Scribd Logo
Importer

Bienvenue sur Scribd !

  • Nervoussystemlabreport

    Transféré par

    api-296604280
    16 vues6 pages
    Action potential also known as a nerve impulses is the events of electrical response that takes place in a cell. The first event in an action potential is depolarization where the sodium ions change from a negative to a positive level at the membrane of the neuron. During the refractory period, the axons voltagegated sodium channels are not responsive at all.

    Description originale:

    Titre original

    nervoussystemlabreport

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Formats disponibles

    PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd

    Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

    Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

    Signaler ce document
    Action potential also known as a nerve impulses is the events of electrical response that takes place in a cell. The first event in an action potential is depolarization where the sodium ions change from a negative to a positive level at the membrane of the neuron. During the refractory period, the axons voltagegated sodium channels are not responsive at all.

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    16 vues6 pages

    Nervoussystemlabreport

    Transféré par

    api-296604280
    Action potential also known as a nerve impulses is the events of electrical response that takes place in a cell. The first event in an action potential is depolarization where the sodium ions change from a negative to a positive level at the membrane of the neuron. During the refractory period, the axons voltagegated sodium channels are not responsive at all.

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 6

    EduardoBautista

    NervousSystemLabReport

    Thislabreportwilladdressanormalcellenvironmentwheretheactionpotentialoccursinthe
    neurontriggerzonewhenthemembranepotential(electricalcharge)risesandfalls,theneutron
    thensendselectricalimpulsedownanaxonawayfromthecellbodyanditwillalsoaddressthe
    effectsoftoxinsontheactionpotentialfollowedbycranialnerveandreflextesting.Action
    potentialalsoknownasanerveimpulsesistheeventsofelectricalresponsethattakesplacein
    acell,causedwhendifferentionscrossestheneuronmembrane.Thefirsteventinanaction
    potentialisdepolarizationwherethesodiumionschangefromanegativetoapositivelevelat
    themembraneoftheneuron.Theeventafterdepolarizationknownasrepolarization,iswhen
    thecellrepolarizesitselfbyusingitssodiumpotassiumpumplocatedinthemembrane,for
    everythreesodiumionsitpumpsout,itpumpsintwopotassiumionsuntiltheproperchargeis
    reached.Duringtherefractoryperiod,whichlastsaround1/2500ofasecond,theaxons
    voltagegatedsodiumchannelsarenotresponsiveatall,andtheaxoncannotbestimulatedto
    produceanotheractionpotential.Thefigurebelowrepresentsallinformationanddatacollected
    byresearchingactionpotentialfurtherandlabsperformedwiththeinformationabove.

    Figure1

    Animal

    Toxin

    Effects

    BlackWidowSpider

    Maculotoxin

    BlocksSodiumChannels

    Krait

    Latrotoxin

    EnhancesAcetylcholineRelease

    BlueRingedOctopus

    Bungarotoxin

    BlocksAcetylcholineReceptor

    Scorpion

    Tetrodotoxin

    BlocksSodiumChannels

    ConeSnail

    Apamin

    BlocksPotassiumChannels

    Pufferfish

    Charybdotoxin

    BlocksPotassiumReceptors

    Bee

    Conotoxin

    Onetypeblocksvoltagesensitivesodium
    channelsoneblocksAChreceptors

    MutantGene

    Agenemutationisapermanentalterationin
    theDNAsequencethatmakesupagene,such
    thatthesequencediffersfromwhatisfound
    inmostpeople.Mutationsrangeinsizethey
    canaffectanywherefromasingleDNA
    buildingblock(basepair)toalargesegment
    ofachromosomethatincludesmultiple
    genes.

    SyntheticToxin

    Atoxinisapoisonoussubstanceproduced
    withinlivingcellsororganismssynthetic
    toxicantscreatedbyartificialprocessesare
    thusexcluded.

    Batrachotoxin

    Batrachotoxinisanextremelypotent
    cardiotoxicandneurotoxicsteroidalalkaloid
    foundincertainspeciesoffrogs,melyrid
    beetles,andbirds.Batrachotoxinwasderived
    fromtheGreekword"batrachos"meaning
    "frog".

    DendrotoxinKfromthevenom

    Dendrotoxinsareagroupofproteinsfoundin
    thevenomoftheblackmamba(
    Dendroaspis
    polylepispolylepis
    )andtheeasterngreen
    mamba(
    Dendroaspisangusticeps
    ).They

    belongtothebpti(bovinepancreatictrypsin
    inhibitor)/kunitzfamilyofinhibitors.They
    alsoaidinthereleaseofacetylcholinefrom
    presynapticmembranesofcholinergic
    synapses.DendrotoxinKinhibitstrypsin
    slightly,butitfailstoinhibitchymotrypsinat
    all.However,dendrotoxinKisaselective
    blockerofvoltagegatedpotassiumchannels.
    DendrotoxinKisa57aminoacidresidue
    longproteinthatcontainsthreedisulfide
    bonds:Cys5Cys55,Cys14Cys38,and
    Cys30Cys51.
    Generalanestheticlikesevoflurane

    Sevofluranebelongstothegroupof
    medicinesknownasgeneralanesthetics.
    Sevofluraneisusedtocausegeneral
    anesthesia(lossofconsciousness)beforeand
    duringsurgery.Itisinhaled(breathedin).
    Althoughsevofluranecanbeusedbyitself,
    combinationsofanestheticsareoftenused
    together.Thishelpsproducemoreeffective
    anesthesiainsomepatients.

    potassium

    Potassiumisachemicalelementwithsymbol
    Kandatomicnumber19.Itwasfirstisolated
    frompotash,theashesofplants,fromwhich
    itsnameisderived.

    sodiumchannelwithadifferentmutation

    Generalizedepilepsywithfebrileseizures
    plustype1isaninheritedhumanepileptic
    syndrome,associatedwitha
    cysteinetotryptophan(C121W)mutationin
    theextracellularimmunoglobulindomainof
    theauxiliary1subunitofthevoltagegated
    sodiumchannel.Themutationdisrupts1
    function,buthowthisleadstoepilepsyisnot
    understood.Inthisstudy,wemakeseveral
    observationsthatmayberelevantfor
    understandingwhythis1mutationresultsin
    seizures.First,withelectrophysiological
    recordingsfrommammaliancelllines,
    coexpressingsodiumchannelsubunitsand
    eitherwildtype1orC121W1,weshow
    thatlossof1functionalmodulation,caused
    bytheC121Wmutation

    ToolsforTheBrainLab.

    Vous aimerez peut-être aussi