Name

Outline
(Topic>Subtopic)

Whatdoesitsay?
(DirectQuote)

Whatdoesitmean?
(BriefSummary)

1.Tanner

Education>Money>
LackofEducation

Thecostsofschooling
preventmanypoorchildrenin
Africafromreceivingan
education

Alotofpeoplewhowant
togotoschoolandgetan
educationdontevenhave
enoughmoneytoaffordit.
Thatiswhysomany
peopleinAfricadontget
muchofaneducation.

IfAfricanschooling
costedlessthanmaybe
morepeoplewouldgoto
schoolandgetan
education.

Rotberg,Dr.
RobertI,andDr.
VictorOjakorotu,
eds.
Africa:
Progressand
Problems
EducationinAfrica
.
2014.Print

Pg.90

2.Samantha

Lackof
education>children
cantread>
needingoutside
help

Missionariesintroduced
formalschoolingwiththeaim
ofdevelopingliteracyskills
sufficienttoreadtheBible.

Alonethechildrenarent
gettingtheeducationto
read.Organizationsoffer
helpandguidanceto
teachthemtoreadbasic
information.

Thechildrenwillnotlearn
enoughwhileinschool.
Othersareofferingtohelp
themlearntoread.

pg24

Lackof
education>Statistic
s

Some46millionAfricanchildren
nearlyhalftheschoolagepopulation
haveneversetfootinaclassroom

Barelyanyonegoesto
schoolinAfricabecausea
lotofpeoplearelivingin
extremepovertyanddont
haveenoughmoneyto
sendtheirchildrenoffto
school.

Theyneedtofindwaysto
makeschoolmore
availabletopeopleso
morepeoplecangetan
educationinAfrica.

Kennedy,Elizabeth
A."Africa'schildren
strugglefor
education."
www.usatoday.co
m
.Web.1Jan.

(whoisresponsible)

3.Tanner

Whydoesitmatter?
(Whatsthepoint)

MLACitation
(fullANDintext)

Rotberg,Dr.
RobertI,andDr.
VictorOjakorotu,
eds.
Africa:
Progressand
Problems
EducationinAfrica
.
2014.Print.2


Name

Outline
(Topic>Subtopic)

Whatdoesitsay?
(DirectQuote)

Lackofschooling>
howfarbehind
theyare

Despitethepresenceof
hundredsofmissionary
schools,noAfricanpupil
completedgrade12until
1948

Eventhoughthereareso
manymissionaryschools
thestudentsdidnt
completeschool.

Theirschoolsystemisso
behindthatitwasonly67
yearsagothefirstperson
completedall12grades.

pg37

5.Samantha

Howmany
children>howmany
aregoing>not
learning

Africa'snearly128million
schoolagedchildren..
37
millionAfricanchildrenwill
learnsolittlewhileintheyare
inschoolthattheywillnotbe
muchbetteroffthanthose
kidswhoneverattendschool.

Outof128millionchildren
onlyabout37million
attendschool.Theylearn
solittletheyarealmoston
thesamelevelaschildren
whoneverwenttoschool
atall.

Therearemanychildren
outofschoolbuttheones
thatdoattendarent
learningwhattheyshould.
Whattheyarelearning
isntmuchdifferentthan
thechildrenwhodontgo
toschool.

VanFleet,Justin
W."Africas
EducationCrisis:In
SchoolButNot
Learning."
Brooking
s
.17Sept.2012.
Web.16Nov.
2015.

6.Tanner

Educationin
Africa>Too
expensive

Sielesaid60,000studentswhohad

PeopleinAfricawanttogo
toschoolandgetan
educationbutitstoo
expensiveforthem.

Ifschoolwasntso
expensiveinAfricaso
muchmorepeoplewould
go.

Kennedy,Elizabeth
A."Africa'schildren
strugglefor
education."
www.usatoday.co
m
.Web.1Jan.

4.Samantha

beenadmittedtopublicsecondary
schoolsthisyearfailedtoreport
becausetheywouldstillbecharged
fortransport,fieldtrips,teacher
conferencesandbuildingswimming
poolsforschools.

Whatdoesitmean?
(BriefSummary)

Whydoesitmatter?
(Whatsthepoint)

MLACitation
(fullANDintext)

Rotberg,Dr.
RobertI,andDr.
VictorOjakorotu,
eds.
Africa:
Progressand
Problems
EducationinAfrica
.
2014.Print.


