhakrtha (a-) meaning without a object or

subject; objectless and subjectless meaning ?
670
{T}
gzung ba med par
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}deya; {MSA}

deyatva suitable to be apprehended; suitable to
be grasped {T}
gzung dzin bzung zungs without an

apprehended object
gzung bya object of apprehension

gzung bya; bzung bya object of
gzung ba dzin pai ngo
bo gzung dzin bzung

zungs {MSA}grhya-grhaka-bhva entity of
apprehension
gzung dzin
gzung ba yi rnam par
gzung dzin bzung zungs grhya-grhaka

apprehended-object and apprehending-subject;
subject and object [lit.: apprehended and
apprehender]
g.yeng ba gzung dzin bzung

zungs {MSA}grhya-vikepa distraction of
apprehended objects {T}
gzung bai don
gzung dzin grangs mnyam

Proponent of an Equal Number of Subjects and
Objects
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}grhyrtha

apprehended object
gzung bai mtshan nyid
gzung dzin rdzas tha
dad du dzin pa gzung dzin

bzung zungs *grhyagrhakadravyabhedagrha
conception of a difference of substantial entity
between apprehended-object and apprehendingsubject; apprehension of a difference of
substantial entity between apprehended-object
and apprehending-subject
grhya-lakaa character of the apprehended

object; characteristic of the apprehended object
gzung bai rdzas
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}grhya-dravya

subtantial existence of the apprehended object;
{T} apprehended substance; apprehended
substantial entity
gzung bar
gzung
dzin bzung zungs {C}grahtavya apprehended;

which is apprehended {C}should be inferred
gzung bar dka ba
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}durudgraha
gzung yul
gzung
gzung
dzin bzung zungs {MSA}sugrhya easy to

apprehend; easy to grasp
gzungs {C,L,MSA}dhra; {MSA}dhra
bhta is apprehended; which is apprehended;

which is an apprehended object
gzung bar snang ba
retention; dhra; magical formulae
snang snang snang snang {MSA}grhya-
gzungs kyi sgo {MSA}dhra-dvra;

{C,MSA}dhra-mukha dhra-door
pratibhsa appearance as an apprehended

object; appear as an apprehended object
gzung
dzin bzung zungs {MSA}deya suitable to be
apprehended; suitable to be grasped {T}
gzung sla ba
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}grhya-
gzung bar os pa
gzung os pa
dzin bzung zungs grhyaviaya object of

apprehension {GD:99} held object
difficult to apprehend; difficult to grasp
gzung bar gyur pa
671
gzungs
kyi dbang phyug rgyal pos zhus pas mdo
dhravara-rja-paripccha-stra The
gzod nas dag pa {C,MSA}di-
Questions of King Dhravara Stra{BJ 38.2}
gzungs kyi tshogs sgrub
uddha primordial purity {C}pure from the

very beginning
achieving through the collection of retentions
gzungs sgo {MSA}dhra-dvara; {MSA}
gzod ma {MSA}di primordial; original;
dhra-mukha dhra-door
beginning; first; etc.; and so forth
gzungs dzin apprehended-object and gzod ma nas zhi ba {L,MSA}di-
nta primordial peace; primordial pacification
apprehending-subject
gzud pa
bzang {LCh,C}bhadra; {C}ubha (=praasta);
gzur gnas {PH}unbiased

gzur gnas skye bo {PH}an
bzang po {LCh,L}bhadra; {C}prata;

gzud/ dzud/ btsud/ gtsud dam dzud/ {C}
avatraa to insert; put in; admit {T} descend;

make penetrate; {C}introducing
{MSA}su-; {C}cru good; right; nice {C}

lovely; wholesome; merit; pleasant; slender;
elegant(ly); beautiful; sweet; benefit
{MSA}praasta; {MSA}ubha; {MSA}obhana;

{MSA}su- (e.g.: su-bhaiajya; su-mla) good;
right; nice {C}lovely; wholesome; merit;
pleasant; slender; elegant(ly); beautiful; sweet;
benefit; exalted; auspicious; sublime; fine; good to
eat; superior
unbiased being
gzegs zan {PH}Kada

gzengs ring {PH}point; pointy
gzer nail; spike {PH}pain
gzer yis zil non pa {C}
bzang po spyod pai smon

lam {PH}Aspirational Prayer of the Deeds of
Samantabhadra (samantabhadracarypranidhna)
ramgate {C}the impact of the rays
bzang po spyod
gzo {MSA}bhoga repay; remember; keep in
pai smon lam gyi rgyal po spyad
mind
bka drin gzo ba {PW8-H} ktaj

{PH}grateful; one who remembers kindness
gzo ba {PH}one who remembers

gzo med par {MSA}vinbhogam
spyod spyad spyod bhadracary-praidhna-rja
Aspirational Prayers for Auspicious Deeds, P.
716, vol. 11
bzang po bas ches bzang
po {L}bhadreu bhadratama most auspicious;

good in every respect
without repaying; not remembering; not keeping

in mind
bzang poi gnas su skyes pa
beginning; first; etc.; and so forth
bzang ba comely
bzang ba {MSA}sdhu good; right; well
gzod {MSA}di primordial; original;

gzod bsgom pa
{PH}primordial
meditative state
{MSA}jta sv-yatane born in a good place

{T}
gzod nas {PH}from the beginning

bzang ba min not good; not right
gzod nas stong zhing {C}dinya
bzang bar du {MSA}updya yvat
primordial emptiness
done
while it is good ...; while it is right ... ?{T}
672
bzang za ba {C}prata good; right;
bzung rnam grhya-kra that which
nice {C}sublime; fine; good to eat; superior;

exalted
has the aspect of the apprehended
bzung ba

gzung / dzin/ bzung / zungs/ {C}udgraha; {C}
ghta; {MSA}grhya; {MSA}ji snyed bzung ba =
yvad-udghta; {MSA}yang dag par bzung ba =
sadhraa apprehend; grasp; hold; conceive;
taken from (here through to ...); subject {BJ
43.1} {C}possesses; cling(ing); grasping; to gain;
grasps at; grasped; taking hold of; studying; grasp
at; take notice; possesses
bzang lam pa bhadraynya one on

an auspicious path {T}
bzad pa bear; endure; resist

bza bza/ za/ bzas/
zos/ to eat; food [future stem]
bza ba anna food

bza ba stong pa nyid {MV}
bzung bar os pa deya; deyatva
bhojana-nyat empty of food
suitable to be apprehended; suitable to be
bza ba dang
grasped {T}
bzung bya apprehended object
bca ba dang btung ba zhim zhing {C}aita-ptalha-khdita-svdita {C}food and drink
bzas
mig shes kyi bzung bya apprehended
bza/ za/ bzas/
object of an eye-consciousness [definition of form

(gzugs)]
zos/ to eat; food [past stem]
bzung
bzung dzin
gzung
dzin bzung zungs grhya-grhaka apprehended
object and apprehending subject
gzung /
dzin/ bzung / zungs/ {L}ghta; {C}updatta

apprehend; grasp; hold; conceive; taken from
(here through to...); subject {BJ 43.1} {C}
possesses; cling(ing); grasping; to gain; grasps at;
grasped
bzung jug state of union{Lati}

bzung ste {C}rabhya; {C,MSA}(up d):
updya {C}(=adhiktya) begin; beginning

from/with; taken from (here through to ...);
apprehending; grasping; holding; conceiving
{C}take hold on; about; concerning; with reference
to; on account of; relevant to; starting from; having
turned his mind to; stimulated by; initially founded
on; if I take into consideration; following on;
motivated by; with the help of; where they began
bzung nas {C}udghti begin;
beginning from/with; taken from (here through

to ...); apprehending; grasping; holding;
conceiving {C}take hold on; about; concerning;
with reference to; on account of; relevant to;
starting from
bzung dzin rdzas tha

dad kyis stong pa gzung dzin
bzung zungs *grhyagrhakadravyabhedanya
emptiness of apprehended-object and
apprehending-subject existing as different
substantial entities
bzung dzin rdzas gzhan

being different substantial entities; difference
of entity between apprehended object and
apprehending subject{BJ 44.3}
bzung dzin rdzas gzhan gyis stong
pa subject and object are empty of being different
substantial entities [a definition of the coarse
selflessness of phenomena (chos kyi bdag med rags
pa)]
bzung os pa deya suitable to be

apprehended {T}
673
bzung yul grhyaviaya apprehended
tolerance {C}endure; is strong enough to bear;

adequate; be able; able to bear; patient acceptance/
acquiescence; certainty; consent to; seem good to;
remains patient; can [na akyam sohum = means
nothing; yath te kamate = as best you can]
object
bzungs apprehend; grasp; hold; conceive;

taken from (here through to ...); subject
bzungs go {PH}starting
bze re can {PH}helpless
bze re can gyur nyid
bzod cing sred {C}rocayati
{C}
find pleasure in [the patient acceptance of -- with
knti]
bzod ldan {PH}patient

bzod pa bzod bzod bzod
{PH}
extreme helplessness
bzo
bzo/ chos/ bzos/

chos/ {C,MSA,MV}ilpa to make; manufacture
{T} {C}crafts
bzod {LCh,C,MSA,MV}knti; {C,MSA}kamaa;

{C}kam; {MSA}kama; {MSA}kamatva; {MSA}
maraa; {MSA}adhivsan; {C}kamamu
forbearance; bear; endure; resist; forbear;
withstand; patience; endurance; tolerance {C}
patient acceptance; ability to endure; enduring; one
who remains patient; one who is patient
bzo grwa factory

bzo rgyun {PH}lineage of artistic style
bzo ston pa bstan
ston bstand stond ilpa-darana teach crafts
bzo gnas mang po {C} pthu-ilpayukto {C}devoted to many crafts
bzo ba {MSA}nipua to make;
bzod bzod bzod bzod eight forbearances
bzod pa che ba
bzod bzod bzod bzod {MSA}mahdhivsan

great forbearance/patience/endurance/tolerance
bzod pa nyid
manufacture {T}
bzod
bzod bzod bzod {MSA}sahiut patience;
forbearance; endurance; tolerance
bzo ba sprul sku artisan emanation

body
bzo bai sprul sku artisan

emanation body
bzo sbyangs {C}reika reika [p.n. of

a wanderer, also called Vatsagotra]
bzo sbyangs gzugs can
bzod pa thob

thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}knti-lbha
attain patience/forbearance/endurance/tolerance
bzod pa dang ldan pa
bzod bzod bzod bzod {MSA}kamvat;
{MSA}kntimat patient; tolerant; forbearing;

endowed/possessing patience/forbearance/
endurance/tolerance {PH}patient
snying po King Bimbisra
bzo lugs {PH}style

bzo shes {MV}ilpa-jat vocational
knowledge; knowledge of crafts {T}
bzod
bzod bzod bzod

bzod {L}knti; {C}kama; {C}kamate; {MV}
kam; {C}sahate; {C,L,MV}maraa; {MSA}
mara bear; endure; resist; be patient; forbear;
withstand; patience; forbearance; endurance;
bzod pa brgyad
674
bzod pa dang shes pa {C}knti-
jna- forbearance and knowledge {C}patient

acceptance of cognition
bzod pa phun sum tshogs
pa bzod bzod bzod bzod {C}

knti-sampanna complete/perfect/marvelous
patience/forbearance/endurance/tolerance {C}
one who has won patience
bzod pa bla na med pa
bzod bzod bzod bzod {MSA}knti ...
anuttar unsurpassed/highest/sublime patience/

forbearance/endurance/tolerance
bzod pa smra ba {C}knti-vdin
bzod pa yongs
bzod bzod bzod bzod {MSA}knti-priya
liking patience/forbearance/endurance/tolerance
bzod pai go sgrub achieving

through the armor of patience
bzod pai mthu la gnas pa
{C}knti-bala-pratihna abiding in the power

of patience/forbearance/endurance/tolerance
{C}firm grounding in the power of patience
bzod pai gnas skabs
bzod bzod bzod bzod {MSA}knty-
avasth state/period/level of forbearance
bzod pai pha rol tu phyin

{MSA}knti-pramit perfection of patience/
bzod par bya ba
bzod bzod bzod bzod {MSA}kamo bhavati

become/is patient/forbearing/enduring/tolerant
bzod bzod bzod bzod {C}kamate having been

patient/tolerant/forbearing {C}seem good to;
bear; remains patient; endure
bzod byed
bzod bzod
bzod bzod {C}kamamu {C}one who remains
patient; one who is patient
bzod ma bde ba {PH}intolerable

bzod ma nas zhi ba quiescient
from the start
bzod shes {C}dharma-jna-knti; a{C}

nvaya-jna-knti forbearance and knowledge
{C}acceptance of the cognition of dharma;
acceptance of subsequent cognition
bzoi gnas {C}ilpa-sthna {C}craft

bzoi gnas dang las kyi
gnas {C} ilpa-sthna-karma-sthnni {C}arts

and professions
bzod pai phar phyin perfection of

patience
bzod pai rtse sbyor
bzoi sbyor gyi rtags
{GD:263}
twisted evidence
bzos
bzo/ chos/
bzos/ chos/ to make; manufacture
kntimrdhaprayoga forbearance peak

training
bzla
bzla/ zlo/ bzlas/ zlo/

repeat; recite; mutter; pass beyond say
bzod pai tshogs
kyi rgyu mtshan yin pa bzod

bzod bzod bzod {MSA}knti-sabhra-nimittatva
being a cause/sign of the collection of patience/
bzod byas nas
su smin pai mtshan nyid {MSA}knti-paripkalakaa character of thoroughly matured

patience/forbearance/endurance/tolerance
bzod pai tshogs sgrub
bzod par gyur
bzod bzod bzod bzod {MSA}kamitavya that

which is to be endured/tolerated/withstood/
forbeared/patient about
Advocating Patience/Forbearance/Endurance/
Tolerance
bzod pa la dga ba
achieving through the collection of patience
675
bzla ba
bzla/ zlo/ bzlas/

zlo/ repeat; recite; mutter; pass beyond{S 53.4}
say
bzlas
bzla/ zlo/ bzlas/

zlo/ repeat; recite; mutter; pass beyond say
bzlas brjod {LCh}jpa; japa repetition

bzlas brjod
death, since something similar [to medicine] that

wards it off is not possible, it is very clear that you
should have fear for that. {A4C-C} comm. to I.5
dang bcas pai bsam gtan concentration with

repetition
bzlog par bya {C}nivrayitavya
four branches repetition
ang {LCh}api but; even; also; ever; or

ang de but; even; also; ever; or vacant
ang mi never
am {C}v; {C}athav-api or; and; question
bzlas brjod yan lag bzhi
reversing; overturning; reverse; overturn; stop;

turn around; oppose {C}should be impeded
bzlas brjod yan lag bzhi

ldan four-branched repetition
bzlas brjod la
ma bltos pai bsam gtan concentration without
repetition
bzlas brjod
i genetive particle: of; s; which is; that is

i (as genitive particle) of; by; in; which. (as
lam bltos pai bsam gtan concentration without

repetition
bzlums pa {L}pia material objects;
is instrumental particle: by; through; due to;
(morsel of) food
bzlog
marker; or else
by means of; ofs
bzlog zlog
is by; by means of; with; because

u yug pa rigs pai seng ge
bzlogs/ zlogs/ {MSA}vyvtti; {C}nivrita

(=anvaa) reverse; reversing; stop; turn
around; oppose; overcome{BJ 18.5}; overturn
{C}opened up; impeded
{GD:x,xii} U-yuk-ba-rig-bay-seng-gay (?-1253),

a Sa-kya author on epistemology
bzlog gi {C}vraymi {C}I restrain from

u rang {PH}I
bzlog nyid {C}viparyaya reversal {C}
ug pa owl
the reverse
un shing kong jo
bzlog nas {MSA}vyvartya (e.g.:
dhynni-vyvartya) having reversed; stopping;
having opposed; having overcome
o termination particle
o brgyal
bzlog pa

bzlog zlog bzlogs/ zlogs/ {L}vipartam; {C}
anavanirvtta; {C}vinivtti; {N}nirvtta; {C}
nivraa; {MSA}vtti; {MSA,MV}viparyaya
reverse; reversing; stop; turn around; oppose;
overcome{BJ 18.5}reversed; overturned {C}
wrong; perverted; mistaken; corrupt; turned back
on; turning away from

brgyal/ rgyal/ brgyald/ rgyald/ become weary;
become tired; tire
o na well then; in that case [leads into a

question]; now then; well; then
o ma {C,MSA}kra; {C}go-kra milk

cows milk
bzlog pa po
{PH}something that blocks;

something that wards off
As for
{PH}[Chinese
princess] Wencheng
676
{C}
og {MSA}para later; below; beneath; under

og tu {MSA}rdhva; {MV}anantara
under; below; beneath {PH}after; later
... dei og tu After that, ...
og nas {MSA}pact under; below;
ong ba gyur ba {C}upagacchati
beneath; after that
og nas byung ba appears later
come; will {C}comes back; journeys; come to;

go to; be overpowered; approach; take to; undergo;
[with na: remain unaware of]
[in the text]
og nas byung ba bzhin as
ong ba med {C}angamam not come;
appears later [in the text]
og ma {MSA}uttara lower; what comes
not coming; will not; not approaching
ong bar bgyid pa {C}gamika
later
og ma og ma {PH}lower and lower

og min akaniha Highest Pure Land;
make come {C}which causes to come
Not Low
og min gyi longs sku complete

enjoyment body of a Highest Pure Land
og min gro {C}akaniha-ga one

who has gone to the Highest Pure Land
og min stug po bkod pa
Adorned/Arrayed Highest Pure Land; Akaniha

Pure Land
og gzhi under-base{D1}
ong ong / ong /
ongs/ ongs/ {C}pratikrmati (=gamanam);

{C}upagacchati (=abhibhta) come; will
{C}comes back; journeys; come (to); go to; be
overpowered; approach; take to; undergo; [with na:
remain unaware of]
ong gyur ba {C}upagacchati; {C}
ongs nas {C}gatya; {C}gamya
having come; coming {C}come along; thanks

to; has come (in)to; (by) resorting to; when he has
entered on; come; return again; because of; in the
course of
ongs par gyur na {C}gameya
when it comes; when coming {C}would come

back
od bh; {C,MSA}prabh; {C}bh; {C}
avabhsa; {MSA}prabhsa light; shine;

brightness {C}splendor; radiance; illumination;
spread the light; lustre; come to hear; effulgence;
brilliance
od kyi dkhyil khor {C}prabh-
maala maala of light; circle of light {C}

glorious circle
od kyi dra ba gyed {C}prabha-
upgamey come; will {C}comes back;

journeys; come to; go to; be overpowered;
approach; take to; undergo; [with na: remain
unaware of]; would return
jla-muci {C}send forth a multitude of light
ong pa dang lkug pa {C}ea-mka

{C}dumb sheep
ong / ong /
ongs/ ongs/ coming; future; will come; will
future form[BJ 57.1]
akaniha; akanihaghanavyha Heavily
ong / ong
ongs
ongs pai gzugs gamya-rpa
dgod god bkod god
ong ba
/ ongs/ ongs/ {C}gacchati; {C}upgamey;

{MSA}gati; {MSA}yid du ong ba = mano-ja
come; will {C}come along; approach; comes to;
spurts out of; would return
677
od khor {PH}nimbus
od chung parttbh Little Light
od chung ba parttbh Little Light
giving; Luminous (third bodhisattva ground)
{C}sheds light; light-bringer
(the first level of the Second Concentration)
od lta bu {MSA}arcir-bhta like light;
od mi gsal ba nyid {MSA}
light-like
abhsvara unclear light
od stong can {Negi} *sahasru
od zer {C}prabh; {MSA}rami; {MSA}
{PH}the possessor-of-a-thousand-lights (the Sun)
au; {MSA}kiraa; {MSA}bha rays of light;

ray
od stong ldan pa {Negi}
sahasrarami {PH}the possessor-of-a-thousandlights (the Sun)
od thig bhsabindu a drop of light;
od zer kun nas phags pa gshegs pai dpal

brtsegs rgyal po {C}samudgata-rami-rka-rja
Samudgata-rami-rka-rja [p.n.]
light drop
od dri ma med pa {C}vimala-prabh od zer go cha

stainless light {C}immaculate glory
od zer can {Toh.566} mrc
od dom gang ba {C}vyma-
{PH}
Mrc
prabh {C}a halo (extending for a fathom round

his body)
od zer rab tu gyed pa {C}
od ni phun sum tshogs pa
rami-pramukto luminous; light-giving {C}the

shedding of rays
{C}prabh-sampad marvellous light; perfect

light {C}(achieve) splendor
od bzang po {C}avabhsa
{C}
splendor; light; radiance; illumination; spread the
light; lustre; come to hear
od rnon sharp rays (?)

od dpag med Amitbha; amitbha
od srungs {LCh}kyapya Kyapya
Amitbha
od phro {PH}light-rays
od phro can {MSA}arcimat the
[p.n.]
od gsal {C}bhsvar; {LCh,MV}
prabhsvara; {MV}prabhsvarat; {MV}

prabhsvaratva; {MV}bhsvaratva; {C}bhsvar
dev; bhsvara; prabhasvara clear light; Bright
Light {C}the shining gods don
gyi od gsal actual clear light
radiant; brilliant
od phro ba {LCh,MSA}arcimat; {C}

arci(s) the radiant; brilliant; Radiant (fourth
bodhisattva ground) {C}flame; light; ray
od gsal gyi lha {PW8-H}
od phro ba can {C}arcimat the
bhsvaradeva {PH}bhsvara gods

A single
radiant; brilliant {C}flame; light; ray
od phrod ba
sentient being from the class of bhsvara gods

dies and transmigrates, and hence ... {PW8-H}
{PH}The Radiant [the

fourth bodhisattva ground]
od gsal ba {C}prabh; {C,MV,MSA}
od byed {C}prabhkara the luminous;
prabhsvara; {C,MV}prabhsvarat; {MV}

prabhsvaratva; {MV}bhsvaratva; {C}bhsvar
(dev); {C}rami clear light; clearly luminous
{C}transparently luminous; translucent; brightly
light-giving {C}illuminator; shedder of light
od byed pa {C}prabhkar; {C}prabhkara; {MSA}prabh-karin the luminous; light-
{PH}[Nepali King]
Auvarman
678
shining; transparent lucidity; splendor; radiance;
illumination; spread the light; lustre; come to hear;
effulgence; brilliance
tech. term)
od gsal ba nyid {MV}prabhsvara;

{MV}prabhsvarat; {MV}prabhsvaratva;
{MV,MSA}bhsvaratva clear light; clearly
luminous
od gsal bai dbyings sphere
od gsal bai ye shes pristine

wisdom of clear light
on kyang {C}api tu-khu; {C}api kho pana

however; but; yet; notwithstanding {PH}
moreover; however {C}but on the contrary
on taam {MSA}ho svit however; but;

yet; notwithstanding
on te {PH}or else; yet

on pa {C,MSA}badhira {C}deaf
ol pa kite
ol phyi {PH}unclear
os (arh): {MSA}arhati; arha suitable
{C}devoid of;
ya ma brla nyid {C}vaikat
{C}
voidness
ya ma brlar {C}vaika
{C}devoid of;
void
ya rtse {PH}Yatse [a reagion in Ngari]

ya mtshan {PH}strange; miraculous
ya mtshan can {A4C} psaa {PH}
hypocritical philosopher; philosophers with strange
views
{PH}miraculous events
important and miraculous events
{W23693} Mkhas-grub-rnam-thar-bsdus-pa; 2a.4
os pa arha; {MSA}gzung bar os pa = deya

suitable {PH}suitable; worthy
{PH}most suitable; most
yag po good
yag shos {PH}best
yang {L}yadypi; {C}kicpi; {MV 1}ca; {MV
2.1d; MSA}punar (1) but; even; also; again; and;

(2) light [as in not heavy]{D1} {PH}light [as in
not heavy] {C}although; even if
yang zhing g.yo ba light and moving [definition of
air (rlung, vyu)]
yang nge g.yeng nge colloquial
appropriate
os pa ma yin pa {MSA}an-arha
speech
yang sngon
unsuitable; not suitable
ya bral separated
ya ma brla {C}vaika
ya mtshan pa
rtogs pai os su
gyur pai chos the quality of being suitable for
realization{LWT 103}
ya one of a pair; {T} an odd number

ya gir up there
ya nga pa {PH}frightening
ya nga pa can {PH}dangerous
ya stag {PH}sacrificial scapegoat (Bon-po
{PH}entrails of a
sacrificial scapegoat (Bon-po tech. term)
void
of clear light
os pa nyid
ya stag nang pa
{PH}even before
dpe di rje btsun tsong kha pa chen poi yang sngon

zhig la bris pa yin nam snyam nas ... Having
thought, might this text have been written even
before the great Tsong-kha-pa? ... {GCG} p. 17
yang jug secondary suffix

679
yang dag {LCh,C,MSA}samyak; tathya

samcaramu when correctly established
{C}while moving unto
real [e.g., objects]; authentic; correct [e.g.;
consciousnesses]; reality; right {C}in the right

way; right(ly)
yang dag nges par byung
yang dag kun rdzob
ba smra byung byung byung

byung {MSA}samyag-nirya-vakt proponent
of correct definite emergence ? {T}
samyaksavti real/correct conventionality;

concealer/obscurer of reality {PH}real
conventional [truth]
yang dag chos sgrub byed
tshe bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs

sgrubs {C}samcaramu when correctly
established {C}while moving unto
yang dag kun rdzob kyi

bden pa {PH}real conventional truth
yang dag kun rdzob bden pa yang dag chos rab ston
tathyasavtisatya real/correct concealer-
truth; real/correct conventional truth
yang dag bkod
yang dag brjod

brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}samudrita correctly
express; correctly state {C}proclaimed
yang dag brjod pa {C} samudrita;
yang dag grub pa {C}samudgama
{Toh.360} sagti {PH}correctly express
real establishment; correctly established {C}
yang dag nyid {C}bhta; {MSA,MV}
full attainment; final achievement; full possession;

full knowledge
samyaktva correctness; real; reality; realness

{C}to be; genuine; consists in; what is real; when
he has proper; which really corresponds to; truly
real
yang dag grub {MV}samudgama

real establishment; correctly established
yang dag grub pa {C}
yang dag nyid bsgribs nas
samudgama real establishment; correctly

established {C}full attainment; final
achievement; full possession; full knowledge
{MSA}tattva sachdya (sa chad) having

obstructed reality ? {T}
yang dag lta
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MV}
yang dag sgrub par byed
yang dag sgrub byed tshe
blta lta
bltas ltos {C}draavya correct view {C}one

should view; should be viewed/seen
samyak-prapannat; {MSA}sapdana real

establishment; correctly established
{MSA}(sam-ud- n): samudnayet correctly

establish
yang dag mchod byed {MSA}
(sa man): samnayati worship correctly {T}
dgod god bkod god {MSA}sampdita

correctly/thoroughly set/state/establish/arrange/
register/make a record/place [on throne]/put [a
signature]/array/affix
yang dag sgrub pa
{MSA}samyag-dharma-prakana teach correct

doctrines
yang dag brten {MSA}samrita

correct basis; real basis
yang dag bstan
yang dag mtha
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}samudhta

correct teaching; teach correctly
680
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}yathbhtaprativedha understanding in accordance with
how it really is {C}penetration into what truly is
yang dag pai mtha {MV}bhta-koi limit of

correctness; limit of reality; real limit; reality
limit
yang dag thob
yang dag
pa ji lta ba bzhin du rtogs par byed pa

rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}yathbhta-
samanute; {C}sampnoti correctly obtain; real

attainment {C}gain; accomplish
pratyavekaat understand in accordance with

how it really is {C}contemplation as it really is
yang dag dad pai rjes
yang dag
brang ba followers of right faith
pa ji lta ba bzhin du brtags pa

brtag rtog brtags rtags {C}yathbhtapratyavekaat investigate in accordance with
how it really is {C}comtemplation as it really is
yang dag bden pa
Paramrthasamudgata (pn. of bodhisattva); the

Indian master Paramrtha
yang dag da bar gyur {C} yang

samatikrnta correctly pass beyond; real passing
beyond {C}having transcended; completely
transcended
yang dag das {C}samatikrama; {C}
samatikramu correctly pass beyond; real passing

beyond {C}having transcended; completely
transcended; overcoming; transcending; transcended
yang dag bsdus pa
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {C}sagraha; {MSA}

samuccaya {C}comprehension; assembling;
comprehended; attraction; comprising; complete
removal of
yang dag gnas pa
la brten nas {MSA}samyak-sthitim upritya

depending upon a correct basis; depending upon
a real basis
yang dag pa {C}samyaktva; {MSA}
tattva; {MSA,MV}bhta; {MSA}sauddhi; {MSA}

samyag-di(?) [again-pure]; correct; very
pure; real; complete; reality {C}righteousness;
rightness
yang dag pa ji lta ba bzhin

du {L,MSA,MV}yath-bhta; {C}yathvat as it
really is {C}a fact; really existing
yang dag
pa ji lta ba bzhin du rtogs par bya ba
681
dag pa ji lta ba bzhin du yongs su shes pa

{C}yathbhta-parij thoroughly cognize
in accordance with how it really is {C}
comprehension as it really is
yang dag pa ji bzhin nyid

{MSA}tattva tathat real reality
yang dag pa nyid {MV}samyaktva;

{L}bhtat correctness; completeness; reality
yang dag pa nyid skyon
med pa {L}samyaktva-niyama faultless reality;

faultless correctness
yang dag pa nyid
rjes su rtogs pas rtogs

rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}bhta-anugamena through
understanding correctly {C}keep in agreement
with true reality
yang dag pa nyid du nges pa
{C}samyaktva-niyata faultless reality; faultless

correctness; {T} ascertain correctly {C}
destined for salvation
yang dag pa
nyid du nges pa la zhugs pa

zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C}samyaktva-niyma(m)
avakrnta {C}one who is certain that he has got
safely out of this world
yang dag pa ma yin {MV}abhta; yang

{MV}na ... tattvata incorrect; not pure; not
real; incomplete
yang dag pa ma
yin pa kun tu rtog pa {MV}abhta-parikalpa

incorrect conception; conception of the incorrect
{T}
yang dag pa ma
yang dag pai kun rdzob
{PH}
real conventional [truth]
yang dag pai kun rdzob
yin pa kun brtag pa {MSA}abhta-parikalpa

incorrect investigation; investigation of the
incorrect {T}
bden pa {PH}real conventional truth
yang
dag pa ma yin pa kun brtags pai ngo bo nyid

abhtaparikalpitasvabhva unreal imputational
nature
yang dag pa ma yin pa
mtshan ma {MSA}atattva ... nimitta unreal sign;

incorrect sign
yang dag
pa ma yin pa yongs su dzin par byed
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}abhtaparigrha apprehending what is unreal {C}
one who seizes on what is unreal
yang dag pa ma yin pa

la dzin pa gzung dzin bzung
zungs {C}abhta-grha apprehending what is
unreal {C}seizing on what is unreal
yang
yang dag pai sgrub pa

samyak-pratipatti correctly established; correct
establishment
yang dag pai ngag {MV}samyagvc correct speech
yang dag
pai ngag dang las kyi mtha dang tsho ba {MSA}

samyag-vk-karmntjva correct speech, aims of
action, and livelihood {T}
yang dag pai ting nge dzin

{L,MSA,MV}samyak-samdhi correct meditative
stabilization
yang dag pai rtog pa {MSA}

samyak-sakalpa correct conceptuality;
conceive correctly
yang dag pai lta ba
dag pa ma yin pa las yongs su brtags pa

brtag rtog brtags rtags {C}abhtaparikalpita imputation of what is unreal {C}
imagined and unreal
blta lta bltas ltos {L,MSA,MV}samyag-di;

samyakdi correct view
yang dag pai mtha {C,MV}
yang dag pa ma
bhta-koi reality-limit
yang dag pai mtha ma
yin pai kun tu rtog pa {MSA}abhta-parikalpa

imputation of what is unreal
yin pa {C}abhta-koi no reality-limit

yang
yang dag pai de bzhin nyid

{C}bhta-tathat real suchness
dag pa ma yin pai kun rtog; yang dag pa ma

yin pai kun tu rtog pa ; yang dag min kun rtog
abhtaparikalpa unreal ideation
dag pa ma yin pai chos yongs su mi dzin pa

abhta-dharma-aparigrahka a person who does
not apprehend unreal phenomena {C}one who
does not take hold of unreal dharmas
yang dag pai don {C}bhto rtho
true in fact; correct meaning; real object {C}as
682
the truly real fact
aspirational-prayer
yang dag pai don goms pa yang mi dgos
par gsungs so it is not necessary that one

become familiar with something which is true in
fact{MGP}
yang dag pai don gyi {C} bhtaarthika which is true in fact; which is the true
meaning; which is a real object {C}in a true
sense
yang dag
pai don du thams cad mkhyen pa nyid

{MSA}bhtrtha-sarva-jatva exalted knower of

everything that is true in fact
yang dag pai dran pa
yang dag pai rtsol ba
{MV,MSA}samyag-vyyma correct exertion {T}
yang dag pai tshul {C}bhta-naya

correct mode; correct way {C}true reality; the
really true principle
yang dag pai tsho ba {MV}

samyag-jva correct livelihood {T}
yang dag pai ye shes {MV}

samyag-jna correct exalted wisdom; real
exalted wisdom
yang dag pai rigs lam

{PH}path of correct reasoning
yang dag pai lam gyi chos

{PH}attributes of the pure path
yang dag pai las kyi mtha
{MSA,MV}samyak-smti correct mindfulness
yang dag pai gdams ngag
{MV}samyak-karmnta correct aims of action

{T}; correct intentions
gdam doms gdams

doms {MV}samyag-avavda correct advice/
instruction/counsel/preceptual instruction/
advisory speech/exhortation
yang dag pai shes pa

consciousness of reality
yang
yang dag pai sbyor
yang dag par samyak correctly;
dag pai gdams ngag rjes su bstan pa

{MSA}avavdnusana (samyag-) teaching
correct advice/instruction/counsel/preceptual
instruction/advisory speech/exhortation
ba yid la byed pa sbyar sbyor

sbyard sbyord {MSA}samyak-prayoga-manaskra
applying the mind to correct training; mental
application which is correct training
yang dag pai dmigs pa
dmigs dmigs
dmigs dmigs samyak-lambana real object of
observation
really; completely
yang dag par kun shes pos sems shin tu rnam

grol grold {C}samyag-j-suvimukti-citta
thoroughly liberate the mind through correct
cognition {C}their hearts well freed by right
understanding
yang dag par skul ba {C}
yang dag pai smon lam
samdpayati correctly exhort; correctly

arouse; correctly incite {C}instigate; causes to
be undertaken; encourages to
{MSA}samyak-praidhna correct vow; real

vow; {T} correct prayer-wishes {PH}proper
yang dag pai shes pas sems shin tu rnam par grol
ba grol grold grol grold
{C}samyag-j-suvimukti-citta thoroughly
liberate the mind through correct cognition
{C}their hearts well freed by right understanding
683
yang dag par skyon yang dag par grub par

med par zhugs pa zhug jug
zhugs zhugs {C}avakrnta-niym enter into
complete faultlessness {C}those who have
entered on the certainty of definite salvation
bya ba grub grub

grubs/grub grubs {MSA}samudgama object of
true establishment; truly established object
yang dag par bskyed
par gyur bskyed skyed bskyed

skyed {C}sajanayati correctly generate; really
produce {C}create; generate
yang dag par bskyed par
byed bskyed skyed bskyed skyed

{C}sajanayati correctly generate; really
produce {C}create; generate
yang dag par bskrul ba {C}
samdna {C}undertaking; (one who gives his

undivided) attention to; take upon themselves; sense
of obligation; they have acquired; has cultivated
yang dag par grub pa samyak-
siddhi; {C}samudgama true establishment;

establishment as its own reality; established as
(its own) reality; established as [its own] reality;
existence as [its own] reality {C}full attainment;
final achievement; full possession; full knowledge
yang dag par dga bar
byao {C}pratisamodayati one should be truly

happy {C}to be polite and friendly
yang dag par god pa
samdpayati truly/correctly set/establish {C}

instigate; causes to be undertaken; encourages to
yang dag par gyed pa {L}
byed pa grub grub

grubs/grub grubs {MSA}samudgama truly
establish
yang dag par sgrub

samudgacchati (=samudagacchati) true
establishment; truly establish; correctly establish
{C}arrive at; result in full knowledge; gain full
knowledge; attain enlightenment; fise up together;
reach the fullness of perfection
yang dag par sgrub pa
{C}samudgacchati; {L}samudgama true

establishment; truly establish; correctly establish
knowledge; attain enlightenment; fise up together;
yang dag par sgrub pai

de kho na bsgrub sgrub
bsgrubs sgrubs {MV}samyakpratipatti-tattva
truly established reality
yang dag par sgrub

pai de bzhin nyid bsgrub
sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}samyak-pratipattitathat truly established suchness
yang dag par sgrub par
byed do bsgrub sgrub

bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}(sa pad): sapdayeyam
truly establish; correctly establish
sacodayanti correctly impel; impel
yang dag par grub {MSA}
yang dag par bsgrub pa
samudgata truly establish; correctly establish
yang dag par grub pa

sgrubs (sam-ud- gam): {C}samudgamanat;
{MV}samudgacchati truly establish; true
establishment; correctly establish {C}arrives at
the full possession of
{C,MSA,MV}samudgama truly establish; true

establishment; correctly establish {C}full
attainment; final achievement; full possession; full
knowledge
yang dag par grub par
684
yang dag par bsgrub par

bgyis bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs
sgrubs {C}samudgamya truly establish; true
establishment; correctly establish {C}in full
possession of
{C}get from
yang dag par joms pa
gzhom joms bcom choms {C}

samudghta completely destroy; completely
supress {C}uprooting
yang dag par bsgrub par yang dag par rjes su bltao
gyur bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs
sgrubs {C}sasdhayati; {C}samudgacchati
truly establish; correctly establish {C}
accomplish
yang dag par bsgrubs pa

{C,MSA}samudnta truly establish; true
establishment; correctly establish {C}procured

(a claim or right to)
yang dag par bcom
gzhom joms bcom choms {L}utsarga

completely destroy/overcome/triumph over
yang dag par bcom pa
{MSA,MV}(sam-anu pa): samanupayati

completely observe; correctly observe
yang dag par rjes su

mthong ba {C}samanupayati completely
observe; correctly observe {C}reviews
yang dag par rjes su ma
mthong {C}asamanupayan not completely

observe; incorrectly observe {C}(since I) do not
see; not reviewing; do not see as a real thing
su mi mthong ba {C}asamanupayanat not

completely observe; incorrectly observe {C}
non-reviewing
chad chad chad chad {C}samucchinna;
{C}samucchinnatva completely cut; complete

annihiliation {C}completely cut off; abolished;
has been quite cut off; free from
yang dag par brjod pa {C}
samudrita; {Toh.360} sagti {PH}correctly

express
yang dag par nyams pa {MSA}

samudghta completely abandon
yang dag par jug {MSA}samyag
vartate correctly engage in; correctly enter into;

real engagement
yang dag par jug pa {C}
sampravea correctly engage in; correctly enter

into; real engagement {C}entrance
yang dag par jug par
byed {C}saniveayati correctly engage in;

correctly enter into {C}entrust
yang dag par jog par byed

{C}pratihpayati correctly posit; establish
yang dag par rjes su mthong
yang dag par rjes
samutsditatva; {C,MSA}samudghta; {MSA}

samutpana completely destroy/overcome/
triumph over {C}has been utterly destroyed;
uprooting
yang dag par chad pa
{C}payati correctly view; completely view

{C}to see
685
yang dag par rtog pa {MSA}

sakalpa completely conceive
yang dag par rtogs pa

sampratyaya (=sapratipatti; samyagavabodhi)
completely realize; correctly realize {C}
conviction
yang dag par lta
blta lta bltas ltos {C}vyavalokayati completely

view; correctly view {C}behold; survey;
consider; look down (on) (from on high)
yang dag par ston pa
overcoming; transcending
yang dag par das pa
saharayati; {C}sadarika; {C}sadarayati;

{L}samprakana; {C}samprakayati; {C}
samprakan; {MSA}sadarana; {MSA}
sadeanat; {MSA}samkhyna; {MSA}samyagdarikatva; {MSA}samyag-deikatva completely
teach; correctly teach {C}incites; instructs;
reveals; show (up); hold up to; instruct; exhibits;
make visible; to illuminate; reveal; explain;
revelation
{C}samatikrnta; {C}samatikrntatva; {L}

samatikramya completely pass beyond;
completely transcend {C}transcends; having
transcended; completely transcended; have
completely risen above; overcoming; transcending
yang dag par du ba {C}
samavasaraa completely collect; completely

assemble {C}meeting; come together
yang dag par ston par
yang dag par du ba ma
byed pa bstan ston bstand

stond {C}sadarika; {C}samprakayati
completely teach; correctly teach {C}incites;
instructs; reveals; show (up); hold up to; instruct;
exhibits; make visible; to illuminate; reveal;
explain; revelation
lags {C}asamavasaraa not completely collect;

not completely assemble {C}unmeetable
yang dag par du shes {C}
bhta-saj correct conception; {T} correct

discrimination {C}true perception
yang dag par bstan pa
yang dag par bsten pa
sadarayati completely teach; correctly teach

{C}show (up); hold up to; instruct; exhibits; make
visible; to illuminate; reveal; explain; revelation
bsten sten bstend stend {L}sasevana
completely/correctly rely upon/make use of/stay
close to/adhere to
sayama correctly restrain {T}
sampayati completely view; correctly view

{C}beholds; have regard for
yang dag par bsdu bar
yang dag par mthong ba {C}
byao {C}saghtavya one should completely

collect/assemble {C}should win over
sampayan completely view; correctly view

{C}counting over; when he considers
yang dag par bsdus pa
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {C}sagraha
completely collect/assemble/summarize {C}
{L}samudgama completely obtain; correctly

attain; real attainment arrive at; full attainment;
final achievement; full possession; procuring; full
knowledge
yang dag par da ba {C}
drawing inwards; comprehension; assembling;

means of conversion
yang dag par gnas pa {MSA}
samatikrmati; {C}samatikrama completely pass

beyond; completely transcend {C}transcends;
du du/dud dus
dus {C}pratisamharaat; {C}sagraha
completely collect; completely assemble {C}
drawing inwards; comprehension; assembling;
means of conversion
yang dag par sdom pa {MSA}
yang dag par mthong {C}
yang dag par thob pa
yang dag par dus pa
(sa sth): satihate completely abide
686
yang dag par mnos pa i
yang dag par blangs {C}
yang dag par snang ba
yang dag par blangs pa
rgya {C}sampratcchati; {C}sampratcchatm

completely cause to receive {C}welcome; assent
to
snang snang snang snang {C}sadye
completely appear; correctly appear {C}make

a good figure
yang dag par spong ba
{MSA,MV,L}samyak-praha thorough
{C,MSA}samdna; {L}samdya completely

adopt; completely assume; correctly adopt {C}
having taken upon himself; in conformity with;
undertakes to observe
yang dag par byed pa {L}
sacodayanti completely separate; completely

differentiate; completely open
abandoning
(1) abandoning of afflictions already produced; (2)

non-generation of afflictions not yet generated; (3)
increasing of pure phenomena already generated;
(4) generation of pure phenomena not yet generated
yang dag par spyod pa
yang dag par sbyor ba
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}sayojana;

{MSA}saniyojana completely train/engage/
appply in; completely practice
yang dag par myong ba {MSA}

savedana completely experience
samudcra correct practice; correctly prepare
yang dag par spyod par
gyur ro spyad spyod spyad spyod

{C}samudcr bhaviyanti correct practice;
correctly prepare {C}will persist by force of
habit
yang dag par phags pa {C}

samudgato become completely superior {C}
arisen
yang dag par
phags par gyur ba {C}samudagcchati

(=samudagacchati) become completely superior
knowledge; attain enlightenment; rise up together;
yang dag par phel bar
yang dag par dmigs
samupalabhyate completely observe; correctly

observe {C}be apprehended
yang dag par smra
bas smra ba yin {C}samyag-vadamno vadet

propound through correctly propounding {C}
he would be speaking right
yang dag par tshim par mdzad cing yang dag par
stobs pa dang {C}satarpana {C}refreshment
yang dag par dzin du jug

{C}samdpayati (=grahaya yatna-karat)
engage in completely apprehending {C}
instigate; causes to be undertaken; encourages to
yang dag par dzin pa
gyur {C}savardhayati completely increase;

correctly increase {C}grows
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}pratyeaka

(=grhaka); {MV}samdna completely
apprehend; correctly apprehend {C}those who
grasp; recipient; one who has an interest in; one
who searches for
yang dag par blang te

gnas pa {L}samdya-vartate abide having
completely adopted {T}
samdya completely adopt; completely

assume; correctly adopt {C}having taken upon
himself; in conformity with; undertakes to observe
687
yang dag par rdzogs
yang dag par gzigs pas
pai byang chub {C,MSA}samyak-sabodhi;

{L}anuttar-samyak-sabodhi complete,
perfect enlightenment complete unsurpassable
enlightenment; {C}full enlightenment
{C}payan through having correctly seen {C}

seeing; knows what he does
yang dag par gzeng

sa bstod pa {C}samuttejayati {C}fill with
enthusiasm; instigates to
yang dag par
rdzogs pai sangs rgyas {L}samyak-sabuddha

complete, perfect Buddha; completely, perfectly
Buddhified
yang dag par bzung ba {MSA}
dag par rdzogs pai sangs rgyas seng ge rtsal

*Siha-vikrama; {MaVy} Siha-vikrama (= seng
gei tsal) {PH}the completely perfect Buddha
Siha-vikrama
yang dag par yod pa exist as [its
sadhraa; {C}saghta correctly apprehend;

correctly grasp {C}embodied in; comprised;
collected; incorporated; comprehended
yang
own] reality; really exist
yang
yang dag par zhi bar byed
dag par rab tu dga bar mdzad pai phyir {C}

sampraharaa-artham {C}in order to gladden
pa {C}praamana completely pacify {C}

allayer; appeasing
yang dag par zhugs pa
yang dag par rab tu jog
go {MSA}samyak pradadhti correctly posit
yang dag par rab tu ston

samrohati; {C,L}samprasthita; {C}samyakpratipanna completely enter; correectly
approach {C}mount on; set out for; reside in;
one who progresses in the right direction

(sa-pra k): {MSA}saprakaka; {C}
samprakan correctly teach; correct teaching;
correctly indicate {C}reveal; revelation
yang dag par zhugs pa
yang dag par rab tu brtson
jug zhug jug zhugs zhugs

{C}sampratihati completely enter; correectly
approach {C}set out (for)
yang dag par zhum
pa {MSA}samyak-prayukta correct effort
yang dag par rig pa {L}

pratisavid correct awareness; correct
knowledge
jum jums zhum zhums {C}sayojana
yang dag par len (sam- d):
completely slack/discouraged/weak/timid/
cowardly {C}fetter
{MSA}samtte; {MSA}samdatte correctly

appropriate; completely take
yang dag par gzhom pa
yang dag par len du jug
pa {MSA}samdpana; {MSA}samdpayati;
{MSA}samdpayate engage in correct
appropriation; correctly appropriate; completely
take
samudghta complete destruction; completely

destroy {C}uprooting
yang dag par zad pa {C,MSA}
yang dag par len pa {MSA}
sakaya complete extinction; completely

exhaust
yang dag par gzigs nas
samdna correctly appropriate; completely

take
having correctly seen
688
yang dag par len par byed
{L}samdna correctly appropriate; completely

take
yang dag par shes pa {L}
yang dag pa ma yin
yang dag par shes par
pai kun tu rtogs pa {MSA,MV}abhta-parikalpa

unreal imputation; unreal ideation
gyur (sa j): {MSA}sajnite correctly

cognize
yang dag par bshad
yang dag par so sor rtog pa
{MSA,MV}bhta-pratyavek correct individual

investigation
yang dag par gsung ba {C}

bhta-vdin speak correctly {C}speaks in
accordance with reality
yang dag mi stong {C}abhta-nya

{C}unreal and empty
yang dag min {C}abhto unreal;

abhta-kalpa; {MV}abhta-kalpana unreal
conceptuality
samudghta completely eliminate/eradicate/

remove/clear away/avoid/exclude {C}uprooting
{MSA}saparivarjanya should be correctly

abandonned {T}
yang dag spyod pa

spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}samcra; {MSA}
samudcra correctly practice; correct practice
yang dag blangs pa {C}savara;
{C}samdna correctly adopt; correct adoption;

correct assertion; correctly assume; correctly
take up {C}restraint
yang dag min rtog rgyu

mtshan {MSA}asakalpa-nimitta cause of
unreal ideation
yang dag min
rtog yin par rtogs pa rtogs

rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}abhta-vikalpa-bodha
understand unreal conceptuality
yang dag min pa nyid {MSA}

abhtatva unreality; incorrectness
yang dag min yang

dag ma yin min {MSA}na bhto nbhta
neither real nor unreal
yang dag smon pa
{PH}pure
aspiration
byung byung byung byung {MSA}samudgama;

{MSA}samudbhava; {C}pradurbhuta completely
arise {C}(became) manifest; come out of
yang dag mtshan nyid
{PH}pure
character
unreal; incorrect
{MSA}abhta-kalpa; {MSA}asat-kalpa unreal

conceptuality
yang dag min rtog {MSA,MV}
bsal sel bsald seld {C}
yang dag ma yin {MSA}asat
yang dag ma yin rtog pa
incorrect
yang dag par bsal ba
yang dag byung
yang dag ma yin kun rtog

pa {MV}abhta-parikalpa unreal imputation
pai dngos po {MSA}samyag-dean-vastu thing

which is correctly explained
dag ma yin kun tu rtog pai rnam par rig pa

abhtaparikalpavijapti cognition of unreal
ideation
yang dag ma yin kun rtog
parijna correct consciousness; correctly

cognize
yang dag spang bar bya
yang
689
yang dag dzin
{PH}again and again {C}regularly; continually;
every moment; repeatedly; constantly; perpetual; all
the time
Wrapped in white clothes and adorned with a
garland, [the craftsman] should rub [his body] again
and again. {TMK} I.4.28
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MV}samdna

completely apprehend; correctly apprehend
yang dag rdzogs {MSA}sapra

complete perfect
yang dag rdzogs pa thoroughly
yang dang yang du
complete
yang dag rdzogs pai
byang chub {C}samyak-sabodhi thoroughly

complete enlightement; complete enlightenment;
perfect enlightenment {C}full enlightenment
yang dag ye shes {MSA}bhta-
ston par mi byed pa bstan

ston bstand stond {MSA}abhkam na deayet
not teach again and again
yang dang yang du sbyin pa

{MSA}abhka-dna give again and again
jna; {MV}samyagjna exalted wisdom of

reality; correct exalted wisdom {T}
yang dang yang
su smin pai mtshan nyid {MSA}samyak-paripkalakaa completely matured character
yang du {MSA}puna puna again and
du yid la byed pa goms na if one familiarizes,

taking to mind again and again{TGP}
yang dag yongs

yang dag rab tu spong
sapravarjana completely abandon
yang di skad ces gsol spoke

thus{S}
yang na or; or, in another way;
yang dag rig {MSA}pratisavedan
moreover{BJ 48.4}
yang ba laghu; laghutva light; lightness

yang ba nyid {C}laghutva {C}lightness
yang ma not yet; not again
yang rtse {PH}peak; pinnacle
yang zhing g.yo ba light and
complete awareness; correct awareness; correct

knowledge
yang dag lam {PH}correct path

yang dag shes pa {MSA}satrita;
samyak-jna; {GD:657} samyagjna correct
consciousness; completely cognize {GD:621}
correct cognition; {GD:657} right cognition
moving{D1}
yang dag bshad {C}samudrita;
yang yang {MSA}bhkya again and
{MSA}saprakita; {MV}samkhyta
thoroughly explained; correctly explain;
completely explain {C}proclaimed
again
yang yang byas pa one who has
yang dang yang {C}abhkam
done again and again
yang lag can {GD:238} wholes

yang log {PH}real and unreal; correct and
(=puna puna); {MSA}abhkatva again and

again {C}regularly; continually; every moment;
repeatedly; constantly; perpetual; all the time
yang dang yang du {C,MSA}
mistaken
yang log kun rdzob
abhkam {C}(= puna puna); {MSA}puna

puna; {MSA}bhyo bhya again and again
again
unreal conventional [truths]
690
{PH}real and
agavara secondary color
yang sos {LCh}sajva Reviving Hell
yang srid pa {MV}punar-bhava further yan lag gi dam tshig
being; be again
{PH}
branch commitments
yang srid pai nyon mongs
yan lag gi rlung secondary winds

yan lag brgyad ldan gyi
pa {PW8-H} punarbhavaklenm {PH}the

afflictions that give rise to another existence
lam aagamrga eight-branched path
yang srid mi dod {MSA}
yan lag lnga dang ldan
nisphasya punar-bhave not desire further

existence
pai gsung {C}pacgavky(r)thopeta speech

having the five branches {C}a voice which has
five qualities
yang slar gzhog kyang {C}
(punar eva) nikipeyu {C}could drop again
yangs {C}pthu; {C}mahad-gata; {MSA}
yan lag can {N}avayavin partspossessor; whole{N}
udra; {MSA}vipula; {MSA}bag yangs su byas pa =

pratiprasrambhaa wide; broad; extensive; vast
{C}many; all; long; very much; large; gone great
yangs pa {MSA}vipulat; {MSA}viada;
{MSA}vaipulya (e.g.: amatha-jna-vaipulya); {L}

viala; {C}udra wide; broad; extensive; vast
{C}sublime; exalted; uncommon degree of
yangs pa rgyas pa vipula; vaipulya
yan lag bcas pa {C}sga
having branches; having limbs {C}with their

limbs
yan lag nyams pa {C}hna-aga

{C}of small limbs
yan lag dang nying lag {C}

aga-pratyagni limbs and secondary limbs
{T} {C}all his limbs
extensive
yangs pa can vaiali{BJ 30.4} Vaiali yan lag drug {MSA}a-aga; {MSA}
a-agin six branches
[p.n. of a city]
yan lag drug cu {MSA}ay-ag
yangs shing rgya che
bar gyur ro gyur gyurd

gyur gyurd {C}pthu-vaipulya-prpta become
extensive {C}that shall spread widely
sixty branches
yan chad
yan chod {MSA}para;

{MSA}parea above; X and above {PH}area
and areas to the west other
yan chod
and above
yan chad/ above; X
Prayer
yan lag ma tshang ba {C}vikalaaga incomplete branches; incomplete limbs

{C}deficient in limbs
yan lag mi sdug pa {C}vikta-
yab pit father [term of reference] (hon.)

yab yum pit-mt parents {PH}diety
limb; branch; member; part; element; link

division
{PH}Seven Limb
aga {C}with abnormal limbs
yan {PH}below; down

yan lag {C,MSA,MV}aga; {N}avayava
yan lag gi kha dog aga-vara;
yan lag bdun pa
and consort; buddha(s) and consort(s); parents
691
yab sras [spiritual] son(s)
yal dab me tog
yab sras kyi dgongs pa the
bras bu ga la byung byung

byung byung byung {C} kh-pat(t)ra-phalapupa-updu {C}(the arising of) branches, leaves,
fruits, and flowers
thought of the Father and his [spiritual] sons
yams {C}nadti
{PH}plague; epidemic
{C}calamity
yams ni rims las gzhan pai og nad mi bzad
pao, Plagues are intolerable illnesses under [the
category of things] other than diseases. {AGP-T}
yams nad {PH}plague; epidemic

yar gyi ngo {C}ukla-paka {PH}waxing
moon {C}the bright half of the lunar month
yar gyi mtshams med
{PH}
yar ma yar bar byao {C}
yar mar
{PH}upward and downward; upper

and lower upper and lower nose
{PH}time of increase; time of
waxing
yas up
yas kyi mche ba
{PH}upper fangs
The upper fangs of the Hayagriva in the
retinue curl upwards like [those of] an elephant.

{GCG} p.15
yal ga {C,MSA}kh; {C}prakha
yas bgrang counting up

yas rlung {PH}upper wind
yi [genetive particle] of; ; which; also
branch
{C}
rigidity; arrogance
yal ga gel pa {C}stamba
adjectival genetive; and non-case usage as but

and and
(=viapam) {C}tree
yal ga gel ba sdong bu {C}
yi (as genitive particle) of; by; in; which. (as

(stambasya) gaha {C}sapling
yal ga phra mo twig

yal ga lo dab dang ldan pa
having branches, leaves, and trunk
yal gai mdo {C}kh {C}branch

yal gai lo ma
yi ge {L,MSA,MV}vyajana; {LCh,C,MSA}
akara; {GD:124} vara letter [of the alphabet]

{PH}phoneme {C}verbal expression; syllable;
speech; imperishable
yi ge nyung du {C}sv-alpa-akara in
few letters {C}in a few words
rnying pa rnams lhags pa {C}ra-para-pala

{C}leaves have withered away
yal bar dor ba

forsake
kelayitavya {C}must carefully look after
yal ga gel {C}stambha tree
neglect; forsake
yal bar bor ba abandon; neglect;
{PH}upper opening; upper end;
latter half
yar tshe

yal bar dor/ dor/ dord/ dord/ abandon;
dor/ dor/ dor/ dord/ {MSA}upekakatva; {MSA}
upek abandon; neglect; forsake
direct transition upward
yar sna
yal ba to disappear; fade

yal bar jog neglect
yal bar dor ba
692
yi ge mnyam pa nyid {C}akara-
samat sameness of letters {C}sameness of all

letters and syllables
yi ge dang don du
rnam par gnas pa {MSA}vyajanrtha-vyavastha

abide in letters and meanings
yi ge dang tshig dang tshig
bru {C}akara-pada-vyajana letters, words,

and verbal expressions {C}letters, syllables, and
words
drug ma {PH}the six; all six

yi ge mnam par god pa
{C}
dictate
yi ger dri ba {C}likhan; {L}likhate

write {C}copy (out)
yi ger dri bar gyur ba {C}
samkarvakro {C}Identifying the Letter
likhati write {C}copy (out)
yi ge phun sum tshogs pa
yi ger drir jug pa {C}lekhana
{MSA}vyajana-sapatti complete letter;

marvellous letter
write; engage in letters {C}dictating
yi ger bris nas chang ba
yi ge bri ba {MV}lekhana; {MV}
{L}likhan-dhrayante bear in mind what is

written
lekhan write letters; write
yi ger ma log pa {MV}vyajane ...
{C}written
letter
aviparyaya non-mistaken letter; non-mistaken

with respect to letters
{C}
well-phrased
yi ge la phyin ci ma log pa
{MV}aviparyso vyajane; {MV}vyajanviparysa

non-perverse letter
yi ge la dmigs pa

vyajanlambana observing the letter {T}
yi ge legs par nges
par bshad pa {MSA}suniruktkaratva definitely

explain letters well
yi ge gsar pa
{PH}recent writings;
new texts yi
ge gsar pa rnams su rgya gar zhes bsgyur dug In
recent writings, [this] has been changed to India.
W21507 - Thuu-bkwan; Nietupski
yi gei tshogs vyajana-kya group
yi dags {L}preta preta; hungry ghost

dbye ba/ 1 sgrib pa phyi
Divisions:
ma yod pa/ 2 sgrib pa nang na yod pa/ 3 sgrib pa

phyi nang gnyis ka yod pa/ Div.: (1) having later
obstructions; (2) having present obstructions; (3)
having both later and present obstructions
yi dwags preta hungry ghost

dbye ba/ 1 sgrib pa phyi
Divisions:
ma yod pa/ 2 sgrib pa nang na yod pa/ 3 sgrib pa

phyi nang gnyis ka yod pa/ Divisions: (1) having
later obstructions; (2) having present obstructions;
(3) having both later and present obstructions
yi dwags kyi skye gnas {C}
preta-yoni hungry ghost womb {C}world of

hungry ghosts
of letters
yi ger dri {C}lekhayati write
yi ger dri bar gyur {C}likhati
{C}samkaro; {C}samkarkro; {C}
yi ge bzang po {C}suvyajana
engage in letters
write; writing
dgod god bkod god
yi ge bru {C}lipy-akara
yi gei lha akara-deva letter deity

yi ger jug pa {C}likhati write;
693
yi dwags kyi rten
can gyi so soi skye bo common being having the
basis of a hungry ghost
yi dwags kyi yul pa {C}preta-
viayika object of hungry ghosts {C}belonging

to the realm of hungry ghosts
yi dwags gro ba {C}preta-gati

{C}rebirth as a hungry ghost
yi dam {LCh}ia-devat; {C}samdnatva;
{C}samdnatva [mind-firm]; personal deity;

tutelary deity; promise; vow; one who has a vow;
deity {C}sense of obligation
yi dam gyi lha personal deity; tutelary

deity
yi dam ma nyams pa {C}
samdna not forsake [ones] promise/vow

{C}undertaking; (one who gives) his undivided
attention to; take upon themselves; sense of
obligation; they have acquired; has cultivated
samdna not forsake [ones] promise/vow
{C}undertaking; (one who gives) his undivided
attention to his task
{PH}Six-syllable
[mantra]
yig ge par bsten
{PH}secretary;
clerk
yig grangs line

yig cha textbook literature; monastic
yig bris {C}likhati {C}write; copy (out)

yig bri {C}likhati {C}write; copy (out)
yig bru {LCh,C}akara syllable {C}
letter; word; speech; imperishable
{PH}archival documents;
official archival records
yid {LCh,MSA,MV}manas; {MSA}manaska;
wrathful tutelary deities
yi dam zhi khroi lha tshogs
{MV}mnasa mentality; intellect; mind;

(main) perceiver; intellect [=nyon yid, afflicted
mentality (kliamanas)]; intellectual faculty
{PH}collection of peaceful and wrathful tutelary

deities
{PH}tutelary deity
with consort
yid kyi kun rtog rags pa

coarse mental conceptualization
yi dam la brtan pa {C}ddha-
samdnatva firm in [ones] vow/promise {C}

firm sense of obligation
yi bru
dang nges pai tshig bzang por bzung bar byao
{C}sunirukta {C}well analyzed (grammatically)
yi mugs pa depression;
yid kyi skyon yang
dag par sel ba bsal sel

bsald seld {C}vk-kali-vidhvasano completely
eliminate/eradicate/remove/clear away/avoid/
exclude the faults of mind {C}removing the
misery of speech
yid kyi mngon sum
mnasapratyaka mental direct perception
discouragement
yig {PH}syllable
yig ge {PH}syllable
yig ge drug pa
yig tshags
{PH}peaceful and
yi dam yab yum
enraptured; joyous
textbook; textbook; texts written in debating

style
yi dam mi nyams pa {C}acchidra yi dam zhi khro
yi rang admiration
yi rang ba {C}anumodan {C}rejoicing
yi rangs pa {C}tta-mana(s) {C}
694
yid kyi brjod pa
yid kyi rol pa
brjod rjod brjod rjod {MSA}mano-jalpa mental

expression; {T} mental repetition ??
{PH}all-encompassing
mind
yid kyi nyes pa {MSA}mana-pradoa yid kyis legs par brtags

mental fault {T}
yid kyi nyon mongs {MSA}manaklea mental afflictions
yid kyi dus te reg pa {PW8-H}

manasaspara {PH}mental-contact
yid kyi rnam par shes
yid khrugs pa
khrug khrug khrugs khrugs mana-
pradoa mental corruption
yid dga bar {C}tta-manaska
mental joy; happiness {C}enraptured; joyful;

glad
pa {MSA,MV}mano-vijna mental
consciousness{LG}; (main) perceiver
yid kyi rnam
shes; yid kyi rnam par shes pa

yid kyi rnam par shes pa mano-vijna mental
consciousness; (main) perceiver
yid kyi dbang {MSA}manasi vaitvam

mental power; mental faculty
yid kyi dbang po mana indriya
yid gyur
yid kyi mtsho Lake Mnasarovara
gyur
gyurd gyur gyurd transform the mind; mind

changing
yid gyur pa
gyur
gyurd gyur gyurd transforming the mind; mind
changing
yid ngo
such a mind
a yogi, ...
mental sense power
{PH}[appearance] to the mind; for

To the mind of
yid dngangs pa
{PH}Lake Mnasasarovara
dngang dngang dngangs dngangs {C}uttrastamnasena mentally fear/be afraid/panic {C}

afraid of
yid kyi zas mental nourishment

yid kyi las {C}vk-karman mental
action; mental activity; mental karma {C}deed

of speech; speech-action
yid kyi shing rta la dga
yid mngon mnasa-pratyaka mental

direct perceiver; mental direct perception
{GD:498} mental perception
Definitions:

mtshan nyid/ rang
ba manorathanandin {PH}Manorathanandin

grel ba yid kyi shing rta la dga bai steng
nas tshad ma gsan par bshad; It is explained that
he studied epistemology (prama) on the basis of
Manorathanandins commentary. {GCG} p. 25/46
gi thun mong ma yin pai bdag rkyen yid dbang las byung
yid kyi shes pa mental consciousness

yid kyis bsgom par bya ba
{C}mano-bhvanya object of cultivation by the

mind {C}of right mind-culture
brtag rtog brtags rtags {L}

manas-anvkita analyze well with the mind
695
bai rtog pa dang bral zhing ma khrul bai rig pa/

Definition: an awareness that is non-mistaken and
free from conceptuality which arises from its own
uncommon empowering condition, a mental sense
power

dbye ba/ 1 skabs dir bstan
Divisions:
gyi yid mngon/ 2 skabs dir ma bstan gyi yid mngon/

