Nursing

Administration

Jester B Rafols RN

Mrs.Daisy Llarenas RN MAN MBA

New Concept of Leadership

What is Leadership
Concepts of Leadership

Transformational leadership
Transactional leadership
Charismatic leadership
Visionary leadership
Team leadership
Leadership Substitutes

What is Leadership?
Leadership is the ability and
willingness to influence others in
order to perform a task.

Transformational Leadership

A transformational leader inspires his or her team

constantly with a shared vision of the future.
Transformational leadership is a process that
changes and transforms individuals.

EX:

Characteristics of a
Transformational Leader
Develops a vision.
Puts passion and energy into everything.
Takes every opportunity and goal oriented.
Very careful in creating trust, and personal
integrity to create followers.

Cont
Accept the failures, as long as they feel
progress is being made.
Visible.
They dont necessarily lead from the front, as
they tend to delegate responsibility amongst
their team.
They are more people oriented

Types of Transformational
Leaders
Intellectual
Reformers
Revolutionaries
Charismatic

Transformational Leadership in
the workplace

Acts as a change agent within the organization

Strong role model with high values.
Empowers followers to do best.
Listens to all viewpoints to develop a spirit of
cooperation.
Creates a vision, using people in the
organization.
Helps the organization by helping others
contribute to the organization.

Strength
Effectively influence associates on all
levels.
Strongly emphasize associates' needs and values.

Weakness
Treat leadership more as a personality trait than as
a learned behavior.

Transactional Leadership
It focuses on interpersonal interactions
between managers and employees
(Kreitner & Kinicki, 2005)

Style of the Transactional Leader

Team members agree to obey their leader totally.
The organization pays the team members in return
for their effort and compliance.
Leaders have a right to punish the team
members.
This behavior focuses on the accomplishment of
tasks and good relationship with employees.

Types of Transactional
Behaviors

Contingent Reward

Passive Management by Exception

Active Management by Exception

Laissez-Faire Leadership

Transactional Vs. Transformational

Transactional

Transformational

Guide or motivate
followers in the
direction of
established goals.
Set expectations,
define tasks and
shoot for established
goals. (Linear
planning)
Practice to achieve
changes of systems.

Inspire followers to
surpass their own selfinterest for the good of
the organization.
They recognize
organization as a complex
system.
Practice when looking to
change culture of the
organization

Liberate the Mind; Eschew Blind-Faith

Yes

Kaalamas, you may well doubt, you may well

waver, In doubtful matter wavering does arise
-Lord Buddha

Charisma
A certain quality of an individual personality by virtue
of which he is set apart from Ordinary men & treated as
endowed with supernatural, superhuman or at list
specifically exceptional power or qualities.
Not accessible to an ordinary person
Regard as of divine origin as exemplary & on the basis
of them the individual concerned is treated as a Leader.

Charismatic Leadership
A Leadership resting on devotion to the
exceptional sanctity, heroism or exemplar
character of an individual person, & of the
normative patterns of order revealed or
ordained by a person.
-Max Weber

Ex: Lord Buddha

Process
Continual Assessment of the environment and formulating a vision

Communication of the vision

Building & commitment

Achieving the vision

Characteristics
Remarkable ability to distill complex ideas
into simple messages, by using symbols,
analogies, metaphors & stories.
Relish risk and feel empty without it.
Great optimistic Ideas
Rebels
Consider as an inspirational Leader ( Hero )
Generate strong enthusiasm.

Elements of Charismatic
Leadership
The Charismatic Leader
Envisioning

Articulating a
compelling
vision
Setting high
Expectations
Modeling
consistent
behavior

Energizing

Enabling

Demonstrating
personal
excitement
Seeking, finding
and using success
Expressing
personal
confidence

Expressing
personal
Support
Empathizing
Expressing
confidence
in people

Strengths
Resulting in relatively strong unchallenged
levels of obedience.
Useful in difficult time.( Urgent Organizational
turnaround )
Effective ( if the Leaders vision is right )
Rhetorical ability
Energetic, inner clarity, visionary, exemplary
and unconventional

Weaknesses
Poor delegation
( tendency of gathering weak yes men
around him)
People possessing this skills & attribute are
relatively rare.
Freedom from inner ( moral )Conflicts
Unpredictable. Potentially dangerous

Visionary Leadership
Visionary leaders are the builders of a new
dawn, working with imagination, insight,
and boldness.
Ex: Mother Teresa

Contd
Their eyes are on the horizon, not just on the
near at hand.

