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32

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34

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35

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36

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<T jTT>+ s+>#s #d #|+#sT. y< d++<y T q n+X
q b+& + q+<Te\H s+>#s nqTy<\T |d~ b+<sTT.
jTTes+ d + nqTy< d+|{* u <+> |~\|sT #T+~.
y sejTD m+ >=|> s+>#s nqTe~+#sT.
s#q L& s+>#s e#q s#H |u <s D+ |&T +~.
1950\ qT+& \+>D |]dT\+{ s+>#s +>
>eTd e#sT. C+ es bs+ bZq|{ nq+s \+
@H& sj \ | d #|+#< T . sjT s+>+ eq nqV
esT +<T sDeT Jeqjq+ #T+~. nuT<jT,
usrjT dHq s +{ n_e+q $\D
e s+>#s.
deTq deC, qT #|q |]d T * |]|Ps \<w
ns <+ #dq s+>#s nH s\bT \T>T s#s TT\ >=| <s +>
\TksT.

- >TeTq>] u\lydeT]

<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

41

eTq \| eTVeTw
ns y#d <Xs~ s+>#s J$+ _q ys T <\ \jT+.
s , <D <T y +& n+X\T jTq {> *d |s+ #ksTT.
jTqqT #d, C+ qyT e s +> kq bsT Tb |{ bs&s,
jTq qT~{| |+# sTHe\T #d jTH= e]dT n mes
nqTsT. , jTq $|e X |r. jTq J$yT <eT+. @B #dH
<eT+> #ksT . s+>#s e]C m+> |$Tks, d+|<j n+>
w| & sT.
\T>T kV yTq +{ qe\\T n+~+q s+>#s,
n< # sejTD, us, u>e, y<\T, |wT\T \T>T C
n+~+#sT. _q+ @ + nH usrjT << \TyT <s q+>
*q <Xs~ s+>#s k+ deTs j<T &>, ns V> |\
V<j |s+ ydT HsT.
eTdT j<T &T #+&sCX sse # +<> > |X+ d+#&q
<Xs~ s+>#s 1928 >dT 24q es+> q>&sT +#sT.
$ ||+ #+ \|wT q <Xs~ we #s M] n>E&T. s+>#s
dHq d+|<jT T+ yesD+ |]>sT. sT \ & |& yT\
|&b + nq+ #+<d+ . eT& T +f d+d <$& e{&*.
\T>T e{& L&<T . d s | \T>T +&<T . +{, jT{
\T>T| n+ q#|, s<sD H, <Xs~ k<sT \T <] \T>T
uw| mq eTeTs+. s+>#s e#q s#q qT #|{ , \, d+|<jT
kV dw nsk < yTq ksTT #sT HsT.
42

<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

|e |>H |]eT[dT+~ nH HqT& s+>#s J$+

eTsTT+~. kj $X$<\jT+ eq e+<es <eT+, C+
s+ s b+\ b+ ~. n|&T s+>#s bsX \ bsq deTjT+
e+<es+ #~$ b<jTT\ # <\T H&T. ss>
+&> C+ qyT $~+q jTbs+ #T{| <T\T >+B {|
|T +{eT d $<sT\ # dyT #sTT+ $jT+ k~+#sT. ,
bsX \ qT+ VwsD >Tsj &T. <+ jTq #<T e ss>
bsTT+~. \+ n+<]> s+>#sqT L& yeT| ueC\+
]++~. >e ]|\qT +<e TVdu #]+#sT.
|\\ bs\T #bsT. ejqT\ s bsX \\T q&bsT.
V osqY T m~]+ >eT+ | #sT. \+H e]dT kV
$|+> #~ysT. \+>D s +> bs+ kjTT< s| rdT
< eTe&+, s+>#s L& n+&sY >+& y[b jsT. Tb |\&+
D rdTH sT. 1948 d|+ sY 16q bdt j H s O<eT+ qT+
jT e#sT. k++ s |\qT |&+ q <=s, K<s T , >+B
{| <]+ sjT HjT\T> nesyTsT. s+>#s y] eT<
eT&bjsT. djT+w #<Te 1951 b< jT e
|y +#sT. s 1957 d+ <u< eTTd| s=swH #ssT.
s+>#s sYk$T +<Te. |> <] bs H|<+,
kV_w +~. <+ <] eT< eT+ +<+ @s&+~. sYk$T
e~* y[q <e mes \ T <T . e] s+>#s q<q |<
\+>D |\ JeD D d+ qe s#q |PqTHsT. |D[
d<+ #dT H sT. qe s#q d++~+ |d \T n< jTq+ #XsT.
yTT<{ qe\ \s <e (1969)y\Te]+#sT. \+>D >T]+ \+>D
e+&*+ sdq qe\ e&+ $Xw <sD b+~+~. yTT<{ qe\
+< kV n&MT VQeT b+<sT s+>#s.
\s< e 1974 #\q+> e+~. \s< e 1938
|Ps| \+>D |\ JeH d, \+>D kjTT< bs+ 1942<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

