THE GLOBE

January - February 2016

Student Writings from IEI

WRITING ONE
My Trip
Weekend Plans

By Mohammed Alghayab (Saudi Arabia)

By Nada Alzahrani (Saudi Arabia)

I took a trip to Washington, D.C. I went there on

January 1st, 2016. I went because I planned to study in
Nashville. I traveled by airplane.
My travel was good. I arrived at 12 P.M. I saw
Washington Monument. I walked next to the White
House. I ate Arabic food for lunch in the restaurant Al
Deerah.
I returned home in December 2016. I was
happy to be back home. My trip to Washington, D.C.
was good.

On the weekend, I and my friends are going to go to

the park. Each one of us is going to bring with us
anything, like tea, candy, or coffee. We are going to
make BBQ. My husband likes to make BBQ. We are
going to make rice and play with the children. After that,
we are going to go to Wal-Mart and buy milk, tomatoes,
and water. After that, I am going to go my house, take a
shower, clean my home, and sleep.

My Classroom

My Classroom

By Mashael Alzaid (Saudi Arabia)

By Faizah Alshammari (Saudi Arabia)

My classroom B is in I.E.I. I am studying writing.

In the classroom, there are Hania, Mashael, Faizah,
Mohammed, and Nada. The classroom is smaller than
my grammar classroom. There are 2 windows, 12
chairs, 2 maps, 7 desks, and 1 T.V. I go to classroom B
at 3:00 P.M.
In conclusion, the classroom is good and I like
it.

This is about my classroom for reading. I like

this classroom because the students are reading books
and relaxing and listening to music. The people are not
talking in the classroom. The people in the classroom
are mostly from Saudi Arabia and China.

WRITING TWO
By Sara Valenzuela Gonzalez (Colombia)

Important Moments in My Life

My family is very important for me because we

live together in Bogota, Colombia. We meet in our
houses on different days. For example, we meet for
birthdays, weddings, baby showers, weekends, bridal
showers, and others.
My family and I like to watch TV and travel to
different cities in Colombia and the U.S. But sometimes
we stay in our yard and play Wii like dancing or playing
guitar with my cousins. We also cook different food.
In conclusion, I love my family and miss these
moments a lot. However, now I will study English in the
U.S. for a long time, because this is very important for
my life.

By Yury Margarita Amaya (El Salvador)

I have three important moments in my life. The
first was when I saw my husband the first time. I was 19
years old. I always say, he came in the right moment
exactly. Before we got married, we talked on the phone
for six months, and then he asked me, I want you to be
my girlfriend. Then we got married, and came a
moment I will always remember: my first baby, a boy.
When I saw his face, I felt I didnt need anything more. I
was the happiest woman in the world. My son always
remembers whats important in life and gives thanks to
God. After years, I got pregnant again. I had a girl. She
is daddys baby girl. She is full of love, always very
happy in the house. My kids are my life, I cant have any
problem but only see them and dont care about
anything else. Every day I say to my God, Thank you
for everything. We are a small family because we are
happy. We are not a perfect family; they are always
problems, but we look for a solution and the most
important thing is we have love. They accept my
defects. It is not necessary to be rich to be happy. I
have a healthy family; my kids are well, and my
husband, too.

How I Feel in the United States

By Khaled Aljulayfi (Saudi Arabia)
I feel happy in the United States. I live in
Nashville, Tennessee. All people are friendly. America is
bigger than my country. Many people in my country like
American restaurants. My family is happy because I
study in America. I want to speak English well. I will
study at TSU University. I want a good job. I love life in
the United States.

A Rescue
By Norah Alsubaie (Saudi Arabia)
One day my brother was with his friend. They
were playing at the beach. After that, my brother didnt
find his friend. He looked for him and he saw him
drowning. He went to him for his rescue. Then, he got
him out onto the beach. He worked on him to breathe.
Then, he went to the hospital because he wanted him to
warm up slowly.

Activities with My Family

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My Favorite Food
By Almaha Alfadhel (Saudi Arabia)
My favorite food is green vegetables and fruit,
like bananas. This is because it is good food for my
health. I also like seafood like fish and shrimp. I eat
seafood three days a week. I like rice to cook with meat
or chicken. Fish gives food a good taste, and smiles to
everyone who eats it.

If I Had $50,000
By Lama Almahmood (Saudi Arabia)
I will start a business and then make more
money if I have a lot of money. I will buy a farm and
animals: chickens, cows, camels, and sheep. Then I
can buy eggs, milk, meat, vegetables, and fruit. Next, I
will buy a plane for myself because then I can go
anywhere anytime. I will buy a big house in Switzerland,
as well as a big boat.

WRITING THREE
By Yusuf Khoja (Saudi Arabia)

My Car, My Most Prized Possession

I went on a wonderful trip to with my sister and

my brother. We
went to
Knoxville,
Tennessee. In
Knoxville we
saw a beautiful
waterfall. It
was amazing! I
liked looking at
the rushing
water pass by,
and listening to the sounds as the water came down.
For me it was a wonderful experience of beauty and
peace.

By Oksana Honcharuk (Ukraine)

I have a car that I love. First, It is very
comfortable. The car is small, and black. It is easy to
drive and very fast! I got my car seven months ago. My
husband bought it for me. I drive the car every day. I
enjoy it very much. I thank my husband for buying this
car for me.

My Five Year Plan

By Carina Martinez (Honduras)
In the next five years I want to speak English
perfectly. The reason is because I want to have three
children, and I want to communicate well with their
teachers. Also, I want to work in a school for special
needs children, and later I want to establish a
foundation for special needs children in Honduras.
Finally, I would like to live in New York for one year.

My Most Prized Possession

The Waterfall

By Quingzhi Lou (China)

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This is a true story. My most prized possessions

are my friends. Everybody wants to have friends.
Friends can make anybody happy. If you ask me who is
this friend, I can tell you. Ive known him since I was a
child. He is a really nice guy. We help one another if we
need help.
During my childhood, I did not think he was a
smart guy. I also thought that he was helpful to people
in order to get something in return. I was wrong. He
really wasnt like that. He really is a good and generous
guy.

What I Want in the Next Five Years

By Ali Alshwikh (Saudi Arabia)
Everyone has goals in this life. Its good to achieve
the goals we dream of. Personally, I have too many
goals that I dream about. The best one for me is to get
a great job and have a wonderful family. Also, I am
planning to buy a great house to live in. A good step to
achieve this is to have my own business in my home
country that will support me. In short, I believe that with
determination, nothing is impossible.

WRITING FOUR
Eating at Home or Eating in a Restaurant
Ibraheem Alalwan (Saudi Arabia)
The cooking at home is better because there are two reasons that is best for me: healthy and delicious. When
you cook something, you can put every thing you want. Many people like to eat in a restaurant, for they like it fast food.
But I love to cook in my home. This is very healthy for me. I dont add more oil, then I chose what I about cooking to me.
When I cook any thing, Im exiting and enjoy for that. That's awful delicious for my family and me. They are not
expensive but in the restaurant, food is very bad. They cant change oil every day. The cooking in my home doesnt
worry about time or what to do about it. In conclusion, cooking at home is necessary for me. I have every product at
home. I am comfortable about it. That is very healthy for my physical.