Divisions: (1) mental direct perceivers indicated
on this occasion; (2) mental direct perceivers not
thought of belief
indicated on this occasion
yid ches par gyur
yid mngon bcad shes mental
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {MV}sambhvan
direct perceiver that is a subsequent cognizer
yid sngang ba antipathy{S 52.3}

yid can {PH}sentient beings
yid ches {LCh,C}pta; {MV}pratyaya
bhavati believe; have belief in
yid ches par gyur na
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {MV}
sapratyaye sati if there is belief ... {T}
yid ches par byed {MV}
belief; conviction; trust; confidence {C}what

belongs; true; complete; trustworthy; full
sambhvana; {MV}sambhvan believe; have

belief in
yid ches kyi rtags *pta-liga

sign of belief
yid ches kyi rtags yang dag

{PH}correct sign of belief
yid ches par byed pa {MSA}

parasapratyaya; {MV}sambhvana; {MV}
sambhvan believe; have belief in
yid ches kyi dad pa pta-raddha yid nyes mano-daa mental violence;
mental fault
faith of conviction; knowledgable faith; trusting

faith
yid ches rjes dpag ptnuma

inference through belief {PH}inference through
correct belief
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang gi rten yid ches kyi
rtags yang dag la brten nas rang gi gzhal bya shin lkog
la mi slu bai zhen rig/ Def.: a determinative knower
that--in dependence upon its basis, a correct sign of

belief--is non-mistaken with respect to its object of
comprehension, a very hidden phenomenon
yid gnyis can {L}vimati doubting;
having doubt; having two-pointed mind {PH}

having doubt; being of two minds (on a subject)
yid gnyis med {C}nirvaimatika nondoubting; no doubt {C}unperplexed

confidence; reliance {C}rely on
yid rton pa vivsa [mind-confidence];
abhiraddadhnat; {MV}abhiraddhna;
{MSA,MV}sapratyaya; {MV}sambhvana have
conviction in{N}; belief {C}believing
confidence; reliance
yid rton par gyur ba {C}
yid ches pa la sgrib pa {MV}
vivsam gacchati confidence; reliance; be

confident; rely {C}rest on his laurels
sapratyayvaraa obstruction(s) to belief
yid brtan {L}vivasa [mind-firm];
yid ches pai dad pa
confidence; reliance; firm attitude
*abhisapratyayaraddh faith of conviction
yid brtan nas {C}vivasta having
yid ches pai lung gi tshad
relied; confidently
ma ptgama-prama prime cognizer of

believable scripture
yid brtan pa {C}vivsa; {MSA}
vaivsika [mind-firm]; confidence; reliance
sambhvanbhisamdhi believing thought;
pointed mind error; {C}perplexity; uncertainty;

consternation
yid rton {C}vivasiti [mind-confidence];
yid ches pa {N}adhimukti; {C}
yid ches pai bsam pa {MV}
yid gnyis {C}vimati doubt; two-
696
yid brtan rung ba suitable for
mtshan nyid/ rang gi jug yul
firmness of mind{N}
yid dang kun gzhi mentality and
gyi gtso bor gyur pai chos la tha gcig tu zhen kyang
bcad don ma thob pai rig pa/ Definition: A knower

which, although it one pointedly determines
the phenomenon which is its main object of
observation, does not get at an object with respect to
which superimpositions have been eliminated
basis-of-all{BAA 2a}
yid dang chos {MV}mano-dharma

mentality and phenomena
yid dang
yid spyod
dzin pa dang rnam par rtog pa {MV}manaudgraha-vikalpa mentality, apprehension, and

conceptuality
spyad spyod
spyad spyod *mana park correct

assumption
yid dang
dzin pa dang rnam par rtog par snang ba

snang snang snang snang {MSA}manaudgraha-vikalpbhsa appearance as mentality,
apprehension, and conceptuality
yid du mi ong ba {C}amanapa
[mind-to-not-come]; unattractive; not handsome;

not charming {C}unpleasant(ness)
yid du ong ba {C}daranya; {C}
manapa; {C}kamanya; {MSA}mano-j [mindto-come]; attractive; handsome; charming {C}

beautiful to behold; good looking; fascinating;
pleasant; pleasing; beautiful
yid dor ba {C}utsrau-kma wish to
cast out; want to discard {C}wants to abandon
yid phyir phyogs par gyur

{C}viph-karoti (mnasam) {C}turn his mind
away from; turn his back on
yid phyir phyogs par byed
{C}viph-karoti (mnasam) {C}turn his mind

away from; turn his back on
yid phra ba subtle mind; subtle mentality

yid phrog captivate
yid byung nas byung
byung byung byung {C}nirvia-rpa having
become disgusted {C}in disgust
yid byung bar gyur
nyams par gyur byung byung

byung byung {C}udvijati {C}becomes alarmed
yid bde saumanasya mental bliss; mental yid byed {C}manasikrat; {MV}
manaskra mental engagement; mental

contemplation; take to mind; arisen from belief
{C}put his mind to work on
pleasure
yid bde ba {L,MSA}saumanasya bliss;

happiness; pleasure; {T} mental bliss
yid nang du dzin par byed

{MSA}dhrayaty adhytma mana (dh)
apprehend within the mind
yid nur {C}dna-mnaso

in mind
yid dpyod mana-park; manaparka

correctly assuming consciousness; correct
assumption
engagement; mental contemplation; take to mind
yid byed bzhii
gnas skabs can {PH}period of the four mental

engagements
{C}despondent
Definitions:
yid byed pa {MSA}manasikra mental

yid dbang {LCh}mano indriya; mano-
vaa mental sense-power; mental power
Definitions:

mtshan nyid/ rang bras yid kyi rnam shes kyi thun mong
ma yin pai bdag rkyen du gyur pai de ma thag pai
697
yid zhe sdang gis krugs pa la
yid/ Definition: a mind that is an immediately
preceeding condition of the empowering

condition of its own uncommon effect, a mental
consciousness
yid byung ba
byung
byung byung byung {C}udvigna-mnasena;
{MSA}udvega; {MSA}nirvid {C}alarmed at
yid ma gtad inattentive mind; {T}
yid mi ches pas skrag
pai phyir skrag skrag skrags

skrags {MV}asapratyayena trasnt due to
being frightened by non-belief
yid bzhin nor bu {C,MSA}cintmai wishing-granting jewel; wish-fulfilling

jewel {T} {C}wishing-jewel
yid bzhin nor bu
lta bui sems bskyed mind-generation like wishgranting jewel
yid bzlog pa {MSA}manasas ... vtti
yid mi bde {C}anattamano; {C}
turn the mind; reverse the mind {T}
yid ong pleasant; attractive

yid g.yengs pa gyur te {C}
durmanasa; {C}durmanas; daurmanasya

unhappy; displeased; mental discomfort {C}
sad in mind; distressed; sad; dispirited
yid mi bde ba {C}durmanaska
vikipyate {C}be disturbed
yid rags pa coarse mentality

yid rang mtshan pa regular
(=durmanaskara); {C}durmanaskat; {C,MSA}

daurmanasya mental discomfort; unhappy;
displeased {C}sad in mind; distressed; sad;
dispirited; a thought of sadness; sadness
mentality
yid rab tu rang very suitable (to the
yid mi bde bar gyur nas {C}
mind); very pleasing{LG 30.5}
sudurmana being unhappy; being displeased

{C}very sad
yid rab dang {BCA} mana prasdama
yid mi byed {MV}amanaskra mental
{PH}sincere mind
gang zhig yid rab dang byed na; ... If someone

generates a sincere mind, ... {BCA} I.35a
non-engagement; mental non-contemplation;

mental inactivity; not take to mind
yid la nyal mental dormancy

yid la bya ba {C}manasikra mental
yid smon admiration; mental wish

yid tshim par byed pa {C}
engagement; mental application; mental

contemplation; mental activity; take to mind
{C}mental application; act of mind
hldana {C}mental satisfaction
yid dzin
gzung dzin
bzung zungs {MSA}mano-dhraa mental
apprehension
manasa parvtti mental transformation
fulfilling jewel
skrag skrag skrags skrags {C}anuttrastamnasena non-fearful mind; unfrightened mind

{C}one who has a mind which does not tremble
yid gzhan du gyur pa {MSA}

yid bzhin gyi nor bu wish-
unfocused mind
yid mi skrag pa
brten nas sa gzhi dmar por snang bai dbang shes

sense consciousness to which the basis (earth)
appears as red in dependence upon the minds
being disturbed by anger
yid la byas pa {L}manasikra
mental engagement; mental application; mental

contemplation; mental activity; take to mind
698
mental contemplation is perfected
{C}mental application; act of mind; attention
yid la byed pa la sgrub pa
yid la byed {L}manasikra; {LCh,MV}
manaskra; {C}manaskriy; (manasi k): {MV}

manasikurvanti mental engagement; mental
application; mental contemplation; mental
activity; take to mind; attention {C}act of
mind; attention
{MV}manaskra-pratipatti established in mental

application
yid la byed pa la
phyin ci ma log pa {MV}manaskre viparysa;

{MV}manaskrviparysa non-mistaken mental
application; non-mistaken with respect to mental
application
yid la byed dang bcas {MSA}

manaskra (sa-) having mental application;
having mental engagement
yid la byed pa {LCh,MSA,MV,C}
manaskra; {MSA,MV}manasikra; (manasi k):

{MSA,MV}manasikurvat; {MV}manasikaraa;
{MV}manasikriy; {MV}manaskrat mental
contemplation; taking to mind; mental
engagement; mental application; mental activity
{C}take to mind; attention
yid la byed pa bsgrub pa
yid la byed pa las dang
po pa manaskrdikarmika beginner at mental

contemplation
yid
la byed pa las dang po pai rnal byor

manaskrdikarmika[yoga] yoga of a beginner at
mental contemplation
yid la byed pa las dang po
ba mental contemplation of a beginner{Lati}
{MV}manasikra-pratipatti establish mental
yid la byed
engagement; establish mental application
yid la byed pa bcu gcig
pa las das pai rnal byor pa yogi who has

passed beyond mental contemplation
{MSA}ekdaa manaskra eleven mental

contemplations
yid la byed pai rnam
yid la byed pa phyin ci
par g.yeng ba {MSA,MV}manasikra-vikepa

distraction of mental application {T}
ma log pa {MV}manaskre viparysa; {MV}

manaskrviparysa non-mistaken mental
application
yid la byed pas
yongs su blang bas {C}manasikra pariyanditena

(cittena) due to adoption through mental
application {C}because his thoughts overflow
with other interests
yid la byed pa ma log pa
{MV}manaskre viparysa non-mistaken

mental application
yid la
yid la mi byed {C}amanasikra; {C}
yid la
yid la mi byed pa {C,MSA,MV}
byed pa mi mthun pai phyogs spangs pa

nirlikhita-vipaka-manaskra abandon the
discordances to mental application
amanasikrat; {C}amanasikti; {C}amanasikriy

mental non-application; mental non-attention;
mental non-contemplation; not take to mind
{C}non-attention
byed pa yongs su rdzogs pai rnal byor

atikrntamanaskra[yoga] yoga of one whose
amanasikra; {C}amanasikrat; {C}

amanasikti; {C}amanasikriy mental nonapplication; mental non-attention; mental
non-contemplation; not take to mind {C}non-
699
yid srubs
{PH}confused-minded
Hla-lung-pal-gyi-dor-
attention
yid la bsam {MSA}mano-ratha
jay the one who destroyed the evil minded [king

Lang-dar-ma] {Medicine Buddha sadhana}
mental thought
yid la bsam pa {MSA}mano-ratha
yin {L}bhava is; be

yin kyi ma red probably not
yin kyi red probably
yin khyab pervasion of being
yin khyab mnyam coextensive;
mental thought {PH}aspiration; hope
yid las byung

byung byung byung byung {C}mano-bhava
{C}arising in the mind
yid las byung ba
byung byung byung byung {C}mano-maya

arise from the mind {C}mind-made
mutually inclusive
yin gyur what something is

yin gro probably
yin naang yet; however; but
yin pa is; {T} being
yin pa dra it seems
yin pa mi srid pa occurence is not
yid lus mental body

yid lus thogs pa med pa
unimpeded mental body
yid shes mano-jna mental
consciousness; mental cognition

Definitions:
thun mong ma yin pai bdag rkyen yid dbang la brten
possible; that [or those] of which being it [or

them] is not possible
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ khyod kyi yin pa med
pa/ Definition: its occurence does not exist
nas skyes pai rig pa/ Definition: an awareness
that arises in dependence upon its own uncommon

empowering condition, a mental sense power
yid shes khor gyi sems
yin pa mi srid pai rtag pa
byung {PH}mental factors accompanying a

mental consciousness
yid shes rgya yan pa
permanent phenomenon whose occurence is not

possible
yin pa mi srid pai shes bya
{PH}a
dispersed mental consciousness
an object of knowledge whose occurence is not

possible; objects of knowledge of which being
Definitions:
[them] is not possible
mtshan nyid/
yid shes pa {C}mano-jna mental
consciousness; mental cognition {C}cognition

of the mind
yid
khyod kyi yin pa med pa yang yin/ bloi yul du rung ba/
Definition: its occurrence does not exist; and it is

shes su gyur pai rtog med mngon sum ltar snang

snang snang snang snang nonconceptual pseudo/quasi/counterfeit direct
perception that is a mental consciousness
yin pa las log pa opposite from

being; non-
yid shes su gyur yin pa srid pa possible occurence;

pai rtog med log shes non-conceptual mistaken
consciousness that is a mental consciousness
occurrence is possible; that [or those] of which

being it [or them] is possible
Definitions:
700
mtshan nyid/
khyod kyi yin
pa yod pa/ Definition: its occurrence is possible
yin pa srid pai rtag pa
permanent phenomenon whose occurrence is

possible
size of a mustard seed
yungs mar {C} taila {PH}sesame oil

yungs mar gyi mar me {C}tailapradyota {C}oil-lamp
yud {C}muhrt(t)a 1/30th of a day; moment
yin pa srid pai shes bya
(brief) instant; {C}minute; second
an object of knowledge whose occurrence is

possible; object[s] of knowledge of which being
[it or them] is possible
Definitions:
mtshan
yud kyis {BCA} kaena
{PH}
instantaneously
Having relied on that [mind of enlightenment],
[one] is instantaneously liberated. {BCA} I.13c
nyid/ khyod kyi yin pa yod pa yang yin/ bloi yul du bya
rung ba/ Def.: its occurrence is possible; and it is
yud pa can {PH}Dain

yud tsam {LCh}muhrta; {C}muhrt(t)
yin par gyur pai rtag pa
something which a permanent phenomenon is
a 1/30th of a day; moment (brief) instant;

{C}minute; second; {GD:181} unit of time
approximately equal to 80 seconds
yin tshul way of being

yin tshod measure of being
yin yang is, but...; even though;
yud tsam zhig {C}muhrt(t)a 1/30th

of a day; moment (brief) instant; {C}minute;
second
regardless
yin lugs mode of being{N}

yin log opposite-from-being-something
yin log min log opposite from
yud tsam yang {C}muhrtam api
yiu tsi
yun thung ba {PH}short period of time

yun mi ring {PH}not far off
yun tsang period of time{Gn-chok};
{C}for a moment even
yun duration; period
{PH}duration; period;
enduring The duration
of six breaths is called a half-minute. Mi-pham,
being [something] and opposite from not being

[something]
Svarodaya comm. 5a.5
{PH}You Ruo [direct disciple of
Confucius]
yiu ruo
{PH}You Ruo [direct disciple of
Confucius]
yis by; by means of; with; because

yis [instrumental particle] by; with; by
length of time; duration
yun tshad
yun ring {C,MSA}cira; {MV}yatatva
means of; non-case usage as but and and
yu gur {PH}Uyghur
yu ba stem; stick; handle
yungs bra mustard seed
yungs bru tsam po
{PH}length of time; period of
time
[period-long]; long time; long duration {C}for

(so) long
yun ring du {MSA}drgha-samaya for

a long time
{PH}about the
701
yun ring du gnas par bya ba yum bu lha khang
{PH}Yum-bulha-khang [Imperial palace of King Lha-tho-tho-rignyan-btsan]
{C}cira-sthiti-hetor abiding for a long time

{C}so that it may last long
yun ring po {MSA}yata; {MSA}drgha;

{MSA}drgha-kla long time; long duration
yun ring po nas {C,L}drghartra(m}

{C}(=drgha-klam) for a long time
yun ring por nas {L,C}
drgharatra(m); {C}drgha-klam for a long time
yun ring por gnas par

gyis shig {C}cira-sthitaye abide for a long time
{C}so that it may last long
yun ring bar {MSA}nuagika for a

long time
yun ring mo {MSA}ciram; {MSA}cira
paripccha-stra Stra of the Questions of

Raapala
{C}
yul khor gyi bsod snyoms
at long last
yun rings {PH}long time

yun ring su {PH}for a long time
yum {C}mt; {LCh,C,MSA}mt mother
yum gyi lhums {MSA}mtu kukim
{C}rra-pia {C}alms (of the realm)
yul
khor gyi bsod snyoms longs spyod par dod pa

rra pia paribhoktu kmena {C}one who
wants to consume alms
yul khor bsod snyoms {C}
{PH}the mothers womb
yum gyi lhums su jug pa
rra-pia {C}alms (of the realm)
yul gang du {MSA}yatra dee in
{MSA}mtu kukim avakrmati enter into

mothers womb
whatever direction; in which direction
gyur
yul gyi skye mched viaya-yatana
gyurd gyur gyurd {C}mt {C}mother
object-source
yul gyi dgag bya objective object
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus extensive,
middling, and condensed mothers [i.e.,

Perfection of Wisdom Stras]
dea; {C}di; {C}dea-antara; {C}pradea; {MSA}

gamya object; place; area{BJ 28.2}; sphere;
objects of operation; sense objects {C}region;
direction; country; part; district; to a limited extent;
definition of the doctrine; spot; piece of land; range;
realm; province; domain; sense-objects; objective
range; apartments
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ blos rig par bya ba/ Definition:
an object of knowledge by an awareness
yul khor skyong mdo raapala-
long time; long time; long duration {C}after a

ong time; slowly; after awhile
yum rgyas bring bsdus
yul {LCh,C,MSA,MV,L}viaya; {LCh,MSA}
{C}kingdom; nation; royal city; countryside (of his

kingdom)
yun ring mo zhig {C}cirea for a
yum gyur
{PH}Yum-bulha-khang [Imperial palace of King Lha-tho-tho-rignyan-btsan]
yul khor {C}rra; {C}rjya-rra
for a long time; long time; long duration
yun ring lon nas {C}cirya
yum bu lha mkhar
of negation
yul gyi sgo nas {MSA}deatas from
the viewpoint of the place; from the viewpoint of
702
are necessarily existent]
yul can gyi dgag bya med na dgag
mi dgos if the object of negation of an objectpossessor were non-existent, there would be no
need to refute it
the object {T}
yul gyi lta ba
bltas ltos objective view
blta lta
yul gyi steng nas grub
pa viaya-siddhi objective establishment;

establishment right with the object; objective
existence
blta lta bltas ltos subjective view
yul gyi dbus di {C}madhya-dea

{C}middle region
yul gyi mi la
mthu dang brtson grus thob pa
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}janapada-sthma-vrya-prpta {C}one who feels
strong and secure in his kingdom
yul gyi dzin stangs

of apprehension of objects
yul nges viaya-pratiniyama; viniyata
determining [mental] factor; determining factor
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 dun pa/ 2 mos pa/ 3 dran
pa/ 4 ting nge dzin/ 5 shes rab/ Divisions: (1)
aspiration (chanda); (2) belief (adhimoka); (3)
mindfulness (smti); (4) meditative stabilization
(samdhi); (5) wisdom (praj)
{PH}conventional
designations
yul can mthun pai don

dam concordant subjective ultimate{N}
yul can don dam subjective

ultimate{N}
yul can don dam dngos

actual subjective ultimate{N}
yul nges pa deaniyata limited place

{GD:123} spatially determinate
yul can viayin; {L}viaya; {C}gocara

object possessor; subjective [i.e. a mind];
object-possessor {PH}object possessor; subject;

subjective [consciousness] {C}ranging; range;
sphere; {GD:426} subject
don gyi rang mtshan thob pai yul can subjects
that deliver specifically characterized objects
{GD:426}
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang yul ci rigs dang
ldan pai dngos po/ Definition: a thing which has
any sort of object ?{T}
negation of an object-possessor [i.e. a mind; these
yul can tha snyad
It is a sign of all phenomena being merely posited

as existing through the force of conventional
designations without being established from the
side of the object, since when imputed objects are
sought, they are utterly not there in any objective
way. {HHDL KMW}
{PH}mode
yul can gyi dgag bya object of
yul can gyi lta ba
703
yul can rnam grangs

pai don dam non-metaphoric subjective
ultimate
yul chung ba {MSA}partta-viaya

small object
yul rtogs mkhan
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs consciousness
realizing an object; realizers of their objects
yul rtogs tshul
{PH}the mode of
realizing objects
yul steng nas objectively

yul steng nas grub pa objective
establishment; establishment from within the
object; objective existence
yul thob par bya bai phyir
yul rnam grangs pai don
{MSA}viaya-prptaye through obtaining an
object
yul mtha {C}anta-dea
dam metaphoric objective ultimate{N}
yul rnam grangs
{C}border-
regions
ma yin pai don dam non-metaphoric objective

ultimate{N}
yul mthun pai don dam
yul rnams la ma chags
concordant objective ultimate{N}
yul dang dus {MSA}dea-kla
pai lam {MSA}viayev asakti-mrga path of

non-attachment to obejcts
direction and time
yul phyogs [area-direction]; region

yul phyogs kun {PH}all regions
yul dbang phrad meeting of sense
yul dus rnams pa nges pa
deaklkraniyata {GD:250} having a definite

position in space and time as well as having a
definite nature
yul de nyid na gnas
power and object{LG}
pai du byed {MSA}dea-stha eva saskre (tad-)

discrimination which abides in that very object
{T}
yul de gnyis
{GD:123}
unmixed in place; spatially determinate
yul mi med pa {C}vijanapada not

objectless {C}lonely
yul de rtog pa la snang ba
yul med {C}adea objectless; non-

{GD:547} objects that appear to thought
object; non-place {C}without a place
yul gzhan du gro ba {MSA}
yul don dam objective ultimate{N}

yul don dam dngos {N} actual
dentara-gamana go to another place
yul gzhan du phyin pa {MSA}
objective ultimate
anya-dea-prpti go to another place
yul durg six objects
yul gzhan du pho ba {MSA}
Divisions: dbye ba
/ gzugs/ sgra/ dri/ ro/ reg bya/ chos/ Div.: form,
sound, smell, taste, tangible object, phenomenon
dentara-sakrnti move to another place {T}
yul gzhan na gnas pa {MSA}

anya-dea-stha abide in another place
yul yon tan ldan {MSA}gua-vat ...
{PH}its object
-- the four noble truths
dea having other qualities
yul na gnas pa {C}pradea-stha
abide in an object; abide in a place {C}stand at

a spot; placed (in a place)
yul rnam viaykra object aspect

the area of) Vraas, modern-day Benares
yul ma dres pa
snang gi rnam par char ba

snang snang snang snang object appearing in
the aspect of dualistic appearance; an objects
appearing in the aspect of dualistic appearance
yul bden pa bzhi
yul bangs {PH}peasant; serf

yul bha ra a zhi vraas(-dea) (in
704
yul la lta ba
blta lta
bltas ltos {GD:625}viaya-locana {GD:625}

seeing the object
yul la yod pa
{GD:486} existing in
ye shes kyi rgyu mtshan {MSA}
the object
yul la lar kvacit-dea in some places

yul shes pa {C}dea-ja object
jna-nimittatva cause of exalted wisdom
consciousness; consciousness of a place {C}one

who knows the suitable place
yul so so nges pa viaya-
level of exalted wisdom; place of exalted wisdom

{T}
ye shes kyi pha rol tu phyin
pa {MSA}jna-pramit perfection of exalted

wisdom
pratiniyama determining [mental] factor
yul lha {PH}local deity

ye stong od gsal primordial
ye shes kyi phyag rgya jnamudr wisdom seal
ye shes kyi tshogs {MSA,L}jna-
emptiness and luminosity
ye thog primeval
ye thog gi gzhi primeval basis
ye thog gzhii gnas lugs
sabhra collection of wisdom; accumulation of

wisdom
ye shes kyi tshogs sgrub
achieving through the collection of pristine

wisdom
primeval basic mode of subsistence
ye gdod ma primordial start

ye ldan primordial endowment
ye nas byang chub pa
ye shes kyi rig ma jna-vidy

Wisdom Knowledge Woman
ye shes kyi lam {MSA}jna-mrga

path of wisdom
primordially enlightened
ye shes kyis bskul ba {MSA}
ye nas sangs rgyas pa
jnena prerit exhort by means of exalted

wisdom {T}
primordially enlightened
ye med pa sarvath bhva utter non-
ye shes kyis khyab pa {MSA}
existence{N}
jna-vypta pervaded by wisdom
ye med pa ... ma yin {MV}na ...
ye shes kyis yongs zin pa
sarvath bhva not utter non-existence
{MSA}jna-parigraha thoroughly apprehended

by exalted wisdom {T}
ye med pas ni ma yin {MV}na
ye shes khyad
tu sarvath nsti nor is it utterly non-existent
ye shes {MSA,MV,L}jna pristine
par du phags pai phrin las {MSA}jna-vieakarman activity of superior exalted wisdom {T}
wisdom; exalted wisdom; wisdom cognition;

knowledge
ye shes kun gyi rgyu mtshan
{MSA}sarva-jna-nimittatva cause of all exalted

wisdoms
ye shes kyi khyad par {MSA}
ye shes cung zad babs pa

bab babs bab babs those
upon whom a little wisdom has descended
ye shes chen po nyid {MSA}jnamahattva greatness of exalted wisdom
jna-viea feature of exalted wisdom {T}
ye shes kyi gnas {MSA}jnraya
705
ye shes chos sku jna-dharma-kya
pristine wisdom body of attributes; wisdom
truth body; wisdom body of attributes
{MSA}viuddha ... jna pure wisdom
ye shes jug pa {MSA}jna-pravtti

engage in wisdom; enter into wisdom
ye shes snying po jnagarbha
ye shes pa jnasattva wisdom being;

being of wisdom
ye shes pa gzhug pa entry of the

wisdom being; entry of a wisdom being
essence of wisdom; p.n. of the chief follower of

Bhvaviveka
ye shes dpal {C}jna-ketu glorious

exalted wisdom {C}the ensign of cognition
ye shes snying po
kun las btus btu thu btus

thu Jna-garbha-samuccaya ryadevas
Compendium of the Essence of Wisdom{BJ 50.3}
ye shes thams cad chags pa ma mchis
ye shes spyan ldan
{PH}endowed
with the eye of the wisdom
ye shes bla na med pa {MSA}

jnnuttarya sublime wisdom; unsurpassed
wisdom
ye shes byung gnas
pa dang thogs pa ma mchis pa {C}sarvajatasaga-apratightit unobstructed and

unattached with respect to exalted wisdom of all
aspects {C}unobstructed when attached to allknowledge
chen po dra byung byung

byung byung {MSA}jnkaropama (mah-) like
the great source of exalted wisdom {T}
ye shes thogs pa mi mnga
ye shes ma bsgribs pa {MSA}

anvta-jna unobstructed wisdom
ba mnga mnga mnga mnga

{MSA}apratihata jna; {MSA}avyhatajna without obstructions to exalted wisdom
{T}
ye shes brtson grus rtsom
karman wisdom and action
ye shes tshul sgo {C}jna-naya-
ye shes dang las {MSA}jna-
ye shes rdo rje jna-vajra wisdom-
dvra modes and doors of wisdom {C}doors

and methods of cognition
ye shes tshogs {L}jna-sabhra
vajra
ye shes rdo rje
pa {MSA} jnasya vryrambhasya {PH}

initiation of effort [in dependence upon] exalted
wisdom
collection of wisdom
gtsang pa rgya ras ye shes rdo rje/ Tsang-pa

Gyay-ray-ye-shay-dor-je (1161-1211), a Ka-gyu
(bka brgyud) scholar {PH;G1:15}
ye shes mtsho rgyal p.n. of a
catur-vidha ... jna four aspects of exalted

wisdom; four types of exalted wisdom {T}
ye shes gzigs pa {C}jna-
female Tantric siddh, the Tibetan consort of

Padmasabhva
ye shes ni rnam pa bzhi {MSA}
darana exalted wisdom and seeing {C}vision

and cognition
ye shes rnam pa
sna tshogs pai phrin las {MSA}citrkra-jnakarman activities of the various exalted wisdoms
{T}
ye shes rnam par dag pa

ye shes yangs pa {MSA}jnavaipulya extensive wisdom
ye shes la cung zad

dbang thob pa
706
thob/thob
thob thob thobs those who have achieved slight
mastery with respect to wisdom
ye shes la tshol bai rnam
pa btsal tshol/tshel
btsal tshold {MSA}jna-paryey-kra aspect
of seeking/investigating/examining/researching
exalted wisdom
yo byad byor ba necessities and

acquisitions
yo re ba whole; looming
yong to come; will
yong su mi chad par gyur

paritrasyati (=paribhsate) not cut off; nonannihilation; non-nullification {C}is terrified
ye shes la yang
dag par dbang thob pa
thob/thob thob thob thobs those who have
achieved thorough mastery with respect to
wisdom
yongs whole; wholly; completely;

thoroughly {PH}whole; entirety; all
of wisdom
yongs bskor ba
shin tu rnam dag pa gnyis su med pai don {MSA}

jna ... suviuddha ... advayrtha meaning of the
non-dual, very pure exalted wisdom {T}
yongs grub
ye shes lam {MSA}jna-mrga path
ye shes
ye shes sems dpa jnasattva
{PH}wisdom being (jnasattva)
ye sangs rgyas pa primordial

buddhafication
thoroughly encircle/surround/revolve/
circumambulate/turn round/turn [a wheel]
yongs su
grub pa/ parinipanna thoroughly established

phenomenon; thoroughly established [nature]
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ bdag gnyis gang rung gis
stong pai de kho na nyid/ Def.: a suchness that is an
emptiness of either of the two selves {T}
dbye ba/ 1 gzung dzin rdzas gzhan gyis
ye sangs rgyas
Divisions:
pai dgongs pa standpoint of primordial

buddhafication
yengs distraction
yer pa {PH}[Dra (brag)] Yerpa (cave retreat
east of Lhasa)
yo ga yoga transliteration of sanskrit yoga

yo ba crooked
yo byad {C}pradna; {C,MSA}parikra
goods; necessities; assets; belongings;
possessions; requisites [of life]; acquisitions

{C}furniture; articles; donation; offering; freely
bestow; generosity; requirement; {Das} chattel
stong ba/ 2 ngo bo dang khyad du kun brtags pai

kun brtags/ 3 rang gi mtshan nyid kyi grub pai
stong ba/ Div.: (1) emptiness of apprehended
object and apprehending subjects being different
substantial entities; (2) imputations that are
imputations as entity and attributes; (3) emptiness
of [the other-powered natures] being established by
way of its own cha
yongs grub kyi mtshan nyid

parinipannalakaa thoroughly established
character
yongs gengs
dgang gengs bkang gengs {C}paparipryate

fill; fulfill; satiate {C}is fulfilled
yo byad dang nye bar mkho
ba {C}parikropakaraa {C}what is necessary

to life
bskor skor bskord skord {MSA}parivrita
707
yongs bsgos
bsgo
yongs rtog pa {C}parkaa
sgo bsgos sgos {C}paribhvita infuse; deposit;

order {C}pervaded by; fostered; exalted;
saturated with
yongs bsgrags
conceptuality; conceive; think {C}investigation;

contemplation
yongs dag {MSA}pariuddhi
bsgrag sgrog bsgrags/ sgrogs/ {C}
thoroughly pure; thorough purity
yongs dag pa {C}uddhi thoroughly
parikrtayi {C}continues to pronounce
yongs bsngo (pari am): {MSA}
pure; thorough purity {C}purity; purification
yongs dris {C}pcchati
parimayati; parimayant (=parimayato);

{C}nmayi (=parimayati) dedicate {C}to
one who turns over
yongs du prijta divine tree
yongs bsngo bar byed {MSA}
yongs don {C}samuddharati cause to
yongs bsngos {C}parimayati
come out; expel; recite; take out {C}fetch out

of
(=nirytat) dedicate {C}turns over to;

converts; transforms; dedicates to; bends to; is
applied to
yongs dris {C}paripcchati
{C}asks
(questions); questions; hopes that; enquires whether
yongs gcod {MV,N}pariccheda
yongs dren pa leader

yongs bsdus bsdu
discrimination; positive inclusion{N};
exclusionary elimination
yongs brjod
brjod
rjod brjod rjod {C}parikrtita; {C}parigyate;
{C}paridpita express {C}proclaimed; is
proclaimed; revealed; lit up; announced
sdud bsdus sdus {C}parigraha thorough

inclusion; thoroughly/completely collect/
summarize/include/bring together
yongs bsdus nas
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}parikrtita express

{C}proclaimed
yongs nyams {C}parihyati
(=pariyyate); {C}pariha abandon; thoroughly

abandon {C}dwindle away; vanish; becomes
destitute of; without; has faded away; has lost
yongs nyams pa {C}hni abandon

{C}failure; diminution; waning; loss; decrease
yongs gtad {C}parndan; {C}parndita

{C}bestowal; Entrusting; favors; favored
yongs rtog (pari kp): {C}parikalpu;

{C}parikalpati; {MSA}parikalpyamna
conceptuality; conceive; think {C}one who
imagines; imagines
{C}
shade-giving
(pari am): parimayet dedicating; dedicate
yongs brjod pa
{C}asks;
questions
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {C}parighti

(=mamatvena svkuryt) having thoroughly
collected/summarized/included/brought together
{C}takes hold of; gains; wins; seize upon; assists;
acquires; receives; takes to
yongs spong
spang
spong spangs spongs {C}parivarjayi thoroughly
abandon; thorough abandonment {C}shuns
yongs spong nyid
spang spong spangs spongs {C}parihrit

thorough abandonment {C}avoid
yongs mi gtong ba not let go

yongs smin {C,MSA}paripka; {MSA}
paripcana thorough maturing; maturing;
thoroughly ripen
708
yongs smin par byed {MSA}
with; conjoined with; affected by; grasp; hold;

conjoin with {C}collected; upheld by; taken hold
of; gain; got hold of; held back by; accomplished;
complete; grace; obtain; gaining; win; taking hold
of; acquisition; helping; assumption; acquiring;
appropriation; assistance
paripcana thoroughly maturing; maturing;

thoroughly ripen
yongs smin bya (pari pac): {MSA}

paripcana; {MSA}paripcaymi thoroughly
maturing; maturing; thoroughly ripen
yongs bzung {C}parighta; {C}
yongs smin byed {C}paripcayi
parigraha apprehend; grasp; hold; conceive

{C}upheld by; taken hold of; gain; got hold of; held
back by
(=paripcayati); {MV}paripcana; {MSA}

paripka; {MSA}paripcaka; {MSA}pcaka
thoroughly maturing; maturing; thoroughly
ripen {C}matures
yongs dzin
yongs shes {C}parijnti (=prajnti);

{MV}parijna cognize {C}comprehends
gzung
yongs shes nas {C}parijnti
dzin bzung zungs {C}parighti (=mamatvena

svkuryt) retainer; tutor {C}takes hold of;
gains; wins; seize upon; assists; acquires; receives;
takes to
yongs dzin chung ba
(=prajnti) having cognized {C}comprehends
(=prajnti) cognize {C}comprehends
{PH}junior
tutor
yongs dzin che ba
yongs su pari wholly; completely;

thoroughly
yongs su bkrol {C}parimocya
{PH}senior
tutor
yongs rdzogs
yongs shes pa {C}parijnti
{C}
has set free
yongs su skyo ba {C}kheda;
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {C}pariprayati

thoroughly complete/perfect {C}fulfills
{MSA,MV}parikheda; {MV}parikhedit thorough

aversion; completely averse fatigue
yongs rdzogs byas nas
yongs su skyo ba med pa {C}

aparikkhedanat non-aversion; non-averse
{C}indefatiguability
{C}pariprayati having completed/perfected/

fulfilled {C}fulfills
{PH}perfect blessing
yongs su skyong ba {C}
receive; ask; request {C}questions; hopes that;

enquires whether
yongs su skyob pa {C}paritrat;
yongs rdzogs byin rlabs
yongs zhus pa {C}paripcchati offer;

yongs zin {C}sambhta; {C}parighta;
{C}parinihita (bhavati) to be done with;

conjoined with; affected by; grasp; hold; conjoin
with {C}collected; upheld by; taken hold of;
gain; got hold of; held back by; accomplished;
complete
yongs zin pa {C}parigraha to be done

709
anupariplayati guard; keep; sustain; protect

{C}cherish
{C}tra; {MSA}paritra protect; guard {C}
sheltering; protection; shelter
yongs su skyobs pa paritra
protect; guard {C}sheltering; protection; shelter
yongs su bskor

bskor skor bskord skord {C}parivta; {C}
parivarttayi thoroughly encircle/surround/

revolve/circumambulate/turn round/turn [a
wheel] {C}surrounded
accomplished; brought to perfection; totally real;

look after; carry; carry out; perform
yongs su bskor ba

bskor skor bskord skord {MSA}parivrita

yongs su grub pai ngo bo nyid; yongs su grub
pai rang bzhin thoroughly established nature
thoroughly encircle/surround/revolve/
yongs su bskor bar gyur pa
yongs su grub pai mtshan
bskor skor bskord skord

{C}paricchinna (=tan-madhya-varti) thoroughly
encircle/surround/revolve/circumambulate/turn
round/turn [a wheel] {C}limited
nyid {MSA,MV}parinipanna-lakaa the

thoroughly established character
yongs su grub pai rang

bzhin parinipannasvabhva thoroughly
established nature
yongs su bskyab {L}paritrya

defend; protect; help; rescue; save
yongs su bskyab pa {C}paritra;

{C}paritrat defend; protect; help; rescue;
save {C}sheltering; protection
yongs su bskyab par byao
yongs su grub pai ngo bo nyid/ yongs su grub

pai rang bzhin {MSA,MV}parinipanna-svabhva
thoroughly established nature; thoroughly
established entityness
yongs su grol ba
grol grold grol grold {L}parimucyante
{C}trtavy (iti) one should protect; one should

defend {C}strives to save
yongs su khebs pa
thoroughly liberate; thoroughly release(d);

thoroughly loosen(ed)
kheb khebs kheb khebs {C}
yongs su grol bar gyur ro
paryavanaddha thoroughly covered/enveloped

{C}enveloped

parimucyate thoroughly liberate; thoroughly
release; thoroughly loosen {C}is liberated
yongs su mkhyen pa
yongs su grol bar byed de
{C}parijnat thoroughly know; complete

exalted knower {C}comprehension
yongs su goms pa {MSA}
parimocayati thoroughly liberate; thoroughly

release; thoroughly loosen {C}set free
paribhvana thoroughly cultivate; meditate
yongs su gyur pa {MSA}parivtti
yongs su dgams pa {C}

parindan {C}bestowal
(thoroughly) change; (thoroughly) transform

widely renowned
yongs su dgrol {C}parimocayati
thoroughly established {C}accomplished;

brought to perfection; totally real
yongs su dgrol ba {C}
parinipanna; {MV,MSA}parinipatti; {MSA}

nipanna; {C}pariharati; {C}anuhna;
{MSA}siddhi thoroughly established {C}
yongs su gyur ba
yongs su grags pa widely known;
yongs su grub {C}parinipatti
thoroughly loosen {C}set free
parimocanat thoroughly liberate; thoroughly

release; thoroughly loosen {C}set free;
liberating
yongs su grub pa {C,MSA,MV}

thoroughly liberate; thoroughly release;
710
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {L,MSA}parima
thoroughly transform; change; transformation;
evolution
affects/controls; cause to completely/thoroughly

change/transform/affect/control
yongs su gyur bai nyan yongs su sgrub pa
thos pa gyur gyurd gyur

gyurd hearer who is changeable
parinipatti (e.g.: dharmakya-parinipatti;

sarvajna-parinipatti; kualamla-parinipatti)
thoroughly establish; thoroughly established
{C}accomplishment; completion; what has the
status of a full and perfect reality; total reality
yongs su grib {C}parihi
thoroughly diminish; diminishment; diminution

{C}decrease; loss; never fails
yongs su grib pa {MSA}parihi yongs su sgrogs pai

thoroughly diminish; diminishment; diminution
yongs su grub pa {C}parinipatti

thoroughly establish; thoroughly established
yongs su grol ba
grol grold grol grold {L}parimucyante
become completely free; be thoroughly liberated
yongs su rgyas {C}parivddha
{MV}paribhvana; {L}paribhvita thoroughly

cultivate/meditate
bsgo sgo bsgos sgos {C}paribhvita
having thoroughly infused/deposited {C}

pervaded by; fostered; exalted; saturated with
yongs su rgyas pa {C}parijaya
yongs su bsgos pa
bsgo sgo bsgos sgos {C,MV}paribhvitatva;
thoroughly extend; very extensive; increase;

thoroughly fill; spread {C}(complete) mastery;
familiarity; conquest
{MV}paribhvita; {L}parivsita thoroughly

infused/deposited {C}pervaded by; fostered;
exalted; saturated with; having come forth and are
pervaded by; completely abide in
yongs su rgyu ba med pa
rgyu rgyu rgyu rgyu {C}asamudcrat

{C}habitual absence
yongs su sgom pa
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {C}paritara
(=paritrasan) (thoroughly) cultivate; meditate

{C}worry; distress
yongs su sgyur ba

bsgyur sgyur bsgyurd sgyurd {MSA}
yongs su bsgrags {C,MSA}
parikrtita widely known; widely renowned

{C}proclaimed
yongs su bsgrags nas {C}

{C}proclaimed
yongs su bsgrags pa {C}
parimana; vivartan change; completely/

thoroughly change/transform/affect/control

{C}proclaimed
yongs su sgyur bar byed pa
bsgyur sgyur bsgyurd sgyurd
{MSA}parivartaka completely/thoroughly
change/transform/affect/control; that which

completely/thoroughly changes/transforms/
yongs su bsgoms pa
yongs su bsgos nas
(=vypte) thoroughly extend; increase;

thoroughly fill; spread {C}increased; choked
with
tshul gyis {C}parikrtyamna-rpa through the

mode of (thoroughly) proclaiming/declaring
{C}proclaiming
yongs su bsgrub pa

{C}nipdayati (=parinipdayati); {C}
parinipdanat (=nipdanat = abhinirmmite);

{C}parinipdayati thoroughly establish;
711
thoroughly established {C}accomplishes;
creates; perfects; achieves; creation
(thoroughly) decide; (thoroughly) eliminate

{C}accurate definer
ascertainment; very definite; (thoroughly)

determine {C}having circumscribed
chad chad chad chad {C,L}paricchinna;
yongs su ngal ba wearying

yongs su gcod par bya ba
{GD:674} determined object
yongs su nges pa {C}paricchinnatva
yongs su chad pa
(thoroughly) ascertain; (thorough)
yongs su bsngo {C}parimayati
(=nirytat) (thoroughly) dedicate {C}turns

over to; converts; transforms; dedicates to; bends to;
is applied to
yongs su bsngo ba {C}
parimanat; {C,L}parima; {MV}pariati;

{MSA}parimana thorough dedication;
(thoroughly) dedicate {C}turns over to;
dedication; converts; transforms; dedicates to; bends
to; is applied to; evolve
yongs su bsngo bar bya {MV}
aparicchinna not cut off; non-annihilation
yongs su brjod
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}parikrtayati;
{C}parikrtita (thoroughly) express; state;

expression; (thoroughly) say {C}proclaims;
announce; speak about; proclaimed
brjod rjod brjod rjod {C}parikrtana;

{C}parikrtita (thoroughly) express; state;
expression; (thoroughly) say {C}proclaims;
proclamation; announce; speak about; proclaimed
yongs su bsngo bar byed

{MSA,MV}(pari am): parimayati
(thoroughly) dedicate
yongs su bsngos pa {MV}
yongs su brjod pai tshul

gyis brjod rjod brjod rjod
{C}parikrtyamna-rpa through the mode of
expression; by way of (thoroughly) expressing
{C}proclaiming
parimana; {MV}pariman (thoroughly)

dedicate
yongs su bsngos pa yin {C}

parimita bhavati is (thoroughly) dedicated
{C}becomes turned over
yongs su nyams {C}parihi;
yongs su bsngos par
{C}parihyati (thoroughly) degenerated;

(thoroughly) spoiled; (thoroughly) corrupted
{C}diminution; decrease; loss; never fails; dwindle
away; vanish; becomes destitute of
chud yin {C}parimita bhavati is (thoroughly)

dedicated {C}becomes turned over
yongs su bsngos pas {C}
parimayanto through (thoroughly) dedicating

{C}by having turned over
yongs su gcod (pari cchid): {MV}
paricchinatti; {MV}pariccheda (thoroughly) cut;

(thoroughly) decide; (thoroughly) eliminate
pa {C}pariccheda-kara (thoroughly) cut;
yongs su chad pa med
yongs su brjod pa
parimayitavya (thoroughly) dedicate
yongs su gcod pa byed
{C}pariccheda thoroughly cut off; thorough

annihilation {C}limited; completely free (from);
completely separated (from); delimits a certain
number of; delimit; limitation
712
yongs su nyams pa {C}pariha;
{C}parihyate; {MSA}parihi; {C}paribhraa;

{L}parihyate (thoroughly) degenerated;
{C}diminution; decrease; loss; never fails; dwindle
away; vanish; becomes destitute of; without;
has faded away; has lost; is diminished; fails of;
avoids; desists; diminish; lose; fail to win; flopped;
dropped; forsake
yongs su nyams par gyur
{C}parihna (thoroughly) degenerated;

{C}without; has faded away; has lost; is
diminished; fails of; avoids; desists; diminish; lose;
fail to win
yongs su nyams par gyur
ba (pari h): {C}parihyati; {C}parihyate;

{MSA}parihya; {MSA}parihika (thoroughly)
degenerated; (thoroughly) spoiled; (thoroughly)
corrupted {C}diminution; decrease; loss; never
fails; dwindle away; vanish; becomes destitute of;
without; has faded away; has lost; is diminished;
fails of; avoids; desists; diminish; lose; fail to win
yongs su gtang ba
gtang gtong btang thongs {C}parityajati

(thoroughly) send; (thoroughly) give away;
(thoroughly) let loose {C}renounces; abandons;

deserts
yongs su gtang ba med pa
aparityga not give away; not send; not let loose

{C}non-abandonment; non-renunciation
yongs su gtang bar byao
away; send; let go; give away; let loose; play [an
instrument] {C}one who never abandons
yongs su gtad pa {C}parndan;

{C}parndita; {C}parindan bestowal;
entrusting; favors; favored
yongs su gtugs pa {C}
paryupayoga finalization {C}the state of being

able to overlook differences
gtang gtong btang thongs {C}tyg; {MV}(pari

tyaj): parityajeta thoroughly give/treat/cast
away/send/renounce {C}renounces
yongs su btang ba
gtang gtong btang thongs {C}parimukta;
{C}parityajati; {C}paritygita thoroughly give/

give up/send/let go/renounce {C}deprived of;
renounces; abandons; deserts; renunciation
yongs su btang bar gyur

parimukta thoroughly give/give up/send/let go/
renounce {C}deprived of
yongs su btang bar bya ba
parityaktavya thoroughly give/give up/send/let

go/renounce {C}should be abandoned
yongs su btang bar byao

yongs su rtog pa {C}
parikalpyamna; {L}paritarka; {L}parikalpa

thought; conceptual thought; conceptual
consciousness; impute; imputation
consideration; think about; mental construction;
{C}indulging in imagination; reflection
yongs su rtog pa ma
mchis pa {C}parikalpita-asatt no conceptual

thought; no conceptual consciousness; not
impute; non-imputation {C}imagination of
something that is not
yongs su rtogs pa
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}park
gtang gtong btang thongs {C}parityajana;

{C}parityajati thoroughly give/treat/cast away/
send/renounce {C}renounces; abandons; deserts;
renunciation; renounce; giving away; gives; give
cover to
dtavya should/will thoroughly give/give up/

send/let go/renounce {C}should be given
{C}aparitygin thoroughly give; treat; cast
yongs su gtong ba
yongs su gtong bar byed do
yongs su gtong
{C,MV,MSA}parityga; {C}dadti thoroughly

give/treat/cast away/send/renounce {C}
renounces; renunciation; renounce; giving away;
gives; give cover to
(thoroughly) realize; (thoroughly) cognize;
713
should (thoroughly) liberate(d) {C}set free
(thoroughly) understand; (thoroughly) cognize
yongs su ltung bas completely
yongs su dag gyur {C}
parudhyati (thoroughly) purify; (thorougly)

purified {C}is completely purified
fallen into
yongs su ston
yongs su dag pa {C,MSA,MV}
bstan ston bstand stond (pari dp): {MSA}

paridpayati; {C}paridpana (thoroughly) teach;
(thoroughly) indicate {C}revelation
yongs su ston pa
pariuddhi {C}(=pariodhana); {C}pariodhayati;

{MSA}pariuddhi; {C}uddha purifying;
thoroughly pure; (thoroughly) purify;
(thorougly) purified; (thorough) purity;
thorough purity {C}perfect purity; purifying;
purifies; (fully) cleanses; pure; bright; clean
bstan ston bstand stond {C}paridpayi
(thoroughly) teach; (thoroughly) indicate {C}

reveals
yongs su ston phyir
yongs su dag
pa dang rnam par dag pa {MSA}pariuddhir

viuddhi ca thorough purity and purity {T}
bstan ston bstand stond {C}paridpa
(thoroughly) teach; (thoroughly) indicate {C}

revelation
yongs su dag pai khyad par
yongs su brtag {C}parkaa
{MSA}pariuddhi-viea feature of thorough

purity {T}
(thoroughly) analyze; (thoroughly) investigate

{C}investigation; contemplation
yongs su brtag pa bzung {C}

parikalpya; {C}parikalpa-sthne (thoroughly)
analyze; (thoroughly) investigate {C}let us
imagine; let us assume; let us reckon
brtag rtog brtags rtags {MV}park
yongs su dag par gyur ba

yongs su dag par bya ba
thoroughly analyze/investigate
yongs su brtog pa {C}
upaparkate thought; conceptual consciousness;

think; (thoroughly) conceive {C}investigate;
consider; regards as
pariodhana (=pariuddhi); {MSA}pariuddhi

object of (thorough) purification; (thoroughly)
purify; (thoroughly) purified {C}purifying;
purification
yongs su dag par byed
pa {C}pariodayati (thoroughly) purify;

(thoroughly) purified {C}purifies; (fully)
cleanses
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA,MV}paridpita

(thoroughly) indicate; (thoroughly) teach
yongs su bstan pa
bstan ston bstand stond {MV,C}
paridpita; {C}paridpan (thoroughly) indicate;

(thoroughly) teach {C}has been shown up;
elucidation; revelation; revealed; lit up; announced
yongs su thar par byao {C}
yongs su dul ba {C}paridamana
(thoroughly) discipline; (thorough) disciplining;

(thoroughly) tame {C}control
yongs su dul bar byed
{C}paridamayati (thoroughly) discipline;

(thorough) disciplining; (thoroughly) tame {C}
tames
mocayati one should (thoroughly) release; one
{MSA}pariuddha-bhmika one on the ground of

thorough purity {T}
{C}pariodhayati; {C}nigacchati (thoroughly)

purify; (thoroughly) purified {C}purifies;
(fully) cleanses; incur
yongs su brtags pa
yongs su bstan
yongs su dag pai sa pa
714
yongs su dris pa {C}paripcchati
include; (thoroughly) abridge {C}receives;

accepts; acquires; take hold of
question; ask
yongs su gdung ba {MSA}paridha

(thoroughly) torment; (thorough) mortification;
be (thoroughly) tormented; be scorched; desire;

long for

(sa grah): saghti (thoroughly) collect;
(thoroughly) include; (thoroughly) abridge
(thoroughly) collect; (thoroughly) include;
{C}anudvha non-torment; non-mortification;

not tormented; not scorched; non-desire; not
long for {C}celibacy
(thoroughly) abridge
yongs su gnas pa {MSA}parivsa
yongs su dud par byed
(thoroughly) abide; (complete) abode
yongs su snang ba
btud dud btud dud {C}

pariamayati thoroughly pay homage {C}
transforms
snang snang snang snang {C}paridpayati

appear; appearance {C}lighten up; is lit up
yongs su dri bar byao {C}
paripranayati ask; question {C}(asks) counter

questions; asks questions
yongs su dris pa {C}parijaya; {C}
suparicita; {C}paripcchati; paricaya familiarity;

thorough familiarity {C}(complete) mastery;
familiarity; conquest; become thoroughly familiar
with
yongs su dris par byed {C}

paricary karoti become thoroughly familiar
with; thorough familiarity {C}(complete)
mastery; familiarity; conquest; serve upon; gets
fully acquainted with
yongs su dpyod pa {C}
parimms (=park); {L}paricra; {MSA}

pariccheda (thoroughly) investigate;
thorough investigation; (thoroughly) examine;
discrimination {C}be acquainted with; serve;
attend
yongs su spang ba
spang spong spangs spongs {C}parivarjanat;

{MV,MSA}parivarjana; {MSA}parityga
(thoroughly) abandon; (thorough) abandonment
{C}avoidance; shuns; having expelled
yongs su spang bai thabs
yongs su dren pa
{MSA}paritygopya method of thorough
drang dren drangs drongs/drend
abandonment
yongs su spang bar bya ba
{C}pariyaka; {C}pariyika induce; inducer;

lead; leader; draw; connect; cite; guide
parivajanya; {C}parivarjayitavya; {MSA}parihra
object of thorough abandonment; thoroughly
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {C}parigraha
abandon {C}to be shunned; should be shunned/

avoided
(thoroughly) collect; (thoroughly) include;

(thoroughly) abridge {C}grace; obtain;
gaining; win; taking hold of; acquisition; helping;
assumption; acquiring; appropriation; assistance
yongs su spangs
spang spong spangs spongs {C}praha

(thoroughly) abandon; (thorough) abandonment
{C}forsaken; rid of
yongs su sdud par gyur
ro bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {C}

pratighti (thoroughly) collect; (thoroughly)
yongs su bsdu ba {MSA}parigraha
yongs su gdung ba med pa
yongs su sdud pa
yongs su sdud par byed
715
yongs su spangs pa
paryavadta; {L}paryayavad (thoroughly)
purified; (thoroughly) purify; (thorough) purity
{C}highly/completely cleansed
parivarjana (thoroughly) abandon; (thorough)

abandonment
yongs su spong
yongs su blangs {C}samdya
(thoroughly) adopt; (thoroughly) assume;

(thoroughly) take up; take; receive {C}having
taken upon himself; in conformity with; undertakes
to observe
spang spong spangs spongs {MSA}parivarjanat;

{MSA}(prati h): pratiharanti (thoroughly)
abandon; (thorough) abandonment
yongs su spong ba
yongs su sbyang pa
sbyang sbyong sbyangs sbyongs {MSA}
spang spong spangs spongs {MV}(pari vj):

parivarjayati; {MSA}(prati h): pratiharanti;
{MSA}parivarjana (thoroughly) abandon;
(thorough) abandonment
yongs su spod {C}paribhujati
pariodhana; {MSA}viodhana; {C}parikarman

thoroughly purify/wash/practice/train/cleanse/
clean {C}(necessary) preparation
yongs su sbyang ba bgyis
{C}
consumes
yongs su spyad
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}paribhunakti

(thoroughly) practice; (thoroughly) enjoy;
(thoroughly) make use of; perform {C}enjoys
the use of; relishes; enjoys; uses; consumes; derives
enjoyment from
yongs su spyad pa
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}paribhoga

(thoroughly) practice; (thoroughly) enjoy;
(thoroughly) make use of; perform
yongs su spyod
spyod spyad spyod {C}paribhujati (thoroughly)

enjoy; (thoroughly) make use of; (thoroughly)
practice; (thoroughly) act out; perform; deeds;
performance; practice(s) {C}consumes
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}paribhoga; {MV}

pariccheda (thoroughly) enjoy; (thoroughly)
make use of; (thoroughly) practice; (thoroughly)
act out; perform; deeds; performance;
practice(s)
yongs su phyi rol tu gyur
{MV}parikarma; {MV}parikarmitatva thoroughly

purified/washed/practiced/trained/cleansed/
cleaned

{MSA}pariodhayitavya will/should thoroughly
thoroughly purify/wash/practice/train/cleanse/
clean
yongs su sbyangs pa
pariodhana thoroughly purify/wash/practice/

train/cleanse/clean
yongs su sbyangs
pa byas pai rnal byor sbyang
sbyong sbyangs sbyongs ktaparicaya[yoga]
yoga of someone who is practiced
sbyang sbyong sbyangs sbyongs {C,MSA,MV}

pariodhana {C}(=pariuddhi); {C}pariodhanat;
{C}pariodhayati; {MSA}viodhana; {C}
parikarman; {C}bhmi-parikarman; {C}parijaya;
parivhya {C}expelled
byang byangs byang byongs {C,MSA}
yongs su sbyong ba
yongs su byang ba
yongs su sbyang ba byas pa

yongs su sbyang bar bya
spyad
yongs su spyod pa
{C}kta-parikarma thoroughly purify/wash/

practice/train/cleanse/clean {C}make the
necessary preparations
716
{L}pariodha thorough purification/cleansing/
washing/practicing/training/cleaning {C}
purifying; purification; purifies; (fully) cleanses;
(necessary) preparation; preparation for the
grounds; (complete) mastery; familiarity; conquest
yongs su sbyor ba

sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord pariyukta thoroughly
join/connect/apply/exert
yongs su ma grub pa {C,MSA}
yongs su mi skyo {C}aparikhedit
non-aversion; not averse {C}indefatiguability
yongs su mi ngal {C}aparirnti
non-fatigue; non-weariness {C}(persistent)
aparinipatti thoroughly non-established;

not thoroughly established {C}absence of
accomplishment; not totally real
indefatiguability
yongs su ma nyams pa {MSA}
aparihika non-degenerate; not corrupted {T}
yongs su ma btang ba
yongs su ma shes pa yongs su shes par bya bai

dbang po {C}anjatm-jsymi-indriya the
power which cognizes what is not yet cognized
{C}the dominant I shall come to understand the
not yet understood
yongs su mi nyams
pai chos can {C}apariha-dharma nondegenerated subject; thoroughly undefiled

subject {C}unfailing; one who never again loses
interest in

aparityakta not thoroughly give/give up/send/
let go/renounce {C}(does) not abandon; not
abandoned
yongs su mi gtong ba
not thoroughly pure; not pure
yongs su mi shes {C}aparijna
yongs su ma dag pa apariuddha
yongs su ma byang ba
byang byangs byang byongs {L}
aparyayavad not completely pure; not purified
yongs su ma smin pa {L}
comprehension
yongs su mya ngan
das pa {L,MSA}parinirva; {MSA}nirva;

{MSA}parinirvta parinirva; thoroughly
passed beyond sorrow; thorough passing beyond
sorrow
{MSA}aparipra not complete; imperfect; not

perfect
yongs su ma zhen pa
nonattachment
yongs su ma bzung {C}aparigraha

not apprehend; not grasp; not hold; not
conceive {C}no(n-) appropriation; not upheld;

not gaining; not taken hold of
non-consciousness; not cognize {C}no
yongs su mya ngan las

{C}aparityakta; {MSA,MV}aparityga not
thoroughly give/treat/cast away/send/renounce
{C}(does) not abandon; not abandoned
las da ba {MSA}parinirva parinirva;

thoroughly passed beyond sorrow; thorough
passing beyond sorrow
aparipakva; {L}aparipacana; {MV}aparipakvat

not (thoroughly) matured; not (thoroughly)
ripened; immature
yongs su ma rdzogs pa
das bya ba {L}parinirvpayitavyam thoroughly

passed beyond sorrow; thorough passing beyond
sorrow
yongs
su mya ngan las mi da bai chos can {MSA}

aparinirva-dharmaka; {MSA}aparinirvadharman a subject that has not thoroughly
717
passed beyond sorrow {T}
zlog pa {MSA}parinirvpaa thoroughly turned

away from sorrow; thoroughly reversed from
sorrow {T}
yongs su smin pa {L,MSA}
bar bya ba {MSA}paripcana-yogya suitable as

thoroughly ripened
yongs su smin bya {C}paripcana

thoroughly ripen; thoroughly mature {C}
maturing
yongs su btsal
paripakva; {L,MSA}paripcana; {C}paripka

gata; {MV}paripakvat; {MSA}paripka
thoroughly ripened; thoroughly matured {C}
comes to maturity
btsal tshol btsald tshold {C}gaveate
(thoroughly) search; (thoroughly) seek {C}

strive for; want
yongs su smin pai mtshan
yongs su btsal bar
{MSA}paripka-lakaa sign of thorough

ripening
btsal tshol btsald tshold {C}paryei
(thoroughly) search; (thoroughly) seek {C}
yongs su smin par gyur nas
searches (for); seeks (for); try to determine; decides

to look for
{C}pka gata having thoroughly ripened

{C}comes to maturity
yongs su tshol
yongs su smin par gyur ba
btsal tshol/tshel btsal tshold {C}gaveate
{C}paripcayati thoroughly ripen; thoroughly

mature {C}matures
thoroughly seek/investigate/examine/research/
look for {C}search; seek for; strive for; want
yongs su smin par bya ba
{MSA,C}paripka; {MSA}paripcana; {MSA}

paripcayitavya; {MSA}paripcya object of
thorough ripening; thoroughly ripen; thoroughly
mature {C}maturing
yongs su smin par byed {MV}

(pari pac): paripcayati thoroughly ripen;
thoroughly mature
yongs su tshol ba
btsal tshol/tshel btsal tshold {L}
parye-; {L,MSA}paryea; {MSA}paryei;

paryean thorough examination; thoroughly
seek; thoroughly investigate; thoroughly
examine; thoroughly research; thoroughly look
for inquire; ask; thorough investigation; {C}
search; seek for; strive for; want
yongs su tshal ba
btsal tshol btsald tshold {C}parij
yongs su smin par byed pa

(pari pac): {MSA}paripcayati; {MSA,MV}
paripka; {MSA}paripcaka; {MSA,MV}
paripcana; {MV}paripcin; {C}paripcanat
thoroughly ripen; thoroughly mature {C}
maturing
(thoroughly) seek; (thoroughly) want; ask;

beseech; desire {C}comprehension
yongs su tshol ba
yongs su smin par byed
{C}paryeaat thoroughly seek/investigate/

examine/research/look for {C}search for
pa bya ba {C}paripcanat thoroughly ripen;

thoroughly mature {C}maturing
yongs su smin par mdzad pa

{MSA}paripka; {MSA}paripcana thoroughly
ripen; thoroughly mature
yongs su smin par rung
718
yongs su dzin
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}parighti
(=mamatvena svkuryt); {C}parigraha

(thoroughly) apprehend; (thoroughly) grasp;
(thoroughly) hold; (thoroughly) bear; conceive
{C}takes hold of; gains; wins; seize upon;
assists; acquires; receives; takes to; grace; obtain;
gaining; win; taking hold of; acquisition; helping;
assumption; acquiring; appropriation; assistance
yongs su dzin pa
who takes up (bad moral practices -- dulaparigrahka); recipient
yongs su rdzogs pa
samparigrahaa; {C}parighti; {C,MSA,MV}

parigraha; {C}parigrhik; {MSA}parigrahaa;
{C}dhrayati; {C}dhraa (thoroughly)
apprehend; (thoroughly) grasp; (thoroughly)
hold; (thoroughly) bear; conceive {C}full
acceptance; assistance; one who takes hold of;
retain in mind; carries; carrying
yongs su dzin pa
thams cad gtong ba gtang
gtong btang thongs {MSA}sva-parigraha-tyga
(sarva-) renounce all grasping; give up all
grasping
yongs su dzin pa med
pai don gzung dzin bzung

zungs {MV}niparigrahatrtha meaning of nongrasping {T}
yongs su dzin pa yin
yongs su dzin par gyur
yongs su rdzogs pai rkyen

{MSA}paripri-pratyaya condition of thorough
completion; condition of complete perfection
yongs su rdzogs pai
tshul khrims rdzogs rdzogs

rdzogs rdzogs {MSA}paripra-la thoroughly
perfect/complete ethics
yongs su rdzogs par
yongs su rdzogs par bya
ba rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs

rdzogs {MSA}paripraa thorough perfection/
completion
{C}parighti (thoroughly) apprehend;
(thoroughly) grasp; (thoroughly) hold;

(thoroughly) bear; conceive
yongs su dzin par byed
saparigraha karoti (thoroughly) apprehend;

(thoroughly) bear; conceive
yongs su rdzogs par
bya bai don rdzogs rdzogs

rdzogs rdzogs {MSA}paripry-artha object/
meaning of thorough perfection/completion
yongs su rdzogs par byed pa
yongs su dzin par byed

{C}parigrhaka [cf. Nett. 79; parigghaka =
upatthambhaka] (thoroughly) apprehend;
(thoroughly) bear; conceive {C}one who
has upheld; helper; someone who upholds; one
{MSA,MV,C}paripra; {L,MSA,MV}paripraa;
{C}paripratva (=pariprya); {MSA,MV}
paripri; {MSA}sapra; {C}pra; {L}parini-;
{C}parinipatti [thorough-ly-finished]; full
complement; completely perfected; thoroughly
finished/complete {C}full of; the fullness
of; fulfilled; complete; developed fully; large;
fulfill; fulfillment; has perfected; complete(d);
accomplishment; completion
gyur cig rdzogs rdzogs

rdzogs rdzogs {C}paripraya bhavantu may it
become complete/completely perfect {C}come
to fulfilment

parigrhik {C}one who takes hold of
{MV}paripraa; {MSA}paripri completely

perfect; thoroughly finish
719
yongs su zhu {L}pcchati ask; question

yongs su zhen pa attachment
yongs su zad pa {L}parikaya; {C}
yongs su g.yo ba {C}pariyanda;
yongs su zin pa {C}parighta;
yongs su brlan pa {C}pariyandita
parijaya (=parikaya) (thoroughly) use up;

(thoroughly) exhaust; (thorough) extinction
{C}(complete) mastery; familiarity; conquest
{C}paripanda (thoroughly) move; (thoroughly)

fluctuate; (thoroughly) remove {C}mental
exitation
(=upabhmhita) (e.g.: manasikra-pariyandita)
thoroughly wet {C}overflow
{MSA}parigraha; {C}paripcita (=pariodhita)

