Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene Drainage Pipe AASHTO Designation: M 252-09 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene Drainage Pipe AASHTO Designation: M 252-09 1. SCOPE 1 ‘This specification covers the requirements and methods of test for corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe, couplings and fittings for use in subsurface drainage systems, storm sewers, and in surface drainage (culverts), where soil support is given to the pipe’s flexible walls in all applications. Aaa. ‘Nominal sizes of75 to 250 mm (3 to 10 in.) are inctuded, 14.2. ‘Materials, dimensions, pipe stiffness, environmental stress-crack resistance, pevforations, joining systems, and forms of marking are specified. Note 1—Whea PE pipe is to be used in locations where the ends may be exposed, consideration should be given to combustbility of the PE snd the deteriorating effects of prolonged expasure 10 ultraviolet radiation, 12. ‘Units —The values stated in ST units are to be regarded as standard, Within the tex, the USS. customary units ate shown in parentheses, end may not be exact equivalents 13. ‘The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9.3 ofthis specification. This standard does not purport to address all ofthe safety concerns, ifany, associated with its use 136 the responsiblity ofthe user ofthis standard to establish appropriate safety ana health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior 0 use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 24 AASHTO Standard: HR 16, Roguletory Information for Chemicals Used in AASHTO Tests 22. ASTM Standards: wD 618, Standard Practice for Con ioning Plastics for Testing M1883, Standard Terminology of Terms Relating fo Plastics m1 D 1693, Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene Plastics m1 2122, Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings 1D 2412, Standard Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parullel-Plate Loading, 1D 3350, Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials wD 4218, Standard est Method for Determination of Carbon Black Content in Polyethylene Compounds by the Mufile-Fumace Technique WD 4218, Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon Black Content in Potyethylene ‘Compoinds by the Muffle-Furnace Technique TS-4b M 262-1 ‘AASHTO, © 200 by the Amen Assciston of tt Hihnsy sn Transportation Oficial, ‘All Spa esd. DipeaonF412, Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems TERMINOLOGY aa “The terminology use In ths standards in accondance with the definions given in ASTM D 883 and ASTM F 412 unless otherwise specie, 32. crach—Aay break or spit hat extends tough tho wall, 33. crease —An inesoveruble indentation generally asoclated with wal bueling, 34. reworked material—A plastic from a processor’s own production that has been reground, pelletized, or solvated efter having been previously processed by molding, extrasion, et, (asta D883), 4. CLASSIFICATION 4A ‘The comugated PE pipe covered by this specification is cessfiod as follows: ada. ‘Type C—This pipe shall have a full citeula eros setion, with a corrugated suefece both inside 412. AADA 42. and outside, Comrugations may be either annular or helicsl. ‘Type CP—This pipe shall be Type C with Class 2 perforations. ‘Type $—This pipe shall have fall circular cross section, with an outer corrugated pipe wall and a smooth inner finer. Corrugations may be elther annular or helical, Type S pipe is not available in nominal sizes of less than 100 mn (4 in.) ‘Type SP—This pipe shall be Type $ with either Class 1 or Class 2 perforations. (Class 1 and Class 2 perforations areas described in Sections 74.1 and 74.2. 