My City and Nashville

R.A. (Saudi Arabia)
I am from Dammam. I came to Nashville in 2011 to study. It is a beautiful city. However, my city and Nashville
are different in three different ways: school, traffic, and weather.
The ending times of my city and Nashville are different. In my city people come home early from school, but
here people come four hours later. In Nashville, boys and girls can study together. On the other hand, in my city, boys
and girls study separately. In Nashville, people take a music class, but in my city, people can't take a music class.
Additionally, there are lots of traffic differences. In Nashville, a women can drive a car, but in my city women
can't drive a car. My city doesn't have public transportation come on the time. However, Nashville the public
transportation drive fast at any time on the highway.
There are also differences between the weather in my city and Nashville. Through the year, my city has only two
seasons: summer and winter. In the summer, we have a lot of moisture, and it's very hot. In the winter, we have a lot of
fog, and it is cloudy. Also, in Nashville, a lot of snow falls. In addition, during fall, a lot of leaves fall.
In conclusion, weather, traffic, and school are three differences between my city and Nashville. I like both cities
when I am living in them, for they are both different and fun to explore.

Shopping online and Shopping in the Store

Hector Alvarez (Mexico)
There are the same and different between in shopping online and the store. When people want to buy
something, they can find both for online and store because people can see the same for internet the same thing they
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want to buy the store. But the different between online and store is when people buy online, they can stay at home,
school, office and the park, because people can take their cellular then look at something they want to buy. But when
people go to buy something in a store, they need to take car, bus, or walk for find many things. I think shopping online
and shopping in a store both have good decision for people to have better to buy because both have good things to
shopping.

Shopping
Danah Alajmi (Saudi Arabia)
Everybody likes to go shopping. Some people like to shop online, some people like to go shopping in stores. There are
two differences between shopping online and shopping at store: Time, and price.
These days shopping online is more popular than shopping at store. Because when we shop online, it does not take
long time to get what we want, yet when we go to the mall to get something, we might want to take long time. Because
of that, I prefer to shop online to get my items quickly.
Now we also have many websites to shop online, and the people like to shop by the websites because the price is
cheaper than the stores. We can get the items online the same quality in store but the price is cheaper. We can get any
items at a good price and good quality.
In sum, shopping online or in stores are good, and in both ways we can get what we need. In my opinion, I
prefer to shop online because I can save my time and my money.

Shopping
N.H (Saudi Arabia)
Shopping is the best activity you can do it. There are many choices for shopping. We can go to the mall. Also,
we can stay at home and shop online. There are two differences between shopping in the store or online: quality and
time.
Quality is very important if you want to buy something. Shopping online cant show you the quality of something
you want to buy especially clothes. However, if you go to the mall, you can see the quality yourself. You can even touch
it and see if it is high or not.
Most people wont spend time shopping. Shopping online can save you time. Stay at home, go online, and order
what you want. Shopping online it is very easy than going out to look of it. Even though it is more fun for some people to
go shopping in the store. It will absolutely more time.
As you can see, shopping online and going to store are fun for us to do, even if they are different in quality and
time.

Shopping Online to Shopping in Store

Truyen Huynh (Vietnam)

Vacation Time or School Time

by Yousef (Saudi Arabia)
What is the best way to spend your time? Do you prefer free time or school time? There are many differences
between vacation time and school time including the activities, schedule, and mood.
First, vacation time is a wonderful time. In the vacation time, I have free time so I can do everything such as travel
around the world, play all the time, and sleep for a long time. The schedule is free time, and I can do anything. For
example, I can sleep a long time and play for short time. During this time my mood is free, amazing, and beautiful.
Second, my school time is much different than my free time. For example, I must do homework and study every day. I
dont have free time, maybe I just have a short time. Also, I have activities in the school like make groups, work together,
and help with your friends in classes. The schedule has a time system. For example, wake up early, have lunch break,
do homework, and study more. My mood is tired, but sometimes happy.
In conclusion, vacation time and school time are very different. The vacation time is different than school time. The
vacation time has free time and you can spend your time playing, traveling, and meeting relatives. In the school time we
dont have free time. Both are great, just different.

Car Or Airplane
by Abdullah Loohy (Saudi Arabia)
What is the best way to travel? Do you agree to travel by the car or airplane? There are a lot of differences
between the car and airplane. For example, time, freedom, and comfort.
First, some people like to travel by car because they can control their time. They can stop where ever they want. If
they find some places, they can stop and enjoy their time and take some pictures. An example of that is when I was in
my country, I liked to travel from my city to another city by my car because I could do what ever I wanted such as stop to
eat something or to take a rest when I felt tired. On the other hand, the people who like to travel by airplane can save
more time than the people who travel by the car, and they will not waste any time on the road. Also, they will arrive early
and they will enjoy every moment in their trip. For example, sometimes when I need to travel for a few days, I will choose
the airplane to save time.
Second, another difference is freedom. Some people like to be free. They like to do what they need. The people
who like to travel by car can do everything they want like smoke, and talk on the phone. However, the people who like to
travel by the airplanes can have a little freedom. They can only watch movies, sleep, or play games. For example, when
I travel I will choose traveling by my car because I can smoke and listen to music.
Third, another thing I need to talk about traveling is comfort. Some people think the car is comfortable, but other
people think it is not comfortable because they think people who feel comfortable in the car must focus when they drive.
Also, the people who feel comfortable on the airplane like to relax and sleep. Furthermore, for some people who smoke,
I do not think they feel comfortable in the airplane. Like me, I can not stop smoking for a long time.
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In conclusion, the people who are traveling should think about what the best way to travel is. They have different
opinions about the time, freedom, and comfort. All the people travel by what they like. You should travel by what you like
to enjoy your travel.

Success
by Roaa (Saudi Arabia)
Success is important in human life. That gives many chances to have a great life. Success is a dream for most
people. However, successes are different between people. When you want be successful in your life, you should have
will power to arrive to your dreams. The types of successes can be in our job, school, and success in a new language.
First, success in job is to supplement your future to be better. Many people like to succeed in their work. That will
develop their work to a higher level. For example, when an employee works hard, they can be the head or boss of a
company. Also, they can improve their living from salary. For instance, most bosses have a good physical condition, they
may have houses that belong to them.
Second, of the greatest moments are success in school. That has made you and your family proud. Furthermore,
the success in school can open future doors for you. For example, when I finished high school, many doors opened for
me, the first door was when I came to USA to complete my university. However, success in school can make your future
including when you choose the best major for you.
The last point, learning a new language might be more successful to have many reasons. Also, that will give you a
new idea about another experience. For example, when you travel to any other country, you are able to know new
information about this country. Moreover, it helps you to have work more easily and access in university since several
universities want a second language.
In short, success is the greatest important thing for people. That can be the key to the doors of your future. Also,
people have a nice life with successes including when they succeed in their job, school and in a new language.

