The Word Within the Word * List #3 homo spee duet fer (same) (look) (lead) fearry) thang) (small) (water) ight) fall) ive) er) {look) (all) (out) (mary) (again) (under) (false) (nerve) (cut) (blood) Girst) (sound) (one) (life) homogenize, homonym, homophone, homologous, homozygous spectaeles, specter, specious, spectrum, respect, inspect, prospectus conduct, ductile, induc, product, reduction, deduction, reproduction transfer, infer, refer, defer, conifer, Lucifer, aquifer, aurferous pending, pendulum, pendant, impending, depend, pendulous, suspend micron, microscope, microwave, microphone, microcosm, microbiotic hydroplane, hydroponics, dehydrate, hydcant, hydrogen, hydrophobia photograph, photometer, photon, photogenic, photosynthesis panorama, panoply, pandemic, pantheism, pantheon, Pan-American ‘pentagram, pentagon, pentameter, pentathlon, pentarchy, pensahedron telescope, telephone, telekinesis, telepathy, teleology, telesthesta, telex video, invidious, Montevideo, evidence, provide, videogenic, vide, videlicet ‘omnifarious, omnipotent, omnivorous, omniseient, emnibus, omnipresent cxit, except, excise, exculpate, elucidate, exorbitant, eccentric, enumerate polyphony, polygyny, polygamy, allopolyploidy, polyvaient return, review, retouch, reiterate, retail, revive, regenerate, regurgitate hypodermic, hypocrite, hypotenuse, hypothermia, hypothesis, pseudonym, pseudopod, pscudomorphic, pseudoscience, pseuddoevent neuron, neurosurgeon, neurosis, newology, neuralgia, neurotomy tonsillectomy, appendectomy, neurotomy, dichotomy, anstomy, lobotomy bhemati hematite, hematology, hematoma, kernal, hematogeness protoplasm, prototype, Protozoa, proton, protohumn, protomorphic symptony, telephone, phonetic, phonograph, euphony, cacophony ‘monotonous, monomania, monocular, monogamous, monolithie, monotone Vivid, vivisection, vivacious, convivial, bon vivant, viva, viviparous, revive 37 SOPYRIGHT © 2000, 2003 ROYAL FIREWORKS TUBLISIING CO, INC. THIS PAGE MAY NOTBE COPIED. PEE: Greek Greek Greek Greek Greek Greek Latin Latin Greek Latin Greek Greek Greek Greek Greek Greek Greek Greck Greek om‘The Word Within the Word + Stem Close-Up #3 apo away ° up ¢ off ‘The Greek stem apo, which we define as meaning away or up, actually can have @ wide variety of meanings, and is sometimes shortened to ap, Though apo often means away, it can moan detached, from off, from, or even back, Here are some of the interesting words that contain apo in its various shades of meaning: apodictic: apothecary: apogee: aperture: aphorism: apocalypse: apogeotropism: apocope: aposiopesis: apophasis: apoplexy apotheosis apostrophe: apostle: apology: apostate: aposematic: apophyge’ popempti apomixis: apologue: 16 shown by argument, His argument developed an apodictie certainty. ‘a pharmacist. Romeo bought his fatal potion froma an apothecary, farthest point. The moon reached its apogee from the earth ‘an opening, The lovers saw each other through the aperture in the wall. ‘concise statement, Franklin delighted France with his witty aphorisms. a revelation, He was mesmerized by the ancient apocalyptic writings. growing away from gravity. The apogeotropic plants grew high in the wind. dropping the end of @ word. He used gpocopes such as “my bes” friend.” ‘break in thought. “I wish—but you doa’t care,” he seid in aposiopesis, saying that you won’t mention, “I won't remind you,” bis spophasis began, a stroke, His former vigor was damaged by dissolution and apoplexy. deification, Odysseus refused apotheosis to retura to his wite addressing someone in speech. He began with aa apostrophe to the Muse. ‘one sent on a mission, The computer representative had an apostle’s zeal 2 formal defense. Plato wrote about Socrates's Apology to the Athenians, @ renegade. The cynical apostate had once led the opposition party. ‘waning. The insect’s bright, aposematic colors waned frogs of its poison. curve at the end of a column. They leaned on the apophyge of the column. valedictory. They used to calla lachrymose pasting an apopemptic farewell. onsexual reproduction, The botanist studied apomixis in plants, 2 short allegory. The historian collected charming medieval apologues. 