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{
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{
Intre acolade vom scrie comentarii.

Acestea sunt texte explicative care nu se compileaza.
Enuntul problemei:
Fie a, b si c lungimile laturilor unui triunghi oarecare.
Sa se calculeze perimetrul triunghiului si aria sa.
Observatie:
a, b si c sunt numere naturale strict pozitive.
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
triunghi;

pozitiv=1..MaxLongint;
a,b,c,peri:pozitiv;
sp,aria:Real;
{ sp ==> semiperimetrul triunghiului }

Write('Introduceti lungimea laturii a-->'); ReadLn(a);
Write('Introduceti lungimea laturii b-->'); ReadLn(b);
Write('Introduceti lungimea laturii c-->'); ReadLn(c);
a*b*c=0

WriteLn('Cel putin o latura are lungimea 0! Reluati!)
(a<0) (b<0) (c<0)

WriteLn('Lungimi negative! Reluati!')
(a>0) (b>0) (c>0);
(a+b>c) (a+c>b) (b+c>a)

peri:=a+b+c;
WriteLn('Perimetrul triunghiului este: ',peri);
sp:=peri/2;
aria:=Sqrt(sp*(sp-a)*(sp-b)*(sp-c));
WriteLn('Aria triunghiului este: ',aria:10:2)

WriteLn(a,' ',b,' ',c,' nu pot fi laturile unui triunghi!')
.
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VXODOWIHOH[HFXLDVHWHUPLQ
$VWIHOVHH[HFXWUHSHWDWRLQVWUXFLXQHvQIXQFLHGHYDORDUHDGHDGHYUDXQHLH[
SUHVLLORJLFH'DFLQLLDOH[SUHVLDORJLFHVWHIDOVH[HFXLDLQVWUXFLXQLLUHVSHFWLYHQX
YDDYHDORFQLFLRGDW

&,QVWUXFLXQHD

,QVWUXFLXQHD

SHUPLWH H[HFXLD UHSHWDW vQ QXPU QHFXQRVFXW GH SDL D XQXL
JUXSGHLQVWUXFLXQL,QVWUXFLXQHDHVWHSRVWHULRUFRQGLLRQDWLDUHVLQWD[D

LQVWUXFLXQLFRQGLLH
XQGHFRQGLLHHVWHRH[SUHVLHORJLF6HPQLILFDLDLQVWUXFLXQLLHVWH
6HH[HFXWLQVWUXFLXQLOHVFULVHvQWUHFXYLQWHOH

L
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'DF YDORDUHD H[SUHVLHL HVWH true DWXQFL H[HFXLD VH WHUPLQ DOWIHO VH UHYLQH OD
SDVXO
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2EVHUYDLL
x H[SUHVLDFRQGLLHQXVHUHFRPDQGDILIRDUWHFRPSOLFDWDYkQGvQYHGHUHFVH
HYDOXHD]ODILHFDUHSDV
x FHOSXLQRYDULDELOGLQH[SUHVLDORJLFFRQGLLHWUHEXLHVLVFKLPEHYDORDUHD
vQ PRG REOLJDWRULX DOWIHO H[LVW SHULFROXO FD LQVWUXFLXQHD V VH WUDQVIRUPH vQ
FLFOXLQILQLW