Truth Of Beauty
by Sarah (Saudi Arabia)
God is beautiful and loves beauty. Beauty can come from inside or the outside. Most people know that beauty is
things so amazing and that changes our feeling to be better. There are several beautiful things including people,
environment, and art.
First, the beauty can come from people, whether inside or outside. There many true emotions that people give to
you like honesty, generosity, and many other things. This is a good behavior. For example, when I was talking with my
friends about something so important for my truth, my friends will believe me. If they think I am a liar, it will affect our
friendship or relationship. Beauty is not just someone who has too much make up on or wears really nice clothes.
Another example of beauty is the people that will do anything to make the world a wonderful place for the future and
teach students to improve their skills and help achieve their goals, too, such as volunteers and teachers at lEI.
Second, another type of beauty can also come from our environment. Everyone wants to have beautiful nature in
our countries because nature pleases us when it flourishes. It is a sign of harmony and health. If nature is sick and
dying, it is no longer beautiful just like a human. The nature is important in our life to see how trees, flowers, and other
things grow. Many people cannot find it. Nature helps using many ways such as giving us our food and various other
things. Moreover, a lot of people want travel to tourist places to look at beautiful things. An example of this is Cheekwood
in Nashville and the Eiffel Tower in Paris. These beautiful places are so amazing to visit.
Third, another common beauty can also come from art. A few individuals discover magnificence in workmanship.
For example, in canvas, music, or poetry. It is wonderful to them since it gives them satisfaction and joy. At the point
when you sing a melody or anything extraordinary for individuals or finish something for yourself, that makes you feel
exceptionally well. Likewise, I think all individuals like tuning in to some type of music. For instance, established music,
popular music, or any type of music. When you hear something you like, you can feel relieved any place you want.
In conclusion, in life, people, environment, and art, you can find beauty anywhere because God gives us this
beauty to give us value in our lives. It makes us feel amazing and great. To me, beauty is simply in the eye of the
beholder.
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Education
by Abdelaziz (Saudi Arabia)
In 1945, after the second World War, Japans scientists thought to put a good plan for their people. All countries
want to be the best with education because education is very important for people. All countries want to be the best with
education because if any country focuses on the education, it will be the best country. Also, the more children study, the
more intelligent they become due to the fact that they will have a lot of knowledge. Education systems around the world
differ greatly. There are many differences between schools in my country and in the U.S. such as the quality of teachers,
the educational environment, and the programs of study..
First, teachers are very important in the education process, because they will make good students or bad
students. In Arabic culture, we have a good wisdom. It is If someone lost something, he cant give it to you. Like
teachers, if they are good teachers or they have high experience, they will make good students. In my opinion, teachers
have to have good experience and high education. In my country, all people who want to be a teacher have to study for
four years in the college, and they have to practice for three or four months. After that, they must take an exam before
they teach, and then they can be teacher. In the U.S., I think it has the same rules. However, there is one thing different.
Teachers in the U.S. can be women or men and all of them can teach girls and boys. Moreover, Saudi Arabia takes the
system of United States. However, the big problem is when they do the system.
Second, the educational environment is different. It is necessary that countries care about making a good
educational environment. In my country, we have a bad educational environment! There are some schools that have
been teaching their students in a house building and some classes that were in a bathroom before they changed them to
be class rooms. We do not have a smart board or any thing to improve the education. On the other hand, if someone
studies in the U.S., he will study in a good educational environment because the U.S. believes that if it wants to improve
its education, it has to focus on the educational environment. For example, it built a good building to make studying easy
for its students. Also, it uses technology. For example, students can use a computer in the computer lab, and they have
some classes with a smart board.
Finally, there are many scientists who studied every age of a person, and they arrived to the conclusion that for
every age that a person lives in, it has different needs. As a result, they put good study programs that suit every age of a
person. Furthermore, both Saudi Arabia and U.S. takes the theories of scientists, but the big problem is who does that
and how the quality of the work is. In addition, who is doing that very perfectly. On the other hand, who does not care
about doing the theories very well like my country.
In conclusion, if any developing country wants to be an advanced country, it has to work hard to improve its
school. Specifically, they have to look at the quality of teachers, educational environment, and study programs. In my
opinion, the U.S. is better than Saudi Arabia with interest in the quality of education. This is why I am here.

Education
By Nada (Saudi Arabia)
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Do you know education can change our life? Education is an important goal for our future. They are many
definitions to define education. One of them is the process of using our mind to improve our knowledge and develop our
skills. There are many benefits of education in school, friendship, and media.
First, there are benefits of education in school. The education gives me a lot of information and culture to develop
myself. Acquiring skills and knowledge help me to learn the basic skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic. It ensures a
bright future. I will get a better job, and I will live happy in my life. For example, when I was in High School, I learned
religion. The education helped me to know everything about my religion and gave me more knowledge about it. For
example, when I was a child, I didnt know anything about my religion, but now I know the things I need to do every day
like praying. Also, education helps me to get my second language. I am still learning English, but after a few months, I
will be better in the English language.
Second, we can get benefits of education in friendship. The education makes me a better friend. When I choose a
good friend, you have to be a true friend and be honest. If I bring confidence for myself, I can achieve any goal in my life.
For example, when I was in High School, I had a hard time in my life. My friend came to me. The friend gave me
encouragement, support, and advice.
Third, there are benefits of education in media. The education spreads awareness. I can spread a good deal of
awareness and good ideas. It makes relationships when I use the Internet, I can talk with any person in the world. It
teaches how to use the electronic devices. For example, when I have free time, I can use media for entertainment.
In conclusion, education is an important tool achieve goals. We can get benefits from education from school,
friendship, and media. In the future, when I complete my education, I will be happy in my life.

Control of Passion
by Abdlalah (Saudi Arabia)
Whats the thing that can make a person do something without stopping or even without planning? I think we have
heard about motives or emotions of maximum levels about this feeling. It's called a passion. The passion means to be
interested in something with continuing to act and keep going like a madman, if he doesnt control himself . There are
more than one area or idea in this life. We can find this quality, especially for me, in learning and discovery, voluntary
work, and social media.
First, many people love to learn and discover to improve their minds, life, and their home country . There are a lot
of inventors like DaVinci, a lot of authors like Ibn Sina, and a lot of scholars. For example, one of the most famous
scientists named Marie Curie died because of learning about the passion caused for her. Also, a lot explorers like
Columbus. Even he discovered a new land without knowing that it's a new land. The passion motivates those people
and others to do something special. These examples clearly show a passion for learning.
Second, another situation of passion is a voluntary work. Anyone who walks or goes this way, really..really won't
be able to stop. Because every one has a power to change or help somebody, so we can use this way to improve what
we have. Voluntary work gives a person a sense of happiness beginning for himself and others. For example, scout
life has a lot of voluntary work such as helping people in an environmental disaster or wars without money, a fee, or a
gift. Why? A passion for volunteer work paid them by doing that.
Third, another situation of passion is a social media. It's a kind of connection with people or relations. A lot of
people like to use Twitter and Facebook. That's ok, but sometimes the passion turns into mania because of these
technologies. If used the wrong way, like just to follow someone to be famous by anyway or feel sad if someone doesnt
talk or give a like to him. We have a problem in that time. So the best way to use those technologies is to do good
deeds, and just good deeds. For example, Hackers. In the world of social media, we will find the vandals who love to
harm people. They are called Hackers. So a person who has a passion for social media should fight Hackers instead of
platitudes.
To sum up, a passion may be a good thing or bad toward anyone. Like learning, someone can learn something
good or bad. Also voluntary work and social media. In my suggestion, according to learning, spend your money to take
a new course or new skills. Also, about voluntary work, try to visit at a scout center in Nashville or in your country.
Finally, about social media, organize your time for things that are more important.
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A Successful Life
by Ana (Honduras)
Who doesnt want to be successful? Maybe everybody, but it is not that easy. Some people just say that they want
to be successful, but they never work for the success. If we really want to be successful every day, we have to work
hard, because we are what we do not what we say that we are going to do. To achieve success, you have to work hard
and never give up. There are many different ways in life to be successful including studying, being perseverant, and
being a good friend.
First, success can be achieved by studying. If you are not consistent in studying, you will not learn. For example, if
you have a test in science and dont study, you will fail the test. Therefore, you will not be successful. Part of doing
homework is reaching a goal, and the reason for doing homework is for practice. The more you practice, the more you
know the material, and the more you reach your goal, you are successful.
Second, another way to be successful is thorough perseverance. One way to persevere is to not be afraid of
failure. Being strong and patient are also keys to perseverance. For instance, I just started taking piano lessons. I was
not sure if I would be able to play. I told myself that i would not be afraid. During the week, while practicing, I have to be
strong and patient when I make mistakes. In athletics, jobs, school and relationships, perseverance is very important.
Third, I believe that communication is critical for success in friendship. One way to be a great friend is to listen, It
doesnt matter if it is something important or not. If you listen to your friends, they will listen to you. Maybe you are the
only one that listens to that person. There is another way to be successful in friendship, always be there, There will be
ups and downs. Never leave. Always be there. Furthermore, many people think that their true friends are the ones that
they go out and have fun with, but when the hard times come and they are still here, this is when you know it is a true
friendship.
In conclusion, you can be successful in studying, perseverance and friendship if you follow all of this advice.
Success depends on you.

