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Unit VI

Laplace Transforms

Definition:- If f(t) is a real valued function for all

, then the laplace transform of f(t),

denoted by L{f(t)} and is defined as

= ( )

Where s is parameter, real or complex.


Note: L af t b g(t) = a L f t

b L{g(t)} where a and b are constants.

Laplace transform of standard functions:1. Prove that,

= , where a is constant.

Proof: By definition

Lf t

La =

= [

If a=1, then

f t dt

a dt

= [0 1]

2. Prove that

( >

Proof: By definition L e

)
(

3. Prove that
Proof:

= {

=
=

[
[

4. Prove that
Proof:

= {

=
=
=

[
[

]
)

e dt =

)
(

dt
)

5. Prove that

Proof: By definition

6. Prove that
Proof: By definition

Proof: By definition

[0 1( . 0 + . 1)]

7. Prove that

[0 1( . 1 + . 0)]

= 0 0 +
=

=

8. Prove that L{ } =

Proof: By definition

( + 1)/

{ }

1 =

{ }

where n is a positive integer

, where n is constant

when t=0, x=0 and when t=, x=

{ } =

{ }

put st=x , s dt= dx, dt=dx/s

therefore L{ } =

( )

Definition:

Examples:

L{ } = ( + 1)/

( )=

( +

)=

1. Find L{f(t)} where f(t)=


Solution: By definition,

replacing n by n+1

, < < 1
, > 1

L{f(t)} =
=

=
(

+ 0

(0)

2. Find the Laplace transform of f(t) =


Solution : By definition,

, < < 4
, > 4

L{f(t)} =
=
=
=
= - {4
=-

1. (

-0}- {

- {

-1}+

+5
-1}- {0-

- {

-1}

, < <
, >

3. Find the Laplace transform of f(t)=

Solution: By definition,
L{f(t)} =
=
{

=
=

sin 2
)

(0)

=
=

4. Find the Laplace transform of f(t)=

Solution:

<

<

>

L{f(t)} =

5. Find the Laplace transform of f(t)=

, < <

>

First shifting property: If L{f(t)} = f(s) then, L{


Proof: By definition,
L{

f(t)} =
=
= f(s-a)

f(t)} = f(s-a)

Standard results:
1. L{
2. L{
3. L{
4. L{
5. L{

}= (

sin

cos

}=
}=

)
(

sin }=

cos }=

because, L{ }=

because, L{sin

}=

because, L{sin

}=

because, L{sinh

}=

because, L{cosh

}=

Examples:
1. Find L{

We know that, sin sin

Therefore L{sin 2 sin 3 } =


=

2. Find L{

cos(

) cos( +

cos( ) cos(5 )

t}

We know that, cos

(put =2t)

L{ cos 2t} = L{

= [L{1}+L{cos 4 }]

= { +

3. Find L{

t}

We know that sin3 = 3sin - 4sin or sin =


L{sin 2t} = L{
=

{sin2t} - {sin6t}
} - {

t cos2t cos3t}

We know that cosA cosB = {cos

+ cos

L{cost cos2t cos3t} =

5. Find L{

+4
+4

6. Find L{ (

1 +

cos 3t =
3

) + (cos 4 +

6 + cos 4 +
+

-2sin3t +3cos3t}

-2sin3t +3cos3t} =

+4( ) -2(

) }

) +3(

L{ (sint cost) } = L{sin t + cos t 2sintcost}


= L{ 1-sin2t}
= -

(put

} cos =

cos 3t + cos 3

(cos3t + cos )

L{

= 2 )

= {
4. Find L{

(put

2 )

= 3 )

7. Find L{sin2t cos3t}


We know that, cosA sinB = {sin(A+B)-sin(A-B)}
L{sin2t cos3t} =

L{sin5t-sint}

8. Find L{

We know that cos3 = 4cos - 3cos , cos =


L{ cos 2t } = L{
=
=

9. Find L{ sin5t cos2t }


10. L {
11. L {(

}
+

) +

12. L {

13. Find L{

14. Find L{
L{ e

)}
}

sinh4t} = L{ e
=
=

L{ e e

)}

(put

= 2 )

15. Find L{

L{ e

)}

(2cos5t 3sin5t)} = 2L {e
= 2 {(
= (

16. Find L{

cos5t} 3L { e
} - 3 {(

because, sin =

= L{ e e cos2t}
= L{

17. Find L{

We know that, sinA cosB =

{sin(A+B)+sin(A-B)}

L{ e sin2t cost} = L{ e (sin3t + sint) }

= L{ e sin3t + e sint) }
= {(

L{

19. L{

L{ e sin t} = L{ e (

18. Find L{

sin5t}

} = {(

20. L{sinhat sinat}

+(

Properties of Laplace transforms:

Property 1: If L{f(t)}= f(s) then L{ ( )} = ( )


Proof: By definition
( ) =

( )

Differentiating both sides with respect to s


[f(s)] =

f(t) dt

According to Leibnitz rule for differentiation under integral sign


[f(s)]

[f(s)]

= -

[f(s)]

f(t) dt

( ) f(t) dt
f(t) dt

(-1) [f(s)] = L{t f(t)}

Similarly

( 1)
( 1)
( 1)

f(t)}
f(t)}


Property 2: If
Proof: By definition

( ) then prove that

f(t) dt

Integrating both sides between s to with respect to s


=

f t dt ds

=
=
=

[changing the order of integration]

f t ds dt

[0

= L {

( )

( )

Examples:
(1) Find {

We know that

} =

} = ( 1)1
= [


(
)

]
] = (

(2) Find

We know that

} =

} = ( 1)1

= [

] = (

(3) Find L{t2 sin at}


We know that L {sin at} =

Therefore L t sin at = ( 1)
=

[(

= (

t cos ht =
=

{t (

[ t

)}

+ t

(
(

(4) Find {

)
)
(

)
]

= [(

5. Find {

We know that
Therefore

= 3 [(

sin 4
4

7. Find

cos 3

We know that

Therefore

= (

= {

= {

= [

= ( 1)

= (
6. Find {

+ (

[(

)}

}
]

( + )

= 0

8. Find {

We know that sin

Therefore

9. Find {

L{

{1

} =
} =

= [

We know that

10. Find

} =
=

]ds

= [logs log (s 1)]


= [

] =

ds

= [
11. Find {

] = 0

We know that L e sint =

12. Find {
13. Find

14. Show that


sin4t] dt

= ( 1)

= (

Put s=2

15. P.T.

sin4t] dt = (

We have,
e

+ 1 =

] =

[t e

ds = [tan (

[t e

f t dt = L f t

)
)

tcos2tdt = L tcos2t

)]

( + 1)

= ( 1)

Put s=3,
e

16. Evaluate

= (

tcos2tdt = (

] = [

using Laplace transform

We have,

f t dt = L f t
) dt = L{
=

= [

= [

( + )

= 0

Put s=0
e

)dt = log

( + )]

] = [

Property 3: If
Proof: Let

L F t

= ( ) then [

f t dt and hence

F t dt

= 0 0 +
=

17. Find {

Let

}
=

= {

= (1) [
= [

] =

] =

t cos at dt =

( )

( )

( )

( ) and

e
F t dt
s

F t dt

0 = 0

18. Find {

Let f t = e
= {
=

= [

L[
e

f t dt] =

( )

ds

)]
)

= ( )

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