3UREOHPHSURSXVH
3UREOHPHOHSURSXVHvQDFHDVWVHFLXQHSRWILUH]ROYDWHvQFDGUXOXQHLHYDOXULWHVWUL
HIHFWXDWHGHSURIHVRUGXSUHFDSLWXODUHFXVFRSXOVWDELOLULLQLYHOXOXLGHFXQRWLQHD
HOHYLORU3UREOHPHOHVXQWJUXSDWHSHQLYHOXUL
vQFHSWRUL
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$QYDUHDDOIDEHWXOXL
&RSLLLGLQFODVHOHPLFLvQYDGLQJUHXDOIDEHWXOSHFkQGFHLPDLPDULWUDJFKLXOXOQ
FODVD,XQFRSLODSFWXLWSHQWUXFDvQFHUFDWVYDGFXPHVWHGDFQXvLvQYD
OHFLD SHQWUX RUD YLLWRDUH QYWRDUHD OD SHGHSVLW SXQkQGXO V VFULH Q OLWHUH PDUL
SULQWUHFDUHDFHVWDWUHEXLHVVFULHFHOSXLQRGDWWRDWHOLWHUHOHPDULSHFDUHOHDvQY
DWSkQDWXQFL
&LWLL QXPUXO GH OLWHUH Q SH FDUH WUHEXLH V OH VFULH FRSLOXO SUHFXP L OLWHUHOH SH
FDUHDFHVWDOHDVFULVLVFULHLXQSURJUDPFDUHYHULILFGDFvQLUXOGHOLWHUHDSDUVDX
QXDQXPLWHOLWHUHGHPDLPXOWHRUL$ILDLOLWHUHOHFDUHDSDUGHPDLPXOWHRULDXQX
PUXOGHDSDULLLPDLPDUHGHFkWLQXPUXODSDULLLORUDFHVWRUD

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5
A B C A C

A 2
C 2
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&RSLLLGLQFODVDD9,DDXPHUVODSGXUHGXSJKLRFHL(LDXFXOHVJKLRFHLLYLRUHOH
vQ WRWDO XQ QXPU GH Q IORUL GH SULPYDU $X REVHUYDW F JKLRFHLL L YLRUHOHOH DX
FUHVFXWGXSRDQXPLWUHJXOvQWUHGRXYLRUHOHHUDXQJKLRFHODSRLFkWHGRLLWRW
DDPDLGHSDUWH
&LWLL XQ QXPU QDWXUDO Q UHSUH]HQWkQG QXPUXO IORULORU L LQLLDOHOH ORU G SHQWUX
JKLRFHL VSHQWUXYLRUHOHVWDELOLLGDFIORULOHVHJVHVFVDXQXvQWURFRQILJXUDLHFDUH
5HFDSLWXODUH

FRUHVSXQGHUHJXOLLGHVFULVH$ILDLXQPHVDMFRUHVSXQ]WRU'DA'VDX 'NU'SUHFXP

LSR]LLLOHYLRUHOHORU

([HPSOH

n = 6
V G V G G V

n = 5
G V G G V

DA
1 3 6

NU
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SODQLILFDLFkWHGRLHOHYLSHQWUXILHFDUH]L'HRDUHFHHOHYLLDXGHFODUDWFGRUHVFVILH
GHVHUYLFLXFkWHRIDWLXQELDWGLULJLQWHOHDVWDELOLWXUPWRDUHDUHJXOSULPDIDW
GLQFDWDORJYDVWDFXSULPXOELDWDGRXDFXDOGRLOHDLDDPDLGHSDUWH'LULJLQWHOH
WLHFDUHQHOHYLvQFODVGDUQXDQXPUDWFkWHIHWHLFkLELHLVXQWDDFVHSRDWH
vQWkPSODVFRQVWDWHODVIkULWFXQLLFRSLLDXUPDVIUSHUHFKH
&LWLL QXPUXO GH HOHYL QXPHOH L JHQXO ORU 'f' SHQWUX IHWH 'b' SHQWUX ELHL
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([HPSOX

n=5
Ana f
Ioana f
Andrei b
Anca f
Paul b

Fara pereche: Anca
'7LHUHDFRSDFLORU
3HGUXPXOQDLRQDO(VXQWFRSDFLQXPHURWDLvQ]LJ]DJSHSDUWHDGUHDSWDGUXPX
OXLFRSDFLLVXQWQXPHURWDLFXQXPHUHSDUHLSHVWkQJDFXQXPHUHLPSDUH/DXQPR
PHQWGDWDXIRVWDOHLFRSDFLSHQWUXWLHUHGHSHILHFDUHSDUWHDGUXPXOXLGXSXUP
WRDUHDUHJXOVHYDWLDSULPXODFHOFRSDFFDUHHVWHQXPHURWDWFXXQQXPUDOHFUXL
FLIUHvQVXPDWHIRUPHD]XQSWUDWSHUIHFWDSRLXUPWRUXOFRSDFDYkQGDFHHDLSURSULH
WDWHLWRWDDPDLGHSDUWHSkQODFDSWXOGUXPXOXL
&LWLLQXPUXOFRSDFLORUDSRLGHWHUPLQDLFkLFRSDFLDXIRVWDOHLSHQWUXWLHUHSH
FDUHSDUWHDGUXPXOXLVXQWDFHWLDSUHFXPLQXPUXOFXFDUHDXIRVWQXPHURWDL1X
PHURWDUHDFRSDFLORUvQFHSHGHOD
5HFDSLWXODUH