38 COPYRIGHT © 2000, 2003 ROYAL FIREWORKS PUBLISHING CO, INC. THIS PAGE MAY NOT BE COPIED, iidisieieletisieliaeeitit Cee eee eee10. UL. 2 B nrg eee tert enoreceees ete men M4 15, 16. m 18. 19, The Word With the Word » Sentences #3 ‘The English language contains many homophones like to and fo. Jt was a specious argument, but it sounded convincing. ‘The youth was indueted into the army. ‘The transfer was made inthe darkness of a moonles night. ‘The patent is still pending o that prove. “The two bacteria were only a meron apart. ‘The fire hydrant stood infront ofthe school. ‘An overexposure tothe sun's photons gave her a sonburn, “The god Apollo was a member ofthe Greck pantheon, He wore a pentagram on his sleeve, nota pentagon. ‘The strange boy covld move distant objects by telekinesis “The kids played video games for hours. “The all-consuming fary munchor had an omnivorous appt ‘The surgeon was able to excise the tissue with a sealpe Johana Scbastian Bach composed polyphonte msc. is new novel was carefully reviewed by the literary criti ‘The erash victims suffered hypothermia onthe frozen tundra “The amoeba uses its pseudopods to move across the surface. ‘The brain is said to contain over 100 billion neurons, ‘The clown received an emergency appendectoray inthe medical tent ‘ros ore is called hematite because of its deep red color. ‘Single-cetleg animals are known 2s the Protozoa “Musicits play together i a symphony. ‘he Geran prince peered choo his gold simmed monocular. 24008 agsinst viviseetion prevent cruelty to animals 39 COPYRIGHT © 2000, 2003 ROYAL. FIREWORKS PUBLISHING CO, INC. ‘THIS PAGH MAY NOT BE COPIED,omniscient hydrogen homophone omnivorous pseudonym anatomy phonograph ceuphony ‘monotonous convivial exculpate product pantheon polymorphous neurology ‘monogamous homogenize hydrosphere omnipotent hypodermic psendoscience hematology ‘monomania pseudopod Protozoa ‘The Word Within the Word » Mystery Spelling #3 omni sci ent hydro gen hhomo phon & pseudo nym ane tomy phon o graph ex phon y mono ton ous con viv ial ex clp ae pro duct pan theo poly morph ous neuro logy mono gam ous hhomo gen ize hydro. sphere ‘omni potent hypo dem ie psendo sci ence hema to logy tno mania pseudo pod Proto 20 a 49 ‘COPYRIGHT © 2000, 2903 ROYAL FIREWORKS PUBLISHING CO., INC, THIS PAGE MAY NOT BE CoPIRD, nih‘The Word Within the Word + Mystery Questions #3 1 2. 3. 4 5 6 1 8 9. 10. Do a pendant and a necklace have anything in common? Do homologous structures have dissimilar constructions? Is.a vivacious personality a vicious personality? Isa convivial person a wallflower? 1s dependent person self-sufficient? Is pantheon one god or group of gods? Is polygamy marriage to more than one person? Ifa culprit is exculpated, is he out of trouble? Is 8 weak, indecisive person omnipotent? Is.aclam's pseudopod a true leg? ANSWERS Yes, they both hang (pend) around tho neck. No, they have the seme (homo) or similar purposes (log: reason), No, a vivacious person is fall of (ous) life (viv) 'No, a convivial person likes to live the good life (viv), feasting and celebrating together (con) with his fiends. ‘No, a dependent porson supports himself by hanging (pend) down (de) from (}) others. A pantheon is « collection ofall (pan the gods (theo) ‘Yes, polygamy is the marriage (garuy) to many (poly). ‘Yes, exculpation is getting out (ex) of blame (culp). No, omnipotent means alt (ora) powerful (poten. Noy itis a false (pseutlo) leg (poe). ae a COPYRUGIET © 2000,2003 ROYAL. FIREWORKS PUBLISHING CO,, INC. THIS PAGE MAY NOT BR COPIED,‘The Word Within the Word + Ideas #3 EVALUATION: 1. Why do you respect people? What is the difference between the people that you do respect and the people that you don’trespect? 