ALGEBRA

Modulus function

The modulus of , denoted by

, is defined by:

x x
,

If

x x
,

If

x0
x0

Graphs of functions involving modulus

y f (x)
Graphing

y x2

y f (x)

is a reflection of

y ( x 2)( x 1)

y f x
Graphing

y x 1

in the x-axis.

y sin x

y f (x)

is a reflection of

y ( x 1)( x 2)

for

x0

in the y-axis.

y sin x

Practice

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y 2x 3

y ( x 1)( x 3)( 2 x 1)

y cos x

y 2 x 1

y 3x2

y cos 2 x

y 6 x 1 x

y x 1 x

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y x 2 2x 1

y 2x 4 6 2x

Equation involving modulus

1
x2
Solve the equation

2
=5

x 1 2x 3

Solve the equation

Solve the equation

=10

x 2 2 3 2x
Solve the equation

x 3 3x 1
Solve the equation

3x 1

3x 9 2 x 1
Solve the equation

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x3 x3 8

Solve the equation

Solve the equation

x 1 x 1
Solve the equation

11

1 x 2 x 1
Solve the equation

1 x x 1 2

1
0

1
2

4 2 x 12 2 x 6
Solve the equation

x 2 x 3 2x 3
Solve the equation

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Inequalities involving modulus

If
If
1

a0
a0

x a
, then

is equivalent to

a x a

xk a
, then

is equivalent to

4x 3 5

k a x k a
2

Solve

Solve

3 5x 7

Solve

x 6 3x 2
Solve

x2

Solve

3x 2 4

1
(6 x )
2

2x 3 x 3
Solve

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x 4 x 1

Solve

Solve

x 1 3x 5
Solve

11

x 3x 2

x 2 x 1 4
Solve

1
0

1
2

x2 x5
Solve

x 2 x 5 2( x 6)
Solve

x a x2 a2

Squares, square roots and moduli

x a x2 a2
x a x2 a2

, if

a0

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2

x2 x x2
If x is any real number,

x2 x
If x is any real number,

x3 x2
Solve the equation

Solve the equation

x 2 3 2x 1

Solve the equation

3x 2 x

2x 1 x 4
Solve the equation

x3 2x

1
2

x 1 x
Solve the equation

Solve the equation

Practice
1
Solve the equation

x 3 14 13
.

x 2 25 x 1
Solve the inequalities
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Sketch on a single diagram, the graphs of

y 2x 1
y 3x
and
. Hence solve the:

y x
Sketch on separate diagrams, the graphs of
y x3
y x3 x3
,
and
. Find the
6 x 3 x 3
solution set of equation
.

2 x 1 3x
i.Equation
2 x 1 3x
ii.Inequalities

t 3
a. Given that

2t 1
, find the possible values of

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x 2 x3 2
b. Solve the inequality

The functions f and g are defined on the set of real numbers as follows:
f :x

2 sin x

i.Sketch the graphs of f(x) and g(x) in the interval

ii.State the range of each function.

g : x sin 2 x

,
270 x 270

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