Name

Outline
(Topic>Subtopic)

Whatdoesitsay?
(DirectQuote)

7.Samantha

Schoolis
expensive>children
withmoreattend
moreschooling

Childrenfromtherichest20
percentofhouseholdsin
Ghanaaveragesixmore
yearsinschoolthanthose
fromthepooresthouseholds.

8.Tanner

Education
problem>Solving
theproblem

9.Samantha

Cycleofnot
learningtoread>
parentscantso
thekidsdont

Whatdoesitmean?
(BriefSummary)

Whydoesitmatter?
(Whatsthepoint)

MLACitation
(fullANDintext)

Thereisalargegap
betweentherichandthe
poorineducation.The
wealthierchildrenreceive
about6moreyearsof
schoolingthanthosewith
less.

Educationisexpensive
andnothighlyvalueasa
necessity.Thechildren
withmorereceivemore
schoolingbecausethey
canafforditfinancially.

Watkins,Kevin.
"TooLittleAccess,
NotEnough
Learning:Africas
TwinDeficitin
Education."
Brookings
.16Jan.
2013.Web.16
Nov.2015.

Failuretotacklethelearning
deficitwilldepriveawhole
generationofopportunitiesto
developtheirpotentialand
escapepoverty.

Iftheeducationissueis
fixedthenitcanhaveabig
impactonthefutureof
Africa.IfAfricafixesthe
educationproblemso
manywindowsof
opportunitieswillopenup

Somuchdependson
educationanduntilthe
educationissueisfixed
Africawillcontinueto
suffer.

Watkins,Kevin.
"TooLittleAccess,
NotEnough
Learning:Africas
TwinDeficitin
Education."
Brookings
.16Jan.
2013.Web.16
Nov.2015.

Parentalilliteracyisanother
preschoolbarriertolearning.
Thevastmajorityofthe48
millionchildrenentering
Africasschoolsoverthepast
decadecomefromilliterate
homeenvironments.

Theparentsdontknow
howtoread.Thechildren
areatadisadvantage.
Thereisacontinuous
cycleforhouseholdsthat
cantread.

Sincetheparentscant
readtheydonthavehigh
expectationsfortheir
childrenwhenlearningto
read.Thereisa
continuouscycleforthese
kids.Theparentsarerole
modelsandifthechildren
seehowwelltheyhave
donttheywontseethe
needtolearn.

Watkins,Kevin.
"TooLittleAccess,
NotEnough
Learning:Africas
TwinDeficitin
Education."
Brookings
.16Jan.
2013.Web.16
Nov.2015.


Name

Outline
(Topic>Subtopic)

Whatdoesitsay?
(DirectQuote)

Whatdoesitmean?
(BriefSummary)

Whydoesitmatter?
(Whatsthepoint)

MLACitation
(fullANDintext)

Watkins,Kevin.
"TooLittleAccess,
NotEnough
Learning:Africas
TwinDeficitin
Education."
Brookings
.16Jan.
2013.Web.16
Nov.2015.

10.Tanner

Educationin
Africa>Fixingthe
problem

Africaalsoneedsan
educationparadigmshift.
Educationplannershaveto
lookbeyondcountingthe
numberofchildrensittingin
classroomsandstarttofocus
onlearning.

Africaneedstostop
worryingaboutthe
problemandactuallystart
tryingtofindwaystofixit.

Nothingisgoingto
improveuntilpeoplestart
makingittheirtoppriority
tofixtheschoolsystemin
Africa.

11.Tanner

Education>Lackof
education>low
standards

61 million children (half of the

primary school-age population)
will reach their adolescent years
without being able to read, write
or perform basic numeracy
tasks.

Therearealotofpeople
whodontknowthebasic
stuffbecauseofthelackof
educationinAfrica.

Ifnobodylearnsthebasic
Devarajan
,
stuffthenAfricas
Shanta."Africas
educationsituationwill
LearningCrisis."T
he
nevergetbetter.
WorldBank
.17
Sept.2012.Web.17
Nov.2015.

12.Samantha

Lackof
money>gender
gaps

Families did not have

enough money for school
fees, uniforms or books, and
would spend what little they
had on the education of
their sons, who were more
likely to get paid jobs.

