33kv CT Calculations

ABB Transmission & Distribution LTD.
Document Title : CT/VT calculations for 33kV Switchgear for

ADWEA contract no G1408
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION
TITLE
PAGE NO
1.0
OBJECTIVE ...................................................................................................... 3
2.0
REFERENCES .................................................................................................. 3
3.0
SCOPE .............................................................................................................. 3
4.0
CT SIZING CALCULATIONS............................................................................ 3
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.4.5
33kV Cable Feeder........................................................................................................... 3

CT's for Metering .............................................................................................................. 3
CT's for Pilot wire protection ............................................................................................. 4
CT's for Busbar protection................................................................................................. 4
CT's for Overcurrent and Earth fault protection ................................................................ 6
33/11.55kV,15& 20MVA Transformer Feeder ................................................................ 8
CT's for Metering .............................................................................................................. 8
CT's for Differential protection......................................................................................... 10
CT's for Overcurrent and Earth fault protection .............................................................. 15
CT's for Busbar protection............................................................................................... 20
33kV Bus section Feeder .............................................................................................. 20
CT's for Metering ............................................................................................................ 20
33kV Over head line(OHL) Feeder ............................................................................... 22
CT's for Metering ............................................................................................................ 22
CT's for Distance protection ............................................................................................ 23
CT's for Sensitive Earth Fault protection......................................................................... 29
5.0
VT SIZING CALCULATIONS.......................................................................... 31
6.0
Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 32
7.0
Summary Of Current Transformers (Annexure 1)......32
8.0
Summary Of Voltage Transformers(Annexure 2) .......................................... 32
NOTE:
The catalogues of all the relays and cables are enclosed vide DTS no. 0012 dated
15.11.2003 and DTS no. 0015 dated 23.11.2003.
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 2 of32
Document Title : CT calculations for 33kV Switchgear for ADWEA

contract no G1408
1.0
OBJECTIVE
To establish current transformer(CT) and Voltage transformer(VT) parameters at 33
kV level for all the 5 new substations.
2.0
REFERENCES
a) Bay control unit REF542 Plus catalogue
b) 33kV switchgear vendor (ABB Calor Emag) Single line diagram
c) Ducab cable catalogue
d) ESI standard 48-3 and Clients/Consultant Recommendations
e) Relay catalogues Recommendations
3.0
SCOPE
To establish the requirements of CT/VT parameters such as CT/VT ratio, VA burden,
knee point voltage, accuracy class and magnetising current for CTs on the 33 kV
switchgear at all the sub-stations.
4.0
CT SIZING CALCULATIONS
4.1
33kV Cable Feeder
4.1.1
CTs for Metering

CT Ratio:
600-1200/1A.
Type of Metering:
Metering Through Bay Control Unit (BCU) type REF542 Plus
Burden of bay control unit
= 0.1 VA (Refer REF542 Plus catalogue)
The BCU is mounted on the 33kV switchgear.
Minimum length of cable
between CT and BCU
Size of cable
= 5 meters
Resistance of cable per

km at 20 deg C
= 7.41 Ohms (Refer Ducab cable catalogue)
= 2.5 sqmm
Resistance of cable at
= 7.41(1+0.00393 (55-20) )
55 deg C, considering
temperature correction factor
= 8.429 ohm/km
Total resistance
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
= 2 x 8.429 x 5 / 1000
Page 3 of32

(Lead & Return conductors) = 0.08429
Burden due to lead resistance = Total resistance x (CT secondary current)2
= 0.08429 x 12
Total burden
= 0.08429 VA
= Total burden of the BCU + Burden due to lead
resistance
= 0.1 + 0.08429
= 0.18429 VA
Considering 25% future margin

Total burden required
=1.25 x 0.18429 = 0.23 VA
Hence a standard burden rating of minimum 15 VA is chosen.

The CT Accuracy Class selected is CL. 0.5 as per the specification requirements.
The instrument security factor (ISF) selected is less than Five (5) as per the
specification requirements.
Abstract:
Therefore a CT of CL. 0.5,15VA is proposed for 600-1200/1A and CL. 0.5,30VA is
proposed for 600-1200/1A.The CTs are with a factor of safety less than or equal to 5.
The same is as per the specification.
4.1.2
CTs for Pilot Wire Protection:

The current transformer details for all the incoming cable feeders from different
substations are proposed to match with the remote end CT data.
The calculation for pilot wire protection will be included in this document after
finalization of remote end CT details.
4.1.3
CTs for Bus Bar Protection:

CT Ratio:
2000/1 A
Type of relay: REB 500 ( ABB make)
Fault current rating of 33kV switchgear = 31.5kA
This relay is mounted on 33kV busbar protection panel which is located in control
room.
Burden of relay = 0.1VA(Refer relay catalogue)
= 30 meters
between CT and relay
Size of cable
= 4 sqmm
km/phase at 20 deg C
= 4.61(1+0.00393 (55-20) )
= 5.244ohm/km
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 4 of32

Total resistance
= 2 x 5.244 x 30 / 1000
= 0.314 x 12
= 0.314 VA
= Burden of the relay + Burden due to lead
resistance
= 0.1 + 0.314 =
0.414 VA
Total burden

=1.25 x 0.614 = 0.5175 VA
Hence a standard burden rating of 15 VA is chosen.