5A. BAA. 5.1.3, ORDERING INFORMATION Orders using this specification shall include the following information as novessary to adequately deseribe the desired product: AASHTO designation and year of issue; ‘Type of pipe (Section 4.1); Diameter and length required, ether total length or length of each piece and number of pieces; Note 2—Type C and CP pipe less than 200 mm (8 in.) in dismeter may be supplied coiled; coiling of Type C and CP pipe 200 mm (8 in.) in diameter or greater is not recommended; Type S and SP pipe is not supplied in coils. Number of couplings; 252: > 01D y the American Associaton of Sie Highway ad Transportation OF Ai ae eserved. Dapleston ition applicable5.1.5. For Type SP pipe, class of perforations (Class 2 is furnished if not specified) (Section 7.4); and 516. Catifietion, i desired (Section 12.1), a MATERIALS 6 Basle Materials: 6A Extruded Pipe and Blow Molded Fitings—Pipe and fittings shall be made of virgin PF. resin compounds meeting the requirments of ASTM D 3350 and cell classification 424420, except thatthe carbon black content shall not exceed 5 percent, Resins that have higher cell Classifiations in one or more properties are aeptable provided product requirements are met 612 Rotational Molded Puings and Couplings—Vitings and couplings shall be made of virgin PE ‘resins meeting the requirements of ASTM 1 3350 and cell elassfieation 2133200, except that the ‘arbon blact eontent shall not exceed 5 percent. Resin that have higher cell lasiications in one ‘or more properties are acceptable provided product requirements are met. 6.1.3. Injection Molded Fittings and Couplings—Vittings and couplings shall be made of virgin PB resins meeting the requirements of ASTM D 3350 and coll classification 314420C, except that the ‘Carbon blac content shall not exceed 5 percent, Resins chat have higher ell classifications in one ‘or more properties are acceptable proved product requirements are met 62. Reworked Materlal—tn tea of virgin PE, clean reworked matcrial may be used, provided tha it rneets the cell lass requirements as desorbed in Section 6.1. 7 REQUIREMENTS 7A. Workmanship —The pipe and fittings shall be free of foreign inclusions and visible defects as defined herein, The ends of the pipe shall be cnt squarely and cleanly so as not to adversely affect joining or omecting. TAA, Visibte Defocts—Cracs, creases, unpigmented or nonuniformly pigmented pipe are not permissible. 7A2. “mer Liner—For Type S and SP pipe the innerliner shall be fase fo the outer comugated wal t all internal commugation crest 72. Pipe Dimensions 724, Nominal Size—The nominal size forthe pipe and fitings Is based on the nominel inside diameter of the pipe. Nominal danster shall be sized for Type C and CP pipe in not less than 25-mm (L in.) increments from 75 to 250 mm (3 to Ii ). Nominal sizes shall be sized for Type S and SP_ pipe in not less than 50-rom (2 in. increments fromm 100 0 250 mn (0 10 In), 722. Inner LinerFor Type wd SP pipe, the innerliner sall have a minimum thickness of 0.$ mim {6.02 ing for pipe of 100 mm (4 in.) and 150 mm (6 in.) nominal size nda minimum thickness of 10.6 mm (0.025 in.) for pipe of 200 mim (B in, and 250 mm (10 in. nominal size, when measured in accordance with Section 95.4 Te 1252-3 AASHTO {© 2010 by the American Assestion of State Tighvay an Taneparation Ofte Ai des waewved: Duplication sa olan el apple aw723, Inside Diameter Tolerances—Tie tolerance on the specific peroeat witen measured in aecondance with Section 9.5.1 fe diameter shall be 44.5, 1.5 724. Lengif-—Comugsted PE pipes an extruded product and may be sold in any length agrecable to the user, Lengths shall not be less than 99 percent of the stated quantity when measured in accordance with Section 9.5.2 73. uring and Coupling Dimensions: 73.4. ‘Tho maximum allowable gap between fiting or coupling and pipe shall not exceed 3 mm (0.1 in.) unless otherwise specified. 7.3.2. All tings and couplings shall be within an overall length dimensional tolerance of £12 mm (05 in.) of the manufacturer's specified dimensions. 