43

48 y<T>T|P\T (1971) e]dT + ~. s+>#s sV+q bs

DyT y<T>T|P\T qe\ e+. qe\qT #~ y, s+>#sqT
+<> > n_e]+#sT #+&sCX sse. k++ s s +&T <Xu\
dTBs q|<+ (1976) +#sT. q>s deTd\ e+
ej\sT (1971) sXsT. <X+ keTy< k|q sT>TT+<q X\qT,
Xj \qT sqTq~ @~ + (1971)qe\ +#sT.eqe (1980)
qe\ eT\T y\dbjT s+>T\T, eqe s+s+ * +& |T q nH
d+<X+ ksT .
uVDT, <[T eT< dV *+, eqe+
<e n <>sZ Xs \ + (1980) qe\ s|+#sT. k++ s
L& k+| y\T>T\T |d] +# >e\T m <|& >Tsj j,
<|& |\ $c< J$ \T, {#s e T qT+ # q + b+~ >eTdT\ T
s> & $jT+ k~+#&+ be qe\ dT+ ~. 1977 sdq qe\
2000 |d + > e+~. M{ s s+>#s <w d+|<jT kV+|
|&+ ~.
us+ , y<\T, |wT \ T nqTe~+q s eT qe s#q
|$T+#sT. ||+ NsD , b]XMTsD |u e+ eTsD+ y| |jT dTq
|\qT neT+ y| |jT +|C d neT+ >eTjT(2004) qe\qT sXsT.
+<T usrjT , < >=|<q+, +>j
T T \T < < +d+ #dq
$<q+, us d+|<j s+#Ty*q neds+ ~s $wj\T
+#sT.
s+>#s yTT+ 9 qe\\T sXsT. M{ \s< e , y<T>T|P\T,
q|<+ qe\\T |j& qe\\T e&+ qe\ eTT+ | eTs qe\
bs+u+ neT+~. $wjT y<q k<sD uwH y&H, b\T y]y]
k+|T H|< { e{& uw ys sT> +T+~.
+&&+e\ qe\ # dV+> k>TT+~. d+|Tq\T,
d+uwD\T V<j VT +{sTT.s+>#s nq>H qe s#H >Ts=dT + ~.
qe\\ +f eTT+<, eTT| eT& ejTdTH jTq oeT<ejTDeTT
44

