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I. AMIN
1. Khi nim
Khi thay th mt hay nhiu nguyn t hiro trong phn t NH3 bng mt hay nhiu gc hirocacbon
ta c amin. Th d: CH3NH2: metyl amin; CH2=CHCH2NH2; C6H5NH2.
2. Phn loi
a. Theo c im cu to ca gc hirocacbon
Amin thm (th d: anilin C6H5NH2), amin bo (th d: etylamin C2H5NH2), amin d vng (th d: piroliin)
b. Theo bc ca amin
Amin bc mt: CH3CH2CH2NH2; Amin bc hai: CH3CH2NHCH3; Amin bc ba: (CH3)3N.
3. Danh php
+ Tn gc chc: tn gc + amin
+ Tn thay th: tn nhnh + tn mch chnh + s ch + amin
Vi amin bc II v III: Ntn nhnh + tn mch nhnh + tn mch chnh + s ch + amin
Tn gi ca mt s amin
Hp cht
Tn gc chc
Tn thay th
Tn thng thng
CH3NH2
metyl amin
Metanamin
C2H5NH2
Etyl amin
Etanamin
CH3CH2CH2NH2
Propyl amin
propan1amin
CH3CH(NH2)CH3
Isopropyl amin
propan2amin
H2N[CH2]6NH2
Hexan1,6iamin hexametylen iamin
C6H5NH2
Phenyl amin
Benzenamin
Anilin
C6H5NHCH3
Metyl phenyl amin Nmetylbenzenamin NMetyl anilin
C2H5NHCH3
etyl metyl amin
Nmetyletanamin
4. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Tnh baz
CH3CH2CH2NH2 + H2O [CH3CH2CH2NH3]+ + OH.
CH3NH2 + HCl [CH3NH3]+Cl (metylamoni clorua).
C6H5NH2 + HCl C6H5NH3+Cl (phenylamoni clorua).
Nhm ankyl c nh hng lm tng mt electron nguyn t nit do lm tng lc baz; nhm
phenol (C6H5) lm gim mt electron nguyn t nit do lm gim lc baz.
Lc baz: RNH2 > NH3 > C6H5NH2.
b. Phn ng vi axit nitr
C2H5NH2 + HONO C2H5OH + N2 + H2O
Anilin v cc amin thm bc mt tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thp (0 5C) cho mui iazoni:
o
+
D. C A v B u ng.
Cu 25: C cc dung dch ring bit sau: C6H5NH3Cl (phenylamoni clorua), H2NCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH,
ClH3NCH2COOH, H2NCH2COONa, HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH. S lng cc dung dch c pH < 7
l
A. 2.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 26: Cp cht no ng thi tc dng c vi dung dch HCl v vi dung dch NaOH?
A. H2NCH2COOH v C6H5NH2.
B. CH3COONH4 v C2H5NH2.
C. HCOOH v HCOOH3NCH3.
D. CH3CH(NH2)COOH v C6H5OH.
Cu 27: Hp cht C3H7O2N tc dng c vi NaOH, H2SO4 v khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2 c cng
thc cu to l
A. HCOOH3NCH2CH3.
B. CH2=CHCOONH4.
C. H2NCH2CH2COOH.
D. CH3CH2CH2NO2.
Cu 28: Cht X c cng thc phn t C3H7O2N v lm mt mu dung dch brom. Tn gi ca X l
A. metyl amino axetat.
B. axit amino propionic.
C. axit amino propionic.
D. amoni acrylat.
Cu 29: Cht X c cng thc phn t C 4H9O2N. Bit: X + NaOH Y + CH 4O; Y + HCl (d) Z + NaCl.
Cng thc cu to ca X v Z ln lt l
A. H2NCH2CH2COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH.
B. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH.
C. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH2)COOH.