(thoroughly) conjoined with; (thoroughly)
affected by; (thoroughly) grasp; (thoroughly)
hold {C}upheld by; taken hold of; gain; got hold
of; held back by; matured
yongs su len pa {C}pratigrhaka;

{MSA}parigraha (thoroughly) appropriate;
(thoroughly) take; obtain {C}recipient
yongs su zlum po {GST}
yongs su longs {L}paribhoga
parimaala {PH}completely round; perfectly

round
yongs su gzung
(thoroughly) appropriate; obtain; accept use;

enjoyment
yongs su longs spyad pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C,MV}parigraha

(thoroughly) apprehend; (completely) identify

paribhunakti (thorough) enjoyment; resources
{C}enjoys the use of; relishes; enjoys; sues;
consumes; derives enjoyment from
yongs su gzung ba
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}parighti;
yongs su longs spyod pa
{C,MSA,MV}parigraha; {MV}parighta; {MV}

parightva; {C}anuparigraha; {C}dhrayati
(=rdhayati) (thoroughly) apprehend;
(completely) identify {C}help; retain in mind;
carries
paribhoga (thorough) enjoyment; resources
yongs su shes {C}jeya; {MV}
yongs su gzung ba med pa
parij; {MV}parijta; {MV}parijna

knowledge; thorough knowledge; (thoroughly)
cognize {C}intelligible
aparighta not apprehend; non-identification

{C}ungained; do not grasp at
yongs su shes gyur pa {C}
yongs su bzung ba {C}
parijnti (=prajnti) know; thoroughly know;

(thoroughly) cognize {C}comprehends
parighti (=mamatvena svkuryt); {C,MV}

parighta; {C,MSA}parigraha; {MV}parightva
thorough sustenance; (thoroughly) apprehend;
(thoroughly) conceive {C}takes hold of; gains;
wins; seize upon; assists; acquires; receives; takes
to; upheld by; taken hold of; gain; got hold of; held
back by
yongs su shes pa {C,MV,MSA}
parij; {C}jeya; {MV,MSA}parijta;

{MV,MSA}parijna knowledge; thorough
knowledge; (thoroughly) cognize; thorough
knowledges {C}comprehension; investigation;
intelligible
yongs su bzung ba med
pa {C}aparighta not apprehend; nonapprehension; not grasp; not hold; not conceive;
non-conception {C}ungained; do not grasp
720
yongs su shes pai bras bu

{MSA}parij-phala fruit of knowledge
yongs su shes par bya {MV}
parij; {MV}parijna; {MV}parijeya should

thoroughly know {T}
yongs su shes par bya ba
{MSA,MV}parijeya; {MV}parij; {MV}parijna

object of thorough knowledge
yongs su gsal bar byas {C}

paridpita serve to clarify knowledge {C}
revealed; lit up; announced
yongs su bsams pa {C}
bsrung srung bsrungs srungs {MSA}(pari
rak): parirakanti thoroughly protect/guard/

and pledges]
yongs su bsrungs pa
phenomena
yod brtan du mi rung ba {C}
yod dang med {MV}bhvbhva; {MV}

sadasat(tva) existence and non-existence
yod dang med don
mngon sum pa {MSA}sadasattrthe pratyaka

one who has direct perception of existence and
non-existence {T}
paryutthita thoroughly not ask/beg/collect/

gather/raise/inspire/excite/arouse/cause to rise/
urge on {C}possessed by
yod dang med pa {MSA,MV}
bhvbhva; {MV}sadasat(tva) existence and

non-existence; being and non-being
bsrung srung bsrungs srungs {MSA}(pari rak):

parirakanti thoroughly protect/guard/keep/
maintain/preserve/safeguard [e.g., vows and
pledges]
yod dang med pa nyid {MSA}

astitva-nstitva existence and non-existence;
being and non-being
yod {C}bhva; {C}astit; {L}satt; {MSA}
sattva; {MV}vidyate; {MV 5}savidyate; {C}vidy

exist; existence; exists; have {C}science(s);
(secret) lore; existence; knowledge; magical
formula; being; being-ness; is-ness; there is; it
is
stong nyid mngon sum du rtogs zin ma nyams pa
sngar nas yod pas since he has from before a nondegenerated direct realization of emptiness{TGP
60}
yod nges {GD:106} definite existence

yod nges can {PH}definitely existent
extreme of existence
yod kyi ma red probably not

yod kyi red probably
bsgrub
yod mtha [existence-extremity]; the
{C}rakaa thoroughly protect/guard/keep/

pledges] {C}protection; guarding
yongs bsrung
yod sgrub
avivsa {C}distrust
bsrung srung bsrungs srungs
yongs su bslang
imputational nature
sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs exists proof
paricintita think; thought {C}thought over
yongs su bsrung ba
yod khyab pervasion of existence

yod gro probably
yod rgyui kun btags existent
721
yod do zhes bya ba ni

rtag pai mthao {MV}astti vatnta it exists
is the extreme of permanence
yod na if [something] exists
yod na dgag mi nus if [something] exists, it

is not possible to negate it
yod pa {MSA,MV}bhva; {C}sambhava;
{C}sambhavati; {MV}sadbhva; {N}bhava; {C}

bhavati; {MSA,MV}sat; {MV}astitva; {C}astit;
{MV,N}sattva; {MV}sa-; {C}vidyati; vidyate; astitvam be; exist; be present; an existent (thing);
existence; exists {C}becomes; stands; takes
place; occurs; comes about; exists; source; there can
be; possibility; possible origin; make possible; be
present in; have at ones disposal; exist potentially;
can possibly be; being-ness; is-ness; there is; it
is; {GD:486} re
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ tshad mas dmigs ba/
Definition: observed by a valid cognizer (or: by
valid cognition)
yod pa kun nas spangs te
spang spong spangs spongs {MV}sattvena varjita

abandon existence
yod pa ma dra probably not

yod pa ma yin {MV}avidyamnat;
yod pa ma yin te byung
{MSA}sat samantd vihya abandoning all
ba ma yin byung byung byung

byung {C}asad-asabhta does not exist, [since
it] does not arise; {T} not existing it does not
occur
existents
yod pa nyid {MV,MSA}sattva; {L}satt;

{MSA}astitva; {MSA}nbhvat existence
yod pa ma
yin pa la yongs su brtags pa

asat-parikalpanat imagine it whereas it does
not exist {C}imagine what is not
astitva-dean indicate/teach as existent {T}
yod pa nyid ma yin {MSA}na

bhva non-existent
yod pa dang med pa {MV}
yod pa med {C}asaga-bhta non-
bhvbhva; {MV}sadasatt existence and nonexistence; being and non-being
existence {C}true non-attachment
yod paam med pa {MSA}
yod pa dang med pa nyid
bhvbhva existent or non-existent
{MSA}astitva-nstitva existence and nonexistence; being and non-being
yod pai btags pa ba
yod pa dang med pa
thogs {GD:103} metaphorically existent
mnyam pa nyid {MSA}bhvbhva-samnat

sameness of existence and non-existence
yod pai mtha extreme of
yod pa dang
existence{N}
yod pai mtshan nyid {MV}
med pa de dag tha mi dad pai phyir {MSA}

bhvbhvayor abhinnatvt because those
existents and non-existents are not different {T}
sallakaa character of existence; existent

character
yod par {C}-sat which is; as existent
yod pa dang med pai de
kho na {MV}sadasat-tattva reality of existence

and non-existence
{C}as being
yod pa dang yin pai
khyad par difference between the existence [that

is, presence] of such and such and being such
and such
{MV}na ... asti; {MV 1.13c}na bhva; {MV}na

vidyate not existent{N}; non-existent
yod pa nyid du bstan pa
yod pa dra it seems

yod pa spangs pa
722
yod par rnam par rtog pa

{MSA}bhva-vikalpa conceive as existent
yod par dzin pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}sad-grha

apprehend as existent
yod par shes par byao {C}
good qualities
pratikkati one should cognize as existent; {T}

should be known as existent {C}expects; desire
yod pas yin par mi grub
yon tan gyi skabs {MSA}
gudhikra occassion of good qualities {T}
yon tan gyi khyad par {MSA}

grub grub grubs/grub grubs existence [that
is, presence] of such and such does not establish
being such and such
gua-viea special qualities; distinctive

qualities
yod ma yin {MV 5.19v}na vidyate nonexistent; does not exist
yod min {MSA}na bhva; {MSA}na san
non-existent; does not exist; not existent{BJ 38.1}
yod med {MV}sad-asatt non-existent;
yon tan gyi grangs

phel pai khyad par {PH}the feature of an
increase in the number of qualities
yon tan gyi che ba nyid {MSA}

gua-vddhi-mhtmya greatness of qualities
yon tan gyi
mi mthun pai phyogs las grol ba

grol grold grol grold {MSA}vipakamuktatva (gua-) released from the discordances
to good qualities
does not exist; not existent
yod med khyad par med pa
{MSA}bhvbhvviea there is no distinction

between existing and non-existing {T}
yod med nyid {MSA}sad-asat
yon tan gyis lci ba heavy with

good qualities
existence and non-existence; being and non-being
yon tan rgya mtsho {C}gua-sgara
yod smra ba sarvstivdin Sarvstivdin

ocean of good qualities {C}ocean of virtues
yod lugs way of existence
yon tan rgya mtshoi pha rol
{MSA}gurava-pra other side of the ocean of
yon {C}dakia {C}gift; donation(s);
good qualities
offerings
yon tan {LCh,C.MV,MSA}gua; {C}gunta

quality; good qualities; good quality; virtue;
attainment {C}advantage; virtuous act; infinite

qualities
yon tan brgya phrag
bcu gnyis gua-dvdaa-ata twelve [sets] of a

hundred-fold good qualities{PGP 78}
yon tan brgya phrag

bcu gnyis byung byung byung
byung byung {MSA}gua-dvdaa-atodaya
arising of twelve [sets] of a hundred-fold good
qualities
yon tan kyi rten {MSA}gun

pratih basis of good qualities
yon tan khyad par can {MSA}
gua ... viia; {MSA}vieaka ... gua; {MSA}

vaieika-gua having special qualities {PH}
having special qualities
yon tan bsngags pai
can gyi sgrib pa {MSA}vaieika-guvaraa

obstruction of special good qualities {T}
yon tan chang ba {C}gua-dhara
phreng ba {C}gua-vara-mla {C}garland of

the praises of the qualities
yon tan khyad par

yon tan mkhan
hold to good qualities; holder of good qualities
{T} {C}bearer of qualtiies
{PH}those skilled in
723
yon tan mnyam
yon tan rnam bcu {MSA}daa-vidha
yon tan gter {MSA}gua-nidhi
yon tan rnam par dbye ba
pa med pa dang ldan pa nyid {MSA}asama-guayuktatva having dissimilar qualities
... anuasa ten types of good qualities; ten-fold

good qualities {T}
{MSA}gua-vibhga differentiation of good

qualities {T}
treasury of good qualities
yon tan thob tshul
yon tan rnams kyi las {MSA}
{PH}the mode
of attaining qualities
yon tan mthong ba {MSA}gua-
gun karma(n) activity of good qualities {T}
darana see good qualities {T}
yon tan dang
skyon yongs su brtags pa

brtag rtog brtags rtags {MSA}gua-doaparkaa investiage/analyze qualities and faults
yon tan dang ldan {MSA}gua-
yon tan rnams kyis
gang bai phyir {MSA}guai ... prapratvt

because of being full of good qualities; because it/
one is full of good qualities {T}
yon tan dpag tu med pa {L}
aprameya-gua; {MSA}gua ... asama (=amita?)

immeasurable good qualities
yon tan phel byed {MSA}gua-
yukta; {MSA}gua-yoga; {MSA}guavat; {MSA}

gunvita; {MSA}guai ... samanvit having
good qualities; with good qualities
vddhi increase good qualities
yon tan dang ldan pa {C,MSA}
yon tan blo gros guamati

Guamati [p.n.]
guavat; {C}guavat; {MSA}gua-yukta; {MSA}

gua-yoga; {MSA}gunvita; {MSA}guai ...
samanvit having good qualities; with good
qualities {C}gifted with virtuous qualities;
helpfulness
yon tan byung

byung byung byung byung {C}gugamu
arising of good qualities {C}come the qualities
yon tan dang ldan
yon tan byung gnas
yon tan du lta bai tshul
yon tan ma mchis pa {C}nirgua
byung byung byung byung {MSA}gua-
pai bshes gnyen {MSA}gua-mitra spiritual

friend with good qualities; {T} spritual friend
with the good quality of ...
blta lta bltas ltos {MSA}gua-
kara (=gua-kara?) source of good qualities;

[p.n.]? {T}
without good qualities; without qualities
sadara-yoga method of viewing good qualities

{T}
yon tan de gnyis sgra
pa {MSA}bahu-gua ... mitra (friend) having

many good qualities
yon
rtog gis rdzogs pai tshul gyis rtogs mi nus pai

yon tan quality of the inability of thoroughly
realizing these two qualities through terms and
conceptuality
tan mi zad pa dang mnyam pa med pa dang ldan pa

nyid {MSA}akaysama-gua-yuktatva having
inexhaustible and incomparable good qualities
{T}
yon tan dod pa {MSA}guam

kkati desire good qualities
yon tan mang po dang ldan
yon tan tshul {C}gua quality; mode

of qualities {C}advantage; virtuous act
724
yon tan tshogs {C}gua-sacaya
present with
accumulation of qualities; collection of good
qualities
yon tan mtshungs pa med pa

{MSA}atulya-gua dissimilar qualities
yon tan bzhi {MSA}gua-catuaya
yon po deceiver
yon po ma yin te byung pa
avaka {C}not tricky
yon phul ba {C}daki
pratihpayati {C}give/establish donations
four qualities
yon bul ba {C}daki

yon tan bzang po Guabhadra
pratihpayati {C}give/establish donations
yon tan od guaprabha Guaprabha
yor stod {PH}Yerpa county
[p.n.]
yon tan rin chen sdud pa yol {PH}dawn
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {C}ratna yol {Sa} javanik (= yol ba); tiraskarai (=
gua-sacaya compendium of precious qualities
yol ba); yni (= yol ba); ptra (= yol ko) {PH}
transit
? {T}
yon tan rin po che {MSA}gua-
yos {PH}grain; barley

yul; don viaya; artha object
g.yag yak
g.yag ston sangs rgyas
ratna precious qualities
yon tan la jug pa {MSA}guapravtti engage in good qualities
yon tan shes {MSA}gua-jat
cognition of (good) qualities; cognize (good)

qualities
dpal
yon tan gsum trigua three

qualities
Divisions: dbye ba/

1 snying stobs 2 rdul 3 mun pa Div.: 1) lightness
(sattva), 2) motility (rajas), 3) darkness (tamas)
yon tan gsum pai sems
g.yang abyss; gulf

g.yang lba lucky goiter
g.yang sa {C}prapta abyss; gulf
{C}
cliff
g.ya dust; rust (?)
{PH}dust; dirt;
defilement; rocky cliffs
When the autumn sky is free of dust, ...
pa {MSA}tri-gu cetan intention with three

qualities
yon tan lhag pai khyad par
{YJD}
g.ya dag pa pure of dust

g.yas {C}pradakia right hand; right side
{PH}the features of surpassing qualities
yon tan lhag ma {MSA}gudhika
{PH}counter-clockwise {C}(curl) to the right
special qualities
g.yas bskor du clockwise; clockwise
yon gtan gua value; quality

yon du grol te
motion
grol grold grol grold {C}abhicchdayati {C}
Yak-dn-sang-gye-bel (1348-1414 ce.)
725
g.yas bskor; g.yas
g.yeng ba
nas bskor bskor skor

bskord skord circumambulate clockwise;
circumambulate from the right

g.yeng / g.yeng / g.yengs/ g.yengs sam
yengs/ {MV,MSA}vikepa; {MV}vikipta to be

distracted; to wander (mentally); distraction; be
diverted; agitate the mind
g.yas nas bskor;
g.yas bskor bskor skor

bskord skord circumambulate clockwise;
circumambulate from the right
g.yeng ba med par gyur pa

{MV}avikepa-pariat is not distracted
g.yas pa {C}dakia right hand; right

side {C}(turning to the) right
g.yas phyogs {C}dakia right hand;

right side; right direction {C}(turning to the)
right
g.yas phyogs su {C}pradakia

yengs/ {C}kipta to be distracted; to wander

(mentally); distraction; be diverted; agitate the
mind {C}distracted; shot into
g.yengs par bgyid {C}vikipati
be distracted; wander (mentally); distraction; be

diverted; agitate the mind {C}disperse
{C}(curl) to the right
g.yas phyogs su khyil ba
g.yem {MSA}kmin sexual intercourse

log g.yem adultery{TGP 77}
{C}dakivartta {C}turn to the right
g.yas g.yon on either side [lit.: right-
g.yer ma Guinea pepper

g.yel ba {MSA}udsna be idle; cease
g.yel ba med pa {C}atandrita [be
left]
g.yi lynx
g.yung drung swastika; eternal
g.yengs
idle-not-exist]; incessantly {C}undaunted
gzhan stong rtag brtan
g.yel bar med pa {C}atandrita
g.yung drung ther zug emptiness of the other

permanent, stable, eternal, everlasting
[be idle-not-exist]; incessantly
g.yung po {C}pukkaa {C}refuse worker g.yel med pa {C}atandrita [be idlenot-exist]; incessantly {C}undaunted
g.yul {C}sagrama {C}battle
g.yo g.yo/ g.yo/
g.yul gyed {C}samara {C}battle
g.yos/ g.yos/ {C}calati; {C}hya move;
fluctuate; waver; remove; dissimulation; deceit
g.yul ngor {C}sagrama {C}battle
{PH}dissimulation; deceit; deception {C}is put
g.yul du thog mar {C}iras {C}
out; move away from; swerve (away from); shakes;
head; front (of a battle)
g.yeng

yengs/ {MV,C}vikipta; {MV}vikepa to be

distracted; to wander (mentally); distraction;
be diverted; agitate the mind {C}disturbed;
distracted; scattered de la g.yeng
bai dran pa mindfulness which is distracted to
that{TGP 5}
726
stirs skad cig gis g.yo

bas smig rgyu lta buo it is like a mirage because
it fluctuates from moment to moment{TGP 56}
brtan g.yoi tshad measure of
[relative] stability or fluctuation
dus nam yang mi g.yo never move again
g.yo gul vibrate
de brgya g.yo gul byas nas through having

vibrated those hundred [worlds]{PGP 87}
g.yo sgyu {PH}deceit and guile

g.yo ldan {Rigzin} Satha
g.yo ba g.yo/
g.yo/ g.yos/ g.yos/ {C}calati; {C,MSA}cala;

{MSA}vicalana; {MSA}nicala; {C}spandan; {C}
syandan; {L}kiraa; {C}anija; {C}unmija;
{MSA}kampana; {MSA}vikampana; {MSA}
avikampana; {MSA}nikampatva; mi g.yo ba =
{MSA}nikya move; fluctuate; waver; remove;
dissimulation; deceit; moving [quality of wind]
{C}vaporing; dust (mote); rein; ray of light; sun;
immovable; affirmation; shaky; is put out; move/
swerve (away from); wavers; shakes; stirs
g.yo ba ma mchis pa {C}
anijat; {C}nicea immovable; not moving;

non-fluctuating; unwavering; non-deceit;
without deceit {C}imperturbability; powerless to
act; lack of power to act
g.yo ba med {C}nirhaka immovable;

not moving; non-fluctuating; unwavering; nondeceit; without deceit {C}inactive; unoccupied
g.yog po servant(s)
g.yogs pa covering
g.yon left
g.yon bskor bskor
skor bskord skord counter-clockwise; counterclockwise motion
g.yon can {C}dhrtaka {C}rogue

g.yon nas bskor; g.yon
bskor bskor skor bskord
skord counter-clockwise; counter-clockwise
motion
g.yos
g.yo/
g.yo/ g.yos/ g.yos/ {MSA}(kamp): kampate;
{C}pravicalati move; fluctuate; stir; waver;
remove; dissimulation {C}shakes
g.yos ba
g.yo/
g.yo/ g.yos/ g.yos/ {C}spandita; {C}syandita
{C}vacillating; vaporing
g.yak rgod wild yak

ra [accusative; dative and locative particle] to;
g.yo ba med pa {C}nija; {C}
nirhaka; {C}acala immovable; not moving;

non-fluctuating; unwavering; non-deceit;
without deceit {C}inactive; unoccupied;
imperturbable; immobility; unshakeable; mountain
as; -ly; in; at {PH}goat ra

zam par gro ba ltar ... Like a goat walking over a
bridge ... {Gn}
g.yo bar byed pa {C}(pra)kampayati ra goat

move; fluctuate; remove; dissimulate; deceive
{C}to shake
g.yo med [deceive-not-exist]; without
deceit; immovable; not moving; non-fluctuating;

unwavering; non-deceit
g.yo med pa {C}nija; {C}acala
ra rgod wild goat

ra mnye a large leaf called ra-nay
ra pho {PH}goat
ra ba prkra {PH}fence; courtyard
O Vajraprkraa H
[deceive-not-exist]; without deceit; immovable;

not moving; non-fluctuating; unwavering;
non-deceit {C}imperturbable; immobility;
unshakeable; mountain
BA H! [is the mantra] of the fence. Toh.
451
g.yo ru
{PH}Y-ru [n. of one of two districts

of central Tibet (dbus)]
{PH}goat ra zam
par gro ba ltar ... Like a goat walking over a
bridge ... {Gn}
727
rwa {MSA}ga horn {PH}fence

rwa kha brag Ra-kha Precipice
rags par snang ba

snang snang snang snang sthlabhsa grossness
{GD:134} impression of extension
(hermitage at Se-ra Monastic University)
rwa bcad pa {C}chinna-via-vabhaupama {C}one who is like a bull with his horns
sawn off
rang {L,MSA}sva; {C,MSA}tman; {MSA}
rwa ba fence; pen

rwa rigs {C}arabha {C}some deer
rag ma las pa nonreliance;
svaka; {MSA}svayam own; itself; himself; herself

{PH}it; itself {C}ones own; self; himself;
myself; for themselves; his own
rang rkya thub pa a self-sufficient

entity; able to stand by itself{Lati}
noncontingency
rang rkya thub
rag las adhnatva; dhnatva to depend;
pai rdzas yod du grub pa established as a selfsufficient substantial entity
depend upon{BJ 8.3}
rag las pa {MSA}adhnatva; {MSA}
rang rkya
dhnatva to depend; depend upon
thub pai rdzas yod bdag gis stong pa lack of

being a substantially existent self in the sense of
being self-sufficient
rags pa {LCh,L}sthla; {N}satata;
{MSA,MV}audrika; {MV}udra coarse; gross;

thick ignorant; huge; tangible; material; {N}
gross objects; {GD:131} extended objects
rang rkya thub pai rdzas

su yod pa self-sufficient substantial existence
jig rten la grags pai rags
rang rkya pa self-sufficient{N}

rang rkya ba self-sufficient
rang skya thub pa self-sufficient
rang skya dzin thub pai
Divisions:
pa bstan bcos la grags pai rags pa extended

objects which are reknown to the world{GD:158}
and, extended objects which are reknown to
[philosophical] treatises {GD:158}
rags pa dang ni phra ba {MSA}
rdzas yod gzung dzin bzung

zungs substantial existent in the sense of being
self-sufficiently apprehensible
audrika-skma coarse and subtle
rags pa dran pa
gcig pai rnal byor yoga of singlemindedness of

the coarse
rags pa rnams {LCh,L}sthla; {N}
sake
satata; {MSA,MV}audrika; {MV}udra coarse;

gross; thick; gross objects{N}
rags pai de kho na coarse
rang gi sku sva-kya ones own exalted
rags pai mi rtag pa *sthla-
body
anitya coarse impermanence
rang gi khams {MSA}sva-dhtu ones
coarse pliancy
rang khor {PH}its accompanier

rang gi {L}sva; {C}tman own; ones own;
own-
suchness
rags pai shin sbyangs
rang skye ba self-production

rang kho nai don du for ones own
own realm
728
rang gi khor {PH}its accompanier

rang gi dgag bya its object of
bearing its own entity; that which holds its own

entity
negation
rang gi
dgag bya shes bya la mi srid pai med dgag nonaffirming negative whose object of negation is
not possible among object of knowledge
rang gi
rang gi ngo bo la gnas pa
{GD:122} svarpasthitaya {GD:122} abiding

within their own nature
rang gi ngo bo la rang rig
{GD:598} self-cognition with respect to its own

nature
rang gi ngo bos svarpata by way of
dgag bya shes bya la srid pai med dgag nonaffirming negative whose object of negation is
possible among object of knowledge
own-entity
rang gi ngo bos grub pa
rang gi rgyud {L}sva-satna ones
{N}svabhvat siddhi; {N}svarpa-siddhi;

{N}svbhvik siddhi; *svabhvasiddha
establishment by way of its own entity{N};
establishment by way of own-entity
own continuum
rang
rang gi
gi rgyud du gtogs pai lus la sogs pa {MV}

svsantnik kydaya body, etc., that are
included in ones own continuum
ngo bos grub pai mtshan nyid dam rang bzhin

character or inherent nature in the sense of being
established by way of their own nature
rang gi ngang sva-rasa own taste/

character/nature
rang gi ngo skal gyi spang bya

its corresponding object of abandonment
rang gi ngo bo {MSA,N}svabhva; {N}
rang gi ngo bos yod pa {N}
svarpea vidyamna existence by way of its

own entity{N}
rang gi ngos skal gyi sgrib

{PH}the corresponding obstructions
svarpa; sva bhava; svarpam intrinsic entity;

own entity{N}; its own entity; own-entity
rang gi ngos skal

svtam svarpam conventional nature
rang gi ngos skal gyi spang
grub pa {N}svabhvat siddhi; {N}svarpasiddhi; {N}svbhvik siddhi established by way

of its own nature; established by way of its own
entity
rang gi dngos po own factuality

rang gi dngos po stong pa
ba produced from their own natures
rang gi dngos
rang gi ngo bo kun rdzob pa
bya spang spong spangs spongs

the corresponding object of abandonment
rang gi ngo bo nyid kyis
nyid self-entity emptiness (emptiness of its own

entity)
rang gi ngo bo nyid las skye
rang gi ngo bo dzin pa
poi gnas tshul gyi ngos nas from the side of the
mode of subsistence of its own factuality
gzung dzin bzung zungs svarpadhraa [cf. Abhidharma-koa-bhya I.2b]
gyi sgrib gnyis {PH}the two corresponding

obstructions
729
rang gi dngos ming its own actual
rang gi lta ba
name
rang gi mngon par shes pa
rang gi stobs kyi mthus {C}
{C}svayam-abhij its own clairvoyance {C}

his own higher knowledge
tma-bala its own power; own power
rang gi mngon par
rang gi bstan don la slu ba
shes pas rtul ba {C}svayam-abhij-parkrama
deceptive with respect to the meaning that it

teaches
progress by way of clairvoyance {C}the
rang gi bstan bya
courageous advance towards their own higher

knowledge
rang gi
rang gi thun
mong ma yin pai bdag rkyen its own uncommon

empowering condition
rang gi theg pa {MSA}sva ... yna
gzugs rags pa {PH}gross form

rang gi jug yul its object of
own vehicle; its own vehicle
engagement
rang gi jug yul gyi gtso bo

rang gi jug yul gyi gtso bor gyur
{PH}its principal object of engagement
pai chos la mtha gcig tu zhen kyang bcad don ma

thob pai rig pa an awareness that does not get at
an object with respect to which superimpositions
have been eliminated although it adheres onepointedly to the phenomenon that is its principal
object of engagement [definition of correctly
assuming consciousness (yid dpyod)]
rang gi don {MSA}tmrtha; {MSA}
svakrtha; {MSA}svrtha own meaning; own

object; ones own purpose
rang gi don gyi rten {MSA}
svrthraya basis of ones own welfare {T}
rang gi don gyi rten gyi

chos bstan bstan ston bstand
stond {MSA}dharma ... svrthraya teach
doctrines that are the basis of ones own welfare
{T}
rang gi don gyi mthar
thug pa {MSA}svrtha-nih ones own final

purpose/object/welfare
rang gi don rjes su thob pa
{PH}own
reminder
rang gi nyer len own substantial

cause
rang gi nyon mongs pa {MSA}sva

... klea own affliction
rang gi rten its basis; own basis

rang gi rtogs pa
{C,MSA}anuprpta-svakrtha obtain ones

own purpose/object/welfare {C}their own weal
accomplished
rang gi don dang ldan pa
{MSA}svrtha-vat having ones own purpose/

object/welfare
rang gi don dang
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MV}svdhigama own

realization; own cognition
{PH}its indicated
meaning
cha shas du ma dus pai gzugs rags pa

du du/dud dus dus a coarse
form that is a conglomeration of its many parts
{T}
rang gi brjed byang
blta lta
bltas ltos {L}sva-di own view
gzhan gyi don sgrub pa

bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}pratipatte
730
svrthe parrthe ca establish ones own purpose
and others purposes
rang gi don spyod
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}tmrtha carati

practice for ones own purpose; establish ones
own purpose
rang gi don phun sum tshogs

{MSA}svrtha-sapatti perfect ones own
purpose; complete ones own purpose
rang gi
establishment by the force of its own measure of

subsistence
rang gi snang ba
{PH}own appearing
object
rang gi pha tha {C}paitka
{C}
ancestral
rang gi bya ba {MSA}tma-ktya ones

own activities {T}
rang gi blo ngor
{PH}from ones own
perspective
don sbyar ba la rjes su brtson par bya {C}

svrthayogam anuyukta one should make effort
toward application to ones own purpose {C}
devotes himself to his own welfare
rang gi dbyings {MSA}sva-dhtu

own realm
rang gi bras bu sva-phala own
rang gi bdag nyid {MSA}sva ...
rang gi bras
effect; its own effect
tman own essence; own nature
rang gi bdag nyid du med
bu gyur pai yon tan du mai gzhi rten byed pai

lam zhugs kyi mngon rtogs a clear realizer of one
who has entered the path that serves as the basis of
the many qualities that are its own effect [definition
of ground that is within the set of two, grounds and
paths (sa lam gnyis kyi nang tshan du gyur pai sa)]
pa {MSA}sventman bhvat does not exist as

ones own essence
rang gi bdag nyid las skye

ba produced from their own essence
rang gi bder ma chags {MSA}
rang gi mtshan nyid
rang gi sde pa our own schools

rang gi sdod lugs
rang gi mtshan nyid kyis
kyi ngo bo med pa lacking a self-characterized

entity
sva-sukhev asakta not attached to ones own

happiness
gyi ngos nas grub pa existing by way of its own

mode of subsistence {PH}establishment from the
perspective of its own mode of subsistence
rang gi gnas ngan len {MV 2.6

v}dauhulya own assumption of bad states
rang gi gnas
tshod kyi dbang gis grub pa establishment

through the force of the objects own status;
establishment through the force of the objects
measure of subsistence; establishment through
the force of its own measure of subsistence
rang gi
gnas tshod kyi dbang gis ma grub pa non-
731
grub pa svalakaa-siddhi; svalakaasiddha

established by way of its own character; natural
establishment; establishment by way of its own
character; establishment [of phenomena] by way
of their own character
rang dzin rtog pai zhen gzhir
rang gi mtshan nyid kyis grub pa/ established
by way of its own characteristic as the referent
of the conceptual consciousness apprehending
it {T}establishment [of phenomena] by way of
their own character as the referent of a conceptual
consciousness
gzugs gzugs zhes
rjod pai sgra jug pai jug gzhir rang gi mtshan
nyid kyis grub pa establishment of form by way of
its own character as the referent of the term form.
rang gi mtshan nyid/ rang

stong pa {C}svalakaa-nya empty by way
of its/their own character; {T} empty of own
character {C}empty of own-marks
mtshan {L,MSA,MV}sva-lakaa; {MV}prakti

specific character; specifically characterized
phenomenon specifically characterized
phenonenon; own-characteristic
ni yod {MSA}svena lakaena bhva exist by

way of its/their own character
rang gi mtshan
nyid kyis rnam par gnas pa subsist by way of its
own character{BJ 28.3}
rang
gi mtshan nyid kyis rnam par gnas pa ni ma yin pa
svalakaena avyavasthita not subsist by way
of their own character; not subsistent by way of
its own character
rang gi mtshan nyid
kyis ma grub pa not established by way of their

own character
gzhan du ma dmigs pa las thun mong ma yin pa

nyid kyis mei rang bzhin gyi rang gi mtshan nyid ni
tsha bao zhes bya bar mngon par zhen pa ji lta ba
bzhin mtshan nyid smra Due to being uncommon
because of not being observed separately [from
fire], the nature, that is to say, own-character, of fire
is heat. (svabhvatvenbhinivi yathbhinivea
lakaamcakate agnerauya svalakaam)
[PP, 261.4]
rang gi mtshan nyid kyis rnam par gnas pa ni
ma yin pa [imputational natures] do not subsist
by way of their own character (svalakaena
avyavasthita)
rang gi
rang gi mtshan nyid
rang gi yul sva-viaya own object; its
mtshan ma yongs su brtags pai sgo nas from the

point of view of thoroughly analyzing their own
signs
med pa does not exist by way of its/their own

character{BJ 23.2}
kyis med pai phyir {MSA}svena lakaenbhvt

because of not existing by way of its/their own
character
yod pa {N}svalakaa-siddhi; svalakaasat

existence by way of its own character{N}; exist
by way of its own character{BJ 28.3}; existent by
rang gi mtshan nyid gyis by

rang gi mtshan
rang gi yul du gyur pai bdag med gsum gang rung

la rtse gcig tu mnyam par bzhag pa yang yin/ rang
rgyud ldan gyi gang zag gi rgyud la mngon gyur du
byung bai theg chen gyi rjes la mngon rtogs/ that
which is (1) a one-pointed meditative equipoise on
any of the three selflessnesses which are its objects
and (2) a Mahyna subsequent clear realizer
occurring in a manifest manner in the continuum of
a person who possesses it in his/her continuum [d
rang gi yul nas du ba {C}
nyid gyis gnas pa ma yin not subsisting by way

of their own character; is not subsistent by way
of its own character
viaytu collect from its own objects {C}in his

own home
rang gi mtshan nyid
yod pa ma yin its own-character [that is, unique

character] does not exist
own object
732
rang gi yon tan {MSA}svaka ... gua

own qualities
rang gi rigs {L}sva-jtya ones own
rang gi gsal ba sva-vyakti
kind; its type belonging to ones own kind

rang gi rigs can
du ma la rjes su gro bai chos a phenomena that
encompasses the many [instances] which have its
type [definition of type generality (rigs spyi)] {T}
rang gi gsal
ba la rjes su gro bai chos sva-vyaktyanvayadharma phenomenon that encompasses its own
manifestations
rang gi rigs can
rang gis rtogs pa
{PH}having its
type rang
gi rigs can du ma la rjes su gro bai chos a
phenomena that encompasses the many [instances]
which have its type [is the definition of type
generality (rigs spyi)] {D1}
rang gi rigs yod pa
{PH}its
own instances
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}svayabodha realize by oneself
rang gis yongs su bzung ba

{MSA}sva-parigraha apprehend by oneself
{PH}having
its type
rang gis rang rig pa knowing

itself by itself
rang gi rigs yod pa can
rang gis lha sgrub pa la
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs in

order for oneself to achieve the deity ...
{PH}having its type
rang gi lus {MSA}sva ... raya; {MSA}

sva-deha own body; ones own body
rang gi sa {C}sva-bhmi own level; own

ground {C}their own stage
rang gi sa bon {MSA}sva-bja own
rang grags kyi rtags sva-siddhaliga self-approved sign; self-approved reason;

self-renowned reason
rang grags rjes dpag
svasiddhnumna self-approved inference; selfrenowned inference
seed(s); own-seeds
rang gi
sangs rgyas kyi chos yongs su smin pa {MSA}svabuddha-dharma-paripka ripen the qualities of
ones own Buddhahood
rang gi sems {MSA}sva-citta own
rang grangs rjes dpag svasiddhnumna self-approved inference
rang grol
grol grold
grol grold sva-mukta; sva-mukti self-release
rang gi sems kyang bsrung
rang dga ba ordinary {PH}ordinary

rang rgyal pratyekabuddha; {C}pratyaya;
rang gi sems la dbang
rang rgyal gyi mkhyen pa
mind; ones own mind
ba bsrung srung bsrungs

srungs {MSA}sva-cittasya ca raka protect/
guard/safeguard also ones own mind
pratyekajina [self-conqueror]; Solitary

Realizer {C}condition; conditioned; reason;
pratyekabuddha
bsgyur ba bsgyur sgyur

bsgyurd sgyurd {MSA}sva-citta-vaa-vartin have
sovereignty over ones own mind; control ones
own mind
rang gi srog {MSA}sva-jvita ones life

{T}
733
mkhyend Solitary Realizer exalted knower
rang rgyal gyi theg pa
pratyekabuddha-yna Solitary Realizer vehicle
rang rgyal gyi rnal
byor mngon sum pratyekabuddha-yogi-pratyaka
Solitary Realizer yogic direct perceiver {PH}
yogic direct perception [in the continuum] of a

Pratyekabuddha
gyi sbyor lam ma skyes gong gi rang rgyal gyi chos
mngon rtogs/ Definition: a Solitary Realizers clear

realizer of doctrine that is generated prior to the
Solitary Realizer path of preparation that is its own
effect
pratyekabuddha-prayoga-mrga Solitary
Realizer path of preparation
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang gi nyer len du gyur pai
rang rgyal gyi lam pratyekabuddhamrga Solitary Realizer path
tshogs lam rdzogs rjes su byung zhing rang bras rang
Definitions:

mtshan nyid/ rang rgyal gyi thar
rgyal gyi mthong lam ma skyes gong gi rang rgyal gyi
don mngon rtogs/ Definition: a Solitary Realizers
clear realization of meaning that arises after the

completion of the path of accumulation, which is
its substantial cause, and is generated prior to the
Solitary Realizer path of seeing, which is its effect
par bgrod pai go skabs phye shul du gyur pai rang

rgyal kyi mngon rtogs/ Def.: Solitary Realizers
clear realizer that serves to open the passageway

for the opportunity of progressing toward a Solitary
Realizers liberation
rang rgyal gyi sbyor lam drod
rang rgyal gyi
{PH}Solitary Realizer heat path of preparation
rang rgyal gyi mi slob lam
pratyekabuddha-aaika-mrga Solitary Realizer

path of no more learning
Definitions:

mtshan nyid/ gzung ba phyi rol
lam shes pai lam shes jinamrgajnamay

mrgajt knower of paths that knows Solitary
Victor paths
rang rgyal gyi sa pratyekabuddhabhmi Solitary Realizer ground
rang rgyal bcas pa {C}sapratyaya
don du dzin pai rtog pa ma lus par spangs pai rang

rgyal gyi mkhyen pa/ Definition in Svtantrika: a
with Solitary Realizers
Solitary Realizers exalted knower that involves

a state of having abandoned all of the conception
consciousnesses conceiving objects apprehended to
be external objects
rang rgyal slob pa
{PH}learner
Solitary Realizer
rang rgyu its cause

rang rgyu las byung
dbye ba/ 1 bes ru lta bui rtogs pa
Divisions:
byung byung byung byung arise from its own

causes
sngon du song bai rang rgyal gyi mi slob lam/ 2

tshogs spyod kyi rtogs pa sngon du song bai rang
rgyal gyi mi slob lam/ Divisions: (1) Solitary
Realizer paths of no more learning of those who
previously had the realizations of rhinoceros-like
Solitary Realizers; (2) Solitary Realizer paths of
no more learning of those who previously had the
realizations of congregating Sol
pratyekabuddha-sabhra-mrga Solitary
Realizer path of accumulation
Definitions:

mtshan nyid/ rang bras rang rgyal
rang rgyal gyi sbyor lam
rang rgyal gyi tshogs lam
rang rgyud {LCh}sva-tantra autononous;

own power; own continuum
rang rgyud kyi rjes dpag
svatantrnumna autonomous inference; ones

own inference
734
rang rgyud kyi sbyor ba
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord svatantra-prayoga
autonomous syllogism; ones own syllogism
rang rgyud rjes dpag
svatantrnumna autonomous inference; ones

own inference
{Lati}
rang nyid kun groi rgyu
rang rgyud pa svtantrika; svtantrika-
somethings [being] an omnipresent cause

Definitions:
mtshan
[mdhyamika] Autonomy School; Svtantrika;

[Middle Way] Autonomy School {PH}
Svtantrika; Proponents of the Autonomous
[Syllogisms]
nyid/ rang gi bras bur gyur pai rang dang sa gcig pai
rang rgyud pai lugs kyi

dgag bya object of negation in the Svtantrika
system
rang ngo dag pa pure in its own
nyon mongs can phyi ma skyed byed kyi nyon mongs can/
Def: an afflicted phenomenon that is a producer of

a later afflicted phenomenon-- which is its effect-on the same ground as it
rang nyid skal mnyam kyi
rgyu somethings [being] a cause of similar lot

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang gi rigs dra phyi ma rang
dang dra bar skyed byed Def: That which produces
a later thing--of the same type as itself--as like itself
essence; essentially pure
rang ngos {PH}its own side

rang ngos nas grub pa svarpa-
rang nyid dgag pa yin pa
siddhi; svarpasiddha establishment from their

own side
rang ngos nas yod pa {N}
somethings being a negative
svarpa-sat existence in its own right; existence

from its own side{N}
rang cag [self-s]; we

rang gces dzin
gzung ba la chos gzhan ngos gzung ba la ltos dgos

pa btags yod zer something whose identification
must depend upon the identification of another
phenomenon is said to be imputedly existent
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ 1 rang dzin
rtog pas rang gi dgag bya dngos su bcad pai tshul gyis
rtogs par bya ba/ 2 rang dzin rtog pas rang gi dgag
gzung dzin bzung zungs self-cherishing
rang gces dzin nyon
mongs can gzung dzin bzung

zungs afflicted self-cherishing
rang chas integral; integrally{LG};
rang nyid gces dzin
intrinsically rang chas su skyes

pa produced integrally{LG}
gzung dzin bzung zungs cherishing of
rang chas su integrally; on their own
oneself
rang nyid nyer len yin pa
part; intrinsically
rang nyid {C}svayam eva oneself; just;
itself {PH}oneself; that itself {C}of their own

accord; on their own
rang nyid ngos
bya bcad pai sgo nas dngos su rtogs par bya ba/
Def.: (1) that which is realized by the conceptual
conciousness apprehending it in the manner of
explicitly eliminating its object of negation; or: (2)
that which is explicitly realized by the conceptual
consciousness apprehending it from the viewpoint
of
somethings being a substantial cause

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang gi nyer bras rang gi
rdzas rgyun du gtso bor skyed byed/ Definition: that
which is the main producer of its substantial effect
735
as the continuum of its substantial entity
rang nyid med dgag
and others; oneself and others
gi gzhan sel bsal sel bsald

seld somethings being a non-affirming negative
other-eliminator
Definitions:
mtshan
nyid/ rang zhes brjod pai sgras rang gi dgag bya bkag
shul du rang dzin rtog pai gzhal byar phangs pa yang
yin/ sgrub pa yang yin pai gzhi mthun pa med pa yang
yin/ dgag pa yang yin pai gzhi mthun par dmigs pa/
Def.:
rang nyid gzung ba chos gzhan
bzung ba la ltos dgos pai btags yod

thogs imputed existent whose apprehension
must depend upon apprehension of another
phenomenon{BJ 46.6}
rang nyid
la thog mar blo sbyong dgos pai bsam pa
sbyang sbyong sbyangs sbyongs a
thought in which it is necessary initially to train
the mind
rang nyid lhan cig byed rkyen

somethings being a cooperative condition
{PH}somethings being a cooperating condition
Definitions:
lhan cig byed bras rang gi rdzas rgyun ma yin par gtso
bor skyed byed/ Definition: that which is the main
producer of its own cooperative effect without being

[contained within] the continuum of its substantial
entity
rang dang gzhan gyi don {MSA}

sva-parrtha ones own and others purposes
rang dang
gzhan gyi don gyi skabs yin pa {MSA}svaparrthdhikaraatva it is the occassion of ones
own and others welfare; being the occassion of
ones own and others welfare {T}
rang dang gzhan gyi don

bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}sva-parrtha-pratipatti;
{MSA}sva-parrtha-sapdana; {MSA}svaparrtha-sdhana; {MSA}sva-parrtha-siddhi
establish ones own and others purposes
rang dang gzhan

gyi don mngon par sgrub pa
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}svaparrthdhikra manifestly establish ones own
and others purposes
rang dang
gzhan gyi don du rab tu sgrub par byed pa
{MSA}sva-parrtha-prasdhana establish ones
own and others purposes
rang dang gzhan
gyi don la rab tu sbyor ba sbyar

sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}sva-parrtha-prayoga
endeavor at ones own and others purposes
rang dang
gzhan gyi sems rjes su bsrung ba

bsrung srung bsrungs srungs {MSA}svapara-cittnurakaa protect/guard/safeguard
ones own and others minds
rang rtags natural sign

rang dang gzhan rjes su
dzin pa gzung dzin bzung
rang stong svanyat emptiness of self
zungs {MSA}sva-parnugraha apprehend
rang stobs kyis by its own power
oneself and others
rang dang snod bcud {PH}oneself rang dang gzhan la phan pa
and the environment and [its] inhabitants
rang dang gzhan {MSA}sva-para self

736
{MSA}sva-parnugraha benefit oneself and

others {T}
rang dang
mkhan po ngag chung gi rang rnam;
gzhan la sems mnyam par jog pa {MSA}svapara-sama-cittvasthpan setting in mental

equipoise with regard to self and others {T}
The autobiography of Nga-wang-pel-sang, abbot [of

Katok Monastery].
rang don svrtha ones own welfare; ones

own purpose/object/welfare
rang don gyi yon tan qualities for

ones own welfare
rang don rjes dpag {LCh}
byung gi ye shes rang bzhin gyis od gsal ba

naturally luminous self-arisen pristine wisdom
rang byung snying po self-arisen
{PH}
matrix
natural color
drang dren drangs drongs/drend which
rang ldog
ldog ldog
ldogs ldogs sva-vyatireka; vivartana self isolate;

self-isolate
rang ldog gcig pa
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs one self isolate;

same self-isolate
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang ldog so so
ba ma yin pai chos// Definition: phenomena that are
not distinct self isolates
rang ldog tha dad
rang rnam
rang byung ye shes self-arisen

pristine wisdom
rang blo ma khrul pa {MSA}
svayam-arnta-buddhi non-mistaken selfawareness; ones own non-mistaken awareness

?? {T}
rang dbang {C,MSA}sva-tantra [own-
power]; independent; under ones own power

{C}as an independent entity
rang dbang gis skye ba
autonomous production; production through

their own power; production under its own
power; produced through their own power
{PH}autobiography
byung
byung byung byung {MSA}svayabh self
arisen
produced
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs different self-
isolates
rang byung ba
rang dbang gis skye autonomously
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs different self isolates
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang ldog so so bai chos/ Definition:
phenomena that are distinct self isolates
rang ldog tha dad pa
rang
nisvasukha-kma desire ones own happiness;

{T} not desiring ones own happiness
induces it
rang byung self-arisen

rang byung gi chos
dharm self-arisen phenomena {C}dharmas of

the Self-existent
rang bde mi dod pa {MSA}
rang dren byed kyi
chub dang bla na med pai byang chub {MV}

pratyeknuttara-bodhi self-enlightenment and
unsurpassed enlightenment
byung byung byung byung {C}svayambh-
svrthnumna; svrthaanumna inference for

oneself
rang mdangs self-effulgence

rang mdog {C} svabhva-vara
rang byang
737
rang dbang gis skye ba
<div>autonomous production; autonomously

produced; production through their own
power</div>
rang dbang can svatantra self

powered; independent
rang dbang du under ones own power;

as self-powered [entities]; independently{BJ
16.4}; by their/its own power{BJ 24.3}; selfpowered
rang dbang du skye ba self-
gal ba yang yin pai gzhi mthun par dmigs pa/ Def.:
that which is observed as a common locus of: it

is an established base; it is not itself; non-it is not
it; and its isolate is non-contradictory with isolate
phenomenon that is not itself
lags kyang {C}svdhna {C}a private (nirva)

of his own
rang dbang du grub pa
rang ma yin
svairsiddhi establishment through its own

power; existence through its own power
pai ldog chos kyi rjes mthun

ldog ldog ldogs ldogs concordance with
isolate phenomenon that is not itself; similitudeof-isolate-phenomenon-which-is-not-itself
Definitions:
rang dbang du byung bai

phyir byung byung byung
byung {C} sva-tantra-vttita due to arising
through its own power {C}it occurs as an
independent reality
mtshan nyid/ khyod gzhi grub/ khyod khyod rang
rang dbang du dzin pa
ma yin/ khyod ma yin pa khyod ma yin/ khyod kyi ldog
svatantra-grha apprehend through its own

power; apprehend independently
pa rang ma yin pai ldog chos kyi rjes mthun dang mi
rang dbang du rang bzhin

gyis skye autonomously inherently produced
rang dbang pa {C}aivarya; {L}
rang dbang med pa {L}anaivarya
an observed common locus between: its being an

established base; its not being itself; non-its not
being it; and its isolate being non-contradictory with
isolate phenomenon that is not itself
projective dynamism
rang mtshan sva-lakaa specifically
non-independent; non-self-powered
byung
byung byung byung {C}svayam-bh; {C}

svayam-bh-jna self-arisen {C}Self-existent;
cognition of the Self-existent
characterized phenonenon; own-character;

specifically characterized phenomenon {N}
self-character; {GD:112} specific defining property
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
1 sgra rtog gis btags tsam ma yin par rang gi mtshan
svayambh-jna self-arisen consciousness
gal ba yang yin pai gzhi mthun par dmigs pa/ Def.:
rang rtsal self-projective artifice; self-
svatantra own power; independence;

independent sovreignty
mtshan nyid/ khyod gzhi grub/
khyod kyi ldog pa rang ma yin pai ldog chos dang mi
rang dbang du gyur pa
rang byung gyi shes pa
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs

isolate phenomenon that is not itself; isolatephenomenon-that-is-not-itself
Definitions:
khyod khyod rang ma yin/ khyod ma yin pa khyod ma yin/
powered production{BJ 31.4}
rang byung
rang bras sva-phala own effect

rang ma yin pai ldog chos
nyid gyis grub pai chos/ 2 sgra rtog gis btags tsam ma
738
yin par yul rang gi thun mong ma yin pai sdod lugs
kyi ngos nas grub pa/ 3 rang bzhin kyis rang gi rang
bzhin la gnas pa / Def.: (1) a phenomenon which
is established through its own characteristic nature,

without being merely designated by terms or
thought; (2) established from the side of its objects
own uncommon mode of subsistence, without being
merely imputed by terms o
rang mtshan pa fully qualified; regular

rang mtshan
spyi mtshan gyi rnam bzhag Presentation of
Specifically and Generally Characterized
Phenomena, by Den-dar-hla-ram-ba (bstan dar
lha ram pa, 1759-?); in Collected gsung bum of
Bstan dar Lha ram[s] of A-lag-sa; vol. 1: New
Delhi: Lama Guru Deva, 1971
rang mtshan bzung yul du byed pai rtog
med ma khrul bai shes pa non-conceptual, nonmistaken consciousness that takes a specifically
characterized phenomenon as its apprehended
object
rang dzin rtog pa conceptual
rang dzin rtog
pai zhen gzhi yin pa being the referent of a

conceptual consciousness apprehending it
rang dzin rtog pai zhen gzhir rang gi mtshan

nyid kyis grub pa establishment by way of its
own character as the referent of a conceptual
consciousness apprehending it
rang dzin rtog pai
nyid kyis ma grub pa non-establishment by way

of its own character as a referent of a conceptual
rang dzin rtog pas
gzung dzin bzung zungs by the thoughtconsciousness apprehending it

rang dzin rtog pas
lkog tu gyur pai tshul gyis rtogs par bya ba object

that is realized in a hidden manner by the thoughtconsciousness apprehending it [definition of hidden
phenomenon (lkog gyur)]
rang dzin rtog
pas rang gi dgag bya dngos su bcad pai tshul gyis
rtogs par bya ba an object that is realized in the
manner of explicitly cutting its object of negation
by the thought consciousness apprehending it
[definition of negation (dgag pa)]
dngos su bcad pai tshul gyis rtogs par bya ba ma
yin pai chos a phenomenon that is not an object
that is realized in the manner of explicitly cutting
its object of negation by the thought consciousness
apprehending it [definition of establishment (sgrub
pa)]
rang dzin rtog pas bzhag

pa posited by a conceptual consciousness
apprehending it
zhen gzhir rang gi mtshan nyid kyis grub pa sgro

btags paam snang ba superimposed factor or
appearance of an object as established by way of
its own character as the referent of a conceptual
consciousness
rang dzin rtog pai zhen gzhir rang gi mtshan
rang dzin rtog pas rang gi dgag bya
rang dzin rtog
pai zhen gzhir rang gi mtshan nyid kyis grub par

sgro btags pa ltar du grub pa establishment in
accordance with the superimposed factor of
being established by way of its own character as
the referent of a conceptual consciousness
rang dzin med
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}anahakra no

conception of self {C}no sense of ownership; no
I-making
rang zhes rjod pai sgra term
expressing that object; term expressing it; term

verbalizing it
739
rang zhes rjod pai sgras jug
own natural body; which come naturally to
rang bzhin gyi rgyan natural

ornament
pai jug gzhir rang gi mtshan nyid kyis ma grub

pa <div>non-establishment by way of its own
character as a referent of a term expressing it</
div>
rang bzhin gyi rtags svabhvaliga nature sign
rang bzhin gyi rtog pa
rang zhes rjod pai sgra term
brgyad bcu eighty indicative conceptions
expressing that object
rang zhes rjod pai sgra jug pai
brgyad bcu indicative conceptions
jug gzhir rang gi mtshan nyid kyis ma grub pa

non-establishment by way of its own character as
a referent of a term expressing it
rang gzhan grub mtha
{PH}
rang bzhin gyi don {MSA}

defilements
rang bzhin gyi mdog {C}
[beings] oneself and others
rang gzhan don {MSA}sva-parrtha
svabhva-vara natural color {C}color
rang bzhin gyi rnam par
ones own and others purposes/welfare
rang bzhin naturally; nature; inherent
dag pa {MSA}viuddha prakty natural

purity
existence; natural {PH}own nature; nature
rang bzhin sku {MSA}svbhvika ...

kya nature body
rang bzhin kho nas yod pa
nyid svabhvata evstitva existence by way of

just nature
gal te yang de ltar me
la sogs pa rang bzhin kho nas yod pa nyid du gyur
na nyes pa cir gyur/ Even if there were existence
by way of just nature of fire and so forth, what
fault would there be? (yadi punarevamagnydn
svabhvata evstitva sytko doa syt) [PP,
271.19]
rang bzhin khyad par gsum
rang bzhin gyi dbang

po rno ba nyid {MSA}prakti-tkendriyat
naturally sharp faculties
rang bzhin gyi tshul khrims

{MSA}prakti-la natural ethics
rang bzhin gyi od {C}praktiprabh natural light {C}natural splendor
rang bzhin gyi yan lag
{MSA,MV}svabhvga limbs of inherent

existence
rang bzhin gyi rigs natural

lineage
three attributes of nature/inherent nature
rang bzhin gyis svabhvatas
rang bzhin gyi dkhyil khor
inherently {GD:228} naturally existing

similarities
natural maala
nature body; inherently existent body {C}his
brgyad bcu indicative conceptions
rang bzhin gyi dri ma natural
{PH}all
rang bzhin gyi sku {C}prkta kya

svabhvrtha inherently existent object/meaning
the tenets of ourselves and others
rang gzhan thams cad
740
rang
par dag pa {MSA}prakti-pariuddhatva; {MSA}
prakti-pariuddhi; {MSA}prakti-viuddhit
inherently pure
bzhin gyis kun nas nyon mongs pa can ma yin pa

{MSA}prakty-asakliatva is not inherently
afflicted
rang bzhin
rang bzhin gyis ma skyes pa
gyis kun nas nyon mongs pa med {MSA}

nisakleat prakty not inherently afflicted
rang bzhin gyis skye ba inherent

production
rang bzhin gyis grub pa
svabhva-siddhi inherently established;

inherent establishment; established inherently;
established by way of its own nature {PH}
being intrinsically established; being inherently
established; intrinsic establishment; inherent
establishment
asvabhva; {N}nisvabhva absence of inherent

existence; no inherent existence{N}; not existent
by nature
mya ngan las das pa naturally passed beyond

sorrow{BJ 23.3}
rang bzhin gyis od gsal la

{MSA}prakti-prabhsvara naturally luminous
par snang ba snang snang snang

snang appearance of inherent existence
rang bzhin gyis grub
par dzin pa gzung dzin

bzung zungs *svabhvasiddhagrha conception
of inherent existence

rang bzhin gyis grub pas stong
rang bzhin
gyis yongs su mya ngan las das pa {L,MSA}
prakti-parinirvta naturally thoroughly passed
beyond sorrow
rang bzhin gyis yod pa

*svabhvasat inherently existent
rang bzhin gyis yon

tan dang ldan pa {MSA}prakty gua-vata;
{MSA}praktyaiva gua-yukta inherently
possessing (good) qualities
pai stong pa nyid; rang bzhin stong pa nyid

emptiness of inherent existence
rang bzhin gyis stong {C}
svabhvena nya; {C}svabhva-nya emptiness

of inherent existence; empty by way of its own
nature; inherently empty {C}empty in (their)
own-being
rang bzhin gyis stong pa
svabhvanyat absence of inherent existence
rang bzhin gyis stong pa nyid

{MSA}prakti-nyat; {N}svabhva-nyat
natural emptiness; emptiness of inherent
existence; empty by way of its own nature;
inherently empty
rang bzhin gyis med pa {N}

rang bzhin gyis
rang bzhin gyis grub
rang bzhin gyis rnam
svabhvanutpattim non-production by way of

its own nature; not produced by way of its own
nature
rang bzhin brgyad cu
{PH}eighty
instinctual natures
rang bzhin brgyad cui

kun rtog eighty indicative conceptions
rang bzhin can {L}sva-bhva; {MSA}jtya inherently; naturally; having inherent

existence
rang bzhin gcig {C}eka-praktika

{PH}same nature
rang bzhin gcig pa {C}eka-
praktika one nature; same nature {C}having

one single essential nature; {GD:284} identity in
741
nature
rang bzhin jam po
{PH}naturally
smooth
rang bzhin snying brtse {MSA}

kp prakty natural compassion; naturally
compassionate
rang bzhin mya ngan das

rang bzhin stong pa nyid {MV}
{MSA}prakti-nirvta naturally passed beyond

sorrow; natural nirva
rang bzhin myang das
prakti-nyat emptiness of inherent existence;

empty of inherent existence; naturally empty
rang bzhin bstan pa
virahita; svabhvbhva without inherent

nature; without inherent existence; absence
of inherent existence; non-inherent existence;
absence/lack of inherent existence; absence of
nature; without an inherent nature
{LCh}prakti-parinirvta; *praktiparinirva;
svabhvanirva naturally passed beyond
sorrow; natural nirva; natural nirvana
{PH}naturally passed beyond sorrow; natural
nirva
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}dhti

prakty naturally stable
rang bzhin mthar thug {N}

svabhva-paryanta final nature{N}
rang bzhin od gsal {MSA}
bai bras bu *svabhva-viruddha-krya effect

contradictory with the nature
rang bzhin od gsal
prakti-prabhsvara naturally luminous; natural

luminescence
rang bzhin dang gal
bai sems natural mind of clear light
rang bzhin du gnas pa {MSA}
rang bzhin yan lag {MV}
prakti-stha naturally abide
svabhvga limbs of inherent existence
rang bzhin dri med {MSA}amala ... rang bzhin yin pa {C}tmat is
prakty naturally stainless
inherently existent; is naturally; is inherently

{C}to have the self-nature of
rang bzhin gnas rigs
*svabhvasthnagotra; {EO}praktistha gotram

naturally abiding lineage; natural lineage
rang bzhin rnam dag gi cha

factor of natural purity
rang bzhin bab kyi chos nyid

naturally flowing noumenon
rang bzhin ma dmigs pa
rang bzhin yon tan ldan
{MSA}prakti-guavat naturally possessing

(good) qualities
rang bzhin gsum trisvabhva three

natures
svabhva nature; inherent existence; inherent

nature
rang bzhin med {C}asvabhvat
rang bzhin; ngo bo nyid
non-inherent existence; absence/lack of inherent

existence {C}to be without own-being; absence
of own-being
nisvabhv utterly without an inherent nature
rang bzhin/ ngo bo nyid
dmigs dmigs dmigs

dmigs nonobservation of a nature
rang bzhin med pa {C}svabhva-
rang bzhin ye med sarvath
{LCh,C,MSA}svabhva; {C}svabhvaka; {C}

svabhvatva; {C}svbhvya; {MSA}svbhvika;
{C}jta; {LCh,L,MSA,MV}prakti; {N}svarpa;
{MSA}-maya (e.g.: pramit-maya); {C}-mayin;
742
tmaka nature; inherent existence; inherent
nature; own-being; exist inherently; fundamental
nature {C}final nature [e.g.: eva svabhva, of
such an own-being; abhva-svabhva, non-existent
own-nature]; natural; essential; essence; in its ownbeing; state of own-being; made; consists of; grows;
has become; (there has been) born
chos rnams gyi rang gi rang bzhin
yod kyang although phenomena have their [own]
nature{DASI 593.5}
rang bzhin gzhan du gyur ba
ni/ nam yang thad par mi gyur ro/ Change of
a nature is never feasible. (prakter anyathbhvo
na hi jtpapadyate) [MMK, XV.8cd, 19; DBU,
6.3.5-6] rang bzhin dag
ni bcos min Nature is non-fabricated. (aktrima
svabhvo) [MMK, XV.2cd]
rang yid {PH}subjective mind

rang yin pai ldog chos
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs isolate
phenomenon that is itself; isolate-phenomenonwhich-is-itself

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ khyod gzhi grub/ khyod khyod rang yin/
rang yul sva-viaya own object; its own

object
rang rang svaka-svaka respective; each;

its own
rang rang gi {C}svaka-svaka respective;

each; its own{LG} their; {C}each one (in) his/
their own
rang rang gi ngo bos stong pa

emptiness of their own respective entities
rang rang gi
stan la dga bar mi gyur ba

gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}svaka-svakev
saneu na ramante {C}they do not enjoy
themselves on their respective seats
rang rang gi sdod lugs

su grub pa establishment as its own mode of
abiding; established as its own mode of abiding
rang rang gi myong bya its own

object of awareness{LG}
rang rang gi bsod nams {C}
khyod ma yin pa khyod yin/ khyod kyi ldog pa rang yin
pai ldog chos dang mi gal ba yang yin pai gzhi mthun
sva-puya its own merit
par dmigs pa/ Definition: an observed common
rang rig svasavedana; {LCh}svasavitti;
locus between: its being an established base; its

being itself; not-its being it; and its isolate being
non-contradictory with isolate phenomenon that is
itself
svasavedan self-knower; self-knowing; selfcognizing consciousness {PH}self-cognizing

Definitions:
[awareness]; self-knower
mtshan nyid/ dzin rnam/ Definition:
that which has the aspect of the apprehended
rang yin pai
ldog chos kyi rjes mthun

ldog ldog ldogs ldogs concordance with isolate
phenomenon that is itself; similitude-of-isolatephenomenon-which-is-itself
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ khyod gzhi

grub/ khyod khyod rang yin/ khyod ma yin pa khyod yin/
khyod kyi ldog pa rang yin pai ldog chos kyi rjes mthun
rang rig mngon sum
svasavedana-pratyaka; svasavedan-pratyaka
self-knowing direct perception; self-cognizing
direct perception
dbye ba/ 1 rang rig mngon sum
Divisions:
du gyur pai tshad ma/ 2 rang rig mngon sum du

gyur pai bcad shes/ 3 rang rig mngon sum du
Def.: an observed common locus between: its

being an established base; its being itself; not-its

being it; and its isolate being non-contradictory with
concordance with isolate phenomenon that is itself
743
gyur pai snang la ma nges/ Definition: (1) direct
perceiver that is a self-knowing direct perceiver; (2)
subsequent cognizer that is a self-knowing direct
perceiver; (3) awareness to which an object appears
but is not ascertained that is a self-knowing direct
perceiver
rang rig mngon sum gyi

tshad ma svasavedana-pratyaka-prama
prime cognizer that is a self-knowing direct
perceiver
rang rig bcad shes
svasavedana-paricchina-jna self-knowing
subsequent cognizer
rang re each; we
rang rei yig cha our textbook{PGP
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 don goms pa can gyi dbang mngon gyi

tshad ma/ 2 don byed snang can gyi dbang mngon
gyi tshad ma/ 3 rang rig mngon sum gyi tshad ma/
4 rnal byor mngon sum gyi tshad ma/ 5 rjes su
dpag pai tshad ma/ Div.: (1) sense direct prime
cognizers having a familiar object; (2) sense direct
prime cognizers to which the ability to perform a
function appears; (3) self-knowing direct prime
cognizers; (4) yogic direct prime cognizers; (5)
inferential prime cognizer
rang lugs {N}sva-mata own

system{D1}; our own system
83}
rang la phan byas {MSA}svtma-hita

ones benefit
rang lam natural path

rang lam gyi bya ba activities of
rang lugs bzhag pa presentation

of ones own system{D1}; presentation of our
own system
rang shar self-dawning; self-illumination;