EDUCATION
Rasha Shafi (Saudi Arabia)
Education improves society. Education is the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at
school and university. There are many kinds of education such as elementary and middle school, high school, and
university.
First, education in elementary and middle school begins at age 6 to 14 years old. The children progress in nine
stages from first grade to eighth grade. Elementary and middle schools teach children the basics of reading and writing.
Moreover, the children learn math and science, but it is simplified.
Second, high school starts at 15 years old. The high school prepares children to enter university. High has three
levels. Children in high school study many subjects, including mathematics, physics, and science. Moreover, art and
sports are important for children because art and sports develop mental skills.
Thread, university is crucial for person .The are many industries such as computers, physics, chemistry, and
management. Studying in university can be distance education or on campus. University has three degrees: bachelor,
masters, and PhD.

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In conclusion, there are different kinds of education including elementary and middle school, high school, and
university. Education is crucial in every place and time. Additionally, the education does not stop at a specific age.
Parents must provide good education for their children to live a good, happy life.

WRITING FIVE
The Reasons and Effects of Choosing a Tiny House
By Susana Zamora (Chile)
As time goes by major cities get more and more crowded, but people still dont change their
perception about how their ideal house has to be. The American dream, which refers to having a big house,
is now obsolete. Theres no need for a couple or small family to live in a big house. Research has shown that
from 1973 to 2013 the average house measure has grown more than 1,000 square feet (Schmill). The
average American house has a size of 2,600 square feet, in comparison to an average tiny house which is
about one seventh part of this (What Is). People have to have a new perspective to whats important in life
and recognize that there is no need in having things you dont require. If you choose living in a tiny house this
will fulfil your requirements and benefit you in three main points: your style of living will become more
efficient, you will benefit the environment, and you can customize your house however you want.
The major effect of having a big house is that it is bad for the environment. According to Dirima
Cuthbert, researcher from Masters of Environmental Design, University of Western Australia, to construct a
big house demands a lot of energy on its process. An example of this is the energy needed to produce the
building material, and the energy needed to make the building machines work. Also, people will need to use
more energy in their quotidian life. An example of this is the energy needed to light up, to cool or heat the
space. And this energy needed will sometimes be a waste because in big houses there are a lot of rooms and
spaces that people dont use. Cuthbert also states that society has made us believe that owning a big house
is a sign of success and achievement of life goals (Orr). People also tend to be unhappy and stressed living
in big houses because of all the hard work that is needed to maintain a big house, such as paying the
mortgage or keeping it clean and organized.
Having a big house is bad for the environment and for peoples mental health. Instead of having a lot
of rooms for different purposes, a solution is to have one multifunctional room, or you can say a Tiny House.
Downsizing to a small house will require developing a new way of living, where all you need can fit in a house
of 400 square feet or less. There are 3 benefits of choosing to downsize your home.
One reason why people live in a tiny house is the efficiency. If people have less space to live, they will
also have less space to have things. An effect of this will be that they will consume less and own a small
amount of physical goods. As the space is smaller and they are consuming less, their bills will also be lower,
which means that they will have less debts. In the process of building a small house, the materials needed
and land space will also be lower; therefore, the house will be more affordable, not only in the buying price
but also in the maintenance and daily living. Also, you have less space housekeeping and space organization
becomes an easier task. As people don't have space for a lot of things, they end up buying less. As a result
11

of all this lower consumption and maintenance, people end up having more time and money for other aspects
of life, such as family, health, entertainment and career. When you start spending less, you start having more
money and more free time; consequently, you also start having more energy to do the things you may not
have had the time or money to do before, such as exercising and traveling (Living).
Another important reason is the concern for the environment. As I stated before, there is less energy
needed in the construction and the maintenance of a small house; thus, a smaller carbon footprint.
Nowadays, with the acknowledge of global warming, people are realizing the real damage that they can
cause to the planet, and they have started to have more awareness about the subject. In relation to the
previous reason, as people have less possessions, there is also less trash and things to recycle. Another way
people help the environment in tiny houses is that they put on solar panels; as the energy required is low, the
solar panels can fulfil with no problems the amount needed.
The last reason why they choose to live in a tiny house is that they can customise it however they
want according to their needs. If the family has no plans of staying in the same place, they can build their
house on a mobile platform, so if they need to move to another place, they can bring their house with them. A
small house is cheaper to add all of your preferences than if you were trying to customize a big house. If
some people prefer to decorate their house in a luxurious way or in any other specific design way, it will be
less affordable in a big house. A solution is that they can move to a tiny house and add all of the details they
want. To customize a tiny house the way you want is much more achievable because it is faster to built and
cheaper.
To sum up, our planet is suffering from global warming, and as the world becomes more globalized,
more people are moving to big cities to work, and with this comes the dream of owning a big house, which
harms the environment and the people. It harms the environment because of the growth in the pollution
amount. And it harms people as the prices of houses increase, and they have to work more to afford them,
ending in being stressed and consuming things they dont need in order to fulfil social expectations. To end
this, people are acquiring the tiny house type of living, mainly for three reasons: the efficiency of owning a tiny
house, their concern for the environment and the fact that the house is customizable. I believe that
downsizing is a good way to reduce energy waste, but what I think is the best part of tiny houses is the space
efficiency. Our ancestors didn't live in big houses. A big house is a modern belief of what the place you live
should look like. There is no need to follow what society says is right. For me, people should only have what
they need and not try to demonstrate their success to others.
Works Cited
Living the Good Life: How Our Tiny House Allowed Us to Create Our Dream Life. Tinyhousebuild.
2016. Web. 9 November 2015.
Orr, Aleisha. Researcher: Bigger Homes Are a Waste of Space. Domain. n.d. Web. 1 March 2012.
Schmill, John. Why Tiny House Living Isn't Always the Frugal Choice. USNews. 2016. Web. 9
October 2015.
What Is The Tiny House Movement? Thetinylife. 2015. Web. n.d.