Thefamiliesdonthave
muchmoneyandwhat
theydohavetheputthe
boysthroughschools
becausetheywillmost
likelygethigherpaying
jobs.

Mostpeopledonthave
muchmoneytostartwith
sotheycanonlyaffordto
puttheirboysthrough
schoolbecausetheywill
likelytogetahigher
payingjob.Showsgender
gaps.

SCHUETZENOV,
CHRISTOPHERF.
"Bringing
Educationto
AfricanGirls."
New
YorkTimes
.23
Nov.2015.Web.
17Nov.2015.

http://www.nytimes.c
om/2014/11/24/world
/africa/bringingeduc
ationtoafricangirls.
html

Name

13.Tanner

14.Samantha

Outline
(Topic>Subtopic)

Whatdoesitsay?
(DirectQuote)

Whatdoesitmean?
(BriefSummary)

Whydoesitmatter?
(Whatsthepoint)

Education>Poverty

Schoolsareillequipped,
sufferingshortagesofmost
typesofsupplies,fromchalk
andtextbookstolibrarybooks
andlabchemicals.Alarge
numberofschoolshold
classesoutsideundertrees.

AlotofschoolsinAfrica
aresopoorthattheycant
evenaffordthebasic
things.

Africaneedsmoneyso
theycanimprovethe
schoolsystemandhavea
betterenvironmentforthe
peopletolearnin.

Pg.13

Ofcourse,afewAfrican
countriessuchasAlgeria,
Nigeria,andEgyptmight
managetobuckthetrend.But
eveninSouthAfricacurrently
Africasmostadvancedcountry
10%ofyoungadults,atmost,
willhavecollegeoruniversity
degreesby2045.

Somecountriesarebetter
offthanothers.Even
thoughtheyexpect
numberstogetbettera
smallpercentwillsee
improvementinthefuture.

Inthefuturetherewillnot
bemuchimprovement.
Eventhoughthenumbers
areimprovingtheywillnot
beraisingdramatically.
Somecountrieshave
moreeducationand
wealththanotherrural
countries.

Brown,Gordon.
"WorldEconomic
Forum."
Committedto
improvingthestate
oftheworld
.Web.
17Nov.2015.

Countrydiversity>
littlechangein
future

MLACitation
(fullANDintext)

Rotberg,Dr.
RobertI,andDr.
VictorOjakorotu,
eds.
Africa:
Progressand
Problems
EducationinAfrica
.
2014.Print

http://www.weforum.
org/content/howcan
everychildgeteduc
ation2

15.Tanner

Educationin
Africa>Lackof
education>Gender
differences

InUganda,asinmost
developingcountries,more
boysattendschoolthangirls.
Often,girlsareneededat
hometogatherwaterandhelp
withthehousehold?

Rotberg,Dr.
RobertI,andDr.
VictorOjakorotu,
eds.
Africa:
Progressand
Problems
EducationinAfrica
.
2014.Print

Moreboysattendschool
forgirlsbecauseboys
havebetterchancesinthe
futureandgirlsare
neededtoworkatthe
housetohelpwiththeir
familiessotheydonthave
enoughtimetoattend
school

InalotofplacesinAfrica
genderhasabigimpact
onwhatyoudo.Ifyouare
aboyyouworkorfight
andprovideforyour
familyandgirlscleanand
workatthehouse.

Whatdoesitmean?
(BriefSummary)

Whydoesitmatter?
(Whatsthepoint)

MLACitation
(fullANDintext)

Differentcountriesand
sometimesevenspecific
schoolshaveadifferent
systemofexamsandwhat
gradesareperforming
well.Theymaybelearning
differentmaterialaswell.
Whenbeingpreparedit
isntfairandgettinga
goodnumber.

Theyarenotlearningthe
samething.Eachschool
orcountryhasdifferent
typeofexamsand
differentgradingscales.
Sincethisisalldifferent
comparingthemreally
isntfairwhengettinga
goodnumber.

Wilkinson,Kate."Is
SAseducation
systemtheworstin
Africa?Not
accordingtothe
data
AfricaCheck
.
14Sept.2013.
Web.17Nov.
2015.