<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

(1962) s+#sT. \eT+ y sejTD+ #T#dT q ny\T

+& n#+> y byTq sejD \T>Ty] e#q+
n+~+#sT.
s+>#s n+ qejTdTH sejTD n< jTq+ #dq rsTqT,
sdq $<H $XH< d HsjTD, #s ~ys y+e< e+{
<+ &T\T =j&sT.sejTD+ n& & sdq s+>#s $eTsH
n_bj\T #<T esT\qT +|#k sTT. n|]$TyT q CH n+~ksTT.
sejTD+ s oeT<>e+(1969)sXsT. s#q ydT
nqTd]+H, bq |<\ sT bs \ #|+#sT. d#]+(1978)|s
eTsk] sejTD sXsT. 1994 V]e+X dV eTVuse TT s+#sT.
sejTD, us, u>e\T sdq s usrjT d+|<jT kV+
VeTe<TqyTq H\T>T y<\ qT m+ X$T+ \T>T e#q+
n+~+#sT.
s+>#s |\ y<+ nH H<+ y< <e bs+_+,
$jTe++> |P]#X sT. y<$wsDe+ d , <[ jTTe&
y< |T \T n+~+#sT. y<\ s eTTKyTq |~ |wT \ T, TT><
X+UjTq uVDeTT, TT>< sj
T uVDeTT, y<+ JeqH<+ |]#jT +,
y<+ JeqH<+ TT>< |]#jT +, eqd sTb y, qT <]+q <X+
j d \ $Xc\ j Jeq+ s+#sT.
jTq sdqe <+Z <. nsTT, s+>#s < #| e~jT <T .
kV+ qq |]Cq+, ||+ # Cq+ < d++~+ |Ps|s\T,
eT+ #&T \T #]+#sT. $<H oeT<ejTDeTT bs+_+#sT.
s L& $<H ne\+_+# sT. nsTT s s#q q
n_bj\ #HeTeTTnH |sT |{sT . jTq yK neT bjTyTq
#q\T *dT+ ~. bqT = yT$+ #|T+ ~. usrjT q T
m ns+ #dT y $e]dT+ ~. bNq kVeT+ |{ |sD\T e
, eqeC q ~X> rdT=bjT neT+ n+<T +<
s|dT + ~.
<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

45

s+>#s J$, nqTy<\ $&BjT +<+ +~. jTq

qq+H y] +& sV+q <Xs~ |d+ <$& >+<\T
nqTe~+#sT. s \+ jT q kVr J$+ nqTy<+H bs+u+
nsTT+~. 1940 eq sT e s d >T]+ |U usrjT
+> s#s TT uy u{ #s sdq qe\ 'He who rides A Tiger' qT <e
|]|sT \T>T nqTe~+#sT. B e{ sYk$T <X<s
>+<e T+&* s| q |#T ]+#sT.
s+>#s =*H |\\d+ 1960-63 eT< $yq+<T&T,
eTVT&T, [<dT nH eT&T H\T s+#sT.1974 oy+fX s\\T
s+#&T. 1962 usY | #H <&#d q |&T, \T>T y\Te&q $\qT
sDu] |s d+\q+ #XsT.s+>#s s#q | +> |s=qe\dq eTs=
s#q Jeqjq+. n~ s+>#s J$ <. Jeqjq+ s+>#s q
J$+bT, @&T <Xu\ \T>TC J$ +#sT.Jeq~ |yV+
k> jTq s#q n+ eTVT +T+~.

- $. jT| wt
zjT dsY k\sY

46

<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

J$ H]+~ eTdT <eT+

qqT e\T> |u$+ #dq <+f <e\T me>
|u $+ #XsTT. HqT <eTJ$. eTTK+> eTdT <eT+ J$
H]+~. eTw #d+ ~. de+ Tq~. T de+ q~ n
#|+~. { de+ d+ @<H #j * n H]+~. $<+ > HH e>
|u $eTsTT+~ de |]De\ n+Tq <Xs~ s+>#s eTHuy\
|s+ |s ~...

