Chapter 12

The Age of Jackson

Lets Review Presidents

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

George Washington
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe

Election of 1824

Who ran

John Quincy Adams Democratic-Republican

William Crawford
Henry Clay
Andrew Jackson Democratic-Republican

Who won
Jackson won popular votes BUT
Jackson had the most electoral votes, but he didnt
have enough

Corrupt Bargain

Jackson had the most electoral votes and won

the popular vote, but because so many people
ran, no one candidate had at least half +1
electoral votes. What happens then?
House of Representatives decides election

Election of 1824 Results

Corrupt Bargain (conclusion)

Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, influenced

the House members, so they voted for Adams

Henry Clay is then appointed as Secretary of

State by President Adams

Election of 1824 6th President

John Quincy Adams becomes the 6th

President of the United States
He was a Democratic- Republican
John Adams son

he was disliked by most like his father

Election of 1828

Jackson claimed to represent the common

man

Jackson felt a connection with normal, everyday

common people
JQ Adams felt a connection with the wealthy,
privileged people

Jackson & Adams were both DemocraticRepublicans BUT they represented different
groups of people.

Split Party

Since Adams and Jackson represented

different groups of people, the party split.

Adams supporters became known as

Republicans
Jacksons supporters became known as
Democrats

Election of 1828 Andrew Jackson

Jackson promised to look out for the interests of

the common people.

The idea of spreading political power to all

the people and ensuring majority rule
became known as Jacksonian democracy.

Jackson began giving jobs to his supporters

and friends he backed the majority

Election of 1828

Andrew Jackson won the election of 1828 to become

the 7th President
Jacksons humble background
and
reputation as a war hero
helped make him President.
He was the first President
who
wasnt from a rich
Mass. or
Virginia family.
Thousands of people came to Jacksons inauguration,
this showed Jacksons popularity.

Spoils System

Jackson began his Presidency by replacing

many government jobs & officials with his
supporters and friends. (ordinary citizens)
The spoils system became known as the
practice of giving government
jobs to political supporters.

Indians in America

Indians in America

Since 1600, white settlers had pushed Native

Americans westward as they took more and
more of their land.
By the 1820s, about 100,000 Native Americans
remained east of the Mississippi River.
Andrew Jackson had long supported
a policy of moving Native Americans
west of the Mississippi River

Indian Removal Act

Jackson believed the government had the

right to regulate where Native Americans
could live.
Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act
This required Native
Americans to move west.

Map of Indian Removal Act

Mississippi
River

Indian Territory

As whites invaded Indian homelands, many

Native Americans began signing treaties
exchanging their land for land in the West.
Worcester v. Georgia supreme court decision
that forced Indians to move west.
Indian Territory Parts of Oklahoma Native
American Indians were forced to move to by
Andrew Jackson and the Supreme Court.

Map of Indian Removal Act

Indian
Territory

Trail of Tears

Many Cherokees refused to move West.

Jackson made soldiers force Cherokees
into camps and made them set out on a
long, hard journey to Indian Territory.

of the Indians on the journey died.

Trail of Tears The journey of Cherokee

Indians being forced off their homeland to
Indian Territory

Trail of Tears

Was Jackson right?

People with racial hatred in their hearts in power
always think Law and Justice is on their side.
President Andrew Jackson did not have the law on
his side when he marched 4,000 Cherokee to their
deaths on the Trail of Tears.
"JOHN MARSHALL HAS MADE HIS LAW NOW
LET HIM ENFORCE IT", Andrew Jackson to the
Supreme Court when ordered to leave the
Cherokee alone.

Jackson and the Indians

Andrew Jackson had

the greatest impact on
the Indians of all
Presidents before
and after him

Tariffs

Many lands had been acquired by time Andrew

Jackson became President.
Tariffs taxes on imported goods became an
issue
Revenue tariff used to raise money, like sales tax.
These taxes are usually low.
Protective tariff to persuade people to buy goods
in their own country instead of purchasing foreignmade products. These are high taxes that protect
American companies.