The CT Accuracy Class selected is CL. 5P20 as per the relay requirements.
Therefore a CT of 2000/1A, CL. 5P20, 15VA is proposed.
To ensure correct operation of the connected relay in case of faults, the CT must be
able to transform the maximum symmetrical short circuit current without saturation.
To satisfy the above, following condition to be checked:
Koalf
Where,
Iscc / Ipn
Ipn
CT primary nominal current
2000A
Iscc
max. symmetrical short circuit current=
31.5kA
Koalf
Operating accuracy limiting factor
The operating accuracy limiting factor (Koalf) depends on the nominal accuracy limiting
factor (Knalf), the nominal CT burden (Pn), the internal CT burden (Pi) and the total
connected burden (Pb).
Pn + Pi
Koalf
=
Knalf x
Pb + Pi
Where,
Pn
Nominal CT burden
Knalf
20
Pi
Internal CT burden
V*I
(I * Rct) * I
I2 * Rct
9 Ohm (as per manufacturers recommendations)
12 x 9
9 VA
Total connected burden
Pr + PL
0.1 + 0.314
0.414 VA
Rct
Pb
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
= 15 VA
Page 5 of32

15 + 9
Koalf
20 x
0.414 + 9
=
Iscc / Ipn =
=
51
31500 / 2000
15.75
Koalf > Iscc / Ipn

Hence the selected CT with parameters 2000/1, 5P20, 15VA is adequate.
Confirmations of Manufacturers Recommendations:
As per REB 500 Catalogue the Koalf Should satisfy the following conditions:
Condition 1:
Koalf >= 1xI kmax
5xI1N
I kmax : Maximum through fault current
I1N
: Rated primary CT Current
I kmax = 31500A
I1N
= 2000A
Hence we have:
31500
5 x 2000
31500
10000
3.15
Hence Koalf(valued 51) proposed is greater than above calculated value of 3.15.
Hence the condition 1 of the manufacturers recommendations is satisfied.
Condition 2:
Koalf >= 10 for TN <=120ms,
Koalf >= 20 for TN <=120ms <= TN <= 300ms.
Hence Koalf(valued 51) proposed is greater than above Mentioned values.
Hence the condition 2 of the manufacturers recommendations is satisfied.
Abstract:
Therefore a CT of CL. 5P20,15VA is proposed with ratio 2000/1A as per the
Specification.
4.1.4
CTs for Overcurrent & Earth Fault Protection:

CT Ratio:
600-1200/1A
Type of relay: REJ 525 ( ABB make)
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 6 of32

The relay is mounted on 33kV relay panel which is located in control room.
Burden of relay
= 0.1VA(Refer relay catalogue)
Lead burden
Total burden
= 0.314VA (As calculated in 4.1.3 above)

resistance
= 0.1 + 0.314
= 0.414 VA

=1.25 x 0.414 = 0.5175VA
Hence a standard burden rating of 15 VA is chosen for a 600 tap and a burden of
30VA is chosen for a tap of 1200A.
The CT Accuracy Class selected is CL. 5P20 as per the specification requirements.
For a Tap of 600A
To satisfy the above, following condition to be checked :
Koalf
Where,
Iscc / Ipn
Ipn
Iscc
max. symmetrical short circuit current =
Koalf
600A
31.5kA
Pn + Pi
=
Knalf x
Koalf
Pb + Pi
Where,
Pn
Nominal CT burden
Knalf
20
Pi
Internal CT burden
V*I
(I * Rct) * I
I2 * Rct
12 x 3
3 VA
Pr + PL
0.1 + 0.314
0.414 VA
Rct
Pb
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
= 15 VA
Page 7 of32

15 + 3
Koalf
20 x
0.414 + 3
=
Iscc / Ipn =
=
105.44
31500 / 600
52.5
Koalf > Iscc / Ipn

Hence the selected CT with parameters 600 1200 / 1, 5P20, 15VA is adequate.
For a Tap of 1200A
Pn
Nominal CT burden
Knalf
20
Pi
Internal CT burden
V*I
(I * Rct) * I
I2 * Rct
6 Ohm (Assumed)
12 x 6
6 VA
Pr + PL
0.1 + 0.314
0.414 VA
Rct
Pb
= 30 VA
15 + 6
Koalf
20 x
0.414 + 6
=
Iscc / Ipn =
=
65
31500 / 1200
27
Koalf > Iscc / Ipn