HC + es bssE\ >T]+...?
e nqjT n<wy T $T+f sCsT, >=&e\T, >+<s> \T
]>eTT+<T jTq C\ T y[bsTTH&T. C\ T y[bsTT |<\T sX&T.
n~ keqeTsTTq | <T. m+<T+f @ s+ eH& n& C\ T
Ls=
z CeTT |X#e,
qs&T qT u*q sE e q&,
r>\qT <+| n ~+|He,
H \+>D { sH \ MD
C\ T +& CeTTqT z CeTT |X#e nq>\ <s +,
kVd+ me]+&*? nsTT Tb e b* |&sTT.
<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

47

H +<T J$+ m+ >=|~ ndT+ ~, <e&T <T. n+&sY >+& J$+

y |&T, e neTq~ @$Ts eTeT~* by n. n|&T HqHqT
ne qTe e <T>T] eyT *$ . { eT+~ \+>D qqT |\TdTq ~.
$wjT + #TTHqT. nqjT C u <+. HqT bjT~ eTTes+Z .
HqT eT[ ]>=kq nqT. @ |< qsTTH =&T $T>T\T&T
n #| y[bj. * m+ @&T+T+~ b|+! <s T =&T\T y[bjsT.
|d| \ \ T eTT>TsZ &|\ \ T. y bwD u< ... eT e nqjT |
Hq #XqT.
n~ 47 &d+sY. us< X k++ e#d+~. s e#qT.
m+<T=#es n+~ neT. ne #&\|++~ nHqT. &sTTH
## <... n&sTTH ## <. #d #<eT n HqH. b|+ yT @&+~.
s |H +&T >+\ ds sY nH yT<sY e#&T s+>#sT\T ku V
n+... | +#Te+ H \TdT. +& b neT d+>,
|\\ d+>. V n+ e#qT. e neT bs{\T #d+~. |]De\T
\TdT. s+>& eT m|&=de s nq~. ne, u> e +T&T # >=|y&T.
J$s# q m{+{< *jT<T eTq nH.
{ bT+f nsT>T MT< ;& | &T LsTH&T. y& |sT
|Pk\ HsjTD. y&T >Tq&T. s+>#] mT uTHe nH&T y&T.
nu ; # nH&T yT<sY. bs$ T sE. >& dsHsjTD
nH y&T |*Vs rdT=dTH &T, +{ e y <eT.
ns s+>q m|&=qy? M&e&T nH&T yT<sY #d.
M&e&T u, yT<sY V u. ; # n y& rdTH&T.
neTs & nH sy&T +{ |&T +<eT edTH &T. y& #d
; u nH&T.
48

<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

J$+ m e+T+<+f n& o+ n d|]+f+&+{ |t bdt

Tb |T qqT #+|{ LsTH&T. yH \. bs$ T. M+ <]
#X nu s >Tf yT ~eU V s nH& yT<sT.
n y u, >+ L j... n+f
yT<sT ku eTk V jT ku nH&T.
o+ q # s $]> < qqT ={&T . s $]
y # qqT e~d bj&T. HH&e<T. M+<] rdTbsTT
d& bssTT n M (ds sY y& |sT) |+|+#&T.
n&$T{, d& C> <T . n+<sT eTqy. yT&. ns
@+s qTy+<T=qe n n&>& + yTT<\T|{sT . u s ku, ku
CH #Y>j
n+{& ds sY (yT<sT)
eTeT* rdTbsTT ]sT\ s+ yXsT. @$T{ *jT
H<+ sE. | |T+< me] <>Zsq n n&>. q<q&T
neTs &. rd+&T. m+<Tq&T. ]sT\ T >\ u& nH. @< | #j *
><. y y+H e<T HjTH |\\ T >\ y+. qTe n+ | #de .
<D+ |&+. e<T e<T nHsT. @eTsTT~, b bqyT (bDyT) <
n+{HqT. n~ XseT|dT + ~.

s J$+...
H |[ HqT dyT #sTT+#e TT+< nsTT+~. 39 |sTTq|&T
eT\ @& . H |H +& . u\ $yV<+ {sT. yTeTT e+
ueH+. >sd J$yT T |d T . n< eT dTK<T:K j>: nHsT
yT c Hq, H c yT b\T|+#TH+.
MT]+ VsTT> m e+{sT n mes n&>sT eT\, yT
f #| +~ HqT #| +~ jTq $+{sT. jTq #| +~ HqT $+{qT
n. H k<sD+> b\T, >b\T se+... sT#T\T >T#T\T H *jTe.
$& e+&|{+ ~ HqT +{. 48 s jT{ ed HC + qyT es&T
<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

