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Video Coverage
A Video-Centric Mobile
Network Planning Methodology
October 2015
Contents
1. Introduction.........................................................................01
2. Video Industry Insights........................................................02
3. User Experience Is the Standard of MBB Network
Construction Quality...............................................................05
4. Video Coverage Methodology........................................07
5. Benefits.................................................................................11
6. Appendix: Global vMOS Insight........................................12
1. Introduction
Changed Operation Perspective
Experience economy gradually becomes the core strategy and primary source of prot and revenue in
the service industry. As basic telecom service providers, operators are altering their perspective from
network centric to experience centric operation. Providing diversified services based on the basic
network capability has become one of the primary demands of operators, and therefore, they can obtain
extra operation value. As a basic service provided by operators, video service is hot. Providing good video
service experience is the key to differentiated competitiveness for mobile broadband (MBB) operators.
Family
Health
UGC
Video = New Voice
TV/
Movie
Family
Time
SNS
Sharing
Enterprise
UC
Online
Education
Vertical
Application
Public
Safety
Entertainment
Communication
01
36%
38%
32%
02
177
168
168
162
158
168
168
109
Q1 2012
Q1 2013
Q1 2014
Q3 2014
Mobile devices have become the primary choice for information acquisition. Commercial enterprises
adopt the mobile-preferred strategy, with major news pushed on mobile devices. This strategy causes
higher mobile trafc requirement, accelerating the MBB network development.
4.5
3.5
2.5
2
1.5
1
0
Q3 14
Q4 14
Q1 15
03
Terminal Ready
Content Ready
Network Ready
77%
51%
55%
38%
23%
10%
18%
31%
15
>5Mbps Countries
14 13
10
9 8
7
5 3
opt10
opt9
opt8
opt7
opt6
opt5
opt4
opt3
opt2
opt1
In high-end eld, 2K resolution becomes the competitiveness of leading operators. There are various
types of 2K resolution. In the movie projection industry, 2K resolution means 2048 x 1080 pixels.
The resolution of iPhone6 Plus is 1920 x 1080, which is very close to 2K resolution. The standard 2K
resolution of mobile phones refers to four times of 720p, equal to 2560X1440. Currently, there are
40 types of 2K mobile phones. It is expected that more than 10% newly delivered mobile phones are
2K mobile phones until next year. The 2K video experience will be the target of mobile networks and
become the mainstream.
04
screen size
video resolution
stalling times
stalling duration
05
Change from Coverage- and Throughput-oriented to UserExperience-oriented Network Planning and Construction
Connection experience is the core of the differentiated competitiveness for operators' networks. Ensuring
connection experience is the main objective for network planning. Video service performance involves
multiple dimensions, such as larger access bandwidth and lower end-to-end delay. However, traditional
network planning cannot generate all KPIs and predict experience improvement. Therefore, planning
efciency is low. The video experience-based planning method uses normalized KPIs and displays the
planning results visually. As a result, improvements in video experience are evident during the planning.
Currently, HD video services have the highest requirements on mobile networks. Therefore, video-based
mobile network planning and construction can meet the experience requirements of video services as
well as web pages, SNSs, and music services.
06
4.1 Procedures
Video Coverage mainly covers the following three key steps:
1. Network evaluation and target setting: Quantify the mobile video performance based on objective
KPIs. Analyze video consumption habits and identify the target planning areas.
2. Gap and root cause analysis: Locate the problems and causes of areas where the video performance
does not meet the requirements.
3. Solution implementation and iteration-based optimization: Perform network coverage and capacity
planning based on the root causes. The solution includes carrier expansion, sector splitting, site addition,
and the deployment of new features. Iteration planning continuously improves the compliance ratio.
vMOS baseline
Network evaluation
and target setting
Problem location
Gap analysis
Root cause analysis
Network planning
and solution
implementation
07
vMOS
Latency<=100ms
Stalling Ratio=0%
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.8
vMOS
value
Excellent
Good
Fair
Slightly annoying
Poor
Annoying
Bad
Very annoying
4.5
4.5
4
4
2.94
2.7
2.88
Latency=3s
Stalling Ratio=10%
2.4
720
1080
2K
User perception
Imperceptible
Perceptible but not annoying
4K Resolution
Characteristics
Heavy video consumption area
Planning strategy
1080p/2K ultra-HD video quality is planned to build competitiveness.