Abstract:
Therefore a CT of CL. 5P20, 15VA is proposed for 600-1200/1A and CL. 5P20, 30VA
is proposed for 600-1200/1A.
4.2
33/11.55kV, 15MVA & 20MVA Transformer Feeder
4.2.1
CTs for Metering

CT Ratio: (For 20MVA Transformer)
400-600/1A.
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 8 of32

CT Ratio: (For 15MVA Transformer)
300-600/1A.
Type of Metering:
Total burden of bay control unit = 0.1 VA(Refer REF542 Plus catalogue)
between CT and BCU
Size of cable
= 5 meters

km at 20 deg C
= 2.5 sqmm
= 7.41(1+0.00393 (55-20) )
= 8.429 ohm/km
Total resistance
= 2 x 8.429 x 5 / 1000
= 0.08429 x 12
Total burden
= 0.08429 VA
resistance
= 0.1 + 0.08429
= 0.18429 VA

=1.25 x 0.18429 = 0.23 VA

The instrument security factor (ISF) selected is less than Five(5) as per the
specification requirement
Abstract (20MVA Transformer):
proposed for 300-600/1A. The CTs are with a factor of safety less than or equal to 5.
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 9 of32

4.2.2
CTs for Differential Protection:

Differential Core Calculations for 20MVA Transformer
CT Ratio:
400-600/1A.
Type of relay: RET 316*4 (ABB make)
Knee Point Voltage Calculations:
Fault current rating of 33 kV switchgear
= 31.5 kA
As per ESI Standard 48-3 the formulae for calculating Knee Point Voltage is
VK = If * N * (Rct+Rl)
Where If
= fault current
N = Turns Ratio
Rct = CT secondary resistance
Rl = Lead resistance
Maximum fault current carrying capacity of 33 kV switchgear is 31.5 kA, which can be
considered for knee point calculation.
For a Tap of 400A
If = 31500 Amps
N = 1/400
Rct = 1.5 (As recommended by Manufacturer)
The differential relay is mounted on 33kV relay panel, which is located in controlroom.
= 30 meters
Size of cable
= 4 sqmm
= 4.61(1+0.00393 (55-20) )
= 5.244ohm/km
Total resistance
= 2 x 5.244 x 30 / 1000
= 0.314 x 12
= 0.314 VA
Therefore, substituting the above values in the formula for Vk,
VK = 31500* (1/400) * (1.5 + 0.314 )
VK = 143V
Therefore a CT of 400-600/1A, CL. X, VK > 250V is proposed.
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 10 of32

For a Tap of 600A
Rct = 3 (Assumed)
VK = 31500* (1/600) * (3 + 0.314 )
VK = 173.9V
Therefore a CT of 400-600/1A, CL. X, VK > 250V is proposed .
Recommendations from Consultant/Client :
Further, to avoid mal-operation on energization of power transformer and in
connection with fault current that passes through power transformer, the rated
secondary voltage has to satisfy the following conditions:
Condition-1
The core may not saturate for current lower than 30 times the Power
Transformer rated current at connected burden. This ensures stability also
with heavy DC saturation.
Vk 30 * Int * (Rct + Rl + Rr / Ir2)
Where,
Int
Main CT secondary current corresponding to rated primary

current of power transformer
Rct
CT secondary resistance
Rl
Lead resistance
Rr
Relay burden
Ir
Nominal relay current
Full load current of the transformer = (20000 / 1.732 * 33) = 350 Amps.
For a Tap of 400A
Vk 30 * (350/400) * (1.5+ 0.314 + 0.1 / 12)
Vk 50.24V
The knee point voltage proposed by us is 250V.
Hence this condition is Verified.
For a Tap of 600A
Vk 30 * (350/600) * (3+ 0.314 + 0.1 / 12)
Vk 60V
Condition-2
The core may not saturate for current lower than 4 times the maximum
through fault current at connected burden.
Vk 4 * Ift * (Rct + Rl + Rr / Ir2)
Where,
Ift
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Maximum secondary side through fault current

Page 11 of32

Rct
Rl
Lead resistance
Rr
Relay burden
Ir
Impedance of transformer = 10%
Through fault current = 350 / 0.1 = 3500 Amps
For a Tap of 400A
Secondary side through fault current = 3500 / 400 = 8.75 Amps.
Hence Vk 4 * 8.75 * (1.5+ 0.314 + 0.1 / 12)
Vk 67 V
For a Tap of 600A
Hence Vk 4 * 5.83 * (3+ 0.314 + 0.1 / 12)
Vk 80 V
Therefore a CT of Vk > 250V is proposed for 400-600/1A and Vk > 250V is proposed
for 400-600/1A.Imag shall be 50mA @ Vk/2
Differential Core calculations for 15MVA Transformer
CT Ratio:
300-600/1A.
Type of relay: RET 316*4 (ABB make)
= 31.5 kA
Where If = fault current
N = Turns Ratio
Maximum fault current carrying capacity of 33 kV switchgear is 31.5 kA, which can be
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 12 of32