12

The Effects and Causes of Wars

By Hussain Koraisha (Saudia Arabia)
War and ruination go hand and hand. War brings nothing but negativity and misfortune to a country, such as
World War one and World War two were two of the biggest wars in history, so at the end of those wars. The most
important causes for war were gaining oil fields, acquiring land, and religious power; however, the effects are pollution to
the environment and buildings destroyed.
Countries that don't have oil usually start wars and attack countries that have oil because if they get the oil, they
will improve economically. For instance, during the war between Iraq and Kuwait, the leader of Iraq commanded an
attack to steal Kuwaits oil, but Iraq lost the war, and they did not take the oil from Kuwait. Therefor, small counties that
have oil attracted by big countries that have ability for war.
Acquiring land is not that easy to do. You have to start a war with that land to earn it. They look for the country
that does not have a strong army, and they have to see if the geographical location is good to earn. For example, the
war between Palestine and Israel started many years ago, and I have read about this war, so the reason for this war was
the Jews did not have a country to live in. They wanted to have a country then they have chose Palestine because its
geographical location was suitable, and they got help from England. They occupied many cities from Palestines land.
The United Nations has issued more resolutions demanding Israel complying with international law than any other global
issue, but it was useless. The United Nations requested Israel retreat from land that was occupied by them UN
Resolutions. That is why countries start war with other countries, because of the geographical location.
Another cause of wars is religion. Usually those wars happen because of discrimination between people. For
example, the French wars between 1562 and 1598 were between Protestants and French Catholic. The war began from
protestants because they wanted freedom and civil rights. At the end of the war, they got freedom and civil rights. There
are a lot of countries they have more than one religion, and they live peacefully.
The causes of wars are gaining oil fields, acquiring land, and religious power. On the other hand, the effects are
pollution of the environment and buildings destroyed.
The contamination of the environment is unhealthy and harmful. Pollution might lead to death. For instance,
when the war started between Iraq and Kuwait, the soldiers of Iraq polluted the sea with oil, so that made all life in the
sea die. Also the armies of ancient Rome and Assyria wanted surrendering their on enemies, so they planted salt into
the cropland of their foes, making the soil useless for farming. Military cars consume petroleum, so it affect the
environment by nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and sulfur dioxide in addition to CO2Environmental Costs. It is
important to live in a clear environment for people and also for animals.
People are looking for places to live, but war makes buildings be destroyed. People can not live without houses
or any type of place that can protect them from bad weather and wars. For example, today people who are from Syria do
not have houses to protect them. There are a lot of people who die from war, and they can not live in their houses
because they are not guaranteed they will live there or not.
In war, everything changes, and life is more difficult than before. The causes for war are gaining oil fields,
acquiring land, and religious power; nevertheless, the effects are pollution to the environment and buildings
destroyed.Countries can solve their problem without war, and the victims are innocent people.

Work Cited
Environmental Costs. Watsonbrownedu. 2016. Web. n.d.
US Resolution. Ampalestineorg. 2011. Web. 20 December 1990.

13

Why People Are Poor

By Mukhlisa Shamansurova (Uzbekistan)
Almost half the world is poor. The reasons are, their personalities and their living areas. In my opinion, poorness
has three causes and three effects, which are very common. In this time more common causes are laziness,
unmanageable, and unemployment.
Laziness is like a disease. If people start to be lazy, they cant stop being lazy. They want to live in poverty to
get money from the government. Furthermore, unmanageable people can give up very easily. For example, drunk
people and uncertain people dont try to reach their goals. Everyone has personal goals, but lazy and unmanageable
people cant reach their goals. The reason is one, they think its impossible. They are people with weak personalities.
Poor people believe they are creatures of circumstance. Because of this, life happens to them. Rich people believe they
are creators of circumstance. Because of this, they create opportunities within their life (10 Reasons ). Also, to be
poor can affect unemployment; no job, no money! Causes like laziness and being unmanageable can affect to being
rich. Causes might change their outlook and thinking. Effects always can be different. For example, children of poor
families most of the time be mentally depressed. They can be sad or envier.
Effects can be changed outlooks and the level of thinking. For example, for them. The easiest way to earn
money is to be a beggar or fill out the application for not enough monthly income and earn money from the government.
However, it can affect their familys future. Their kids cannot study where they want, eat what they want, and do what
they want to do. The reason is not enough monthly income.
Also, poorness can hurt childrens feelings. If we compare between rich and poor kids, they are totally
different; Rich kids can study at private schools, go to the prestigious universities, and find gainful jobs. Poor children
cant do what they want. Therefore, if children have problems at a young age, their mood and outlook can aggravated.
For example, if they need money, they have to try, but how? Three ways to earn easy money are gambling , theft or
being a beggar because they grow up in this environment.
Furthermore, being poor may effect health. Poor Americans DNA is
declining in quality as a result of their difficult backgrounds, according to new research. Researchers examined 249
black, white and Mexican adults from poor class backgrounds in Detroit and found that those living in distressed urban
areas were more likely to suffer early aging-related disease and excess mortality(Journal of Health ).
Obviously, to be a poor depends on everyones personality. Being lazy and unmanageable can affect people
seriously; they can be poor for their whole life. Effects like a changed outlook, bad mood and their health can be
negative. One proverb is if you want to be a rich, dont be lazy and control yourself.

Works Cited
Vovchik, L.M . 10 Reasons Why People Are Poor: I Have No Money! n. d.web 2015
Troup Buchanan Rose. Poor Americans DNA is Declining as a Result of Poverty, New
Research Find. n. d.web. 12 May 2015.

Why Ineffectiveness Is Not a Big Deal

By Gabriel Ferrada (Chile)
Every day, we can observe people, coworkers, friends or neighbors with analogous duties and responsibilities like
us, and in contrast to our feeling of being tired and stressed, they look tired and show optimism. Common people,
businessman, educators and psychologist have seen the same situation and thought to find the difference; for instance,
an educator called Stephen Covey, based on his investigations and personal issues, published a book about the Habits
of Highly Effective People; those habits are common in the people who look unstressed and quiet; moreover, they are
14

successful in his accomplishment and continued on this way. With the objective to review how ineffectiveness might
affect life of the people involved, I will show you a few common issues connected with the opposite idea of Habits of
Highly Effective People. First, people can lose opportunities being reactive; second, people are incapable of organizing
by themselves, because they dont begin every day with the end in mind and third people dont know to place the first
thing first, as a result, cannot differentiate the urgent versus the important.
To begin with the first idea, people can lose many opportunities on his job because, they are satisfied only
observing how issues occur nearby; for example, workers and employees usually are on lazy mood, waiting his
coworkers support the job, giving ideas about improve the process in a factory, making the first movement in anything.
They dont keep in mind something completely certain, when the business decreases, companies need to resolve
economic issues and one of the first radical solutions is to reduce the hires. Managers surely choose who are proactive
to keep the work and fire the reactive person, just because in bad moments effectiveness and efficient work would be
needed more than other moments. If that person is able to realize about the real cause of his issue, may be, he will
change the attitude.
In addition, we can observe how employees in any office dont react when they observe issues, given warnings to
coworkers and exposed anyone to embarrassing situations, because they are not directly affected. A broken chair, a
malfunctioning printer or malfunctioning faucet may give to someone an unpleasant surprise, but when they are the
affected, only in that moment they reminded the situation too late. In other words, only when issues affect in a direct way
to us, they prompt to think of solution.
A Third situation is when look how people are unable to get best opportunities in the job, in the relationships, etc.,
because, they never took advantage of any free time in his work, and leave for the next day or next week the task to
make reports or complete data files, because that is something programed for precisely the next week. When the time is
over, and they keep working in that, the supervisor might request for free people, meaning without pending work to
attend, for example a training outside the office or enjoy in office time football games, basketball or bowling with
professionals from another company who wants to begin commercial business with your company; however, if they dont
have finished our work, they cant participate, losing the opportunity. Every day, the life place opportunities in front to us;
sometimes we dont see, because were busy finishing pending work. Being reactive, we will be always running behind
the opportunities.
People are incapable of organizing by themselves, because they dont begin every day with the end in mind;
starting every day without really thinking, what they expect as a result in the end of his shift, if we are talking about work.
A first example in a common office day, the workers begin to work on daily duties, looking for only the activities without
thinking in any plan or schedule about what is exactly the result they need for each one. At the end of the shift, you
might find some unclear results or many mistakes because you do not use a plan or schedule. There is a myth about the
time that we use in planning is lost time; in fact, the reality is opposite; time used in planning is time that will be justified
when we get good results in front of us.
Subsequently, some people chose options about work, studies, even in personal relationships without figuring out
if this is what they need, according to our necessities, personality, emotional state, skills, etc. Many professionals are
regretful about their jobs, because in the beginning, they couldnt choose what they really needed; sometimes we can
observe similar situations in the relationships of our friends or relatives. This situation is connected with something
important, our life plan, and we are not always able to choose the right option, because we have confusion between
what we want and what we really need; we dont have the end in mind. If we want the things occurring as we expected,
we first need to know ourselves and have clear the following quotation in mind: Seems so old-school. However, the
inarguable fact is there are always two creations to everything you see or experience. The first creation happens in your
mind - its where you envision what you want to accomplish. And the second is when you align your actions to your
imagination (Marcun); in other words, we created things in our mind first, and then we need to do this becoming reality.
In third place, people dont know to place the first thing first; as a result, they cannot differentiate the urgent versus
the important; sometimes because everybody has tasks we dont like or problems, people are in such a hurry, rushing to
work or back home, subordinating the important instead the urgent. A good example is when we dont know when to say
no. We accept anything coworkers or friends ask, distracting our focus. Most of the time, important matters are linked to
our goals, and if we dont have this clear, we directed our efforts to less important things, because those are more visible
than our objectives; on this way, we start to postpone the urgent instead to the important; as a result, instead to resolve
situations, which is our company expect from us, we become part of the problem, diminishing our credit in the company
and loosing reliability. To paraphrase Drucker, effective people don't solve problems - they pursue opportunities. They
feed opportunities and starve problems. They have genuine quadrant the emergencies, but by thinking and acting
preventively, they keep their number down (Simon & Schuster 5).
15

