Rule of Inferences :

Rule of Replacement :

1. Modus Ponen
P Q
P
Q

1. De Morgans Theorem ( de M)
~ ( p q ) ( ~ p V ~ q)
~ ( p V q ) ( ~ p ~ q)

2. Modus Tollen (MT)

P Q
~Q

~P
3. Simplifikasi (Simp)
PQ

P
4. Konjungsi (Conj)
P
Q

P Q
5. Hypothetical Syllogism (HS)
P
Q
Q
R
P S
6. Disjunctive Syllogism (DS)
PVQ
~P
Q
7. Constructive Dilemma (CD)
(P Q)(R S)
PVR
QVS
8. Desdructive Dilemma (DD)
(P Q)(R S)
~ Q V ~S
~QV~R
9. Addition (Add)
P
PVQ

SALAH
(Fallacies of affirming
concequent)
P Q
Q
P
Fallacies of denying antecedent
P Q
~P
~ Q

2. Communication (Comm)
( p V q ) (q V p)
( p q ) (q p)
3. Assosiation (Ass)
( p V (q V r) ) ( (p V q) V r )
( p (q r) ) ( (p q) r )
4. Distribution (Distr)
(p(qVr)) ((p q)V(p
r)
(pV(qr)) ((pVq )
(pV r)
5. Double Negation (DN)
p~~p
6. Transposition (Trans)
( p q) ( ~p ~ q)
7. Material Implication (Impl)
(p
q) ( ~p V q)
8. Material Equivalence (Equiv)
(p q)((pq)(qp
))
(p q)((p q)V(~p
~q))
9. Exportation (Exp)
( ( p q ) r ) ( p ( q
r))
10.
Tautology (Taut)
p ( p V 4gp )
p (pp)