For a Tap of 300A
If = 31500 Amps
N = 1/300
Rct = 1.5 (As recommended by Manufacturer)
The differential relay is mounted on 33kV relay panel, which is located in controlroom.
= 30 meters
Size of cable
= 4 sqmm
= 4.61(1+0.00393 (55-20) )
= 5.244ohm/km
Total resistance
= 2 x 5.244 x 30 / 1000
= 0.314 x 12
= 0.314 VA
VK = 31500* (1/300) * (1.5 + 0.314 )
VK = 190V
For a Tap of 600A
Rct = 3 (Assumed)
VK = 31500* (1/600) * (3 + 0.314 )
VK = 173.9V
Therefore a CT of 300-600/1A, CL. X, VK > 250V is proposed .
Recommendations from Consultant/Client :
Further, to avoid mal-operation on energization of power transformer and in
connection with fault current that passes through power transformer, the rated
secondary voltage has to satisfy the following conditions:
Condition-1
The core may not saturate for current lower than 30 times the power
transformer rated current at connected burden. This ensures stability also with
heavy DC saturation.
Vk 30 * Int * (Rct + Rl + Rr / Ir2)
Where,
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 13 of32

Int
Main CT secondary current corresponding to rated primary

current of power transformer
Rct
Rl
Lead resistance
Rr
Relay burden
Ir
For a Tap of 300A
Vk 30 * (265/300) * (1.5+ 0.314 + 0.1 / 12)
Vk 51V
For a Tap of 600A
Vk 30 * (265/600) * (3+ 0.314 + 0.1 / 12)
Vk 45V
Condition-2
The core may not saturate for current lower than 4 times the maximum
through fault current at connected burden.
Vk 4 * Ift * (Rct + Rl + Rr / Ir2)
Where,
Ift
Maximum secondary side through fault current
Rct
Rl
Lead resistance
Rr
Relay burden
Ir
Impedance of transformer = 10%
Through fault current = 265 / 0.1 = 2650 Amps
For a Tap of 300A
Hence Vk 4 * 8.8 * (1.5+ 0.314 + 0.1 / 12)
Vk 67 V
The knee point voltage selected is 250V.
Hence this condition is verified.
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 14 of32

For a Tap of 600A
Hence Vk 4 * 4.41 * (3+ 0.314 + 0.1 / 12)
Vk 60 V
for 300-600/1A. Imag shall be 60mA @ Vk/2
Differential Core Abstract:
4.2.3

CT Ratio (for 20MVA Transformer):
400-600/1A
Type of relay: REJ 525 (ABB make)
Lead burden = 0.314VA (As calculated in 4.2.2 above)
Total burden
resistance
= 0.1 + 0.314
= 0.414 VA
=1.25 x 0.414 = 0.5175VA
Hence a standard burden rating of 15 VA is chosen for a Tap of 400A Tap and a
burden of 30 VA is chosen for a Tap of 600A Tap.
Koalf
Iscc / Ipn
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 15 of32

For a Tap of 400A
Where,
Ipn
Iscc
Koalf
400A
31.5kA
Pn + Pi
Koalf
=
Knalf x
Pb + Pi
Where,
Knalf
20
Pn
Nominal CT burden
Pi
Internal CT burden
V*I
(I * Rct) * I
I2 * Rct
1.5 (As recommended by Manufacturer)
12 x 1.5
1.5 VA
Pr + PL
0.1 + 0.314
0.414 VA
Rct
Pb
= 15 VA
15 + 1.5
Koalf
20 x
0.414 + 1.5
=
Iscc / Ipn =
=
172.41
31500 / 400
78.75
Koalf > Iscc / Ipn

For a Tap of 600A
Where,
Ipn
Iscc
Koalf
600A
31.5kA
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 16 of32

Pn + Pi
Koalf
Knalf x
Pb + Pi
Where,
Knalf
20
Pn
Nominal CT burden
Pi
Internal CT burden
V*I
(I * Rct) * I
I2 * Rct
3 (As recommended by Manufacturer)
12 x 3
3 VA
Pr + PL
0.1 + 0.314
0.414 VA
Rct
Pb
= 30 VA
15 + 3
Koalf
20 x
0.414 + 3
=
Iscc / Ipn =
=
105
31500 / 600
53
Koalf > Iscc / Ipn