D. H2NCH2COOC2H5 v ClH3NCH2COOH.
Cu 30: Cho cc cht: phenylamoni clorua, alanin, lysin, glyxin, etylamin. S cht lm qu tm i mu l
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
P N BI TP Amin Aminoaxit Peptit
1A
2B
3C
4D
5C
6D
7C
8B
9A
10D 11A 12C 13D
14C 15D 16B 17A 18D 19C 20D 21D 22B 23A 24D 25D 26A
27C 28D 29B 30B
AMIN TRONG CC THI H C
Cu 1: (A 2010) Hn hp X gm 1 mol amino axit no mch h v 1 mol amin no, mch h. X c kh nng
phn ng ti a vi 2 mol HCl hoc 2 mol NaOH. t chy hon ton X thu c 6 mol CO 2, x mol H2O v
y mol N2. Cc gi tr x v y tng ng l
A. 7 v 1,0.
B. 8 v 1,5.
C. 8 v 1,0.
D. 7 v 1,5.
Cu 2: (B 2010) t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt amin no, mch h X bng oxi va , thu c 0,5 mol
hn hp Y gm kh v hi. Cho 4,6 gam X tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), s mol HCl phn ng l
A. 0,3
B. 0,1
C. 0,4
D. 0,2
Cu 3: (B 2010) Trung ha hon ton 8,88 gam mt amin bc mt, mch cacbon khng phn nhnh bng
axit HCl, to ra 17,64 gam mui. Amin c cng thc l
A. H2N[CH2]4NH2. B. CH3CH2CH2NH2. C. H2N[CH2]3NH2. D. H2NCH2CH2NH2.
Cu 4: (A 2009) Cho 10 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi HCl d, thu c 15 gam mui. S
ng phn cu to ca X l
A. 4.
B. 8.
C. 5.
D. 7.
Cu 5: (A 2009) S ng phn cu to ca amin bc mt c cng cng thc phn t C4H11N l
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 5.
D. 3.
Cu 6: (C 2008) Cho 5,9 gam amin n chc X tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Lm bay hi dung dch Y c 9,55 gam mui khan. S cng thc cu
to ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 3.
Cu 7: (C 2008) Cho dy cc cht: C6H5OH (phenol), C6H5NH2 (anilin), H2NCH2COOH, CH3CH2COOH,
CH3CH2CH2NH2. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Cu 8: (A 2007) Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X, thu c 8,4 lt kh CO 2, 1,4 lt kh N2 (cc
th tch kh o ktc) v 10,125 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H7N.
B. C2H7N.
C. C3H9N.
D. C4H9N.
Cu 9: (C 2007) Hp cht X c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht, va tc dng c
vi axit va tc dng c vi kim trong iu kin thch hp. Trong phn t X, thnh phn phn trm khi
lng ca cc nguyn t C, H, N ln lt bng 40,449%; 7,865% v 15,73%; cn li l oxi. Khi cho 4,45
gam X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH (un nng) thu c 4,85 gam mui
khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH2=CHCOONH4.
B. H2NCOOC2H5.
C. H2NCH2COOCH3.
D. H2NCH2CH2COOH.
Cu 10: (C 2007) trung ha 25 gam dung dch ca mt amin n chc X nng 12,4% cn dng 100
ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H5N.
B. C2H7N.
C. CH5N.
D. C3H7N.
Cu 11: (A 2010) t chy hon ton V lt hi mt amin X bng mt lng oxi va to ra 8V lt hn hp
gm kh cacbonic, kh nit v hi nc (cc th tch kh v hi u o cng iu kin). Amin X tc dng
vi axit nitr nhit thng, gii phng kh nit. Cht X l
A. CH3CH2CH2NH2. B. CH2=CHCH2NH2. C. C2H5NHCH3. D. CH2=CHNHCH3.
Cu 12: (C 2011) Cho cc dung dch: C6H5NH2 (anilin), CH3NH2, NaOH, C2H5OH v H2NCH2COOH.
Trong cc dung dch trn, s dung dch c th lm i mu phenolphtalein l
A. 4
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5
Cu 13: (B 2011) Ancol v amin no sau y cng bc?
A. (CH3)2CHOH v (CH3)2CHNH2.
B. C6H5NHCH3 v C6H5CH(OH)CH3.
C. (CH3)3COH v (CH3)3CNH2.
D. (C6H5)2NH v C6H5CH2OH.
Cu 14: (A 2012) Hn hp M gm mt anken v hai amin no, n chc, mch h X v Y l ng ng k
tip (MX < MY). t chy hon ton mt lng M cn dng 4,536 lt O2 (ktc) thu c H2O, N2 v 2,24 lt
CO2 (ktc). Cht Y l
A. etyl metyl amin. B. butyl amin.
C. etyl amin.
D. propyl amin.
Cu 15: (A 2012) Cho dy cc cht: C6H5NH2 (1), C2H5NH2 (2), (C6H5)2NH (3), (C2H5)2NH (4), NH3 (5)
