Matenal Hardness Testing © Become familiar with basic Rockwell hardness test machine. © Become familiar with basic metal heat treatment effects. Material and Equipment: © Rockwell hardness test machine STT * Two pieces of metal bar: one piece innealed and one piece heat treated and quenched Safety: ‘© Safety Glasses with side shields are jab period. © Pay attention and follow the lab ins Procedure 1) Obtain two test specimens from your lab instructor. On your data sheet, record the appropriate n terial data for each specimen. 2) Measure and record the thickness of each specimen and the ide: fication. 3) Use the diamond cone with the Rockwell hardness tester 4) Pull the Load Release lever toward the front (counterclockwise) 5) Place the sample flat on the anvil positioned so that no indent is under the penetrator. 6) Raise the specimen slowly into contact with the penetrator by turning the capstan handwhee! clockwise. Continue motion until the small pointer is near the upper dot Continue very slowly until the long pointer is in a vertical position, 7) Tum the dial gage until the “set” line is directly behind the long pointer. 8) Push the Load Release lever away from you (clockwise) 9) When the long pointer comes to rest, read the Rockwell number from the dial scale C. 10) Remove the load by pulling the Load Release lever toward you. 11) Remove the minor load by turning the capstan handwhee! counter-clockwise to lower the " elevator serew and specimen so they clear the penetrator. 12) Remove the specimen. Place second specimen on anvil and repeat steps 6 through 11 oe cape: gu aeMaterial Hardness Testing AISI A2 Cold Work Tool Steel NanetialDescrintion: AISI 2 isan air-o ol hardening chromiummalypdenum-vanadium alloyed tool Notes: steei characterized by AISI A2 is characterized by: Good machinability High stability after hardening High compressive strength Good hardenabilty Good wear resistance Aaplications: AIS! A2 takes a place in the tool steel range between AISI 01 and AISI D2, Freaeg an excellent combination of good wear resistance and toughness, it may be regarded etelore, 28 a "universal" cold work steel, For cutting operations ine good toughness af Alot £2 gives excellent resistance to chipping ofthe cutting edge. In many cases tools wade ftorn Bis Stee! Nave given better tooling economy than high-carbon, high-chromium steele ofthe DSIW.-Nr. 2080 type. AISI A2 has much better machining and grinding properties Physical Motrie English Comments Properties Density 77E gee ORS Tein hardened to 62 ARG i 781 glee 0.275 ine hardened to 62 HRC GTemerstre 399°C G@renparsune 90 787 glee 0.277 iin hardened to 62 HRC @emperaie 181° @Temporture 36 Mechanical Metric English Comments Properties Hardness, 215 218 ‘Soft annealed Brinel Modulus of 190Pa 27500 ksi (hardened to 62 HRC) Elasticity 170 GPa 24600 ksi hardened to 62 HRC QTempersure 208°C Tempore 50° 185.CPe 28900 kei hardened to 62 HRC Grempwatue 191°C @Tempensoe ne Compressive 4350 MPa “96000 psi 0.2%, hardened to 50 HRC Yield Strength 1800 MPa 281000 psi 0.2%, hardened to 65 HRC 2180 MPa 312000 psi 0.2%, hardened to 60 HRO 2200 MPa 319000 psi 0.2%, hardened to 62 HRC Thermal Metric English Comments Properties ‘CTE, linear 6.50 pmim-C 3.64 pinlin--F hardened to 62 HRC Temperature 29.0" 200°C @Temeratin 610" 950 Specific Heat 0.480 Jig O10 BTU ned t 62 Sapecity @renpentse 250°C @tempeaureaea e eeeMaterial Hardness Testing Thermal | 26.0Wim-K 180 BTU-in/hr-ft2-°F hardened to 62 HRC Conductivity @Temperature 20.0°C @Temperature 68.0 °F. 27.0Wim-K 187 BTU-in/hr-f-°F hardened to 62 HRC @Temperature 191°C @Temperature 375 °F 28.5 Wim-K 198 BTU-in/hr-ft?-°F hardened to 62 HRC @Temperature 399 °C @Temperature 750 °F Component Metric English Comments Elements Properties Carbon, C 1.0% 1.0% Chromium, Cr 5.3 % 5.3% Manganese, 0.60 % 0.60 % Mn Molybdenum, 1.1% 1.1% Mo Silicon, Si 0.30 % 0.30 % Vanadium, V 0.20 % 0.20 % ‘Some of the values displayed above may have been converted from their original units andlor rounded in order to display the information in a Consistent format. Users requiring more precise data for scientific or engineering calculations can click on the property value to see the original value as well as raw conversions to equivalent units, We advise that you only use the original value or one ofits raw conversions in your calculations to minimize rounding error. We also ask that you refer to MatWeb's terms of use regarding this information. Click here to view all the property values for this datasheet as they were originally entered into MaiWeb.Material Hardness Testing Rockwell Hardness Test The Rockwell hardness test method consists of indenting the test material with a diamond cone or hardened steel ball indenter. The indenter is forced into the test material under a preliminary minor load FO (Fig. 1A) usually 10 kgf. When equilibrium has been reached, an indicating device, which follows the movements of the indenter and so responds to changes in depth of penetration of the indenter is set to a datum position. While the preliminary minor load is still applied an additional major load is applied with resulting increase in penetration (Fig. 1B). When equilibrium has again been reach, the additional major load is removed but the preliminary minor load is still maintained. Removal of the additional major load allows a partial recovery, SO reducing the depth of penetration (Fig. 1C). The permanent increase in depth of penetration, resulting from the application and removal of the additional major load is used to calculate the Rockwell hardness number. HR=E-e FO = preliminary minor load in kgf F1 = additional major load in kgf F = total load in kgf e = permanent increase in depth of penetration due to major load F1 measured in units of 0.002 mm E =a constant depending on form of indenter: 100 units for diamond indenter, 130 units for steel ball indenter HR = Rockwell hardness number D = diameter of steel ball'Scale’ Indenter ‘A Diamond cone [Bp 1/16" steel ball C (Diamond cone | D_ ‘Diamond cone ["E /1/8" steel ball [Foal | G (1/16" steel ball | H | 1/8" steel ball [K 11/8" steel ball [L114 steel ball [M | 1/4" steel ball | P 1/4” steel ball 1/2" steel ball steel ball 1/2" steel ball 1/2" steel ball FO kgf 10 10 10 10 10 “10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Rockwell Hardness Scales : Minor Load Maj kgf 50 140 90 jor Load Total FI 90” 7 150 100 100 100 150 60 100 | 150 | Load ‘Value of | Typical Application of Rockwell Hardness Scales Cemented carbides, thin steel and shallow case hardened steel Copper alloys, soft steels, aluminium alloys, malleable irons, ete. Steel, hard cast irons, case hardened steel and other materials harder than 100 HRB Thin steel and medium case hardened steel and pearlitic malleable iron Cast iron, aluminium and magnesium alloys, bearing metals zine, lead .. Annealed copper alloys, thin soft sheet metals - Phosphor bronze, beryllium copper, malleable irons HRH . Soft bearing metals, plastics and other very soft materials - Aluminium,Material Hardness Testing Fleer HRR. . HRS. . HRV.... wee ew Advantages of the Rockwell hardness method include the direct Rockwell hardness number readout and rapid testing time. Disadvantages include many arbitrary non- related scales and possible effects from the specimen support anvil (try putting a cigarette paper under a test block and take note of the effect on the hardness reading! Vickers and Brinell methods don't suffer from this effect).