([HPSOX

n = 20

(/DVFOGDW

6 copaci
de pe dreapta: 4 10 18
de pe stanga: 1 9 13
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FkWLJDPDUHOHSUHPLXVDXvQVFULVLFRSLLFDUHQXWLDXVvQRDWH3HQWUXVLJXUDQDORU
HLQXDXIRVWDFFHSWDLvQFRQFXUV'HRDUHFHFRQFXUHQLLDYHDXYkUVWHGLIHULWHVDKRW
UkW FD OD WLPSXO ILHFUXL FRQFXUHQW PVXUDW vQ VHFXQGH V VH DGXQH YkUVWD DFHVWXLD
'HRDUHFH D vQFHSXW SORDLD VD DQXQDW F VH RIHU XQ DERQDPHQW FHOXL FDUH VFULH XQ
SURJUDPFDUHYDVWDELOLRUGLQHDILQDOSHQWUXFDSUHPLHUHDVDLEORFFkWPDLUHSHGH

)LLHUXOGHLQWUDUH !"#$%&$DUHXUPWRUXOIRUPDW
x SHSULPDOLQLHHVWHVFULVQXPUXOQDOFRSLLORUvQVFULLFRSLLLVXQWLGHQWLILFDLFXQX
PHUHFXSULQVHvQWUHLQ
x SHOLQLDDGRXDHVWHVFULVQXPUXONDOFRSLLORUHOLPLQDL
x SHOLQLDDWUHLDDYHPNQXPHUHLQGLFkQGFRSLLLHOLPLQDL
x SHOLQLDDSDWUDVXQWVFULVHQNQXPHUHFDUHUHSUH]LQWWLPSLLFHORUUPDLvQFRQ
FXUVvQRUGLQHDQXPHUHORUSULPLWHODvQVFULHUH
x SHOLQLDDFLQFLDDYHPQNQXPHUHLQGLFkQGYkUVWHOHFHORUUPDLvQFRQFXUVvQRU
GLQHDQXPHUHORUSULPLWHODvQVFULHUH

QILLHUXOGHLHLUH !"#$%&'(!VHYDDILDRUGLQHDILQDODFRSLLORUSDUWLFLSDQLOD
FRQFXUV3HILHFDUHOLQLHVHYDVFULHXQXOVDXPDLPXOWHQXPHUHDVWIHOvQFkWQXPUXO
GH RUGLQH D OLQLHL V ILH HJDO FX SR]LLD SH FDUH FRSLLL VFULL SH OLQLD UHVSHFWLY DX
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7
2
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60 55 58 55 70
8 14 10 10 9

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PLQXWH(OWUHEXLD
VDMXQJODFRDOODRUD6L6
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5HFDSLWXODUH

QGUXPVSUHFRDOHOVHvQWkOQHWHFXFkLYDSULHWHQLFDUHvOLQGHYRUEGHODRUD
'L'
PLQXWHSkQODRUD''L''
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DWXQFLHLYRUPDLGLVFXWDvQFGHPLQXWH
6FULHLXQSURJUDPFDUHYHULILFGDF*LJHODMXQJHODWLPSODFRDOLvQFD]XOvQ
FDUHDMXQJHVVHGHWHUPLQHRUDLPLQXWXOODFDUHDDMXQV
'XUDWDGHSODVULLGHDFDVSkQODFRDOHVWHGHGHPLQXWH