Another example, is applicable to the academic field or studies, we have many assignment and in natural way, our
attention is toward the easier first because it is quick to resolve; this gave to us a false sensation of accomplishing our
tasks, leaving those that need more energy to the end of the day; however, at this time, people in general are tired and
have difficult being focused; as a consequence we concluding our assignment whit poor results.
In conclusion, we have a lot of work to do, for grow as efficient people; however, it is fundamental to know why we
need to be efficient. We need to be efficient because being proactive instead of reactive, beginning every day with the
end in mind and placing the first thing first will have better results in our work and make a better use of time. We will
have more time to stay with our families or start to study for better grade that usually result in opportunities to get higher
salaries. By learning about ourselves and finding our goals, certainly our quality of life will change. We need to learn say
no to less important things, and as Peter Drucker has pointed out, the expression We have a constant amount of time,
no matter what we do; the challenge we face is to manage ourselves. To be an effective manager of yourself, you must
organize and execute around priorities (Simon & Schuster 5).

Work Cited
Marcum David.Begin with the End in Mind: The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Sales Leaders.
Web. Md. 2014. Web. nd.
Simon & Schuster. A Summary of the Bestselling Book by Stephen R. Covey. Web Md.
2015.Web nd.

Why People Choose Cycling

By Rafeq Jambi (Saudia Arabia)
Have you ever been in Stockholm? Stockholm is the most capital city in the world using bicycles the most, so
most people there use bicycles. Using bicycle has a lot of benefits, so people are using them. People like using bicycles
because of saving money, being healthy and avoiding pollution which affects economy, health and environment.
The high cost of gas is the first reason for using bicycles. As everybody knows, the cars gas price is not only
fluctuating but also increasing every year, so people use bicycle. Moreover, people who use bicycles dont have to
spend money every day like car drivers. According to some websites, the price of fuel might have a negative effect on
peoples finances (Ten Reasons). When people, for example, use a car, they have to pay for gas, oil, and even for
parking in some places. In sum, if people want to save their money, they should use bicycles bike in transportation.
The other reason of cycling is that people want to be healthy. To be healthy you should eat healthy food and do
sports, but the problem is people dont have enough time for sports, so people cant do sports; however, people do
sports while they work by using bicycle for their transportation, so they hit two things at the same time. Some studies
find in order to have more benefits from sports in short time that using bicycle is what people looked for (Baskind). For
example, my friend mark goes for his work by using a bicycle, so he invests his time doing sport and transit, and now he
has good fitness and a good body since he started using a bicycle. Clearly, cycling is good for people who dont have
enough time and want to be healthy.
Last but not least, people cycle in order to avoid pollution. Pollution is the worlds problem, so people who using
bicycle are helping to avoid pollution; in fact, cycling doesnt have exhaust which is making an air contaminate, but cars
do. According to some websites, cars are the main problem for the environment. Its the source of pollution
(Environmental Benefit). For example, car exhaust has many bad elements, such as carbon monoxide, dinitrogen
16

oxide, nitrogen oxide, and more; therefore, all of these elements are not good for the air. In sum, cycling is a friend of
environment.
Obviously, because of high gas prices, people wanting to be healthy and people wanting to inhabit pollution,
people use bicycles. Cycling has positive effects on many things on peoples lives, such as economy, health, and
environment.
The economy in general will increased, if people use bicycles; for example, in order to save money, you have to
laminate your expenses, that is not really necessary, and by using a bicycle instead of a car. It will let you meet your
goal; therefore, by this method you will save more money which you need. Also, the consumers numbers will increase,
and then the shoppers, too, so people can buy what they want by that money they saved. Also, the car market will be
down because people avoid using them.
Moreover, the health and environment will gain positive effect. The environment will be clean, and the air will be
fresh, for there is no car exhaust, and no oil on floor in the garages; in order to be healthy, you have to inhale fresh air
and drink clean water. Clearly the fresh air is important for humans and the environment; therefore, cycling might bring
this thing for humans and the earth. In sum, cycling is important for life.
In conclusion, people use bicycles for saving money, being healthy and avoiding pollution, and they are affecting
the economy, health and environment. If people are cycling, they will reach these points and enjoy the benefits. I would
rather be cycling than driving a car.

Work cited
Baskind, Chris. "12 Reasons to Start Using a Bicycle for Transportation." MNN. 1 Mar.
2010. Web. 09 Feb. 2016.
"Environmental Benefits of Biking." Environmental Benefits of Biking. N.p., n.d. Web. 09
Teen Reasons to Ride a Bicycle." - For Dummies. 2016. Web. 09 Feb. 2016.

Studying Abroad
By Faris Alharbi (Saudi Arabia)
Studying abroad is the most common thing about education in the world now. The country that has the most
foreign students is the United States. In addition, there are good universities such as Vanderbilt University and Harvard
University. There are three reasons why studying abroad is really common in the U.S.
First of all, learning English is the most important thing. Students should learn English because I assume
English that it is the first language in the world . English is the dominat business language ,and it has become almost
necessity for people to speak English (4 Reasons) .Furthermore, every country has begun to speak English. For
example, in Saudi Arabia every company requires employs to speak English because some employs speak English, so
English becomes necessary for everyone.
Culture is the second reason. Discovering new cultures help people to make friends with people form all over
the world. People should think through the culture which people are going to study in because learning the culture help
them to make friends . For example, I had no idea about America`s culture before coming to the U.S, so I had had hard
time making friends until I started learning about it like what`s rude and pilot .In addition, people had better learn culture
to avoid misunderstanding others.
The third reason is to find good education. Students are interested in going to a university which has a high
rank. The biggest qualification is in good connection. Those in the higher ranked universities have more opportunities to
form good connection of their professors and fellow students (Reiland).
All in all, studying abroad has become common because of three reasons . They are learning English,
discovering new culture and going higher ranked universities . These are the most common reasons why people like to
study outside of their country.

Works Cited
4 Reasons Why Learning English Is So Important .Esoe. 30 September 2013.Web. n.d.
17

Reiland, Rebert . Why Do People Insist That a Student Studying a High- Ranked University.
Quora . n.d. Web.n.d.

