BIOL 1010 Exam #2 Take Home portion

Kaelind Orton_

NAME:

YOU MUST ANSWER IN THE SPACE PROVIDED. You may want to use
www.pdfescape.com
1) The Plasma Membrane of a cell is both a FLUID and a MOSAIC. OUTLINE how
each of these terms applies to the membrane. (2 points)
-Fluid: the plasma membrane of a cell applies to a fluid because things in the
membrane can move around or float, rotate, etc. People say it is best
described to have the consistency of both vegetable oil and shortening
-Mosaic: this term applies because there is protein, carbs, and cholesterol in
the plasma membrane

2) Describe the OSMOTIC challenges faced by organisms that live in the ocean
and contrast that with the challenges faced by those that live in freshwater
lakes. (3 points)
-Water molecules go to the area with the most concentration. These molecules go to
the hypertonic area. If you put an ocean organism in fresh water, since the salt
water fish is more hypertonic and concentrated than the fresh water molecules, the
water molecules will go into the fish and the fish would start to swell and eventually
die. The exact opposite thing would happen with fresh water fish in saltwater.

3) EXPLAIN why cells benefit from pumping ions across their membranes. (2
points)
-they control what goes in and what goes out of the membrane

4) Would each of the following be considered catabolic or anabolic? EXPLAIN (3

points)

a) A ball rolling down a hill

-catabolic
b) A leaf growing on a tree
-anabolic

c) Food being digested

-catabolic
5) Would the following types of energy be considered POTENTIAL or KINETIC?
EXPLAIN (3 points)

a) Electricity powering a vacuum

Kinetic
b) A piece of bread
Potential
c) An athlete eating a big meal to prepare for a game
Potential

6) Why do we refer to ATP as an activated energy carrier? (2 points)

-ATP is the most referred carrier for energy because, alternatives may not provide
enough energy, or may be toxic, Can provide more energy and can be used by a
variety of proteins. ATP can just do more than any other alternative energy carrier.

7) Why would your muscle cells make lactic acid when they dont need it? (2 points)
-When youre working out for a long amount of time or even just doing any kind of
labor that requires a lot of oxygen and your body doesnt have enough oxygen to
receive energy, it will start to create or change pyruvate into lactate which helps
give us energy and to be able to continue our labor or exercise. When this product is
overly made it because acidic and is wasted in your muscles, eventually making
them sore.

8) Outline the INPUTS and OUTPUTS for Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle (2 points)
-Inputs: CoA, NAD+, acetyl acid, 2 NAD+, ADP+P, FAD, NAD+
-Outputs: CO2, 2 NADH, ATP, FADH, NADH, 4 c-molecules

9) DESCRIBE how CARBON enters the living world. (3 points)

-Carbon is released when we exhale or from plants getting rid of it through
respiration. Carbon is also released when types of fuels are burned.

10) DESCRIBE the rolls of each of the following in photosynthesis: (3 points)

a) Sunlight
- In order to make food, plants need and use the energy from the sun by
trapping it into their leaves. This type of energy helps the plant to change
water and carbon dioxide into glucose. Glucose is the main source of energy
for plants. It also helps make more substances that the plant may need.
b) Water
-Water helps the plant to grow but also breaks down into oxygen, hydrogen
ions, and electrons to replace those that may have been lost or used to form ATP
c) Oxygen
-oxygen is a product of photosynthesis and is required for cellular respiration.
CO2 and H2O are put in while oxygen and glucose are taken out. Plants take in what
we exhale and we inhale what plants exhale.