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  • AIHA

    Transféré par

    Andica Yoga Artanto
    44 vues12 pages
    Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is caused by autoantibodies that react with red blood cells (RBCs) at temperatures above or below 37°C. There are three main types - warm antibody hemolytic anemia which is the most common, cold agglutinin disease caused by antibodies that react at low temperatures, and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria which is a rare cold agglutinin disease where hemolysis occurs after exposure to cold. Diagnosis involves assays for hemolytic anemia and a direct antiglobulin test to detect antibody or complement coating RBCs. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include drug withdrawal, corticosteroids, or avoiding cold exposure.

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    autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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    Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is caused by autoantibodies that react with red blood cells (RBCs) at temperatures above or below 37°C. There are three main types - warm antibody hemolytic anemia which is the most common, cold agglutinin disease caused by antibodies that react at low temperatures, and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria which is a rare cold agglutinin disease where hemolysis occurs after exposure to cold. Diagnosis involves assays for hemolytic anemia and a direct antiglobulin test to detect antibody or complement coating RBCs. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include drug withdrawal, corticosteroids, or avoiding cold exposure.

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    44 vues12 pages

    AIHA

    Transféré par

    Andica Yoga Artanto
    Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is caused by autoantibodies that react with red blood cells (RBCs) at temperatures above or below 37°C. There are three main types - warm antibody hemolytic anemia which is the most common, cold agglutinin disease caused by antibodies that react at low temperatures, and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria which is a rare cold agglutinin disease where hemolysis occurs after exposure to cold. Diagnosis involves assays for hemolytic anemia and a direct antiglobulin test to detect antibody or complement coating RBCs. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include drug withdrawal, corticosteroids, or avoiding cold exposure.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    sur 12

    Autoimmune

    Hemolytic Anemias

    autoimmune hemolytic anemia is


    caused by autoantibodies that
    react with RBCs at
    temperatures37C (warm
    antibody hemolytic anemia)
    or<37C (cold agglutinin
    disease).
    Hemolysis is usually
    extravascular.

    Classification of
    AIHAs
    Warm Antibody AIHA (warm AIHA)

    Cold Antibody AIHA (cold agglutinin


    syndrome; CAS)
    Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria (PCH)
    Combined Cold and Warm (Mixed AIHA)

    Warm antibody hemolytic


    anemia

    Warm antibody hemolytic anemia is


    the most common form of
    autoimmune hemolytic anemia
    (AIHA); it is more common among
    women. Autoantibodies in warm
    antibody hemolytic anemia generally
    react at temperatures37C.

    etiology

    Spontaneously
    In association with certain disorders
    (SLE, lymphoma, chronic
    lymphocytic leukemia)
    After use of certain drugs :
    methyldopa,levodopa,quinidine,
    sulfonamide

    Cold agglutinin disease

    Cold agglutinin disease (cold


    antibody disease) is caused by
    autoantibodies that react at
    temperatures<37C

    etiology

    Infections (especially mycoplasmal


    pneumonias or infectious
    mononucleosis)
    Lymphoproliferative disorders
    Idiopathic (about half of cases)

    Paroxysmal cold
    hemoglobinuria

    Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH;


    Donath-Landsteiner syndrome) is a rare
    type of cold agglutinin disease. Hemolysis
    results from exposure to cold, which may
    even be localized (eg, from drinking cold
    water, from washing hands in cold water).
    An IgG autohemolysin binds to RBCs at
    low temperatures and causes
    intravascular hemolysis after warming.

    Assays for hemolytic anemia (eg,


    peripheral smear, reticulocyte count;
    sometimes urinary hemosiderin,
    serum haptoglobin)
    Direct antiglobulin test

    Immune Hemolytic Anemias


    DIRECT ANTIGLOBULIN
    TEST

    Test for IgG and/or complement coating the patients red blood cells

    Treatment

    For drug-induced warm antibody hemolytic


    anemia, drug withdrawal, sometimes IV
    immune globulin
    For idiopathic warm antibody hemolytic
    anemia, corticosteroids (eg,prednisone1
    mg/kg po once/day or higher doses) are
    the treatment of choice in idiopathic warm
    antibody AIHA
    For cold agglutinin disease, avoidance of
    cold

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