WRITING SIX
The Meaning of Happiness
Alawiyyah Alsaeedi (Saudi Arabia)
Happiness is one of the most important things that many people are looking for. However, there are different
ways that can help people to be happy. I believe that almost all people can achieve their happiness depending on their
meaning of it. Happiness has an important value, and to me it means family and being helpful.
One of the most essential things that assist me in building the meaning of happiness is my family. Having my
beautiful family means happiness for me. Whenever they are happy, happiness exists. How essential is it to have a
strong relationship with people? Our relationship with our family is key because they are the people who love us without
expecting to get any benefits from us. They love us with all of our flaws that make up our character. Basically, they are
one of the most important graces what we should be thankful for.
The second thing that makes me feel happy is being helpful. Jus the concept of being useful helps me to have
the feeling of happiness. How do we get that in a real life situation? Helping people without being asked is one of the
most important values that I attempt hard to have. For example, donating my old clothes that I would not use anymore to
poor people makes me feel satisfied about myself and helps me to shift my mood from sadness to happiness.
In conclusion, having a strong relationship with my family and being a useful person are the two values that
mean happiness to me. Additionally, there are uncountable meanings for happiness, and every person has their own
definition. To define happiness may help them to obtain it and be happy people.

18

Homeschooling
Faisal Althumayri (Saudi Arabia)
Homeschooling is when the parents choose to educate their children at home instead of sending them to
the traditional public school. Deciding how your children will receive their education is crucial because your choice
can impact the rest of their life. While you are deciding you should know the differences between homeschooling and
public school and education and how homeschooling benefits your children. In addition, there are a lot of factors to
learn about homeschooling such as costs, student score, and safety.
First of all, there are a lot of homeschool organizations in the U.S.A. and the prices are different from company
to company. However, homeschooling costs range from $400 to $1500 a year but the average price is $600. According
to the website Investopedie.com it shows that homeschool results are generally better than public school education.
And it is cheap when compared to the other educational options. Also, most parents who homeschool their children are
more likely to spend less than $600 per child per year.
Second of all, the academic achievement of the students who study in homeschool settings is better than public
school grades. According to the website HSLDA it shows the benefits of homeschooling from 15 independent testing
services, the progress report of 2009 Homeschool Academic Achievement and Demographics included 11,739
homeschooled students from all the 50 states who took the California Achievement Test, Iowa Test of Basic Skills, and
Stanford Achievement Test. This progress report is the most comprehensive homeschool academic study ever
completed.

19

In addition, many families decided to choose homeschooling because they feel it is safer than public school.
According to the website RT.com it shows that fifty-two school shootings so far this year have left thirty dead and fiftythree injured. Twenty-one of them have been at the colleges and universities, fifteen at the high schools, three at the
middle schools, ten at elementary schools, two at preschools, and one on a school bus. Moreover, according to the
website Statistics Brain it shows how many school shootings have happened since 1996.

20

21

In conclusion, homeschooling has a lot of benefits that can impact your child's life. And as mentioned above
homeschooling can make your child's scores better and it is safer than public school. However, before you take this
step you should make sure you choose the right homeschool program for your children.

Work Cited
Homeschool or Public School Investopedia.com.2016.web.18 February 2016.
New Nationwide Study Confirms Homeschool Academic Achievement
Hslda.org.2016.web.18 February 2016.
School Shootings Statistics Statisticbrain.com.2016.web.18 February 2016

22

How Do Men and Women Communicate Differently

Jiwon Kim (South Korea)
Have you ever seen or experienced an argument between men and women? I witnessed it three years ago. I've
known that there have been arguments between my mom and dad. However, this was the first time I saw the beginning
of an argument. The cause of the argument was not serious. We went to a restaurant to eat dinner, and my mom
complained to my dad about her friends while we were waiting for our food. Her complaints continued even after the
food was served. My dad told her that she should talk to her friends directly. Also, he added, "the situation won't change
even if you tell us about that." At that time, my mom was annoyed and suddenly retorted, "You never listen to me!" My
dad was irritated, too. Eventually, they paused the supper and fought in the parking lot. At that time, I was very confused.
'What did they do?', 'Why are they fighting like that?' I guess you might have also had experiences like this, either your
own or others. Why do they argue over trivial things? Is there a big difference in their brains? Whether it is true or not, it
is certain that men and women have gone through difficulties in communicating forever. Its because they think
differently, so they might misunderstand the meaning of the others words. Therefore, they should recognize the other
genders psychological basis in order to help them understand each other.

Different Psychologic Basis

Before I start, Id like to stress that these characteristics are generally based on gender, so it may not apply to
all types of people. Then, let us know why men and women think differently. First, men and women put values in different
areas. Men usually focus on objects and things rather than people or their feelings. They think that competency,
efficiency, and achievement are valuable things, and those things can demonstrate their ability. In addition, men dont
want to talk about their problem to others except in the case when they truly need help from a specialist because they
regard asking for help in spite of being able to solve their problem by themselves is a sign of weakness. As a result, if
someone offers them help, men will try to give a hand to solve the issue efficiently and usefully. On the other hand,
women are interested in relationships, love, and communication. They put values on sharing personal feelings and
relating to others harmoniously rather than achieving their goals or good results. Also, women are concerned with
helping others, healing others, and caring for others. They think that they are considerate when they help others without
being asked, and they are proud of themselves after giving advice to others (Gray).
We learned the psychology of men and women. Therefore, we should examine how it works in conversations
between men and women. How do they communicate differently? In general, the verbal language women often use has
poetic expressions such as superlatives, metaphors, and generalizations. However, men understand these expressions
by using the literal meaning. As a result, men get stressed when women use their poetic language, and it leads to
conflicts. For instance, the number one complaint women have is I dont feel heard. When she says that, she feels like
that the man doesnt try to understand her situation and doesnt care about how she feels. Meanwhile, the man thinks
that, I have heard you until now! Like this example, there are some situations which create trouble between men and
women. I will address three cases to describe this and track the process of how the communication style causes
misunderstandings between men and women.

Problem Solving
All people have problems. It can be a very small one such as deciding a breakfast menu, and it can be a big
one such as making about resigning from a company. Even, the same problem can be regarded on a different level
depending on the person. Likewise, men and women use different ways to solve their problems. Based on the
psychology of each gender, a man who has problem will do his best to solve it by himself before he asks for an experts
advice. This is because it is an opportunity to show his competency. On the other hand, a woman who has a problem
might share it with the people around her, and she will want them to feel empathetic. This is because she thinks it is a
chance to make a deeper relationship with people. In conversations among those of the same gender, there are only a
few troubles, but the situation will change in the talk between men and women. If a woman realizes a man has a
problem, she will concentrate on his feelings first and talk about more than potential solutions. In contrast, if a woman
tells a man about her problem, he will advise only the most effective solution. Eventually, the woman will think that their
connection was weakened because he doesnt appear interested in her feelings, and he will feel uncomfortable and
think she tells too many details (Bradley).

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In the Workplace
In the workplace, their communication styles are different, too. When they give an order, men speak directly
because they always seek the most effective way. However, women tend to ask more softly than men such as If you
dont mind, Could you? because they worry that they will hurt the others feelings. In addition, women ask more
questions than men. The common reason for questioning is acquiring new information. Nevertheless, women sometimes
ask people about information which they may already know because they want to show an interest in order to develop
intimacy. Another purpose is that women ask people questions. Consequently, men tend to talk briefly, and women
speak more and longer. As a result of this inclination, when men speak to women in a direct way, women can
misinterpret that, He doesnt like me, He is a rude person, or he upsets me even though I dont know why.
(Thiederman).

