.

Columns
.') General
Ma^\Ze\neZmbhglbgmabll^\mbhgbeenlmkZm^3
.'*=^lb`gh_Zghg&le^g]^k^]`^\henfgnlbg`aZg]\Ze\neZmbhg'
.'+=^lb`gh_Zi^kbf^m^k\henfgnlbg`bm^kZmbhgh_^jnZmbhglmh]^m^kfbg^k^bg_hk\^f^gm
k^jnbk^f^gml'
.',=^lb`gh_Zgbgm^kgZe\henfgpbmaab`aZqbZeehZ]'
.'-=^lb`gh_Zle^g]^k\henfgk^jnbkbg`Zmph&ahnkk^k^lblmZg\^'
Bg`^g^kZe%ZqbZeehZ]lZg]klmhk]^kfhf^gmlZk^Zllnf^]mh[^ZoZbeZ[e^'Ma^]^lb`gl\hglb]^k
le^g]^kg^llbghk]^kmh]^m^kfbg^]^lb`gfhf^gml%F>]'Ma^\henfglZk^]^lb`g^]Zg]\a^\d^]
_hk[bZqbZe[^g]bg`'Ma^^__^\mlh_Zeehpbg`_hkbfi^k_^\mbhglZk^beenlmkZm^]'
:`^g^kZef^mah]h_]^lb`gbg`\henfglblZl_heehpl'BgikZ\mb\^%l^o^kZeh_ma^l^lm^ilfZr[^
\hf[bg^]'
N =^m^kfbg^]^lb`geb_^'

EC0 & NA Table NA 2.1

N :ll^llZ\mbhglhgma^\henfg'

EC1 (10 parts) & UK NAs

N =^m^kfbg^pab\a\hf[bgZmbhglh_Z\mbhglZiier'

EC0 & NA Tables NA A1.1

& NA A1.2(B)

N :ll^ll]nkZ[bebmrk^jnbk^f^gmlZg]]^m^kfbg^\hg\k^m^

BS 85001

lmk^g`ma'
N <a^\d\ho^kk^jnbk^f^gml_hkZiikhikbZm^_bk^

k^lblmZg\^i^kbh]'

Approved Document B,
EC212

N =^m^kfbg^\ho^k_hk_bk^%]nkZ[bebmrZg][hg]'

Cl. 4.4.1

N :gZerl^lmkn\mnk^_hk\kbmb\Ze\hf[bgZmbhgfhf^gml

Section 5

Zg]ZqbZe_hk\^l'

134

N <a^\dle^g]^kg^llZg]]^m^kfbg^]^lb`gfhf^gml'

Section 5.8

N =^m^kfbg^Zk^Zh_k^bg_hk\^f^gmk^jnbk^]'

Section 6.1

N <a^\dliZ\bg`h_[ZklZg]ebgdl'

Sections 8 & 9

<henfgl
.'* Edge column
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mh]^lb`g\aZkml'
Ikhc^\m]^mZbel

<Ze\neZm^][r

chg

Ch[gh'

Edge column

<a^\d^][r

web

La^^mgh'

<eb^gm

TCC

=Zm^

CCIP 041
1
Oct 09

A 300 mm square column on the edge of a at slab structure

supports an axial load of 1620 kN and rst order moments of
38.5 kNm top and 38.5 kNm bottom in one direction only. The
concrete is grade C30/37, fck = 30 MPa and cover, cnom, = 25 mm.
The 250 mm thick at slabs are at 4000 mm vertical centres.

38.5 kNm
NEd = 1620 kN

38.5 kNm

Figure 5.1 Forces in edge column

5.1.1 Check slenderness, l

Effective length, l0 = factor l
where
factor = from Table C16, condition 2 each end
= 0.85
l
= clear height = 3750 mm
= l0 = 0.85 3750 = 3187 mm
Slenderness l = l0/i

Cl. 5.8.3.2
Table C16,
PD 6687: 2.10

Exp. (5.14)

For examples of load take-downs and 1st order moment analysis see Section
5.3.2

Effective lengths are covered in Eurocode 2 Cl. 5.8.3.2 and Exp. (5.15). The
effective length of most columns will be l /2< l0 < l (see Eurocode 2 Figure 5.7f).
PD 6687[6] Cl. 2.10 suggests that using the procedure outlined in Eurocode 2
(5.8.3.2(3) and 5.8.3.2(5)) leads to similar effective lengths to those tabulated
in BS 8110[7] and reproduced in Table 5.1 of Concise Eurocode 2[5] and in this
publication as Table C16. For simplicity, tabular values are used in this example.
However, experience suggests that these tabulated values are conservative.