14. Perforations When perforated pipe is specified, the perforations shall conform to the requirements of Clas 2, unless oterwise specie in the order. Class 1 perforations are for pipe jnteaded tobe used for subsurface dreinage or combination stom and undedrain. Class 2 perforations are fbr pipe intended to be used fr subsurface drainage only. The perforations shall be cleanly eut so as ot to restrict the inflow of water. Where circular perforations are preferred, the dell shall not penetrate the side walls of the eorugatfons Pipe eomnecied by couplings or ‘ands may be unperforated within 100 mm (in. of each end ofeach length of pipe. Note 3—Pipe ordered under Class 1 perforations has no requirement as to infet area because it specifies size, number, and location of holes. Alternate perforation patiems should be agreed to ‘between the purchaser and manufacturer. TAA. Class 1 Perforations—The perforations shall be approximately circular and shall have nominal diameters of not more than S mm (0.2 in.) for 100- and 150-mm (4- and 6-n.) dismeter pipe and ‘not greater than 10 mm (0.4 ia.) for 200- and 250-mm (8- and 10-in) diameter pipe. The holes shall be arranged in rows parallel to the axis ofthe pipe, The location of the perforations shall be in the valley ofthe outside corrugation and in each corrugation. The rows of perforations shall be arranged in two equal groups placed symmetrically on either side of the lower unperforated segment corresponding to the flow line ofthe pipe. The spacing of the rows shall be waiform. The distance of the conterlines ofthe uppermost rows above the bottom ofthe iavert, and the inside chord lengths of the unperforated segments illustrated in Figure 1 shall beas specified in Table 1. All measurements shall be made in accordance with Section 9.5.3. Table 1—Rows of Perforations, Height Hof the Centerline of the Uppermost Rows above the Invert, and Chord, Length 1 of Unperforated Segment, for Class 1 Perfurations ‘Nominal Diameter, Rows of Perforations™ HM 7,Min# rma Gin) mim (in.) mm (in) 750) 7 350.8) 30) 1006) 2 450.75) 6505) 196 4 70275) 956.15) 20048) 4 407) 13065) 250 0) 4 0a 1600653) "nna pnber fay A pe auroras ened near alls uence posto mics. Note ‘er ef ree or hn ho (dre pendent on te conga ich + Seagwe lroeton ofaimens end. TS-4b 262-4 AASHTO © 2010 by the Arnerian Asavitin of State Highay anf Teanspatatin Officials ‘Al ssha reserved. Daplestion ina olaion af appa laFigure 1—Requitements for Perforations 742. Class 2 Perforations —Civeular und slotted perforations shall conform tothe maximum ‘dimensions as shown in Table 2. Pecforations shall be placed in the outside valleys ofthe ‘cextugations, The water inlet area shell bea minimum of 20 em (1 in.*R) of pipe. All ‘measuroments shall be made in accordance with Section 9.5.3. Table 2—Maximum Pecforation Dimensions ‘Nominal Pipe Diilled ole SlotedHioles Diameter, men (in.) Diameter,mm (in) Wid aco a.) Teng mim Gn) 750) “$75 0.19) 3.12) 250) 100) 4750019) 3001) 250) 1596) 450.39) 3019 as) 2008) 6250.25) 3@12) 00a 250680) 40003) 20a 3002) 75. Pipe Stfhiess—Type € pip, as described in Seotion 4.1.1, shall have a minimum pipe stifiness (2S) of 240 kPa (35 pt) at 5 percent deflection; and Type pipe, as desribed in Section 4.1.2, shall havea minimum PS of 340 kPa (50 psi) at S percent deflection wha tested in aovordunce With Section 9.1. The pipe ested shall contain perforations, if specified, 78. ipa Flattnng—There shall be no evidence of wall buckling, cracking, spliting, deletion, or decrease or dowaward deviation in the loed-dflection curve wien te pips is tested in accordance with Section 92 1. Environmental Stress Cracking—There shal be no cracking ofthe pipe when tested in necordence with Section 93, 1S45 M2625 AASHTO (2 20108y the Ameren Asin of Se Higa and Tnspraion Ofc i ahs eacved Duplistion a vation of appeal a78. Briitleness There shall be no cracking ofthe pipe wall when tested in aecordance with Section 9.4 except as specified in Sections 7.8.1 and 7.8.2. Note 4—the brittleness testis similar to that described in ASIM F 405. 784 Cracks with a maximum chord length of 10 mm (0.4 in. thet originate a a porforstion or at either nd ofthe sample shall not be cause for rejection 78.2 Splitting along a seam or mold parting line is ot caused by brittleness and should be evaluated asa workmanship defect as described in Section 7.1.1 ifno spit exceeds 50 mm (2 in.) in chord length. 