The Prompt: Analyze changes and continuities in long-distance

migrations in the periodfrom 1700 to 1900. Be sure to include specific

examples from at least TWO different worldregions.

Example Thesis Statements:

There were many changes in long distance migrations from 1700-1900,
including the end of the Atlantic Slave Trade and new migrations spurred by
imperialism; however, there were many continuities, such as the factors
leading to migrations and the continuing spread of culture. (Danyaal,
Mustafa, and Arpit)

From 1700-1900, changes such as people being driven by imperialism and

the need to establish colonies drove migrations, such as the British
movement to South Africa. However, indigenous people were still
subjugated by European settlers and people were attracted by the promise
of greater economic prosperity, such as the migrations of East Asians to the
United States. (Patrick G. and Alex M.)
From 1700 to 1900, there were many changes and continuities in longdistance migratins. Changes in migrations occured when Europeans, likle
the Poles and Germans, left Europe to find peace in other lands due to
political instability. In addition, many freed-slaves in the U.S. pushed to
return to their ancestral homelands in Africa after abolition. Continuities in
this time period include the massive movement of peoples to find better
work opportunities and the desire to find a new home in a new city in a new
country. (Jasmine)

Prompt: Analyze the changes and continuities in commerce in the Indian

Ocean from 650 CE - 1750 CE.

Example Thesis Statements:

While the commerce in the Indian Ocean region changed from 650 C.E. to
1750 C.E. with the rise of Srivijaya; the introduction of the Portuguese; and
the establishment of the East India Companies due to the financial benefits
of cutting out the middleman, the region retained many of its characteristics

such as the competition for control over the Strait of Malacca due to the
financial benefits of taxing traders; the continued development of
navigational technology and ship designs that allowed for such trade to
occur; and the long-standing demand for spices due to their versatile uses.
Indian Ocean trade during 650 CE to 1750 CE became one of the most
important trading centers in the world. India remained a prime contributor to
transoceanic trade. Because the Silk Road became outdated and less
profitable, over time different world powers such as the Dutch VOC sought to
control maritime trade, also creating a global market on Indian spices and
textiles which have been valued for hundreds of years. As the products
became more valued, countries wanted in on the wealth causing
advancements in maritime technology
From 650 CE to 1750 CE the Indian Ocean region continued to be a major
hub for trade and cultural diffusion, especially for the spread of Islam as
merchants that were Muslim could trade more advantageously. The
merchants used their ships and utilized the monsoons to get from place to
place. In the beginning trade was confined to countries along the Indian
Ocean coast but eventually other regions such as Europe desired the goods
and participated in the spice trades, leading to the conquering of the islands
by European companies such as the British East India Co. and the VOC. Also,
as the span of trade increased rules and regulations became necessary but
paradoxically negative as lawlessness broke out.)
Between the post classical and early modern periods (650 CE - 1750 CE)
commerce in the Indian Ocean region endured both changes and
continuities. Some significant changes were the technological
advancements, specialization of goods, and the country domination of trade,
because interest in trade from all over the world facilitated globalization and
the spread of new ideas. Although there were new developments, some
continuities of the Indian Ocean region include the types of goods traded, the
routes taken to trade them, and the movement of slaves throughout the
region because merchants/travelers became accustomed to the same
seasonal winds and port cities. Overall the region flourished in commerce
and trade overtime due to the changes and developments of ideas causing
the world to be more globally connected.
In the period from 650 to 1750, there were many changes and continuities in
commerce in the Indian Ocean. The continuities include the trade of certain

goods such as spices and the use of the same trade routes due to the
consistency of the monsoons. The changes involve the usage of new
technology and the globalization of the trade due to the addition of the
Europeans.
In 650 ce - 1750 ce, commerce in the Indian Ocean saw major changes due
to the spread of navigational technology, Mongol influences, and European
involvement. However, despite the significant changes, the continuous
involvement of Indian, Arab, and Chinese merchants, the spread of ideas due
to interactions between traders, and the ongoing competition amongst
merchants remained constant over the two eras
From the beginning of the Classical Period to the end of the Early Modern,
Indian Ocean trade remained a prominent factor in cultural and economic
connection of South and South East Asia driven by a desire for new
resources. Additionally, it served as a means for a higher volume of trade
unprecedented in the world due to the capacity of ships, and was mainly
dominated by the Muslim merchants due to the relative lack of conflict in the
Muslim world as opposed to the Christian west. However, Europeans, driven
by the desire for cheap spices, entered trade in the 1400's, significantly
devaluing the much sought after spices in the process. This cross-cultural
connection also led to the development of more efficient ocean navigation
and colonization techniques as well as the development of port cities, which
served as the main centers of resource extraction.
From 650CE-1750CE, commerce in the Indian Ocean Trade Network showed
changes in efficiency of trade by developing maritime technology as well as
the gradual European involvement in the prosperous ocean network.
However, continuities also existed, such as basic imports/exports and the key
trading cites/ports in the network

Prompt: Trace the changes and continuities in Mediterranean Sea trade

from 100 CE to 1000 CE.

Example Thesis Statement:

From 100 CE - 1000 CE, the Mediterranean trade network continued to

facilitate cultural diffusion and commercial interaction among the
civilizations and peoples of the region. However, the volume of trade
fluctuated, with especially dynamic trade at the start of this period during
the Pax Romana, then a decline with the collapse of the Western Roman
empire in the late 5th century. The development of the Muslim Caliphate and
the rise of Italian trading city-states contributed to an increase in maritime
trade and interaction beginning in the late 7th century.

Prompt: Trace the changes and continuities in the spread of religions from
600 CE to 1450 CE.

Example Thesis:
Throughout the period 600-1450, world religions such as Buddhism,
Christianity, and Islam continued to spread along trade routes and through
the efforts of missionaries, mystics, and in some cases governments. As
these religions spread farther from their core areas of origin, some conflicts
took shape, syncretism took place, and some states and empires supported
these growing world religions.

Prompt: Analyze the major political and economic continuities and

changes that occurred in Mesopotamia from 8000 BCE to 600 CE.

Example Thesis:
Mesopotamia changed between 8000 BCE and 600 CE with the development
of agriculture and domestication of animals. These innovations led to the
development of trade and formation of city-states and empires. Despite all
these changes, most people continued to live in clan-based villages on the
periphery of urban centers, some hunting and gathering continued, and
patriarchalism persisted.