Protective tariff vs. no tariff

$2.50 to produce
in Britain

$1.00 profit

+
$3.00 to produce
in the U.S.

$3.50

Tariff
40%

$1.00 profit

$4.00

$4.90

$4.00

Cheaper for products made in the U.S. encourages people to buy American products

Tariffs

Northerners supported high tariffs because

the American manufacturers sell their products
at a lower price than imported goods.

Factories & manufacturers were in the North

The South did not support high tariffs

because its economy depended on foreign
trade.

They needed foreign products

Tariff of Abominations

Tariff of Abominations a law passed that

raised the tariffs on raw materials and
manufactured goods.

Southerners were outraged

They had to sell their cotton at low prices

The state of South Carolina threatened to

secede, or leave the Union (United States),
because of the Tariff of Abominations.

They were upset bad for the economy

Doctrine of Nullification

John Calhoun did not want S. Carolina to leave

the Union so he passed the Doctrine of
Nullification This said a state had a right to nullify, or
reject, a federal law that it considers
unconstitutional
Calhoun believed Congress had no right to
pass a tariff that helped only 1 section of the
country

Secession

Secession withdrawal from the Union

South Carolina threatened to withdraw
(or leave) the United States of America if
the federal government tried to collect the
tariffs.
WHY? S. Carolina believed the tariffs
were too high.

Civil War Avoided?

Jackson responded to S.C.s threat by asking

Congress for permission to collect the tariffs by
force (using the Army).
Jackson also supported a new bill to lower the
tariffs; it was a compromise to end the stalemate
with South Carolina.
South Carolina tried to get other states to support
its position, but none did; the crisis subsided.
The Civil War almost started in 1833, instead of
1860

Second Bank of the U.S.

Founded in 1816, the Second Bank of the

U.S. was opposed by Jackson (he called the
bank, The Monster.) He vetoed a bill set to
renew the charter of the bank in 1832, and
Congress could not get the needed votes to
override it.
Congress wanted the Banks Charter to
continue, but Jackson despised it; he used the
battle to get reelected in 1832 as Jackson was
very popular.

Interpretthiscartoon
Whichofthefollowingbest
describestheartistsattitudeabout
Jackson?
A.
JacksonshouldbeKing.
B.
Jacksonisastrongleader.
C.
Jacksonhasvetoedtoomany
bills.
D.
Jacksonisbehavingmore
likeakingthananelected
leader.

Election of 1836

Jackson served 2 terms was very popular

Jacksons vice-president, Martin Van

Buren became the 8th President of the U.S.
A few months after Van Buren
took office a panic (fear) about
the economy spread.
Panic of 1837 - a widespread
fear about the state of the economy

Depression

People took their paper money to the banks

and demand gold or silver.
The banks could not pay the people
The banks went bankrupt.
Depression severe economic slump
Van Burens Presidency marked by
depression; was not marked with man
advances or achievements.

President Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

George Washington
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
Martin Van Buren

Election of 1840

Henry Clay and Daniel Webster argued that the

government needed to help the economy

Van Buren disagreed would not help

Many Americans blamed Martin Van Buren for the
Panic

Clay, Webster, and Jackson opponents

formed the Whig Party for the election of
1840

Election of 1840

The Whig Party was named after a British

Party & they did not support A. Jackson
The Whigs opposed all the power the
chief executive (the President) has
The Whigs chose William Henry
Harrison for President and
John Tyler for Vice President

Harrison was a war hero

Harrison dies in office

William Henry Harrison became the 9th

President of the United States

Died of pneumonia one month after being

inaugurated

John Tyler, Harrisons Vice President, took

Harrisons place after he died becoming
the 10th President of the United States.

Lets Review Presidents

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

George Washington
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
Martin Van Buren
William Henry Harrison
John Tyler