{T} self-arising
rang sangs rgyas {LCh,L,MSA,MV}
his/her path
rang las skye ba production from
pratyekabuddha Solitary Realizer
itself
rang las rgyangs chad
kyi don gzhan chad chad chad

chad factually other, distant, and cut off from
oneself
rang las nges kyi tshad ma
rang sangs rgyas kyi theg pa

pratyeka-buddha-yna Solitary Realizer Vehicle
rang sangs rgyas kyi

phags pa pratyeka-buddha-rya Solitary
Realizer Superior
rang sangs rgyas kyi sa
pratyekabuddhabhmi grounds of solitary

realizers
svata prmya; svato-niyama-prmya a

prime cognizer which induces ascertainment
by itself
Definitions:
rang sems {MSA}sva-citta own mind;
mtshan nyid/ rang gi gzhal byai bdag nyid/ mthar
ones own mind
rang sems dag {MSA}sva-citta-uddhi

purify ones own mind
thug pa yul steng du gnas pa med par rang nyid mi
rang srog {MSA}sva-jvita ones own life;
byung ba la nges pa rang stobs kyis dren nus pai gsar

du mi slu bai rig pa/ Def.: a new incontrovertible
ones own liveliness
knower that is able to induce, through its own

power, ascertainment that it by itself would not
give rise to if the final nature of its own object of
comprehension did not abide in the object
744
rang gsal self-luminous
rang gsal bar smra ba
rab rgyas {MV}pratnat very extensive;
svaprakavda {GD:592} self-relevatory

cognition (the position of Dharmakirti, as well
as, the Prbhkara Mmsakas and Advaitin
Vedntins)
very wide; very full
rab bcings pa ching bas
{MSA}bandhantibaddha bound by strong bonds
rangs pa dang yid bde ba rab mchog {C}pravara highest; utmost;

supreme {C}excellent
skye ste {C}prti-saumanasya-jta {C}exultant

and glad; overjoyed and enchanted; full of zest and
gladness; full of joy and zest; exultant and jubilant
rangs par byed pa {C}abhirdhayati

{C}gladdens
ran dang bar mdzad pa {MSA}

prasdasya vidhyaka (thoroughly) purify;
very pure; (thoroughly) purified
rab jug {MSA}udvtti engage in; enter

rab tu {MSA}parama; {MSA}pra-; {TN}citra;
{MSA}pragha; {MSA}bha highest; best; as

an intensifier: very; intensively various
rab tu skye {MSA}prabhava; {MSA}
time; appropriate
(pra bh): prabhavati; {MSA}(pr-dur bh):

prdurbhavati; {MV}(pra jan): prajyate strong
production; production; strongly produce;
produce
as an intensifier: very {C}culminating point;

boon; choicest; supreme; foremost
production; production; strongly produce;

produce
ran pa {MSA}parimit; {MSA}pramit right
rab pra-; {C}vara; {C}prakara best; highest; rab tu skye ba {LCh}prabhava strong
rab tu bskor pa
rab dka [very-white]; very white; pure
bskor skor bskord skord {L}pravartayat
white
completly encircle/surround/revolve/
rab bkang ba thoroughly fill

rab bskyed bskyed

turn; spread
rab tu mkhyen pa
skyed bskyed skyed {MSA}prajanita produce;

produced
mkhyen mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend {C}
rab mkhas pa {MSA}sukuala very
prajnti thoroughly knows; highest exalted

knower {C}(wisely) knows; knows, in his
wisdom; comprehends
wise; very skilled
rab gang {MSA}prapra very full

rab tu gang ba {MSA}pratipra very
full
rab gus {C}guru-premata highest respect;
very respectful {C}with respect and affection
rab tu grags pa {MSA}pratta very
renowned
rab grags {MSA}prathta very
renowned
rab tu grub pa {MSA}prasiddha
strongly established; very established
rab dga {MSA}pramodya very joyful
rab dgai yid {MSA}pramudita-manas rab tu dga ba {C,MSA}pramudit;
{C,MSA}prmodya; {MSA}pramoda; {C}

abhipramudita; {C}surata very joyful; Very
Joyful (first bodhisattva ground) {C}overjoyed;
very joyful mind
rab rgyan
{PH}[n. of calendrical cycle]
745
joyful; joyous; elation; rejoicing; Rapture;
exceedingly joyous
exalts; cause the distinction
rab tu sgrub par byed
rab tu dga ba skye ba {C}priti-

(pra pad): prapadyate; {MSA}prasdhana
(strongly) establish; (strongly) established
prmodya-jta produce great joy; very joyous

{C}jubilant
rab tu dga ba skye bar
rab tu bsngags {MSA}(pra as);
gyur ro {C}prti-prmodya produce great joy;

(become) very joyous {C}glad and elated; zest
and rejoicing; joy and rejoicing; jubilant
praasyate; {MSA}(as): asyate (strongly)

praise
rab tu bcom gyur
rab tu dga ba byed {C}
gzhom joms bcom choms {MSA}

asta prayta thoroughly/completely destroy/
overcome/triumph over
pramodanto bhipramodanti rejoice; strongly

rejoice
rab tu dga bar byed pa {C}
rab tu choms pa gyur pa
rab tu dga zhing spro ba {C}
rab tu mchog {L}pravara highest;
gzhom joms bcom choms {L}

samudghta destroy; uproot; extirpate
sampraharayati rejoice; strongly rejoice {C}

in order to gladden
prmodya-prti very joyful and spread out {C}
joy and zest
rab tu god pa
engage; enter {C}finds satisfaction
rab tu gyed pa {C}pramukta; {C}
rab tu jog {MSA}(pra dh):
pradadhti; {MSA}(pra sth): prasthpayati

(strongly) posit; (strongly) establish; deposit
rab tu jog par byed {C}
pratihpayati (strongly) posit; (strongly)

establish; deposit
rab tu brjod
brjod rjod
brjod rjod {C}pravucyati (strongly) express;
(strongly) state {C}is called
avasjati {C}shedding of; emits; gives up;

discharges; bestows; lets go; lets loose
rab tu rgyas pai dmigs pa
rab tu nyams pa {C}vihna; {L}
dmigs dmigs dmigs

dmigs {MV}pratnatlambana very extensive
object of observation
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {C} prabhvayati

(strongly) cultivate; (strongly) practice
meditation {C}fosters; brings forth; promote;
rab tu jig pa {C}pralujyate; {C}
rab tu jug {C}praskandati (strongly)
pratihpayati strongly/intensely/thoroughly
set/state/establish/arrange/register/make a
record/place [on throne]/put [a signature]/array;
affix; cause to set, etc.
rab tu sgom byed
very highest; excellent; supreme
prabhagura disintegrate; destroy {C}crumble

away; brittle
dgod god bkod god {MSA}prasthpana

strongly/intensely/thoroughly set/state/establish/
arrange/register/make a record/place [on
throne]/put [a signature]/array; affix
rab tu god pa byed pa
746
pranaa very degenerated; very spoiled; very

defiled; very corrupted lose; forget; disappear;
{C}deficient; failed in
rab tu nyams pa gyur ba

{C}sampramoayati; {MSA}pracyvana very
degenerated; very spoiled; very defiled; very
corrupted {C}impair
rab tu nyen {C}pratipan
rab tu bsten bya
{C}
oppression
rab tu rtog pa {C}pratiedha
(strongly) think; (strongly) conceptualize {C}

abolition; removal; avoid(ing)

bsten sten bstend stend {MSA}(pra vas): pravaset
should strongly/intensely rely upon/make use
of/stay close to/adhere to; that which is stronly/
intensely relied upon/made use of/stayed close to/
adhered to
rab tu rtogs
rtogs
rtogs rtogs rtogs {L}prabodha; {MV}prativyadh-;
{MV}prativedha (strongly) realize; cognize
awake; become conscious; understand; knowledge
rab tu bsten byed
rab tu rtogs nas
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}pratividhya
rab tu thob pa
rab tu thob pa dam pa
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}pratividdha;

{C,MSA,MV}prativedha; {C}pratyaygama; {MV}

prativyadh- (strongly) realize; cognize {C}
penetrated (to); penetration; assignment
rab tu ston
strongly/intensely rely/relying upon/make use of/

stay close to/adhere to {C}practicing
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}pratilambha;

{MSA}prpti thoroughly obtain; attain; achieve
{C}acquisition; acquire; acquiring; to win; will
win
(e.g.: dharmat pratividhya) having (strongly)

realized; having cognized
rab tu rtogs pa
bsten sten bstend stend {C}nievamano
pratilambha-paramat excellent attainment {T}
rab tu mthong {MSA}(pra pa):
bstan
prapayati see; perceive
ston bstand stond {C}nidarayati; {C}darayate;

{MV}(pra bh): prabhvyate teach; (strongly)
indicate {C}defines; reveals; exhibits; exhibit;
reveal; manifest
rab tu thob

thob/thob thob thob thobs {MV}(prati labh):
pratilabhate thoroughly obtain; attain; achieve
rab tu ston pa
rab tu thob pa
rab tu ston par byed
rab tu dang ba {C,MSA}prasda;

bstan ston bstand stond {MV}prakana; {MSA}
yang dag par rab tu ston pa = (sa-pra k):
saprakaka teach; (strongly) indicate
{MSA}prasanna very pure {C}serenity; serene

faith/confidence/belief; trust; confidence
nidarayati; {MSA}prakana teach; (strongly)

indicate {C}defines; reveals; exhibits
rab tu bstan pa
rab tu bsten pa
rab tu dang ba dang
ldan pai sems {MSA}prasda-sahagata ... citta

(e.g.: pragha-prasda-sahagata ... citta) very
pure mind; mind endowed with highest purity
bstan ston bstand stond {C}prakyati teach;

(strongly) indicate {C}proclaims; reveals;
shows; makes known
rab tu dang bai yid {MSA}
prasanna ... manas very pure mind {PH}very

pure mind
bsten sten bstend stend {C}sevayati strongly/

intensely rely upon/make use of/stay close to/
adhere to {C}cultivate; indulge in
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}pratilabhate

thoroughly obtain; attain; achieve {C}acquires;
find; receives; gains; regains
rab tu dwang ba yid la byed

pa thoroughly clear mental contemplation
747
rab tu dad par byung ba
encompassed by; being made to appear
rab tu rnam par byed par
prasdati arise as pure {C}finds faith in
byed {L}pravicaya thoroughly differentiate;

thorough differentiation; thoroughly separate;
thoroughly open investigation; discernment
rab tu dul ba {MSA}suvint very

disciplined
rab tu gdon par bya {C}
rab tu rnam par
rig par bya ba ma yin {C}aprajapanya not an

object of knowledge {C}cannot be intimated;
what cannot be a subject of wise instruction;
inconceivable; should/can not be conceived
pravartayati (=utpdiyati) cause to come out;

(strongly) expel; recite; take out {C}spread;
turn
rab tu bde bar gnas {MSA}

parama-sukha-vihra abide in highest bliss
rab tu dren pa
drang dren drangs drongs/drend {C}pariyika

strongly induce/lead/draw/connect; cite; leader
{C}guide
rab tu ldan pa {C}samprayukta
possessing; having; associated (with) {C}intent

on
rab tu gnas pa
{PH}
brilliantly illuminated [things]
rab tu snang bai rnam

bsgoms sgoms {MSA}saprakhynkra-bhvana
meditation on an aspect of intense illumination
rab tu snang bar gyur
snang snang snang snang {MSA}(pra
pa): prapayati appear; perceive
rab
gnas {C}supratihita; {MSA}sastha (e.g.:

adhytma-sastha); pratih; {Das} prasthpana
thoroughly abide; highest abode; p.n. of a nga
king; consecration {C}well-established in
rab tu rnam par jig pa {C}
vipralopa thoroughly disintegrate; thoroughly

destroy {C}collapse
rab tu rnam par spyad par
byao spyad spyod spyad spyod

{C}pravicrayati one should thoroughly practice
{C}amuse oneself with
rab tu rnam par dbye pa {C}
rab tu snang byed
{PH}Pramsa
[charnal ground]
rab tu spong
spang
spong spangs spongs {L}prajahati; {L}praha;
{MSA}yang dag rab tu spong = sapravarjana
thoroughly abandon
rab tu spyod
spyad spyod
spyad spyod {C}pracarati (thoroughly) enjoy;

(thoroughly) make use of; (thoroughly) practice;
act out; perform {C}proceeds; circulates; be
observed; appears; appear; spread
rab tu phyag tshal
btsal tshol btsald tshold pay
pravicaya thoroughly differentiate; thoroughly

divide; thoroughly open {C}investigation;
discernment
thorough obeisance
rab tu rnam par byed pa
{C,MSA}pravicaya; {C}pravibhvyamna
(=nirpyama) thoroughly differentiate;
thorough differentiation; thoroughly separate;
thoroughly open {C}investigation; discernment;
rab tu snang ba {BCA} praka
748
rab tu phye {L}prabhva thoroughly

distinguish(ed); thoroughly differentiates
rab tu phye ba yin no {C}
prabhvyate thoroughly distinguish(ed);

thoroughly differentiates {C}drew their strength
from; brought about (from); brought forth; derives
its dignity; one discerns; discerned; exalted; derived
from; come forth; recognition
rab tu phye ba; rab tu
rab tu bab pa
bab babs bab babs {MSA}praviana

[=praveana?] thoroughly descend/rain/flow/
fall down/move downward/slope toward
bzhag pa {C}prabhvita; {C}prabhvitat;

{MSA,MV}prabhvitatva distinguished; posit;
posited; thoroughly distinguish; thoroughly
differentiates {C}drew their strength from;
brought about (from); brought forth; derives its
dignity; one discerns; discerned; exalted; derived
from; come forth; recognition
rab tu bab par gyur ro
bab babs bab babs {C}

pravartayati; {C}abhipravarati thoroughly
descend/rain/flow/fall down/move downward/
slope toward {C}(shall) rain down to
rab tu byams par gyur pa
{MSA}pragata sneha very loving; highest love
rab tu byung ba

byung byung byung byung {LCh,MSA}pravrajita
to become a monk; person who has gone forth
[from the home life]
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 dge slong / 2 dge slong ma/ 3
dge tshul/ 4 dge tshul ma Divisions: (1) monk; (2)
nun; (3) ramaa; (4) rama
rab tu byed {C}prapacayati
(thoroughly) do; (thoroughly) perform {C}

get delayed; has idle fancies about; cause (a) delay;
prolong (their sojourn in the world)
rab tu byed pa {MSA}don ston rab
rab tu bar ba {MSA}pradpta

strongly burn; blaze up; strongly burning
rab tu byin par byed
dbyung byin phyung phyungs {MSA}
(pra vraj): pravrjayati (strongly) issue forth;

take out; remove; root out
rab tu byung

byung byung byung byung {C}pravartita; {C}
pravrajate; {MV}(sa-pra vt): sapravartate
(strongly) arise; thoroughly arise; come forth;
(strongly) emerge; appear {C}is kept going; has
spread; goes out into
rab tu byung ba
byung byung byung byung {C}pravartanat;

(pra vraj): {MSA}pravrajya; {C}pravrajati to
become a monk; (strongly) arise; thoroughly
arise; come forth; (strongly) emerge; appear
come to pass; takes up the homeless life
tu byed pa = artha-vibhvan prakurute

(thoroughly) do; (thoroughly) perform
rab tu dben pa {C}pravivikta; {C}
vivikta thorough isolation; thoroughly isolate

{C}detached; isolated(ness)
rab tu byung bai
phyir mngon par byung byung

byung byung byung {C}pravrjyyai nikrmati
(=pravrajito) manifestly emerge [from the
home] in order to become a monk
rab tu dben pai yid byed

pravivikta-manasikra; prvivekyamanaskra
mental contemplation of thorough isolation
rab tu dbye ba {C}prabhvan;
{C}prabhvyate; {C,MSA,MV}prabheda; {C}

aprabhedat; {MSA}pravibhga; {MSA}bheda
thoroughly distinguish(ed); thoroughly
differentiates {C}drew their strength from;
brought about (from); brought forth; derives its
dignity; one discerns; discerned; exalted; derived
from; come forth; recognition; distinction; divided;
cleaving; sub-division; is clarified; is brought about;

is the prime caus
749
rab tu byung bar gyur ro

pravrajita to become a monk; (strongly) arise;
thoroughly arise; come forth; (strongly) emerge;
appear {C}recluse; left the world
rab tu byed do {C}prabhvyate
(thoroughly) separate; (thoroughly) differentiate;
rab tu mi shes {C}aprajnamno not
(thoroughly) open
rab tu byed pa {C}prabhvan
(=prakan); {C}prabhvanat; {C}prabhvita;

{C}prabhinnati; {C}prabheda; {C}prabhvyate;
{L}prabheda; {MSA}pravicaya (thoroughly)
separate; (thoroughly) differentiate; (thoroughly)
open revelation; augmentation; coming forth;
distinctive manifestation; cleaves; distinction;
divided; cleaving; sub-division
rab tu byed par bgyid
rab tu brtson {C}sattva (strongly)
gzung
dzin bzung zungs (pra grah): {MSA}praghti;
{MV}pradhra(a) (strongly) apprehend;
(strongly) grasp; (thoroughly) conceive
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}prayojana

(thoroughly) join; (thoroughly) connect; affix;
associate; (thoroughly) prepare
rab tu sbyin {C}pradna intense giving;

give; bestow; highest gift; highest offering {C}
offering; freely bestow; generosity; donation
sbyar
sbyor sbyard sbyord (pra yuj): {L,MSA}prayoga;

{MSA}prayujyate; {MSA}prayukta thoroughly
endeavor/join/connect/apply/prepare/establish/
exert
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {MV}apraprat

not very complete/perfect
rab tu dzin pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {L}parigraha;

{MSA}pragraha; {MV}pradhra(a) (strongly)
apprehend; (strongly) grasp; (thoroughly)
conceive
rab tu dzin par gyur ba

pratighti (strongly) apprehend; (strongly)
grasp; (thoroughly) conceive {C}receives;
accepts; acquires; take hold of
rab tu zhi ba {L}prasanna; {L}pranta;

{MV}pranti; {MSA,MV}praama (thoroughly)
pacified; (thorough) pacification; very calm
rab tu zhi bar gyur ro {C}
rab tu mang po {L}sambahula very
prahsyate (thoroughly) pacify {C}will get rid

of
many
rab tu mi dga {C}savega not
rab tu zhi bar bya ba {MV}
(thoroughly) happy {C}agitation; tribulation
praamana object of (thorough) pacification
rab tu mi gnas par smra ba
{N}sarva-dharmpratisthna-vdin Proponent of
Thorough Non-Abiding{N}
propound; proponent false teacher; {C}one who

utters
rab tu dzin
rab tu ma rdzogs
rab tu smra {C}pravdin (strongly)
{MSA}samyukta (strongly) endeavor; make

effort; strive; exert oneself
sbyard sbyord {C}prayukta (=samprayukta)

(thoroughly) join; (thoroughly) connect; affix;
associate; (thoroughly) prepare {C}associated
with; practiced
rab tu sbyor ba
(thoroughly) ripen; (thoroughly) mature
rab tu brtson pa {MSA}prayukta;
sbyar sbyor
rab tu sbyar ba
rab tu smin pa {MSA}prapaca
endeavor; make effort; strive; exert oneself

{C}being; substance; energy
{C}prabhvayati (thoroughly) separate;

(thoroughly) differentiate; (thoroughly) open
rab tu sbyar
(thoroughly) know/cognize {C}not consider

wisely
750
rab tu zhi bar bya ba yin

{C}praamayati is an object of (thorough)
pacification {C}appeases; blow out
rab tu zhi bar byed {MV}praamana rab tu shes {MSA,MV}prajnti {MSA}

(thoroughly) pacify
(e.g.: yathbhta prajnti); {MV}praj-; {MV}

prajna; {C}pratividhyati; {C}prajyate; {C}
prajnti (thoroughly) know; (thoroughly)
cognize; highest consciousness {C}penetrates
to; (is/can be) conceived; conceive; comes under
the concept of; (one) can conceive; becomes/is
conceivable; have a conception of; recognizes;
asserts; claim
rab tu zhi bar byed pa
{C,MSA}pramana {MSA}(e.g.: klea-vydhipraama); {MSA}amana (e.g.: vydhi-amana)

(thoroughly) pacify {C}allayer; appeasing
rab tu zhugs pa
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C}prasthita; {MSA}

prayukta; {MSA}pravia; {MSA}prasthita (e.g.:
utpatha-prasthita) (thoroughly) engage in;
(thoroughly) enter {C}set out for
rab tu shes pa {C}prajnan; {MSA}
rab tu zhugs par gyur
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C}prasthihati
(thoroughly) engage in; (thoroughly) enter {C}

set out for
rab tu gzhog par byed pa {C}

pratihpayati (thoroughly) posit; (thoroughly)
establish; designate {C}establishes; introduces
to; transfers to; builds; places; deposits in; bestows
rab tu bzhag pa {MV}prajapti(tas)

(thoroughly) posit; (thoroughly) establish;
designate; posited
rab tu bshad {C}prakita
(thoroughly) explain; (thorough) exposition/

explanation; (thoroughly) set forth; (thoroughly)
explicate {C}revealed
rab tu bshad pa {MSA}prakana
(thoroughly) explain; (thorough) exposition/

explanation; (thoroughly) set forth; (thoroughly)
explicate
rab tu sim par byed pa {C}
rab tu zin {C}praghta (thoroughly)
prahldanatva {C}exhilarated by
rab tu sreg byed {MSA}pradhaka
apprehend; (thoroughly) grasp; done with;

(thoroughly) conjoined with; affected by {C}
taken hold of
(thoroughly) burn; (thoroughly) roast
rab tu lhung {L}prapatati fall down; fall
rab tu bzung ba {C}praghti
into
(thoroughly) apprehend; (thoroughly) grasp;

(thoroughly) hold; (strongly) conceive {C}
exerts; makes tense
rab tu bzod
bzod
bzod bzod bzod {MSA}(pra m): pramarayat
thoroughly patient/forbearant/enduring/tolerant
rab tu rang very suitable{LG 30.5}

rab tu rig pa {MSA}pravedan
rab ston
bstan ston
bstand stond {MSA}prakana (thoroughly)

teach; (thoroughly) indicate
rab mthai bsam gtan final

concentration
rab dag {MSA}uddha; {MSA}suviuddha

(thoroughly) pure; very pure; (thoroughly)
purified
rab dang {MSA}prasanna (thoroughly)
(thoroughly) know; (thoroughly) aware
rab tu rig par byed pa {L}
pure; very pure; (thoroughly) purified
prajpana (thoroughly) know; (thoroughly)

aware
parijna; {MSA,MV}prajna; {MSA}pravedan;

{MV}praj-; {MV}prajnti (thoroughly) know;
(thoroughly) cognize; highest consciousness
{C}exercise of wisdom; wisely knowing
751
rab dang bai shugs {MSA}
prasda-vega very pure force; very pure power;
implicitly thoroughly pure
rab dang sems dang
Children of manifold fields
ldan pa {MSA}gha-prasanna-citta having

(thoroughly) pure mind; having very pure mind;
having (thoroughly) purified mind
rab das nas {C}atikramya
(=ullaghya) having (thoroughly) passed

beyond; having (thoroughly) gone beyond {C}
more than; overpowering; after rising above; having
passed beyond (all bounds)
rab dul {MSA}(pra-vi n): pravinetum
(thoroughly) disciplined; (thoroughly) discipline;

(thoroughly) tame
rab sdug {MSA}susnigdha very dear;
rab bsdams {MSA}susavta
countless scholars
rab byams pa
{PH}countless;
manifold; infinite
rab byor subhti{S} Subhti [p.n. of
Buddhas personal attendent and one of his main

disciples]
rab bring tha high, middling, low

rab dmar {C}surakta very red {C}well
colored red
rab smin par byed pa {MSA}(sems
rab gnas
can tshogs) rab smin par byed pa = sattva-gaa

prapcayan (thoroughly) ripen; (thoroughly)
mature
rab tu gnas
pa {MSA}sastha (e.g.: adhytma-sastha);
pratih; {Das} supratih; {Das} prasthpana
abide; thoroughly abide; highest abode;
consecration
rab brtson {MSA}suyukta (thoroughly)

suitable; (thoroughly) endeavor; (thoroughly)
strive; exertion
rab gnod par gyur {MSA}
rab dzin
prabdhyate (e.g.: doai prabdhyate)

(thoroughly) harm; (thoroughly) damage
{PH}brilliantly
illuminated [things]
rab phrul dga {C}nirmarati
gzung dzin
bzung zungs {MSA}pradhraa (thoroughly)
apprehend; (thoroughly) grasp; (thoroughly)
conceive
rab rdzogs
rdzogs
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {MSA}prapri; {MV}

prapra; {MSA}supratva (e.g.: puya-jnasupratva) completion; thoroughly complete/
perfect/fulfill/terminate
(deva) Land of Liking Emanation
rab byed {LCh}prakaraa; {C}pravicaya

chapter {C}investigation; discernment
rab rdzogs pa

rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {C}prapraa; {C}
prapri thoroughly complete/perfect/fulfill/
terminate
rab dbye {MSA}prabhedana (thoroughly)

divide; (thoroughly) differentiate
rab dbye med nyid without
rab zhi {C}praama; {C}pranta
divisions
(thoroughly) pacify; (thoroughly) pacified;

(thorough) pacification {C}peace; calm
very high number; countless; manifold {PH}
{PH}
ripen; (thoroughly) mature
(thoroughly) restrained; (thoroughly) bound
rab byams {MSA}visara billions; a
rab byams mkhas pa
rab smin {MSA}prapcana (thoroughly)
very kind; very beloved
rab snang {BCA} praka
countless; manifold; infinite

rab byams zhing gi rgyal sras Conqueror
752
rab zhi ba {C}nta (thoroughly) pacify;

(thoroughly) pacified; (thorough) pacification
{C}calm; quiet(ed); calmly quiet
rab gzung
gzung
extensive; very wide
rab rib {L,MSA}timira dim-sightedness;

eye disease
rab rib can taimirika one with an eye
{C}cotton wool; a ball of cotton wool
disease
{GD:480}
with opthalmia
rab shes {C}prajnayati; {MSA}praviat

(thoroughly) cognize; (thoroughly) know; highest
consciousness {C}knows wisely
rab shes na {C}prajnamayna when

(thoroughly) accumulate; composite
rabs race; lineage; generation

ram and; or; particle indicating question
ral gri asi sword; dagger; sword(s)
ral grii so {BCA} sidhra {PH}edge
of a sword
{PH}[lions] crest hair;
matted hair
{PH}Mountainous Land of
Snows (Tibet)
ri rgyud
ri lta bui sems bskyed mindgeneration like mountain
ri dags {L}mga deer; beast

ri dags kyi nags {L}mga-dva
deer park
ri dags dzin gyi ma
gzung dzin bzung zungs Mgramata
ri dwags {LCh,C}mga; {C}eeya deer

ri dwags kyi gnas mgadva
{PH}
{PH}Deer Park
ri dwags kyi rigs phra mo
complete perfection of the thirty-seven branches

of awakening serves as his crest hair. {LVS} =
{C}kudra-mga-jti small types of deer {C}

smaller wild animals
1-02-00087-H96-SID000115
{PH}[King] Ralpajen
ri kha ba can
{C}beasts; black antelope
His
ral pa can
mountain; hill {PH}mountain {C}people(?)
of Penpo is located on the opposite side of the same

mountain range as the valley of Lhasa. {GCG}
rab bsags {MSA}sabhta
[lions] crest hair
ras bris painted cloth

ri {C}aila; {MSA}parvata; {C}kuumba
{PH}mountain range
That region
(thoroughly) cognizing; if one (thoroughly)

knows {C}when he wisely knows
ral pa can {LV} vijaann
ral pai tshogs [hair-of-collection];
ral ba {L}vipanna lost

ras cotton
ras bcos bu zung {PH}cotton cloth
ras cha fabrics; cotton goods
ras bal gyi dab ma {C}tla-picu
rab yangs pa {MSA}suvipula very
ral pa {LV} vijaa
{PH}crown of matted
hair; matted crown
mane; mass of hair
dzin bzung zungs {MSA}(grah): ghyt

thoroughly apprehend/grasp
rab rib bcas sataimiram
ral pai thod
753
ri dwags rgyar chud drar {C}
mga-vgura-iva {C}like a snare/trap/net for wild
beasts
ri dwags rgyu bai gnas
maala
mgadva {PH}Deer Park
ri dwags spags pa
{PH}antelope
skin An antelope
skin is drapped over [his] left shoulder.
ri dwags ai na yai byin

pa lta bu {C}eeya-jaghat {C}his shanks are
like those of an antelope
ri deu {PH}small hill

ri lding {PH}mountain slope
ri pin Japan
ri phug {PH}mountain cave
ri mo mkhan {MV} citrakara {PH}artist

ri moi dkhyil khor {PH}painted
ri moi las {C}citra-karma work of a

picture; painting
ri mor bgyi ba

bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {L}citra-karman make a
painting/picture
ri mor bgyis par gyur
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}arc(ay)ati

make a painting/picture {C}adore
ri mor bya ba {C}mnita make a

painting/picture {C}revered
ri mor byed {C}arc(ay)ati make a
ri phug nas rgya dpe rnams gdan
painting/picture {C}adore
ri yi sul {C}giri-kaara mountain ridge
drangs; We brought the Indian texts from the

mountain cave. {GCG} p. 18
{C}mountain cave
ri bo {MSA}parvata mountain
ri bo bigs byed {PH}Vindhya
ri rab meru; {C,MSA}sumeru; {MSA}
sumeruvat; {MSA}acalendra [mountain-highest];

Mount Sumeru; huge mountain
Mountain range
ri bo rtse lnga
ri rab ltar {MSA}sumeruvat like Mount
{PH}the Five-Peaked
Mountain (Wu-tai-shan)
da lta ngai dkhyil khor ri
bo rtse lngar dngos su yod pa yin; Right now,
[I] am actually in my maala on the Five-Peaked
Mountain (Wu-tai-shan). {W23693} Mkhas-grub-
Sumeru
ri rab dra {C}meru-kalpa like Mount

Sumeru {C}fashioned like Meru
ri sul {C}giri-kaara mountan ridge
rnam-thar-bsdus-pa; 4a.6
{C}mountain cave
ri bong rabbit
ri sul gyi phug {LV} giridarguh
{PH}mountan cave
ri bong can rabbit bearer; i.e., the moon

ri bong rwa horns of a rabbit; horn of a
bsam gtan dang; rnam par thar pa dang; ting
rabbit
ri brags pa
{PH}bandits
The hill-men will come to rob this
tomorrow. {Das}
ri mo {L,MSA}citra; {MSA}citra picture;

painting; bright; various
nge dzin dang; snyoms par jug pai ri sul gyi

phug na gnas pa He dwells in the mountain caves
of concentration, complete liberation, meditative
stabilization (samdhi), and meditative absorption.
{LVS} = 1-02-00087-H96-SID000119
rig {MSA}vitti; {MSA}thabs rig = upya-citta

to know{D1}; knowledge; awareness {PH}
754
knower; knowledge; awareness; thoughts
the three appearances, sounds, and
thoughts {YIA} thoughts
rig ngo lta ba
blta lta
bltas ltos view in the face of knowledge (i.e., the

state of meditative equipoise directly realizing
emptiness)
rig sngags {C}vidy knowledge;
knowledge; non-knower {C}unfindable; cannot

be known
rig pa ye shes intrinsically aware

pristine wisdom
rig pa gsum tri-vidy the three

knowledges [of a Foe Destroyer]
rig pai chos grwa chen po
knowledge mantra {C}lore; existence;

science(s); secret lore; magical formula
{PH}the
great Vidyadharma college [at Nalendra]
rig pai brtul zhugs {GST}
rig sngags che {C}mah-vidy great

knowledge {C}a great lore
vidyvrata {PH}proper religious observances
rig sngags chang vidy-dhara
knowledge mantra bearer; {T} knowledge bearer

{C}sorcerer
rig sngags chang ba {C}
vidy-dhara knowledge mantra bearer; {T}

knowledge bearer {C}sorcerer
rig pai gnas
rig gnas
{MSA}vidy-sthna topic of knowledge; science
five lesser sciences: ; five greater sciences: crafts;

medicine; grammar and etymology; logic and
reasoning; inner meaning?
rig pai gnas
rig gter Sa-gya Paitas Treasury of
lnga rnam par bzhag pa {MSA}paca-vidysthna-vyavasthna establish the five abodes of

knowledge
Reasonings
rig stong intrinsically aware emptiness

rig nas {C}viditv; {MSA}etya having
rig pai dbang knowledge initiation

rig par gnas {L}vidy-sthna abide
known; having understood
rig gnas sciences; fields of knowledge

rig pa savedana; {MSA}vid; {LCh,MSA,C}
in knowledge; established in knowledge; abodes

of knowledge
vidy; savid; {C}vija; {C}viditv knower;

intrinsic awareness; know; be aware; aware;
basic knowledge; knowledge; awareness {PH}
knower; knowledge; awareness; thoughts {C}
lore; existence; science(s); secret lore; magical
formula; discern(ing); have understood; convinced;
having known/seen/noticed blo rig
awareness and knowledge
rig pa can pa Naiyyika; Logicians

rig pa dang
ma rig pa di ni gnyis su med {MV}vidy cvidy

cdvayam etad this knowledge and ignorance
are non-dual {T}
rig pa med pa {C}avedaka non-
755
rig par bya {C}anugantavya; {MSA}vedya

(e.g.: pratytma-vedya); {MV}veditavya know;
one should know
rig par bya ba {C}vedayitavya; {MSA}

vedanya (e.g.: pratytma-vedanya) object of
knowledge; one should know; knows
rig par byao {C}avaboddhavya;
{C}pratikkati; {C}pratikkitavya; {MV}

veditavya you should know; you should be
aware; one should know {C}one should look
through to/understand; must see through; should be
understood; should understand; expects; desire; one
must expect; should expect; should be expected
rig par byed vedyate{C} make known;

know; be aware of
rig par med pa {C}avedaka non-
awareness; unaware; not know; non-knowledge

{C}unfindable; cannot be known
rig bya {C}vedya object of awareness;

known {C}accessible to experience
rig ma vdy knowledge woman

rig ma du bya ba gathering
rigs kyi bu mo {L}kula-duhit
bzung zungs {LCh}vidydhara KnowledgeBearer; knowledge bearing [a feat]
daughter of good family
rigs kyi sa {C}gotra-bhmi level of
the lineage; ground of lineage {C}the stage of

becoming (where one becomes) one of the lineage/
clan
vidhydhrapiaka Scriptural Division of the

Knowledge Bearers
rigs kyis khyab pa pervasion [of
rigs nyya; gotra reasoning; lineage
all sentient beings] by [the Buddha] lineage
rigs gro bai {C}gotra-jananam
{PH}type; kind; class; lineage; legacy; clan; family
rigs {L,MSA,MV}gotra; {LCh,MSA,C}kula;
{C}of those who belong to the clan
rigs ngan smyig ma mkhan
{LCh,C}jti; {C}jta; {MSA}(arh): arhati; {MSA}

dhtu; {MSA}dhtuka; {MSA}yukta-rpa; yukt;
vara type; kind; lineage; reasoning; feasible;
suitable; social stratum; class; caste {PH}type;
kind; class; lineage; legacy; clan; family {C}
family; clan; grows; has become; (there has been)
born; birth; species; different varieties
{GST} cala-veukra; {LCh} *cala-vaa[kt] {PH}founder of a lineage of the lowest of

outcastes
rigs nges gotra-niyata one who is
rigs kyi {L}jtya of the type; of the
definite in a lineage{Gn-chok}
rigs nges pa {MSA}dhtu-niyata; gotra-
lineage
niyata one who is definite in a lineage
rigs kyi skabs {MSA}gotrdhikra
rigs nges byang sems
the occasion of lineage {T}
rigs kyi khyad par {MSA}gotra-
{PH}
bodhisattva firm in their lineage
rigs ngoi lta ba view in the face of a
viea attribute/feature of [ones] type/kind;

qualification for [ones] lineage
nang na rgan pa la rim gro byed pa {C}

kulejyehpacyit (=kulajyehnuplit) {C}
honoring the elders of the family
family{S}
gzung dzin
rigs kyi stobs {MSA}gotra-bala
rigs kyi
rigs kyi bu kula-putra son of good
knowledge; unaware; non-awareness
force of the lineage {T}
gotra-bhmi type of lineage {C}the stage of

becoming (where one becomes) one of the lineage/
clan; level of the lineage
rig min {MSA}avedaka unknown; non-
rig dzin gyi sde snod
rigs kyi mthu {MSA}gotra-smarthya
rigs kyi rnam pa {C}gotra-jti; {C}
knowledge women
rig dzin
power of the lineage {T}
rational consciousness
rigs can {L}gotra; {MV}gotraka; having

a lineage; lineage; family; clan {GD:269}
756
rigs mthun tulya-jtya concordant
manifold instances (lit. typified)
rigs gcig pa eka-jti same type
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/
type
rigs mthun gyi bag
rigs so so ba ma yin pai chos/
chags tulya-jtya-vsan predispositions of

[perceptions of] similar type; predispositions of
concordant type
Definition: phenomena that are not distinct types

Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 ldog pa rigs gcig 2 rdzas rigs gcig
Divisions: (1) one isolate type; (2) one substantial
type
rigs mthun pa {C}taj-jtikam
concordant type {C}is of the same/like kind;

{GD:150} similar type
rigs mthun pai zla bcas kyi rdul phran
tshogs a collection of atoms of similar types
{GD:150}
rigs chen po {C}mah-kula great

family; great lineage; great type
rigs mchog {MSA}agra-gotra

supreme lineage; superior lineage
rigs mchog nyid {MSA}gotrgratva

superiority of the lineage; supremacy of the
lineage
rigs tha dad pa {MSA}gotra-bheda
rigs mthun par snang ngo
snang snang snang snang {MSA}tulyajtya khyti appearance as concordant types;

appear as concordant types
rigs mthun rdzas tha dad
tulya-jtya-dravya-nn different substantial

entities of concordant types{LG}
different lineage(s); different type(s); different

types; phenomena which are different types
rigs dang ldan pa {C}jtimat; {L}
rigs thig nyya-bindu-prakaraa
kaulika; {MSA}jtya having a lineage; lineaged;

having a family {C}of good birth; of (noble)
family; belonging to a family
Dharmakrtis Drop of Reasonings, P. 5711, vol.

130
rigs thig kyi phyogs rigs dra similar type{BJ 58.6}

snga mdor bsdus bsdu sdud
rigs ldan {MSA}jtya having a lineage;
bsdus sdus Brief Exposition of the Positions
of Opponents of [Dharmakrtis] Drop of
Reasoning [by Kamalala]
lineaged; having a family
rigs thig dar nyya-bindu-prakaraa

Dharmakrtis Drop of Reasonings, P. 5711, vol.
130
rigs thig dar ik Gyel-tsaps
rigs thigs
rigs bsdus pa
bsdu
sdud bsdus sdus condensed lineage
abide in a lineage
rigs gnas rigs {C}kulakula
nyya-bindu-prakaraa {PH}[Dharmakrtis]
Drop of Reasonings
lineage of abiding in a lineage {C}those who are

reborn in the families of men and gods, respectively
{PH}all types
Kalk Puarka
rigs gnas abide in a type

rigs gnas pa {MSA}gotra-stha
Commentary on [Dharmakrtis] Drop of

Reasonings
rigs mtha dag
rigs ldan pad ma dkar po
757
rigs pa {LCh,L}nyya; {L,MSA,MV}yukti;
{MSA,MV}yukta; {C}pratirpa; {MSA}arha; {MSA}
prama reasoning; logic; proper; suitable;
suitability {C}method; standard; rule; that type
of reasoning which employs logical principles and
analysis; fitting; seemly
rigs pa can naiyyika Logician

rigs pa rjes su brangs pa
prasiddha(ka) renowned by reasoning
rigs pai grangs enumeration of

the reasonings{BJ 71.4}
rigs pai grub byed

reasoned proof{s}{BJ 8.2}
*nyynusrin followers of reasoning
rigs pa ltar snang
rigs pai grags pa {MV}yukti-
rigs pai dgag bya {N}nyya-
pratiedhya object of negation by reasoning{BJ

65.1}
snang snang snang snang {N}nyybhsa

pseudo/quasi/counterfeit reasoning
rigs pa dang ldan par {C}yukti- rigs pai sgo du ma approaches of

reasoning
sahita suitably; properly {C}adroitly
rigs pai sgo du ma nas
rigs pa dang mi gal ba
through many doors of reasoning
{MSA}pramvirodha not contradictory with

reasoning
rigs pa drug cu pa yuktiak
*nyya-anusrin Followers of Reasoning
Ngrjunas Sixty Stanzas of Reasoning, P. 5225,

vol. 95
rigs pa drug cu pai
rigs pai
cu pai tshig leur byas pa yuktiak-krik

Ngrjunas Sixty Stanzas of Reasoning, P. 5225,
vol. 95
{PH}brief
reasonings
rigs pa ldan tshig smra {C}girayukta-bhin {C}he speaks suitably
rigs pa ma yin {MSA}na yukta not

suitable; unsuitable; improper; non-reasoning
rigs pa yang dag samyak-nyya
thigs pa zhes bya bai rab tu byed pa nyya-binduprakaraa Dharmakrtis Drop of Reasonings,
P. 5711, vol. 130
rigs pai don la mkhas pa

{MV}yuktrtha-paita wise with respect to the
meaning/object of reasoning
rigs pai dbang phyug Lord of

Reasoning; Dharmakrti (chos grags)
rigs pai mtshan nyid {MV}

yukti-lakaa character of reasoning
rigs par bshad pai chos
{MSA}yukti-vihita ... dharma suitably explained

doctrine/phenomenon
rigs pas khegs refuted by
correct reasoning
reasoning{N}
yuktim ritya in dependence upon reasoning
*nyynusrin Following Reasoning
pa followers of reasoning
rigs pa drug
rigs pa la brten nas {MSA}
rigs pai rjes brangs
rigs pai rjes su brangs
grel pa bkral grel

bkrald greld yuktiak-vtti Commentary on
(Ngrjunas) Sixty Stanzas of Reasoning [by
Candrakrti (zla ba grags pa); P 5265, vol. 98]
rigs pa mdor bsdus
rigs pai rje su brang pa
758
rigs pas grub pai rdzas
sel bsald seld definition which eliminates

discordant types
yod substantial existent in the sense of being

established by reasoning
rigs pas nges par rtogs
rigs mi dra bai chos

phenomena which are dissimilar types

{MSA}yukti-nidhyna definitely realized through
reasoning
rigs pas gnod pa damaged by

reasoning{N}
rigs pas rnam dpyad
bsam pa can {MSA}yukti-vicraaya having a

thought that is analyzed by reasoning
rigs pas dpyad mi bzod pa
unable to bear/withstand analysis by reasoning
rigs min gyis irrationally

rigs med {MSA}agotra non-lineage;
without a lineage
rigs med pa la gnas pa

{MSA}agotra-stha abiding in no lineage
rigs dma ba {C}nca-kula
{C}low-
class family
rigs tshogs Collections of

Reasoning{N}
rigs pas dpyad bzod pa able rigs tshogs drug Ngrjunas Six
Collections of Reasonings
to bear/withstsand analysis by reasoning
rigs pas phul gyis
dbye ba/ 1 rin chen phreng ba/ 2 rtsod bzlog
Divisions:
sgrub pai don meaning established through the

pressure of reasoning
type-generality {GD:176} type-universal

Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang gi rigs can du ma la
rjes su gro bai chos/ Def.: a phenomenon that is
concomitant with many [phenomena] having its
type
3 stong nyid bdun cu pa/ 4 rigs pa drug cu pa/ 5

zhib mo rnam thag 6/ rtsa ba shes rab/ Divisions:
(1) Precious Garland (ratnval); Refutation of
Objections (vigraha-vyvarta); Seventy Stanzas
on Emptiness (nyat-saptati); Sixty Stanzas
on Reasoning (yuktiaik); The Finely Woven
(vaidalya-stra); Treatise on the Middle Way
(prajml
phenomena which are not the same type
lineage
rigs spyi jti-smnya type generality;
rigs bya {MSA}yukta object of reasoning; rigs rdzogs pa complete type

to be reasoned {T}
rigs yang dag par grub
pa grub grub
rigs byed pa mmsaka Mmsaka
grubs/grub grubs {MV}gotra-samudgama
rigs mi gcig pai chos
correctly established; correctly established in a
rigs mi mthun non-concordant type;

discordant type
rigs mi mthun pai chos

phenomena which are discordant types
bsal
jananam {C}of those who belong to the lineage
rigs yod pa can
{PH}[that] which
has a type
rigs mi mthun sel

bai mtshan nyid
rigs yin gro bai {C}gotra-
rigs la gnas {MSA}gotra-stha abide

in a lineage; abiding in the type
759
rigs la gnas pa {MSA,MV}gotra-
ring
yukta-samnat-pada suitable and concordant

words
ring du dor [far-ly-abandon]; abandon
du rjes su zhugs pai ye shes kyi spyod yul nyid

drnupravia-jna-gocaratva objects of
activity of the exalted wisdom which abides for a
long time {T}
stha abide in a lineage; abiding in the type
rigs lam path of reasoning

rigs lam pa Challenger
rigs shing mthun tshig {MSA}
afar; forsake afar; leave far behind
consciousness; reasoning consciousness
ring du spyad pa
dpyad bzod du grub pa established as able

to bear/withstand analysis by a reasoning
consciousness
ring du byed {C}dri-karoti do for a
not found by a reasoning consciousness{N}
ring du byed pa {C}dri-karoti do
rigs shes *yuktijna rational
spyad
spyod spyad spyod {C}cira-carita practice for

a long time {C}has for long coursed in; has
traversed for a long time
rigs shes kyis
long time; move away from {C}get away from;

keep aloof from; keep far away from; remain far
from
rigs shes kyis ma rnyed pa

rigs shes kyis med
for a long time; move away from {C}get away

from; keep aloof from; keep far away from; remain
far from
par rnyed pa found to be non-existent by a

rigs shes rjes dpag inferential ring du song ba
song
song song song {LCh,L,MSA}dra-gam; {MSA}
dra-g; {MSA}dra gat; dragama gone
afar; Gone Afar (seventh bodhisattva ground)
ring {C,MSA}drgha; {C,MSA}dra; {MSA}
vidra; {C}vidri; {C}yata; {C}pthu long;

length; distant {C}many; all; very much; broad;
vast; large; far distant; extensive; extend far; far;
distance
ring nas [long-from]; from long ago; long

ago; from a distant area
ring nas theg chen zhugs
ring gyur
gyur
gyurd gyur gyurd {C}vidri long; length;
distant {C}far distant
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C}cira-
yna-prasthita abiding in the great vehicle from

long ago {C}set out for a long time in the vehicle
ring cha {PH}long part; long vowel

ring tu song ba song
song song song dragama Gone-Afar
ring du {L}dra long; afar; length; distant;

far distance; far distant
ring du gyur ba dri-bhavati; {L}drasthita long; length; distant; far distance; far
distant; gets away from; become distant; remain
distant
760
ring po long; far

ring po mi thogs {C}cirea after a
long time {C}slowly; an excessively long time
[e.g.: na cirea, before long]
ring po mi thogs par {C}cirea

(=ati-drgha-klena) after a long time {C}
slowly; an excessively long time [e.g.: na cirea,
before long]
ring por mi thogs {C}cirea after
a long time {C}slowly; an excessively long time
[e.g.: na cirea, before long]
ring ba {C}yata; {C,MSA}dra; {C}dratva;
{C}drgha long; length; distant {C}extensive;

extend far; far; far distant; distance; length; distance
gnas byung byung byung

byung {MSA}dharma-ratnkara source of the
precious doctrine {T}
rin chen tog {C} ratnaketu
{PH}
Ratnaketu
ring ba ma yin nyid {C}avidrat rin chen tog {PH}Ratnaketu

non-distance; non-distant
rin chen mtha {C}ratna-koi {C}
ring bai rgyu {PH}distant cause
jewel-cusp
ring bar {C}cira distantly; lengthy; long rin chen bdun las byas
{C}for so long; for a long time
{C}sapta-ratna-maya made/built from seven

precious substances
ring mo {MSA}cira long; length; distant;

far
ring mo zhig tu {MSA}ciram; {MSA}
rin chen dod pa {C}ratana-arthiko

{C}desirous of jewels
cira-klam for a long time; long; length; distant;

far
rin chen sna lnga
{PH}five various
precious things
ring mo zhig na ngan song rin chen phyag rgya {C}ratna-mudro

du gro {MSA}cird apya-gamanam go to bad
transmigrations for a long time
jewel-seal; precious seal
rin chen phreng ba ratnval
ring mo zhig lon pa smras
Ngrjunas Precious Garland
nas {MSA}cira-bhita having spoken for a

long time
ring zhig {PH}slowly; a while; a short time

ring zhig tu {MSA}ciram; {MSA}ciraklam {PH}for a long time
ring bsrel mang {PH}many relics

rin che ba {C}mah-arghatva precious;
rin chen byung ldan
ratnasambhva{D1} Ratnasambhva [p.n. of a

Buddha]
rin chen byung gnas jewelmine
jewel {C}of great value
rin chen rigs ldan {MSA}ratna
big]; precious (substance); jewel {PH}precious;

jewel; monetary offering {C}precious jewel; gem
rin thang arghya price; costly; priceless;
rin chen {C}ratana; {C,MSA}ratna [value-
... jtya having a precious lineage; having the

jewel-lineage
valuable
rin chen bka ste {C}ratna-bharitam rin thang chung {C}alpa-arghya

precious teaching {C}filled with precious
rin thang chung ngur {C}samargham
things
rin chen gyi gling {C}ratna-dvpa
{C}cheaply
rin thang med pa {C}anarghya; {C}
{C}treasure island
rin chen chos kyi byung

of
little value; {C}inferior value
anargha-prpta; {MSA}anargha {C}priceless
761
rin thang med pa rnyed
phreng bai rgya cher bshad pa ratnval-k

Commentary on (Ngrjunas) Precious
Garland, by Ajitamitra (mi pham bshes gnyen),
P. 5659, vol. 129
gyur {C}anargha-prpta obtain that which is

priceless ? {T} {C}priceless
rin po che {LCh,L,MSA}ratna [value-big]; rin po chei byung gnas

precious; jewel; precious substance
rin po che tog {C}ratnaketu
{C}
Ratnaketu [p.n. of a Bodhisattva in the Buddha-land
of Buddha Akobhya]
rin po che lta bu {MSA}ratna-bhta
byung byung byung byung {C,MSA}
ratnkara {C}source of wealth; jewel-mine
rin po
chei byung gnas lta bui sems bskyed mindgeneration like jewel-mine
rin po chei mdzod {C}ratna-gaja
jewel-like
rin po che thams cad
storehouse of jewels/precious substances {C}

store of treasure
la sgyur pa bsgyur sgyur

bsgyurd sgyurd {C}sarva-ratna-maya {C}
consisting of all precious things
rin po
chei mdzod mang po bsags pa dang ldan pa {C}

bahu-ratna-koa-sanicayo having many vast
storehouses of jewels/precious substances {C}
one who has a vast store of treasures
rin po che don du gnyer ba

{C}ratna-arthika seeking for precious things/
jewels {C}one who desires jewels
rin po che bdun rin po chei rigs {MSA}ratna-gotra

gyi rang bzhin las grub pa
grub grub grubs/grub grubs {C}saptaratna-maya {C}made/built of the seven precious
things
rin po che sna lnga
precious lineage; jewel-lineage
rin po chei rigs

chen po dang dra ba {MSA}mah-ratnagotraupamya similar to the great precious
lineage
{PH}various five
precious substances
rin po che sna bdun {MSA}saptaratna seven precious substances
rin po chei tog {C}ratnaketu
{C}
Ratnaketu [p.n. of a Bodhisattva in the Buddha-land
of Buddha Akobhya]
rin po chei du shes {MSA}

ratna-saj conception of jewels
rin po chei gnas nyid {MSA}

ratnrayatva precious abode {T}
rin po chei phung po {C}ratna-ri
aggregation of jewels/precious substances {C}

heap of treasure
rin po chei
762
rim {MSA}krama gradually; stage; series

rim gyis {C}kramea; {C}anuprva; {C}
anuprve; {C}anuprvea [series-by]; serial;

in series; gradually; in stages; by stages {C}
tapering; regularly; in due time; after some time; by
and by [e.g.: anu prvea = to the East?]
rim gyis sgom pa serial meditation

rim gyis pa Gradualist{Gn-chok}
rim gyis phel ba {MSA}
kramebhivardhamnam (abhi vdh) gradually

grow; grow in stages
rim gyis dma ba lags pa
{C}anuprva-nimna; {C}nimna {C}gradually

slopes away; slopes away
rim gro {C}paricraka; {MSA}paricary;
have no cure. {AGP-T}
{C}vaiyvtti (=vaiyvtya); {C}pj {C}help;

service; act of worship
rim gro byed {C}prayujyayeyu
of the mountain; mountain-king
{C}busy
oneself about
{C}serving upon
rim gro las {C}vaiyvtti (=vaiyvtya)

{C}service
rim gror {C}upasthyaka (=upasthpaka)
ril po solid{BJ 63.5}

ril po gcig tu as one solid whole{BJ
63.5}
ril por dzin pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {C}pia-grha

apprehend [something] as solid; apprehension
of amorphous wholes {C}seizing on a material
object
{C}attendant; who attend upon
rim gror bya ba {C}samnan; {C}

bhajan; {C}upasthyaka {C}respect; to resort
to; attendent
ris {L,MSA}gotra; {MSA}nikya lineage; type;
rim gror byas pa {C}upasthna
king; clan; family
ris chad kyi snang ba restricted
{C}service; serve upon; attendance; attend to their

needs
rim pa {LCh,MSA}krama; {C}anukrama
appearances
ris chad; ris su chad pa
stage; order; series; succession {C}gradual

action; going after
chad chad chad chad vicchinna
rim pa lnga pa paca-krama
separate
Ngrjunas The Five Stages, P. 2667, vol. 61

{PH}section
ris yin {PH}section

ris g.yas su khyil bai
dung {PH}clockwise spiraling conch shell
Moreover, [it says] in the thirty-second section of

the Dkrava Yogin [Tantra], ... {AGP-T} comm.
to vs.7
rim par tsham well-proportioned

rim par yin par {C}-krama
ris su nges pa {MSA}gotra-niyata

definite in a lineage
ris su bcad cing {C}bhga-ccheda

cutting off [ones] lineage {C}the cutting off of
his share
ris su chad pa restricted

ru accusative, adverbial accusative, dative,
gradually; in stages {C}progressive steps; feet
rim bzhin respective; respectively{BJ

58.6} {PH}in stages; in sequence
rim bzhin du {MSA}anuprvaas

respectively
rims {PU} jvar; {NOC} jvara
{PH}disease

Diseases [means] those that kill in one day, etc. and
rii phug {C}giri-guh mountain cave
{T} {PH}mountain cave {C}mountain cleft
rim gro byed pa {C}paricryame
rim par phye ba
rii rgyal po {MSA}parvata-rjan king
763
and locative particle: to; in; as; -ly; at {PH}

[accusative, adverbial accusative, dative, and
locative particle]; section; division; part; horn
su ru ra dang du tu
na / la don rnam pa drug yin te su, ru, ra, du, tu,
and na are the six particles with the meaning of la
[i.e., accusative, adverbial accusative, dative, and
locative particles] {Y}
clan; assumption of a clan
ru tra {PH}Rudra
rung {C}yujyate; {MSA}yogyat; {MSA}thabs
rus pa {C}asthi; gotra bone; lineage;

family
rus pai khrul khor
su rung = upya ... yukta suitable {C}applies

oneself; it is tenable (to say); logical to equate; be
engaged in; to practice
rus bu {ntideva 10.10} asthi; {C}gotra; {C}
rung mthun concordant suitability

rung ba {LCh,MSA}yogya; {MSA}yogyat;
jti; {MSA}keng rus = sakalik {PH}bone

sha rus la sogs pa dang
bral bas since it lacks flesh, bones, and so forth
{TGP 56}
{N}yuktatva; {N}yujyate; {L}nyata; {MSA}

anucchavika; {MSA}dngos po rung ba = kalpikavastu suitable; fit; possible certainly; fixed
(on); definitely fixed/established; destined for;
certainty; {GD:88} fitness
rus sbal {C}krma tortoise; turtle;

tortise
rus sbal zhabs tortoise-feet

rus smos pa {C}gotra-grahaam
rung ba nyid {MSA}yogyat suitability

rung bar gyur
desire for a lineage/family {C}taking on a clan;

assumption of a clan
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {MSA}snod du rung bar

gyur = bhjan bhavati suitable
rus gzeb {PH}skeleton

re {C}svda; {C}kkate each; every; single;
rung bar bya ba make suitable

rung bya {MSA}yogya suitable object
rung ma yin na yujyate unsuitable; not
hope {PH}some; respectively {C}enjoyment;

relishing; aspires for
The drops of semen and blood come
forth, respectively, from both the mother and father.
{YJD}
suitable
rung tshon
{PH}suitable color

me tog phreng rgyud du;
ngur smrig btsag dang sngon po zhes rung tshon

gsum gsungs pai btsag mdog de yin rgyur dug;
That would seem to be the red ochre hue that is
spoken of [as one of] three suitable colors saffron,
red ochre, and blue in the Flower Garland Tantra.
{GCC} p.14
re ba {C}pratikkati; {MSA}asana;
{MSA}ratha (e.g.: mano-ratha) hope {C}
expects; desire
re ba med pa {MSA}nirapeka; {MSA}

nipratikka hopeless; no hope
re ba med pai sbyin pa {MSA}

dna nipratikkasya giving without hope
rum darkness; rum {PH}gestational heat

rus asthi; {C}gotra; {C}jti; {MSA}keng rus =
re ba med sems {C}nipratikkacitto hopeless mind {C}his mind free from

hesitation
sakalik bone; lineage; family {PH}lineage;

family {C}lineage; birth; species; kind; different
varieties
rus nas smos pa {C}gotra-grahaam

desire for a lineage/family {C}taking on a
{PH}
pelvic girdle
764
re bar byao {C}pratikkitavya you

should hope; one should hope {C}one must
expect; should be expected; should expect
re zhig respectively; tentatively;
temporarily; shortly; first of all {PH}
temporarily; for some time; initially
de dag re zhig ma skyes ba yin They
are temporarily not generated.
zungs sense direct perceiver which apprehends

a tangible object
reg byai skye mched
spraavyyatana tangible-object sphere;

tangible object sense-sphere
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ lus shes
kyi reg bya/ Definition: object felt by a body
consciousness
re zhig na shortly thereafter ...

re zhig yod pa tentatively exist
re re {C}ekaika; {C}ekaikena each; one by
one; one at a time; every {PH}each {C}each

one; a single one; one single; each single; each
singly; each one singly by himself; one by one
rengs pa {C}stambhitatva
{C}be stiff with
fright
re re skabs with reference to each (of the

...){BJ 24.6}
re re nas each and every{BJ 13.5};
red is
red mda ba
{GD:310} Ren-da-wa [p.n.

of a Sa-gya lama who was one of Dzong-ka-bas
teachers] (1348/9-1412 ce.)
res ga {MSA}ekad; {MSA}kad cid;
individually{BJ 13.6}
re re las {C}ekaika each and every;
kadcit occasonal; sometimes; occasionally
res ga bai rtag pa
individually{BJ 13.6}
reg {C,MSA}spa; {MSA}saspara; {MSA}
occasional permanent phenomenon; permanent

phenomenon which is occasional
(sp): spati contact; touch; tangible {C}

touched (by); in contact with
res jog [occasionally-put]; alternately

ro {LCh,MSA}rasa (1) taste; flavor; (2) corpse;
reg dod {C}sph janeti desire for

contact {C}generate longing for
reg pa {LCh,L,MV}spara; {C}spa
residue; body; (3) particle indicating the end

of a statement; (4) right {PH}quality; corpse;
residue; [terminating particle]
contact; touch; touching {C}touched (by); in

contact with
reg pa dang khyud pa touching
ro rkyang dbu ma gsum the
three right, left, and central channels{TGP 79}
and embracing
reg pai zas sparhra contact food;

food of contact
ro brgya ldan pai {C}ata-rasa
of one hundred tastes {C}the most excellent

(food); superior and excellent
reg bya {LCh,C}spraavya tangible object; ro brgya pa {C}ata-rasa of one hundred

object of touch {C}touchable; touch
tastes {C}the most excellent (food); superior and

excellent
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 byung bar gyur pai reg bya/ 2
byung gyur gyi reg bya/ Divisions: (1) tangible
object which is an element; (2) tangible object
arisen from elements
ro gcig {L}eka-rasa; {C}eka-naya of one

taste {C}(the) one single principle
ro gcig pa {L,MSA}eka-rasa; {C}eka-
reg bya dzin pai dbang

mngon
gzung dzin bzung
rasatva of one taste {C}one and the same taste
765
ro gcig pa nyid pa {C}eka-rasat
roi skye mched rasyatana taste
of just one taste {C}has but one single taste
ro mnyam equal taste; equality

ro stod {C}prva-kya upper body
sense-sphere
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ lce shes kyi myong bya/
Definition: object experienced by a tongue
consciousness
{C}
trunk
ro bro bai mchog go {C}rasa-
rasa-jat {C}he possesses a most excellent taste
ro myang ba {MSA}svdana; {MSA,MV}
enjoy; taste
rol mo {PU} naka {PH}actor; dancer

rol mo {Negi} trya {PH}musical
svdan experiencing taste; experience (a)

taste
ro myang med {MSA}ansvda not
instrument
rol mo {Negi} gndharva {PH}Gandharva

rlangs pa {PH}Vapa (p.n. monk &
experience (a) taste
ro myangs pa {MSA}svdita
experience (a) taste
ro myangs pa ma yin pa {MSA}
disciple of the Buddha)
rlan wet
rlan zhing gsher ba wet and
ansvdita not experience (a) taste
ro myong ba byas {C}svdayati

experience (a) taste {C}taste; relish
moistening
ro myong bar byed pa {MSA}
rlan gsher liquid
ro myong bar mi byed pa {MSA}

ansvdana not experience (a) taste
ro myong mi byed {C}ansvda not

experience (a) taste {C}absence of relishing
ro myong myang ba byas {C}
ro tsa ba virilification; the restoration of
rlabs po che mah-vici; {C}udra
great waves {C}sublime; exalted; an uncommon

degree of
rlabs phreng {PH}successive waves

rlung {LCh,MSA}vyu; {LCh}pra; {LCh}
normal sexual functions (also refers to restoring

or enhancing sexual performance and pleasure,
mainly used for the male)
vta; {C}samraa wind; wind (element - vyu);

wind (vital energy - pra) {PH}wind; wind
{C}air rlung mkhris
bad kan dus pai nad chen the great diseases of
the assembly of wind, bile, and phlegm {GZ 69a.3}
yang zhing g.yo ba/ light and moving
{PH}
restoring virility
ro dzin dbang mngon

perceiver apprehending taste
{PH}assistance
rlabs {L}vici wave; billow ripple

rlabs ldan endowed with waves (the
ocean)
svdayati experience (a) taste {C}taste; relish
rogs
rlan gsher phor gang la thun mong

du ltas pai tshe when [gods and men] view in
common a bown filled with liquid{DASI 562.3}
svdana; {MSA}svdan experience (a) taste
ro tsa bar bya ba vjkaraa
rol sport; side

rol pa {LCh}ll; lalita; lla play; sport
766
as truly existent khas len
par rlom pai phyir because of claiming to assert
phan par rlom nas byas pa
done upon boasting to help
rlung gi khams {C}vyu-dhtu wind

constituent {C}wind-element
rlung gi khor lo {C}anila-cakra
rlom pa
brlom/
rlom/ rloms/ rloms/ {C}mna (=adhimna);
{C}manana; {C}manan (=manyat); {MSA}
(man): manyate conceit; presumption; claim;
be conceited; be proud of; exaggerate; boast;
vanity; pride {C}mental attitude; conceitedness;
minding
{C}wind-wheel
rlung gi rnal byor wind yoga

rlung rgyu ba {PH}moving wind
rlung dang bcas pai chu
{MSA}ap ... vyu-sahita wind together with
water
rlung ni rang bzhin
gyis g.yo bai phyir {MSA}vyo prakty calatvt

because wind is naturally moving
rlung dbu mar
{GD:244} to conceive [of

something]; {GD:254} conceptual point of view;
{GD:580} imagine
rlung lba wind goiter

rlung tshub {PH}whirlwind; violent
rlom sems {C}abhimanyati; {C}
manan; {C}manana; (man): {C}manyate

(=samanupayati); {C}manyan; {C}manyanu; {C}
manyamnat mental conceit; conceited mind
{C}feel conceited; feel superior to; mental attitude;
thinks; fancies (himself for); thinks of; minds about;
thinks about; thinks with regard to; minds; puts
his mind to; sets above; cares about; conceit; vain
conceit; minding; conceitedness; self-conscio
storm
rlung lus {PH}wind-body

rlubs {PH}pit; abyss; ditch
rlog brlag rlog
brlags/ rlogs/ destroy; demolish; lose; crush;

grind; harm
rlom sems kyi ltung bai

gnas {C}manan-patti-sthna abide in the
infraction of conceited mind {C}offence of
conceitedness
brlag rlog

grind; harm
rlom sems dang brnyas pa
rlon {PH}moist; fresh

rlon pa wet
rlom brlom/rlom
{C}atimananat conceited mind and defeat

{C}contemptuousness
rlom rloms rloms {C,MSA}(man): manyate be

conceited; be proud of; exaggerate; claim; boast;
vanity; conceit; pride; presumption {C}mental
attitude; conceitedness; minding
bden par mngon par rlom pa med pai
phyir because of not exaggerating [phenomena]
{GD:244} conceived subject [as opposed to real

subject (song tshod)]
rlom tshod la
zhugs gnas thim gsum the winds entering,

abiding, and dissolving in the central
channels{TGP}
rlogs
rlom med pa nonconceit

rlom tshod kyi chos can
767
rlom sems
dang brnyas pai sems bskyed pa

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C}mna-cittotpda
{C}production of a proud thought
rlom sems med pa {C}amananat
non-conceited mind {C}to be devoid of mental
la {C}prati (1) [accusative, adverbial
acts
rlom sems su gyur pa {C}
accusative, dative, and locative particle:] to; as;

-ly; in; at; conjunction: and; but; (2) mountain
pass {C}as being; with regard to
manyita that is (a) conceited mind {C}

imagining
rlom sems su byas {C}manye
la gor {C}laghu
make a conceited mind; conceited {C}put his

mind to
zla grags candrakrti
{PH}Candrakrti
slob dpon zla grags
di ni skye ba dran pas ... Because this Candrakrti
remembered [his past] lives, ... {GCG} p.21
rlom sems su byed {C}
avamanyate; {C}manyate; {C}atimanyate be

conceited; proud {C}despise; feel conceited;
feel superior to; looks down upon
la ju bar {C}adhylambate
rlom sems su byed
{C}
uphold; look for support in; catch hold of; hangs on
to; seek (for) rebirth in/on; base rebirth in/on
brnyas par byed {C}atimanyate be conceited;

proud {C}looks down upon
la brten nas in dependence upon ...

la gnas abide in
la gnas nas {C}pratihya having
rlom sems su mi gyur ba

{C}amanyanat non-conceited mind {C}no
conceit
abided in {C}based on
rlom sems su mi bya ba {C}
amanat; {C}nairmayat (=asastpanat)

non-conceited mind {C}no conceit; does not put
his mind to conceit; absence of conceit
rloms
brlom/
zla ba yar ngo {LCh} ukla-paka
{PH}crescent moon
{PH}fullness of
youth; mature adolescent
sama-ru-bhutva {C}his arms are level with his

thighs
la zlo ba [non-conceptual] immersion;
brlag rlog
total immersion
la bzla ba conclusiveness
la ur quickly
la la some; several
la sogs pa sogs {MSA}di;

grind; harm
brlag nas {C}naa {C}lost

brlags brlag rlog
grind; harm
candra {PH}digit of the waxing moon
zla bai lang tsho

zla bai lang tsho
brla drang por bzhag ste {C}
brlang pa {MSA}parua rough

brlan wet; damp [quality of water]
la phug the leaves of a big white radish

zla ba yar gyi ngo {MSA} paka-nava{PH}digit of the waxing moon
rlom/ rloms/ rloms/ be conceited; be proud of;

exaggerate; claim; boast; vanity; conceit; pride;
presumption
brlag
{C}nimbly; swiftly; like a
cloud(?)
{C}rabhya; {C}pramukha; {MSA}prabhti etc.;

and so forth {C}with; (from the) beginning;
begin; take hold of; about; concerning; with
reference to; regarding; starting from; having turned
768
his mind to; stimulated by; initially founded on; if I
take into consideration; following on; headed (by);
at the head of; be
lwa ba pa {PH}Kambalapda
lag {Das} hasta {PH}Hasta [Indian
stra The Descent into Lak Stra, P. 775, vol.

