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Soil Classification
Clay Soils
STATE
Increasing water
content
STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOUR AT
VARIOUS STATES
Stress
Liquid
Liquid Limit (LL)
Strain
Stress
Plastic
Non-linear inelastic
Semi- Solid
Elastic - Plastic
Strain
Stress
Solid
Atterberg Device
STATE
Increasing
moisture
content
Liquid
Liquid Limit (LL)
PI = LL-PL
Plastic
Plastic Limit (PL)
Semi- Solid
LL = PL
LL > PL
Description
Nonplastic
1-5
Slightly plastic
5-10
Low plasticity
10-20
Medium plasticity
20-40
High plasticity
>40
Activity (A)
A=
PI
( percent clay size fraction by weight )
A=
PI
(percent clay - size fraction by weight)
LI=1
w1
w2
PL
PI
LI>1
w3
LL
Bulky Soils
Sieve Analysis
10
D(mm) = K
L(cm)
t (min)
11
12
Poorly graded
Well graded
Gap graded
13
D60
= Coefficent of Uniformity
D10
D 2 30
Cc =
= Coefficent of Gradiation
D60 x D10
14
Boulder
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Silt
Clay
Colloid
> 300
76.2 - 300
4.75 76.2
0.075 4.75
.005 0.075
0.002 - .005
< 0.002
Bulky
Particles
Plate/Needle
Particles
15
16
17
18