49

| , $T*qyM es< T . { eTq+ sj be<T n e nqjT,

HqT <& XjT+ #dT H+. e nqjT n<wy T $T+f jTq|{
yT{ wH bdsTT H&T. H @MT <T . n|&T |e T rdT=, >T&B |+
+< L#= #~$ +< yT{ wH | #. d | bdj yTT.
nB >=| $wjT yT. s s +&T <>qsTT. { s yq Hds .Y
+{ {#s T . n+<s s yq Hds Y <>+ rdT, <]<+ H
nqTu$+#sT + bT+~ nHsT. Hy >&TjT{ y\ +~.
{#s s TT >&TjT{ e{ <T sE. n+<T |y
T>
_.@. #qT. n~ 56. 57 eTT| sswH {HsY y\
| q e+~. & (V <su< ) e#qT. d\s TT bjqT. d+ <u<
+^w,t V <u< s. 1957 qT+ & HqT.

nqTy<\ >T]+...
nqTy<\+f ey CH n< qe\ nqTy<+ #XqT. MTs
sTk s+q >=| qe\ ~. @ s #sY ~ #TssY < , bdt yT
+u du k, k. n+f # *esTTq #sT&T >T+& mT
bsTTH&T, | H |&T Hs+<s @+ u+ . yTT<T y<e \T n. s
$ # nqTy<\T #XqT. <+us Y eTd< K& sBY sTe VssY
ysH, ~ eV |sH b|< . eTsY us Y yT qeJ H d n+{&T .
s s <y\jT+ {+ H&T u , yX+ . eTqdT n< b&e~.
J$++ u & T <T .
uH q bMD+ $+ # >=|~. >=| eqe+
*q eTw. uH $+, <\ T mH nqTy<+ #XqT. s
b&Ty{ y\T sdT+ ~. + >=|<q+ $& @$T+f y{ s
<\T n+{ M<T. n$ \T>T <. \T>T J$+ #TT+<$&.
V <su< $&. k~]+> #TT+~.
50

<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

MT qe\\ >T]+...
H uj
T yT$T+f e# s\ y CeTT # >=|y&T n+{syq.
m+<T+f. kj Vd {&T , V sT _*+> {&T nH <X + .
eTT+< T \ s < e sj T + y T T< \ T |{ q T. \ s < e #
| u y e TsTTq qe\. = < < @sT # d + ~. n~
$jTe+eTsTT+~ { d]bsTT+~. b e y+ eT{bd
y.
q|<+ # $X\eTsTTq $d eTsTTq qe\. yTT+ deC
yT k|> #|q qe\. y| bdT jH nsTTbsTT yTeTT
|+#dq ueTT\q+{ <=s\T CjT&+ yTT<\eT+~ qe\. m
<eqsTT. <e\ |s m+ yd+ ]+~, sj\T m+
uw |&T THsTT nH $wj \qT # $es+> #| qe\. \+>D
<T, yTT+ us< X #+~q qe\ n~...#] + #| &yT H
qe\ <X + . d #| &+ ]+~, ]+~ #| &+ | yK #jT +
<T.

s#q \ >T]+...
e nqjT, HqT <s + $+ sX+. The more feudal is the
society, The more respect to the poetry n+{&T s. HqT y\ e#q
s#s TTqjqT. m+<T+f qe\ | eTsB J$ ]|C+ { #jT <T
{. yT$T<s + nqTq<$T+f HjTq qTe e#q+ sjTT<T, HqT bjT{
sjTT<T n. e nqjT e#q+ sX&T. HqT |< + sjT.
1962 HqT sejTD+ sXqT. H { $XH<+ >sT, \
d HsjTD >sT, Bb\ |# jTXd >] e+{ |<\ deT+ $wsD
]+~. $XH< dHsjTD >sT dHq+ #X&T. jTqL, HL
<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