2. Do you think it would be better to write & short story from the author-omniseient point of view of from the point of view of only one ofthe characters? INTUITION: If you were to be pursued by a ferocious, carnivorous criter, what critter would you leas like to be pursued by? 2. Judging by the name, what do you think it Iooks ike in Montevideo, Uruguay? Imagine everything you can about the city. EMOTION: 1, How would you feet if someone accused you of using specious reasoning, and did so in front of your friends? How Jong would your feelings last? 2. What emotions are associated with the word convivial? ARSTHETICS: 1, Can you ereate a vivid mental image of a spectrum? Can you see the brilliance of each color? What order are the colors in? Which one is the most beautiful? 2, What colors would you like to use for an oil painting of a Protozoan? SYNTHESIS: 1. How many words on List #3 could be considered to have anything at all to do with sound’? After you find the words, that are obvious, look for words that have a less obvious connection, 2. Pick out the words on List #3 that would be good to use in @ ghost story, 18 42 COPYRIGHT © 2000, 2003 ROYAL FIREWORKS PUBLISHING CO,, INC. THIS PAGE MAY NOT BE COPIED. eee‘The Word Within the Word + Analogies #3 ‘euphony : cacophony 3: ‘microcosm : miczobiotic beautiful: ugly photon : photometer provident: future polyphonic : polygamy :: ‘pantheism : religion hydroponics : deduction homologous : monotone melody marriage eccentric : conventional :: ‘pseudopod : pseudonym oligarchy : pentarchy deduction: reduction nonconformity : conformity 1pseudoscience : science :: revive : vivacious vivacious : revive anatomy : lobotomy pseudonym : name omnivorous : herbivorous :: ‘omnifacious : omnipotent Pan-American : river all: plant specious : authentic 10. 43, elucidate : explain : reiterste : stolid reiterate : repeat symphony : cacophony eulogy : euphony telekinesis :tetesthesi ‘moving : feeling telescope : microscope inspect : introspect ‘ecceniic': centrifugal dichotomy : trichotomy :: bicycle : rieycle viviparous: vivisection lobotomy : brain hydrant : hydrogen poetry : government ‘government : poetry distance : five ruler : measore hypothesis: thesis ues : idea theory : supposition bypothecate : Hypotenuse iden s image ‘RIGHT © 2000, 2008 ROYAL FIREWORKS PUBLISHING CO, INC. THIS PAGE MAY NOT BE COPIED. 19‘The Word Within the Word » Analogies #3 ‘euphony ; cacophony :: beautiful : ugly Aesthetic relationship. The adjectives at right describe the qualities of the sounds at left, Euphony is beautiful sound; ‘cacophony is ugly sound. 2, polyphonic : polygemy :: melody : marriage Subcategory ¥s. category, The terms at left are specific examples of the more general terms at right. Polyphony is a form melody as polygamy is a form of marriage. 3, eccentric: conventional :: noneonformity : conformity A and B are opposites, and left and right are synonyms. The eccentric person is not conforming to conventions. psoudoscience : science :: pseudonym : name Aisa ‘Omnivores eat all as herbivores eat plants, 6. elucidate : explain = reiterate: repeat Relationship of identity. To do A is to do B. 7. telekinesis: telesthesia :: moving : feeling Moving vs. sensing. The terms at let mean doing the ins at right from a distance 8. dichotomy : trichotory :: bicycle : tricycle ‘Simple numerical relationship. 2 to 3, Divided into two is o divided into three as two wheels are to three wheels, 9. pentameter : pentarchy = poetry : government ‘The left terms are subcategories of the right categories. Pentameter is a type of poetry, pentarchy is a type of government. 10, hypothesis: thesis = guess: idea “The terms at right are informal synonyms for the formal scientific terms at left. A hypothesis become a fin’shed idea, or thesis. 