CT Ratio (for 15MVA Transformer)
300-600/1A
Total burden
resistance
= 0.1 + 0.314
= 0.414 VA
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
=1.25 x 0.414 = 0.5175VA

Page 17 of32

Hence a standard burden rating of 15 VA is chosen for a Tap of 400A Tap and a
burden of 30 VA is chosen for a Tap of 600A Tap.
Koalf
Iscc / Ipn
For a Tap of 300A

Where,
Ipn
Iscc
Koalf
300A
31.5kA
Pn + Pi
Koalf
=
Knalf x
Pb + Pi
Where,
Knalf
20
Pn
Nominal CT burden
Pi
Internal CT burden
V*I
(I * Rct) * I
I2 * Rct
1.5 (As recommended by Manufacturer)
12 x 1.5
1.5 VA
Pr + PL
0.1 + 0.314
0.414 VA
Rct
Pb
= 15 VA
15 + 1.5
Koalf
20 x
0.414 + 1.5
=
Iscc / Ipn =
=
172.41
31500 / 300
105
Koalf > Iscc / Ipn

Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 18 of32

For a Tap of 600A
Where,
Ipn
Iscc
Koalf
600A
31.5kA
Pn + Pi
Koalf
=
Knalf x
Pb + Pi
Where,
Knalf
20
Pn
Nominal CT burden
Pi
Internal CT burden
V*I
(I * Rct) * I
I2 * Rct
3 (As recommended by Manufacturer)
12 x 3
3 VA
Pr + PL
0.1 + 0.314
0.414 VA
Rct
Pb
= 30 VA
15 + 3
Koalf
20 x
0.414 + 3
=
Iscc / Ipn =
=
105
31500 / 600
53
Koalf > Iscc / Ipn

Therefore a CT of CL. 5P20,15VA is proposed for 400-600/1A and CL. 5P20,30VA is
proposed for 400-600/1A.
Therefore a CT of CL. 5P20,15VA is proposed for 300-600/1A and CL. 5P20,30VA is
proposed for 300-600/1A.
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 19 of32

4.2.4
CTs for Bus Bar Protection

A CT of 2000/1A, 5P20, 15VA is proposed as calculated in 4.1.3 above.
4.3
33kV Bus-section Feeder
4.3.1
CTs for Metering

CT Ratio:
2000/1A.
Type of Metering:
Burden of bay control unit
= 0.1 VA (Refer REF542 Plus catalogue)

between CT and BCU
Size of cable
= 5 meters

km at 20 deg C
= 2.5 sqmm
= 7.41(1+0.00393 (55-20) )
= 8.429 ohm/km
Total resistance
= 2 x 8.429 x 5 / 1000
= 0.08429 x 12
= 0.08429 VA
Total burden

resistance
= 0.1 + 0.08429
= 0.18429 VA

=1.25 x 0.18429 = 0.23 VA

The instrument security factor (ISF) selected is less than Five(5) as per the
Therefore a CT of 2000/1A, CL. 0.5FS5, 15VA is proposed.
Abstract:
Therefore a CT of CL. 0.5,15VA is proposed for 2000/1A .The CTs are with a factor of
safety less than or equal to 5.
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 20 of32

4.3.2

CT Ratio:
2000/1A
Total burden
resistance
= 0.1 + 0.314
= 0.414 VA
=1.25 x 0.414 = 0.5175 VA

Therefore a CT of 2000/1A, CL. 5P20, 15VA is proposed.
Koalf
Where,
Iscc / Ipn
Ipn
Iscc
Koalf
2000A
31.5kA
Pn + Pi
Koalf
Knalf x
Pb + Pi
Where,
Pn
Nominal CT burden
Knalf
20
Pi
Internal CT burden
V*I
(I * Rct) * I
I2 * Rct
9Ohm (As confirmed by the Manufacturer)
Rct
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
= 15 VA
Page 21 of32
Pb
12 x 9
9 VA
Pr + PL
0.1 + 0.314
0.414 VA
15 + 9
Koalf
20 x
0.414 + 9
=
Iscc / Ipn =
=
51
31500 / 2000
15.75
Koalf > Iscc / Ipn

Hence the selected CT with parameters 2000 / 1, 5P20, 15VA is adequate.
Abstract:
Therefore a CT of CL. 5P20, 15VA is proposed for 2000/1A.
4.3.3

4.4
33kV Over Head Line(OHL) Feeder
4.4.1
CTs for Metering

CT Ratio:
600-1200/1A.
Type of Metering:
Burden of bay control unit = 0.1 VA (Refer REF542 Plus catalogue)
The BCU is mounted on the 33kV switchgear.
between CT and BCU
Size of cable
= 5 meters

km at 20 deg C
= 2.5 sqmm
= 7.41(1+0.00393 (55-20) )
= 8.429 ohm/km
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 22 of32