'DWHGHLQWUDUH
'DWHOHGHLQWUDUHVHFLWHVFGLQILLHUXO))*&$FDUHDUHXUPWRUXOIRUPDW
x SHSULPDOLQLHVHDIORUD3LPLQXWXO3
ODFDUH*LJHOSOHDFGHDFDV
x SHDGRXDOLQLHVHDIOQXPUXO1DOSULHWHQLORUFXFDUHVHvQWkOQHWH*LJHOSHGUXP
x ILHFDUHGLQWUHXUPWRDUHOH1OLQLLFRQLQRUD'LPLQXWXO'
GHvQWkOQLUHLRUD''
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x SH XOWLPD OLQLH HVWH VFULV RUD 6 L PLQXWXO 6
OD FDUH WUHEXLH V DMXQJ *LJHO OD
FRDO

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YDDILDFXYkQWXO 'DA'LDUGDFQXVHYDWLSULFXYkQWXO 'NU'QFD]XOvQFDUH*LJHO
UHXHWHVDMXQJODFRDOVHYDPDLWLSULRUDLPLQXWXOODFDUHDMXQJH

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7 30
2
7 32 7 34
7 36 7 37
8 43

DA
8 16

$YDQVDL

$1XPHUHSULPHFXGLYL]RUL
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GLYL]RULLQXPUXOvQVXL/DLQIRUPDWLFDXvQYDWFQXPHUHOHVHSRWUHSUH]HQWD
L vQ DOWH ED]H QX GRDU vQ ED]D &HL GRL SURIHVRUL FHO GH PDWHPDWLF L FHO GH
LQIRUPDWLFVDXJkQGLWVOHGHDRWHPFRSLLORUGHFODVDD9DFDUHVFRPELQHFHOH
GRX LQIRUPDLLvQYDWH(LYRUWUHEXLVJVHDVFWRDWHQXPHUHOHPDLPLFLGHFkWXQ
QXPUGDWQFDUHDXSURSULHWDWHDFVFULVHvQED]DQXVXQWSULPHGDUVFULVHvQDOW
ED]LFLWLWHvQED]DVXQWSULPH
6FULHLXQSURJUDPFDUHJVHWHDFHVWHQXPHUHSUHFXPLED]HOHvQFDUHDXDFHDVW
SURSULHWDWH
5HFDSLWXODUH

([HPSOX

n = 4

numar in baza 10: 4 nu este prim
numar in baza 3: 31 (citit in baza 10 este prim)

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PHUHDOFURUSURGXVGHSHWHOLPLWHOHPDWHPDWLFLL3ULPXOFDUHYDUH]ROYDDFHDVW
SUREOHPYDDYHDPHGLDvQDFHOVHPHVWUX8QXOGLQWUHHLILLQGPDLLVWHLDYkQG
OkQJHOXQFDOFXODWRUGHEX]XQDUDvQFHSXWVHIHFWXH]HvQPXOLULOHSHFDOFXODWRUGDU
DREVHUYDWFvQDFHVWFD]QLFLFDOFXODWRUXOGHEX]XQDUQXvLHVWHGHIRORV'DUGDFWRW
HVWH HO PDL LVWH D DSHODW OD LQIRUPDWLFLHQL L LD UXJDW 3ULPXO FDUH vPL YD UH]ROYD
SUREOHPDYDSULPLWHPHOHFRUHFWHODPDWHPDWLFvQWRWDFHVWVHPHVWUX
6HFLWHVFQQXPHUHvQWUHJL6HFHUHVVHGHWHUPLQHSURGXVXODFHVWRUQXPHUH

'DWHGHLQWUDUH
3HSULPDOLQLHDILLHUXOGHLQWUDUH"'%( &$VHDIOXQQXPUQDWXUDOQLDUSHXUP
WRDUHOHQOLQLLH[LVWFkWHXQQXPUvQWUHJ

'DWHGHLHLUH
3URGXVXOFHORUQQXPHUHVHYDVFULHvQILLHUXOGHLHLUH"'%( &'(!

