The list contains 10 factors which consists of 5 motivation factors (recognition, advancement,

responsibility, achievement and the work itself) and 5 hygiene factors (employer/organization
policy, salary, relationship, supervision and working condition). The 10 items were based on
the study by Mehboob, Bhutto, Azhar and Butt (2009). Respondents were asked to indicate
the influence of each of these 10 factors on their job satisfaction using the 3 points Likert
scale referred above in the question. None of the respondents know about the Herzbergs
Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Further, the 10 items were randomly arranged in the list (there
were no indication which one belongs to motivation factors and which one belongs to
hygiene factors. This study is designed in such a way to investigate what constitute
motivation. If Herzbergs Theory is correct and can be generalized to other situation, the
findings will show that the Immigration Department officers will answer that recognition,
advancement, responsibility, achievement and work itself highly influence their job
satisfaction whilst the hygiene factors do not influence their job satisfaction. This will
therefore shows that Herzbergs theory is right. However, if the answers shows that only
some of the five motivation factors above highly influenced job satisfaction or if there is any
of the hygiene factors (employer/organization policy, salary, relationship, supervision and
working condition) that highly influenced job satisfaction, it shows that Herzberg theory
cannot be generalized to other situation. Instead, what constitute motivation will depend on
the circumstances of the case and it is possible that what Herzberg thought as hygiene factors
in his experiment can also be regarded as motivation factors based on findings of other
researchers experiments.
3.3

Conclusion

This study has been designed in such a way that the findings will either confirm or reject
Herzberg Motivation-Hygiene Theory. According to some researcher, Herzberg theory is only
true with regards to its experiment whilst in other experiments, researchers found that
motivation is very subjective and what Herzberg thought were hygiene factors in his study
were found to be motivation factors in other researchers study. In the following Chapter 4,
the researcher will discuss the analysis and findings of this study.