Total resistance
= 2 x 8.429 x 5 / 1000

= 0.08429 x 12
Total burden
= 0.08429 VA
resistance
= 0.1 + 0.08429
= 0.18429 VA

=1.25 x 0.18429 = 0.23 VA

The instrument security factor (ISF) selected is less than Five (5) as per the
Abstract:
4.4.2
CTs for Distance Protection:

CT Ratio:
600-1200 / 1A.
Type of relay: REL 316*4 (ABB make)
= 31.5 kA
Since the distance relay of type REL 316*4 and transformer differential relay of type
RET 316*4 works on the same principle, the knee point voltage formulae used for
transformer differential relay is applicable for distance relay also.
Where If = fault current
N = Turns Ratio
For a Tap of 600A
Maximum fault current carrying capacity of 33 kV switchgear is 31.5 kA which can be
If = 31500 Amps
N = 1/600
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 23 of32

Rct = 3 (As per Manufacturers Recommendations)
The distance relay is mounted on 33kV relay panel which is located in control room.
Size of cable
= 30 meters
= 4 sqmm
= 4.61Ohms (Refer Ducab cable catalogue)
= 4.61(1+0.00393 (55-20)) = 5.244 ohm/km
Total resistance
= 2 x 5.244 x 30 / 1000
= 0.314 x 12
= 0.314 VA
VK = 31500* (1/600) * (3 + 0.314)
VK = 174V
Therefore a CT of 600-1200 /1A, CL. X, VK > 300V is proposed. The choice of using
the same shall be verified by the following recommendations:
Recommendations from Consultant/Client/Relay Manufacturers :
Further, the CT rated secondary voltage has to satisfy the following conditions:
Condition 1:
Faults close to the relay location
Vk If * (Isn / Ipn) * a* (Rct + Rl + Rr / Ir2)
Where,
If
Maximum primary fundamental frequency component
Rct
Rl
Lead resistance
Rr
Relay burden
Ir
Isn
Secondary Nominal CT current
Ipn
Primary Nominal CT current
Time constant for DC component
Kindly refer the Graph (Figure-1) Attached in Annexure 3 for the value of a.
For a 30ms DC Time constant, its value is 4.3 (for system frequency of 50
Hz).
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 24 of32

Hence Vk 31500 * (1/600) * 4.3 * (3+ 0.314 + 0.2 / 12)
Vk 793V
We shall proceed with the Condition2 recommendations to confirm the usage
of maximum of Condition 1 and Condition 2 knee point values, as the
Recommended values for CT.
Condition 2:
Faults at Zone 1 reach
Vk Ifzone1 * (Isn / Ipn) * k * (Rct + Rl + Rr / Ir2)
Where,
Ifzone-1 =
Rct
Rl
Lead resistance
Rr
Relay burden
Ir
Isn
Ipn
Kindly refer the Graph (Figure-2) Attached in Annexure 3 for the value of k.
Hz).
Since the fault is at the End of Zone 1.The impedance of the Transmission line
shall come in play, hence the Fault current shall be reduced to a very low
value. Hence assuming the fault current is 75% of the Rated fault current of
the switchgear (the actual fault current shall be much less than this value).
The recommendations from Relay manufacturers show that the value of fault
current is in the range of 15 20kA only for a Zone 1 fault in a 33kV system.
Hence
I Ifzone-1 = 0.75 x 31500 = 23.625kA
Assuming the same as 24kA for Calculations, we get
Vk 24000* (1/600) * 7.6 * (3+ 0.314 + 0.2 / 12)
Vk 1068V
Since the Value calculated in Condition 2 is Greater than the one proposed by ESI
Standard and as calculated for Condition 1,we propose the usage of the value of CT
as calculated through Condition 2 as the final Recommended Value.
For a Tap of 1200A
Vk as per ESI Recommendations is:
VK = 31500* (1/1200) * (6 + 0.314)
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 25 of32

VK = 165V
Rct = 6Ohm (Assumed)
Therefore a CT of 600-1200 /1A, CL. X, VK > 300V is proposed.
Condition 1:
Faults close to the relay location
Vk If * (Isn / Ipn) * a* (Rct + Rl + Rr / Ir2)
Where,
If
Rct
Rl
Lead resistance
Rr
Relay burden
Ir
Isn
Ipn
Kindly refer the Graph (Figure-1) Attached in Annexure 3 for the value of a.
Hz).
Hence Vk 31500 * (1/1200) * 4.3 * (6+ 0.314 + 0.2 / 12)
Vk 735V
We shall proceed with the Condition2 recommendations to confirm the usage
of maximum of Condition 1 and Condition 2 knee point values, as the
Recommended values for CT.
Condition 2:
Faults at Zone 1 reach
Vk Ifzone1 * (Isn / Ipn) * k * (Rct + Rl + Rr / Ir2)
Where,
Ifzone-1 =
Rct
Rl
Lead resistance
Rr
Relay burden
Ir
Isn
Ipn
Kindly refer the Graph (Figure-2) Attached in Annexure 3 for the value of k.
Hz).
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 26 of32