08
Target vMOS=3.8
2.7 and below
2.8~3.2
3.3~3.7
3.8 and above
Conversion and Mapping Between the Video Experience Target and Traditional Network KPIs
The traditional network KPIs, such as coverage, interference, and number of active users cannot be
directly used for measuring video performance. By analyzing mass data on the live network, Huawei
converts these traditional KPIs to vMOS KPIs of video performance using data mining. As a result, a
precise mapping model of traditional KPIs to vMOS KPIs is formed.
Interference
PRB/TCP resource
This process covers several important steps: identifying factors, data clustering and classifying, key
feature selection, and tting to a model. Firstly, nd out network KPIs related to the vMOS. Then, select
the most relevant data to t the relationship curve between the vMOS and traditional network KPIs.
Finally, the best vMOS mapping model is formed.
09
Identifying factors
Fitting to a model
For example, for 720p videos, interference, transmitted carrier power, and the number of active users
are used for tting to the initial buffer delay model. This model maps traditional network KPIs and the
vMOS. Then, the vMOS is used for network planning and construction.
er time
Initial buff
ati
er
ois
ln
na
Sig
r
we
po
r
e
i
r
car
ted
t
i
nsm
Tra
10
Before planning
compliance rate>75%
compliance rate>90%
5. Benefits
Iteration optimization is used to reduce network planning times and costs. Therefore,
network planning efciency is improved and network construction costs are reduced.
Precise planning implements the mapping between the market objectives and network
construction.
In the previous network construction, channels were built. However, user experience has become the
target objective now. With precise planning, the Video Coverage method establishes mapping between
video experience and network KPIs. Therefore, a certain standard of video quality and performance can
be expected. As a result, optimal mapping between business objectives and network construction is
achieved and prots are increased.
After:
vMOS: 2.9
20%
38%
vMOS: 2.2
1.3GB
vMOS<3
grid rate
video trafc
rate
average
trafc
vMOS: 3.5
5%
50%
1.5GB
vMOS: 3.1
11
Test samples: sampling video experience data from seven cities in the world. Sampled video are YouTube
720 HPD, YouTube 1080P Dash and YouTube 2K Dash. The initial buffer time for HPD video is 8 seconds,
and for Dash video is 2 seconds.
City
Video Streaming
Samples
Seoul
4228
Dubai
2459
Mexico City
1883
Sydney
107
Riyadh
100
Chon Buri
190
Rio de Janeiro
207
12
End-to-end (E2E) round trip time (RTT) becomes the constraints of video experience.
The E2E RTT for a good video experience on LTE network is less than 40 ms and that
on UMTS network is less than 80 ms.
Huawei mLAB nds that for the same video initial buffer delay, different E2E RTTs correspond to different
bandwidth requirements. The shorter the initial buffer delay is, the greater the E2E RTT impact is and the
greater bandwidth gains the RTT brings. To achieve better video experience, LTE network should support
the smooth playing of videos higher than 1080p and the E2E RTT should be less than 40 ms. UMTS
network should support the smooth playing of 720p videos and the E2E RTT should be less than 80 ms.
The network capability requirements are as follows when the target initial buffer delay is two seconds.
10.6
8.4
6.7
5
4.1
4.4
3.1
2.4
2.1
720p
E2E Latency
14.6
10.6
1080p
40ms
60ms
2k
80ms
100ms
Reference
Mobile Video Service Performance Research,
http://www.huawei.com/minisite/hwugm15/mobile-vmos.html
13