BASIC RELATIONSHIPS IN ELASTICITY THEORY

I.

Nomenclature

a)

ei
i
gij

= strain in the i- direction

= x,y,z (Cartesian) or r, q, z (cylindrical)

= shear strain in the i j plane

b)

u, v, w

c)

si

= displacements in the three directions (m)

t ij

= normal stress component (Pa)

= shear stress component (Pa)

d)

E
G
n

=modulus of elasticity in tension and compression (Pa)

= modulus of elasticity in shear (Pa) = E / 2(1 + N )
= Poissons ratio

e)

X.Y.Z = body force components (N/m3)

R,Q,Z =body force components (N/m3)

II.

Strain-Displacement Relationships
a)

Cartesian Coordinates

u
x

ex =

ey =

ez =

v
y

w v
+
y z

g xz =

u w
+
z x

er =

u
r

g rQ =

v 1 u v
+
r r Q r

eQ =

u 1 v
+
r r Q

gQ z =

1 w v
+
r Q z

g zr =

u w
+
z r

ez =

III.

g yz =

Cylindrical Coordinates

v u
+
x y

w
z

b)

g xy =

w
z

Strain-Stress Relationships

(Hookes law for an isotropic medium)

a) Cartesian Coordinates

ex =

1
[s x - v(s y + s z )]
E

ey =

1
[s y - v(s x + s z )]
E

ez =

1
[s z - v(s x + s y )]
E

t xy = Gg xy , t yz = Gg yz , t xz = Gg xz

b) Cylindrical Coordinates

er =

1
[s r - v(s Q + s z )]
E

eQ =

1
[s Q - v(s r + s z )]
E

ez =

1
[s z - v(s r + s Q )]
E

IV.

t rQ = Gg rQ , t rz = Gg rz , t Qz = Gg Qz
Stress-Strain Relationships

a)

Cartesian Coordinates

sx =

E
[(v 1)ex - v(ey + ez )]
(v + 1)(2v -1)

sy =

E
[(v 1)ey - v(ex + ez )]
(v + 1)(2v -1)

sz =

E
[(v 1)ez - v(ez + ey )]
(v + 1)(2v -1)

b)

Cylindrical Coordinates

sr =

E
[(v 1)er - v(eQ + ez )]
(v + 1)(2v -1)

sQ =

E
[(v 1)eQ - v(er + ez )]
(v + 1)(2v 1)

sz =

E
[(v 1)ez - v(er + eQ )]
(v + 1)(2v -1)
3

V.

Equilibrium Equations
a)

Cartesian Coordinates

s x t xy t xz
+
+
+X =0
x
y
z

s y t xy t yz
+
+
+Y = 0
y
x
z
t yz
t z t xz
+
+
+Z =0
z
x
y

b)

Cylidrical Coordinates

2t rQ t zQ
1 s Q t rQ
+
+
+
+Q=0
r Q
r
r
z

s r 1 t rQ s r - s Q t r z
+
+
+
+R=0
r r Q
r
z
s z 1 t zQ
t rz
t
+
+
+ rz + Z = 0
z
r Q
r
r

VI.

Equation and Unknown Count

a) Equations
6 strain displacement relationships
6 strain stress relationships
3 Equilibrium equations
15 equations
b) Unknowns

6 strains

3 displacements

6 stresses

15 unknowns

eQ
eQ

v
DQ] - [rDQ + v]
Q
rDQ

lim
=
DQ 0
lim

[(r + u)DQ + v +

lim
DQ 0

u 1 v
u 1 v
[ +
]= +
r r Q
r r Q

eQ =

er =

lim
Dr 0

u+

u
Dr - u
u
r
=
Dr
r
5