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Variations in Health
Variations in Health
-Describe variations in health as reflected by changes
in life expectancy national and global scales since
1950.
-Explain patterns and trends in terms of differences in
income and lifestyle.
Measuring Mortality
Life Expectancy
It is an AVERAGE.
Pollution levels, conflict, occupation, shelter, food,
medical facilities, income, literacy.
You can split the total population into different groups
(cohorts) to compare some of these differences within a
population.
Rich v poor, urban v rural, male v female, ethnic groups,
age groups.
Life expectancy figures can be affected by high IMR. If
you survive infancy you could live much longer than the
life expectancy figures suggest.
Mortality trends
MEDCs main increase in life expectancy in late
industrial revolution. Due to improved
sanitation, water, housing, reduction in
pollution, improved medical care.
Think back to the demographic transition model
In 1870 life expectancy
Manchester - 29 years
Sheffield 33 years
Mortality trends
LEDCs main increases in life expectancy
have been in the second half of twentieth
century due to improved medical care
particularly immunisation programmes
such TB and Polio, successful eradication
Roll back Malaria programmes in Asia
and South America.
However, the impact of AIDS has reduced
this in some countries (eg South Africa)
Mortality trends
Malaria continues to kill between 1 and 3
million people a year mainly in Sub
Saharan Africa.
HIV Aids has had a huge impact on
populations.
SARS, Asian Bird Flu, potential
pandemics (Ebola)?
HIV Aids
Botswana , 39% adults infected, burden on females
(biologically more at risk, males with multiple partners,
female carers) ARVs now used to keep people with HIV
alive.
Disease Categories
Endogenetic (from inside)
Congenital diseases from birth and degenerative
diseases resulting from old age.
Exogenetic (from outside)
Environmental conditions, social habits and
hazards.
Global Variations in
Health and Income 1980
Global Variations in
Health and Income 2009
Task
Question Block 10A page 450
Who wants to live forever? (Worksheet)