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Types of Lipids
Fatty Acids
Fats, and Oils
Chemical Properties of Triglycerides
Types of Lipids
Lipids with fatty acids
Waxes
Fats and oils (trigycerides)
Phospholipids
Sphingolipids
Lipids without fatty acids
Steroids
2
Fatty Acids
Long-chain carboxylic acids
Insoluble in water
Typically 12-18 carbon atoms (even number)
Some contain double bonds
Structures
Saturated fatty acids
Fit closely in regular pattern
COOH
COOH
COOH
H
C C
COOH
6
Properties of Saturated
Fatty Acids
Contain only single CC bonds
Closely packed
Strong attractions between chains
High melting points
Solids at room temperature
Properties of Unsaturated
Fatty Acids
Contain one or more double C=C bonds
Nonlinear chains do not allow molecules
to pack closely
Few interactions between chains
Low melting points
Liquids at room temperature
unsaturated
Asam lemak tak jenuh (unsaturated): ikatan ganda dua. Jika lebih
dari satu ikatan ganda dua :polyunsaturated
O
- C - OH
ASAM BENZOAT
O
- C - OH
OH
ASAM
SALISILAT
Learning Check L1
How would the melting point of stearic
acid compare to the melting points of oleic
acid and linoleic acid? Assign the melting
points of 17C, 13C, and 69C to the
correct fatty acid. Explain.
stearic acid (18 C) saturated
oleic acid (18 C) one double bond
linoleic acid (18 C) two double bonds
15
Phospholipids
Structure:
glycerol
Phospholipids
Hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
fatty
personality
It likes water
& also pushes
it away!
interaction with H2O is
complex & very important!
Phospholipids in water
bubble = micelle
can also form bilayer
early evolutionary stage of cell?
bilayer
layer = bilayer
hydrophilic heads on outside
hydrophobic
tails on inside
form core
forms
Tell them
about soap!
Steroids
ex: cholesterol, sex hormones
4 fused C rings
different
Properties of Triglycerides
Hydrogenation
Ni or Pt catalyst
C=C bonds
CC bonds
Hydrolysis
23
Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation
O
CH2
(CH2)5CH CH(CH2)7CH3
O
CH
CH 2
O
O
C (CH2)5CH CH(CH2)7CH3
O
C
+ 3 H2
Ni
25
Product of Hydrogenation
O
CH2
(CH2)14CH3
O
CH
C (CH2)14CH 3
O
Hydrogenation converts double bonds in oils to single bonds.
The solid
products are usedCH
to makeO
margarine and other hydrogenated items .
C (CH2)14CH3
2
26
Hydrolysis
Triglycerides split into glycerol and three
fatty acids (H+ or enzyme catalyst)
O
CH2
(CH2)14CH3
O
CH
CH2
O
O
C (CH2)14CH3
O
C
+3 H2O
(CH2)14CH3
CH2 OH
27
CH
OH
CH2
OH
O
+
3 HO C
(CH2)14CH3
28
Saponification
O
CH2
(CH2)16CH3
O
CH
CH 2
O
O
C
O
C
(CH2)16CH3 + 3 NaOH
(CH 2)16CH 3
CH2 OH
CH
CH2
29
+OH + 3 Na O C (CH2)14CH3
salts of fatty acids (soaps)
OH
KLASIFIKASI LIPID
Dasar : senyawa hasil setelah hidrolisis lipid
CH2
O C R
O
Trigliserida
CH O C R
O
+ H2 O
+ 3 R- C-OH
LIPID MAJEMUK
Bila terhidrolisis hasilkan : asam lemak dan alkohol serta
satu atau lebih senyawa lain.
1. Phospholipid, terdiri dari : asam fosfat, alkohol, asam
lemak dan komponen keempat yang mengandung N.
2 macam : gliserofosfolipid dan sphingofosfolipid
Inositol
Struktur gliserofosfolipid
alkohol : gliserol
Gliserol
Komponen keempat
Sphingofosfolipid
fosfolipid yang mengandung
alkohol berupa sphingosin
Sphingofosfolipidlipid terdiri dari :
Alkohol berupa sphingosin
Asam lemak
Asam fosfat
Cholin
Cholin : OH CH2- CH2 N+ - (CH3)3
Struktur Sphingofosfolipid
Asam lemak
sphingosin
Asam
fosfat
Cholin
Ikatan amida
2. Glikolipid
Struktur glikolipid
Asam lemak
Gliserol
Asam lemak
Gula
(1)
Asam
lemak
(2)
Sphingosin
Gula
Struktur steroid
Lemak hewan :
Babi
lard. Campuran trigliserida : triolein, tristearin
dan tripalmitrin
Domba dan sapi
tallow
Fosfolipid :
Phosphatida : gliserol + 2 asam lemak
Struktur dinding sel
Membran sel
Membran-membran lain : mitokondria, retikulum
endoplasma
Plasmalogen :
Jaringan hewan : jantung, otot lurik dan myelin syaraf
Steroid
Kegunaan : - 10% BK otak
- 10 -15% BK sumsum tulang
- Mencegah hilang air dan zat-zat terlarut
dalam air
- Tinggi dalam kuning telur
Termasuk steroid : hormon sex, vitamin D dan hormon
adrenal, kolesterol.
ANALISIS LEMAK