December 1st

, 2015
[Date]

Creating an
Emulsion:
Homemade
Mayonnaise

FOOD SCIENCE

Pear Piyapa Tantisirivat 1005

Introduction
Do you ever heard that oil cannot mix with water? This happens because of bonding of
atoms which are the smallest substances that make up the elements. It causes them to become
polar or non-polar substances. The bonding occurs because every atom wants to be stable so
they are reacted chemically and bond with each other. There are two type of bonds, that is,
ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic bonds are formed when atoms transfer electrons to another,
thus forming oppositely charged ions that attract one another. When the bond is formed,
atoms become fully charged due to the loss or gain of electron. Another type of bonds is polar
covalent bonds. There are two types of covalent bonds, which is polar and non-polar. Nonpolar covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons equally. This can occur due to
the same identical elements or symmetrical shape. Another type is polar covalent bond. Polar
covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons unequally due to the electronegativity
which is the ability to attract the electrons toward itself. This causes the atom to become slightly
negative or positive charged. The charge from these bonding will determine if it will dissolve in
water or not. This can determine the type of mixture which is substances mix together too.
Water molecules are polar molecules so things that can dissolve in water have to have charges
like water too. Those substances that have charges have either ionic or polar-covalent bonds.
Since they dissolve in water, they are hydrophilic. There are also things that cannot dissolve in
water such as non-polar substance like oil. They are hydrophobic, meaning fear of water.
Although non-polar substance like oil cannot dissolve in polar substance like water, but
there are necessary for our routine life to make it dissolve with each other. For example, we use
oil to cook food. When we have to clean those pots and pans that we use to cook, only water
cannot make them clean. In order to remove oily substances, we have to use emulsifier whose
molecules have both polar(hydrophilic) and non-polar(hydrophobic) ends. The emulsifier
changes a heterogeneous mixture which is the state that something that cannot mix and
separate from each other into a homogenous mixture which is the substance that blends into
one or make it dissolve into each other.
In our daily life, we see many emulsions such as cream and milk. Some of emulsion is
inedible while others are safe to eat. One of the important edible emulsions is mayonnaise.
Mayonnaise is emulsion which is a combination of lime juice which is polar substance and oil
which is non polar stance. In this experiment we use egg yolk as the emulsifier to mix oil and
lime juice together. The purpose of this experiment is to see how egg yolk make lime juice
which is a polar substance blend with oil which is non-polar substance in order to create
mayonnaise.

Material

Egg yolk

Oil

Lime juice

Mustard

Sour cream

Parsley

Salt

Sugar

Cracker

Crab stick

Spoon

Cup

Round bowl

Plate

Whisker

Procedure
1

Put egg yolks inside round bowl and whisk it roughly


2

Put the mustard in and whisk till both egg yolk and mustard blend
with each other
3

Add in oil very slowly while continue whisk as the same speed. Add until you
get the amount of the mayonnaise that you