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  • Nervoussystemlabreporttimothydent

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    Action potentials in a neuron, where the first part of the axon is triggered by a stimulus and responds in transmitting millivolts and the cell membrane, rise and fall at a constant pace (all or nothing) toxins effects on action potentials, and cranial nerve and reflex action potential will be discussed.

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    Action potentials in a neuron, where the first part of the axon is triggered by a stimulus and responds in transmitting millivolts and the cell membrane, rise and fall at a constant pace (all or nothing) toxins effects on action potentials, and cranial nerve and reflex action potential will be discussed.

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    12 vues5 pages

    Nervoussystemlabreporttimothydent

    Transféré par

    api-296589765
    Action potentials in a neuron, where the first part of the axon is triggered by a stimulus and responds in transmitting millivolts and the cell membrane, rise and fall at a constant pace (all or nothing) toxins effects on action potentials, and cranial nerve and reflex action potential will be discussed.

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 5

    TimothyDent

    NervousSystemLabReport

    Thislabreportwillincludeactionpotentialsalsoknownasimpulses,toxinseffectson
    actionpotentials,andcranialnerveandreflexactionpotential.Actionpotentialsinamultipolar
    neuron,wherethefirstpartoftheaxonistriggeredbyastimulusandrespondsintransmitting
    millivoltsandthecellmembrane,riseandfallataconstantpace(allornothing).Depolarization
    isthereductionofamembranesrestingpotentialsothatthemembranebecomesless
    negative.Repolarizationisthestateintheactionpotentialprocessthatreturnsmembrane
    potentialbacktoitsnegativevoltageafterthedepolarizationprocesshasoccurredby
    selectivelyopeningandclosingofthepotassiumchannelsonthecellmembrane.Theperiod
    whenaxonscantbestimulatedtogenerateanewactionpotentialiscalledtherefractoryperiod
    whichlimitsimpulsestoanaverageof100persecond.Thefollowingfigureswilladdress
    nervoussystemactionpotentialsstudies.

    Figure1:Thegraphdemonstratesanormalactionpotentialaction

    ActionPotentialToxins

    Toxins

    EffectsonActionPotentials

    Maculotoxin

    Blockssodiumchannels

    Latrotoxin

    Enhancesacetylcholinerelease

    aBungarotoxin

    Blocksacetylcholine[nicotinic]receptor

    Tetrodotoxin

    BlocksSodiumChannels

    Apamin

    Blockspotassiumchannels

    Charybdotoxin

    Blockspotassiumreceptors

    Conotoxin

    Onetypeblocksvoltagesensitivecalcium
    channelsoneblocksvoltagesensitive
    sodiumchannelsoneblocksAChreceptors

    Figure2:

    CranialNervesandtheirFunctions

    Nerve

    Function

    Olfactory

    Sensoryfibersconductimpulsesassociatedwiththesenseof
    vision.

    II

    Optic

    Sensoryfibersconductimpulsesassociatedwiththesenseof
    vision.

    III

    Oculomotor

    Motorfibersconductimpulsestomusclesthatraisetheeyelids,
    movetheeyes,adjusttheamountoflightenteringtheeyes,and
    focusthelenses.

    IV

    Trochlear

    Motorfibersconductimpulsestomusclesthatmovetheeyes.

    Trigeminal

    Sensoryfibersconductimpulsesfromthesurfaceoftheeyes,
    tearglands,scalp,forehead,anduppereyelids.

    VI

    Abducens

    Motorfibersconductimpulsestomusclesthatmovetheeyes.

    VII

    Facial

    Sensoryfibersconductimpulsesassociatedwithtastereceptors
    oftheanteriortongue.

    VIII Vestibulocochlear

    Sensoryfibersconductimpulsesassociatedwiththesenseof
    equilibrium.

    IX

    Glossopharyngeal

    Sensoryfibersconductimpulsesfromthepharynx,tonsils,
    posteriortongue,andcarotidarteries.

    Vagus

    Sensoryfibersconductimpulsesfromthepharynx,larynx,
    esophagus,andvisceraofthethoraxandabdomen.

    XI

    Accessory

    Motorfibersconductimpulsestomusclesofthesoftpalate,
    pharynx,andlarynx.

    XII

    Hypoglossal

    Motorfibersconductimpulsestomusclesthatmovethetongue
    someproprioceptorinput.

    Figure3:Whatthenervesareandhowtheyfunctions.

    + =Veryweakreaction
    ++=Weakreaction
    +++=Strongreaction

    Test

    Results

    Biceps

    Triceps

    +++

    Brachioradialis

    +++

    Hoffmanns

    Normal

    Patellar

    +++

    Achilles

    +++

    Babinski

    Normal

    CrossedExtensor

    Normal

    Glabellar

    Normal

    Figure4:Inthefigureabove,variousreactiontestswereperformedandrecordedtoshowhow
    theparticipantsreceptorneuronswerefunctioning.

    Figure5:Demonstrationofthebicepsreflextest.

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