Qualities of an effective
Visionary leader.

(Bennis, W., Visionary Leadership1992)

Appropriate for the organization.

Set standards of excellence and reflect high
ideals.
Clarify purpose and direction.
Inspire enthusiasm and encourage commitment.
Well articulated and easily understood.
Reflect the uniqueness of the organization.
Ambitious.

Elements of Visionary
Leadership
The Objective
The Goal
Leadership Innovation

Visionary leaders are suitable for

the organizations with,
Flexibility,
Rapid change,
High professionalism with little supervision,
Interdependent experts,
Cross-disciplinary ideas.

Barriers to a Visionary
Leadership Role

Lack of time
Avoidance of risk taking
Lack of Board involvement in Strategic planning
Lack of Knowledge
Micro management
Holding on to the old ways
Lack of clarity regarding board staff roles &
relationship

Team Leadership
What is a Team?
A team comprises a group of people link in a
common purpose.
Team Leader leads by positive example & try
to convert a team environment in which all
team members can reach their highest
potential, both as team members and as people.

Characteristics of a Team Leader

Commitment to people as well as task.

Desire to support and serve the team as well as lead
from the front.
Enthusiasm, energy, inspiration and sufficient
expertise.
Willingness to shoulder responsibility rather than
pass the buck
Ability to make the team come together to achieve
more than a group of individuals

Team Leader Roles

Conflict Manager

Coach

Team Leader
Roles

Liaisons with external

constituencies

Trouble Shooter

Team Leader in an Organization

Many Organizations implement Team
Concept.
Any Team should consist a Leader for the
better functioning of the team.
Team Leadership may be informal or formal.

How Team leadership differs

from traditional top-down
leadership

Responsibility for group effectiveness is shared

by the group.

Control over the final decision is left to the

group.

The importance of one's position and power are

de-emphasized in team leadership.

The leader perceives the group as an "interacting

and collective team.

Cont
The task-oriented functions of the team are shared
by the entire group through its new roles.
Team leaders are accept his followers opinions.

Leadership Substitutes
Leadership substitutes are individual, task,
and organizational characteristics that tend
to outweigh the leaders ability to affect
subordinates satisfaction and performance .

Cont

Kerr & Jermier (1978)

The researchers found that;
People who are working in a formalizing
procedures (in a professional settings) do
not like leaders.
subordinates ability, professional
orientation, and desire for autonomy make
any directives from the leader
counterproductive.

Contd

According to Kerr & Jemier, Leadership

Substitutes can be
Factors in the subordinate
Factors in the task
Factors in the organization

Leadership substitutes

Workplace substitutes
Subordinates'
Task
organizational

Super leadership

Workplace Substitutes
Factors in the subordinate/ Individuals

Ability
Experience
Training
Knowledge
Professional orientation
Need for independent
Equity

Contd
Factors in the task

Routine
High degree structure
Feedback
Intrinsic satisfaction

Factors in the Organization

Explicit plans & goals

Rules & procedures
Cohesive workgroups
Rigid reward structure
Physical distance between supervisor &
subordinate

Superleadership
Superleadership occurs when a Leader gradually
turns over power, responsibility, and control to a
self managing work group.
Facilitator role than a leader

Summary
What is Leadership
Concepts of Leadership

Transformational leadership
Transactional leadership
Charismatic leadership
Visionary leadership
Team leadership
Leadership Substitutes

An Effective Leader should not

be a Leader or a manager, but
he should be
A LEADER MANAGER