29
lang kar gshegs pai mdo
constellation]
lag ngar forearm{VM}

lag cha {C}prahra tool(s)
lakvatra-stra The Descent into Lak

Stra, P. 775, vol. 29
lang gi rjes {L}go-pada cows
{C}blow;
belaboring with
lag rje lug rje
footprint
lang tsho {LCh}yauvana; {MSA}yuvan
{PH}exchanging
[This] resembles a sale by

merchandise
those who exchange merchandise, and it is not love.

{A4C-C}
lag rjes imprint

lag thob pa
thob/thob thob thob thobs {C}hasta-prpta

{C}taken in hand by
lag mthil
the palm of the hand
lag na rdo rje {C}Vajra-pi Vajrapi

[p.n. of a Tantric deity] {T} {C}vajra-bearer
lag pa {LCh}pi hand; arm; arms

lag pa gnyis {C}ubhi-pi both
hands; both arms {C}each hand; both hands
lag pa g.yas pa {C}dakia-hasta

{C}right hand
lag pa g.yon pa {C}vma-hasta

{C}left hand
the palm of the hand
lag mthil/
lags [polite affix to names and titles; term

of address or reference]; be; is
Tracy Howard, Thuu-bkwan, Amdo Garden Poem
lang tsho {LCh}yauvana youth

langs {C}utthita; {C}vyusthito (=vyutthita)
langs te {C}utthya {C}rose
langs nas {C}utthita {C}emerged; got
up
langs pa {C}abhyupaiti
(=abhyupagacchati); {MSA}vyutthita {C}come

to; incur
lan {C,MV}parihra; {MSA}ktvas; {MSA}
pratikra; {MV.v.22}dei lan = tat ... pariharati

answer; repayment; reply; times; time {PH}
time; times {C}one refutes; solution; once;
retaliate
lan mngon par mi dod pa

{MSA}pratikrnabhinandana not wish to
directly answer
lan cig {MSA}sakt one time

lan cig ma yin {MSA}asakt not
just once
lags na rin po che *ratna-pi
lan cig ma yin pa asakt not just
{PH}Ratnapi
youth {PH}youth; full bloom

dbyar dus kyi lang tsho dang sbyar te ...
In connection with the full bloom of summer, ...
{C}emerged; got up
lag pai mthil/
lag pai mthil
lang go cow
lang kar gshegs pa lakvatra-
once
769
lan ldon zhing smra ba {C}
lan gcig {PH}once

lan gcig phyir {PH}Once-returner
lan gcig phyir mi ldog pa
prativaco (+dadmi) {C}answer back
because of answering; in order to answer
{PH}Once-returner
lan gcig phyir ong sakgamin

Once Returner
lan tu ston pas

thogs {L}parihra; {MSA}pratikra refute;
solution; avoid; repel; exclude
lan du phan dogs yin

thogs {MSA}pratyupakrin refute; solution;
avoid; repel; exclude
lan gdab pa {C}visarjayati; {C}
vykaraa give an answer; answers given {C}

replies; get rid of; answer; prediction
gdab
lan gsum {PH}three times

lan gsum du blas te {C}triparivarta {C}with its three revolutions
lam {LCh,C,MSA,MV}mrga; {LCh,C,MSA}
debs btab thobs {MSA}pariharaa; parihra

give an answer; answers given
gdab debs btab thobs {C}visarjan; {C}

visarjayati; {C}apa-nud answer; give an answer;
answer given {C}answer; replies; get rid of; able
to solve
apratyupakrin {C}one in need of a benefactor
or twice
{PH}merely once or twice
pratikrea ... arth bhavati seek an answer
lan ldon mi nus pa {C}
lan mang po many times

lan tsha salt
lan tsha ba salty{D1}
lan tshwa ba lavaa salty
lan mdzad give an answer{BJ 34.7}
lan re {PH}one time; once
lan re re {PH}one time; once
lan re re gnyis gnyis {PH}once
lan re re gnyis gnyis tsam
lan don du gnyer ba {MSA}
lan debs pa
lan mang du {MSA} bahul; {ntideva}

ldan pa {MSA}bahul-krnugata do many
times; perform many times
lan btab po {PH}answers given

lan du phan dogs pa
lan debs
contradict; oppose
lan mang du byed pa dang
The compiler of the answers

given, ... {PU} 9
lan byed {L}prativacana reply; answer

anekadh {PH}in many ways
bstan ston bstand stond in answer [to this

question], the Teacher said: ...{Jang 278}
lan btab answers given{BJ 41.4}

lan btab pa {PH}answers given
lan bya bai phyir {L}parihrrtha
770
patha; {C}vyadhvan; {C}paddhati; {MV}pratipatti;

{C,MV}pratipad; {C}pratipad-gata; {C}praha
(=pradhna); {C,MSA}vartman path; path
consciousness; way; road; course; [connective
particle:] and; or {PH}radiant; vivid bad
road; {C}practices; (bound to) progress (towards);
instruction; effort; forsaking; forsaken; right path
bar chad med lam uninterrupted
path
Definitions:
lam gyi bye brag {MSA}mrga-viea
mtshan nyid/ rang bras byang chub tu bgrod pai go
particulars of the path
skabs phye shul du gyur pai lam zhugs kyi mkhyen pa/
Definition: an exalted knower of one who has

entered the path, which provides an opportunity for
progressing toward its own effect, enlightenment

dbye ba/ 1 tshogs lam/ 2
Divisions:
lam gyi dmigs pa yin pa
dmigs dmigs dmigs

dmigs {MV}mrglambanatva is an object of
observation of the path
lam gyi dmigs pai

stong pa nyid emptiness that is the object
observed by the path
sbyor lam/ 3 mthong lam/ 4 sgom lam/ 5 mi slob

lam/ Divisions: (1) path of accumulation; (2)
path of preparation; (3) path of seeing; (4) path of
meditation; (5) path of no more learning
lam gyi tshogs sgrub achieving

through the collection of the [Great Vehicle]
paths [of seeing and meditation]
lam ka {MSA}pathin one on the/a path

lam kha road
lam ga {PH}roadside; side of the road
lam gyi sku gsum the three path
lam gyi bzhi mdo
{PH}four-way
crossroads
lam gyi od gsal mrga-prabhsa

the path clear light
lam gyi yan lag {MSA,MV}
bodies
lam gyi dgag bya {N}mrga-
mrgga; {MV}mrgasyga branch(es) of

the path
pratiedhya object of negation by the path{N}
lam gyi rgyun bcad {C}
lam gyi yan lag rnam
pratiprasrabdha-mrga severing/cutting the

continuum of the path {C}having finished with
the path
par brgyad {MSA}aau mrggni eight

branches of the path
lam gyi sgrib pa {MSA}mrgvaraa

obstructions of the path
lam gyi dam pa {C}mrga-praet
excellent path; highest path {C}guide to the
lam gyi rang bzhin {MSA}mrga-
svabhva nature of the path; inherent existence

of the path
lam gyis suddenly; momentarily;

immediately
Path
lam gyi bden {L}mrga-satya true
lam grol gro ba {C}utpatha-gata

{C}have gone onto a wrong road
paths; truth of the path
lam gyi bden pa {C,MV}mrga-satya

true path; true paths; truth of the path
lam gyi rnam pa thams cad
lam bgrod tshul
{PH}mode of
progressing on the path
lam rgyun mi gcod pa {MSA}

vartmccheda; {MSA}vartmnupaccheda not
severed/cut the continuum of the path
{MSA}sarvkra-mrga all types of paths
lam gyi rnam pa shes pa nyid lam sgron bodhi-patha-pradpa Atas

{C}mrga-jat (=mrgkra-jat) knowledge
of the path; cognition of the path
771
Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment
lam bsgom pa
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {MV}mrga-bhvana
cultivate/meditate on a path
lam bsgoms pa
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {MV}mrga
lam po che {C}mah-mrga; {MSA}mah-
lam gcod pa {MSA}paripantha cut
patha; {MSA}mah-rja-patha great path; great

road
off the path
lam chad pa
chad
chad chad chad {C}chinna-vartman cut off the
path {C}his tracks cut off
lam po che lta bui sems

bskyed mind-generation like highway
lam spyad pa
lam chos bzod doctrinal
lam chos shes doctrinal knowledge
lam ma yin pa non-path

lam min {C}amrga non-path; not a path
lam med {PH}trackless
lam myur bai khyad par the
with respect to the path
{Rigzin}
Uttaramantrina
lam rjes bzod subsequent

forbearance with respect to the path
feature of greater speed in the path
lam rjes shes subsequent knowledge
lam zhugs
zhug jug
zhugs zhugs one who has entered the path
with respect to the path; subsequent cognizer of

the path{Gn-chok}
lam bzang {PH}excellent path

lam rim mrgakrama stages of the
lam nye ba {PH}short path

lam ste suddenly; momentarily;
path{N}
lam las rab tu mnyam pa
immediately
lam thun mong sdhraa-mrga
{C}mrga-praaa {C}one who has lost the Path
common path; shared path
lam mthong spang nyon
mongs bcu {PH}ten afflictions to be abandoned

by the path of seeing [related to the Noble Truth of]
the Path
song song
utpatha-prayta; {C}prayta (e.g.: utpathaprayta) mistaken path; is a mistaken path

{C}strayed onto a bad/wrong road; strayed on to
lam log par zhugs pa
lam sher phyin path perfection of
lam bden {N}mrga-satya true path;
wisdom mrgamtaprajpramit
true path{N}; truth of the path; true paths
lam log par mchis pa {C}

unmrga-pratipanna enter on a mistaken path
song song {C}pathi (-gata) as a path; {C}on a

path/road
lam bden steng gi rnam
spyad
spyod spyad spyod {MSA}mrga-caraa

practice the path
forbearance with respect to the path
lam du song
lam bden pa mrgasatya true paths

lam rnam pa gnyis {MSA}dvividha-mrga two kinds of paths
bhvayati cultivate/meditate on a path
lam mchog gro
pa bdun seven aspects in terms of true paths
lam shes mrga-jat knower of paths;

path consciousness
772
lam shes kyi yan lag
deed); work; [ablative particle:] from; by reason

of; having [done something]; activities {C}
activity; what it does; function; face to face (with);
confronted
mrgajatgni limbs of knowers of paths
lam shes nyid {C}mrga-jat
las karma action; karma

las ka work
las
(=mrgkra-jat) knower of paths; path

consciousness; knowledge of paths
lam shes pa
dang yongs su byang ba shes pa {C}parijaya

path consciousness and completely purified
consciousness {C}(complete) mastery/conquest
kyang yod las kyi rnam par smin pa yang yod kyi
{MSA}asti karmsti vipka even though actions
exist, the fruitions of actions also exist
lam shes sbyor ba
las kyi khyad par {MSA}karma-
mrgajatprayoga training in a knower of

paths
viea attribute of action; feature of action
las kyi sgrib pa {C}karmvaraa
lam shes sbyor bai ngo
obstructions of actions; karmic obstructions

{C}obstacles caused by (past) deeds
bo nyid lnga five essentials of a training in a

knower of paths
las kyi snying po can {C}karma-
training in the difficult to achieve (sgrub dka' ba'i sbyor

ba), training in definiteness of full purification
one-pointedly (gcig tu 'tshang rgya bar nges pa'i
sbyor ba), training in achieving the three great
intents [great mind, great abandonment and great
realization] (ched du bya ba chen po gsum sgrub
pa'i sbyor ba), training in not observing the three
spheres of meditation as ultimately existent (sgom
pa'i 'khor gsum don dam par mi dmigs pa'i sbyor
ba), training in stopping the conception of truly
existent things (bden pa'i dngos por zhen pa bkag
pa'i sbyor ba)
garbha having the essence of action {C}is

potentially present in
las kyi mtha {MSA}karmnta

extreme of action; limit of action
las kyi dor {C}parikarma; {L}sukta
discarding of action/karma; casting out of action/

karma {C}well done; preparation; (necessary)
preparation
las kyi gnas {MSA}karma-sthna
lam shes sbyor bai shes
abode/place of action/karma
mtshan knowledge characteristic of a training

in a knower of paths
lam gsum {C}tri-mrga three paths

lai khar {PH}at the summit of a mountain
pass
l i pa lhipda Lhipda [p.n.]

l i ba lhipda Lhipda [p.n.]
las {MSA,L,MV}karma; {C,MSA,MV}karman;
{MSA}karma-vipka fruition of actions/karma;

ripening of actions/karma
las kyi rnam par smin

pa mtshungs pa tulya-karma-vipka similar
fruition of karma
las kyi phyag rgya {MSA}karmamudr action seal
las kyi dbang gis {MSA}
karmdhipatyena by the power of actions/karma
{MSA}karmin; {C}kritra; {C}samukha(m);

{MSA}mkhas pa las = vijnm antikt action;
act; deed; predisposition (established by a
las kyi rnam par smin pa
773
las kyi
dbang gis dod pai gnas su skye ba {MSA}karmavsenbhipreta-sthnopapatti arise as abiding
of desire through the power of actions/karma
las kyi dbye ba {MSA}karma-bheda
beginner
las dang po pai rnal byor

pa yogi who is a beginner
las dang po ba {LCh}di-karmika
divisions of action/karma; karmic distinctions
las kyi rlung {PH}wind of karmic action

las dang po ba tsam gyi
las kyi lam {C}karma-mrga; {C,MSA}
yid byed dikarmika-mtra-manaskra mental
[deed-first-done]; a beginner; novice
karma-patha path of action path of deeds
contemplation of a mere beginner
las kyis byas pa {MSA}karma-kta
las bdag gir bya ba {C}karma-
las khungs office

las gud naang {C}anyatra
las das pa {C}atikrama; {C}
svakat ones object of action {C}all that

concerns (beings) is their own work
made by action/karma; produced by action/
karma
samatikramat; {C}uttratva pass beyond;

transcend {C}overcome; rises completely above;
have transcended; having escaped from
{C}all
equally; except for; but; (as) other than; outside;
(but to) nothing else than; what is other than;
otherwise than; elsewhere (than); except
las ldog cing
ldog
ldog ldogs ldogs {C}ni(r)vtta reversed from;
opposite from; desist from {C}turned away;
desist
las rgya karmamudr Action Seal

las rgyal mchog supreme king of
las ni ngo bo sna tshogs pa
actions
las sgrib karmvaraa karmic
{MSA}vicitra-rpa ... karman action has various

entities {T}
obstruction
las rnam pa drug gi don
las can {MSA}karmaka having action/
{MSA}karmrtha ... a-vidha meaning of the six

types of action {T}
karma; active
las nyid pa {C}karmat activeness;
las rnam gsum po {MSA}karma
karmic {C}doingness
las nyon gyi dbang
trividham three types of action/karma
las snang dag pa pure karma and
{PH}the force
of [contaminated] actions and afflictions
las thabs {PH}method of preparation

las dang ngo bo nyid kyis
perception
las phun sum tshogs pa
{MSA}karma-sapad perfect action; marvellous

action; complete action
{MSA}karmata ... svabhvata through action

and entity; by way of action and entity
las phyir zlog {L}nirvt- turn ones
las dang po pa dikarmika [deed-
back on ...; turn away from ...
las bum sgrub pa
first-done]; beginner
las dang po pa tsam
of the action vase
gyi yid byed mental contemplation of a mere
774
{PH}consecration
las byas pa {MV}ktasya karmaa ...
{MSA}karma-pariodhana thoroughly purify
actions/karma
perform actions; do
las byung ba
byung
las rab byams
byung byung byung {C}nirjta (=niryta); {L}mayi arisen from; arises from; occurs due to;
practice (of) {C}come forth; issued; source
{PH}infinite
activities
las ring du gyur pa {C}dr-
las byed {C}karma-kriy perform
bhavati is far from {C}gets away from
actions; do {C}doing work
las byed pa {L}karma-kriy; {MSA}
karma-karaa perform actions; do doing work
las byed pai mi {C}karma-kra
las rlung {PH}wind of karmic action

las la dbang ba {MV}karma-vait
power over action {T}
las la mi sulu ba
{GD:659}
reliability with respect to an action; {GD:666}
reliability with respect to a certain object [one of
Go-ram-bas three criterion for a reliable cognition
(mi slu bai rig pa)]
agent; doer {C}servant; husbandman
las bras karma-phala effects of
actions; effect(s) of action(s); action(s) and

effect(s)
las lam karma-mrga path of actions{N}

las log pa opposite from
las su gnyer bya {GD:674}
las brtsams te {C}rabhya

beginning with
las brtsams zhing {C}rabhya

beginning with
purposeful object
las tshogs karma-sabhra collections las su bya ba object

of activities
las su bya bai sgra accusative case
las mtshan nyid sgrub dgos
las su rung {MV}karmayat; {MV}
karmayatatva be serviceable; become
serviceable
{MSA}karma-lakaa sdhya must achieve

the characteristic of action {T}
las su rung nas ... having become
las zhig pai zhig pa the state
serviceable ...
of disintegration which is an actions having

disintegrated
las su rung ba {MSA}karmaya;
las gzhan mi byed {C}
{MSA}karmayat be serviceable; become

serviceable
ananya-karm not become other than; nontransformation; non-alteration {C}without

doing anything else
las su rung ba nyid {MV}
karmayat; {MV}karmayatva serviceability
las yang dag par das pa
las sla po easy

las gsum rnam par dag
{C}samatikramat pass completely beyond;

completely transcend {C}rises completely
above; have transcended
las yongs su sbyong ba
{MSA}tri-viuddha-karman purity of the three

actions; three pure actions {T}
775
las bsags pa {C}karma-upacaya
validity of the argument]
lugs byung
{C}accumulation of karma
byung
byung byung byung {N,GD}anuloma forward
process {GD:767} forward systems [of
explanation, which consist in demonstrating the
existence of causes]
li {PH}verbal root
l {PH}verbal root
li byin {PH}*Ghaadatta
li yul Khotan
ling nge ba concrete
ling po concrete {GD:150} one block
lu ma {C}palvala {C}pool
lug urabhra; mea sheep
lug ltar lkugs par bya {C}
lugs byung du {N;GD}anuloma

{PH}in the forward process
lugs mi mthun la {C}viloman

discordant process; not concordant with the
mode/system {C}in disagreement; in reverse
order
lung {LCh,MSA}gama; {MSA}upadea
scripture; oral transmission; passage; precept;

injunction; spiritual instruction canonical text;
coming; {GD:748} verbal testimony
jaaidamka {C}like a senseless dumb idiot or a

dumb sheep
lugs {LCh,C}naya; {LCh}mata system;
lung gi sgo nas kyang
mode; way tradition; doctrine; {C}method;

principle; guidance; viewpoint; compass
lugs god pa
rung ba ma yin gamato pi na yujyate is also

not suitable from the viewpoint of scripture
lung gi mngal jug
dgod god bkod god present/state a system
lugs rgya ldan
Scripture on Entering the Womb
lung gi chos gama-dharma the verbal
{GD:657} (lit.) a
hundred systems; interpretable many ways
doctrine
lugs mthong {C}anuloma(m)
lung gi rje su brang pa
concordant process {C}in agreement (with

reality)
*agama-anusrin Followers of Scripture
lung gi rjes brangs
lugs dang mthun pa {MSA}
*gamnusrin Following Scripture
lung gi tshad ma gama-prama
anuloma concordant process; concordant with

the mode/system
lugs dang ldan pa {C}ntimat
prime cognizer [based on] scripture [accepted by

Candrakrti but not by Dharmakrti]
lung gegs byed du dod pa
systematic; having the mode {C}prudent
lugs dang mi mthun pa {MSA}
{GD:773} Criticalists (those who hold scripture

to be an impediment in the debate concerning the
validity of scripture)
pratiloma; {C}viloman discordant process;

not concordant with the mode/system {C}in
disagreement; in reverse order
lugs ldog
ldog
ldog ldogs ldogs {N}paryya; {GD} pratiloma

reverse process {GD:767} backward systems
[of explanation, which consist in demonstrating the
{PH}
776
lung cung zad la rten pa {MSA}

kacid-gama-nirita depending a little on
scripture
lung ston pa
bstan
lung bstan gsol
ston bstand stond {C}vykti; {MSA}vykaraa

(e.g.: ketrdibhir vykaraa) scriptural
teaching; prophesy; prophesied {C}prediction
lung ston par gyur
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}vykaraa

(e.g.: bodhau vykaraa); {MSA}(vy k):
vykariyati prophesy; prophesied
lung bstan
lung du bstan
pa/ {LCh,MV}vykaraa; {C}vykta; {C}
vyktaku; {C}vykti prophesy; prophesied{BJ
8.3}; taught in scripture; scriptural teaching
{PH}prophecy; scriptural teaching {C}predicted;
predestined; determinate; one who has been
predestined; prediction
lung bstan nges pa
lung bstan pa

bstan ston bstand stond {MSA,MV}vykaraa
prophesy; prophesied{BJ 8.3}; taught in
scripture; scriptural teaching
lung
bstan {LCh,L}vykaraa prophesy; prophesied;

taught in scripture; scriptural teaching
prediction (of future Buddhahood)
lung du bstan pai sde
bstan ston bstand stond {L}vykaraa

prophesy; prophesied; taught in scripture;
scriptural teaching
dngos po bstan ston bstand

stond {MSA}avykta-vastu thing that is not
indicated in scripture
lung bstan pas lung ston pa

vykaroti prophesied by prophesy; prophesied
by scripture
lung bstan ma thob

lung du med pa {C}avykta not exist

in scripture; not prophesied
lung nod par yang byed {L}

uddeayanti expound; explain
lung gnod byed du dod pa

{GD:773} Scriptualists (those who hold scripture
to refute in the debate concerning the validity of
scripture)
lung dpog par bya {C}uddiati
avykta unprophesied; not obtain a prophesy

{C}unpredicted; indeterminate; one who has not
had his prediction
expound; explain
lung phog cig {C}uddiati
expound; explain; show; point out
bstan ston bstand stond {C}vykta is
lung du bstan pa
lung du ma bstan pai
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}mahvykaraa great prophesy; great scriptural

teaching
prophesied; is a prophesy
{PH}
connection to scripture
neutral; not indicated in scripture [i.e., neither

virtuous nor non-virtuous]; not prophesied
unanswerable; inexpressible; {C}non-revealed;
indeterminate; unpredicted; one who has not had his
prediction
bstan ston bstand stond {C}vykta

exist as prophesied
lung bstan yin
lung dang sbyar ba
bstan ston bstand stond {C,L}avykta
niyata definitely prophesied; definite prophesy
lung bstan pa chen po
prophesy {C}declare; answer; predict (to); states;

predestine
lung du ma bstan pa
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}vykta-
lung bstan du yod pa
bstan ston bstand stond {C}vykaroti
lung bog pa {L}upadea advice;

instruction
777
{C}
lung ma bstan
lus kyi rjes su lta
blta lta bltas ltos {C}kya-anudarin
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}avykaraa;

avykta not indicated in scripture; not
prophesied; neutral
lung ma bstan pa
contemplation of the body {C}in the

contemplation of the body
lus kyi nyes
par spyod pa rnam pa gsum

spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}kya-ducarita
(tri-vidha-) the three types of faulty physical
practices
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}avykta not

indicated in scripture; not prophesied
lung yang bstan to
bstan ston bstand stond {C}vykaroti
lus kyi tha snyad
prophesy; prophesied; scriptural teaching
{GD:726} physical
signs through which one can communicate
lung la rten pa {MSA}gama-nirita
lus kyi nad {C}kya-lam physical
in dependence upon scripture
lung las {MSA}gamatas from scripture

lung las grags pa tsam
illness
lus kyi gnas ngan len

disfunctional physical state
merely renowned from scripture; merely

renowned in scripture{LG}
lus kyi rnam gyur physical
lum bi n {PH}Lumbin
lus {LCh,C,L,MSA,MV}kya {C}(e.g.:
manifestation
asura-kya); {MSA}kyika; {C,MSA,MV}arra;

{MSA,MV}deha; {MSA}mrti; {C}raya;
{C,MSA,MV}tma-bhva; {MSA}(ava i):
avaiyate; {MSA}ia; {MSA}janman(?); {C}vyu
(=kyur?) body {PH}body {C}receptacle;
physical/bodily basis; based on; foundation; by
resorting to (as a foundation); wind; relics; dead
body; personality; frame; personal existence; extent;
all they have and all they are; personal life
lus kyi rnam pa {C}kykra; kyagata (bhavati) physical aspect; bodily aspect
{C}knows by heart; from the mouth of; what
belongs to the body; what concerns the body
lus kyi rnam par shes pa
kyavijna body consciousness; (main) body

consciousness
lus kyi rnam
shes lus kyi rnam par shes pa

kyavijna body consciousness
lus kyi {C} kyika {C}bodily; physical

lus kyi bya ba {PH}activities of the
lus kyi skyon yang dag
body; physical actions
par sel ba bsal sel bsald
lus kyi dbang po kayendriya;
seld {C}kya-kali-sampramathana completely
kyendriya body sense-power; physical sense

power; body sense power
Definitions:
eliminate/eradicate/remove/clear away/avoid/
exclude bodily faults {C}crushing the misery of
having a body

mtshan nyid/
lus kyi khyad par {MSA}deha-viea
rang bras lus shes kyi thun mong ma yin pai bdag rkyen
physical attributes; bodily attributes
byed pai cha nas bzhag pai nang gi gzugs can dwangs
lus kyi gyur ba {C}kya-vikra
ba/ Definition: clear inner form qualified by being
the uncommon empowering condition of its own

effect, an eye-consciousness
{C}physical afflictions
778
lus kyis ni gnas
speech, and mind
lus dang ngag ni zhi ba {MSA}
ngan len rab tu ston bstan

ston bstand stond {MV}kyena hi dauhulya
prabhvyate teach the bad physical states
nta-vk-kyat pacify body and speech
lus sgrib kyvaraa bodily obstructions

lus mngon sum du gyur pa
{C}kya-skin direct bodily perception;
physical direct perceiver {C}(direct) eyewitness; one who has witnessed cessation with his
body
ngag sems rang bzhin gyi las rnams {MSA}kyavk-citta-maya ... karman actions/karma of the
nature of body, speech, and mind
lus dang ni srog la mi lta
lus can {C,MSA,MV}dehin embodied
blta lta bltas ltos {MSA}anapeka
being; the embodied {C}living beings
svaarra-jvite not view body nor life
lus dang longs spyod
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}arra-
bhoga body and resources
lus dang sems {MSA}kya-citta;
lus lci bar {C}kya-guruka physical
{MSA}kya-cetas body and mind
heaviness; bodily heaviness {C}weighed down

by his bodily fatigue
lus rnyed pa {C}tmabhva-pratilbha
obtain a body; gain a body {C}new incarnation
lus snyom pa {C}kya-klamatha
lus dang
body; bodily; physical {C}endowed; possessed

of
skin direct bodily perception; physical direct

perceiver {C}(direct) eye-witness; one who has
witnessed cessation with his body
to restore physical vigour
dag par sdom pa {MSA}kya-vk-sayama vow

of body and speech
lus dang ldan {C}upeta having a
lus mngon sum byed {C}kya-
lus gcer bu {PH}going naked

lus gcom {PH}physical strength
lus dang ngag yang
{C}
lus dang sems kyi sdug
bsngal {MSA}kyika-caitasika-dukha suffering

of body and mind; physical and mental suffering
lus dang srog {MSA}kya-jvita body

and life
lus dran pa nye bar bzhag
fatigue of body; bodily fatigue
lus rten physical basis; physical life
pa kyasmtypasthna establishment in
mindfulness of body
support
lus dang ngag {MSA}vk-kyat body lus dran pa nyer gzhag
{PH}
application of mindfulness based on the body
and speech
lus dang ngag gi las {MSA}kya lus pa {MSA}avaia; {MSA}ma lus pa

... vk-karman action/karma of body and speech
lus pa med pa {C}anavaea without
lus dang ngag dang yid kyi las yang dag par kun
tu spyod pa spyad spyod spyad
spyod {MSA}kya-vmanas-karma-samcaraa
thoroughly practice action/karma of body,
= niea left over; remain behind; [with

negative:] without any left; entirely; wholly; all
any left; entirely; wholly; all {C}total
779
lus po avaia left over; remain behind;
[with negative:] without any left; entirely;

wholly; all
kylambana observe the body {T}
lus phun sum tshogs pa
lus la sogs pa {MSA}kydi body,

etc.
{MSA}tma-bhva-sapad; {MSA}tma-bhvasapatti perfect body; marvellous body;

physical marvels
lus la sogs
pai chos la bdag med pa {MSA}kydi-dharmanairtmya selflessness in phenomena, body and

so forth
lus phags videha Videha
{Das}
eastern continent; n. of Mithila, or Thirhut;
{Rigzin} Videha
lus las gnas ngan len pa
lus phags po prvavideha; videha
{MSA}dauhulya-kya bad physical states; bad

bodily states
Prvavideha
lus dben physical isolation; isolation of
lus shin sbyangs
body
lus mi snang
pliancy
snang
snang snang snang {C}adya-kyo nonappearing body; invisible body {C}one who has
made his body invisible
lus med bdag po anagapati
an awareness whose arising depends on its own

uncommon empowering condition, a physical sense
power and an observed object condition, a tangible
object
non-physical; without a body
lus mtshan dpes a body adorned
lus shes kyi reg bya tangible
with the major and minor marks [of a Buddha]
lus zhig nas {MSA}kyasya bhedt
object of a body consciousness
lus su gtogs pa rjes
from destruction of the body; having destroyed

the body
su dran pa {C}kyagata-anusmti subsequent

mindfulness of what is included in the body
{C}recollection of what pertains to the body
{PH}body; environment;
lus su snang ba
and time
lus yongs su grub pa {C}
lus la gtogs pa {C}kya-gata
(bhavati) included in the body {C}knows by

heart; from the mouth of; what belongs to the body;
what concerns the body
snang snang snang snang {MSA}deha-nirbhsa;

{MSA}dehbhsa appear as a body; physical
appearance
(tenaiva ca-) tmabhva-pratilambh(en)a

thoroughly established body {C}in his newfound outlook on life; in his new incarnation
bodily cognition
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang gi thun mong

rkyen reg bya la brten nas skye bai rig pa/ Definition:
lus med pa {MSA}dehbhva bodiless;
lus la dmigs pa
lus shes kya-jna body consciousness;

ma yin pai bdag rkyen lus kyi dbang po dang dmigs
Bodiless Lord
lus yul dus
{PH}physical
lus sems shin sbyangs

kyi bde ba sbyang sbyong
sbyangs sbyongs bliss of physical and mental
pliancy
le lo {LCh,C,MV}kausdya; {C}(=kuda);
{LCh,C,MSA,MV}kaudya; {L}kusda; {MSA}
780
alasa; {MSA}lasya laziness {C}indolence;
sloth; slothful; lazy

dbye ba/ 1 sgyid lugs pai le lo/
Divisions:
2 bya ba ngan zhen gyi le lo/ 3 snyoms las kyi le lo/

Div.: 1) laziness of inadequacy, 2) laziness which
is an attachment to bad activities, 3) laziness of
neutral activities
le lo can {C}kusda; {C}kusda-rpo;
sdhu beautiful; eloquent; good; well; proper;

excellent; efficient? better; advantage; well said/
done; meet; indeed
legs pa drug dang ldan pa
bhagavan (etymology) one who possesses the six

goodnesses
legs pai blo gros {LCh,L,MSA}

sdhu-mat good intelligence; Eminent; Good
Intelligence (ninth bodhisattva ground)
{MSA}kuda one who is lazy; lazy {C}

indolence; sloth; esentially slothful
le lo dag {SPS} sita
legs pa {C}reyas; {C}anuasa; {C}
{PH}two [kinds of]
laziness
legs par su- well; good; proper(ly);

beautiful(ly)
le lo med pa {C}akusda non-laziness; legs par skyes pa {MSA}sujta

not lazy {C}free from sloth
well-born; well-produced
obstruction of laziness
established; properly established {C}wellformed
le loi sgrib pa {MSA}kaudyvaraa legs par grub {C}spahita well legs su-; {MSA}vara good; well; beautiful;
proper
dmigs legs par ma phyed pai tom jug gis mi
ong ngo it will not come through involvement in
which the points are not differentiated well ... {MSI
411.2}
legs par grub pa {C}upacita
well-established; properly established; well

established; well confirmed {C}well-formed;
collected; accumulated; heaped up; powerful; built
up
legs khrungs {C}sujta well-born legs par brgyan pa {C}
samalaktu well-adorned; beautifully adorned
{C}well-grown
legs grub kyi rgyud susiddhi
samyak-praasa well-praised; properly praised
tantra Susiddhi Tantra
legs bcos ma byas aparikarmakta well-fabricated {C}not repaired; not well

got ready
legs chos {C}gua-dharma good
legs par bcos legs byas
{C}parikarma-kta well-fabricated {C}well got

ready
legs par brjod pa
brjod rjod brjod rjod {MSA}sulapita well-
doctrine; beautiful doctrine {C}precious

dharma
expressed
legs ldan chung ba Bhvaviveka

the Lesser [p.n.]
legs ldan byed {LCh}bhvaviveka;

bhva Bhvaviveka; Bhva [p.n. of the
philosopher who founded the SvtrantikaMdhyamika school]
legs par bsngags pa {MSA}
781
legs par mnyam par

bzhag pa {L}susamhita proper meditative
equipoise; good meditative equipoise
legs par rnyed pa {MSA}su-lbha

well found; properly found; well gained;
properly gained; properly obtained
legs par rtogs par
legs par rnam par
phye ba dang ldan pa suvibhakta possessed of

good differentiation
supratividdha well-realized; well-understood

{C}well penetrated
legs par rnam par
legs par rtogs par byed
phye bai chos khor a wheel of doctrine of good

differentiation{BJ 30.5}

{MV}sughta karoti well-realized; wellunderstood
legs par ston pa
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}sudean welltaught; good teaching; proper teaching; well/
properly indicated
legs par ston pa nyid
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MV}sucarita good

deeds; good performance; practice well
legs par phye ba differentiate
legs par phye bai chos
khor wheel of doctrine of good differentiations
legs par bya ba well done

legs par byas pa {L}sukta well-
sudeikatva well-taught; good teaching; proper

teaching; well/properly indicated
legs par brtags
brtag rtog
done
brtags rtags dtangn gdags dogs btags/brtags thogs

{L}anvkita well analyzed; well invesigated;
properly designated
bstan ston bstand stond {L}supravedita

well-taught; good teaching; proper teaching;
well/properly indicated
legs par byes pa {C}aparilna

beautifully defined {C}unwrinkled
legs par sbyangs pa
{C}supartta well purified/washed/practiced/

trained/cleansed/cleaned {C}well-encompassed
legs par smin par byed pa
legs par thos {L}suruta hear well;
{MSA}supcan properly bring to fruition; wellripened
hear properly well understood; understand well;

famous
legs par smra ba {MSA}sukathika
legs par doms {C}anvavadati
well-propounded; propound well/properly; good

proponent
good advice; advise well; counsel well; good

counsel {C}instruct
legs par tshul bzhin {L}
legs par gnas {MSA,C}susthita
suyonia properly; correctly
abide well; abide properly; good place {C}

well-placed; standing firmly; well-established
legs par rnam par rtogs pa

suvicitrtha understand well; well-understood;
well-realized {C}one who has well considered
(his welfare)
well{BJ 30.5}
legs par bstan pa
legs par spyod pa
782
legs par rdzogs pa
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {C}
susampta(?) well perfected/completed/fulfilled/

terminated
legs par zin pa {C}sdghta well

apprehended; well-grasped {C}well learned
legs par bzung {L}susampta well
legs brtson {MSA}suyukta good
apprehended; well-grasped
legs par yid la
endeavor; proper endeavor; strive well; suitable
legs mtsho {C}gua-sgara good
bya ba byas pa yin te {C}sumanasikta well

mentally contemplated; good/proper mental
contemplation {C}well-attended to
ocean; beautiful ocean {C}ocean of virtues
legs par yongs su gtad pa

{C}suparndita good aim; proper aim {C}
well-favored
legs par shes {MSA}suvija well

legs par bshad {C}subhita well
explained; good explanation(s) {C}beautiful
teaching; well-taught; well-spoken words
legs par bshad pa {MSA}
legs bshad subhita eloquence; well
legs bshad snying po Dzong-kabas Essence of the Good Explanations
legs bshad pa {MSA}sukathita

good explanation(s); well explained
legs bshad gser gyi
phreng ba Dzong-ka-bas Golden Rosary of

Good Explanation, P. 6150, vol. 154
sudeana; {MSA}sudeita; {MSA}subhita;

{MSA}skta; {MSA}svkhytat; {MSA}legs par
bshad pa dang nyes par bshad pa dmigs phyed
pa = svkhyta-durkhytavadhraa; {MSA}
legs par bshad pa dang nyes par smras pai don =
subhita-durbhittha well explained; good
explanation(s)
legs sam snyam ste I think that

[X] is good{LG}
legs su grub {C}suparivtta wellestablished; properly established {C}wellfinished
legs par bshams {C}yojayati
good layout; proper layout; well arranged {C}

apply oneself to; yoked to; distribute (evenly); join
up (with)
legs par slobs pai slad du

{C}suikitatva {C}because he is well-trained
legs par gsungs pa {C}
legs so {L}sdhu good!; well-done!

legs so zhes bya ba byin {C}
sdhukra dadti give [approval]: Good!
excellent!; {C}applaud; give approval
legs so legs so {L}sdhu sdhu

good, good!; well-done!
svkhyta; {L}subhita; {L}svk(h)yta; {MSA}

svkhytat well said; well spoken; good speech;
good talk {C}well-taught
legs par bsams pa {L}sucintita

well-thought; good thought; proper thought
legs par bslabs pa {MSA}

suikita well-learned; learn well
phyogs su khyil ba {C}dakivartta {C}turn to

the right
explained; good explanation
cognized; know well; proper knowledge; good

consciousness
legs spyad {PH}good deed

legs phye good distinction
legs la ga yas
len
blang /
len/ blangs/ longs sam lend/ {C}udgraha; {C}

ghti; {C}yhika; {C}dna(m) take; obtain;
appropriate; appropriating; accept; grasping
{C}taking hold of; studying; grasp at; take notice;
which accepts; which toils; take upon himself;
seizes; grasp; hold; get hold of
len gyi ching ba assumption

len dang spong ba {MV}dnavivarjana appropriating and abandoning
783
len pa
blang
/ len/ blangs/ longs sam lend/ {C,MSA,MV}dna;
{L,MV}updna; {MSA}dhi; {C}pratighti;
{C}parigrhaka; {MSA}grahaa (e.g.: grahaadhraa); {MV}udgraha grasping; take; obtain;
appropriate; appropriating; accept {C}taking
hold of; studying; grasp at; take notice; which
accepts; which toils; take upon himself; seizes;
grasp; hold; get hold of; receives; accepts; acquires;
take hold of; one who has upheld; helper; someone
who upholds; one who takes up (bad moral pr
len pa dang spong ba {MV}dna-
(=para) year; [particle indicating the end of a

statement]; leaf; petal (=lo ma) {C}rain; shower
lo skor {PH}[sixty-year] cycle of years

lo bskor {PH}[sixty-year] cycle of years
lo gcig {C}savatsara one year; a year
lo tog {MSA}sasya harvest
lo stong du mtshungs par {C}
vara-sahasram {C}1000 years
lo dab leaf
lo dab rul pa lta bur
tyga; {MV}dna-vivarjana appropriating and

abandoning
len pa po {C}parigrhaka; {MSA}
gyur par {C}kasambaka-jta {C}mere rubbish
lo pa {PH}translators and paitas

lo ma {C}pattra (=para); {C}pallala; {MSA}
pratigrhaka appropriator; grasper
len pa med pa {L}anupdya
non-appropriation; non-appropriating; nongrasping; not taking
patra (=pattra) leaf {C}petal; sprouting
lo ma dor len {MSA}para-
len pa med par zag
tygdna discarding and appropriating leaves
pa rnams las {C}anupdysravebhyas from

contaminations without appropriation {C}
from the outflows without further clinging
lo ma bdun ri {LCh} saptapar

{PH}seven-petaled mountain
len pai rnam par shes pa
lo tstsha ba {PH}translator
lo ts ba ka cog zhang
{L}dna-vijna appropriating consciousness
len par bgyid pa {C}yhika
{PH}
translators Ka-wa [Pel-tsek (ka ba dpal brtsegs)];
Jok-ro [L-gyal-tsen (cog ro klui rgyal mtshan)];
and Zhang [Na-nam Ye-she-de (zhang sna nam ye
shes sde)]
appropriate; grasp; take; obtain; accept
len par byed {MSA}niyojayati

appropriate; grasp; take; obtain; accept
lo tstsha ba ka cog zhang
leu {L,C}parivarta; {L}paalam; {MSA}paala
{PH}
translators Ka-wa [Pel-tsek (ka ba dpal brtsegs)];
Jok-ro [L-gyal-tsen (cog ro klui rgyal mtshan)];
and Zhang [Na-nam Ye-she-de (zhang sna nam ye
shes sde)]
chapter {C}revolution; exposition; book;

section; revolving
leu ste dang po eka-parivarta first
lo tshigs {PH}chronology
lo legs good harvest
lo gsar me tog the new year
chapter
leu gzhung tshad number of

chapters
leur bcad pa {MV}pariccheda
flower (lo gsar me tog); a red leaved plant about

two feet high also called (mon sne dmar po)
chapter; section
lo {LCh,C}vara; {C}savatsara; {C}pattra
784
log nirvtti; nirvartana reverse; opposite;
log pai kun rdzob
log sgrub wrong achieving

log nyid {MSA}mithytva reversal;
log pai kun rdzob bden pa
wrong; mistaken; unreal; overcome; to return;

turn from; return; turn around; be turned
upside down; dispose of; ceasing
mithysavtisatya unreal/incorrect
conventionality {PH}unreal conventional [truth]
mithysavtisatya unreal/incorrect concealertruth; unreal/incorrect conventional truth

{PH}unreal conventional truth
wrongness; opposition; returning
log rtog mithy-sakalpa wrong
conception; misconception; wrong view; perverse

conception
log rtog pa {C}vipratipatti mistaken
log pai nan tan {C}vipratipatti
wrongly progress {C}error; failure to progress
nyid bsal sel bsald seld

definition which eliminates wrong ideas
log pai tshig {MSA}mithy-vda

mistaken words
blta lta bltas ltos
{LCh}mithy-di wrong view
log dren bgegs kyi rgyal

po {VM} vinyaka {VM} p.n. class of demons
log pa {N}nirvtti; {C}nirvartana
(=pratinivtti); {C}mithytva; {MSA}mithy;

{MSA}asat; vitatha; vipraryaya reverse;
opposite; wrong; unreal; overcome; to return;
turn from; return; turn around; be turned
upside down; dispose of; ceasing; mistaken
{PH}reverse; opposite; unreal; mistaken
{C}turning backwards; one who goes back on;
wrongness; {GD:141} differentiated
bsal sel bsald seld {MSA}
log pai tsho ba {C}mithy-jvik

{C}wrong livelihood
log pai lam la rab
tu gnas pa {C}utpathonmrga-pratisthita
thoroughly abiding in a wrongful path {C}set
out on the wrong path
log pai shes pa mithy-jna

wrong consciousness
log par {C}mithy; {C}vitatha wrong;

wrongly; mistaken; mistakenly {C}errant;
incorrect; false(ly)
log par gyur pa {C}vitatha-darana

is wrong; is mistaken {C}false to behold
mithy-nicaypakarikatva definitely eliminate/

eradicate/remove/clear away/avoid/exclude error
log pa nyid {MV}mithytatva error;

wrongness; oppositeness; reversal
log pa nyid du nges pa {C}
mithytva-niyata determined wrongly; definitely

in error {C}destined for perdition
mna erroneous pride {C}false pride

mistaken conceptions
log rtog sel bai mtshan
log pa nges par sel ba
log pai nga rgyal {C,N}mithy-
log pai rtog pa vitatha-vikalpa
conceptual consciousness; mistaken thought

{C}error; failure to progress
log lta
785
log par sgrub pa

mithy-pratipatti; {MSA}vipratipatti; {MSA}
viprapatti wrongly established; mistakenly
established
log par sgrub pai de kho na

{MV}mithy-pratipatti-tattva wrongly established
pa {MSA}viparta-grhaa engage in
misapprehension; engage in mistaken
apprehension
suchness; mistakenly established suchness
log par bsgrub
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {C}vipratipatti

wrongly established; mistakenly established
{C}error; failure to progress
log par dzin pa
{MSA}mithybhinivia mistakenly determined;

mistaken adherence; wrong conception
log par zhugs pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}asad-
grha misapprehension{BJ 40.5}; mistaken

apprehension
log par mngon par zhen pa
vipratipanna wrong perspective; wrongly

perspected; those who are wrongly perspected;
mistakenly engage in; wrongly enter into {C}
one who fails to progress
{MSA}mithynubhava mistakenly experience;

wrongly experience
log par rtog pa {C}vikalpayati
log par bzung bar mi bya {C}
wrong idea; wrongly think; mistaken thought;

mistaken conceptual consciousness {C}
discriminates; imagines; think it over; thinks to
himself; make a false discrimination
udghta; {C}udghti mistakenly apprehend;

misapprehend; mistakenly grasp {C}take up;
on the wrong path; should not be seized upon
log par yang dag shes pa
log par rtogs pa gsal ba
{MSA}mithy-satrita misconceive; mistaken

consciousness
clearing up wrong ideas; eliminating wrong

ideas{LG}
log par rig pa {C}durupalakita
blta lta bltas
mistaken awareness; mistaken knowledge {C}

badly distinguish
ltos mithy-di wrong view
log par lta ba
blta lta
bltas ltos {L,MSA,MV}mithy-di wrong view
log par snang ba
log par bsams pai don
{MSA}mithy cintitrthasya object of a mistaken

thought
snang snang snang snang {MV}vitathapratibhsatva wrong appearance; mistaken

appearance; appear mistakenly
log phyogs opposite class

log zhugs zhug jug
log par byas pa {MSA}mithy-kta
zhugs zhugs vipratipanna wrong perspective;

wrongly perspected; those who are wrongly
perspected{BJ 57.4}; mistakenly engage in;
wrongly enter into
done wrongly; made wrongly
log par sbyor
sbyar
sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}ry-prayukta
wrongly endeavor/connect/join/apply
log par mos pa
mos
mos mos mos {MSA}vipartdhimoka mistaken/

wrong/perverse belief/faith/interest/inclination
towards/zeal/keenness; believe mistakenly/
wrongly/perversely
log par dzin du jug

zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C,MSA}
log par nyams su myong ba
log par lta
786
log shes {LCh}mithy-jna;
viparyayaja; viparyayajna mistaken

consciousness; wrong consciousness; wrong/
mistaken perception; erroneous consciousnesses
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang gi jug yul la khrul bai
rig pa/ Definition: a knower which is mistaken
with respect to its object of engagement
Divisions:
dbye ba/ 1 rtog pa log shes/ 2 rtog med log shes/
Divisions: (1) conceptual mistaken consciousness;
(2) non-conceptual mistaken consciousness
log sa tha dad
person with good legs
long bu {C}gulpha ankle

ankle-bone
{PH}different bases of
reversal
log sa tha dad las ldog pa

{PH}reversed from different bases of reversal
longs sku {LCh}sabhoga-kya
go {C}follow (after); conform to; regain;

approach; emulate; arrive (at); pursue; follow up
Enjoyment Body; Complete Enjoyment Body
bab babs bab babs {C}anugacchati
wronlgy descend/flow/fall down/move downward

{C}follow (after); conform to; regain; approach;
emulate; arrive (at); pursue; follow up
log su mthun par dong ngo

{C}anugacchati {C}follow (after); conform
to; regain; approach; emulate; arrive (at); pursue;
follow up
logs su separately
{PH}to the edge (of);

separately; apart; as different (than); as other (than)
logs su bkral
bkral grel bkrald greld differentiate
long duration; spare time

long khrid a guide; leader of the blind
long ga {PH}large intestine
The large intestine [is] the name
of the part [of the body] that is between the small

intestines and the colon, and is one from among six
container-organs that is named in dependence upon
its shape. Gso rig tshigs mdzod - g.yu thog dgongs
rgyan (long ga)
spyad
spyod spyad spyod {MV}sabhoga resources;
enjoyments; usables; enjoyment
longs spyod
spyad
spyod spyad spyod {LCh,L,MSA,MV}bhoga;

{L,MSA}sabhoga; {C}sabhogika resources;
enjoyments; usables; enjoyment {C}possession;
pleasure; wealth; complete enjoyment; pleasure
longs spyod kun tu ston pa

bhoga-sadarana teach/ indicate resources {T}
longs spyod kun rdzogs
{MSA}sapra-bhoga complete/perfect
enjoyment; complete/perfect resources
longs spyod kyi rgyu mtshan

bhoga-nimitta cause of resources/enjoyment
longs spyod kyis pham
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}bhoga-
parjita conquered by enjoyments; conquered

due to resources ? {T}
longs spyod can
longs spyod chags {MSA}bhogasakti attachment to resources/enjoyments
wealth
{PH}a blind
longs par spyod
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}bhogin having

resourses
long po rising
long spyod {PH}enjoyment; resources;
long ba rkang can
long bya {PH}objects of enjoyment

long med {PH}no time [to waste]
longs enjoyment; duration; spare time;
take; appropriate; obtain; accept; enjoy
log su gro {C}anugacchati wrongly
log su rjes su bab
{C}ankle(s);
787
longs spyod chen poi
rigs su skye ba {C}mahkulopapatti arising in a
lineage/family with great resources {C}rebirth
in good families
longs spyod nyid
sabhoga-kya; {MSA}sbhogika ... (kya);

{MV}sbhogika kya Complete Enjoyment
Body; Enjoyment Body
longs spyod
longs spyod la kun
rnams la mngon par mi dgao {MSA}bhogev

anabhirati not delighting in resources/
enjoyments
tu dzin pa med pa gzung

dzin bzung zungs {MSA}bhoga-nirgrahatva
non-apprehension/grasping for resources/
enjoyments
longs spyod rnams
la ma chags pa {MSA}asakty bhogeu; {MSA}

bhogev ansakty not attached to resources/
enjoyments
longs spyod la chags pa
{MSA,MV}bhoga-sakti attached to resources/

enjoyments
spyad
longs spyod la mi lta ba
spyod spyad spyod {MV}sabhoga resources;

enjoyments; usables
blta lta bltas ltos {MSA}bhoga-
longs spyod phun sum
nirapeka not viewing resources {T}
tshogs pa spyad spyod spyad

spyod {MSA}bhoga-sapad; {MSA}bhogasapatti complete resources/enjoyments;
marvellous resources/enjoyments
longs spyod la mi ldan
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}bhoga-
nirapeka without resources/enjoyments
longs bu {C}gulpha
longs spyod phel bar
{C}ankle(s); ankle-
bone
byed pa {MSA}bhoga-vddhi-nayana increase

resources/enjoyments
longs rdzogs
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {C}sabhoga

enjoyment; complete enjoyment/resources
bhogpramatta conscientiousness with respect to

resources/enjoyments
spyad
spyod spyad spyod objects of use
longs spyod ma chags blo
lon pa take up; mature; developed; to pass
[of time]; to reach; taken up; reached at; arrived

at ston pai rjes su
lo dgu brgya lon pa na when nine hundred years
had passed after the Teacher ...{LWT 165}
sha {LCh}msa meat; flesh; fish
{PH}body
sha rus la sogs pa dang
bral bas since it lacks flesh, bones, and so forth
...{TGP 56}
{MSA}asakta-bhoga-buddhi mind that is not

attached to resources/enjoyments
longs spyod smin par byed
{MV}bhoga-pcana ripen resources/enjoyments;
chags pa {MSA}bhogev asakta not attached

to resources/enjoyments
longs spyod bya
longs spyod rdzogs pai sku
longs spyod dag la ma
longs spyod bag yod
longs spyod rdzogs pa
sabhoga; {MSA}sbhogya complete/perfect

enjoyment; complete/perfect resources
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}bhogat

resources; enjoyment
longs spyod pa
bring resources/enjoyments to maturation
788
sha kya
shA kya akya akya
sh kya kya [transliteration of the

Sanskrit word] kya
shkya {PH}kya
sha kya thub pa
shA kya
thub pa kyamuni kyamuni
sh kya thub pa kyamuni

kyamuni
sha kya thub pa chen po
shA kya thub pa chen po {C}

mah-kyamuni Mah-kyamuni; the great
kyamuni
shkya mu ne {PH}kyamuni
sh kya bshes gnyen kyamitra
kyamitra
shkyai btsun pa
{PH}Buddhist
monk; (lit.) venerable one in the lineage of
kyamuni
sha kyai sras po ma yin
shA kyai sras po ma yin {C}akya-
putrya is not a son of kya(muni); {T} is not a

son of the kya (clan)
sha dkar
{PH}light flesh colour

The alms
bowl has a flesh-colored rust varnish applied to the
inside. {GCC} p.15
sha dkar g.ya rtsi
appearance
sha za {LCh,C}pica pica; flesh eater

{C}malignant demon
sha za bskal don
du song bai gang zag song song

song song a person for whom flesh eaters have
become super-sensory objects
sh ra dwa tii bu {MSA}

radvatiputra {PH}riputra
sh ra dwatii bu {MSA}radvatiputra
{PH}riputra
sh rii bu {MSA}riputra riputra

sh rii sras po riputra {PH}
riputra
{PH}flesh-
colored rust varnish

The alms bowl has a flesh-colored
rust varnish applied to the inside. {GCC} p.15
sha kha ra sugar; ground sugar

sha kha rai ro taste of sugar
sha stag only; simply; merely; mere
sha rlon {PH}fresh meat

shangs {C}nsik {C}nose
shangs tsha akha {PH}conch shell

By blowing the conch shell three times, one should
strike the Dharma drums. Toh. 298
shangs shangs {PH}bird-men

shad perpendicular stroke ( | ) {PH}
{PH}only; simply; merely

sa skya pa rnams da
[punctuation mark]
dung yang ther ma smyug poi chos gos sha stag

gyon, Sakyapas still also only wear an outer robe
of brown wool. {GCC} p.14
sha stag du {PH}only; simply; merely

sha stag la only; simply; merely; mere
sha thang {PH}exhaustion
sha rdog {PH}chunk of flesh
sha pa aoka aoka tree{LG}
sha ba deer
sha sbrang {PH}biting insects
sha tshugs can {PH}fleshly
789
shad ma {PH}comb
shan kha ba {PH}Shankawa; [person from
shal ma ri
Shanka district]
shan cig byed rkyen
shas emphasis; very strong; powerful; much

shas che ba {MSA}utsadat (aty-); {MV}
{PH}
cooperative condition
shan pa {MSA}aurabhrika shepherd;
atiriktatara very strong; powerful; much; many;

a good deal
butcher
sham thabs [a nun or monks] lower
shas cher very strong; powerful; much;
garment
shai spyan {MSA}msa-cakus fleshly
many; a good deal
shas cher gyur pa {MV}adhimtrat
eye
shai mig {C}msa-cakus
very strong; powerful; much; many; a good
{C}fleshly
deal
shas ches very strong; powerful; much;
eye
shar east; eastern direction; eastern quarter

shar gyi sum skor ma
many; a good deal
shi
{PH}triple-circle eastern [front] channel at the

heart
shar sgom
{PH}Mountain of Iron
Weapons [Hell]
chi/ chi/ shi/ shi/ {MV}
maraa to die
shi nas ngan gror
bsgom
khyam tshul way/mode of wandering in a bad

transmigration upon dying
sgom bsgoms sgoms reflective meditation
shar ngos {PH}eastern side; eastern face

shi phos pa {C}cyuta {C}deceased;
fallen away from
shar chos {PH}Eastern Dharma [Successor
to the Throne of Ganden]
shi bi k {C}ibik {C}palanquin
shar nub kyi byer sbas eastern shig bshig shig
and western Upagupta{BJ 74.1}
shar phyogs eastern direction{D1}

shar ba tshar/ tshard/
shar/ shard/ {MSA}udra dawn; appear;

manifest; appearance {PH}dawn; appearance
don du shar ba appears as the meaning
shar bai snang ba
snang snang snang snang appearance which

dawns
Gan-den Monastic University
Prvavideha
shig pa rjes la
bshig shig bshigs/ shigs/ {C}bhinditva

loosen; destroy {C}having shattered
shar rtse Shar-tse (East Point) College of
shar la ancillary
shar lus phags po prva videha
bshigs/ shigs/ {C}ykila [imperative particle;

connective particle; often untranslatable:] a;7 to
loosen (knots) {PH}a; an; louse; lice {C}lice
[with negative: free from lice]; corrupt; deficient;
louse! sgron mer zung sig hold
[this] as a lamp
790
shig med par gyur
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}na ykila {C}

free from lice
shigs
bshig shig
bshigs/ shigs/ to loosen (knots); to destroy
shigs pa
bshig
shig bshigs/ shigs/ {MV}bhedyatva; {MSA}bhedya
(e.g.: abhedya) to destroy; to loosen (knots)
shing {MSA}vka; {C}druma; {L,MSA}
kha; {MSA}arai; {MSA}indhana; {MSA}dru

[connective particle indicating a participle; often
accompanying a participle (e.g., ... byas shing
= having done ...)]; tree; wood; stick{BJ 21.1}
{PH}wood; tree; stick
ljon shing gro bar snang bai dbang shes a
sense consciousness to which trees appear to move
shing kun asafoetida{D1}; fennel

shing skam poi me tog flower
shing rtai lam srol
{PH}way of a
charioteer
shing rtai srol
{PH}way of a
charioteer
shing rtai srol byed opener of
the chariot way{N} {PH}opener of the way of a

charioteer
shing thog a mra
{PH}mango fruit
ga zhig gis shing thog a mra mi gtsang bai nang

du lhung ba blangs pas Someone, having picked
up a mango fruit that had fallen into the filth, ...
of a dead tree
shing khun {PH}Liangzhou ()

shing mkhan {C}pala-gaa carpenter
{A4C-C}
shing drungs pa {C}vka-mlika
{C}
one who dwells at the foot of a tree
shing nags forest

shing pa na shai bras bu {C}
{C}mason
shing mkhan gyi slob ma {C}

palagaa-antevsin carpenters apprentice
{C}masons apprentice
panasa-phala {C}breadfruit
shing mkhan bzo bo {C}pala-gaa shing bal cotton

carpenter {C}mason
shing bal ltar {C}tla {C}like cottonwool
shing gi lcug ma vine{LWT 193}
shing gi phung po {MSA}dru-skandha shing bal da ba {L}tla-picu
cotton
pile of sticks/wood
shing bzo ba carpenter

shing las bgyis pa
shing gyi tshogs {C}dru-saghta

{C}wooden body; puppet moved by strings
shing ljon {LCh}vka {PH}tree

shing gnyis las me byung
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}drumay made

from wood {C}wooden
shing sal gyi

{MV}kha-dvaygni fire arising from two
sticks
sgon; shing sal bal gyi sgon {C}tla-picu cotton

{C}(a ball of) cotton wool
shing rta {LCh,MSA}ratha [wooden horse]; shing srin {PH}woodworm

chariot; opener of the chariot way [those who
shing a mrai bras bu {C}
clear off paths which have become overgrown,
e.g.: Ngrjuna, Asaga, Dzong-ka-ba]; cart
shing rta chen po mahratha
mra-phala {C}fruit of the Mango tree
shin lkog atyanta-paroka very hidden
{PH}
phenomenon
Mahratha [p.n.]
791
shin tu {C,TN,MSA}atyanta; {C}tyantik;
{MSA}su- (e.g.: su-dukhita); {MSA}-tara (e.g.:

bahu-tara); {C}para; {MSA}parama; {MV}
atyartha; {MSA}kma; {MSA}nikma; {MSA}
gha; {MSA}bha an intensifier: very;
exceedingly {C}supreme; utmost; outshines them
all; others; (the) other; another; foreign; beyond;
absolute; absolutely; infinite
shin tu dka bai las {MSA}su-
shin tu bsgoms
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {L}prabhvan

thoroghly cultivate/meditate
shin tu bsgoms pas
shin tu ngo tsha {MSA}atilajjan very
shin tu dkar {C}su-ukla very white

shin tu dkon {L}sudurlabha hard to
wonderful; very marvellous
shin tu snga ma zhig na very long
get/find/grasp; difficult to attain
shin tu lkog gyur {N}atyartha-
ago
paroka; su-paroka; {N,GD} atyantaparoka very hidden phenomenon; very

hidden phenomena {GD:747} thoroughly
hiddenDefinition: a phenomenon which an ordinary
being must definitely realize initially in dependence
upon a sign of belief

shin tu lkog gyur gyi
shin tu bsngags pa {MSA}

praasa highly praise; high praise
shin tu lci {C}guru-tara very heavy

{C}more violent (=serious?); more serious;
weightier
shin tu chung ba {C}atyalpa very

small
shin tu che ba {MSA}adhimtrat (e.g.:
gzhal bya; gzhal bya shin tu lkog gyur very

obscure objects of comprehension
apatya-sneha-adhimtrat) very great; very big
shin tu jam pa {C}su-kumra very
shin tu gus pa nyid {MSA}tivr
soft; very smooth {C}exceedingly tender; ever

youthful
gurut very respectful
shin tu gya nom pa {L}su-prata
shin tu jigs pa {L}atibhaya;
very auspicious very excellent; sublime
shin tu grims pa {C}su-sahatana
{MSA}bhru (ati-) very frightened
{C}firm and solid
shin tu rgyang ring bar {C}atidre

very far; very far away {C}far away; too far
away
shin tu rgyas pa {C,MSA}vaipulya
shin tu nye bar gnas pa {MV}

sprasthita very close abiding {T}
shin tu rnyed par dka {C}
durlabha difficult to gain; difficult to obtain/

attain; hard to get/find {C}rare
shin tu rtogs pa
very extensive; Very Extensive [Stras] {C}

extensive; Expanded Texts [i.e.; Mahyna stras];
abundance
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {C}supratividdha; {C}

sunicita well-realized; well-understood {C}
well-penetrated; to be well massed
very extensive discourses
alakratva very adorned
atyanta tad-bhvant through thoroughly

cultivating/meditating
dukara ... karman very difficult action
shin tu rgyas pai sde {L}vaipulya
shin tu brgyan pa {C}kta-
792
shin tu rtogs par byas nas
{L}supratividdha having realized well; having
understood well
passed beyond {C}gone beyond; more than;

shin tu stobs dang ldan pa
shin tu das pa {C}atikrnta
{C}balavattara(m) very powerful {C}more

strongly; ever more forceful
shin tu brtan pa {C}supratihita
very firm; very stable; p.n. of a Nga-king {C}

well-established
shin tu mthar phyin pa {C}
suparinihita; {L}parama-gatika well brought

to completion; well-finished foremost; {C}wellrounded-off
shin tu mthu dang ldan {C}
atikramya well passed beyond {C}past; passed

beyond; transcended; very transcendent; gone
beyond; surpassing; more than; overpowering; after
rising above; having passed beyond; beyond; passes
beyond all bounds
{MSA}sudukhita very miserable
shin tu mthong {C}sudaran (dev)

good-looking (gods)
shin tu mthong ba sudarana Great

Perception
shin tu dag pa completely pure

shin tu dag pai gnas {MV}
shin tu sdom {MSA}susavti very

concealed
shin tu bsdam pa {C}susavta

very concealed; well restrained; well bound
shin tu mnar ba
viuddhvasth very pure abode/place
{PH}very clear; utterly
pure
shin tu dri ma med pa ma yin