Since the fault is at the End of Zone 1.The impedance of the Transmission line
shall come in play, hence the Fault current shall be reduced to a very low
value. Hence assuming the fault current is 75% of the Rated fault current of
the switchgear (the actual fault current shall be much less than this value).
The recommendations from Relay manufacturers show that the value of fault
current is in the range of 15 20kA only for a Zone 1 fault in a 33kV system.
Hence
I Ifzone-1 = 0.75 x 31500 = 23.625kA
Assuming the same as 24kA for Calculations, we get
Vk 24000* (1/1200) * 7.6 * (6+ 0.314 + 0.2 / 12)
Vk 990V
Since the Value calculated in Condition 2 is Greater than the one proposed by ESI
Standard and as calculated for Condition 1,we propose the usage of the value of CT
as calculated through Condition 2 as the final Recommended Value.
Abstract
Therefore a CT of CL. X, Vk > 1068V is proposed for 600-1200/1A and CL. X, Vk >
990V is proposed for 600-1200/1A.
4.4.3

CT Ratio:
600-1200/1A
Type of relay: REJ 527 and SPAS348C3 ( ABB make)
Burden of relay
= 0.2VA(Refer relay catalogue)
Lead burden
Total burden
= 0.314VA (As calculated in 4.4.2 above)

resistance
= 0.2 + 0.314
= 0.514 VA

=1.25 x 0.514 = 0.6425VA
Hence a standard burden rating of 15 VA is chosen for a 600A Tap and a burden of
30VA is chosen for a Tap of 1200A.
For a Tap of 600A
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 27 of32

Koalf
Where,
Iscc / Ipn
Ipn
Iscc
Koalf
600A
31.5kA
Pn + Pi
Koalf
=
Knalf x
Pb + Pi
Where,
Pn
Nominal CT burden
Knalf
20
Pi
Internal CT burden
V*I
(I * Rct) * I
I2 * Rct
12 x 3
3 VA
Pr + PL
0.2 + 0.314
0.514 VA
Rct
Pb
= 15 VA
15 + 3
Koalf
20 x
0.514 + 3
=
Iscc / Ipn =
=
102.44
31500 / 600
52.5
Koalf > Iscc / Ipn

For a Tap of 1200A
Pn
Nominal CT burden
Knalf
20
Pi
Internal CT burden
V*I
(I * Rct) * I
I2 * Rct
6 Ohm (Assumed)
Rct
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
= 30 VA
Page 28 of32
Pb
12 x 6
6 VA
Pr + PL
0.2 + 0.314
0.514 VA
15 + 6
Koalf
20 x
0.514 + 6
=
Iscc / Ipn =
=
65
31500 / 1200
27
Koalf > Iscc / Ipn

Abstract:
4.4.4

4.4.5
CTs for Sensitive Earth Fault Protection:

CT Ratio:
Ratio is considered as 600-1200/1A
Type of relay: SPAJ 111C ( ABB make)
Total burden
resistance
= 0.1 + 0.314
= 0.414 VA
=1.25 x 0.414 = 0.5175 VA
Hence a standard burden rating of 15 VA is chosen for a Tap of 600A and 30VA is
chosen for a Tap of 1200A Tap.
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 29 of32

For a Tap of 600A
Koalf
Where,
Iscc / Ipn
Ipn
Iscc
Koalf
600A
31.5kA
Pn + Pi
Koalf
=
Knalf x
Pb + Pi
Where,
Knalf
=
20
Pn
Nominal CT burden
Pi
Internal CT burden
V*I
(I * Rct) * I
I2 * Rct
3Ohm (As confirmed by Manufacturer)
12 x 3
3 VA
Pr + PL
0.1 + 0.314
0.414 VA
Rct
Pb
= 15 VA
15 + 3
Koalf
20 x
0.414 + 3
=
Iscc / Ipn =
=
105.448
31500 / 600
52.5
Koalf > Iscc / Ipn

Hence the selected CT with parameters 600 - 1200 / 1, 5P20, 15VA is adequate.
For a Tap of 1200A
Pn
Nominal CT burden
Knalf
20
Pi
Internal CT burden
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
= 30 VA
Page 30 of32
Rct
Pb
V*I
(I * Rct) * I
I2 * Rct
12 x 6
6 VA
Pr + PL
0.1 + 0.314
0.414 VA
15 + 6
Koalf
20 x
0.414 + 6
=
Iscc / Ipn =
=
65
31500 / 1200
27
Koalf > Iscc / Ipn