Pg.18

Name

16.Samantha

Outline
(Topic>Subtopic)
Country
differences>
learning
differences

Whatdoesitsay?
(DirectQuote)

Differentcountriesuse

differentexamsandhave
differentpassrates.In
ordertoproperlycompare
countrieseducational
performance,thesametest
needstobeconducted..

https://africacheck.or
g/reports/issaseduc
ationsystemthewor
stinafricanotaccor
dingtothedata/

17.Samantha

18.Tanner

Notparents
responsibility>no
lawsorsystems

Education>Differen
ces

Children'sopportunities
arenotjustshapedby
parentsandfamilies,but
alsobynationalactionin
theformoflawsand
publicpolicies.

AchildInEuropeorNorth
Americawillonaverage
receivefivemoreyearsof
schoolingthanachildin
subsaharanAfrica.

Itisnotthefamily'sfault
thatthechildrenarent
attendingaproperschool.
Theydoplayarolebutare
notthemainone.Dueto
nationaldecisionsand
lawstheyhaveagreater
impactonhowstudentsgo
toschool.

Thestateorcountry
someonelivesinin
impactstheopportunities
theyhaveforschool.The
parentsarentresponsible
fornosendingtheir
childrentoschool.The
policiesaren'tsetupso
thereisnodeciding
factor.

Mbengue,
Catherine."Africa
'mustthinkbigfor
itschildren'."
CNN
.
13Feb.2013.
Web.17Nov.
2015.

AchildinNorthAmerica
usuallyreceivesmore
educationthanachild
wouldinsubsaharan
Africa,

Thisshowshowbehind
theAfricanschoolsystem
is.Theydontmake
educationtheirtoppriority
likealotofplacesdo.

Rotberg,Dr.
RobertI,andDr.
VictorOjakorotu,
eds.
Africa:
Progressand
Problems
EducationinAfrica
.
2014.Print

http://www.cnn.com/
2013/02/13/opinion/c
hildreneducationafri
cambengue/

pg.19

Name

19.Samantha

Outline
(Topic>Subtopic)

Whatdoesitsay?
(DirectQuote)

Whatdoesitmean?
(BriefSummary)

Whydoesitmatter?
(Whatsthepoint)

MLACitation
(fullANDintext)

Startofchange>
lawsandadvances

Kenya,forexample,
makeseducation
compulsoryfor12years,
longerthanallother
countriesintheregion,
includingthosewitha
higherGDP,andithasa
higherminimumagefor

Kenyaisoneofthefirstto
makeschoolalaw.Now
12yearsaremandatory
andasresultthereare
higherminimumwagesfor
jobs.

NowKenyaisaheadof
othercountries.They
madegettingatleasta12
yeareducationapriority.
Asaresulttheminimum
wageratehasrisen.

Mbengue,
Catherine."Africa
'mustthinkbigfor
itschildren'."
CNN
.
13Feb.2013.
Web.17Nov.
2015.

http://www.cnn.com/
2013/02/13/opinion/c

fulltimeworkthanits
neighbors.
20.Tanner

Education>main
topics

Educationalsystems
throughoutcontemporary
Africaaretheproductofthree
majorforces:indigenous
educationreligion,primarily
ChristianityandIslamand
colonialism

hildreneducationafri
cambengue/
Religion,colonialism,and
indigenouseducationhave
abigimpactontheschool
systemsinAfrica.

Thesethingsshapealot
ofschoolsthroughout
Africaandeffectsthe
schoolsinmanyways.

Rotberg,Dr.
RobertI,andDr.
VictorOjakorotu,
eds.
Africa:
Progressand
Problems
EducationinAfrica
.
2014.Print
pg.34

21.Samantha

Lackof
money>little
resources

Despitethefactthat
manycountrieshaveset
aminimumwage,in6
countriesthiswageis
just$2perdayorless
andin20othersis
between$2and$4,
leavingevenafamilyof
oneadultandone
dependentunderthe$2
povertyline

Theyaretryingtoimprove
bysettingaminimum
wagethepayisstillvery
low.In6countriesitis2
dollarsadayorless.In20
othercountriesthepayis
2to4dollarsaday.This
causesmanyfamiliesto
gointopoverty.

Whatdoesitsay?
(DirectQuote)

Whatdoesitmean?
(BriefSummary)

Iftheparentsarenot
givenmuchmoneythey
donthaveanytospare.
Sincetheyearnsolittle
theycanbarelyaffordto
buythenecessitiesfor
theirfamily.Withthis
thereisnoneleftfor
schooltuition.

