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Lecture 3:
1. Siamese cats have a temperature-sensitive tyrosinase mutation - what kind of allele is
this? conditional
2. Give two (one-two word) reasons why a mutation might have variable expressivity or
penetrance. environment, genetic background, stochastic events
3. Give two (one-two word) ways that a mutation could make a gene hypermorphic. copy
number inc, duplication, transcription inc, translation inc, protein activity inc.
4. p53 is a protein that helps prevent cancer through various mechanisms. Because of this,
(cancer cells from) many cancer patients have been found to have mutations in one of
Snapdragon flowers come in three possible colors: Red, white, and pink, controlled by a
single color gene. Snapdragons with red flowers are homozygous for the R allele (R/R),
while snapdragons with white flowers are homozygous for the r allele (r/r).
a. What do you think is the genotype of the pink flowers color gene? [2points]
R,r
b. What is the effect that explains the pink color of the flower? [2points]
haploinsufficiency (or incomplete dominance/codominance)
Lecture 4:
1. If you find a mutant phenotype that only seems to appear in male mice, what kind of
mutation is it? sex-linked mutation
2. What are sister chromatids? A chromosome and its replicated copy
3. (___Meiosis___) is a specialized type of cell division which reduces the chromosome
number by half. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing eukaryotes (both singlecelled and multicellular) including animals, plants, and fungi
5. Imagine youre doing Mendels experiments. You crossed two plants, one with Yellow
peas (which is a dominant mutation) and the other with Green peas (which is a recessive
mutation). If, after crossing them, half of the F1 progeny are green and the other half are
yellow, what was the genotype of the parents? If you plant two of the yellow pea from the
F1 progeny and cross them, what would be the genotypes of their F2 progeny? Parents
genotypes are heterozygous (Yy) and recessive homozygous (yy); progeny are
YY:Yy:yy in 1:2:1 ratio.
6. What kind of inheritance pattern is consistent with the disease in the pedigree below?
Why? (Note that circles are female, squares are male, and black shapes have the
disease phenotype while white shapes are wild-type.)