(trong C6H5 l gc phenyl). Dy cc cht sp xp theo th t lc baz gim dn l
A. (4), (1), (5), (2), (3).
B. (3), (1), (5), (2), (4).
C. (4), (2), (3), (1), (5).
D. (4), (2), (5), (1), (3).
Cu 16: (C 2012) Cho cc cht: CH3CH(CH3)NH2 (X) v CH3CH(NH2)COOH (Y). Tn thay th ca X v
Y ln lt l
A. propan2amin v axit amino etanoic.
B. propan1amin v axit amino etanoic.
C. propan2amin v axit 2amino propanoic.
D. propan1amin v axit 2amino propanoic.
Cu 17: (C 2012) Cng thc chung ca amin no, n chc, mch h l
A. CnH2n5N (n 6). B. CnH2n+1N (n 2). C. CnH2n1N (n 2). D. CnH2n+3N (n 1).
Cu 18: (B 2013) Cho 0,76 gam hn hp X gm hai amin n chc, c s mol bng nhau, phn ng hon
ton vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 1,49 gam mui. Khi lng ca amin c phn t khi nh hn trong
0,76 gam X l
A. 0,45 g.
B. 0,38 g.
C. 0,58 g.
D. 0,31 g.
Cu 19: (B 2013) S ng phn amin bc mt, cha vng benzen, c cng cng thc phn t C7H9N l
A. 3.
B. 5.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Cu 20: (C 2013) Dy gm cc cht c sp theo chiu tng dn lc baz t tri sang phi l
A. Etylamin, amoniac, phenylamin.
B. Etylamin, phenylamin, amoniac.
C. Phenylamin, etylamin, amoniac.
D. Phenylamin, amoniac, etylamin.
Cu 21: (C 2014) Phn trm khi lng nit trong phn t anilin bng
A. 18,67%
B. 12,96%
C. 15,05%
D. 15,73%
Cu 22: (A 2014) C bao nhiu amin bc ba l ng phn cu to ca nhau ng vi cng thc phn t
C5H13N?
A. 5
B. 3
C. 2
D. 4
Cu 23: (B 2014) Cho X, Y, Z, T l cc cht khc nhau trong s bn cht gm: CH3NH2, NH3, C6H5OH
(phenol), C6H5NH2 (anilin) v cc tnh cht c ghi trong bng sau
Cht
X
Y
Z
T
Nhit si (C)
182
184
6,7
33,4
pH (dung dch nng 0,001M)
6,48
7,82
10,81
10,12
Nhn xt no sau y ng?
A. Y l C6H5OH.
B. Z l CH3NH2.
C. T l C6H5NH2.
D. X l NH3.
Cu 13: Hp cht X mch h c cng thc phn t l C 4H9NO2. Cho 10,3 gam X phn ng va vi dung
dch NaOH sinh ra mt cht kh Y v dung dch Z. Kh Y nng hn khng kh, lm giy qu tm m chuyn
mu xanh. Dung dch Z c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom. C cn dung dch Z thu c m gam mui
khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,8.
B. 9,4.
C. 8,2.
D. 9,6.
Cu 14: S ipeptit ti a c th to ra t mt hn hp gm alanin v glyxin l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 15: Cho hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t l C 3H7NO2. Khi phn ng vi dung dch
NaOH, X to ra H2NCH2COONa v cht hu c Z; cn Y to ra CH2=CHCOONa v kh T. Cc cht Z v T
ln lt l
A. CH3NH2 v NH3.
B. C2H5OH v N2.
C. CH3OH v CH3NH2.
D. CH3OH v NH3.
Cu 16: Cho 0,02 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c 3,67 gam
mui khan. Mt khc 0,02 mol X tc dng va vi 40 gam dung dch NaOH 4%. Cng thc ca X l
A. H2NC3H5(COOH)2.
B. (H2N)2C3H5COOH.
C. H2NC2H3(COOH)2.
D. H2NC3H6COOH.
Nm 2010
Cu 17: Pht biu ng l
A. Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit photphoric v glucoz.
B. Khi thy phn n cng cc protein n gin s cho hn hp cc aminoaxit.
C. Khi cho dung dch lng trng trng vo Cu(OH)2 thy xut hin phc mu xanh m.
D. Enzim amilaza xc tc cho phn ng thy phn xenluloz thnh mantoz.
Cu 18: C bao nhiu tripeptit (mch h) khc loi m khi thy phn hon ton u thu c 3 aminoaxit:
glyxin, alanin v phenylalanin?