Fig. 5.7
PD 6687[6]:
Cl. 2.10
Cl. 5.8.3.2(3)
5.8.3.2(5)
Table C16
135

where
i = radius of gyration
= h/120.5 for rectangular sections
l = 3187 3.46/300

= 36.8

5.1.2 Limiting slenderness, llim

llim = 20 ABC/n0.5
where
A = 0.7 (default)
B = 1.1 (default)
C = 1.7 rm = 1.7 M01/M02
= 1.7 38.5/(38.5) = 2.7
n = NEd/Acfcd = 1620 103/(3002 0.85 30/1.5)
= 1.06
llim = 20 ABC/n0.5
= 20 0.7 1.1 2.7/1.060.5
In this example llim = 40.4 i.e. > 36.8
= Column not slender

Exp. (5.13N)
Cl. 5.8.3.1(1)

5.1.3 Design moments

MEd = max[M02; M0Ed + M2; M01 + 0.5M2]
where
M02 =
where
M
ei
e0
M02 =
=
=
M0Ed =
=
=
=
M2 =
M01 =

Cl. 5.8.8.2(1)

M + eiNEd e0NEd

Cl. 5.8.8.2, 6.1.4

= 38.5 kNm
= l0/400
= max[h/30; 20] = max[300/30; 20] = 20 mm
38.5 + 1620 3.187/400 0.02 1620
38.5 + 12.9 32.4 kNm
51.4 kNm
0.6M02 + 0.4M01 0.4M02
0.6 51.4 + 0.4 (38.5 + 12.9) 0.4 51.4
20.6 20.6
20.6
0 (column is not slender)
M02

= max[M02 ; M0Ed + M2 ; M01 + 0.5M2] = 51.4 kNm

Cl. 5.2.7, 5.2.9

Cl. 6.1.4

= MEd = 51.4 kNm

5.1.4 Design using charts (see Appendix C)

d2 = cnom + link + f/2 = 25 + 8 + 16 = 49
d2/h = 49/300 = 0.163
= interpolating between d2/h = 0.15 and 0.20
for
NEd/bhfck = 1620 103/(3002 30) = 0.60
136

Figs. C5c), C5d)

.'*3>]`^\henfg

MEd/bh2fck = 51.4 106/(3003 30) = 0.063

Asfyk/bhfck = 0.24
As = 0.24 3002 30/500 = 1296 mm2
Try 4 no. H25 (1964 mm2)

5.1.5 Check for biaxial bending

ly /lz 1.0
i.e. ly /lz 2.0 = OK but check Exp. (5.38b)

Cl. 5.8.9
Exp. (5.38a)

As a worst case MEdy may coexist with e0NEd about the orthogonal axis:

Cl. 6.1(4)

ey/heq
ez/beq

(MEdz/NEd)/h
(MEdy/NEd)/b

MEdz
MEdy

Exp. (5.38b)

Imperfections need to be taken into account in one direction only.

= As a worst case for biaxial bending

Cl. 5.8.9(2)

MEdz = M + 0 = 38.5 kNm

MEdy = e0NEd = 32.4 kNm
38.5
MEdz
=
= 1.19 i.e. > 0.2 and < 5.0
32.4
MEdy

Exp. (5.38b)
= Biaxial check required

Cl. 5.8.9(4)

Check whether
(MEdz/MRdz)a + (MEdy/MRdy)a 1.0

Exp. (5.39)

where
MEdz = 38.5 kNm
MEdy = 32.4 kNm
MRdz = MRdy

Figs. C5c), C5d)

To determine MRdz, nd MEd/bh2fck (and therefore

moment capacity) by interpolating between d2/h = 0.15
(Figure C5c) and 0.20 (Figure C5d) for the proposed
arrangement and co-existent axial load.
Assuming 4 no. H25,
Asfyk/bhfck = 1964 500/(3002 30) = 0.36
Interpolating for NEd/bhfck = 0.6,
MEd/bh2fck = 0.094
= MRdz = MRdy = 0.094 3003 30 = 76.1 kNm
a is dependent on NEd/NRd
where
NEd = 1620 kN as before

Cl. 5.8.9(4),
Notes to Exp.
(5.39)

137