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3
1234
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2457

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SDUWLFLSDWIRDUWHPXOLFRQFXUHQL)LHFDUHHOHYDSULQVSHWLGHGLIHULWHVSHFLLVSHFLLOH
ILLQGLGHQWLILFDWHSULQQXPHUH1XPUXOSHWLORUSULQLHVWHDFHODLSHQWUXILHFDUHHOHY
6HVSXQHFvQWUHGRLHOHYLH[LVWUHODLHGHOHJWXUGDFHLDXSULQVFHOSXLQXQSHWH
GHDFHHDLVSHFLHDVWIHOIRUPkQGXVHJUXSXULGLQWUHFRSLLLFDUHDXvQSUDGFHOSXLQ
XQSHWHFRPXQ
5HFDSLWXODUH

'HWHUPLQDLQXPUXOGHJUXSXULFDUHVHYRUIRUPDLDILDLPHPEULLILHFUXLJUXS

'DWHGHLQWUDUH
'DWHOHGHLQWUDUHVHFLWHVFGLQILLHUXO !&$FDUHDUHXUPWRUXOIRUPDW
x SHSULPDOLQLHHVWHVFULVQXPUXOQDOHOHYLORU
x SHDGRXDOLQLHDYHPQXPUXONDOSHWLORUSULQLGHILHFDUHHOHY
x SHILHFDUHGLQWUHXUPWRDUHOHQOLQLLDYHPFkWHNQXPHUHFDUHLQGLFVSHFLDILHFUXL
SHWHSULQVGHXQDQXPLWHOHY

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)LLHUXO !&'(!DUHXUPWRUXOIRUPDW
x SHSULPDOLQLHVHYDVFULHQXPUXOJDOJUXSXULORUIRUPDWH
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10
3
1 2 1
1 2 2
3 3 3
3 4 5
7 8 7
7 8 7
8 8 7
9 9 9
1 1 2
7 7 8
!&'(!
4
1 2 9
3 4
5 6 7 10
8

([FHOHQL

$6HUYLFLXOGHJDUG
QYHGHUHDVWDELOLULLVHUYLFLXOXLGHJDUGODRXQLWDWHPLOLWDUFRPDQGDQWXOQRPLQDOL
]HD]QVROGDL6LQJUDGDL*&RPDQGDQWXOWLLQGFODXQPRPHQWGDWvQSRVW
LQWUGRXSHUVRDQHLFRILHUXOUHVSRQVDELOvLSXQHvQSHUHFKHSHFHLSUHY]XLvQOLV
WSULPXOFXXOWLPXODOGRLOHDFXSHQXOWLPXOHWFVWDELOHWHRUGLQHDvQOLVWDVWIHOvQ
FkWVQXVHIRUPH]HSHUHFKLPL[WHXQVROGDWLXQJUDGDW&RPDQGDQWXOPDLWLHFQ
HVWHQXPUSDULYDIRORVLDFHDVWSURSULHWDWHvQPRPHQWXOvQFDUHYDvQWRFPLOLVWD
6FULHLXQSURJUDPFDUHDILHD]SHHFUDQOLVWDGLQFDUHRILHUXOYDIRUPDSHUHFKL
FRQIRUPFHULQHL'HDVHPHQHDSURJUDPXOWUHEXLHVDILH]HLSHUHFKLOHFDUHLQWUvQ
VHUYLFLX
5HFDSLWXODUH