Mbengue,
Catherine."Africa
'mustthinkbigfor
itschildren'."
CNN
.
13Feb.2013.
Web.17Nov.
2015.

http://www.cnn.com/
2013/02/13/opinion/c
hildreneducationafri
cambengue/

Name

Outline
(Topic>Subtopic)

Whydoesitmatter?
(Whatsthepoint)

MLACitation
(fullANDintext)

22.Tanner

Educationin
Africa>Lackof
teachers>

23.Samantha

Cost>notonlynot
accessiblebutno
moneytoafford

Thereisnoquality
educationwithoutqualified
teachers,yettheacute
shortageofqualified
teachershasbeen
identifiedasoneofthe
biggestchallengesto
achievingeducationforall.

Studentsarenotgoingto
getagoodeducationif
theydonothavegood
teachers.Theyneedto
havepeoplethatarereally
smartandgoodat
teachingtobetheir
teachers.

Thisshowsthatoneof "StateofEducationin
theproblemsinthe
Africa."T
he
Africaneducationsystem
AfricaAmerica
isthatsomestudentsare
Institute
.Web.17
notgettingagood
Nov.2015.
educationbecauseof
theirteacher.

141,000,000peopleinEast
Africaliveonlessthan
$2US/day.
Typicalfamilyhas6
children.
Costofeducationremains
thelargestobstacle:$750
fullboardand$30school
supplies.

Thetypicalafricanfamily
consistsof6childrenand
theyearnlessthan2
dollarsaday.Withthis
littlemoneytheyhaveto
affordalmost800dollars
perchildtosendthemto
school.

Sincethefamiliesearnso
littleandthereareso
manypeopleineach
familytheydonthavethe
extramoneytosendeach
childtoschool.

"Weareone
world."
Asante
Africanfoundation
.
2013.Web.17
Nov.2015.

Studenttoteacherratioshave
increasedinsubSaharanAfricadue
tomandatoryenrollment,creatingan
averageratioof72studentsto1
teacher.

Sincetheymadeit
mandatoryforstudentsto
gotoschoolin
subSaharanAfricathere
aretoomanychildrenin
eachclass.

Whiletryingtofixthe
problembymakingit
mandatoryforstudentsto
attendschooltheyfound
moreproblem.Insteadof
studentsnotattending
therearetoomany
studentsandnotenough
teachers.

"Weareone
world."
Asante
Africanfoundation
.
2013.Web.17
Nov.2015.

Whatdoesitmean?
(BriefSummary)

Whydoesitmatter?
(Whatsthepoint)

MLACitation
(fullANDintext)

24.Samantha

Tryingto
improve>more
problems>few
teachers

http://www.asanteafri
ca.org/whyeducatio
nasante/

http://www.asanteafri
ca.org/whyeducatio
nasante/

Name

Outline
(Topic>Subtopic)

Whatdoesitsay?
(DirectQuote)

25.Samantha

Percentagethat
canread>
comparedtoUSA

TheU.S.literacyrateis98%
almost,whileitisabout59%in
subSaharanAfrica.

IntheUSalotmorethan
themajorityofpeoplecan
read.InSubSaharan
Africaonlyalittlemore
thanhalfcanread.

Theyaresofarbehindus
inourcountry.Onlyalittle
bitmorethanhalfcan
readwherealmost
everyoneinAmericacan
read.

AfricaLiteracy
Facts."
African
LibraryProject
Changinglives
bookbybook
.
Web.17Nov.
2015.

https://www.africanli
braryproject.org/our
africanlibraries/afric
afacts

26.Samantha

27.Tanner

Danger>conflict
situation

Education>needs
tochangetofit
todaysstandards

Formany,evenabasic
primaryeducation
remainsamatteroflife
anddeath.Attackson
educationandon
studentsareontherise.
Morethan12millionof
thenearly30million
outofschoolchildrenin
Africaliveinconflictor
emergencysettings.

Everydaylifeisdangerous
there.Goingtoschooland
gettinganeducationcould
beriskingyourlife.More
than12millionchildren
liveinalreadydangerous
situations.

Theirlivesarealready
dangerousandtaskful.
Therearemanywho
wouldbeinevenmore
dangerbyattending
school.mostlygirls.