Hence the selected CT with parameters 600 1200 / 1, 5P20, 30VA is adequate
Abstract:
5.0
VT SIZING CALCULATIONS
The VTs considered are as follows:
Line VT:
The devices connected on winding 1 of line VTs are BCU, synchronising devices and
Voltage Transducer.
The burden of the same are as given below:
BCU:
Voltage Transducers:
Synchronising devices:
Total
0.25VA
2VA max.
25VA
2VA Maximum Considered

29 VA max.
The devices connected on winding 2 of line VTs are various relays. The maximum
burden for the same is 10VA.
The devices connected on winding 3 of line VTs are Directional O/C relay.
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 31 of32

Directional O/C relay:
(Only for OHL lines)
0.2VA
2 VA Maximum Considered
Hence the VT considered for line is of following parameters:

33kV/3 / 110V /3 / 110V / 3 / 110V / 3
Winding 1
Winding 2
Winding 3
50VA , 0.5S
50VA , 3P
50VA , 3P
Bus VT
The devices connected on winding 1 of line VTs are BCU, synchronising devices and
Voltage Transducer.
BCU:
Voltage Transducers:
Synchronising devices:
0.25 VA
2 VA
25 VA

Total
29 VA max.
The devices connected on winding 2 of line VTs are various relays. The maximum
burden for the same is 10VA.
Hence to standardise the parameters of VT, following parameters are
considered.
33kV/3 / 110V /3 / 110V / 3 / 110V / 3
6.0
Winding 1
Winding 2
Winding 3
50VA , 0.5S
50VA , 3P
50VA , 3P
CONCLUSION
The CT/VT parameters recommended are as calculated above. The Manufacturer
has confirmed the values at the Principle/Usage Tap.
7.0
SUMMARY OF CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

The Summary of the Current transformers for all the sub-stations is given in Annexure 1.
8.0
SUMMARY OF VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

The Summary of the Voltage transformers for all the sub-stations is given in Annexure 2.
Doc-No:G1408-AA-2030-J-0-102
Rev A
Page 32 of32

33kv CT Calculations

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ABB Transmission & Distribution LTD.

Document Title : CT/VT calculations for 33kV Switchgear for

33kV Cable Feeder........................................................................................................... 3

Summary Of Current Transformers (Annexure 1)......32

Summary Of Voltage Transformers(Annexure 2) .......................................... 32

ABB Transmission & Distribution LTD.

Document Title : CT calculations for 33kV Switchgear for ADWEA

33kV Cable Feeder

CTs for Metering

Resistance of cable per

= 7.41 Ohms (Refer Ducab cable catalogue)

ABB Transmission & Distribution LTD.

Considering 25% future margin

=1.25 x 0.18429 = 0.23 VA

Hence a standard burden rating of minimum 15 VA is chosen.

CTs for Pilot Wire Protection:

CTs for Bus Bar Protection:

= 4.61 Ohms (Refer Ducab cable catalogue)

ABB Transmission & Distribution LTD.

Considering 25% future margin

=1.25 x 0.614 = 0.5175 VA

Hence a standard burden rating of 15 VA is chosen.

CT primary nominal current

max. symmetrical short circuit current=

Operating accuracy limiting factor

9 Ohm (as per manufacturers recommendations)

Total connected burden

ABB Transmission & Distribution LTD.

Koalf > Iscc / Ipn

: Rated primary CT Current

CTs for Overcurrent & Earth Fault Protection:

ABB Transmission & Distribution LTD.

= 0.1VA(Refer relay catalogue)

= 0.314VA (As calculated in 4.1.3 above)

Considering 25% future margin

=1.25 x 0.414 = 0.5175VA

CT primary nominal current

max. symmetrical short circuit current =

Operating accuracy limiting factor

3 Ohm (as per manufacturers recommendations)

Total connected burden

ABB Transmission & Distribution LTD.

Koalf > Iscc / Ipn

Total connected burden

Koalf > Iscc / Ipn

33/11.55kV, 15MVA & 20MVA Transformer Feeder

CTs for Metering

ABB Transmission & Distribution LTD.

Resistance of cable per

= 7.41 Ohms (Refer Ducab cable catalogue)

Considering 25% future margin

=1.25 x 0.18429 = 0.23 VA

Hence a standard burden rating of minimum 15 VA is chosen.

ABB Transmission & Distribution LTD.

CTs for Differential Protection:

= 4.61 Ohms (Refer Ducab cable catalogue)

ABB Transmission & Distribution LTD.

Main CT secondary current corresponding to rated primary

Nominal relay current

Maximum secondary side through fault current

ABB Transmission & Distribution LTD.

Nominal relay current