Chapter 11

A new animal is discovered with a prominent muscular foot that attaches

to underwater rocks. The animal also has a one-piece shell. To which of the
following animal groups does this new animal belong? Gastropods
According to the fossil record, the first modern humans appeared
approximately: 200,000 years ago.
All groups of animals have nervous systems EXCEPT: sponges.
An air environment, gravity, and desiccation are three challenges that
were addressed in the evolution of reptiles. What three evolutionary
innovations addressed these challenges? lungs, better limb support, and the
amniotic egg
As mammals evolved, there was a gradual transition from bodies with
short legs to bodies with longer legs, held vertically beneath the trunk of
the animal. Which of the following was a result of this anatomical change
in early mammals? the animals could run faster after prey
Crabs, lobsters, and barnacles all belong to which group? Crustaceans
In cnidarians, cnidocytes are primarily used for: prey capture and defense.
Marsupials are thought to be most closely related to: placental mammals.
Octopuses belong to which of the following groups? Cephalopods
Sharks are to jaws as _________ are to _________________. lampreys, circular oral
disks
Sponges are: All of the above.
Terrestrial vertebrates are descendants of lobe-finned fishes that lived
during the Devonian period, approximately: 400 million years ago.
The lineage that first separated from the common ancestor of all animals,
and retains many of the same primitive features to this day, includes
which of the following modern organisms? the sponge
The molluscan mantle is used primarily for: producing the shell.
The most ancient branching point in the phylogeny of animals is the one
that distinguishes between having: true tissues or no tissues.
The notochord that characterizes all chordates at some stage in their life
cycle provides all of the following functions EXCEPT: bony protection for the
nerve cord.
The notochord that characterizes all chordates at some stage in their life
cycle provides all of the following functions EXCEPT: bony protection for the
nerve cord.
The phylum Arthropoda includes all of the following kinds of animals
EXCEPT: bivalves.

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The swim bladder in ray-finned fishes is believed to be homologous to the
_______ of terrestrial vertebrates. Lungs
Trichinella worms sometimes cause the disease known as trichinosis in
humans when undercooked pork is eaten. These organisms have long
cylindrical bodies but no segmentation. This species is MOST similar to
which of the following animals? Nematodes
What is the key difference between protostomes and deuterostomes? The
protostome gut develops from front to back, so the first opening is the mouth. The
deuterostome gut develops back to front, and the second opening becomes the
mouth.
What is the relationship between coral and zooxanthellae? Mutually
symbiotic; zooxanthellae provide the coral with nutrition, while the coral provide
zooxanthellae with carbon dioxide.
Which of the following best explains why fins and jaws evolved in a
parallel manner? Fins and jaws work together: Fins get you to the organism
you are going to eat, and jaws capture and kill it.
Which of the following characteristics could NOT be used to differentiate
the three worm phyla, Annelida, Platyhelminthes, and Nematoda? bilateral
symmetry
Which of the following is an advantage of radial symmetry? The first three
choices are all advantages of radial symmetry.
Which of the following is an animal with rigid bones, jaws, and a swim
bladder? Salmon
Which of the following is an example of an echinoderm? sand dollar
Which of the following is not a crustacean? Portuguese man-o'-war
Which of the following is NOT an arthropod? Squid
Which of the following is NOT one of the major evolutionary adaptations
that occurred as animals moved from water to land? swim bladder
Which of the following is true of ALL animals? They are capable of movement
at some stage of their life cycle.
Which of the following is true of reptiles but not amphibians? Reptiles have
amniotic eggs, whereas amphibians do not.
Which of the following is unique about vertebrates in terms of the phylum
Chordata? The notochord is not present throughout life; rather, it is only found in
early embryos and is replaced by the vertebral column (backbone).
Which of the following organisms does NOT contain chitin? Snails

Chapter 11
Which of the following species living today is the most evolutionarily
successful? All of the above species are equally successful because they are not
extinct.
Which of the following species living today is the most evolutionarily
successful? All of the above species are equally successful because they are not
extinct.
Which of the following statements is TRUE? More than 96% of the animal
kingdom is made up of invertebrates.
Which of the following traits is unique to arthropods? an exoskeleton
Which one of the common names is matched correctly with its phyla?
roundworms: Nematoda