79. Fitting and Coupling Requirements: 794, ‘The fittings and couplings shall not reduce or impair the overall integrity or function of the pipe line. 7.9.2. ‘Common corrugated fitings include reducers, tees, wyes, and end caps. Note 5—Only fittings and couplings supplied or recommended by the pipe manufaeturer should beused. 793, tings and couplings shall not reduce the inside diameter ofthe pipe being joined by more than 5 pereent ofthe nominal inside diameter. Reducer fitings shall not reduce the eross-sectional area ‘ofthe smaller size, 79.4. Pipe connested by in-line couplers shall not separate when tested in accordance with Section 9.6.1 795. ‘The coupling shall not erack or crease when tested in accordance with Section 9.62, 7.96. ‘The design of the couplers shal be such that when connected withthe pipe, the axis of the assembly will be fevel and true wher tested in accordance with Section 9.63, 8. ‘CONDITIONING 84. ‘Conditioning —Congition the specimen prior to test at 23 + 2°C (73.4 43.6*F) for not less than 24 hours in seoordance with Procedure A in ASTM D 618 for those tests where conditioning is required, and unless otherwise specified. 82. CConaltons—Conduct the test in a laboratory temperature of 23 42°C (734 +3.6°F) unless ‘otherwise specitied herein. 9. TEST METHODS: a4. Pipe Stifiess—Select a pipe specimen and test for PS as described in ASTM D 2412, with the following exceptions. ott. “The test specimen shall be 300. 10 mm (12 0.4 in.) ong, cut to inelude full comgations. M2525 ‘AASHTO. 2010 y de Anpevian Asotin of Site Highay and Tarsponation Oita, Alig ered. Depletion ia vlan of apa nw9.4.2 ‘Locate the specimen inthe loading machine with an imaginary Hine connecting the two seams formed by the corrugation mold (end view) parallel to the loading plates. The specimen must flat on the plate within | mm (0,04 in.) and may be straightened by hand bending at room temperstare to accomplish this. 943, ‘The deflection indicator shal be readable and accurate to 0.03 mua (0.00% in.) o44. ‘The residual curvature found in corrugated pipe, especially that furnished in coil, fequently result in an eratic load-deflection curve, When this oceurs, the beginning point for deflection ‘measurements shall be st & load of 20: 5 newtons (4.5: I Ibi) This point shall be considered as the origin of the load-deflection curve. Note 6—The parallel plates must exceed the tength of the test specimen as specified above, Note 7—Additional pipe specimens may be tested at other orientations for PS and flattening if desired. 92. Pipe Flattening—Flaton the pipe specimen from Section 9.1 until the vertical inside diameter is reduced by 20 pereent. The rate of loading shall be the same asin Section 9.1. The specimen shall {ail if wall buckling, crseking, splitting, or delamination is observed with the unaided eye or if there is a deerease ar downward deviation in lond-deflection curve ut 20 pervent or fess deflection. ‘The load-deflection curve shall he carried beyond 20 percent deflection so thatthe shape of the ceurvo at 20 percant deflection ean be determined. 93. Environmental Stress Cracking—Test sections of the pipe for environmental stress cracking in accordance with ASTM D 1693, except forthe following modifieatic 93.4. ‘Two specimens shal be tested. 93.2. ach specimen shall consist of a 90-degree are length of pipe without perforations as shown in Figure 2, Figure 2— Specimen Configuration for Environmental Stress Cracking 933 Bend the specimens to shorten the inside chord length 20+ 1 pervent and retain in this position using a suitable holding device. Determine the are chord dimension (B) of the specimen under test 2s follows: = 084 o where: A= thenside chord dimension before beading, and B= the same dimension taken after bending. (See Figure 2,) TS-4b MM 26o-7 AASHTO (2 200 by te American Assocation of Sit High and Trnspotaton Oia Al ah zene, Dugetion a woltion a appa9.3.4 a4. mn Dep Geadutlon for Sain Pale NS = Rotate Mecransm sie w stow ——} Place the bent specimen in a container of suitable size and cover completely withthe preheated ‘wetting agent 100 percent “Igepal CO-630,” a trade name for nonylphenoxy poly (ethylencoxy’) ethanol, at 0°C 2 2°C (122°F + 3.6°F). Maintain this temperature for 24 hours, and then remove the sample and inspect immediately. For recommended practices on using specific chemicals to test plastie pipe, refer to R 16. Britleness—Test owo samples of pipe at an impact of 4S joules (35 fr) between two fat parallel plates using the apparatus depicted in Figure 3, 2.54 Mass is losead to Test | ouide shat Figure 3—Britieness Test Device 04.4. 