WELCOME

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SUB:-BIOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

NAME:- DHANESH SANJAY GHULE

STD:- 12th

DIV:- SCI

NAME OF COLLEGE:- AMRUTVAHINI

MODEL SCHOOL AND JUNIOR COLLEGE

GUIDANCE:- MISS. SATPUTE D. S.

TOPIC OF PROJECT:- BIOTECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION
TO BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology

is a branch of

biology that deals with the techniques of using live

organisms, enzymes or biological processes to develop
products and provide services for human welfare.

TODAY BIOTECHNOLOGY IS
UNDERGOING RESURGENCE IN THE WIDE
RANGE OF APPLICATIONS.
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

RECOMBINANT DNA
TECHNOLOGY
RECOMBINANT DNA
TECHNOLOGY IS THE TECHNIQUE
OF MANIPULATING THE GENOME
OF A CELL OR ORGANISM SO AS TO
CHANGE THE PHENOTYPE
DESIRABLY.

FOLLOWING ARE THE BASIC STEPS

INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS;
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

ISOLATING GENOMIC DNA OF A DONOR.THE CELL

OR ORGANISM FROM WHICH THE REQUIRED GENE IS
TAKEN IS CALLED DONOR.
FRAGMENTING THIS DNA USING MOLECULAR
SCISSORS(enzymes).
SCREENING THE FRAGMENTS FOR A DESIRED GENE.
INSERTING THE FRAGMENTS WITH DESIRED GENE
INTO A CLONING VECTOR.
INTRODUCING THE RECOMBINANT VECTOR INTO A
COMPETENT HOST CELL.
CULTURING THESE CELLS TO OBTAIN MULTIPLE
COPIES OR CLONES OF DESIRED FRAGMENT OF DNA.
USING THESE COPIES TO TRANSFORM SUITABLE
HOST CELLS SO AS TO EXPRESS THE DESIRED GENE.

TOOLS USED :
ENZYMES :
DIFFERENT ENZYMES USED ARE:
1. RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES
2. DNA LIGASE
3. REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
4. DNA POLYMERASE
5. ALKALINE PHOSPHATASES

PROCESS :
DNA TAKEN FROM BOTH THE SOURCES IS
FRAGMENTED BY RESTRICTION
ENDONUCLEASE. THE RESTRICTION
ENZYME CUTS BOTH MOLECULES AT THE
SPECIFIC SITE.
THE ENDS OF THE CUT HAVE AN
OVERHANGING PIECE OF SINGLE
STRANDED DNA CALLED STICKY ENDS

TRANSPOSONS,PLASMIDS AND
BACTERIOPHAGES :
TRANSPOSONS ARE SEQUENCES OF DNA
THAT CAN MOVE OR TRANSPOSE
THEMSELVES TO NEW POSITIONS WITHIN
THE GENOME OF A SINGLE CELL.
[THEYARE ALSO KNOWN AS JUMPING
GENES]