{MSA}ntinirmala not very stainless
shin tu bden {PH}very true

shin tu da bar bya ste {C}
mnar mnar mnard mnard {C}suparibhta
very tormented; very miserable; harm/torture/
torment very much {C}well-humbled
shin tu rnam dag {L}suviuddha

very pure
shin tu rnam dag pa {MSA}

siviuddha very pure
atikrmati well passed beyond {C}pass

beyond; pass by; go beyond; transcends; step above;
should pass above; passes above; move away from
shin tu das te {C}atikramya well

passed beyond {C}gone beyond; more than;
shin tu das nas {C}atikrnta well

shin tu das byas nas {C}
shin tu sdug bsngal gyur
balavattara(m) very powerful {C}more

strongly; ever more forceful
shin tu dang ba
well passed beyond {C}past; passed beyond;

transcended; very transcendent; gone beyond;
surpassing; more than; overpowering; after rising
above; having passed beyond; beyond; passes
beyond all bounds
793
shin tu rnam par grol ba
grol grold grol grold {L}
suvimukta; {C}suvibhakta very liberated; wellliberated/released {C}well emancipated; fully

delivered; well proportioned; well separated
shin tu rnam par nges pa {L}
suviniyata very definite; well ascertained; good

ascertainment well restrained/controlled; well
disciplined
shin tu rnam par nges
pai shes rab {MSA}suvinicita ... praj exalted

wisdom of good ascertainment
chi bar rtogs par mi gyur ba di ni shin tu byings

che ba ma yin te/ Someone who does not know
about death is not in the greater majority. {A4C-C}
siviuddhatva very pure
shin tu dben pa {C}sunigha very
atyanta-viuddhatva; {MSA}su-viuddha very

pure {C}absolute purity
shin tu sbyang dka ba {L}
shin tu rnam par dag {C}
isolated; very solitary place {C}well hidden;

well concealed
shin tu rnam par dag pa {C}
sudurjaya very difficult to overcome
shin tu rnam par dag par shin tu sbyang ba
sbyang sbyong sbyangs sbyongs {L}paryavadta

very clean; very pure
gyur {MSA}suviuddhi nigacchati very pure;

become very pure; is very pure
shin tu sbyangs pa
shin tu rnam byes {C}suvibhakta
prasrabdhi; {N}prarabdhi; {C}uttapta-haka; {C}

prama [very-practiced]; pliancy; flexibility;
serviceability; suppleness {C}finest burnished
(gold); polished away
gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {C}tkatara

very sharp {C}keener and keener
{C}well proportioned; well separated
shin tu rno bar gyur
shin tu spyangs pa {L,MV}
shin tu sbyangs pa che
shin tu spyangs pai lam {C}
shin tu sbyangs pai lam
prasrabdhi; {C}suparikarma-kta [verypracticed]; pliancy; flexibility; servicability;

suppleness; tranquillity {C}well-worked
tanuka ... prarabdhi great pliancy/flexibility/

serviceability/suppleness
prasrabdhi-mrga path of pliancy {C}path of

quiescience
{C}prarabdhi-mrga path of pliancy/flexibility/

serviceability/suppleness {C}path of quiescence
shin tu phyis pa {C}suvima well

wiped; erase well {C}well smoothed
shin tu phyogs par {L}abhimukha

face to face
shin tu phra mo {L}atiskma very

subtle
shin tu phags pa {C}udgata very

superior {C}lifted up
shin tu phel bar gyur {C}
gang
shin tu ma skyes pa {C}atyanta-
anupalambha (=atyanta-anutpannatva =
atyantatay-anutpannatvt) very non-produced
absolute non-apprehension
shin tu ma zhum pa
jum jums zhum zhums {C}atyantaanavalnat very non-discouraged/slack/weak/

timid/cowardly {C}cannot absolutely be cowed
shin tu mang po {C}subahu; {MSA}
bahutara very many however great it may be
utsada (=udgat) greatly increase {C}(over)

crowded; with prominences
shin tu bab col {PH}very confused

shin tu byings {PH}majority
shin tu med pa {TN}atyanta na vidyate

absolutely non-existent
shin tu mos pa
mos
mos mos mos {L}adhimukti very faithful; great
794
belief/faith/interest/inclination towards/zeal/
keenness firm resolve; resolve; resoluteness;
resolute faith; firm belief/conviction/faith
bltas sbyang sbyong sbyangs

sbyongs omen of pliancy
shin tu dman {MSA}sunihna very

inferior; very small
shin tu dman pa {MSA}mndya (ati-)

very inferior; very small
shin tu rtsings pa
shin tu rdzogs pa
{PH}very rough

sunipanna very complete/perfect
shin sbyangs; shin tu
sbyangs pa sbyang sbyong

sbyangs sbyongs prasrabdhi; prarabdhi [verypracticed]; pliancy; flexibility; servicability;
suppleness
shis pa auspicious
gang
shis pa ching ba the construction of whichever
[mudr] is auspicious {Dor 47a.2/ 277.2}
shis lugs mode of dispostion

shu bshu/ shu/ bshus/
shin tu zab {MSA}atigahana; {MSA}
parama-gahanatva very profound; very deep
shus/ to peel; to transcribe
shin tu gzi brjid dang ldan shug pa juniper tree

pa {C}tejovattaram very hot; very heated;
shugs {LCh,L,MSA}vega; {LCh}smarthya
very majestic {C}more energetically; ever more
vehement
shin tu bzang po {MSA}obhana-tara

very good; excellent
shin tu yangs pa {L}suvila very

wide; very extensive
force; strength; power; energy; implicit(ly){BJ

17.2} {PH}implicit(ly) impact; momentum;
agitation
shugs kyi taras implicit; implicitly

shugs kyi bsgrub byai chos
shin tu yun ring very long time

implicit predicate of the probandum
shin tu yun ring mor {C}suciram shugs kyis {N}taras implicitly;
for a very long time {C}for a good long time
through the force
shin tu yul chen {MSA}viaya-
shugs che stronger

shugs rtogs rtogs
sumahat very great object
shin tu ring {MSA}vidra (su-) very
rtogs rtogs rtogs implicit realization
shugs drag
long; very long time; very far
shin tu ring por {C}suciram for a
intense
very long time {C}for a good long time
shin tu gsal ba {C}suparivyakta; {L}

atispaa very clear; very bright very clear;
very clean; very distinct; {C}well distinguished
shin tu bsags pa {C}spacita well

accumulated; well composed {C}well collected
shin sbyangs skye bai snga
{PH}strong; great strength;
795
shugs
byung rang ris g.yas su khyil bai dung {PH}

self-arisen clockwise spiraling conch shell
shugs yul {GD:389} implicit object

shugs la implicitly; through the force
shugs la bstan
shel gyi sa gzhi {ntideva 10.7}
bstan ston bstand stond implicitly indicated{BJ

17.2}
sphika-kuima {PH}ground of inlaid crystal
shugs la gnas pai don the
shel dang bai d ra ya {MSA}

sphaika-vaidurya crystal and vaidurya
meaning implicitly abiding{DK 23.2}
shugs la shes known through the

force of ...{BJ 27.4}; implicitly known
shun {L}tvak skin; peel; hide; bark; name of

a river
shun pa tvak bark; skin; peel

shub bu whisper
shur pa {PH}juniper [incense]
shur shing {PH}juniper tree
shul tracks; trace; remains {PH}ruins;
selfish profits
shes dgos pa have to be known;

necessary to know; must be known
shes rgyud mental continuum

shes sgrib kun btags
shus/ peeled; to peel; to transcribe
she na iti cet if it is asked

shed bu {C,N}mnava child of manu{N}
gdags dogs btags/
{C}youth; young man
brtags thogs parikalpitajeyva-raa artificial

obstruction to omniscience
shed las skyes pa {C,N}manuja
shes sgrib kyi zag pa
born from manu{N} {C}man
sher praj wisdom

sher don meaning of the Perfection of
contamination which is an obstruction to

omniscience
shes sgrib rags pa
Wisdom Stras
{PH}coarse
obstructions to omniscience
sher mdo praj-pramit-stra
shes sgrib lhan skyes
Perfection of Wisdom Stras
brgya dang brgyad {PH}the one hundred and

eight innate obstructions to omniscience
sher phyin
shes
rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa prajpramit
perfection of wisdom
sher phyin gyi mdo praj-pramitstra Perfection of Wisdom Stras
shes {LCh}ja; {MV}jna; {C,MV}jat; {C}
shes kyi khe dod pa desire for
bshu/ shu/ bshus/
shel {C}sphaika; {L}svaccha crystal; glass
sphaika very clear crystal
vijyate; {C}saj; {C}prajnti; {MSA}boddh;

{MSA}vija; {MSA}(vi dh): vidhyate; {MV
3.4-5ab}gang shes nas = yaj-jnt to know;
cognition; consciousness (=shes pa); knowledge;
quote indicator (=shes bya ba) [follows
question; see also zhes and ces] {C}discern; be
understood; notion; perception
remains
In the ruins of the monasteries of ipatana and
Nland, ... {GCG}
shus
shel phreng {PH}crystal rosary

shel shin tu gsal ba {L}svaccha-
796
shes sgrib lhan
skyes sum cu rtsa drug {PH}the thirty-six innate

shes sgrib/ shes byai
sgrib pa {LCh}jeyvaraa obstructions to
discerned; follow; sagacity; known; cognized; is
declaredDefinition: clear and knowing
omniscience; obscurations of the knowable;

obstruction to omniscience; obstruction to
simultaneous cognition of all phenomena
Divisions: (1) sense cognition; (2) mental cognition
shes chal fractured intelligence;
shes pa skye ba med pa
scattered intelligence; intelligence gone astray
nonproduction of consciousness
shes nyon sgrib pa jeya-klea-
shes pa glo bur pa
varaa {PH}afflictive obstructions and

adventitious consciousness
shes pa brgyad
shes te {C}budhyati knows; cognize(s)
{PH}the eight
knowledges [of the path of seeing]
{C}understands
shes pa nyid jtat
shes dod chos can subject
{GD:592}
cognizedness, the aspect of perception aquired
when a precedingly unknown object becomes
known
sought to be known
shes dod chos can skyon
shes pa dang mtshungs
med faultless subject sought to be known
shes dod dang ston dod
par ldan pa {MSA}jna-saprayukta; {MSA}

jnena saprayukta associated with
consciousness/knowledge; concordance with
consciousness/knowledge
wish to know and wish to communicate
shes nas {C}jya having known;
shes pa brda sprod par
having cognized
shes nas dad pa thob pa
byed pa {L}jvykaraa expound [ones]

knowledge
{MSA}avetya-prasda-lbha obtain faith
shes pa rnam par gzhag
through knowledge {T}
shes nus can be known

shes rnam {GD:406} aspect as
pa {MV}jna-vyavasthna positing of
consciousness; posit consciousness {T}
shes pa po {MSA}jt; {C}jnaka; {C}
consciousness
jt; {C}ajnaka knower; cognizer {C}one

who cognizes; one who knows begetter; cannot be
known [with apayaka: one who does not know];
unknowable; does not generate anything; without a
cognizer
shes rnam sgom pa meditative

cultivation of the aspect of a subject [e.g.,
meditatively cultivating compassion]
shes pa {C}jat; {MSA,MV}jna; {C}
shes pa po ma mchis pa {C}
prajnti; {C}praj; {C}parijnti (=prajnti);

{C}prajnanat; {C}vijta; {C}vijnti; {C}
anvagacchati; {C}medh; {MSA}pratyavagama;
{MV}pratipatti; {MSA}yang dag shes pa =
satrita; {C}khyyati; vijna consciousness;
cognition; mind; knower; knowledge; to
know; realize; understand; cognize {PH}
knowledge {C}wisely knows; knows, in his
wisdom; comprehends wisdom; wise cognition;
is aware; becomes aware of; be aware of; known;
{PH}an
ajnaka non-knower; non-cognizer {C}cannot

be known [with apayaka: one who does not know];
unknowable; does not generate anything; without a
cognizer
shes pa ma lags pa {C}
ajnamna non-knowledge; non-cognition; not

know; not cognize {C}in his ignorance; which
cannot be cognized
797
shes pa med pa {C}ajnaka non-
are the same type of substantial entity
knowledge; non-cognition; not know; not cognize

{C}cannot be known [with apayaka: one who
does not know]; unknowable; does not generate
anything; without a cognizer; in his ignorance;
which cannot be cognized
shes pa tshad ma valid consciousness

shes pa yis dmigs
jnopalambhu (=jnena-upalambham?) object

of observation by consciousness; observed by
consciousness {C}through cognition a basis
shes pai kun rdzob
shes pai rnam pa bsgom

sgoms {MSA}jnkra-bhvana cultivation of/
meditation on the aspects of consciousness
shes pai rnam pa shes pa
prajnayitavyu; {C,MV}jeya; {C}vijyate;

{C,MV}vijeya; {MV}parijeya; {C}samanvharati
object of knowledge; know; will know; cognize;
will cognize {C}knows wisely; should be wisely
known; what they should know; what should be
known; cognizable; discern; be understood; distinct;
should be known; one should understand/discern;
discernible; his mind is impressed by; consider;
bring out; bear in mind; b
shes par bya bai gang

chen mtsho {C}jeyrava great ocean of
objects of knowledge {C}the flood of the
cognizable
shes par bya bai phyir {C}

avabodhya because of being an object of
knowledge {C}so that he may see through
nyid {C}jna-krat cognition of the aspects

of consciousness
shes par bya bar dod pa {C}
nigamayati (=pratipdayitukma) desire for

objects of knowledge {C}change the subject
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}jna-gocara

object of activity of consciousness; range of
consciousness; sphere of consciousness {C}

sphere of cognitive activity
shes pai mtshan nyid knowledge

characteristics
shes par dka {MSA}durjeya
shes par byao {C}samanvharati; {C}

jnayati one should know; you should know
{C}one should understand; must see through; one
should look through to; enable to know
shes par byas nas having

understood ...
shes par byed {C}vijpayati know;
difficult to know/cognize
shes par dka ba nyid {MSA}
cognize; understand {C}instructs; to intimate;

be used for communication
durjnat difficult to know/cognize
shes par gyur
pai ldog pa rigs gcig pa ldog

ldog ldogs ldogs consciousnesses which are the
same isolate type
shes par byed du bcug pa
{C}jpaka one who makes known {C}making

known; intimator
shes par byed du jug pa {C}

jpaka one who makes known {C}making
pai rdzas rigs gcig pa consciousnesses which
shes par bya {C}prajnayati; {C}
to be known
pratipatti-savti mental conventionalities
shes par gyur
know; cognize {C}understanding
shes par bya ba object to be known;
brdzab rdzob brdzabs rdzobs {MV}
shes pai spyod yul
shes par gyur ba {C}jnan
798
aspects of all objects of knowledge
known; intimator
shes pas ston pa
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}jnena dean

teach/demonstrate with knowledge {T}
shes bya thams cad yul
{MSA}sarva-jeya-viaya objects of all objects of

knowledge
shes pas srid la mi gnas
shes bya mtha yas pai yul
shes pas
shes bya ba jeya; iti object of
{MSA}ananta-jeya-viaya limitless object that

is an object of knowledge
not abiding in cyclic existence through

knowledge
srid la mi gnas pai gzhi shes {EO}prajay

bhavpratihita vastujna knower of bases
that does not abide in [the extreme of] mundane
existence due to knowledge; a knower of bases
that does not abide in [the extreme of] cyclic
existence through knowledge
knowledge; quote marker [follows question]
shes bya mi srid pa does not occur

among objects of knowledge{BJ 20.7}
shes pa; rnam shes jna/vijna

consciousness
shes pa; blo jna, buddhi cognition

shes bya {LCh,TN,MSA,MV}jeya; {C}
ucyate object of knowledge; knowable; should

be known {C}cognized; cognizable; knowable;
it is said; is spoken of; is called; one speaks of; is
expounded
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ bloi yul du bya rung ba Definition:
that which is suitable to be taken as an object of an
awareness
shes bya kun la mi thogs
shes bya yang dag rab

rnam byed {MSA}samyak-pravicayo jeya
correct, thorough differentiation of objects of
knowledge {T}
shes bya yongs su tshol ba
btsal tshol/tshel
btsal tshold {MSA}jeya-paryei thoroughly
investigate/examine/research objects of
knowledge
shes bya la phyin ci ma log

pa {MSA}jeyviparysa non-mistaken with
respect to objects of knowledge
shes bya la ma rmongs pa

{MSA}jnneyev asamha not obscured with

respect to objects of knowledge
{MSA}jeyev avyhata unobstructed with

regard to all objects of knowledge {T}
shes bya cig char snang shes bya la mi srid pa does not
bar byed pa snang snang snang
snang {MSA}jagaj-jeya-prabhsana; {MSA}
sakj-jagaj-jeya-prabhsana simulatneously
illuminates [all] objects of knowledge;
appearance of [all] objects of knowledge {T}
occur among objects of knowledge
shes bya la ye shes kyis

khyab pa {MSA}jeya-jna-vypta pervaded
by exalted wisdom with respect to objects of
knowledge
shes bya thams cad {L}sarva-jeya shes byai sgrib pa {LCh,L,MSA}

all objects of knowledge
shes bya
thams cad rnam pa thams cad du rtogs pa
jeya-sarvkra-bodha (sarva-) understand all
jeyvaraa obstructions to omniscience;

obstruction to omniscience obscurations of the
knowable
shes byai don spyi meaning
generality of an object of knowledge Def.:
799
that superiposed factor which, although not one
with object of knowledge, is apprehendedby the
conceptual consciousness apprehending object of
knowledgeto be one with object of knowledge
{T}
susamprajna introspective {C}fully conscious
shes rab {LCh,C,MSA,MV}praj
[know-highest]; wisdom insight; understanding;

knowledge
shes byai mtshan nyid
shes rab kyi go sgrub achieving
jeyalakaa character of objects of knowledge
through the armor of wisdom
shes byai yul {MSA}jeya-viaya
shes rab kyi rgyu nyid {MSA}
object that is an object of knowledge
praj-hetutva cause of wisdom
shes byed {C}vedaka revelatory; source;

scriptural source{BJ 21.4} {C}feeler; one who
experiences
shes rab kyi rtogs rigs su gnas pai rjes thob ye

shes rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs
wisdoms of subsequent attainment that abide as
wisdom-types of realization
shes byed kyi mdo dang
sbyar sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord

associating that with a stra source{BJ 21.4}
shes rab kyi stobs {MSA}praj-
shes byed kyi lung scriptural
bala power of wisdom; force of wisdom
shes rab kyi snang ba
snang snang snang snang {C}praj-loka
source{BJ 10.2}
shes byed du drangs cited as a
light of wisdom; appearance of wisdom
scriptural source{BJ 44.5}
shes rab kyi spyan {MSA}praj-
shes myur {C}kipra-ja quick
cakus eye of wisdom
knowledge; quick understanding; understand

quickly {C}bringing quick understanding
shes rab kyi pha rol
shes mdzad {C}jpaka make known;

one who makes known {C}intimator
shes bzhin {LCh,MV,MSA}saprajanya;
{C}samprajanyam; {C}samprajat introspection

{C}full awareness; self-possession
shes bzhin dang ldan pa {C}
samprajna having introspection; introspective

{C}self-possessed; clearly conscious
shes rab kyi
shes bzhin du {MSA}jtv (e.g.:

a-jtv) introspective(ly)
shes bzhin ma yin pa

asaprajanya non-introspection
shes bzhin med pa {C}asampraja
non-introspection {C}unaware of what he does
shes bzhin rab tu ldan {C}

tu phyin pa brgyad stong pai bshad pa mngon par

rtogs pai rgyan gyi snang ba
snang snang snang snang aa-shasrik-prajpramit-vykhyna-abhisamaylakra-loka
Illumination of [Maitreyas] Ornament for
Clear Realization, an Explanation of the Eight
Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom by
Haribhadra (seng ge bzang po), P. 5189, vol. 90
pha rol tu phyin pa gnyis stong lnga brgya pa/ rab

kyi tshal gyis rnam par gnon pas zhus pa/ srdhadvishasrik-praj-pramit / suvikranta-vikramiparipccha Two Thousand Five Hundred Stanza
Perfection of Wisdom Stra, P. 736, vol. 21
shes rab
kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong phrag brgya pa
800
ata-shasrik-praj-pramit One Hundred
Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom Stra, P.
730, vol. 12
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa stong
shes rab kyi
pha rol tu phyin pa; sher phyin prajpramit

Perfection of Wisdom
phrag nyi shu lnga pai man ngag gi bstan bcos

mngon par rtogs pai rgyan gyi grel pa
paca-viati-shasrik-praj-pramitopadeastrbhisamaylakra-vtti Commentary on
Treatise of Quintessential Instructions on the
Twenty-five Thousand Stanza Perfection of
Wisdom [by ryavimuktasena (phags pa grol
sde); P5185, vol. 88]
/ /
shes rab kyi phar phyin / shes rab
pha rol phyin pa / shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa

perfection of wisdom
shes rab kyi phar rol tu
phyin pa prajpramit Perfection of Wisdom
shes rab kyi phung po {MSA}

praj-skandha aggregation of wisdom
shes rab kyi dbang po {MSA}
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa sdud pa tshigs su

bcad pa bsdu sdud bsdus sdus
sacaya-gth-praj-pramit Condensed
Perfection of Wisdom Stra, P. 735, vol. 21
prajendriya power of wisdom; faculty of

wisdom
shes rab kyi sbyin pa {MSA}
shes rab kyi pha
praj-dna giving of wisdom
shes rab kyi tshogs sgrub
rol tu phyin pai snying po {C}praj-pramithdaya Essence/Heart of the Perfection of

Wisdom Stra
achieving through the collection of wisdom
shes rab kyis tsho ba {MSA}
shes rab kyi pha
praj-jvaka (jv) living through wisdom;

livelihood by means of wisdom {T}
rol tu phyin pai mdo praj-pramit-stra

Perfection of Wisdom Stras
shes rab

shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pai
man ngag gi bstan bcos mngon par rtogs pai

rgyan ces byai grel pa; grel pa don gsal
abhisamaylakra-nma-praj-pramitopadeastra-vtti / spuhrtha Commentary on
Treatise of Quintessential Instructions on
the Perfection of Wisdom / Clear Meaning
Commentary [by Haribhadra (seng ge bzang
po), P5191, vol. 90]
shes rab kyi pha
rol tu phyin pa; sher phyin sher phyin

{C,MSA}praj-pramit perfection of wisdom
{C}perfect wisdom
801
kyis tsho ba dang legs par bshad pa {MSA}

praj-jva-sudeana living and explaining well
through wisdom {T}
shes rab gyi tshogs
prajsabhra; jnasabhara collection of

wisdom
shes rab mgyogs pa {C}javanapraj quick wisdom rapid wisdom; {C}swift

wisdom
shes rab can {MSA}prja wise;

having wisdom
shes rab che ba {L}mah-praj;
wisdom
{MSA}mah-prjatva great wisdom
shes rab chal pa {MSA}dupraj

deficient wisdom; foolish
shes rab chal ba {C}dupraj;
{C}upya-prajo {C}skilled in wisdom(?)
shes rab rnam par mi rtog

nyid {MSA}prajvikalpik non-conceptual
wisdom
{C}daupraj deficient wisdom; foolish; faulty

knowledge {C}weak in wisdom; stupid(ity)
shes rab rno ba {C}tka-praj
shes rab chal bai
sharp wisdom {C}keen wisdom
rang bzhin can {C}duprajajtya having

a foolish nature{S} {C}weak in wisdom;
essentially stupid
shes rab pha rol tu phyin pa

{L}praj-pramit perfection of wisdom
shes rab pha rol phyin sbyor
shes rab
chal bar gyur ba dang mthun pa {C}duprajasavartanya concordant with deficient wisdom
{C}conducive to weakness in wisdom
{PH}application of the perfection of wisdom
shes rab dbang bskur
shes rab nyams pa {MSA}praj-
{PH}
wisdom initiation
shes rab byung gnas blo
parihi inferior wisdom; deficient wisdom
gros prajkaramati Prajkaramati [p.n]
shes rab nyon mongs pa can
shes rab sbyangs pa
*kliapraj afflicted intelligence

{MSA}prajottpanat purification of wisdom;
purification through wisdom {T}
shes rab mnyam pa sama-praj

sameness of wisdom; equal in wisdom
shes rab myur ba {C}u-praj
shes rab mnyam pa med pa

{C}asama-praj non-sameness of wisdom;
unequal in wisdom {C}unequalled in wisdom
quick wisdom
shes rab mtshon
shes rab tu
{PH}weapon of
wisdom
shes rab zab pa gambhra-praj
yongs su bsngos pai sgo nas {MSA}prajy

parimant from the viewpoint of dedicating/
dedication to wisdom {T}
deep wisdom; profound wisdom
shes rab yangs pa {C}pthu-praj
shes rab brtan {C}praj-dhra
{C}extensive wisdom; vast wisdom
stable wisdom; firm wisdom; firm in wisdom
shes rab ye shes kyi dbang
shes rab thabs dang ldan
prajjnbhieka knowledge-wisdom
initiation
pa {MSA}praj ... upya-sahit having the

methods of wisdom; having wisdom and method
shes rab yongs su dag pa
shes rab thar pa prajmoka
{MSA}praj-pariuddhi very pure wisdom
Prajmoka [p.n.]
shes rab la ni mi rtog pa
shes rab dang ldan pa {C}
{MSA}nikalpan prajym non-conceptual

wisdom
prajvat; {MSA}praj-yoga wise; having

wisdom; endowed with wisdom {C}gifted with
shes rab ldan de mnyam nyid
802
shes rab shin tu rnam
gshin rje gshed

grol grold {C}suvimukta-praja {C}well-freed
and wise
dmar nag gzigs red and black Yamris
gshin rjei jig rten {C}yamaloka {C}world of Yama
shes gsum {MSA}tri-jna three
gshin rjei jig rten pa {C}
knowledges
yama-laukika {C}beings in the world of Yama
sho dice
gshib bshib/
sho byed pa playing dice{TGP 77}
gshib/ bshibs/ gshibs/ align
sho lo ka stanza
gshibs
bshib/ gshib/ bshibs/ gshibs/ align
shog [particle indicating the optative:] may it
gshis basic disposition
be; come [imperative of ong]
shog gyar {PH}page fragment
gshis kyi gnas lugs
rgya dpe shog gyar zhig single page
dispositional mode of subsistence
fragment of an Indian text {GCG} p.28/48
shog bu paper
shob be lie; speak falsely
shob be mchigs tags be false;
be in error
shob be lte lie; speak falsely

shom to prepare; arrange [as in to arrange
offerings]
shos #NAME? the other of two; [superlative

particle]
shr r [transliteration of Sanskrit wordr]

glorious; glory; fortune
gshis lugs mode of disposition; basic

disposition{BJ 22.1}
gshis lugs su grub pa
establishment as [an objects own] mode of

disposition
gshe
gshe/ gshe/
gshes/ gshes/ {C}kroeyu to scold; abuse;
blame {T} {C}would abuse
gshe ba {C}kroati; {MSA}kroana
gshe ba la slar mi gshe ba

{MSA}krupratykroana to not abuse in
return for abuse {T}
{PH}rpduka (enormous
footprint of the Buddha in r Lanka)
gshegs
{PH}bottom;
underneath
[He] saw many [texts on which] Atias name was
written at the bottom. {GCG}
gshegs pa
shr p du ka
gshegs/ gshegs/ gshegs/ gshegs/ {C}gamana

proceed; go; go away; depart; travel; to come
{C}going (to); motion; pursue; walk
gsham barren; sterile

gshegs/ gshegs/ gshegs/ gshegs/ gamana;
gshin rje dgra yamri Yamri; {T}
{MSA}mthar thug par gshegs pa = nih-gamana

go; go away; depart; travel; to come
enemy of the Lord of Death
gshin rje gshed yamntaka; yamri

Yamntaka; Yamri
{C}
abuse
803
gsher ba moistening
shlo ka loka {PH}stanza
gshom pa
bsham/ gshom/ bshams/ gshoms/ to arrange [as in

to arrange offerings]; to prepare
gshor parua rough

bshags
gshags/ chags/ bshags/ chags/ {MSA}so sor

bshags pa = pratidean confessed; conferred;
revealed; lay open; explain; confess
bshad pa dag ni kun tu

byung {MSA}deany samudbhava the
source of explanations; explanations are the
source {T}
bshad pa la concerning the exposition

...
bshags pa dean confession;
bshad pa la zhugs pa
disclosure
bshang ba feces
bshad {C}upadia; {MSA}deana (e.g.:
deany prayukta engage in explanation;

enter into explanation {T}
dharmrtha- deana); {C}deayati; {C,MV}deita;

(vy khy): {MSA}vykhyta; {MSA}vykhyeya;
{C}bhate (=bhate); {C}ukta; {C}ucyate;
{C}prokta; {C}udita; {C}smta; {MV}(vi dh):
vidhyate; {MSA}yang dag bshad = saprak
explanation; exposition; explain; set forth;
explicate {C}teaches; speaks; says; declares;
pointed out; described; (has been) called; spoken of;
one speaks of; said; (as) taught; it is said; is called;
is expounded; laid down; indicated; experienced;
has been said; is taught; said to be; explained;
demonstrat
bshad dgos pa {MV}vaktavya must
bshad pai skabs {MSA}
deandhikra the occasion of explaning {T}
bshad pai rgyud Explanatory

Tantra [the second of the Four (Medical)
Tantras]
bshad pai chos {MSA}deandharma the doctrine which is explained;

doctrines which explain {T}
bshad pai bras bu

ni rnam pa brgyad {MSA}aa-vidha deany
phala the fruit of explaining has eight aspects
{T}
bshad pai bras bu
explain
bshad du cung zad kyang
rnam par dbye ba {MSA}dean-phala-vibhga

differentiating/dividing the fruit of explanation
{T}
med do {MSA}na kicid vykhyeya not even

explain a little
bshad par gyur pa {MSA}nirdea-
bshad pa (di): {MSA}deana; {MSA}
bhta explain; expound; set forth
dean; {C,MSA}deita; {MV 5.23}upadia;

{MV,MSA}nirdea; {C}vykhyt; {MV}vykhy;
{MSA}khytat (e.g.: svkhytat); {MV}
samudhta; {MSA}kathita; {MSA}vda (e.g.:
gbhryaudrya-vda); {MSA}vihita (e.g.: yuktivihita); {MS explanation; exposition; explain;
set forth; explicate {C}announcement; stirred;
said to be; driven along; demonstrated
kha dog dkar dmar
sogs kyi rnam bzhag bshad pa la with respect to
the explanation of the presentation of colors, white,

red, and so forth
bshad par bya {C}prakitavya will
explain; object of explanation {C}should reveal
bshad par zad {C}udita
{C}
indicated; experienced; has been said; is spoken of;
is taught; said to be; explained
bshad bya {C}bhyamna; {MSA}deya
object of explanation; what is to be explained{BJ

38.5} {C}(is) being taught
804
bshu
bshad sbyar {LCh}upanibandhana a
bshad zin to {MV 5.27ab}ukta
bshul journey; roadway; {T} passageway

bshus bshu/ shu/
(already) explained
bshad lung rational consciousness that
bshus/ shus/ to peel; to transcribe
has found the ultimate upon analysis; readingtransmission
bsham

bsham/ gshom/ bshams/ bshoms/ to arrange [as in
to arrange offerings]; to prepare; set up
bsham pa

bsham/ gshom/ bshams/ bshoms/ to arrange [as in
to arrange offerings]; to prepare; set up
gsham gsal ltar
{PH}as clarified
below [in the text]

nga roi rnam pai mtshon rtags ni
gsham gsal ltar ro; The indicating sign of the tone
is as clarified below. {TBRC} W20229 vol. 2; p.2
bshams
bsham/ gshom/ bshams/ bshoms/ {C}yojayati

layout; to arrange; arrangement; to prepare
{C}apply oneself to; yoked to; distribute (evenly);
join up (with)
bshes gnyen lta bui

sems bskyed mind-generation like spiritual
guide
bshes gnyen pa {C}sambandhin
[friend-relative]; spiritual friend; spiritual guide

{C}relative
bshes gnyen mi ldan {MV}
Friendly Letter, by Ngrjuna (klu sgrub), P.

5682, vol. 129
bshig pai stong pa an emptiness

which destroys
gshin rje dmar nag gi rgyud

{PH}Raktayamari Tantra
bshib/
gshib/ bshibs/ gshibs/ align
gshog rlabs {PH}wing movement

bshor bristly
bshol ba la chags pa {MSA}
vilambana-sakti attachment to idleness;
attachment to procrastination {T}
bshang gci {GST} vi-mtra
{PH}feces
and urine
bsha ri
{PH}slaughterhouse
Just as cattle in
a slaughterhouse are equals with regard to death, ...
{A4C-C}
bshib/ gshib/ bshibs/ gshibs/ align
gshis drang
{PH}honest nature
It is said, even, that
the people of the Phenpo region have an honest
nature. {GCG}
{C,L,MSA}mitra [friend-relative]; spiritual

friend; spiritual guide {PH}virtuous friend;
spiritual teacher {C}friend; teacher
bshes pa {MSA}mitra friend

bshes pai spring yig suhllekha
gzhig jig bshig

shigs/ {C} bhinditva destroy {C}having
shattered [with rjes la]
bshibs
gshe ba po {PH}abusive person

bshes mitra friend
bshes gnyen {LCh}kalyna-mitra;
mitrasya vaidhurya without a spiritual friend
bshig
bshib
bshu/ shu/ bshus/
shus/ to peel; to transcribe
connected explanation
805
bshar sgom
{PH}reviewing meditation;
production on the eighth ground{BJ 58.5}
sa brgyad pa ba {PH}an eighth

bshas ra {PH}slaughterhouse
grounder
sa {C,MSA,MV}bhmi; {LCh,C,MSA,MV}pthiv; sa lnga pa ba {PH}a fifth grounder
{C,MV}bh; {C}dharai; {C}dhara-tala earth;
sa lnga ba {PH}fifth ground/level
ground; level; stage; land; place; spot; degree
{C}solid ground; place of birth; surface of the earth
sa gcod arrange
rigs pai sa ground of the lineage
brgyad pai sa ground of the eighth
sa bcad contents; outline
mthong pai sa ground of seeing
sa bcu {MSA}daa-bhmi ten grounds
Definitions:
glance meditation
mtshan nyid/ 1 byung bar gyur pai reg bya

nang tshan du gyur pai sa/ sra zhing thas pa/ 2 sa lam
gnyis kyi nang tshan du gyur pai sa/ rang gi bras bur
gyur pai yon tan du mai gzhi rten byed pai lam zhugs
kyi mngon rtogs/ Def.: (1) (ground that is within the
set of tangible objects that are elements:) hard and

obstructive; (2) (ground that is within the set of the
two, grounds and paths:) a clear realizer of one who
has entered a path which serves as the basis of the
many
dbye ba/ 1 rab
Divisions:
tu dga ba/ 2 dri ma med pa/ 3 od byed pa/ 4 od

phro ba/ 5 sbyang dka ba/ 6 mngon du gyur pa/ 7
ring du song ba/ 8 mi g.yo ba/ 9 legs pai blo gros/
10 chos kyi sprin/ Div: 1. Very Joyful (pramudit),
2. Stainless (vimal), 3. Luminous (prabhkar),
4. Radiant (arcimat), 5. Difficult to Overcome
(sudurjay), 6. Manifest (abhimukh), 7. Gone
Afar (dragama), 8. Immovable (acal), 9. Good
Intelligence (sdhumat), 10.
sa kun las ni nges par byung sa bcu khyab pa {MSA}daa-bhmi byung byung byung byung
vypana pervade the ten grounds; ten pervasive

grounds
{MSA}bhmi-vinista (sarva-) definitely arisen

from all grounds/levels
sa bcu gcig {MSA}ekdaa bhmaya

sa skya Sa-kya; Sa-gya (White Earth) Order eleven
grounds; (as short for sa bcu gcig pa)
eleventh ground
sa skya pa {PH}Sakyapa (i.e.; Sakya
Paita)
sa bcu pa (=daa-bhmika-stra); {MSA}
daa-bhmika; {MSA}daam-bhmi; {MV}daam;
sa dgu pa {MV}navam ninth grounder
{MV}daamy bhmau tenth ground; ten
sa dgu pa ba {PH}a ninth grounder
grounds; tenth grounder; the Stra on the Ten
Grounds
sa dgu ba {PH}the ninth ground
sa bcu pa ba {PH}a tenth grounder
sa sgrogs ris {LCh}kaurukullaka;
kurukulla Kurukulla
sa bcui mi mthun phyogs
{MV}daa-bhmi-vipaka discordant class of the
sa brgyad pa {MSA}aam ... bhmi;
ten grounds
{MV}aam; {MV}aamy bhmau the eigth

ground; eigth grounder
sa brgyad par mi skye bai chos la bzod pa
forbearance with respect to the doctrine of non-
806
sa chu me {PH}earth; water; and fire

sa chu me rlung nam mkha
{PH}earth; water; fire; wind; and space
sa thob pa
earth
sa dag ni gnas pa zhes
ground; great earth {PH}great ground; vast

earth {C}earth; (solid) ground
sa dang po {MSA}prathama bhmi;

thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}bhmi-lbha
attain a ground/level
sa chen {PH}great ground; vast earth

sa chen khyon {PH}extent of this vast
byao {MSA}bhmayo vihr ity ucyanante

grounds are called abodes ? {T}
sa chen po {C}(mah-)pthiv great
sa chen po la zhugs pa
{L}pratham-bhmi; {MSA}di-bhmi;
prathamabhmi first ground; first [Bodhisattva]
ground
mah-bhmi-pravia enter into a great ground/

level
sa mchog {MSA}agra-bhmi supreme
bhmau on the first ground
level/ground
sa ji ltar
rnam par bzhag pa bzhin yid la byed pa {MSA}
yath-vyavasthpita-bhmi-manasikra mental
application of a ground just as it is presented/
according to the presentation {T}
sa gnyis {MSA}bhmi-dvaya two levels/

grounds; second level/ground
sa gnyis pa
sa drug pa {PH}the sixth ground

sa drug pa ba {PH}a sixth grounder
sa drug pai bar {MSA}ah bhmi
ground
sa drug po dag {MV}asu bhmiu
nas bzung ste drug pai bar du {MSA}dvity

bhmim updya yvat ahy ranging from
the second ground to the sixth {T}
all six grounds; the six grounds; six grounds ?

{T}
{PH}a second
grounder
sa btags pa ba {PH}imputed ground

sa lta bui sems bskyed mindgeneration like earth
sa steng on the ground; above the ground

sa ston pa bstan ston
sa gdan rug
sa bdag earth-owner spirits
sa bdun pa {MSA}sapta-bhmi; {MSA}
saptam ... bhmi seventh ground; seventh
grounder
sa bdun pa ba
{PH}a seventh
grounder
sa bdun pai bar du {MV}yvat
bstand stond {LCh}mahsaka Mahsaka
saptamy bhmau up to the seventh ground
{C}kovidra tree
prathama-bhmi-pravea enter into the first

ground
sa drug po {MSA}a ... bhmi sixth
second ground/level; second grounder
sa brtol {C}kovidra
sa dang po la jug pa {MSA}
(yvat-) up to the sixth ground
sa gnyis pa {MSA}dvitya ... bhmi
sa gnyis pa ba
sa dang po pa {PH}a first grounder

sa dang po la {MV}prathamy
807
sa rdul {L}pthiv-rajas particle of earth;
place; at one place
particle of dust
sa sde Asangas Five Treatises on the
sa phyogs sai phyogs {C}
Levels{BJ 36.7}
pthiv-pradea place in an area {C}spot of

earth; place
dbye ba/ 1 rnal
Divisions:
byor spyod pai sa/ 2 gtan la dbab pa bsdu ba/

3 gzhi bsdu ba/ 4 rnam grang bsdu ba/ 5 rnam
par bshad pa bsdu ba/ nyan thos kyi sa/ rang
sangs rgyas pai sa/ Div.: (1) Levels of Yogic
Practice (yogcrya-bhmi); (2) Compendium
of Ascertainments (niraya-sagraha); (3)
Compendium of Bases (vastu-sagraha); (4)
Compendium of Enumerations (paryya-sagraha);
(5) Compendium of Explanations (vivaraasagraha); may
sa ni mthar thug pa {MSA}bhmi sa gnon [earth-press]; earth-witness
collected as seeds; seed-collection
sa bon debs par byed
gdab debs btab thobs {MSA}

bja ... avaropayati (ava ruh) plant seed
sa bon mi rung {C}abja unfit seeds;
unsuitable seed {C}a seed which is not a proper

seed
sa bon med pa nyid {MSA}
sa bon gzhan du gyur pa
[mudr]
sa rnam par bzhag pa {MSA}
{MSA}bja-parvtti transformation of a seed;

changeable seed
sa bla above the ground

sa rba sarva [transliteration of Sanskrit
bhmi-vyavasthna presentation of a ground

{T}
sa rnams kun la
mnyam pa med {MSA}asama sarva-bhmiu

dissimilarity among/with respect to all levels/
grounds
wordsarva]; all
sa ma dag pa {MSA}auddha-bhmika
impure ground
sa rnams bsgom pa
sa ma ya samaya [transliteration of
dang grub pa bsgom sgom

bsgoms sgoms {MSA}bhmnm bhvan ca
nipatti ca cultivate and establish the grounds
Sanskrit wordsamaya] pledge; rite; vow
sa mang po pa
{PH}Many Levels
[chapter of Asagas Actuality of the Grounds]
sa rnams gnas pa yin {MSA}
sa mi g.yo ba la sogs
vihra-bhmi abide in the grounds/levels; the

grounds/levels are an abode
pa gsum {MSA}acaldi-bhmi-traya the three

grounds, the Immovable and so forth
sa pa {MSA}bhauma grounder; one on a
sa min {C}abhmi non-ground; no ground
ground {T}
sa phyogs {LCh}pradea [earth-
{C}no ground for
sa mtshams {N}sma boundary; limit
direction]; quarter; area; region; a place{D2}
bsdu sdud bsdus sdus {MV}bja-saghta
abjatva; {MSA}nirbjatva non-seed;

seedlessness; non-existence of a seed
paryavasna final ground
sa phyogs zhig na in a certain
sa bon {LCh,TN,MSA,MV}bja seed

sa bon du bsdus pa
808
sa tshams {PH}boundaries
sa zhag {C}parpaa {C}dust
sa gzhi bhmi [earth-base]; earth; place;
exertion with respect to a ground/level
sa la ma zhugs pa
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {MSA}abhmipravi not enter into a ground/level
sa la btsugs

sa la gzugs/ dzugs/ btsugs/ tshugs/
site; ground {PH}place; site; base
sa gzhi dag
{PH}all places; surface of
kneel
the earth
sa gzhi gtsang ma {PH}pure ground sa la dzugs

sa bzhi pa ba {PH}a fourth grounder
kneel
sa bzhi po la yang dag
sa la zhugs pa
brten {MSA}catur-bhmi-samrita depending
upon the fourth ground; based on the fourth
ground
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {MSA}bhmi-pravia

enter into a ground/level
sa la gzugs

sa bzhi ba {PH}the fourth ground/level

sa bzang pa {MSA}su-bhmi good
kneel
sa lam bhmimrga grounds and paths;
ground; proper ground; {T} wholesome ground
sa og below the ground; {T} lower ground

s lai dbang poi
sa yi steng {PH}on the ground; on the
rgyal po byung ba *slendra-rjcra {PH}
Grounds and Paths
earth
Slendra-rjcra
sa yi og {MSA}ptla below the ground sa las {C}medin from the ground; from
the earth {C}(out of the) earth
sa yis within the level
sa las nges par byung ba
sa yongs su grub pa {MSA}
bhmi-parinipatti thoroughly established
ground/level
sa rab tu dga ba {MSA}pramudit

... bhmi the Very Joyful ground
sa la {C}dhara-tala on the ground; on the

earth {C}surface of the earth
sa la jug pa {MSA}bhmi-pravea
sa la gnas te {C}pthiv-sthita abide
byung byung byung byung {MSA}pthiv
sabht arise from the ground; arisen from

the earth
{C}rice,
etc.
sa le brilliant
sa le sbram {C}jtarpa
in a ground/level; abide in the earth {C}in the

earth
sbyar
silver(?)
sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}bhmi-prayoga
sa las byung ngo
s lu la sogs {C}likde
enter into a ground/level
sa la sbyor ba
nyid byung byung byung

byung {MSA}bhmi-nirytatva definitely arisen
from a/the ground; definite arising from a/the
level/ground
809
{C}gold;
sa shes pa {MSA}bhmi-sarakaa
bstan ston bstand stond {MSA}buddhabimba-nidaraka definitely display the body of a

Buddha
knowledge of a ground/level; cognition of a
ground/level
sangs
sa srung elephant
sa gsum {MSA}bhmi-traya the three
rgyas kyi khor gyi dkhyil khor gyi nang du

{MSA}buddha-paran-maala-madhye within a
maala that is around a Buddha
levels
Divisions: dbye ba/ sa og

sa bla/ sa steng / Divisions: (1) below the ground;
(2) above the ground; and (3) on the ground
sa gsum pa {PH}third ground/level

sa gsum pa ba {PH}a third grounder
sa bsregs {PH}burning ground
swa sti svasti [transliteration of Sanskrit
sangs rgyas kyi go phang
{N}buddha-pada buddhahood{N}; {T} state of

buddhahood
sangs rgyas kyi dgongs pa
{MSA}buddhaya Buddhas thought; thought

of Buddha
sangs rgyas kyi ngo bo nyid

{MSA}buddhn svabhva entityness of (a)
Buddha
wordsvasti] well being
sangs rgyas kyi chos {L,MSA}
swa ra swa sti Svarasvat; Sarasvat

sag sgam {PH}leather box
sag shubs ma {PH}leather case
sang nge pristine; immaculate
sang nyin tomorrow
sangs rgyas buddha; {C}jina; {C}
buddha-dharma Buddha-doctrines; qualities of a

Buddha; Buddha-qualities
sangs rgyas kyi chos dang brel bai gtam zer
bar dod pa {C}buddha-skathya kartukma

desire to teach in connection with the Buddhadoctrine {C}one who wants to explain the
Dharma as only a Buddha can do
sangs rgyas kyi bstan pa
bauddha; {MSA}vibuddha [awakened-spread];

Buddha {C}Buddhist(s)
sangs
buddha-sana Buddha-teaching; Buddhas

teaching(s)
rgyas kyi dkhyil khor rnams su skye ba {MSA}

buddha-paran-maaleu cotpatti arise in the
maalas of Buddhas
sangs rgyas kyi mthu {MSA}
sangs rgyas kyi bka {L,MSA}
buddhnubhva force of a Buddha; power of a

Buddha
buddha-vacana Buddha-word; teaching of

Buddha
sangs rgyas kyi gdung
buddha-kya; {C}buddha-vigraha; {C}buddhakya-gata body of a Buddha {C}Buddhaframe; for the body of a Buddha
sangs rgyas kyi bde bar
sangs rgyas kyi sku {MSA,C}
sangs rgyas
kyi sku nges par ston par mdzad pa
mi gcod pa {MSA}buddha-vanupaccheda
not cut off the Buddha-lineage
gnas pa {MSA}buddha-sukha-vihra abide in

the bliss of a Buddha
810
sangs rgyas kyi
sangs rgyas kyi mdzad pa
rnam par rol pas rtse bar {C}buddha-vikrita

{C}a Buddhas sport
{C,MSA}buddha-krya; {MSA}buddhakryatva
activity of a Buddha; action of a Buddha;
Buddha-action; {T} deeds of a Buddha {C}a
Buddhas work
sangs rgyas kyi spyan {C,MSA}

buddha-cakus Buddha-eye; eye of a Buddha
sangs rgyas kyi phrin las
Buddha activity
sangs rgyas kyi mdzad pa lhun gyis grub pa rgyun

mi chad pa chad chad chad
chad {MSA}anbhogpratiprasrabdha-buddhakryatva uninterrupted continuum of the
spontaneous activities of a Buddha
sangs rgyas kyi
phrin las chen po nyid {MSA}buddha-karmamahattva great activities of a Buddha; {T}

greatness of the activities of a Buddha
sangs rgyas kyi zhing {L,C,MSA}
sangs rgyas kyi bya ba {C}
buddha-ketra Buddha field; Buddha-land
buddha-krya a Buddhas work
sangs rgyas kyi od {MSA}buddha-
sangs rgyas kyi byang chub
prabh light of a Buddha; Buddha-light
{L}buddha-bodhi enlightenment of a Buddha
sangs rgyas kyi yum Mother of
sangs rgyas kyi dbyings
Buddha
Buddha element
sangs rgyas kyi yul {C}buddha-
sangs rgyas kyi dbyings sam dbyings kyis sangs

rgyas Buddha element or elemental Buddha
sangs rgyas kyi tshul {C}buddha-
netr mode of a Buddha; way of the Buddha(s);

guide of Buddha(s) {C}she who is guide of the
Buddhas
viaya sphere of a Buddha; area of a Buddha;

object of a Buddha {C}(the) domain of the
Buddha(s)
sangs rgyas kyi ye shes
{C,MSA}buddha-jna exalted wisdom of a

Buddha
sangs sangs rgyas kyi ye shes

rgyas kyi tshul rgyun mu chad pai phyir bzhugs pa
{C}buddha-netry akyavacchedya pratipanna
{C}make progress so that she who is the guide of
the Buddhas should suffer no interruption
sangs rgyas kyi mtshan nyid
sangs rgyas kyi yon tan
{C,MSA}buddha-gua Buddha-quality; the

qualities of a Buddha
{MSA}buddha-lakaa characteristics of a
Buddha
sangs rgyas kyi yon tan phun sum tshogs pa dang

ldan pa {C}buddha-gua-sampat-pratisayukta
having the marvellous qualities of a Buddha;
having the perfection of Buddha-qualities {C}
associated with the achievement of the qualities of
a Buddha
sangs
rgyas kyi mtshan med pai jig rten gyi khams
{MSA}buddha-nma-virahita ... loka-dhtu
worldly realm that lacks the signs of a Buddha
sangs rgyas kyi mdzad {C}
sangs rgyas kyi rang gi ngo
buddha-kriya activity of a Buddha; action of a

Buddha; Buddha-action; {T} deeds of a Buddha
kyi stobs {C}buddha-jna-bala power of the

exalted wisdom of a Buddha
bo {PH}Buddha-nature
811
sangs rgyas kyi rigs

buddhagotra Buddha lineage
sangs rgyas kho na la yod pai thun mong ma yin

pa stobs unshared powers that exist only in
Buddhas
sangs rgyas kyi rigs can
{MSA}buddha-gotra having the Buddha-lineage
sangs rgyas rgyal sras {MSA}
sangs rgyas kyi las {MSA}
buddha-jintmaja child of the Conqueror

Buddha
buddhn karma(n) activities of a Buddha
sangs rgyas kyi sa {MSA,C}buddha- sangs rgyas gcig {MSA}ekabhmi Buddha ground; level of a Buddha;
Buddha-ground
buddhatva one Buddha; a Buddha
sangs rgyas kyi sras buddha-putra

child of the Buddha; Buddha-child
sangs rgyas kyi sras kyi mchog nyid du legs
sangs
rgyas gcig pa nyid dang du ma nyid ma yin {MSA}

buddhnekatvpthaktva oneness and plurality of
Buddha(s)
sangs rgyas bcom ldan
das gzhom joms bcom

choms {MSA}buddha ... bhagavat Buddha, the
Supramundane Victor
par skyes pa {MSA}uttama-buddhtamajatvena

sujta generate well the characteristics of a
Buddha-child {T}
sangs rgyas kyi sras rnams
sangs rgyas chos {MSA}buddha-
{C}buddha-tanaya children of the Buddha;

Buddha children {C}offspring of the Buddhas
dharma; {MSA}bauddha ... dharma qualities of

a Buddha; Buddha-qualities; Buddha-doctrine;
Buddhist doctrine
sangs rgyas kyis gdul ba
{MSA}buddha-vineya discipline of the Buddha;

Buddhist discipline; disciplined by the Buddha
sangs rgyas rjes
dkon mchog rjes su dran pa recollection of the

Buddha Jewel
sangs rgyas nyid {C,MSA}buddhatva;
su dran pa dang ldan pa {MSA}buddhnusmtisahagata having the mindfulness of a Buddha
sangs rgyas
{MSA}buddhat; {C}vddhatva Buddhahood

{C}growth
sangs rgyas bka {L;MSA}buddha-
sangs rgyas nyid
vacana {PH}Buddha-word
sangs rgyas bka
kyang thob par bya

thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}buddhatva ca
prptavya (and also) will attain Buddhahood
nyid du sgrub pa bsgrub

sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}buddha-vacanatvaprasdhana established as Buddhas teaching;
established in Buddhas teaching
sangs rgyas nyid kyi

thabs shes pa {MSA}buddhatvopya-jna
knowledge of the methods of Buddhahood
sangs rgyas bskyangs {LCh}

buddhaplita Buddhaplita [p.n.]
sangs rgyas khams {MSA}bauddha

... dhtu realm of the Buddha; constituent of the
Buddha; Buddha-realm
sangs rgyas
nyid du dbang bskur ba yin pa {MSA}abhiikta ...

buddhatve is initiated into Buddhahood ? {T}
sangs rgyas nyid

du zhugs pa yin pa
812
zhug
oneness of Buddhas
jug zhugs zhugs {C}buddhatva-pratipannaka

approacher to Buddhahood {C}candidate to
Buddhahood
sangs rgyas rnams byung

{MSA}buddhnm utpda arising/appearance/
occurence of Buddhas
sangs
rgyas nyid du lung bstan pa bshad pa {MSA}

buddhatve vykaraa-dean give a prophecy of
Buddhahood
sangs rgyas rnams yul {MSA}

buddhn ... viaya sphere of Buddhas; place
of Buddhas; object of Buddhas
sangs rgyas nyid phun sum tshogs pa thob
sangs rgyas
pai gegs su gyur pa

thob/thob thob thob thobs {MSA}buddhatvasapat-prpti-vibandhana serve to obstruct the
attainment of perfection of Buddhahood
rnams sangs rgyas mchog rnams {MSA}buddha

... vibuddhottama supreme Buddhahood of
Buddhas
sangs rgyas pa {LCh}bauddha
sangs rgyas nyid la
Buddhist
jug pai thabs {MSA}buddhatvopya-pravea

method(s) of entering into Buddhahood
sangs rgyas dpag tu
med pa byung byung byung

byung byung {MV}aprameya-buddhotpda
arising/appearance/occurence of limitless
Buddhas
sangs rgyas
nyid la sems mnyam pa nyid {MSA}buddhatve

sama-cittat mental equanimity with respect to
Buddhahood
stong rtsa gcig
{PH}one thousand and
one
sangs rgyas mthong ba {MSA}
buddha-nirma emanations of Buddha(s)
sangs rgyas phag pa

ryabuddha buddha superiors
sangs rgyas phags pa buddha-
buddha-darana Buddha-vision; vision of a

Buddha
sangs rgyas dang
rya; ryabuddha Buddha Superior
byang chub sems dpa {MSA}buddha-bodhisattva

Buddhas and Bodhisattvas
sangs rgyas
ni yod pa zhes kyang mi brjod

brjod rjod brjod rjod {MSA}buddhatva na bhva
ucyate it does not say that Buddhahood exists
{T}
sangs rgyas rnams dang

phrad pa {MSA}buddhai ca samavadhna
meet with Buddhas {T}
sangs
rgyas rnams phan tshun mdzad pa gcig pa nyid

{MSA}buddhnm anyonyaika-kryatvam mutual
sangs rgyas sprul pa {MSA}
813
sangs rgyas phrin las
chen po {MSA} mahattva buddha-karmaa

{PH}the great activities of a Buddha
sangs rgyas byung ba

buddha-janmatva; {MSA}buddhotpda arising/
appearance/occurence of Buddhas
sangs rgyas byung
ba don yod par byung byung

byung byung {MSA}abandhya-buddha-janmatva
meaningful arising/appearance/occurence of
Buddhas
sangs rgyas bring Middling

Realizers [i.e. Solitary Realizers]{Lati}
sangs rgyas med pai dus
sangs rgyas la bstod pa
{MSA}buddha-rahita ... kla time when there is

no Buddha
{MSA}buddha-stotra praise the Buddha {T}
sangs rgyas la gsol ba {MSA}
sangs rgyas mtshan mi
buddhdhyeaa; {MSA}buddhdhyea ask the

Buddha; entreat the Buddha
grags pa {MSA}abuddha-nma not renowned

as a Buddha
sangs rgyas la gsol
sangs rgyas mdzad {C}buddha-
ba gdab pa {MSA}buddhdhyeaa; {MSA}

buddhdhyea ask the Buddha; entreat the
Buddha
kriya activity of a Buddha; Buddha-action; {T}

deeds of a Buddha
sangs rgyas zhing Buddha land

sangs rgyas gzugs {MSA}
sangs rgyas su gyur
buddha-biba Buddha-form; form of a Buddha
sangs rgyas yid la bya ba
sangs rgyas sras {C}buddha-suta;
{C}buddha-manasikra mental contemplation

of a Buddha; mental activity of a Buddha {C}
attention to the Buddha
buddha-putra; {MSA}buddhtmaja [Buddhason]; Buddha-child; child of the Buddha;

Bodhisattva; son of Buddha {C}the Buddhas
offspring
sangs rgyas ye shes {MSA}
buddha-jna exalted wisdom of a Buddha
sangs rgyas ye
shes mchog tu rab byung byung

byung byung byung {C}parama-adbhuta-buddhajna supremely wonderful exalted wisdom of
a Buddha {C}exceedingly wonderful Buddhacognition
sangs rgyas yon tan {C}buddha-
sangs rgyas sras rnams
{C}buddha-tanaya [Buddha-sons]; Buddhachildren; children of the Buddha; Bodhisattvas;

sons of Buddha {C}the Buddhas offspring
sangs rgyas gsang ba
sangs rgyas sbas pa Buddhaguhya

Buddhaguhya
sad {LCh}vibuddha; {LCh}pratibuddha; {C}
gua qualities of a Buddha; Buddha-qualities
prativibuddha to awaken; {T} activate {PH}

frost {C}woken up from; on waking up
sangs
rgyas yon tan phun sum tshogs pa dang ldan pa

{C}buddha-gua-sampat-pratisayukta endowed
with the marvellous qualities of a Buddha;
having the perfected qualities of a Buddha {C}
associated with the achievement of the qualities of
a Buddha
sangs rgyas ring bsrel {C}
sad na legs
{PH}Se-na-lek [Jing-yn;
the regal name of Tri-de-song-tsen]
sad nas {C}prativibuddha having awoken

{C}woken up from; on waking up
sad pa {C}vibuddha; {C}pratibodha;
prabuddha to awaken; one who is awake {C}

on waking up from it; become conscious
buddha-dhtu {C}Buddha-relics
sangs rgyas la
sad mi mi bdun seven men of trial
mchod pai mchog {MSA}buddha-pj param

supreme among offerings to the Buddha;
supreme offering to the Buddha {T}
bar os pa gyur gyurd gyur

gyurd {MSA}buddho bhavitum arhati suitable to
be(come) a Buddha {T}
de gong du btsun pa med la sad mi mi bdun

la sogs pa rab tu byung ste/ Before they [viz.,
814
Shntarakhita, Padmasambhava, etc. came to
Tibet], there were no monastics [in Tibet], but the
seven men of trial and so forth became monks {GZ
68a.5}
sad ser {PH}frost and hail

sam a {PH}message board
sai khams {C}pthiv-dhtu earth-
cymbal; instrument; musical instrument {C}

music
su [accusative, adverbial accusative, dative,
sai dngos
and locative particle:] to; in; as; -ly; at; who?
su kyang [who-even]; anyone

su dag {MSA}kecid; {MSA}kim who?
gzhi; rnal byor spyod pai sa bhmivastu /

yogcrybhmi Asagas Actuality of the
Levels / Levels of Yogic Practices, P.5536-8,
vol.109-10
[plural]
su ni nyams {MSA}ko hyate (h) who
sai rdul {L}pthiv-rajas particle of
abandons?
earth; particle of dust
sai rnam pa {MSA}bhmi-prakra
ground-aspect; aspect of a ground; earth-aspect
sai tshogs sgrub achieving through

the collection of the [ten] grounds
sai yongs sbyong thorough purifier
of a ground (Def: A quality that clears away the

defects of the ground on which it is possessed and
brings about completion of the qualities of that
ground)
sar pa {Das} pratyagra {PH}new

sar zhugs pa zhug
jug zhugs zhugs {MV}bhmi-pravia enter into

a level/ground; enter the ground
sas within the level; by the level/ground

sas bsdus bsdu sdud
su yi {C}kasmt whose?; of whom?

sug thung {PH}Suk-tung (short-legged)
[a style of script]
yi ge dbu med sug thung da ltai
khams bris dang ches dra ba zhig; The Suk-tung
U-mey (short-legged headless) script is very
similar to the Kam-dri [style] of today. {GCG} p.17
sug las {C}karma; {C}karman action;

deed; activity; work; karma
sun phyung
dbyung byin
sun byin
dbyung
phyung phyungs daa to disbelieve; refute;

come to disbelieve{BJ 9/1}
byin phyung phyungs {LCh,MSA}daa

disbelieving; come to disbelieve
sun byin pa
dbyung
byin phyung phyungs {MSA}daa; {MSA}
rnam par sun byin pa = vidaa; {C}daka; {C}
dayati; {C}din repudiate; disbelieving; come
to disbelieve {C}defame; defamer; corrupter
bsdus sdus included within the ground/level
si {PH}si [a type of incense]

si dhi siddhi [transliteration of Sanskrit
sun byin par byed
word siddhi] power; establishment;

accomplishment; feat
sadaa karoti disbelieving; come to

disbelieve {C}corrupt
{PH}sila [a type of incense]
{PH}Singhalese [person]
sing ga la pa
rnams ni dmar ser sha stag gyon; The Singhalese
wear only orange. {GCC} p.14
sil snyan {C}vdya; {MSA}vditra
constituent {C}earth-element
si la
sing ga la pa
815
se gol gtogs pa srid du
sun byin byed phyogs
{PH}
refutative thesis
If you approve of a refutative
thesis, why dont you approve of a probative
[thesis]? {A4C} 16.4cd
{C}accha-saghta-mtrakam {C}it lasts no

longer than a finger-snap
se gol brdabs
se gol brdab/ rdeb wa rdab/ brdabs/

rdebs/ snap the fingers
sum tri; traya three

sum skor ma the eastern channel at the
se bras dga gsum Se-ra,
heart
Dre-bung, and Gan-den, the three monastic

universities of Hlasa
sum cu pa triik Vasubandhus The
se ra smad May College of Se-ra
Thirty
sum cu rtsa gsum trayastria
Monastic University
se rwa Se-ra (Rain of Hail)

se ru
heaven of the thirty-three
sum cu rtsa gsum pa {C}
rang rgyal gyi lam shes pai lam shes

pratyekajinamrgajnamay mrgajt knower
of paths that knows Solitary Victor paths
trayastri (dev) (gods of) the Heaven of the