([HPSOX

n=4
Chirila
Macarie
Coza
Domsa
Lador
Orlea
Hila
Pacurar
S, S, G, G, S, G, S, G

RVROXLHSRVLELO
Chirila
Coza
Lador
Pacurar,
Domsa
Macarie
Orlea
Hila
Chirila - Hila
Coza - Orlea
Lador - Macarie
Pacurar Domsa
%3ODVDUHDRJOLQ]LORU
6HFRQVLGHUXQLUGHQHOHPHQWHFDUHDXYDORULOHL'HILQLPRSHUDLDSODVDUHD
GRXRJOLQ]LXQDvQVWkQJDHOHPHQWXOXLGHSHSR]LLDLLDUDOWDvQGUHDSWDHOHPHQWXOXL
GHSHSR]LLDM$FHDVWRSHUDLHDUHFDHIHFWLQWHUVFKLPEDUHDHOHPHQWHORUHJDOGHSUWD
WHGHH[WUHPHDHOHPHQWHORUFXSULQVHvQWUHSR]LLLOHLLMLQFOXVLY
6FULHLXQSURJUDPFDUHYDFLWLGRXLUXULGHOXQJLPHQLYDVWDELOLSR]LLLOHvQFDUH
YRUWUHEXLSODVDWHFHOHGRXRJOLQ]LvQFDGUXOSULPXOXLLUDVWIHOvQFkWvQXUPDSODVULL
RJOLQ]LORUSULPXOLUVGHYLQLGHQWLFFXDOGRLOHDLU

([HPSOX

n = 8
0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

&3DOLQGURP

2 6
8QLL PDWHPDWLFLHQL DX IRVW FXULRL L DX vQFHSXW V VH MRDFH FX QXPHUHOH HL DX
RELQXW WRW IHOXO GH UH]XOWDWH LQWHUHVDQWH 3HQWUX XQ QXPU RDUHFDUH [ GDW vQ ED]D E
GHILQLPXUPWRUXOSURFHVLWHUDWLYODSULPXOSDVVHDGXQQXPUXOXL[RJOLQGLWXOVX
UHSHWkQGVXFFHVLYSURFHGHXOFXUH]XOWDWXORELQXW

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x SDVXO
x SDVXO
x SDVXO
x SDVXO
5HFDSLWXODUH

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FDUHQHRSXQHPHVWHXUPWRDUHDSRUQLQGFXXQQXPURDUHFDUHVHDMXQJHvQWRWGHDX
QDODXQSDOLQGURPGXSXQQXPUILQLWGHSDL"
9HULILFDLSHQWUXXQQXPUGDWQGDFVHDMXQJHVDXQXODXQSDOLQGURPSURFHGkQG
FRQIRUPGHVFULHULLGHPDLVXV9HLDSOLFDSURFHGHXOGHFHOPXOWNRULQFD]XOvQFDUH
QXPUXOGDWVDWUDQVIRUPDWvQQXPUSDOLQGURPvQFHOPXOWNSDLDILDLQXPUXOGH
SDLQHFHVDULSUHFXPQXPUXOSDOLQGURPRELQXWvQFD]FRQWUDUVFULHLvQILLHU'NU'

([HPSOX

n = 87
n = 10

'1XPHUHDSURSLDWH

4
4884
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1XPHUHOH Q L G VH FLWHVF GH SH SULPHOH GRX OLQLL DOH ILLHUXOXL $(+"&$ LDU
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5
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LUXULGHFDUDFWHUHVWUXFWXUDWHSHOLQLL/LQLLOHVXQWVHSDUDWHSULQPDUFDMHIRUPDWHGLQ
FDUDFWHUHOHVIkULWGHOLQLHDGLF/)&5
8QDVWIHOGHILLHUVHSRDWHFUHDFXHGLWRUXOGLQPHGLXOGHSURJUDPDUHSULQSURJUDP
VDXFXRULFHDOWHGLWRUFXFDUHVHSRWFUHDILLHUH$6&,,
/XQJLPHDOLQLLORUILLQGYDULDELOQXVHSRDWHUHDOL]DXQDFFHVGLUHFWODRDQXPLWOL
QLHGLQILLHU

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GHFDUDFWHUH

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x DSHOXODFHVWHLSURFHGXULDUHFDHIHFWFUHDUHDILLHUXOXLVDXUHVFULHUHD
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YRPSXWHDVFULHvQDFHVWD

x DSHOXODFHVWHLSURFHGXULDUHFDHIHFWGHVFKLGHUHDILLHUXOXLSHQWUXFLWLUH
LQGLFDWRUXOGHILLHUDIOkQGXVHODvQFHSXWXOILLHUXOXLDGLFGXSGHVFKLGHUHDOXL
SR]LLDFXUHQWSHQWUXFLWLUHHVWHSULPDGLQILLHU
x
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