A. 4.
B. 6.
C. 9.
D. 3.
Cu 19: Cho 0,15 mol H2NC3H5(COOH)2 (axit glutamic) vo 175 ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu c dung
dch X. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, s mol NaOH phn ng
l
A. 0,65.
B. 0,70.
C. 0,55.
D. 0,50.
Cu 20: Hn hp X gm 1 mol aminoaxit no, mch h v 1 mol amin no, mch h. X c kh nng phn ng
ti a vi 2 mol HCl hoc 2 mol NaOH. t chy hon ton X thu c 6 mol CO 2, x mol H2O v y mol N2.
Cc gi tr x, y tng ng l
A. 8 v 1,5.
B. 7 v 1,5.
C. 7 v 1,0.
D. 8 v 1,0.
Cu 21: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y c cng cng thc phn t l C 3H7NO2, u l cht rn iu kin
thng. Cht X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, gii phng kh. Cht Y c phn ng trng ngng. Cc cht
X v Y ln lt l
A. vinylamoni fomat v amoni acrylat.
B. axit 2aminopropionic v axit 3aminopropionic.
C. axit 2aminopropionic v amoni acrylat.
D. amoni acrylat v axit 2aminopropionic.
Cu 22: Hn hp X gm alanin v axit glutamic. Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH
(d), thu c dung dch Y cha (m + 30,8) gam mui. Mt khc, nu cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi
dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch Z cha (m + 36,5) gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 112,2.
B. 171,0.
C. 165,6.
D. 123,8.
Cu 23: ipeptit mch h X v tripeptit mch h Y u c to nn t mt aminoaxit (no, mch h, trong
phn t cha mt nhm NH2 v mt nhm COOH). t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Y, thu c tng khi
lng CO2 v H2O bng 54,9 gam. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol X, sn phm thu c cho li t t qua nc
vi trong d, to ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 45 g.
B. 60 g.
C. 120 g.
D. 30 g.
Cu 24: Thy phn hon ton 1 mol pentapeptit X, thu c 2 mol glyxin (Gly), 1 mol alanin (Ala), 1 mol
valin (Val) v 1 mol phenylalanin (Phe). Thy phn khng hon ton X thu c ipeptit ValPhe v
tripeptit GlyAlaVal nhng khng thu c ipeptit GlyGly. Cht X c cng thc l
A. GlyAlaValPheGly.
B. GlyPheGlyAlaVal.
C. ValPheGlyAlaGly.
D. GlyAlaValValPhe.
Nm 2011
A. H2NCH2CH2COOH.
B. C6H5NH2.
C. CH3CH(NH2)COOH.
D. H2NCH2COOH.
Cu 40: Cho dy cc cht sau: toluen, phenyl fomat, fructoz, glyxylvalin (GlyVal), etylen glicol, triolein.
S cht b thu phn trong mi trng axit l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 6.
D. 5.
Nm 2013
Cu 41: Cho 100 ml dung dch amino axit X nng 0,4M tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch NaOH
0,5M, thu c dung dch cha 5 gam mui. Cng thc ca X l
A. H2NC3H6COOH.
B. H2NC3H5(COOH)2.
C. (H2N)2C4H7COOH.
D. H2NC2H4COOH.
Cu 42: Cho X l hexapeptit, AlaGlyAlaValGlyVal v Y l tetrapeptit GlyAlaGlyGlu. Thy phn
hon ton m gam hn hp gm X v Y thu c 4 amino axit, trong c 30 gam glyxin v 28,48 gam
alanin. Gi tr ca m l
A. 77,6.
B. 83,2.
C. 87,4.
D. 73,4.
Cu 43: Dung dch no sau y lm phenolphtalein i mu?
A. glyxin.
B. metylamin.
C. axit axetic.
D. alanin.
Cu 44: Peptit X b thy phn theo phng trnh phn ng X + 2H 2O 2Y + Z (trong Y v Z l cc
amino axit). Thy phn hon ton 4,06 gam X thu c m gam Z. t chy hon ton m gam Z cn va
1,68 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c 2,64 gam CO2; 1,26 gam H2O v 224 ml kh N2 (ktc). Bit Z c cng thc
phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht. Tn gi ca Y l
A. glyxin
B. lysin
C. axit glutamic
D. alanin
Cu 45: Amino axit X c phn t khi bng 75. Tn ca X l
A. lysin.
B. alanin.
C. glyxin.
D. valin.
Cu 46: Tripeptit X v tetrapeptit Y u mch h. Khi thy phn hon ton hn hp gm X v Y ch to ra
mt amino axit duy nht c cng thc H2NCnH2nCOOH. t chy 0,05 mol Y trong oxi d, thu c N2 v
36,3 gam hn hp gm CO2 v H2O. t chy 0,01 mol X trong oxi d, cho sn phm chy vo dung dch
Ba(OH)2 d, thu c m gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr m l
A. 29,55.
B. 17,73.
C. 23,64.
D. 11,82.
Cu 47: Amino axit X c cng thc l H 2NCxHy(COOH)2. Cho 0,1 mol X vo 0,2 lt dung dch H 2SO4 0,5M,
thu c dung dch Y. Cho Y phn ng va vi dung dch gm NaOH 1M v KOH 3M, thu c dung
dch cha 36,7 gam mui. Phn trm khi lng ca nit trong X l
A. 9,524%
B. 10,687%
C. 10,526%
D. 11,966%
Nm 2014
Cu 48: Cho 0,1 mol axit aminopropionic tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch X. Cho
X tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,10
B. 16,95
C. 11,70
D. 18,75
Cu 49: Thy phn hon ton 4,34 gam tripeptit mch h X (c to nn t hai amino axit c cng
cng thc dng H2NCxHyCOOH) bng dung dch NaOH d, thu c 6,38 gam mui. Mt khc thy phn
hon ton 4,34 gam X bng dung dch HCl d, thu c m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,53.
B. 7,25.
C. 5,06.
D. 8,25.
Cu 50: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Cho Cu(OH)2 vo dung dch lng trng trng th thy xut hin mu vng.
B. Dung dch lysin lm xanh qu tm.
C. Anilin tc dng vi nc Brom to thnh kt ta trng.
D. Dung dch glyxin khng lm i mu qu tm.
Cu 51: Cho cc cht: axit glutamic, saccarozo, metylamoni clorua, vinyl axetat, phenol, glixerol, GlyGly.
S cht tc dng vi dung dch NaOH long, nng l
A. 3.
B. 6
C. 5.
D. 4.
Cu 52: Cho 0,02 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,04 mol NaOH. Mt khc 0,02
mol X tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,02 mol HCl, thu c 3,67 gam mui. Cng thc ca X l
A. HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH.
B. H2NCH2CH(NH2)COOH.
C. CH3CH(NH2)COOH.
D. HOOCCH2CH(NH2)COOH.
Cu 53: Hn hp X gm cht Y (C2H8N2O4) v cht Z (C4H8N2O3); trong Y l mui ca axit a chc, Z l
ipeptit mch h. Cho 25,6 gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, thu c 0,2 mol kh. Mt
khc 25,6 gam X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c m gam cht hu c. Gi tr ca m l
A. 20,15.
B. 31,30.
C. 23,80.
D. 16,95.
Cu 54: Hn hp gm ba peptit u mch h c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 1 : 3. Thy phn hon ton m gam
X, thu c hn hp sn phm gm 14,24 gam alanin, v 8,19 gam valin. Bit tng s lin kt peptit trong
phn t ca ba peptit nh hn 13. Gi tr ca m l
A. 18,83
B. 18,29
C. 19,19
D. 18,47
Cu 55: Amino axit X trong phn t ch cha hai loi nhm chc. Cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi 0,2
mol NaOH, thu c 17,7 gam mui. S nguyn t hidro trong phn t X l
A. 9
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
Cu 56: C bao nhiu tripeptit (mch h) sau khi thy phn hon ton u thu c sn phm gm c alanin
v glyxin?
A. 8
B. 5
C. 7
D. 6
P N AMIN TRONG H C
1A
2D
3C
4B
5A
6B
7C
8C
9C
10C 11A 12B 13B
14C 15D 16C 17D 18D 19D 20D 21C 22B 23B
P N AMINOAXIT TRONG H C
1C
2B
3B
4B
5D
6C
7D
8D
9C
10A 11A 12C 13B
14D 15D 16A 17B 18B 19A 20C 21D 22A 23C 24A 25D 26B
27A 28A 29A 30A 31A 32C 33D 34B 35D 36B 37D 38B 39C
40A 41A 42B 43B 44A 45C 46B 47C 48B 49B 50A 51C 52A
53B 54C 55B 56D