Thirty-Three
sum bcu thirty

sum bcu pa triik Vasubandhus
seng to raise; to cleanse; lion [abbreviation of

seng ge]
seng khri pad ma nyi zla
The Thirty
sum bcu rtsa gsum {LCh}
{PH}
lion throne; lotus-; sun-; and moon-[disks]
trayastri Land of the Thirty-Three; Heaven

of the Thirty-Three
sum bcu rtsa gsum gyi
bdag po trayastri-adhipati Lord of the

Heaven of the Thirty-Three [epithet of Indra]{BJ
73.7}
seng ge {C,MSA}siha lion

sengge {C;MSA}siha {PH}lion
seng ge chen poi
rnam par bsgyings pa {C}siha-viklambhita
sport of a great lion
sum gnyis {PH}two of the three

seng ge rnam bsgyings {C}
sum mdo {PH}three-fold intersection
siha-vijmbhita {C}lions sport; (like a) lions
yawn
sum rtsen Palace of Threefold Play
seng ge rnam par bsgyings
sui kasmt whose?; of whom?
{C}siha-vijmbhita {C}lions sport; (like a)
lions yawn
sus {MSA}yad by whom?
se gol se gol brdabs/ accha seng ge rnam par rtse ba {C}
siha-vikrita {C}lions play
finger snap
se gol gtogs
sengge btsan po
se gol gtogs/ gtogs/ gtogs/ gtogs/

snap the fingers
Chinese Emperor] Taizong
816
{PH}[Tang dynasty
seng ge rtsal *Siha-vikrama; {MaVy}
sems kun nyon mongs {MSA}
Siha-vikrama (= seng gei tsal) {PH}Sihavikrama
citta-saklea thoroughly afflicted mind
seng gei rtsal kyis mngon par bsgrag sems kun gnas pa {C}cittapai sgra *Siha-vikrama; {MaVy} Sihavikrama (= seng gei tsal) {PH}Siha-vikrama
sasthiti thorough stability of mind; thoroughly

abiding mind {C}complete stabilization of
thought
seng gei gros su
bzhud pa yin {C}siha-vikrnta-smin {C}one

who walks with the stride of a lion
sems kyang med pa nyid
roar; sound of a lion
sems kyi {C}caitasika mental; of the
siha-nda the great lion roar
sems kyi skad cig {C}citta-kaika
{MSA}cittasya nstitvam (and) mind is nonexistent; non-existence of mind
seng gei sgra {C}siha-nda lions
seng gei dra {C}hari lion-like; lion

seng gei na ro chen po mah-
mind; which thinks {C}mental event; which

belongs to thought
moment of mind; consciousness-moment {C}
sen {L}nakha {PH}nail; fingernail; toenail

sen mo {L}nakha nail {PH}little piece
thought-moment
dpe ldeb kyi shog bu
sen mo tsam du bkog, [They] have torn the page of

a book into little pieces. {GCG} p. 17
sems
bsam/
sems/ bsams/ soms/ {LCh,MV,MSA,C}citta; {C}

cittat; {C,MSA,MV}cetas; {MSA}cetan; {MSA}
cetasika; {MSA}caitasika; {C,MSA}manas; {C}
manyate (=samanupayati); {C}mat; {MSA}
(anv k): anvkati; {MSA}(... snyam sems so =
(vt): iti vartate); cittam; satna verb: think
[in the sense of have an opinion]; contemplate;
noun: mind; consciousness; thought; continuum
{PH}mind; aspiration; intention {C}attitude
of mind; state of thought; state of mind; heart;
inclination to; mind; mental activity; fancies
(himself for); thinks of; minds about; thinks about;
thinks with regard to; minds; puts his mind to;
sets above; feel conceited; cares about; mindf
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang gi khor du byung
bai sems byung dang mtshungs par ldan pa/ Def.: that
which has similarity with mental factors that arise
as its [i.e., a main minds] accompaniers
sems citta mind
{PH}mind; aspiration;
intention
817
sems kyi skad
cig ma gcig dang ldan pa {C}(citta-kaika-)

samyukta having one moment of mind {C}
connected with; entrusted to
sems kyi rgyud {C}citta-satati
mental continuum {C}series of thoughts; trend

of thought; mentality
sems kyi rgyun {C}citta-dhr
mental continuum/stream {C}trend of thought
sems kyi rgyun
ma chad cing ma bral bar {C}citta-nantaryatvirahita uninterrupted mental continuum and

not devoid of a mental continuum {C}while
giving no opportunity to thought of another kind
sems kyi chos nyid natural state

of mind
sems kyi mchog {MSA}citta-vara

supreme mind; highest mind
sems kyi rjes su jug pa
{MSA}cittnuvtti mental engagement; enter into

mind; engage in thinking
sems kyi ting dzin
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}cetasa
samdhim mental meditative stabilization
sems kyi bdag nyid du
ma grub pa not established as the entity of mind
sems kyi rdo rje mind-vajra

sems kyi sdug bsngal {MSA}
mental power
sems kyi dbyings la gnas
sems kyi nad {C}citta-lam mental
pa {MSA}cittasya dhtau sthna abiding in

the realm of mind
illness
sems kyi gnas ngan len
sems kyi dmigs pa
disfunctional mental state
sems kyi
cittlambana object of observation of mind;

mental object of observation
rnam grangs mngon par shes pa {MSA}cetaparyybhij manifestly cognize mental

enumerations; clairvoyance with respect to
mental enumerations
pa {C}citta-paryya-jna cognition of mental

enumerations {C}the cognition of others mental
make-up
sems kyi rnam rtog spyod pa

spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}citta-
carit engage in mental conceptuality; practice

mental conceptuality {C}thoughts and doings/
actions; preoccupations
sems kyi yongs su
rtog pa sems {C}cetasaiva ceta-parivitarkam

mental conceptuality {C}knew that ... he was in
such a wise discoursing in his heart
sems kyis rtogs par bya ba

citta-gamanya object of realization by mind;
mental object of realization {C}what thought
has access to
sems kyis dren
sems kyi rnam pa {L}cittkra
mental aspect; aspect of mind
cittena parikyate (pari k) induced by the

mind
sems kyi rnal byor {MSA}cetasi
sems kyis byed pa {C}citta-janika
yogata mental yoga
done by the mind; mind-made {C}thought-
generated
snang snang snang snang appearance factor of

the mind
sems kyis zin pa conjoined with
consciousness
sems skyo {MSA}savigna-cetas mental
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}citta-cary mental

behavior; mental practices {C}thoughts and
doings
aversion {PH}somber
sems bskyed
bskyed
skyed bskyed skyed {MSA,MV}cittotpda;
{MV,MSA}uptdita-(bodhi)-citta; {MSA}cittam
utpdayati; {MSA}citte ... utpda; {C}cittapdu;
sems kyi spyod pa
mkhyen par mdzad {MSA}citta-caritra jtv

exalted knower of mental practices
sems kyi zas mana-sacetanhra

food of intention; mental sustenance
sems kyi rnam grangs shes
sems kyi spyod pa
g.yo rnams {C}citta-carita-vispanditni mental

practices and fluctuations {C}the thoughts and
actions
sems kyi dbang {MSA}citta-vaa
caitasika-dukha mental suffering
sems kyi snang cha
sems kyi spyod pa dang
818
sems bskyed
{MSA}cittodaya; {MSA}cetasa prabhava

[mind-generate]; (altruistic) mind-generation;
generation of the aspiration (to enlightenment);
mind generation {PH}generating the mind
[of enlightenment] (bodhicitta); (altruistic)
mind-generation {C}production of thought
Definitions:
pa yang dag par grub pa {MV}cittotpdasamudgama thoroughly established (altruistic)

mind-generation
sems bskyed pa la gnas pa
{MSA}cittotpdrayatva abiding in (altruistic)

mind-generation
mtshan nyid/ rang rgyu gzhan don don
sems bskyed pai skabs
gnyer gyi dun pas drangs shing grogs byang chub dod
pa dang mtshungs ldan gyi rnam rig khyad par can/
Def.: a special cognition that is induced by its

cause, the aspiration seeking others welfare, and
has similarity with its accompanier, the desire for
enlightenment {T}
cittotpddhikra occasion of (altruistic) mindgeneration
sems bskyed pai dus

dbye
Divisions:
cittotpda-kla time of (altruistic) mindgeneration
ba/ 1 mos pa dag pa/ 2 lhag bsam dag pa/ 3 rnam

par smon pai sems bskyed/ 4 sgrib pa spangs pai
sems bskyed/ Div.: 1) [mind-generations of] pure
imagination, 2) [mind-generations that are] pure
unusual attitudes, 3) aspirational mind-generations,
4) mind-generations that have abandoned the
obstructions
sems bskyed pa
bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {C,MSA,MV}
cittotpda; {C}cittupdo; {C}cittapdu; {MSA,MV}

utpdita-(bodhi)-citta; {MSA}cittam utpdayati;
{MSA}citte ... utpda; {MSA}cittodaya; {MSA}
cetasa prabhava [mind-generate]; (altruistic)
mind-generation; generation of the aspiration
(to enlightenment) {C}production of thought;
attitude of mind
sems bskyed pa bsngags pa

{MSA}cittotpda-praas praise (altruistic)
mind-generation
sems bskyed pa dang po

prathama-cittotpda first (altruistic) mindgeneration
nyid bskyed skyed bskyed

skyed {MSA}cittotpda-lakaa character of
(altruistic) mind-generation
sems bskyed par bgyid pa
{C}vicunuyt (=vicinyt?) generate an attitude;

generate the altruistic intention [to become
enlightened]; [altruistic] mind-generation {C}
reflects
sems
bskyed ma thag tu chos kyi khor lo bskor ba

bskor skor bskord skord {C}
sacittotpda-dharmacakra-pravartin Turn the
Wheel of Doctrine Immediately after MindGeneration {C}Sacittotpda-dharmacakrapravartin [p.n. of a Bodhisattva]
sems khong khro ba med pa
{C}apratihata-citta non-angry mind; mind

without anger {C}his thought free from hostility
sems khros {C}cittam pradayi
belligerent mind; angry mind {C}with angry

thought
sems bskyed
sems khrug pa
khrug khrug khrugs khrugs {MSA}
pa rnam par gtan la dbab pa {MSA}cittotpdavinicaya settle [altruistic] mind-generation
sems bskyed pai mtshan
vikipta-citta; {C}citta-viksepa disturbed mind;
819
mental disturbance; angry mind {C}perplexity;
confusion of thought; mental distraction
sems khrugs par gyur ro

khrug khrug khrugs
khrugs {C}citta-vikepa gaccheyu; {C}cittavikepa disturbed mind; mental disturbance;
angry mind; become/be mentally disturbed
{C}become confused (distracted/perplexed/
distraught) in mind; perplexity; confusion of
thought; mental disturbance
{MSA}cittasyodrataratvt due to great mental

vastness; because of a very vast mind
sems rgyud *cittasatna mental

continuum
sems ngan pa
{PH}bad consciousness
sems can {C,MV,MSA}sattva; {C}
sems khrul ba {C}bhrnta-citta
sattvata; {C}loka [mind-having]; sentient being;

animals {C}relation to a being; world
mistaken mind {C}his mind does wander;
bewildered in his heart
sems khrul med {C}abhrnta-citta

non-mistaken mind {C}his thoughts do not
wander; his mind does not wander
sems grol
sems rgya che bai phyir
sems can kun gyi bya ba
{MSA}sarva-sattva-ktya activity of all sentient

beings {T}
sems can kun mchog nyid

supreme of sentient beings
grol
grold grol grold {MSA}mukta-citta mental

liberation; liberated mind
sems can kun tu gro bai
citta-sukhatva make mental happiness; make the

mind happy
sems can kyi khams {C}sattva-
virtuous mind
sems can kyi mchog nyid
sems dga bar byed pa {MSA}

sems dge ba {MSA}kalya-citta
sems dge ba gcig {MSA}eka-
sems dge ba la
yang dag par sbyor ba sbyar sbyor

sbyard sbyord {MSA}kuala-citta-saniyojana
thoroughly apply the mind to virtue
bkral grel bkrald greld three

cycles of Bodhisattva commentaries
dhtu; {C}sattva-loka realm of sentient beings

{C}world of beings
{MSA}sattvottamatva greatness of sentient
beings
citta ... kuala one virtuous mind
sems grel skor gsum
don {MSA}sattva-sarvatragrtha omnipresent

welfare/purposes of sentient beings
sems can khams {C}sattva-dhtu

realm of sentient beings {C}world of beings
sems can gyi nyes pa {MSA}

sattva-duat fault of sentient beings {T}
sems can gyi dus na at the time

of a sentient being{BJ 37.5}
sems can gyi don {MSA}sattvrtha
sems rgod {PH}overly excited mind

sems rgod pa {L}cittauddhatya
welfare/purpose(s) of sentient beings
sems can gyi don rnam

pa bzhi po {MSA}caturvidha ... sattvrtha four
types of welfare/purpose(s) of sentient beings
mental excitement; mental distraction; excited/

distracted mind
sems rgya chung ba {MSA}anudra- sems can gyi don la

bag med pa {MSA}sattvrtha-pramda non-
citta slightly vast mind
820
conscientiousness with respect to the welfare/
purpose(s) of sentient beings
dang skye ba ma mchis pai rang bzhin can {C}

sattva-asvabhva-jtika sentient beings having
the nature of non-nature and non-production
{C}the absence of own-being in beings belongs to
the very essence of
sems can gyi don la
zhugs pa zhug jug zhugs

zhugs {MSA}sattvrtha-prayukta engage in the
welfare of sentient beings {T}
sems can gyi don la sems

pa {MSA}sattvrtha-cint think of the welfare/
sems can gyi bdag po
{L}sattvdhipatya lord of sentient beings;

sovereignty over sentient beings
sems can gcig bde {MSA}ekasattva-sukha happiness of one being
sems can ched du {MSA}sattvahetu for the sake of sentient beings {T}
sems can mchog {MSA}agra-sattva

supreme sentient being; highest sentient being
abode of a sentient being
sems can mchog tu gyur
sattva-ri group of sentient beings {C}mass

of beings
sems can jig rten {C}sattva-
sems can gyi gnas {C}sattvsa
sems can gyi phung po {C}
sems can
gyi bya ba dag la sems mnyam pa nyid {MSA}
sattva-ktyeu-samacittat mental equality with
respect to the deeds of sentient beings
sems can gyi ris {C,MSA}sattva-
nikya; {L}sattva-gotra lineage of sentient beings

{C}collection/world of beings; clan of beings
sems can gyi lus la sogs

pa {MSA}sattva-kydi bodies, etc. of sentient
beings
sems can gyi log par
sems can rjes jug {MSA}
sattvnuvtti follower of sentient beings {T}
sems can mnyam pa nyid

{MSA}sattva ... samat sameness of sentient
beings
sems can thams cad

dul nus pa {C}sarva-vinaya-samartha {C}
Sarva-vinaya-samartha [p.n. of a Buddha]
sems
sems can thams
sems can gyis {C}sattvata by
cad sangs rgyas kyi tshe the time when all

sentient beings will have become Buddhas
sentient beings; of sentient beings {C}relation

to a being
sems can the tshom
sems can ngan pa {MSA}dua ...
shin tu sel ba bsal sel

bsald seld {MSA}sattva ... suvinta-saaya
thoroughly eliminate/eradicate/remove/clear
away/avoid/exclude the doubts of sentient beings
sattva bad sentient being(s) {PH}bad sentient

being
loka worldly realm of sentient beings {C}the

world of living beings
can thams cad las mngon par phags pa {C}

sarva-sattva-abhyudgatat manifestly superior
to all sentient beings {C}a state where they are
elevated above all beings

bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}sattva-vipratipatti
mistaken establishment of sentient beings
sems can ngo bo nyid ma mchis pa
{MSA}sattvgrat prpta is the highest

sentient being {T}
821
sems can don byed
pai tshul khrims {MSA}sattvrtha-kriy-la

ethics which works for the welfare/purpose(s) of
sentient beings
sems can dag ni tshad med pa yongs su smin par

byed pa {MSA}sattvprameyn paripka
thoroughly mature/ripen countless sentient
beings
sems can dag pa {C}uddha-sattvo

pure sentient being
sems can don byed par
smon pa {MSA}sattvrthcaraasana wish

to work for the sake of sentient beings {T}
sems can
sems can don la shin
sems can gdul ba {MSA}sattva-
dag yongs su smin par byed do {MSA}sattvn

paripcayati thoroughly ripen/mature sentient
beings
tu brtson {MSA}sattva-ktyrtham udyukt

extreme exertion for the welfare of sentient
beings {T}
sems can dang rang gi sangs rgyas kyi chos yongs

su smin pa {MSA}sattva-svabuddha-dharmaparipka thoroughly mature/ripen the qualities
of sentient beings and Buddhas
sems can dang sems can ma yin pas byas pai

sdug bsngal {MSA}dukha ... sattvsattva-kta
the suffering made by sentient beings and nonsentient beings
excellent sentient being(s) {C}the very cream of

beings
sems can du gdags pa
gdags dogs btags/

brtags thogs {C}sattva-prajapti imputation as
a sentient being; imputed as a sentient being
{C}concept of a being
sems can don {MSA}sattvrtha
welfare of sentient beings; welfare/purpose(s) of

sentient beings
mtshungs {MSA}sattvtma-samna-bhva
concordant with the self of sentient beings
sems can sdig pa byed pa

sems can sdug bsngal {MSA}
sattva ... dukhita suffering of sentient beings;
suffering sentient beings
sems can nad pa
{PH}sentient
beings who are ill
sems can
ni smin par byed pa grub par gyur
{MSA}sattva-pkasya nipatti serves to ripen/
mature sentient beings
sems
can gnod par byed pa dag gis mi khrugs pa
{MSA}sattvpakrkopa undisturbed by the
injuries inflicted [by other] sentient beings {T}
{MSA}sattvrtha kraka establish the welfare/

sems can rnam grol mdzad
sems can don ni sgrub pa
{MSA}sattva-vimocaka liberate sentient beings

{T}
{MSA}sattvrthasya sdhana establish the

welfare/purpose(s) of sentient beings
sems can bdag dang
{MSA}ppa-krin ... sattva evil-doing sentient

being
sems can dam pa {C}sattva-sra
sems can don sgrub
vinaya discipline sentient beings; discipline of

sentient beings
822
sems can rnam smin byed
great purpose that helps sentient beings {T}
{MSA}sattva-vipcaka ripen/mature sentient

beings; one who ripens/matures sentient beings
sems can dbul po {C}daridra-
sems can rnams
sattva poor sentient being {C}beggarly being
sems can ma yin pa {C}
kyi don du gnas {MSA}sattvrtham tihati

establish the welfare of sentient beings
nisattva non sentient being; not a sentient

being
sems can
rnams gyi las kyi khyad par gyis {MSA}sattvn

karma-viet due to the differences of sentient
beings karmas
sems can rnams joms
{MSA}sattvn upahanti abandon sentient beings;

{T} destroy/suppress sentient beings ?
sems can rnams
yongs smin par byed {MSA}sattvn paripka

thoroughly ripen/mature sentient beings
sems can
rnams yongs su smin par bya ba {MSA}sattvn

paripcanam object of thoroughly ripening
sentient beings; will thoroughly ripen/mature
sentient beings
sems can
rnams la mos pa ji lta ba bzhin du

mos mos mos mos {MSA}yathdhimoka
sattvn according to the beliefs in sentient
beings
ma yin pas byas pai sdug bsngal {MSA}a-sattvakta ... dukha suffering made by non sentient
beings
sems can mi gtong ba
sattvnutsarga; {MSA}sattvvisjana not giving

up on sentient beings
sems can mi tshe {MSA}
sattvheha non-harmfulness toward sentient

beings
sems can med pa {C}asattva; {C}
nisattva; {C}nisattvat; {C}nisattvata non

sentient being; not a sentient being; no sentient
being;7 {T} sentient beings do not [inherently]
exist {C}(it) is not; non-beingness; there is
no being; absence of a being; they have not the
character of beings; no beings (in it); a being is nonexistent; unsubstantial; non-existence of a being
sems can med pai phyir {C}
sems can
sattva-asattay; {C}nisattvat because there

is not a sentient being; because there are no
sentient beings; {T} because sentient beings
do not [inherently] exist {C}from the nonbeingness of beings; non-existence of a being; there
is no being
rnams la sems mnyam pa nyid {MSA}sattveu

samacittat mental equality with respect to
sentient beings
sems can phan dogs
sems can dman pa {C}hna-sattva
dga gdags
dogs btags/brtags thogs {MSA}sattva-hitn
moda delight in the benefit of sentient beings
inferior being
sems can phan par sems
{MSA}sattva-hitaya thinking to help a sentient

being/sentient beings {T}
sems can phan byed don

chen {MSA}sattva-hitdhna-mahrtha the
sems can
823
sems can dmyal ba {MSA}
naraka; {C}niraya (=naraka) hell-being; hells
sems can dmyal ba pa

ma yin pa a-nraka non-hell-being
sems can dmyal bai
sems can nraka hell-beings
sems can dmyal bai srung

sattvparityga-mhtmya greatness of not
abandoning sentient beings
ma bsrung srung bsrungs

srungs naraka-pla hell-guardians
sems can yongs su smin pa
{MSA}sattva-pka; {MSA}sattva-pcana ripen/

sems can yongs su
{MSA}sattva-paripka; {MSA}sattva-paripcana
sems can smin par byed pa
sems can tsam
la dmigs pai byams pa

dmigs dmigs dmigs dmigs *sattvlaban maitri
love observing mere sentient beings
sems can tshad med pa {MSA}
smin par bya ba {MSA}sattva-paripcana object

of thoroughly ripening of sentient beings; will
sems can yongs su

smin par byed {MSA}sattvn paripka
aprameya-sattva; {MSA}aprameya ... sattva; {MSA}

sattva ... ameya innumerable sentient beings;
countless sentient beings
sems can yongs
gaa; {C}sattva-kya accumulation of sentient

beings; group of sentient beings body of beings
sems can yongs su dzin
sems can tshogs {MSA}sattva-
su smin par byed pa {MSA}sattva-paripcaka(tva); {MSA}sattva-paripcana thoroughly ripen/

{MSA}sattva-parigraha apprehend sentient
beings
sems can gzhan la
byams dod {MSA}para-sattva-vatsala desirous

love for other sentient beings {T}
sems can yongs su bzung
sems can
ba {MSA}sattva-parigraha apprehend sentient

beings
yang du ma zhig la bde bar gyur

gyur gyurd gyur gyurd {MSA}anekasattva-sukha there is also happiness for many
sentient beings {T}
sems can rab tu smin pa
{MSA}sattvn prapcana thorough ripening

of sentient beings; thoroughly ripen/mature
sentient beings
sems can yongs smin byed
sems can rab dul {MSA}sattvn
{MSA}sattva-paripka thoroughly ripen/mature

sentient beings
sems can yongs su gtong
pravinetum discipline sentient beings; discipline

of sentient beings
sattva-tygin abandon sentient beings; one who

abandons sentient beings
sems can la
ba sbyang sbyong sbyangs

sbyongs {MSA}sattva-pariodhana thoroughly
purify/train sentient beings
sems can la ston pai sgra
mnyam pa nyid kyi ye shes {MSA}sattveu samatjnam exalted wisdom of sameness toward
sentient beings
sems can yongs su sbyong

sems can
yongs su mi gtong bai che ba nyid
bstan ston bstand stond sound
which indicates meaning to a sentient being
824
sems can la
phan par byed pai rgyu yin pa {MSA}sattva-hitakriy-hetutva being a cause of helping/benefiting
sentient beings
basic mind {C}mind bent on
sems can la dmigs pa
sems mnyam mind of equality

sems mnyam nyid {C}sama-cittat
sems can la dmigs
sems mnyam rnyed pa {MSA}
dmigs dmigs
dmigs dmigs {MSA}sattvlambana object of
observation for sentient beings
sameness of mind; mental sameness {C}the
same attitude of mind; treat equally; even attitude

of mind
pai snying rje dmigs

dmigs dmigs dmigs sattvlamban-karu
compassion observing sentient beings
sems can la brtse ba {MSA}
sama-cittoplambha (sic) attain mental sameness
sems mnyam pa {C}sama-citta
sameness of mind; mental sameness {C}
evenminded(ness)
sattvnukampana compassion toward sentient

beings
sems can log par sgrub pa

{MSA}sattva-vipratipatti wrongly establish
sentient beings
sems mnyam pa nyid {C,MSA}
sama-cittat sameness of mind; mental sameness

{C}evenminded(ness); the same attitude of mind;
treat equally; even attitude of mind
sems mnyam par jog go

{MV}citta samdhyate setting in mental
sameness
sems can sangs
rgyas kyi rigs can {MSA}buddha-gotra ... sattva

sentient beings having the Buddha-lineage
sems mnyam par jog
byed pa {MSA}puya-krin ... sattva sentient

beings who produce merit; merit-making
sentient beings {T}
sems mnyam par ma
sems can bsod nams
pa {MSA}citta-samdhna; {MSA}samacittvasthpan setting in mental sameness
bzhag pa {MSA}asamhita ... citta non mental

sems chen po great mind

sems mchis {C}sacittaka having a
sems mnyam par gzhag pa
{MV}samahita-citta mental meditative equipoise
sems snyoms {C,MSA}sama-citta
mind; sentient {C}with citta; having thought
sems mchog
sameness of mind; mental sameness {C}even

mind
{PH}supreme mind [of

enlightenment]; supreme bodhicitta
sems jog go {MSA}citta badhnyt sems te {C}samanvharati think;
thinking {C}his mind is impressed by; consider;

towards
(bandh) setting the mind
sems jog pa cittasthpana setting

the mind
sems jog par byed do {MSA}

citta badhnyt (bandh) setting the mind
sems nyid {C}cittatva intrinsic mind;
825
sems btang snyoms su
byed pa {MV}cittasyopek mental equanimity
sems rten mental basis

sems stobs zhan pa {C}hna-
sems dang ye shes {MSA}citta-
sattva mind of little power; inferior being
sems bltar med invisibility of mind

sems dang shes
rab rnam par grol ba grol

sems thams cad kyi dbang gi
grold grol grold {MSA}ceta-praj-vimukti
jna mind and exalted wisdom
dam pai pha rol tu phyin pa sha stag {C}

sarvacetovaitparapramiprpta {C}in perfect
control of their whole minds
liberation of thought and wisdom
sems
thams cad kyi dbang dam pai pha rol tu son pa
{C}sarva-ceto-vai-parama-prami-prpta {C}
in perfect control of their entire hearts [or: whole
minds]
sems dang sems
byung khams gsum pa byung

byung byung byung {MV}citta-caitts tridhtuk
three realms of mind and mental factors
sems dang sems byung
rnams byung byung byung

byung {C}citta-caitta mind and mental factors
{C}thought and its constituents
sems dang ldan
pa ma yin pai chos {MSA}citta-viprayukta ...

dharma phenomenon without a mind; {T} nonsentient phenomenon
sems dang sems las byung
smra who with a mind would propound ...?{BJ

13.4}
sems

{C}citta-caitasika mind and mental factors
{C}mental events
sems dang ldan pa su zhig
dang sems las byung ba rnams bcings so

citta-caitt ... badhyante (bandh) bound by
mind and mental factors
sems dang po bskyed pa
yin bskyed skyed bskyed skyed

{C}prathama-cittotpdam updya (is the) first
(altruistic) mind-generation {C}from where
they began with the production of the thought of
enlightenment; on account of the first thought of
enlightenment; on account of the first production
of the first thought of enlightenment; from the first
thought of enlightenment onwards
sems
dang bsam pa rnam par dag pa mnyam pa nyid
{MV}cittaya-viuddhi-samat sameness of
purity of mind and thought
sems dang po gnas pa {C}
sems dang bsam pa rnam par dag pa mnyam pa

nyid bcu {MSA}cittaya-viuddhi-samat (daa-)
ten samenesses of purity of mind and thought
prathama-cittotpdika (one who is) abiding in

the first (altruistic) mind (generation) {C}one
who has had his first thought of enlightenment
sems dang spyod pa
sems dad pa gcig tsam {C}
eka-citta-prasdam api one mere thought of faith

{C}one single thought
spyad spyod spyad spyod {MSA}citta-carit

thoughts and activities
sems dul ba {C}dnta-cittat
sems dang
mental discipline; disciplined mind {C}a mind

completely tamed
yid dang rnam par shes pa rtogs pa

rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}citta-
sems dran pa nye bar
mano-vijna-bodha realize thought, mind, and

consciousness
bzhag pa cittasmtypasthna establishment in
826
sems gnas pa rnam pa dgu
mindfulness of mind
sems drug {MSA}a cittni six minds

sems di {C}matti this mind; this
navkr cittasthiti nine mental abidings
sems rnam par khrugs pa

khrug khrug khrugs
khrugs {C}citta-vikepa mental distraction;
mental anger; {T} disturbed mind {C}
perplexed; confusion of thought
thought
sems di bzang ba min
snyam {C}aobhanni (thinking), this thought

is not good {C}(these are) unwholesome
(thoughts?)
sems na {C}manyate if one thinks; when

one thinks
sems rnam par g.yeng ba
{C}citta-vikepa; {C}vikipta-citta mental

distraction; wander mentally {C}perplexed;
distracted thoughts; confusion of thought
sems na ... bdag po yin {MSA} sems rnam par g.yengs pa

cittasya ... dhipatya lord of mind; mental
sovereignty
{C}vikipta-cittat; {MSA}vikipta-citta mental

distraction; wander mentally {C}perplexed;
distracted mentally; distracted thoughts; confusion
of thought
sems nang {MSA}adhytma ceta

internal thought/mind
sems rnam par g.yong ba
sems ni skad cig ma {MSA}
{C}vikipta-citta mental distraction; wander

mentally {C}perplexed; distracted mentally;
distracted thoughts; confusion of thought
kaika hi citta moment of mind/thought
sems ni bskyed pa
sems pa {LCh,C,MSA,MV}cetan; {MV}
cittasyotpdan generate a mind; generate the

altruistic intention to become enlightened
cetana; {MV}cintan; {C}cintayati; {C}cintat;

{C,MSA}cint; {L,MV}cintana; {C}samanvharati;
{C}samudcra; {C}vindati; {C}asaya; {MSA}(anv
i): anveti; {MSA}aya; {MSA}buddhi; {MSA}
saj attention; intention; will; intentionality
{C}ideas; habits; reflect (on); deliberation;
reflection; volition; act of will; will (for); find;
entrance; discovers; think; seat; resolution;
mentality
sems ni nang du gnas pa

{MSA}sthiti cetasa adhytma abide within
mind
sems ni yongs su skyo ba
{MV}cittasya parikhedit thorough mental

aversion
sems gnas cittasthiti mental abiding

sems gnas skabs {MSA}
sems pa dang yid la byed

pa {MV}cetan-manaskra intention and
mental activity
cittvasth mental state
sems pa dun dang bcas pa
sems
{MSA}cetan chanda-sahit an intention with

aspiration {T}
gnas dgu; sems gnas pa rnam pa dgu navkr

cittasthiti; navkrcittasthiti nine mental
abidings
sems pai zas manasacetanhra
sems gnas pa {C,MSA,MV}citta-
nourishment of intention; intention food
sthiti; {MSA}sthita-citta mental abiding {C}

stability of thought
sems dpa {C}sattva being
{PH}
being; male [bodhi]sattva {C}substance; energy
827
sems dpa che {MSA}mah-sattva
byung byung byung {LCh,MV}caitta mental

factor
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang khor
du ldan pai sems dang mtshungs par ldan pa/ Def.:
that which has similarity/paralellism with the mind
having it as an accompanier
great being
sems dpa chen po {C}mahsattva great being
sems dpa sum brtsegs

dbye ba/
{PH}three stacked beings [jnasattva;

samayasattva; & samdhisattva]
Divisions:
sems
1 kun gro lnga / 2 yul nges lnga / 3 dge ba bcu

gcig 4 rtsa nyon drug 5 nye nyon nyi shu/ 5 gzhan
gyur bzhi/ Div.: (1) five omnipresent (sarvatraga)
mental factors; (2) five determining (viayapratiniyama) mental factors; (3) eleven virtuous
(kuala) mental factors; (4) six root afflictions
(mla-klea); (5) twenty secondary afflictions
(upaklea); and (6) four
dpai skhyil krung; sems dpai skhyil mo krung

the cross-legged Bodhisattva posture [the halflotus posture, with the right leg on the left]
sems dpai skhyil mo
krung ni/ de bzhin du cung zad tsam gyis rkang pa

g.yas pa brla g.yon pai steng du bzhag pao/ the
cross-legged Bodhisattva posture: likewise, in a
lesser version [of the vajra-posture], set the right
foot on top of the left thigh {Dor 26b.4/ 236.4}
sems byung kun gro
byung byung byung byung sarvatragacaitta omnipresent mental factor
sems dpai skhyil mo krung
sems dpai skhyil krung / the

cross-legged Bodhisattva posture [the half-lotus
posture, with the right leg on the left]
sems dpai skhyil mo krung ni/ de
bzhin du cung zad tsam gyis rkang pa g.yas pa brla

g.yon pai steng du bzhag pao/ the cross-legged
Bodhisattva posture: likewise, in a lesser version
[of the vajra-posture], set the right foot on top of the
left thigh {Dor 26b.4/ 236.4}
sems dpai rnal byor

Bodhisattvas yoga
sems dpai rnal byor

mthar thug Bodhisattvas final yoga
sems phyin ci log tu gyur
pa {C}viparyasta-citta mistaken mind; which is

a mistaken mind {C}a perverted thought
sems phro ba med pai
byung
sems byung dge ba
byung byung byung byung ksala-caitta

virtuous mental factor
sems byung dge ba bcu

gcig {PH}eleven virtuous mental factors
sems byung gzhan gyur

*anyathbhvacaitta changeable mental factor;
determining mental factor
sems byung yul nges
*viayapratiniyama caitta determining mental

factor
sems byed {C}buddho; {C}adhihihey

think of; thought of {C}would perservere
(single-mindedly?)
sems dben mental isolation; isolation

of mind
sems byung ba
phyir {MV}cittasyvisarat because there is

not a scattered mind {T}
sems byung
byung byung byung byung {C}cittotpda; {MSA}

citta-sabhava mental factor; arising of mind;
828
sems tshim pa {MSA}sampyyita-
mental arising {C}arising citta; arising of the

altruistic intention to become enlightened
sems ma khrul ba {C}abhrnta-
cetas pleasing thought {T}
citta non-mistaken mind; non-mistaken thought

{C}his mind does (not) wander; bewildered in his
heart
sems ma dad pa {C}aprasanna-citta

non-faithful mind {C}his thought devoid of
serene faith
sems mi ldog pa
sems tshim par gyur {C}haritacitta {C}delighted
sems tshim par byas pa {MSA}

pyyita-cetas satisfied mind; to satify the mind
{T}
sems zhum pa
jum jums zhum zhums {MV}lna-cittat;

{MV}lna-cittatva; {C}avalnat mental
slackness/discouragement/weakness/timidness/
cowardliness {C}cowedness
ldog ldog ldogs ldogs {MSA}cittvyvtti nonreversed mind
sems mi phyed pa {MSA}abhedya-
sems od gsal bai phyir
cittat undifferentiated mind; undivided mind

?? {T}
{MV}prabhsvaratvc cittasya (due to) the clear

light of mind
sems med {C}acitta non-thought; no
sems yang dag par gnas
mind; without mind {C}absence of citta
pa {MSA}cittasya sasthiti mental abiding
sems med pa {C}nicitta; {MV}na
citta non-thought; no mind; without mind

{C}absence of citta; free from thought; no-thought
sems yang dag par
citta-sthiti-nicitta; {C}citta-nicita abide in nonthought {C}the stability of a no-thought
sems yongs su skyo ba {MV}
rab tu jog pa {MSA}citta pradadhti setting

the mind
sems med par gnas pa {C}

sems med mun pai
sems g.yeng {C}vikipta-cittat; {MSA}
sems dmyal {C}naraka {C}hell

sems tsam {C,MSA}citta-mtra Mind
vikipta-citta {PH}mental distraction
sems rab tu nye bar bzhag
Only School; Mind-Only School
pa {C}spasthita-citta mental establishment

{C}their thoughts well supported
{PH}system
of Mind-Only
sems tsam rnam bden

pai lugs {PH}the system of the Mind Only True
Aspectarians
sems tsam pa cittamtrin Mind-Only

School; Chittamtra; Proponent of Mind Only
sems tsam po {MSA}citta-mtra

mind-only
sems yongs su bsngo ba {MV}

citta-pariati mental dedication
gnas skabs state of mindless darkness
sems tsam gyi srol
parikheda-cittat mental aversion
829
sems rab tu dzin pa
gzung dzin bzung zungs {MSA}citta

praghti mental apprehension
sems la sgrib pa {C}citta-varaa

mental obstructions {C}thought-coverings
sems la sgrib pa med {C}acittavaraa without mental obstructions {C}

absence of thought-coverings
sems la gdung ba {C}cittotpa
ordained and lay people
mental torment {C}thoughts which torment
sems la gnod par byed {C}
ghtayati harm the mind; harmful mind {C}

cherish malice for; feel anger
sems la dbang {MSA}citta-vaa

mental power
sems la zang zing med pa

yin {MSA}nirmia-citta unconfused mind
ser skyai gzhi kapilavastu
{PH}
Kapilavastu
ser kha {PH}crack; split; cleft

ser kha med pa {PH}unsplit
ser sna {LCh,C,MSA,MV}mtsarya; {MV}
matsaritva; {C}matsara miserly; miserliness

stingy; {C}mean(ness); niggardly; jealousy
sems las ser sna mngon gyur

skyai bai go skabs the chance to generate
manifest miserliness{PGP 86}
don gzhan pai phyi rol gyi don bem po external

material objects that are factualities other than
the mind
sems las byung
ser sna can {C}mtsarya; {MSA}matsarin
miserly; having miserliness
byung byung byung byung {MV}caitasa; {MV}

caitta mental factor; arisen from mind
sems las byung ba
byung byung byung byung {C,MSA}caitasika;

{MV}caitasa; {MV}caitta mental factor; arisen
from mind {C}mental event
sems las byung bai chos
miserly; miserliness
ser sna med {C}amatsara non{MSA}amtsarya non-miserliness
ser snai kun tu sbyor ba
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MV}
mtsarya-sayojana thorough enwrapment of

miserliness
karmaya-citta; {MV}citta-karmayatva suitable

as mental action/karma
ser snai kun sbyor
sems shing {C}manyamna thinking;
sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord mtsarya-sayojana

thorough enwrapment of miserliness
having thought {C}minding; proudly imagine
ser snai sems {C}mtsarya-citta
{PH}mental
miserly mind {C}grudge
pliancy
sems
sems byung dang ldan par ma yin pai du byed

cittacaittaviprayukta-saskra compositional
factor not associated with mind or mental factors
ser sna byed pa {C}mtsarya

ser sna med pa {MSA}amatsarin;
sems las su rung ba {MV}
ser skya {LCh}kapila Kapila
miserliness
miserliness {C}absence of meanness

caitasika-dharma phenomena that are mental
factors {C}dharmas which constitute mental
events
sems shin sbyangs
ser sna nyid {MSA}matsaritva
{PH}
830
ser po {MSA}pta yellow

ser po nyid ptatva yellowness
ser shas {PH}yellowish
ser shas cung {PH}slightly yellowish
sel
avoid {C}removes; attracts; {GD:298}

conceptual exclusion
bsal sel bsald seld
{L}nirkra; {C}tana clear away; remove;
throw off; eliminate; avoid; exclude {C}

removal dri ma phra mo
cung zad kyang sel mi nus one is unable to remove
subtle stains even a little{PGP 85}
sel ngor
bsal sel
bsald seld {GD:105} point of view of elimination
(p.o.v. of ordinary beings); {GD:186} conceptual
perspective; eliminative perspective
sel jug
bsal
yul la cha shas su bcad nas jug pa/ rang yul la brdai
dbang gi jug pa/ Def.: Jay-dzn-ba: [mind] which
sel jug gi sgra/ 3 sel jug gi gang zag Div.:(1)

mind that is an eliminative engager; (2) sound that
is an eliminative engager; (3) person that is an
eliminative engager
bsal sel bsald seld pudgalpohapravtti person who is an eliminative engager
bsal sel bsald seld abdpoha-pravtti sound

that is an eliminative engager
bsal sel bsald seld apoha-pravti-buddhi;

*apohapravttibuddhi awareness that is an
eliminative engager; mind of partial engagement
bsal sel bsald
bsal sel
sel tshul
bsal sel
sel mi nus pa

bsal sel bsald seld not able to remove/eliminate/
eradicate/clear away/avoid/exclude
so skye {LCh}pthag-jana common being;

ordinary being
so skye bo pthagjana common being

so skyei lam pthagjana-mrga {PH}
paths of common beings
so to rog po a big black bird that
cannot go into water to get fish, so it stays on the

shore and, as the waves push them up, it catches
them
so thar {LCh}pratimoka individual

emancipation
seld apoha; {C}apakarayati; {MSA}apakaraa;

{MSA}apakarika; {MSA}apaha; {MV}praodana;
{MSA}vinta; apoha {GD:298} exclusion [=gzhan
sel]; clear away; remove; throw off; eliminate;
sel byed
statement, following the suffix sa]; [=so so;

so soi; so sor] individual; diverse; separate;
different; common {PH}point; tooth
Just as the point
of a sword [does not cut itself], [we] refute selfcognition. {BMH} V.93cd

dbye ba/ 1 sel jug gi blo/ 2
sel ba

bsal sel bsald seld {MSA}(apa n): apanayati;
{C}vidhnoti (=apanayati) clear away; remove;
throw off; eliminate; exclude; avoid {C}takes
away
so tooth; [particle indicating the end of a
Divisions:
sel jug gi blo
sel bar byed
bsald seld mode of avoidance/elimination/

removal/eradication/exclusion/clearing away
engages its object having divided it into parts;

Pan-chen: [mind] which engages its object through
the power of terminology
sel jug gi sgra
serve as efficacious means of clearing away
bsald seld clearer away
sel bsald seld apoha-pravtti eliminative

engager {GD:418} discriminative engagement
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rang
sel jug gi gang zag
sel bai thabs su gro ba
831
so mthar gyi sdom pa
pratimokasavara discipline of individual

emancipation; vow of individual liberation
so so yang dag par rig
so drang
{PH}fangs
tshangs pai gnas pa bzhii
pa thob pa thob/thob
thob thob thobs {MV}pratisavil-lbha attain
individual knowledge
so drang bsnyer ba; He flashes his fangs of

the four communions with Brahm. {LVS} =
so so yang dag par rig pa
1-02-00087-H96-SID000112
so bdun
thirty-seven
sum cu so bdun/
bzhi four correct individual knowledges{PGP

97.5}; four individual correct knowledges
so ba thick shelled barley

so bya a big black bird that cannot go into
so so yang dag rig {MSA}
pratisavedan individual correct knowledg;

individual knowledge
so so yang dag rig pa
water to get fish, so it stays on the shore and, as

the waves push them up, it catches them
so btsugs {PH}sentry
so so {MSA}pthak; pratyekam individual;
individual correct knowledge
diverse; discrete; separate; different {PH}

respective by oneself; onself; single; respectively;
singly; each one
so so skye bo
so soi skye bo
pthagjana common being
so so skye bo nyid pthag-janatva

so so tha dad pa {L}pratibhinna
{PH}
the four individual correct knowledges
so so rang gi {L}pratytma; {MSA}
pratisva individual; by oneself; individually
so so rang gis {MSA}praytma
individual; by oneself; individually; by myself{S

2}
ba {MSA}pratytma-vedanya; {MSA}pratytmavedya object of individual knowledge
so so rang rig {L}pratytma-vedya
individually distinct
so so nas {PH}respectively; mutually

so so ba {LCh}pthak distinct; discrete;
individual knowledge; know by myself/oneself
so so re re {MSA}pratyeka individually;
separate; individual; diverse; different
separately
so so ba ma yin pai chos
apthag-dharma phenomena that are not distinct
so so bai chos pthag-dharma
so so la {C}pthak; {C}pratyekam
individually; discrete; separate(ly) {C}single;

by oneself; respectively; singly; each one
so soi skye bo {C,MSA,MV}pthag-
phenomena that are distinct
sbyar sbyor
sbyard sbyord {C}sasyandayati affix; join

together {C}unite with; agree with
so so yang dag par rig pa
{C,MSA}pratisavid; {C}pratisavedan
individual knowledge {C}analytical knowledge;
recognition
so so yang dag rig bzhi
so so rang gis rig par bya
state of an ordinary being
so so sbyar
{PH}
832
jana; {MSA}prthag-jana common being;

ordinary being {C}ordinary people/person
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ theg pa gsum gang rung
gi phags lam ma thob pai gang zag Def.: a person
who has not attained the Superiors of any of the
three vehicles
Divisions:
so sor chad par byed pa
dbye ba/ 1 dmyal ba/ 2 yi dwags/ 3
dud gro/ 4 mi/ 5 lha ma yin/ 6 lha/ Div.: (1) hellbeings; (2) hungry ghosts; (3) animals; (4) people;
(5) demi-gods; (6) gods
{MSA}pratideaka explainer
so sor rtog go {C}pratyavekate
so soi mthu {L}prabhva exalted

so soi bdag {C}pratytma
individually investigate; individual investigation

{C}contemplates; investigates
so sor rtog pa {C}pratyavekate;
individually (powered) {C}by oneself; each;

singly
{C}pratyaveka; {MV,MSA}pratyavek; {MSA}

pratyavekaa; {MSA}pratyavekaaa; {MSA}
pratisakhyna individual investigation
{C}contemplates; investigates; comprehension;
knowledge; watchfullness
so soi nang {MSA}pratytman

internally; individually
so soi las {MV}pratyeka karma
so sor rtog pa
individual action/karma
so sor {MSA}pratyeka; {L}pthak; {L}
pratyekam individually; individual(ly);

ordinary; discrete; separate; diverse; different
by oneself; onself; single; respectively; singly; each
one
so sor bkag pa {C}pratiedha
individual negation {C}abolition; removal;

avoid(ing)
so sor skyes bu pthagjana ordinary
dang bsgoms pai stobs

bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {MV}pratisakhynabhvan-bala power of individual investigation
and meditation
so sor rtog pa yid la

byed pa pratyaveka-manaskra mental
contemplation of individual investigation
so sor rtog pai stobs

la brten pa {MSA}pratisakhyna-sanirit
in dependence upon the power of individual
being
investigation
being; ordinary being
{MSA}pratyavekaaka ... jna; {MSA}

pratyavek-jna exalted wisdom of individual
investigation
so sor skyes bo pthag-jana common so sor rtog pai ye shes

so sor nges pa {LCh}pratiniyama; {C}
pratiniyata distinction {C}particular to (or:
different for) each case
so sor gcod bifurcate

so sor chags pa {MSA}
wisdom of individual analysis
so sor rtogs pa
rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}pratibodha
pratidean individually confess; individually

reveal
individual realization; individually realize
so sor brtag pa {L}pratisakhy
so sor chags par gyur
individual analysis
ba {C}pratideayati individually confess;

individually reveal {C}confesses his error; see
their error
so sor brtag par bya {MSA}
(praty-ava k): pratyaveketa object of

individual analysis; will individually analyze
so sor chags par byed {C}
pratideayati individually confess; individually

reveal {C}confesses his error; see their error
so sor rtog pai shes rab
so sor brtag par byas te
{C}pratyavekate individually analyzes {C}
833
contemplates; investigates
so sor brtags gog
spang spong spangs spongs {C}pratinisjati

(=rayabalt) individually abandon {C}
throws back; abandons
brtag rtog brtags rtags {LCh}
so sor phye nas through making the
pratisakhy-nirodha analytical cessation
so sor brtags sgom pa
{MSA}pratisakhya-bhvan analytical
distinction
so sor byed differentiation;

differentiate
meditation
so sor brtags nas
so sor byed pa {PH}differentiation

so sor sbyar sbyar
brtag rtog brtags rtags {MSA}(prati-sa
khy): pratisakhyya having individually

analyzed
so sor brtags pa
sbyor sbyard sbyord {C}sasyandayati affix;

individually affix; connect {C}unite; agree with
so sor ma brtags
brtag rtog brtags rtags {L,MSA}
pai btang snyoms brtag

rtog brtags rtags {MSA}apratisakhyyopek
non-analytical equanimity
pratisakhy; {MSA}pratisakhyna; {C}

pratyavekate individual analysis {C}
contemplates; investigates
so sor brtags
pa dang bsgoms pai stobs

bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms {MV}pratisakhynabhvan-bala power of individual investigation
and meditation
so sor brtags pai gog
gog pa brtag rtog brtags

rtags apratisakhy-nirodha non-analytical
cessation{Gn-chok}
{C,MSA}pratisavid individual knowledge

{C}analytical knowledge; comprehension
so sor rang rig pai ye shes

exalted wisdom of individual self-knowledge;
pristine wisdom of individual self-knowledge
so sor thar pa {L}prtimoka;
so sor bshags pa {MSA}
pratimoka individual liberation; individual

emancipation liberation; code of moral and
religious discipline; rejection
pratidean reveal; individually reveal;

(individually) confer; (individually) confess
so sor bshags par byed
so sor thar pai sdom pa
{C}pratideayati reveal; individually reveal;

{C}confesses his error; see their error
{MSA}prtimoka-savara vow of individual

liberation
so sor mthar pa pratimoka
so sor bshags so {MSA}(prati
individual emancipation; individual liberation
so sor yang dag par rig pa

pai phyir gzung dzin
bzung zungs {MV}pratytma dhrat due to
apprehending by oneself/individually
so sor brtags min gyi
{MSA}(prati-sa vid): pratisavedayate

individually experience; experience
so sor rang gis dzin
pa brtag rtog brtags rtags

{MV}pratisakhy-nirodha analytical cessation
so sor spongs
so sor myong bar gyur ba
di): pratideaymi reveal; individually reveal;

834
sog {C} palla {PH}straw

sog byil {PH}sok-jil ear-ring [long ear-
song tshod kyi rtags sign that

appears to the mind
song tshod la
song
song song song {GD:246} [to be] in reality, in
actuality; {GD:437} actually; {GD:580} truely
ring that can only be worn by sons of aristocracy]
sog ma {C} palla {PH}straw

sog mai phung po {C}palla-puja son arrive; reach; cross
{C}heap of straw
son shing {C}gatva having gone; having
sog yul Mongolia
passed; having become {C}gone away
sog rul {PH}rotten straw
som nyi {C}saaya; {C}kkati; {C}
kkate; {C}kk doubt {C}uncertainty;
sogs {LCh}di; {LCh}dika etc; and so
hesitates; doubts; desires; hesitation
forth {PH}etc.; and so forth
sogs pa di; {C}apacaya; {C}rabhya
etc; and so forth {C}taking away; decrease;
beginn(ning from/with); take hold on; about;

concerning; relevant to; starting from; having turned
his mind to; stimulated by; initially; founded on;
following on; if I take into consideration
song
song song song song {C}

apakrmati; {C}vrajate; {C}gatva; {MSA}gata;
{MSA}nang (du) song = gata; {C}praviati; {C}
prakrmati gone; passed; become; occured;
proceeded; has been accepted{BJ 22.2}; has been
asserted [with rtags or gsal ba preceeding it];
Liu Sung Dynasty (rgya rje song, 420 - 479 ce) of
China {C}go away; depart; move along; move
on to; walk along; march on; travel; enters (into);
appear (among people); functions; proceed; go
away; set out for; take their leave
song ba
song {LCh}gata; {MSA}anugata; {MSA}

anuyta; {MSA}gamana become; gone; passed;
proceeded; occurred
song song song song sign which appears to the

mind
song tshod kyi chos can
som nyi med {C}akkaa; {C}
nisaaya; {C}nikka (=nikka) nondoubt; free from doubt {C}no hesitation; free(d)
from uncertainty
soi skye bo pthag-jana common being;

ordinary being
sor {C}aguli finger {C}toes and fingers

sor dus pratyhra withdrawal
sor mo {LCh,C}aguli fingers and toes;
fingers; finger {C}toes and fingers
sor mo lnga five fingers {VM}
sor moi phreng ba can
{PH}
Agulimla
sor moi tshigs
{PH}finger digit;
finger joint; knuckle
song song song song {GD:244} real

subject, as opposed to conceived subject (rlom
tshod)
skka having doubt; doubting {C}one who

hesitates
Divisions:
dbye ba / the bong / mdzub mo/ gung mo/ srin lag
theu chung / Div.: thumb; index finger; middle
finger; ring finger; little finger
song song song
song tshad kyi rtags
som nyi dang bcas pa {C}
sor mor ring ba {C}drgha-agulit

long fingers {C}his toes (and fingers) are long
835
sor tshigs {PU} parvguli
thin {C}very delicate; slender
srab po tanu fine; thin; to diminish; thin
{PH}finger
digit; finger joint; knuckle
sor bzhag
out
srab mo tanu fine; thin; to diminish; thin
sor bzhag tu bzhag sor gzhag jog bzhag
out
zhog leave as is; leave as it is
srab moi od gsal delicate clear
sor bzhi tsam gyis {C}catur-
light
agulam (=catur-agula-mtrea) just four

fingers {C}at least four inches
sram otter
sras {LCh,C}putra; {C}suta; {C}aurasa son;
sor bsam {GST} pratyhra-dhyna

{PH}individual withdrawal and concentration
child; offspring (hon.) {C}legitimate (son)
sos to recover; be cured

ssrava zag bcas contaminated
sarbamanggala Sarvamagala
sra ba {LCh,MSA}dha hard
sra bar byed pa {C}gh-karoti
sring lengthen; prolong

srid bh; {MSA}bhava; {MSA}mi srid =
asabhava be possible; occur; be; depth;

height; length; extension {PH}length
srid du mtho drug yod pa, In length,
[its size is] six spans. {GCG} p.17
srid dga {MSA}bhava-priya joy of
harden {C}tighten
sra zhing thas pa hard and
existence {T}
srid chags pa {MV}saktir bhave
obstructive{D1}
srang {C}rathy {C}road

srang mda {PH}scale; balance
srang ba {C}samprakayati {C}to
desire for existence; desire to be {T}
srid mtha bhavnta [existence-end];

extreme of mundane existence; almost nonexistence; {T} extreme of existence
srid dang zhi ba
illuminate; reveal; explain
srang la gzhal bas {C}tulayati;
existence and pacification
srid dang zhi ba mnyam equality
{C}palgra-pramena {C}ponder; weigh (up);

examine; compare; consider; deliberate; measure
with a tip of straw
of mundane existence and peace
srid pa {LCh,C,MSA.MV}bhava; {N}sattva;
sran {PH}pea; bean

sran chung leb mo small flat red
{N}prabhavati; {C}tm-bhva; {MV}sambhava

lasts (as in as long as
lasts); existence; cyclic existence; be; mundane
existence; length; extension; government; be
possible; occur; worldly existence {PH}
equivalence [one of the eleven pramas attributed
to Caraka]; length; extension; government {C}
becoming; personality; body; frame; personal
existence; extent
bean; red lentil
srab
bsrab/ srab/
bsrabs/ srabs/ tanu to diminish; thin out; fine;

thin
srab pa
bsrab/
srab/ bsrabs/ srabs/ {C}pratanu; {C}tanu; {MV}
salekha smooth; to diminish; thin out; fine;
{PH}mundane
836
srid pa ji srid par {C}bhavt for srid pai zug {PH}pains of existence
as long as existence [lasts] {C}until the end of
srid pai yan lag gi
becoming
bag chags bhavgavsan predispositions of

the branches of cyclic existence
srid pa nye bar len pa {C}
bhavopdnat appropriating of [new] existence

{C}producing a (new) becoming
srid pa tha mai tshe
{PH}last
srid pa mtha mai byang
of cyclic existence{BJ 9.1}
srid par kun
sems a final lifetime Bodhisattva
{PH}mundane
existence and pacification
srid pa dang
zhi ba dag las rnam par grol ba

grol grold grol grold {MSA}bhava-amavinirmukta liberation from [the extremes of]
existence and peace {T}
srid pa pho bai mdo
bhavasakranti-stra; bhavasakrnti-stra The

Transmigration Stra
srid pa bar ma {MSA}antar-bhava
srid par grub pa
grub grub grubs/grub grubs {C}

bhava-abhinirvtti established/establishment in
cyclic existence {C}rebirth in becoming
srid par gnas pa {MSA}bhavana srid par sbyor ba
yongs su zad pa sbyar sbyor

sbyard sbyord {C}parika-bhava-sayojan
extinguish the entanglements in cyclic existence
{C}with the fetters that bound them to becoming
extinguished
srid pa yan lag {L}bhavga

branch of existence
srid pa gsum {C}tri-bhava; {MSA}
bhava-traya three existences {C}triple world

{C}
creeper; creeping plant
srid pai mtha bhavnta extreme of

cyclic existence; extreme of mundane existence
srid pai bde ba {MSA}bhava-sukha

happiness of cyclic existence
srid pai brog dgon chen
srid par song ba
srid pai rtse mo bhavgra peak of
song
song song song {C}bhava-avagata gone to cyclic

existence {C}what may cause fear
srid rtse bhavgra peak of cyclic existence

srid rtse mthar thug gro {C}
bhavasya-agra-parama final peak of cyclic
existence {C}the highest sphere of phenomenal
existence
srid rtsei sa
po the great pit of cyclic existence
{PH}level of the peak of
cyclic existence
cyclic existence
tu sbyor ba yongs su zad pa

sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {C}parika-bhavasayojan extinguish the entanglements in
cyclic existence {C}with the fetters that bound
them to becoming extinguished
vsa abide in cyclic existence
intermediate existence
srid pai khri shing {C}lat
bag chags bhavgavsan predispositions of

the branches of cyclic existence
srid pai sa bon bhava-bja the seed
lifetime in cyclic existence
srid pa dang zhi ba
srid pai yan lag gi
837
srid zhi
{PH}mundane existence and
vantakas [one of the eighteen Vaibhika Schools]

The vantakas assert only the mind to be the
illustration of the Person. {Gn}
pacification; [syn. for] samsara and nirva
srid zhi mnyam nyid kyi
sbyor ba sbyar sbyor sbyard

sbyord {EO}bhavantisamatbhvanprayoga
training in the equality of mundane existence
and peace
srung ba ma {LCh}vantaka Avantakas

srung bar byed
srid la mngon dga {MSA}
bsrung srung bsrungs srungs {MSA}(rak):

rakate protect/guard/keep/maintain/preserve/
safeguard [e.g., vows and pledges]
bhavbhirma manifest delight in cyclic

existence
srid gsum {C}tri-bhava three cyclic
srung byed
bsrung
srung bsrungs srungs {C}rakati (=rake =
rakantu) protect/guard/keep/maintain/
preserve/safeguard [e.g., vows and pledges]
{C}guard
existences {C}triple world
srin po rkasas rkhasas

srin bu {C}kmi insect; worm; vermin
srin bu me khyer {C}krimiyotika
srung ma
bsrung srung
bsrungs srungs {LCh}pla protector; guardian
fireflies {C}glow-worm
families of worms
sre da {C}kradavaka a greenish type of
med/ ring finger
sreg
srin bui rigs {C}kmi-kul
{C}
grain which has a point that is bent like a hook

{C}chaff
srin mo rakas {PH}rakas; siren; ogress

srin mdzub srin lag ming
srin lag
bsreg sreg
bsregs/ sregs/ {C}dahati; tpa to burn; scorch;
scorched; roast; burning; attachment; craving
{C}burns
srin mdzub/
sreg pa
bsreg
sreg bsregs/ sregs/ {LCh}dahana; {LCh}ta
to burn; burning; scorch; scorched; roast;
attachment; craving; desire; partridge
ming med/ ring finger
srung
bsrung srung
bsrungs srungs {C}rakaa; {C}gopayati; {MSA}

(pl): playet; {MSA}(rak): rakati protect/
guard/keep/maintain/preserve/safeguard [e.g.,
vows and pledges] {C}protection; guarding;
preserve; look after
srung sdom yal bar bzhag

nas having neglected/forsaken the vows to be
protected/guarded/kept/maintained/preserved/
sasfeguarded
srung ba
bsrung srung
manifest attachment and grasping{PGP 108}
sreg sogs mngon gyur pa

manifest attachment and so forth
sregs
bsreg sreg
bsregs/ sregs/ tpa scorch
sred rgyu {MV}tara-hetutva cause of
bsrungs srungs {MSA}raka protect/guard/

and pledges]
srung ba pa {LCh} vantaka
sreg par byed {C}dahati burn; scorch

sreg len mngon du gyur te
attachment
{PH}
838
sred pa ruci (=avagraha); {C,N}sneha;
{C,MV}t; {C}paritara (=paritasan); tn
attachment; craving {C}pleasure; a taste for
(it); thirst; worry; desire; oiliness
sred pa len pa
{PH}attachment and
srog gcod par byed do {C}
jvitd vyavaropayati killing; kills {C}robs of

life
srog chags {C,MSA}prin; {C}jantu

living being {C}creature; being; vermin
grasping
sred pai chu klung {C}ta-nadi
srog chags phra mo {C}kudra-
janta small living being {C}noxious animals
{C}river of craving
sred pai rang bzhin {MSA}t-
srog chags byung po {C}pribhta living being {C}animal; being
maya natural craving; nature of craving
sred par gtogs pa {C}t-gata srog tu lta ba

included within attachment/craving {C}forms
of craving
sred par spyod pa
blta lta
bltas ltos {MSA}jva-di view of a soul
srog dang ldan pai
ldan min du byed non-associated compositional

factor which has life
spyad spyod spyad spyod {C}t-carita

practice of attachment {C}mode of craving
srog dang bral
sred len {PH}attachment and grasping

srog {LCh,C,MSA}jva; {LCh,MSA}pra;
srog
dang bral separate from life; separate from

life-force; kill {C}robs of life
srog dang bral bar byed
{C,MSA}jvita life; living being; vitality {PH}

vitality; vital essence {C}soul; livelihood
srog dang bral jvitd vyavaropayati
srog gi bar chad interference with
separate from life; separate from life-force; kill
{C}robs of life
srog dang longs spyod
life
srog gi bar chad du {C}jvita-
dang chung ma spyad spyod spyad

spyod {MSA}pra-bhoga-dra life, resources,
and a wife {T}
antarya (bhavati) {C}lose his life; in danger of

his life
srog gi bar chad byed pa la srog de nyid lus de yin {MV}

{C}jvita-antarye-kriyame {C}when in danger
of his life
srog gi dbang po {C}jvitendriya
srog mi gcod pa {C}aprivadha
not killing; non-killing {C}not killing living
life-faculty
beings
srog gcod prtipta killing;
srog med pa {C}nirjva; {C}nirjvatva
slaughter
non-life; non-living; no soul {C}has no life;

without a living soul; absence of a soul
srog gcod pa {C}prtipta;

prtighta killing {C}taking life
srog gcod pa la
sogs pai rkyen can {MSA}prtiptdi-pratyaya

having the conditions of killing, etc.
jvas tac charra that very life is that body {T}
839
srog rtsol {LCh}pryma vitality and
exertion; [restraining] vitality and exertion; wind

yoga
srog dzin
gzung dzin
slang nga
{PH}large pot [It

is] like a large pot turned face down. {KSSD} p. 14
bzung zungs life bearing [wind]
srog dzin kyi rlung
slad
gzung dzin bzung zungs vitalizing wind
srog dzin gyi rlung mi
bslad/ slad/ bslad/
slad/ to pollute; defile
shigs pa {PH}indestructible life-bearing wind
srog la lta ba
blta lta
bltas ltos {MSA}jvitpek view of a soul; view
of a living being
srog la babs pa
bab babs bab babs [life-on-descend];
dangerous to ones life; befall dangerously
srog sing vitality-lengthening

srog sring lengthening vitality{TGP}
srong bsrang /
slad kyis

The
{PH}subsequently; later
translation was [initially made] by the Mahpaita

rjna and the Lo-ts-wa Dge-bai-blo-gros [in
the 8th century], later Jo-nang Kun-dga-snying-po
compared [this translation] with a Sanskrit text and
corrected it accordingly. BSTAN GYUR DKAR
CHAG / Colophon to Toh.2697: dam tshig gsum bkod

kyi rgyal po yi ge brgya paxi sgrub thabs slob dpon ke la
dha ra nandesa mdzad pa / pandi ta chen po shri dznya
na dang lo tsa ba dge baxi blo gros kyi bsgyur ba las
slad kyis jo nang kun rnying gis rgya dpe dang bsdur te
srong / bsrangs/ srongs/ straighten
zhus dag pa == {PH} With additions from the translation
{PH}system; way; custom

lugs srol system
Ge-way-lo-dr; [this translation] was compared with
srol system; way
made by the great Pait rjna and [Rma] Lo-tsa-wa

the Sanskrit edition [of the text] by Jo-nang Gun-nying
srol gtod introduce systems [of
[Trantha]; and thus edited. == {Gene Smith} The

translation was [initially made] by the MahApaNDita
practice]; open systems [of practice]; establish

systems [of practice]; introduce customs
SrIjnAna and the LotsAva Dge-bai-blo-gros [in the 8th
srol byed to open the way; founder

srol dzin gzung dzin
bzung zungs upholder of the system{N}
sruta ruta heard

sra; sra ba dha obstructive; hard
sla su-; sukara easy; preferable{BJ 40.5}
sla ba {MSA}su-; {L}sukaram easy;
preferable
sla nga
{PH}frying pan [It

is] like a large pot turned face down. {KSSD} p. 14
sla bo easy; preferable

sla rim byas ba if you do it the easy
this translation with a Sanskrit text and corrected it

accordingly.
slad du {C}karitvd for the sake of; on
account of {C}on account of; afterwards; behind;

with the help of
slad nas afterwards; later

slad bzhin {PH}later; future
slad bzhin du {PH}later; in the future
slad rol pa {C}trthika Forder {C}
heretic
slan te jog pa avasthpan;

avasthpana re-setting; resetting
way ...
century]; later Jo-nang Kun-dga-snying-po compared
840
slam me ba glistening; shining; glittering

slar {MSA}punar again; once more; back
{PH}(arch.) outside; back later
chag khang gi slar byas la/ [He] build a
[new] outer wall to the latrine. {A4C-C}
slar brtul {C}pratisaharati
slar log ste {C}agamya
{C}thanks to;
(has) come (in) to; (by) resorting to; when he has
entered on; come; return again; because of; in the
course of
{C}draws
slar log nas {C}pratyudvartate
back; withdraws
slar dong snyam mo {C}nikrmati
(=nivartiyante) {C}turns (his) back on; returns
(=abhinikrmati) {C}depart; go off; come out

of; leave (home)
slar sdud pa
bsdu sdud
bsdus sdus withdrawal
slar sdod pa withdrawal

slar bsdu ba mdzad pas {C}
slar phan gdags par bya ba

gdags dogs btags/
brtags thogs {C}pratikra {C}repayment
slar mi ldog pai gog
bden ldog ldog ldogs ldogs a

true cessation which is irreversible
{C}answers
back
slar zhing byung ba
byung byung byung byung {C}bhyobhva

further arising {C}increase
slar yang again{BJ 28.1}; further
{PH}
What purpose is there

again; further; furthermore
by further increasing the allotment of suffering of

the further separation [caused] for these people who
have already suffered because it is their nature?
{A4C-C}
slar yang phul du
byung bai khyad par byung

byung byung byung features that are further
enhancements{BJ 59.1}
slar log {C}pungamey
{C}would again
return
snang deceptive appearance
slu ba
bslu/ slu/ bslus/
slus/ moa to deceive; deceptive
pratisahto {C}withdrawn
slar smra ba {C}pratijalpati
slas {PH}attendent; retinue

slu snang snang snang snang
841
slu ba med pa {PH}infallible

slu bar {C,L}vacayanti deceptive
{C}
pass over
slu bar gyur ba {C}visaavdayati
deceive {C}go back on (e.g.: praidhnam:

anuttara-bodhi-viaye pravtta-praidham); break
ones word/promise
slu bar byed pa {C,L}vacayanti
{C}
pass over
slu med {PH}infallible

slu med mchog gsum
{PH}
infallible Three Jewels
sleb
bsleb/ sleb/
bslebs/ slebs/ reach
slong
bslang slang
/slong bslangs slongs {MSA}utthpana ask;

beg; collect; gather; raise; cause to rise; inspire;
excite; arouse; urge on
slong ba
bslang
slang /slong bslangs slongs {C}samutthita; {C}

samutthna; {C,MSA}arthin; {MSA}ycaka; {MSA}
vyutthpana ask; beg; collect; gather; raise;
cause to rise; inspire; excite; arouse; urge on
{C}arisen (from); manifestation; arising; one who
asks for something
slong ba po
bslang slang /slong bslangs slongs {C}utthpaka;
{MSA}arthin one who asks/begs/collects/gathers/
raises/inspires/excites/arouses/causes to rise/
urges on
slong ba poi skye bo

slob dpon dra ba {MSA}crya-
kalpa like a teacher
slob dpon dbang bskur
slod byed {PH}pollution; polluting agent

slob bslab/ slob/
slob dpon dbyig gnen {MV}

crya-(bhadanta-)vasubandhu the master
Vasubandhu
slob dpon zhi ba tsho
slob grwa school

slob grwa ba student
slob brgyud lineage of disciples
slob ldan {AGP} buddhimn {PH}
ntarakita {PH}the master; ntarakita
slob dpon
yang dag bden pai brjed byang the master
Paramrthas Purification of Forgetfulness
slob dpon shan ti pa
intelligent; learned
{PH}
Acarya antipa
bslab/
slob ma {LCh,C,MSA}iya; {LCh}ikya
slob/ bslabs/ slobs/ {LCh,C,MV,MSA}aika;

ik; {C,MSA}ikate; iya learner; to learn;
teach; train in {C}one (still) in training; trains
learner; student {C}pupil; disciple
slob ma nyan thos learner Hearer

slob ma nyan thos kyi lam
{C}
one who trains
slob pa phyir mi ldog
learner Hearer path
pai dge dun aikovaivartiko bodhisattvagaa

virtuous aspirants who are irreversible learners
slob pai lam paths of learners

slob dpon {LCh,C,MSA}crya
slob ma snyan thos Hearer learner

slob ma bzang po {C}suiya good
student
slob mar gyur pa {C}iya-bhta is

a student {C}true pupil
[teaching-chief]; master; teacher; instructor
slob dpon sku mched the Master slob tshen lesson