1 guess which may 44. COPYRIGHT © 2000, 2003 ROYAL FIREWORKS PUBLISHING CO., INC, THIS PAGE MAY NOT BE COPIED, heerThe Word Within the Word * Notes #3 Specious reasoning is false reasoning, reasoning which may sound convincing at first, but which upon further examination turns out to be false. The stems reveal the idea betind the word: & specious argument oaly looks good; it is full of (ous) look (spec), not truth ‘What must one do in order to provide for the future? Providing for the future isa simple matter if one will enly look (vid) forward ¢pro). A hypodermic needle is appropriately named; itis a needle that goes under (hypo) the skin (derm), A Micropoem: A parent with dependent children may find that the children are dependent in more ways than one, Imagine a parent who cannot move because of the children who are hanging (pend) down (de) om all sides! Invidiious comparisons are those which create jealousy, which excite envy. It would be invidious to choose one ftiend for special praise in ftont of other friends. An invidious action is one which admits one person or persons and leaves the others om the outside looking (vid) in (in) enviously. A biologist might note that a seals flippers and a person's hands are homologous structures. This would mean that they serve a similar purpose, as their similar structure indicates, Flippers and hands share some of the same (homo) reasons (log) for being. (A note: the similarity of structare may reveal evidence of a long-ago common ancestor more than it does present-day similar purpose or usage, Homologous structures can be as different from one another as birds’ wings and seals’ Hippers.) Spanish Cognates: One of the most important observations to gain from the study of the etymology of English vocabulary is chat English andl Spanish share thousands of words that are cognates, related words, that have common origins, Often, the English and the Spanish word share not only a stem, but even more than ono stem, and often in the same order. As examples, here are some English words from this lesson, and their Spanish cognates: conduct : condueta dehydrate: deshidratar omnivorous: omnfvoro reiterate: reitorar pseudonym: seudGaimo hematology : hematologie 45 20 PPYRIGHIT © 2000, 2009 ROYAL FIREWORKS PUBLISHING CO., INC. THIS PAGE MAY NOT BE COPIED,‘The Word Within the Word + Classic Words #3 mn each case below, one of the choices was really the word used by the author inthe sentence provided. All of the choices can be found in the example words onthe first page of this lesson, Your challenge is 1 decide which word the author sed. This is not atest; itis more like a game, because more than one Word choice may work perfectly well. See if you ean use your sensitivity and intwition to guess correctly which wond the author used. You may need a dictionary. 1. From Emily Bronte's Wathering Heights He might have had s—__ 2. cacophony ». prospectus «©. wlekinesis 4. monomania fon the subject of his departed idol. 2 From Rachel Carson's Silent Spring ‘The present difficuldes have been born of just such _ reasoning, a. specious b. omniscient . monolithic 4. pendulous 3. From Sir Walter Scott’s Ivankoe Gurth, knowing bis master’s irritable temper, attempted no pantheon | . cuphony . viviseetion 4. excuipation 4. From William Makepeace Thackeray's Vanity Fair He was lazy, peevish, and a a, pontarchy >. pseudonym, ¢.bon vivant 4. protohuman S. From Joseph Heller's Carch-22 i ‘Yossarian found himself listening intently to the fascinating _ of details polyphony b. elucidation .exorbitanee 4. spectrum 21 46 ‘COPYRIGHT € 2000, 2003 ROYAL FIREWORKS PUBLISHING CO,, INC, THIS PAGE MAY NOT BE COPIED.‘The Word Within the Word Test #3 HOMOtogous SPECtacles DUCTile inFER PENDulous MICROseopic HYDROsphere PHOTOgraph PANorama PENTAthion “TELEphione inVIDiows OMNIvorous EXobiology POLY morphous REpeat BYPOtneuse PSEUDOnym NEUROtomy ichoTOMY HEMAtologist PROTOLype PHONeties MONOmania ‘vivacious cI ' { aT ANTHROPOlogist BIBLIOgrapity NEOphyte AUTObiography BlOlogical AQUAtic AUDItion CREDUlows anthropoLOGY inSCRIBe dePORTation DICTation ANTEcedent EXTRA\crrestrial POSThumous “Rllateral Dismiss INTERrogation INTRAmural INTROduetion MALicious, SUBterfuge ADhesive CONFerence CIRCUMEerence INTAT /PYRIGITE © 2000, 2003 ROYAL. FIREWORKS PUBLISHING CO,, INC. PERMISSION IS GRANTED TO COPY THIS PAGE.