"Education
Emergency:Africa
ProgressatRisk."
Aworldatschool
.
Web.17Nov.2015

Rapidchangesintheworld
areredefiningthebroad
skillsetsthatstudentsneed
tobeadequatelyprepared
toparticipateinand
contributetotodays
society.

Theworldisrapidly
changingeverydayand
theAfricaneducation
systemneedstochange
withitsopeopleinAfrica
canbepreparedforthe
future.

IfAfricanschoolsystems"StateofEducationin
fittodaysstandardsthan Africa."T
he
alotofstudentswillhave
AfricaAmerica
goodfuturesandcan
Institute
.Web.17
participateintodays
Nov.2015.
society.

http://www.aworldats
chool.org/pages/edu
cationafrica

Name

28.Tanner

Outline
(Topic>Subtopic)
Early
education>importa
nce

Whatdoesitsay?
(DirectQuote)

Whatdoesitmean?
(BriefSummary)

Earlychildhoodeducation

Alotofschoolsystemsin
Africaneedtofocuson
isofcriticalvaluetoall
earlylearningbecauseita
childrenandshouldbe
animportantstageina
availabletoall.Education
earlyinachildslifehelpsto childseducation.

developskills,knowledge,a
senseofresponsibilityand
confidencewhileproviding
asoundbasisforlearning.

Whydoesitmatter?
(Whatsthepoint)

MLACitation
(fullANDintext)

Achildseducationcan "StateofEducationin
haveabigimpactwhen
Africa."T
he
theygetolderbecauseif
AfricaAmerica
theyarenttaughtthe
Institute
.Web.17
basicthingsatayoung
Nov.2015.
agethenitcanimpact
theirfuturebecausethey
aregoingtobebehind.

29.Tanner

Educationin
Africa>learning>sta
tistics

...
Notthatthereismuch
learninggoingon.Onerecent
surveyfoundthat80percent
ofSokotosGrade3pupils
cannotreadasingleword.
Theyhavegonethroughthree
yearsofzerovalueadded
schooling.

Eventhoughtheyare
goingtoschoolforalong
timetheystillbarelyknow
nothingbecausethey
dontreallylearnmuchat
alotofschoolsthere.

Thewholepurposeof
schoolistolearnbutalot
ofpeopleinAfricaare
goingtoschooland
learningnothing.This
makesitharderforthem
tohaveagoodfuture.

Watkins,Kevin.
"TooLittleAccess,
NotEnough
Learning:Africas
TwinDeficitin
Education."
Brookings
.16Jan.
2013.Web.16
Nov.2015.

30.Tanner

AfricanEducation>
Africafalling
behind

Outofschoolnumbersareon
theriseandthegulfin
educationopportunity
separatingAfricafromtherest
oftheworldiswidening

AfricanEducationis
gettingworse.Africais
slowlygettingmoreand
morebehindoneducation
thantheothercountries.

Africaneedstosolvethis
problemsoitcanhave
justasgoodasan
educationsystemasthe
othercountries.

Watkins,Kevin.
"TooLittleAccess,
NotEnough
Learning:Africas
TwinDeficitin
Education."
Brookings
.16Jan.
2013.Web.16
Nov.2015.

Name

Outline
(Topic>Subtopic)

Whatdoesitsay?
(DirectQuote)

Whatdoesitmean?
(BriefSummary)

Whydoesitmatter?
(Whatsthepoint)

MLACitation
(fullANDintext)

EXTRA:31
Tanner

Education
crisis>affecting
future

Thisisacrisisthatcarries
highcosts.Itisconsigninga
wholegenerationofchildren
andyouthtoafutureof
poverty,insecurityand
unemployment.

Thisisabigproblemthat
needstobefixedbecause
atthemomentalotof
peoplefromthis
generationaregoingto
liveinpovertyandbe
unemployedbecauseof
theirlackofeducation

Thisislikeabigcycleand
itneedstobebroken.
Thisproblemneedstobe
fixedsopeoplecanhave
agoodfuturewithagood
jobbecausetheywere
educatedwell.

Watkins,Kevin.
"TooLittleAccess,
NotEnough
Learning:Africas
TwinDeficitin
Education."
Brookings
.16Jan.
2013.Web.16
Nov.2015.

EXTRA:32

EXTRA:33