[Asaga] and his brother [Vasubandhu]{BJ 46.7} slob bzhin pa {PU} ghaamna
one who strives
slob dpon gyi dpe mkhyud
{PH}
preceptor initiation
bslabs/ slobs/ {C}ikate to learn; teach; train

in
slob pa po {C,L}ikaka learner
karucrya compassionate teacher;

compassion of the master; the masters
compassion
{C}ancrya without teachers {C}devoid of

proper teachers
bslang slang /slong bslangs slongs {C}ycanaka;

{MSA}arthika; {MSA}arthin {C}beggar
slob pa
slob dpon snying rje {MSA}

slob dpon dang mi ldan pa
{MSA}ycanaka ... jana person who asks/begs/

collects/gathers/raises/inspires/excites/arouses/
causes to rise/urges on
slong mo pa
{MSA}crya-mui closed-fisted teacher
842
{PH}
gsang bai dur khrod brgyad
slob lam {PH}paths of learning

slobs bslab/
{PH}eight secret charnel grounds
gsang bai gnas
slob/ bslabs/ slobs/ to learn; teach; train in
slom sems su mi bya ba
spubs su nub pa {C}kovahita-vasti-guhyat

{C}his male organ is hidden in a sheath
byed pa {C}amanat {C}does not put his mind

to; no conceit
slom sems su mi byed pa {C}

amanat {C}does not put his mind to; no conceit
gsang {LCh}guhya secret

gsang sngags {LCh}guhya-mantra
gsang sngags kyi theg pa
gsang dbang guhybhieka secret

empowerment
ornaments of the three secrets [of body; speech; and

mind]
guhyamantrayna Secret Mantra Vehicle
gsang sngags pa bsgrub pa
{C}mantra-sdhana establishment of mantras

{C}evocation of mantras
gsang dus; gsang
ba dus pa na du
du/dud dus dus guhyasamja Guhyasamja;
Guhyasamja [Tantra]
gsang ba {LCh,C,L}guhya; {MSA}
gsad
gsad/ gsod/
bsad/ sod/ killing
gsad par bya ba {C}vadhya
{PH}
The king declared, The condemed, the
the condemned; someone condemned
chief of the bandits, must be killed. {A4C-C}
gsad bya ba {C}vadhya
{C}murder;
prisoner condemned to death
gsan
vinighana; rahasya secret hidden
gsang ba snying poi rgyud
gsan/
gsan/ gsand/ gsond/ listen; hear
gsan pa hear
gsab
rgyud gsang bai snying po

guhyagarbha-tantra Guhyagarbha Tantra

gsang ba dus pa;
gsang dus du du/dud

dus dus guhyasamja Guhyasamja;
Guhyasamja [Tantra]
gsa snow leopard

gsar {LCh}nava new
gsar rtogs song bai
gsang ba la mkhas pa {L}
guhya-kuala wise in secrets; wise with respect

to what is secret
gzhal bya {GD:740} newly comprehended object
{PH}
secret initiation
gsang ba shes rab dbang

bskur {PH}the secret and wisdom initiations
secret word; secret mantra {C}hidden mantra
gsang dbyings secret expanse

gsang gsum rgyan {PH}the
secret mantra
gsang ba dbang bskur
gsang bai tshig {C}guhya-mantra
843
gsar du mi slu ba prathamam
avisavdi newly incontrovertible; new and

incontrovertible
gsar pa {LCh}nava new

gsar bu {AGP} navaka {PH}novice
gsar shog newspaper
gsal {LCh}vyakta; {LCh}sphua; {C}obhsa
gsal bai dbye ba mtha

yas pa limitless divisions of instances
gsal bar {L}spaa; {L}vyakta
clearly{BJ 37.7} clarify; appear; evident;

separate; distinct
gsal bar bgyid pa
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}avabhsa-kar
(=avabhsa) clear; bright; light; predicate

[misspelling of bsal?]{BJ} {C}splendid
illumination
clarify; illuminate {C}illuminating; gives light
gsal rgyal the king Prasenajit{LCh}

gsal cha factor of clarity
gsal btab visualize
gsal mdangs {PH}radiant
gsal debs
gsal bar byas {L}vivt- clarify;

illuminate reveal; open up
gsal bar byed pa {MSA,C}(uttn

k): uttnkaroti clarify; illuminate {C}
enlarge on; amplify
gsal bar med pa {C}uttnkaroti

non-clarity; unclear {C}enlarge on; amplify
gdab debs btab thobs visualize
gsal nas {MSA}apsya having clarified gsal bar bshad clearly

explained{BJ 38.1}
gsal snang snang snang
snang snang spubha clear appearance
gsal byed {C}vyajana; {C}pradyota
consonant {PH}consonant {C}letter; verbal
gsal snang gi ting nge dzin
expression; minor characteristic; method; light
gsal byed ka sogs
{PH}meditative stabilization of clear appearance
gsal ba {LCh,MSA}vyakti; {MSA}vyakta;
{MV}abhivyakti; {N}praka; {N}saprakhyna;

{MSA}prabhsvara; {C}paita; {C}vidura; {L}
spaa; {MSA}pratata; {MSA}vinodana; {MSA}
sphua clear; brilliant; instance; manifestation;
predicate [misspelling of bsal ba?]{BJ}; clarifier;
clear{D1}; clearly {PH}elucidations; instances;
manifestations {C}learned; wise; circumspect;
skillful (of speech); appear; evident; separate;
distinct
gsal ba med par mnyam
pa {C}avibhvan-sama(tva) sameness in nonclarity {C}remain the same whatever it/they may

surpass
gsal bai mchog {MSA}uttamadyuti supreme clarity
gsal bai dbye ba
{PH}divisions
of instances
844
gsum bcu yin the consonants are the thirty, ka and

so forth {Y}
gsal byed kyi rgyan illuminating

ornament
gsal myong {PH}clear experience

gsal rdzogs mtshan dpe
{PH}vivid and complete major and minor marks [of

a Buddha or Cakravartin]
gsal zhing rags pa {L}vyaktasthla clear and coarse
gsal zhing rig pa clear and

knowing
gsal od zer {PH}radiant clear light

gsal rig luminous and knowing
gsil break down; break up (into pieces)
yul la rigs pas dpyad
de gsil ba na when an object is analyzed, breaking

it down ... {MSI 429}
gsung
gsungs/
gsung / gsung / gsungs/ {LCh,MSA}vc; {MSA}

svara; {C}svara(tva); {MSA}ghoa speech; say;
speak; mention; talk; exalted speech {C}(sound
of the) voice sku gsung thugs
gsum the three, exalted body, speech, and mind
gsung gi phrin las {MSA}vkkarman action of speech; speech karma
{PH}sayings; teachings;
analects The Analects of
Confucius {TBRC} W20222
{PH}precious instruction [epithet of Sakya Path
and Fruit tradition]
{PH}teachings; religious
instruction
slob dpon zam gdong rin
po chei rin chen phreng ba gsung chos go sgrig
ba nas grem spel zhu; Having formatted Master
Samdhong Rinpoches teachings on the Precious
Garland, [it] was published. 2014 Toh. 4158
some scriptures{PGP 69}
gsung rab la drang
nges byed pa differentiating the interpretable

and definitive with respect to the scriptures;
differentiating the interpretable and definitive
within scriptures
{PH}a
gsungs

gsungs/ gsung / gsung / gsungs/ {C}katito; {C}
ukta; {C}prakayati; {C}bhaati; {MSA}ukta
bhagavat said; mentioned; spoken; speak;
say; talk; speech {C}preached; taught; (has
been) called; spoken of; one speaks of; (as) taught;
proclaims; reveals; shows; makes known; preaches;
report; teach!
gsungs bcom ldan

das kyis {MSA}ukta bhagavat the
Supramundane Victor said:
gsungs pa {L}bhita; {MSA}khytat;
gsung rnam pa drug cu {MSA}
{MSA}nicaraa; {MSA}ji skad su ... zhes gsungs

pa = yathokta statement(s){BJ 21.3}; said;
mentioned; spoken; speak; say; talk; speech
words
ay-kra ... vc sixty kinds of speech
gsung ba {MSA}vihita say; speak; talk;

speech
gsung ba poi dgongs pa
gsungs pa ltar just as it is said ...

gsungs pai rjes su smra
thought of the speaker (the basis in Buddhas

thought)
zhin ukta-vdin (tathgatasya); {C}yath

tathgatnm ukta vdi (= vatta-vdin in Pli)
subsequently propound what is said {C}preach
what the Tathgatas have taught; (one who repeats
what the Lord) has said
gsung dbyangs yan
lag drug cu {PH}speech [with] sixty [types of]

melodies
gsung bum collected works{N}

gsung rab {LCh,C}pravacana
scriptures; high sayings {C}holy writ
thought of the scripture
gsung rab ga zhig tu in
sound that clears away speech (?)
gsung ngag rin po che
gsung rab kyi dgongs pa
byed pa differentiating the interpretable and

definitive within the scriptures
gsung bsal bai sgra
gsung sgros
gsung chos
gsung rab kyi drang nges
845
gsum {MSA,MV}traya; {MSA,MV}tri three

gsum ga all three; the three
gsum char {MV}traya third part
gsum pa {MV 4.8v}ttyaka; {MV}tty
mind-generation like gold
gser mdog {C}suvara-cchav gold
the third
gsum po the three

gsum po phan tshun {C}trika all
hue; color of gold; golden hue {C}with a golden

skin
three {C}the three
gsum dzoms
{PH}three abuundances
[offerings of food; drink; and money]
gsum gsum {PH}three each

gseg sgam {PH}leather box
gseg ma {C}arkara {PH}gravel; grit;
Golden Garland of Eloquence (legs bshad

gser gyi phreng ba) / Extensive Explanation
of (Maitreyas) Treatise of Quintessential
Instructions on the Perfection of Wisdom:
Ornament for the Clear Realizations as Well as
Its Commentaries: Golden Garland of Eloquence
gser bum suvara-ghaa golden pot

gser mig can {PH}the golden-
pebbles; sugar sugar; {C}grit
gseg shubs ma {PH}leather case

gseb among; within
gser {LCh,C,MSA,MV}suvara; {C}heman;
eyed one
The golden-eyed one who removes the poverty of
ignorance {Med. Bud.Sadhana}
gser btso ma [gold-purified]; purifies
{MV}kanaka gold; golden {C}beautiful
gold; purified gold; refined gold
gser kyis kha dog go {C}
gser yig pa
Since the envoy that
suvara-varat; {C}suvara-vara gold color;

color of gold {C}his skin has a golden hue
gser khor gold wheel

gser gyi {C}suvara golden
gser phreng Tsong-kha-pas
{PH}envoy
was sent to India by [the Chinese Emperor] Taitsung was conquered, the Tibetan king having heard
[this] and having sent [his own] army, Magadha was
[then] conquered. Red Annals
{C}
beautiful
gser gyi kha dog rnams {C}
gso
gso/
gso/ gsos sam bsos/ gsos/ poa fix up; sustain;
refresh; feed; nurture; nourish; cure
suvara gold colors {C}golden; beautiful
gser gyi rgyu las byung ba
gso thabs
{PH}medical procedure
lus
suvara-maya; {C}sauvara made of gold
gser gyi mngal hirayagarbha;

brahm Golden Womb
khams kyi stobs bskyed par bya ba brta bar byed

pai gso thabs ... medical procedures that bring
about an increase in that which generates the power
of the bodily constituents {TBRC} W20438; Gso-
{C}golden slab
rig-rnam-grangs; p.44
gser gyi gtan pa {C}kcana-paa
gso dpyad {PH}medicinal treatment

gser bco ma burnished gold{D1}
gser lta bu {L}hemavat like gold
Someone one who makes use of medicinal

gser lta bu i sems bskyed
treatments and life-extending elixirs for a certain
846
time, reverses the suffering associated with the
harmful [effects] of illness and old age. {A4C-C}
vain
gso phyir {C}cikitsana-artham for the
sake of refreshing/fixing/sustaining/curing {C}

to be cured
gso ba
{C}
insignificance; vanity
gsob tu bgyid
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}tucch-karoti {C}treat

as insignificant
gsob sa stag {C}tuccha
gso/ gso/ gsos sam bsos/ gsos/ {N}poa

nourished{N}; fix up; sustain; refresh; feed;
nurture; nourish; cure
{C}vanities;
insignificant; vain
gso ba rig pa {MSA}cikits-vidy

science of medicine
gso bar byed {MSA}(pu): poayati

fix up; sustain; refresh; feed; nurture; nourish;
cure
gso bo {C}poa nourished; fix up; sustain;

refresh; feed; nurture; cure {C}person(ality)
gso mdzad pa {C}cikitsa-krin
nourished; fix up; sustain; refresh; feed;
gsol ask; beg; wear; dress

gsol ngan {PH}bad food; poisonous food
gsol lcog table{hon.}
gsol debs
gdab debs btab thobs adhyea [ask-plant];
supplication; prayer; entreaty; plant a petition;
make a request
gsol dpon
{PH}officer in charge of
beverages
nurture; cure {C}one who accords medical

treatment
gsog
gsob nyid {C}tucchat
gsol ba {MSA}adhyea; {MSA}rocita

to ask; beg; wear; dress; explain
bsag
gsog bsags/ gsogs/ {C}tucchaka; {C}tuccha; {C}

tucchakat; {C}rikta; {C}riktaka to amass; collect
{C}insignificant; vanity; worthless; empty; what
has no durable subsistence; nullities; vanities; vain
gsog nyid {C}riktat {C}nullity

gsog tu bgyid
gsol ba btab
gsol ba gdab/ debs/ btab/ thobs/
{C}adha {=adhyeita) [ask-plant]; plant a

petition; make a request; supplication; prayer;
entreaty {C}asked about; bidden (to come);
requested
gsol ba gdab pa
gsol ba gdab/ debs/
bgyi bgyid bgyis gyis {C}rikt-karoti amass;

collect {C}treat as worthless
collect {C}insignificance; vanity
btab/ thobs/ {MSA}adhyea [ask-plant];

make a request
slay
supplication
gsog yin pa {C}tucchat to amass;
gsong po straightforward; sincere; honest gsol ba debs

gdab debs btab thobs adhyea [ask-plant];
gsod gnas {PH}place of execution
make a request
gsod pa gsad/
gsod/ bsad/ sod/ {MSA}prpahrin to kill;
gsol ba debs pa {PH}
gsob {C}tuccha
{C}vanities; insignificant;
847
gsol ras
{PH}present; gift
gos smyug poi rnam
(magical) illusion(s); deception; mock show
bsab
sbyar zhig gsol ras su gnang dug; It is [said that

he] gave [him] a robe of brown cloth as a gift.
{GCC} p.14
gsol lhung
bsabs
{PH}alms bowl; begging
bowl
gsos
bsam
bsam/
sems/ bsams/ soms/ {MSA}aya verb: think;
contemplate7 noun: thought
bsag gsog
bsags/ gsog accumulate
bsags
bsam khral
bsag
gsog bsags/ gsog {MSA}( rabh): rabdhv
accumulate
bsags pa
gsog bsags/ gsog {MSA}upacaya; {MSA}caya;

{TN}cita; {C}sacaya; {C}upacita; {C}sanicaya;
{C,MSA}caya; {MSA}prasava; {MSA}bhvana
[? = bsams?]; {MSA}sabhta; {MSA}sabhti;
{GD:126} sacita composite; accumulate {C}
heaped up; accumulated; heaping up; accumulation;
collected; heaped up; powerful; heaping together;
collection; collection; {GD:126} aggregate
{A4C}
bsam gyis khyab pa {MSA}cintya

[thought-by-covered]; conceivable; thinkable
bsam gyis mi khyab {MSA}acintya

[thought-by-not-covered]; inconceivable;
unthinkable
bsam gyis mi khyab pa
{MSA}acintya [thought-by-not-covered];
inconceivable; unthinkable
bsam ngo dang bral ba free
bsags pa rjes su dran pas dga ba yid la byed pa

{MSA}caynusmaraa-prtimanaskra since one
remembers the collections, there is the mental
engagement of joy {T}
from thought
bsam gtan {LCh,MV,C,MSA}
bsad {C}vadha killing; kill; murder

bsad pa gyur pa {C}vadhya-gata
dhyna; dhynin; {C}dhyyi; {MSA}sampatti

concentration {PH}concentration {C}
meditation; trance; meditator; meditation master;
one who meditates
bzlas brjod dang bcas pai bsam gtan
concentration with repetition {TGP}
killing; kill {C}on the way to their slaughter
bsad par gyur pa {C}vadhya-gata

killing; kill {C}on the way to their slaughter

dbye ba/ 1
Divisions:
bsad par gyur du ong {C}

anuvadhiyati {C}will kill
bsam gtan dang po/ 2 bsam gtan gnyis pa/ 3 bsam

gtan gsum pa/ 4 bsam gtan bzhi po/ Divisions: (1)
first concentration; (2) second concentration; (3)
third concentration; (4) fourth concentration
bsad par bya bar gyur ba
{C}vadhya-gata killing; kill {C}on the way to

their slaughter
{PH}misgiving; concern
Because
of being free of concern, nirvna is easy to attain
bsag
bsad bya {C}my person killed

gso/
gso/ gsos sam bsos/ gsos/ nourish; sustain
bsag
{C}
bsam gtan gyi skyon brgyad

{PH}eight faults of concentration
848
bsam gtan gyi go sgrub

bsgrubs sgrubs {MSA}sampatty-abhinirhra
manifestly establish the concentration(s)
achieving through the armor of concentration
bsam gtan gyi
bsam gtan gnyis pa
don du brtson par gyur {MSA}dhynrtham

udyato bhavati effort for the sake of the
concentration(s)
dvityadhyna second concentration
bsam gtan
gyi bde ba dag la ma chags pa {MSA}dhynasukhev asakta not attached to the blisses of the
concentration(s)
bsam gtan
dang ting nge dzin thob pa

dhyna-samdhi-lbha attain the meditative
stabilization of the concentration(s)
bsam gtan gyi bde bsam gtan dang ldan pa {C}

la ro myang med nyid {MSA}ansvdo dhyneu
sukhe non-experience of the blissful taste of the
concentration(s)
bsam gtan gyi sdom pa
dhynasavara concentrative discipline {PH}

concentration discipline
bsam gtan gyi gnas ris

{PH}Concentration Realms
bsam gtan gyi gnas ris

bzhi {PH}four Concentration Realms
bsam gtan
bsam gtan gyi phar phyin
dang poi dngos gzhi khyad par special actual

basis of the first concentration
perfection of concentration
bsam gtan dang
bsam gtan gyi tshogs

sgrub achieving through the collection of
concentration
bsam gtan gyi yan lag lnga

{PH}five concentration factors
{PH}levels of
concentrations
bsam gtan dge ba {MSA}
dhyna kuala virtuous concentration; virtue

of the concentration(s)
rnam par thar pa dang ting nge dzin dang snyoms

par jug pa mkhyen pai stobs
mkhyen mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend {MSA}
dhyna-vimoka-samdhi-sampatti-jna-bala
power of an exalted knower of concentration,
liberation, meditative stabilization, and
dhyna first concentration
tu phyin pa {MSA}dhyna-pramit perfection

of concentration
bsam gtan mngon par
bsam gtan dang
bsam gtan dang po prathama-
bsam gtan gyi pha rol
bsam gtan gyi sa
dhyna-balin; {MSA}dhynavat endowed with

concentration C}one who is strong in dhyna{
849
poi dngos gzhi tsam mere actual basis of the

Definitions:
first concentration

mtshan nyid/ bsam gtan
gyi dngos gzhii snyoms jug gang zhig tshor ba gtang
snyoms kyi sa pai rigs su gnas pa/ Definition: (1) it

is an absorption of an actual concentration and (2) it
abides in a type of a level of neutral feeling
bsam gtan dang poi dngos gzhii snyoms jug

khyad par can special absorption of an actual
first concentration
bsam gtan dang poi dngos gzhii snyoms jug
{C}dhyna-vain power with respect to

concentration(s) {C}one who is master of
dhyna
tsam po ba mere absorption of an actual first

concentration; actual absorption of a mere first
concentration
bsam gtan dang

zag pa med pai sdom pa {MSA}dhynnsravasavara concentration and uncontaminated
vows {T}
bsam gtan dang shes rab
{MSA}dhyna-praj concentration and wisdom
bsam gtan bde ba {MSA}dhynasukha bliss of concentration
bsam gtan pa {MSA}dhyyin
bsam gtan pha rol phyin
mos mos mos mos {C}dhyna-rata
interest/belief/faith/inclination towards/zeal/
keenness in concentration {C}one who delights

in dhyna
bsam gtan las byung

bde ba mngal byung byung
byung byung {MSA}dhyna-maya ... sukha-garbha
womb of bliss arisen from concentration
bsam gtan las

langs pai dod sems {PH}a mind of the desire
realm of one who has arisen from a concentration
of the concentrations
{MSA}dhyna-prami perfection of
concentration; perfect concentration
dbye ba/ 1 bsam gtan dang
Divisions:
bsam gtan phyi ma dhynottara

tantra Concentration Continuation Tantra
bsam gtan phyi ma gsum

{PH}last three concentrations
bsam gtan bzhi {N}catvri dhynni

four concentrations{N}
bsam gtan bzhi pa {MSA}
caturtha dhyna; {MSA}dhyna-caturtha;

caturthadhyna fourth concentration
bsam gtan gzugs med
poi nyer bsdogs mi lcogs med/ 2 bsam gtan dang

poi dngos gzhi tsam/ 3 bsam gtan dang poi dngos
gzhi khyad par/ 4 gsam gtan gnyis pa/ 5 bsam
gtan gsum pa/ 6 bsam gtan bzhi pa/ Div.: (1) the
[seven] preparations for the first concentration, the
not unable; (2) the mere actual basis of the first
concentration; (3) the special actual basis of the first
concentration; (4) the second concentration; (5) the
third concentration; (6)
bsam gtan gsum pa
min {MSA}vinrpya dhyna non-formless

concentration
trityadhyna third concentration
bsam du med {MSA}acinta
bsam gtan la dga {C}
inconceivable; unthinkable
dhynrma delight in the concentration(s)

{C}one who is fond of dhyna
bsam pa {MSA}cint; {C,MSA}cintita;
bsam gtan la gnas pa {C}
{C,MV}aya; {C,MSA}adhyaya; {C}ayat;

{C,MSA}abhiprya; {MV}abhisandhi; {MSA}ratha
verb: think; thinking; imagine; wish7 noun:
attitude; thought; wish {C}seat; resolution;
resolute intention; intentions; mentality; reflection;
dhyna-pratihita abide in the concentration(s)

{C}one who is established in dhyna
bsam gtan sa dhna-bhmi level(s)
concentrator; meditator
bsam gtan la dbang la
bsam gtan la mos pa
850
earnest intention; resolute; desire; purpose; attempt
(to hurt)
bsam pa dang
aya joyful thought; delight in thought
ldan pai sems bskyed pa

bskyed skyed bskyed skyed {MSA}aya-sahagata
... cittotpda mind-generation having thought
nine thoughts; ninth thought
buddhi thought and awareness
bsam pa dga ba {MSA}mudita ...
bsam pa dgu po {MSA}nava ... aya bsam pa dang blo {MSA}aya bsam pa gal {MSA}ayasya ...
virodhata contradictory thought; contradictory

with thought
bsam pa rgya chen po {MSA}
... aya pure thought
bsam pa phun tshogs excellent

attitude
bsam pa ma gos pa {MSA}nirlepa
vipula ... aya extensive thought
bsam pa gcig pa nyid {MSA}
... aya stainless thought
ekatvaya oneness of thought
bsam pa ji bzhin {C}yathbhiprya

literal thought; in accordance with thought
{C}as they had intended
bsam pa nyung ngus

chog par dzin pa gzung
dzin bzung zungs {MSA}alpa-cint-satuatva
satisfied with a small thought {T}
bsam pa mnyam pa {MSA}
samaya same thought; sameness of thought
bsam pa thag pa {C}adhyaya; {C}

aya unusual attitude {PH}unusual attitude;
earnest intention {C}(earnest) intention; resolute;
seat; resolution; intentions; mentality; resolute
intention
bsam pa thugs su chud nas
{C}aya viditv having known the thought

{C}knew of the resolve
bsam pa mthun pa {C}
samnbhiprya concordant thought {C}they

are of like intention with me
bsam pa dag pa {MSA}aya-uddhi

pure thought
bsam pa dang sgom pa

cintana-bhvana thought and meditation
bsam pa rnam dag {MSA}viuddha
851
bsam pa ma dag {MSA}auddha ...

adhyaya impure thought
bsam pa dman pa {MSA}hnaya

inferior thought
bsam pa tsam gyi
chog par dzin pa gzung dzin

bzung zungs {MSA}cint-mtra-satuatva
satisfied by the mere thought/by only thought ?
{T}
bsam pa rdzogs pa
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {C}abhiprya-
paripra complete/perfect thought {C}full of

good intentions
bsam pa rdzogs par byed do
{C}abhiprya-pariprayati fulfill/complete/
perfect ones thought {C}suits
bsam pa yang ni dag pa
{MSA}uddhir ayasya pure thought; purity of

thought
bsam pa yongs su rdzogs
pa rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs

rdzogs {C}abhiprya-paripra fulfill/complete/
perfect ones thought {C}full of good intentions
bsam pa yongs su
rdzogs par byed do
rdzogs
rdzogs rdzogs rdzogs {C}abhiprya-pariprayati
fulfill/complete/perfect ones thought {C}suits
bsam pa rlabs po che {C}udraaya great thought; great waves of thought

{C}ublime intention
bsam pa la bsten pa
bsten sten bstend stend {MSA}aya-
shes pa byung byung byung

byung {MSA}cint-maya-jna consciousness
arisen from thought/contemplation
bsam sbyor {PH}thoughts and actions

bsam sbyor ba sbyar
{PH}
Prayer That Fulfills All Aspirations
sbyor sbyard sbyord {C}aya-saprayoso {C}

resolutely intent
bsam pai sgo nas {MSA}ayatas

from the viewpoint of thought
bsam pai phyir {MSA}ayatas due

to thought
{PH}qualities
of intention
bsam par gyis {C}cintayi because

bsam par bgyid pa {C}cintya
conceivable; thinkable {C}that which one thinks

about; that which can be thought
bsam par bya ste {C}samanvharati
inconceivability; unencompassable by thought
bsam yas {MSA}acintya inconceivable;

unthinkable {PH}Sam-ye [Temple]
bsam yas dpag tu med pa
bsam yas mi gyur

lhun gyis grub pa {PH}Samye Mi-gyur Hlungyi-drup-pa [Temple] (spontaneous fulfillment of
unchanging limitless aspirations)
bsams {MSA}bhvana verb: think;
think; imagine; wish; object of thought {C}
imagine; wish7 noun: thought; wish
his mind is impressed by; consider; bring out; bear

in mind; bring to mind; behave towards; thinks to
himself
bsams pa aya; cintita; {MV}cint
verb: think; imagine; wish7 noun: thought; wish
bsam par bya ba {MSA}cintya; {C}
bsams pa las byung ba
byung byung byung byung {L}cint-
samanvharati think; imagine; wish; object of

thought {C}his mind is impressed by; consider;
towards; thinks to himself
may; {MSA}cint-maya; {MSA}cint ... maya

arisen from thought/thinking/contemplation
bsams pa las byung
bsam pas {MSA}ayatas due to
bai shes rab byung byung

byung byung {LCh}cintmay-praj wisdom
arisen from thinking/thought/contemplation
thought; because of thought
bsam mi khyab inconceivable;
{MSA}aprameya ... acintya inconceivable and

measureless
of thought; one should think {C}reflect!
bsam pas ni
{MSA}ama-bhvnta of the pacification affected

by thought; of the pacification done with thought
{T}
byung
byung byung byung cintmay arisen from
thinking; arisen from thought; arisen from
contemplation
bsam pa las byung bai
bsam pai yon tan
bsam pas zin pa zhi bai

bsam byung
sanirita rely upon thought/contemplation
bsam pa lhun grub ma
rtogs par byed pai sgo nas

rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs {MSA}cintay bodhanata
from the viewpoint of realization by thought
852
bsams pa sems pa a mind
[of the consequence]
thinking
bsams bzhin {C}sacintya
according to ones thought; spontaneously {C}

as a free agent; at will; deliberately
bsal bar gyur
bsal sel bsald seld {C}apanta clear away;

remove; throw off; eradicate; separate {C}
removed; without
sacintyopapatti arise spontaneously
bsal bar bya ba yin
skye ba {MSA}sacintya-bhavopapatti; {MSA}

sacitya-bhavopapatti (sic) spontaneously arise
in cyclic existence
bsal bya
bsams bzhin du skye ba {MSA}

bsams bzhin du srid par
bsams bzhin du srid
par skye ba {C}sacintya-bhava-pratikk

spontaneously arise in cyclic existence {C}one
who can be reborn at will
bsal
bsal sel bsald seld
{MV}apagama; {MV}apaama(?); {C}prajahati

clear away; remove; throw off; eradicate;
separate {C}forsakes
bsal dgos
bsal
sel bsald seld {C}apahartavya ought to clear

away/remove/throw off/eradicate/separate
bsal nas
bsal sel
bsald seld {MSA}prajahati{MSA}; {MSA}apsya;

{MSA}(vi dham): vidhamayya having cleared
away/removed/thrown off/eradicated/separated
{C}forsakes
bsal ba
bsal sel
bsald seld {C}nivtti; {MV}parihra; {MSA}

vyudsa; {MSA}hni; {C}utkipati; {C}nirghtana
clear away; remove; throw off; eradicate;
separate; the thesis [of a consequence] {C}
turn away from; reveal; lift (up); suspend; get rid of;
take out of; add to; suppression
bsal ba mnan par
bsal sel bsald seld {C}vikambhayati {C}

obstruct; get rid of
bsal ba song
song song
song song you have come to accept the thesis
853
bsal sel bsald seld {C}nidhypayati

is an object of removal; will clear away/remove/
throw off/eradicate/separate {C}pacifies
bsal sel
bsald seld {C}apaneya object of removal; that

which should be cleared away/removed/thrown
off/eradicated/separated; should be cleared
away/removed/thrown off/eradicated/separated
{C}should be taken away
bsal bya log sgrub
bsgrub sgrub bsgrubs sgrubs {EO}
apaneyavipratipatti wrong achievings to be

avoided; perverse achieving of that which is to be
avoided
bsil {MSA}ta cool

bsil ba {C}t-bhavati cool; be cooled
bsil ba thob par byed pa
{MSA}aitya lambhayati obtain coolness
bsil bar gyur cig {C}t-bhavati

{C}be cooled (down)
bsil zer byed
{GD:155} Cooling
Light, a poetic name for the moon
bsu
bsu/ bsu/ bsus/
bsus/ {C}pratyudgamana go to meet; escort
bsus
bsu/ bsu/ bsus/
bsus/ pratyudgamana go to meet; escort
bse yab {Das} cica; {CG} cic
{PH}
tamarind
bse ru {LCh,C}khaga rhinoceros

scimitar
sword;
bse ru lta bu Rhinoceros-like

bse ru lta bu rang sangs
{L,MSA}puya-sabhra collection of merit;

accumulation of merit
bsod nams kyi tshogs sgrub
rgyas khagaviakalpa-pratyekabuddha
Rhinoceros-like Solitary Realizer
achieving through the collection of merit
bse ru lta bui rtogs pa sngon du song
bsod nams kyi las kyi
dngos po {C}puya-kriy-vastu phenomenon of

meritorious work
bai rang rgyal gyi mi slob lam

rtogs rtogs rtogs rtogs path of no more
learning of Solitary Realizers who previously
had the realizations of rhinoceros-like [Solitary
Realizers]
bsod nams skye puyaprasava Born

from Merit
bsod nams skyes puyaprasava
bse ru lta bui rang rgyal
Born from Merit
bsod nams gyi tshogs
rhinoceros-like Solitary Realizers
bse ru lta bu;
puyasabhra collection of merit
bsod nams bgyi bai
bse ru lta bui rang rgyal khagaviakalpa

Rhinoceros-like [Solitary Realizer]
dngos po bgyi bgyid bgyis

gyis {C}puya-kriy-vastu phenomenon of
meritorious work
bsog accumulate
bsogs accumulate
bsod nyams {MSA}sukhallik
bsod nams rgya
chen rgyun mi chad chad

chad chad chad {MSA}vipula-satata-puya
uninterrupted continuum of vast merit
overindulgence
bsod snyoms pia; {MSA}pia-pta
bsod nams rgya chen po
alms
bsod snyoms kyi zhal zas
phel {MSA}puya-vddhi (vipula-) increase

extensive great merit
bsod nams rgyun mi chad
{PH}alms food
bsod snyoms chen po

satata-puya uninterrupted continuum of merit
{PH}the
great almsman (en epithet of kyarbhadra)
bsod snyoms pa {C}piaptika
bsod nams char mi phod {C}
alms-person {C}one who begs his food
kala-puya {C}an infinitesmal portion of merit
bsod nams {LCh,MSA,MV}puya;
bsod nams che {MSA}mah-puya
{MSA}sukhallik merit; virtue; meritorious
great merit
bsod nams kyi khyad par
bsod nams chen po {MSA}
{MSA}puya-vieaa feature of merit
puya mahat great merit
bsod nams kyi phung po
bsod nams dang ye
{L,MSA}puya-skandha heap of merit;

aggregation of merit
bsod nams kyi tshogs

shes kyi tshogs {MSA,N}puya-jna-sabhra
collection of merit and wisdom; collections of
merit and wisdom

854
bsod nams dang ye shes kyi rang bzhin
gyi dge bai rtsa ba phel ba {MSA}puya-jnamaya-kuala-dharma-vddhi [variant: puya-jnamaya-kuala-mla-vddhi] impel/increase {T}
the virtuous roots of natural merit and wisdom
bsod nams dang ye shes

gnyis {MSA}puya-jna-dvaya the two, merit
and wisdom,
bzhin {MSA}puya-jna-maya natural merit

and wisdom; nature of merit and wisdom
bsod nams ye shes rab

rdzogs {MSA}puya-jna-supratva complete/
perfect/fulfill merit and wisdom
bsod par byed {MSA}(m):

mrayanti kill
bsod nams phung {MSA}puya-
bswe Say Monastery (a Jo-nang-pa
skandha heap of merit; aggregation of merit
bsod nams phung po {C}puya-
monastery in Am-do Province)
bsrang
ri heap of merit; aggregation of merit
bsrang /
srong / bsrangs/ srongs/ straighten
bsod nams bya bai dngos
{C}puya-kriy-vastu; {C}puya-sabhra actual

activity of merit; actual meritorious action {C}
foundation of meritorious deed; equipment with
merit
bsod nams bya bai dngos

po {C}puya-sabhra; {C}puya-kriy-vastu
phenomenon of meritorious activity {C}
equipment with merit; (foundation of) meritorious
work
bsrangs
bsrang
/ srong / bsrangs/ srongs/ straighten
bsrab pai sa tanbhmi ground of

diminishment {PH}ground of diminishment
bsrab mo tanu {PH}diminishment

bsrabs salekha diminished; thinned
bsrabs pa {MV}salekha diminished;
thinned
bsod nams ma yin pa {MSA}
bsrabs pai sgom pa
apuya non-merit
bsod nams tshogs dang
ldan pa {MSA}puya-sabhra-sayuta having

the collection of merit
bsod nams yang dag
bsdus pa bsdu sdud bsdus sdus

{MSA}puya-samuccaya collect merit; collection
of merit
nirlekha-bhvan meditation on diminishment;

cultivation of diminishment
bsrabs pai sa {LCh,C}tanu-bhmi

level of diminishment {C}stage of refinement
bsrung khor
bsrung srung bsrungs srungs circle of protection;

protective retinue
bsrung ba
bsrung
srung bsrungs srungs {MSA}rakaa; {C}
raka protect/guard/keep/maintain/preserve/
sasfeguard [e.g., vows and pledges] {C}
preservation
bsod nams ye shes kyi tshogs dpag tu med pa

{MSA}aprameya ... puya-jna-sabhra
immeasurable collections of merit and wisdom
bsod nams ye shes tshogs

{MSA}jna-puya-sabhra collections of
merit and wisdom
bsod nams ye shes rang
855
bsrung ba med pa
on {C}emergence; come to; incur
araka; {MSA}raka; {MSA}nirrakatva; {C}

arakaa nonconcealment; without protection/
guarding/keeping/maintaining/preserving/
safeguarding {C}in which one has nothing to
hide
bsrung bar mdzad
bslangs
bslang
slang /slong bslangs slongs {MSA}(yc):
ycamna motivate; ask; beg; collect; gather;
raise; cause to rise; inspire; excite; arouse; urge
on

rakaka protect/guard/keep/maintain/preserve/
safeguard [e.g., vows and pledges]; guard;
protector
bslad pa pollution; affected by{BJ 60.4}

bslab bslab/
slob/ bslabs/ slobs/ ikate to learn; teach; train

in
bsrungs
bsrung srung
bsrungs srungs rakaa protect/guard/keep/
pledges]
bsrungs pa
bslab btus
thu ik-samuccaya [teaching-collection];

ntidevas Compendium of Instruction, P 5336,
vol. 102
bsrung
bslab pa
srung bsrungs srungs {MSA}rakaa protect/

guard/keep/maintain/preserve/safeguard [e.g.,
vows and pledges]
bslab/ slob/ bslabs/ slobs/ {C,MSA}ik; {C}

ikita; {C}ikate training; learning; learn;
teach; train in {C}moral training; moral rule;
trained; student
bsre ba mixture; combine

bsreg bsreg sreg
bslab pa
bsregs/ sregs/ tpa scorch
kun las btus pai tshig leur byas pa

btu thu btus thu ik-samuccaya-krik
bsreg pa {C}dahati; {L}pradahati; {C}
pacaya burning; burn {C}consume; destroy;

burns; roasting
bsregs
btu thu btus
[teaching-collection]; ntidevas Compendium

of Instruction, P 5336, vol. 102
bslab pa mnyam pa {C}sama-ika
bsreg sreg
sameness of training {C}one who trains evenly
bsregs/ sregs/ tpa scorched
bsregs nas {C}dagdha having
burned; burning {C}as if all burned up in flame;

burned away
bslab
pa rnams dang bsgoms pa yi bras bu

bsres combine; mixture; confuse

trainings and meditations
bsres pa confuse; combine; mixture
bslab pa sbyin pa {MSA}ikdattaka giver of teachings
bslang bslang slang
/slong bslangs slongs motivate; ask; beg; collect; bslab pa ma yin {C}aika nongather; raise; cause to rise; inspire; excite;
arouse; urge on
learner; non-learning; non-training {C}no

training
bslang ba
bslab pa gsum {MSA}ik-traya;
bslang
slang /slong bslangs slongs {C}vyutthna; {C}
abhyupaiti motivate; ask; beg; collect; gather;
raise; cause to rise; inspire; excite; arouse; urge
{MSA}ik bhvany ca phala fruit of
{N}triik threefold training{N}
856
bslab pai bras bu
rnam pa bzhi {MSA}ik-phala (catur-vidha ...)
four aspects of training; {T} the fourfold effects/
fruits of training
bslab pai tshul ik-naya mode of

training; how to train{DASI 552.6}
bslab pai gzhi {MSA}ik-pada

basis of training
bslab par bya ba {MSA}prayoktavya

object of training; will train
seductive words
bslu yon {PH}ransom

bslod byed pollutant
ha cang very
ha cang thal ba it would be very
absurd{MSI 399.3}
ha cang thal bar gyur
bslab par byao {C}pratihpayeyam ha cang ring {C}atyyata

one should train; you should train {C}I could
establish
bslab bya advice; precepts; instruction;
too long
ha la ha la {GST} hlhala
h shang
bslab gsum {PH}Three Trainings
bslab/
slob/ bslabs/ slobs/ {C}ikita to learn; teach;

train in {C}trained
{PH}[Chinese Chan master] Ha-
hwa shang
hwa shang ma ha
ya na/ Hwa-shang Mahayana (c. 800 ce)
han ldang {PH}dumb; mute

ham [connective particle:] or; and; but
ha ha [transliteration of Sanskrit word,
ha, a syllable used in many mantras]
bslabs nas {C}ikita having trained
har gyi gtam {PH}empty talk

bhar ma {PH}Burma; Burmese
{C}trained
bslabs pa ji bzhin {C}yath-
bhar mai dge slong kha
ikita {C}in accordance with their training
shas kyang de dra bzhes; Some Burmese monks

also wear something like that. {GCC} p.14
bslu/ slu/
bslus/ slus/ {MSA}visavdaka controvertible;

deceptive
bslu ba med pa avisavdaka
[deceive-not-exist]; inevitable; without deceiving;

non-deceptive; incontrovertible
h yig {PH}the letter H

hor {PH}Mongol
hor {PH}Mongolia
hor dmag {PH}Mongolian army;
bslu bai chos deceptive phenomenon

Mongolian soldiers
bslu brid {PH}deceptive seduction;
hyan tsang Hsan-tsang
alluring spell
hrang {PH}single
bslu brid tshig {PH}deceptively
{PH}poison;
shang
bslab gsum bras bu dang bcas pa lhag tshul gyi

khyad par {PH}the feature of an enhancement of
the three trainings together with their fruit
bslu ba
{C}very long;
poisonous plant
that which is to be taught
bslabs
{PH}
absurd consequence
857
hrig hrig po {PH}wide-eyed

basis of a demigod
lha {LCh,C,MSA}deva; {C,MSA}devat; {C}maru lha ma srin sde brgyad
the basis of demi-gods; common being having the
deity; god; divinity; goddess {PH}deity; god;
divinity; goddess; heavens; cloud

don dam pai lha the ultimate deity
lha sku sgom pa
lha min demigod

lha med pa non-theistic
lha mo dev goddess; queen; golden
lha mo che {PH}great goddess
lha tshe ring por {C}drgha-yuk-
bsgom sgom bsgoms sgoms meditation on the

divine body
lha sgrung {PH}folk opera

lha cig devi {PH}princess
kha cig lhan
dev {C}long-lived gods
lha yi {C} divya (=mano nukla; opp.:
cig thabs cig dang / lan cig sogs kyi cig sgra de
[some]one, together, one method, together, and so
forth are the cig words {Y}
mnuyaka) divine; of god {C}heavenly;

celestial
lha chen po mahdeva {PH}Mahdeva

lha dang mi {MSA}deva-mnua; {MSA}
lha dran thebs gcig one session
{C}Rain-
lha ye shes sems dpa
{PH}
divine wisdom being (jnasattva)
lha rig pai sengge
of being mindful of the deity
lha drug gi sgo nas
{PH}*Devavitsiha
rang lhar bskyed pa bskyed

skyed bskyed skyed generating oneself as a deity
by way of the six deities
lha sde {PH}groups of gods

lha bris {PH}artist
lha bla ma rjes su dran pa
recollection of deities and gurus
{PH}lord of
the gods; deity empowerment
lha reg {PH}ornate silk khata

lha shes {Das} devaja {PH}diviner
lha shes ma {PH}diviner
lha sa Lhasa; capital of Tibet
lha sa ba Lhasan; person from Lhasa
lha srin {PH}gods and demons (rakasa)
lha srung bsrung srung
bsrungs srungs god-protector spirit
lha dbang blo {LCh}devendrabuddhi
lha lha clear; distinct; vibrant

lhag {MSA}adhika [an intensifier:]
Devendrabuddhi; Devendrabuddhi (a student of

Dharmakrti)
lha ma yin {LCh,MSA}asura [god-not-
special; surpassing; exceeding; beyond; more;

surpassing; superior; unusual; remaining;
greater than
be]; demigod
lha ma yin pai
rten can gyi so soi skye bo ordinary beings with
lha yi rgyal po {C}parjanya

god
deva ... mnua gods and men; gods and humans
lha dbang sovereign of gods
{PH}eight
classes of gods and raksas
858
lhag cig rjes su jug pa
lhag pa shes rab kyi bslab
functions together with{S 36}
lhag gcas myang das
pa trainings in higher wisdom
lhag pai
sopadhieanirva nirvana with remainder
khrims sogs slob pa la sbyor ba

sbyar sbyor sbyard sbyord {MSA}adhildiiky niyojana application at training in
higher ethics and so forth
lhag bcas myang das
sopadhieanirva nirva with remainder;

nirvana with remainder
lhag bcas lhag
med myang das nirvas with and without

remainder
lhag pai nga rgyal {C}mna
anadhyavasnat no special attachment {C}

feeling no inclination for
lhag pai nga rgyal can {C}
(=adhimna); {C}adhimna; {C}adhimnika

exceeding pride {C}pride; conceit; conceited
lhag chags pa med pa {C}
adhimna; {C}adhimnika very proud;

unusually conceited {C}conceit(ed)
lhag mthong {LCh,C,MV,MSA}vipayan; lhag pai ting nge dzin

{C}vidarana [exceeding-see]; special insight
lhag mthong gi tshogs sgrub
achieving through the collection of special insight
lhag mthong ldan gyur pa {C}
gzung dzin bzung zungs {N}

adhisamdhi higher meditative stabilization{N}
lhag pai mos pa
mos mos mos mos adhimoka special
imagination/belief/faith/interest/inclination
lhag pai mos od gsal du bsdus pa
withdrawing everything into the clear light by way
of special imagination{TGP}
vipayayaka one with special insight; one who

has special insight {C}one who has insight
lhag ldan with remainder

lhag ldan gyi ma
lhag pai tshul khrims {MSA,N}
nges pai gtan tshigs indefinite reason having

remainder
adhila higher ethics
lhag pa {C}adhika(tara); {MSA}pariia;
{MV}adhikatva; {MV}udrikta higher; special;

surpassing; exceeding; beyond; more; superior;
unusual; Wednesday [short for gza lhag pa]
{PH}more {C}great; very; exceedingly;
excessive; further
Those palm leaves do not come to more
than three or four finger-breadths in width. {GCG}
lhag pa med pa {MSA}anadhika

without remainder; not special; not unusual
lhag pa tshul khrims {C}adhila

higher ethics {C}higher/great morality
lhag pai shes rab {C,MSA,N}

adhipraj higher wisdom
lhag pai sems {C,MSA}adhicitta
higher meditative stabilization; higher thought;

unusual mind
lhag pai bsam dag pa {MSA}

uddhdhyayika (one who has) the pure
unusual attitude
lhag pai bsam pa {LCh,C,MSA}

adhyaya unusual attitude {C}(earnest)
intention; resolute
lhag pa yi sa {MSA}pariia ... bhmi lhag pai bsam pa brtan pa

{PH}Sthrdhyaya
higher level/ground; superior level
859
lhag pai bsam pa dag pa
{MSA}uddhdhyayika (one who has) the pure

unusual attitude
lhag pai bsam pa dag

pai sa {MSA}uddhy-aya-bhmi [variant:
uddhy-adhyaya-bhmi] level/ground of the
pure unusual attitude
Rgyal-tshab RGV-UT-tika
lhag par byas {C}kta-adhikro
lhag pai bsam
lhag pai bsam pa zhan pa
lhag par byas yin {C}kta-
adhikro {C}one who has done his duties
lhag par mos pa
mos mos mos mos surpassingly intent
{C}mduka-adhyaya weak with respect to the

unusual attitude {C}his resolutions are weak
{PH}
special deity; own particular deity

ones desired deitywhich
is to be achievedis ones special deity {Dor
47b.2}
lhag par {C}adhika(tara) specially [as an

adverb]; unusual(ly); superior {C}surpassing
lhag par dga ba {MSA}abhirata
lhag par dmigs pa
adhylambana; {C}adhylambate special object

of observation; superior observation {C}
acquiring the support; uphold; look for support in;
catch hold of; hangs on to; seek (for rebirth in/on);
bases his rebirth in/on
lhag par tshe ba med {MSA}

adhyavihisaka special non-harmfulness;
especially non-harmful
lhag par zhen pa {C,MSA,MV}
unusually happy
lhag par chags nas gnas
adhyavasna especially determined; special

adherence {C}be bent on; inclination
{C}adhyavasya-tihati {C}adopt an inclination

for; feel an inclination
lhag por {PH}surpassingly

lhag ma {C}avaea; {C}svaea; {MV}
lhag par chags pa {C}
adhyavasna; {C}adhyvasati unusually

attached to {C}be bent on; inclination; inhabit;
occupy; dearly love
lhag par chags pa dang
ldan {C}adhyavasyam-panna having unusual

attachment for {C}indulges in
lhag par gtong
{C}
one who has done his duties
pa rnam par dag pai sa {MSA}uddhdhyayabhmi level/ground of the pure unusual attitude
lhag pai lha special deity
slob dpon
phags pa thogs med ces bya ba sngon rgyal ba du
ma la lhag par bya ba byas; The master called
rya Asaga, previously, performed outstanding
deeds in the presence of many victors. {RGV-G} =
avaia; {MV}avasiat; {MV}avaiutatva;

{MSA}pariia; {MV}ea; {MV}udrikta
remainder; remaining; remnant {C}has some
residue of efficacy; (karman) left over from
lhag ma gang yang yin pa de

what is left over{BJ 61.3}
lhag ma gang yang rung ba
gtang gtong btang thongs {C}mukta-tyg {C}

generous giver
{MV}anyatamvaiat any of the remaining ...
lhag par rnal byor {PH}Atiyoga lhag ma dang bcas pa {C}

svaea having a remainder; with remainder
lhag par bya ba {MSA} adhikrna
{C}has some residue of efficacy; (karman) left over
{PH}outstanding deed
from
860
lhag ma ma lus pa {N}niravaea

without remainder; completely{N}
lhag ma med pa {C}nirupadhiea

without remainder; completely {C}leaves
nothing behind
lhan rkyes kyi dga ba
lhag min anavaea without remainder

lhag med myang das
sahajnanda innate joy
lhan skyes {LCh}sahaja [together-with-
nirupadhieanirva nirva without

remainder; nirvana without remainder;
remainderless nirvana
born]; innate; inborn; natural
lhag mos
mos mos mos

mos adhimoka special imagination/belief/faith/
interest/inclination towards/zeal/keenness
lhag tsam {PH}little more (than)

lhag bsam {LCh}adhyaya; {MSA}
natural odor
lhan skyes kyi rtsa bai kha
dog sahaja-mla-vara natural primary color
lhan skyes bde stong
{PH}innate
lhan rgyas {PH}together

lhan cig {LCh,MSA}saha; {C,MSA}
lhag bsam dag pa special pure
srdham; {MSA}sama together {C}together

with; all together
thought; special pure attitude {PH}pure

unusual attitude
lhan cig kun tu rgyu ba
lhag bsam dag pai
rgyu rgyu rgyu rgyu {C}(saha)samavasarati

{C}connecting with; come together
sems bskyed mind-generation of special pure

thought
lhan cig skyes pa {LCh,L}sahaja
lhag bsam pa dag pa {MSA}
[together-with-born]; innate; inborn; natural

born together (with)
uddhdhyayika pure unusual attitude
lhan cig skyes pai
{C}
gnas ngan len {MV}sahaja dauhulya innate

bad states; {T} taking up bad innate states
superior training
lhan cig tu {C}srdham together;
{C}fallen into;
come out
together with {PH}together; together with {C}

with
lhan cig tu skyes pa
{C}shines upon;
appear bright
{PH}
coemergent
lhang nger dug pa {C}virocama
lhan cig gnas pa {C}savasati
(srddha); {C}sasarga abide together {C}
{C}blazing forth
lhan skyes kyi dri sahaja-gandha
bliss-and-emptiness
adhyayika special pure attitude; unusual

attitude
lhang {PH}clear
lhang nge {C}virocate
lhang lhang clear sound; distinct sound

lhad ma zhugs pa
unspotted
avaea remainder left over{N}
lhags gyur {C}patita
{C}
shines upon; appear bright
zhug jug zhugs zhugs {C}aabala {C}
lhag ma lus pa {N}iyat; {N}
lhag bslab pa {C}atiik
lhang nger byed pa {C}virocate
861
become partial to; become intimate with close
contact with; commerce with
lhan cig gnas par gyur ba
{C}savasati (srddha) abide together {C}

become partial to; become intimate with
lhan cig byung
observation
byung byung byung byung {MSA}samapravtti

co-arisen; arise together
lhan cig byung bai rgyu
lhan gcig together; together with; all

together
byung byung byung

byung sahabhuu-hetu co-arisen cause
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ phan tshun dus mnyam rdzas tha dad

kyang yin/ phan tshun skye ba la gegs mi byed pa yang
yin pai gzhi mthun par dmigs pa/ Def: Those which
are observed as common loci of being different
substantial entities [produced] mutually at the same
time and not acting as an obstacle to the production
of each other.
lhan gcig mi gnas gal

*sahnavast-virodha contradictories not
abiding together
lhan ne {C}tapati {C}gleamed; warms

lham {MSA}(tap): tapati {PH}shoe
lham gog shoes
lham pa {MSA}pratapana; vtta polygon;
square
lham me {C}bhrjate blazing
lhan cig byed rkyen
{C}gleams
[with negative: be dimmed]
sahakripratyaya cooperative condition {PH}

cooperating condition
lham me brjid blazing brightly{DASI
lhan cig byed rkyen
522.2}
sahakripratyaya cooperative condition {PH}

lhan cig byed pai rkyen

lhan cig byed pai rkyen
lham meo {MSA}(bhs): bhsate

blazing
{PH}
{PH}
lhai {C,MSA}divya [{C}=mano nukla; opp.:

mnuyaka] divine; of god(s) {C}heavenly;
celestial
lhai nga rgyal
lhai ngar
rgyal divine pride; pride of being a/the deity
{PH}
lhai ngar rgyal
lhai nga
rgyal divine pride; pride of being a/the deity
cooperating cause
lhan cig byed bras cooperative

effect
lhan cig mi gnas gal
*sahna-vasth-virodha not abiding together;

contradictory in the sense of not abiding together
Definitions:
mtshan nyid/ rgyun bcad
bya gcod byed kyi sgo nas mi mthun par gnas pa/
lhan cig dmigs nges
simultaneous certification; simultaneous
lhan cig byed pai rgyu
Def: discordant abiding from the viewpoint of the

continuum of the one being being the eliminator of
the continuum of the other
862
lhai bsnyen pa divine approximation

lhai rten can gyi so soi
skye bo common being having the basis of a god
lhai rnal byor devat-yoga;

devayoga deity yoga
lhai bu gro mgyogs
thob thob thobs {MSA}anbhoga ... knti-lbha

spontaneously attain forbearance
{PH}
Devaputra Avins
lhun grub chos sku
lhai bui bdud devaputamra god-
{PH}
spontaneously established Truth Body
child demon
lhun grub tu spontaneously

lhun grub tu jug pa
lhai mig divyacaku divine eye

lhar bcas {L}sahadeva theistic
anbhogovhana; anbhogavhana
spontaneously engaging; spontaneous
engagement
together with the gods; heaven
lhar bcas pa sahadeva theistic

lhas sbyin {LCh}devadatta Devadatta
lhug pa lhug lhug
lhun grub pa {C}anbhoga; {L}
nirbhoga spontaneity; spontaneously {C}

there is nothing they can be directed to; does not
turn towards; not turning towards an (external)
object; impassive; miraculously produced; selfproduced; produced; existing
lhugs lhugs pour out
lhug par amply; liberally; abundantly

lhung ba lhung lhung
lhung lhung fall
lhun grub par bzod pa
alms bowl {PH}alms bowl {C}bowl; person

worthy of
lhun grub brtsegs
lhung byed cause to fall

lhung bzed {LCh,C}patra begging bowl;
lhun {C}skandha aggregate
{C}mass; heap;
trunk; shoulder; group
lhun gyis grub pa {LCh,C,MSA}
lhun
{PH}
lhun grub; lhun gyis grub

pa {LCh}anbhoga; nirbhoga spontaneity;
spontaneously {C}there is nothing they
can be directed to; does not turn towards; not
turning towards an (external) object; impassive;
miraculously produced; self-produced; produced;
existing
lhun po {LCh}meru Meru; Mt. Meru [the
mountain said to be at the center of the universe

in traditional Buddhist cosmology]{D1}; a large
mountain{D1} {PH}beautiful
womb
thob/thob
lhun grub gzugs sku
lhums {LCh,MSA}garbha; {MSA}kuki
gyis grub pa glo bur rnam dag gi yon tan

spontaneously accomplished qualities of purity
from adventitious [defilements]
bzod pa thob
{PH}Spontaneously Accomplished Mound [n. of

a charnel ground]
spontaneously established Form Body
anbhoga; {L}nirbhoga spontaneity;

spontaneously; spontaneously established
{PH}spontaneous {C}there is nothing they
can be directed to; does not turn towards; not
turning towards an (external) object; impassive;
miraculously produced; self-produced; produced;
existing las
bzhi lhun gyis grub par byed pai don yod grub pa
[The Buddha] Amoghasiddhi who spontaneously
accomplishes the four activities
lhun gyis grub par
thob thob/thob thob

thob thobs {MSA}anbhoga ... knti-lbha
spontaneously attain forbearance
863
lhums su zhugs pa
zhug jug zhugs zhugs garbhvakrnta
initiation; ablution; consecration
entering the womb
a bhi e ka ba abhieka
lhur be intent on something; take
[transliteration of Sanskrit word, abhieka];

empowerment; initiation; ablution; consecration
responsibility
lhur mdzad pas my intense work
a ma mother [term of address]

a wa; a lba child; children
a wa dh ti pa {PH}Avadhutipa
(hon.); take responsibility
lhur len {MSA}para; {MSA}parama be

intent on something; take responsibility
lhur len pa {MSA}para; {MSA}parama
[Maitripa]
be intent on something; take responsibility
lho dzam bu gling; dzam
gling jambu-dvpa the southern continent of

Jambudvpa; the Indian subcontinent; the world
lhod loosen
rtsa mdud lhod pa

loosen the channel knots{TGP 40}
lhod pa {C}aithilya loosen; loose
a yin I doubt it; I dont think; is it so or

not?
a yod I doubt it; I dont think; is it so or

not?
a ru ra {L}haritak myrobalan arjuna;

universal medicine
a la la aho!; ah!
a li {PH}the vowels
an da rnyil; an dha rnyil
{C}
laxness
lhod pa nyid
{PH}loose
gal te chags pai ching
ba lhod pa nyid du mi gyur na ... If the bonds of
love were not loose, ... {A4C-C}
indranla [transliteration of Sanskrit word,

indranla] {S}sapphire
lhod lhod relaxed

indra ni la {LCh}indranla {PH}
sapphire
lhod lhod po {PH}loose; very loose
lhoi dod ma {PH}desirous southern i ndra bhu ti chung ba kambalapda
Lawapa, Kambalapda, or Shakraputra
[right] channel at the heart
in dra nai la {LCh}indranla
a ka ru {L}agaru agaru plant; aloe vera

a ka ru nag po {L}kgaru {S}
[transliteration of Sanskrit word, indranla];

sapphire
black agaru tree
a ku uncle
a ti ati [transliteration of Sanskrit word,
ati, short for atiyoga]
a mdo Am-do
a nu anu [transliteration of Sanskrit word,
anu, short for anuyoga]
a bhi e ka abhieka [transliteration

of Sanskrit word, abhieka]; empowerment;
864
in dra ni la indranla sapphire

u pa upa [tantra] Performance Tantra {T}
u ru su Russia
ut pa la utpala lotus; blue lotus
utpa la {PH}Utpala flower
utpala {PH}Utpala flower
utpa la can {Negi} utpalaka {PH}
Utpalaka
utpa la can gyis kyang nor bzangs
la mngon par phyag btsal nas smras pa; Having

respectfully paid homage to Sudhana, Utpalaka
spoke. D 4152: vol. 169; folio/line 125a.6
ut pa la ltar gas pa utpala

Utpala (Hell)
ut wa la utpala lotus; blue lotus

e na ya antelope
e ma {PH}O!; Ah!; Alas! O, it is
amazing! {Gn}
em rje doctor
on kyang {C}api tu khu
{C}but on the
contrary
o swa sti o svasti
865
The UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies Tibetan-Sanskrit-English Dictionary mainly grew from the
experience of a group of translators who worked with Jeffrey Hopkins. Arising from group interaction over five decades in the process of translation, the Dictionary reflects the process of translation rather than an attempt to include as many words as possible from the Tibetan language.
The compilation of terms was started by Joe B. Wilson on index cards which were Xeroxed in
groups onto pages, but shifted to an early Apple computer which allowed the collection to be
entered into a database with fields for the entry, Sanskrit, tenses including verbal elements in nouns
and adjectives, the approved English, examples, definition, divisions, and comments. John C. Powers added translation equivalents and Sanskrit from the works of Edward Conze and others, and
Paul Hackett added almost 2,000 entries; Jongbok Yi added 1,300 entries with English in bold type
from the translation of Jam-yang-shay-pas Seventy Topics by Hopkins and Yi.
Jeffrey Hopkins is Professor Emeritus of Tibetan Buddhist Studies at the University of Virginia
where he taught Tibetan Buddhist Studies and Tibetan language for thirty-two years from 1973.
He received a B.A. magna cum laude from Harvard University in 1963, trained for five years at
the Lamaist Buddhist Monastery of America in Freewood Acres, New Jersey, USA (now the Tibetan Buddhist Learning Center in Washington, New Jersey), and received a Ph.D. in Buddhist
Studies from the University of Wisconsin in 1973. He served as His Holiness the Dalai Lamas
chief interpreter into English on lecture tours for ten years, 1979-1989. At the University of Virginia he founded programs in Buddhist Studies and Tibetan Studies and served as Director of the
Center for South Asian Studies for twelve years. He has published forty-two books, some of which
have been translated into a total of twenty-two languages. He published the first translation of the
foundational text of the Jo-nang school of Tibetan Buddhism in Mountain Doctrine: Tibets Fundamental Treatise on Other-Emptiness and the Buddha-Matrix. He has translated and edited sixteen books by His Holiness the Dalai Lama, the last four being How to See Yourself as You Really
Are; Becoming Enlightened; How to Be Compassionate; and The Heart of Meditation: Discovering Innermost Awareness. He is the Founder and President of the UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies.
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The Uma Institute for Tibetan Studies

Jeffrey Hopkins, Editor

The Uma Institute for Tibetan Studies

Jeffrey Hopkins, Editor

UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies

Education in Compassion and Wisdom

{standing for Pal-jor-lhn-drub} Pal-jor-lhun-drub (dpal 'byor lhun grub).

{standing for Conze} Edward Conze. Materials for a Dictionary of the

DASI: {standing for Decisive Analysis of Special Insight} Lo-sang-dor-je (blo

Khetsun Sangpo, Biographical Dictionary of Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism.

LAK: {standing for Lo-sel-ling Awareness and Knowledge} Jam-pal-sam-pel

LSR: {standing for Lo-sel-ling Signs and Reasonings} Tsl-trim-nam-gyal (tshul

{standing for Nakamura} Zuiryu NAKAMURA. Index

{standing for prasannapad} Chandrakrti. Clear Words: Commentary on

{standing for Yamaguchi} Susumu Yamaguchi. Index to the Prasannapad

YT: Ye-shay-thub-tan (ye shes thub bstan) oral commentary.

The Uma Institute for Tibetan Studies

ka {PH}[verbal suffix meaning about to]

k la tsa kra klacakra Klacakra

cycle]; beginningless cyclic existence; cycling

[transliteration of the Sanskrit]; Wheel of Time

kai nye bai nyon mongs pa

{PH}the three Ka-wa

{L}upaklea secondary afflictive emotions

kara pa {PH}the people of Kara

ka dag {PH}primordially pure

kas gdugs {C}chattra

[beginning-pure]; essential purity; pure from the

kun {C,MSA}sarva; {MSA}akhila; {MSA}

ktsna; {MSA}samagra; {TN}mtra all; complete;

mtshan nyid/ gdung degs don byed nus pa Def.: That

kun dkris paryavasthna thorough

which can perform the function of supporting a

ka bum gnyis the twopillar and pot

kun dkris; dkun

{PH}pillar and pot, the two

nas dkris pa na dkri dkra

kun khyab mun pa

ka bum gnyis chos

kun mkhyen kun gzigs

all-knowing and all-seeing

kun mkhyen nyid

three [core Sanskrit grammarians;] Klpa

Tenses: future, present, past, imperative

mkhyen mkhyen mkhyend mkhyend {LCh,C}

can/ yin pa mi srid pai shes bya yin par thal/ It

k ya kya body [transliteration of the

ka bum; ka ba dang bum pa

ka tsan dbyangs gsum

ka ba pillar; column; pole; post

{PH}pulse [felt with / under the

jatva omniscience; all-knowingness {C}(state

kun groi dbye ba ni/ tshor ba/ du

kun mkhyen bu ram shing pa

shes/ sems pa/ yid la byed/ reg pa/ Div.: feeling

mkhyen mkhyen mkhyend

mkhyend ikvku The Omniscient Sugar-Cane

kun gyi don grub byed

kun gro bdag nyid {MSA}sarva-

/ grub grub grubs/grub

gtmika that which has an omnipresent nature

kun groi rgyu sarvatraga-hetu

grubs (MSA)sarvrtha-siddhi accomplishing/