51

sejTD+ <<+ & e+~. jTq seTT&T <e&T n+{&T. HqT

seTT&T eTw n+{qT. e <] |Hk\T ]bsTTHsTT. <
n+eTT. e qse[q eT qsT&y jTT>\sTTq qqT edy&e
C|\. eTT qT <e& T> #&<T. H<T >T+&H <
eqy>T>. <XsB sTD|j~. ~ H |<+. n|&T $XH<
d HsjTD` <Xs~ s+>#s HqT <q @u$ +#qT, seTT
sT D {\H y sejTD+ sX& $Xd+# y] Hq & .
y e\H seTT&T y&T nH y&T <Xs~ s+>#sT\T. nsTTH
<Xs~ s+>#sT\T e sejTD+ n< jTq+ #jT &+ neds+ nH&T.

| u $+ #dq s#s TT\T

qqT e\ T> |u $+ #dq <+f <e\T me> |u $+
#XsTT. HqT <eTJ$. eTTK+> eTdT <eT+ J$ H]+~.
eTw #d+ ~. de+ Tq~. T de+ q~ n #|+~.
{ de+ d+ @<H #j* n H]+~. $<+> HHe>
|u $eTsTT+~ de |]De\. #dTq <w +. qqT |u $+
#dq s#s TT yTT< >. n<< j<+ > sejTD+ #<y *
e+~. y sejTD+ #<e >H H se TsTT+<$T+f y, >
# d++<e TTq<. nqT J$+ m+ q>+> s X+> +< #|&T.
HqT sXqT ` y seTT& <e+ |+#+& +&{ m+
|jT + #j n+ |jT + #X& n. |+ b k<sD e
m @&& nqT n> @&&T. nC |e]+#&T. y, >
k] ne+q|&T de+ nse TsTTq y&, eTw nse TsTTqy&,
J$+ nseTsTTqy& n+<s fHy n n++~. +> HqT
y |$T+H, u D nsTTH, > e<T\TqT. > MT< +|PyyT +{
52

<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

y nqT+{qT. H d++~+q+es y *dq+> eTqd +

>T]+ +e] <T.

MT s#q |jTeTsTTq |d+

y<T>T|P\T dTesT H < +{~. HqT Jeqjq+
s<eT nqT<T . < sdTH+ >=|y&q y[ nqTe+
<T . { qes|+ sXqT. +f$T+f MTsT @ qe\
nsTTH b\T #|+#>\sT. y<T>T|P\T #|+#sT.
|sY | H k>TT+~. <eT+ m& nV+kjTT+> yTT<\eT+<,
m& V+k+> esTT+< #b&T s+>#s >sT. += #<T
nH&T sCX sse >sT. +< > nH&T. n& (qe\) e
nHqT` d<++ H se + >=|~. HqT jTT<+ |T bqT.
q$T H y+s! n+f |\ nq~, H & us . f $Xd+. # d
H{> #k n+T+~. $Xd+ +f se + >=|~ n #bqT. e
>+BJ #d #|+#sT. 1942 & sY & nH&T jTq. n~ jTq
d<++ <T, se +. You paste a paper on your breast that you are
a satyagrahi. If you are die people may recognise that you are a
satyagrahi.

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<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

53

jT+ jTT>eTT e# jTeTT& s{H,

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|\ =s bsT y&e&T \q
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(M{ 1961 <Xs~ sXsT)

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54

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55

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56

<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

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<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

57

#|< T . < q+ #|ksT . \seTjT <=s #dq + <sq + mes

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58

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59

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60

<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

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62

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63

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64

<Xs~ s+>#s d +*

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, he is so democratic.
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65

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