942. 9.4.3. ‘Curthe sample specimens 150 mm (6 in.) long from one continuous length. Condi specimens at -4°C£ 2°C (25°F £3,6°F) fora minimum of 1 hour. Set the 9.5-ky (20 Ib) top plate fora free fall of $00 mm (20 in. to the uppermost surface of the specimen, Locate the specimen on the bottom plato with the plane of the corrugated seams parallel to the plato, 94.5, Drop the upper plate and impact test the specimen within 30 seconds of removal from the conditioning environment. 946. ‘Remove and inspect in acoordance with the requirements of Section 7.8. TS M2528 AASHTO £2010 bythe Arpevican Assign of Ste High and Transpontation Ocal Aight eed, Daplieson vlan af appeable aea6. 9.6.1. 9.62. 96.3. 9.8.4, 96. 96.1. 96.2. 96.3. Pipe Dimensions: Inside Diameter—Measure the inside diameter of two sections of pipe with a tapered plug in accordance with ASTM D 2122, Altematively, measure the inside diameter of two sections, ‘with a suitable device accurate to 40.2 mm (0.008 in.) the mold part-line and 90 degrees to it, and average the measurements, Length—Measure pipe with any suitable device accurate to 0.2 percent. Make all measurements ‘on the pipe while iti stress-free and at rest on a flat surface in a straight line. The length _measurements may be taken at amblent temperature, Perforations Measure dimensions of perforations on a straight specimen with no external forces applied, Make linear measurements with instruments accurate to 0.2 mm (0.008 in.. Inner Liner— Measure the thickness ofthe inner Hiner with a digital micrometer or ultrasonic ‘thickness gauge in accordance with ASTM D 2122. Couplings: Joint Integrity —This testis limited to Type C and Type CP pipe supplied in coils. Assemble ‘couplings to appropriate pipe in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Use pipe samples at least 150 mm (6 in.) in length. Vertically suspend two pipe lengths connected by the Joint couplings along their longitudinal axis. Then hang a tare mass from the lower end of the ‘assembled pipe specimen for 3 minutes. Apply the test mass gently. Verify thatthe joint will support a mass along the pipe axis equal to 0.090 kg/mm (60 Ib/ft) ofthe nominal inside diameter, without separating, Test two coupling of each type. ‘Strongth—Assemble each coupling to the appropriate pipe in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Use pipe samples atleast 150 mm (6 in, in length. Load the connected pipe and coupling between parallel plates atthe rate of 12.5 mm/minute (0.5 inJmin) until the vertical, inside diemeter is reduced by at least 20 percent of the nominal diameter of the coupling. Inspect {or damage while atthe specified deflection and afterload removal, and report the results ofthis inspection. Alignment—Assure tat th assembly or joints corectand complete if the pipe is bent it should be fand-straightened prior to performing this test. Lay the sseinbly or joint om a flt surface and ‘verify thet it will accommodate straight-line flow. 10. 10.1 10.2. 1. 7S4b INSPECTION AND RETEST “nspection—Inspection ofthe material shall be made as agreed upon by the purchaser and the soller as part of the purchase contract. Retest and Rejection—If any failure to conform to these specifications occurs, the pipe or fittings ‘or couplings may be retested to establish conformity in accordance with agreement between the purchasor and seller Individual resulta, not averages, constitute failure. MARKING All pipe shall be clearly matked at intervals of not more than 3.5 m (10 A), and fitings and couplings shall be clearly marked, as follows: 1252-9 AASHTO {© 2010 bythe Amerzan Assoition of Soe High and Tapert Oil Aight rested Dupin 2 olton a piste