Body Language
Next, there are representative three gestures of body languages which are interpreted differently depending on
gender. The first one is about ones approach. In approaching someone, women prefer to be approached from the front
rather than from the side because she can recognize the person and feel safe when people are in front of her. In
contrast, men like to be approached from the side or at an angle because they feel approaching the front is too
aggressive. Applying it to a real situation, when a man approaches a woman from the back and touches her shoulder, he
doesnt intend to make her feel horrified. Nevertheless, she will feel scared and be irritated despite his consideration.
The second thing is nodding. Usually, men tend to nod only when they agree with anothers opinion. However, women
nod to show that they are listening and encourage the speaker to continue. Thus, they often misunderstand each other.
For example, while a man was talking about his parasailing experience, a woman was nodding continuously as a sign of
listening. At that time, he misunderstood that it was a signal of agreement and asked her, Did you try that, too? How
was it? On the other hand, if a man doesnt nod while his girlfriend is talking to him, she will think that he isnt listening
to her and might be upset. Lastly, the third one is about touch. Men use touch as a sign of power. Among men, patting
someone on the back or placing his hand on anothers shoulder can mean dominance, superiority, and control.
Meanwhile, women enjoy a touch as a means of building a connection. Even if women pat mens shoulder as a sign of
intimacy, some men can understand that as signals of ascendancy (Edwards).
As you read above, the way of thinking by men and women is very different. Despite that, can we communicate
well? How do we communicate well? There is some advice to follow.

Advice for Smooth Communication

The first thing is to know your partner. If you are a man, your partner would be concerned with understanding
someones feelings and developing a relationship. Therefore, when she tells a story or talks about her problem, you
should listen carefully and pretend to focus on her feelings by nodding or using expressions like, Oh, you might have
been upset, Its not your fault. even though you really dont feel like that. Also, when you have problems, you should
share them with your partner as much as possible. Of course it is hard for men to share their problems because they
think that this kind of behavior indicates a weakness. However, sharing will convince her that you can trust and rely on
her, and she will be proud of herself. On the other hand, if you are a woman, your partner would be interested in
success, ability, and efficiency. Sometimes men go into a cave where they want to be alone and have silent to solve
their problem without any help or to find their identity. At that time, maybe he will be upset and stressed, but he wont tell
you that he needs to go into the cave directly. Although you might worry that he doesnt like you anymore or that he
doesnt care about you, you should wait and go about your regular routine and activities. Wait but dont push him. Dont
ask if he feels better. Dont offer solutions. Just wait for him trusting that he will solve the issue by himself. This trust will
enhance his confidence and allow him to come out of his cave finally (Gray).
To sum up, men and women always have arguments in their conversations. The reason for this is that their
interests are different. Men focus on objects and results; moreover, they seek an efficient process to prove their
competency. In contrast, women concentrate on people and feelings; moreover, they feel worth in giving advice, sharing
emotions, and creating intimacy. This difference is revealed in the workplace, in the process for solving problems, and in
nonverbal communication. Even though the difference in thinking is not a big matter, misunderstanding others can cause
huge conflicts. Therefore, in order to have smooth conversations, we should know why the man/woman acts or thinks as
they do, and try to consider these differences. Recently researchers have figured out that there is no difference between
a mans brain and a womans brain. They insisted that the difference between men and women is not because of their
brain but from the different societal environment that men and women have experienced (Orr). To live in the world, we
have to respect one anothers thinking and try to understand because all people think differently. If you blamed others for
a different opinion, you would separate yourself from society. Likewise, you should not ignore and blame others because
24

of the other genders features by saying, I dont understand men/women. They all are crazy. Men and women have
lived for a long time, and they cant help living together forever. Because of that, they have to respect each others
interests and ways of thinking and make an effort to adjust to each other.

Works Cited
Bradley, Margrit. "Problem Solving Differences Between Men and Women." Healthguidance. Healthguidance, n.d.
Web. 28 Jan. 2016. <http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/13967/1/Problem-Solving--Differences-Between-Men-andWomen.html>.
Edwards, Vanessa Van. "7 Body Language Differences of the Sexes." Science of People. Science of People, n.d. Web.
28 Jan. 2016. <http://www.scienceofpeople.com/2015/02/body-language-differences-sexes>
Gray, John. Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus. New York: Harper Collins, 1992.
Orr, Deborah. "Male and Female Brains Are the Same, but People Are All Different and That Gives Me Hope." The
Guardian. The Guardian, 04 Dec. 2015. Web. 28 Jan. 2016.
<http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/dec/04/male-female-brains-same-but-people-all-different>.
Thiederman, Sondra. "He Said, She Said." Monster. Monster, n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2016. <http://careeradvice.monster.com/in-the-office/workplace-issues/he-said-she-said/article.aspx>.

The Kurdish Population in Nashville

Siver Jabbary (Iraq)
Who are the Kurds?

25

The Kurds are one of the indigenous peoples of the Middle East and the region's fourth-largest ethnic group.
They speak Kurdish, an Indo-European language, and are predominantly Sunni Muslims. Kurds have a distinct culture,
traditional dress, and holidays, including Nowruz, the springtime New Year festival that is also celebrated by Iranians
and others who use the Persian calendar. Kurdish nationalism emerged during the twentieth century following the
disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and the formation of new nation-states across the Middle East."
The estimated thirty million Kurds reside primarily in mountainous regions of present-day Iran, Iraq, Syria, and
Turkey and remain one of the world's largest peoples without a sovereign state. The Kurds are not monolithic, however,
and tribal identities and political interests often supersede a unifying national allegiance. Some Kurds, particularly those
who have migrated to urban centers, such as Istanbul, Damascus, and Tehran, have integrated and assimilated, while
many who remain in their ancestral lands maintain a strong sense of a distinctly Kurdish identity. A Kurdish Diaspora of
an estimated two million is concentrated primarily in Europe. Cfr.org

According to ndn.wnpt.org there are four waves of resettlement:

There have been four waves of Kurdish refugee resettlement directly to Nashville, Tennessee. Each wave of Kurds
came from different geographical areas, with diverse social backgrounds, tribal connections and religious beliefs.
Various waves fled unique conflicts and had different experiences in their journey to Nashville. In addition to the four
waves, many Kurds came to Nashville from within the US. Families frequently moved here from other destination cities
after hearing about better living conditions, to be closer to friends and family, or to join the growing Kurdish community in
Nashville. It is hard to know the exact number of Kurds living in Nashville today. Some estimates run as high as 11,000
and as few as 8,000.

1976
Kurdish refugees first came to the United States in 1976. According to Catholic Charities, Nashville resettled
the first Kurds in the US. Refugees from the 1976 wave fled a failed revolution in Iraqi Kurdistan. Kurds have struggled
in various movements for an autonomous Kurdistan since the end of World War II. The revolutionary effort that ended in
1975 had begun 14 years earlier in 1961, and had been supported by both the United States and Iran. That support was
eventually withdrawn due to agreements made between Saddam Hussein and the Shah of Iran. Hundreds of thousands
of Kurds fled to Iran after the collapse and eventually a few were accepted to come to the US. Some of the Kurds who
came to Nashville in 1976 held positions of authority within the Kurdish military, called the Peshmerga. Together, the
Kurdish community stood at around 200 at the end of 1976.

1977-79
While some Iraqi Kurds continued to arrive in 1977, they were joined by Iranian Kurds fleeing a failed autonomy
movement in Iran in 1979. The Kurdish community in Nashville remained relatively small until the mid 90s.

1991-92
26

The third and largest wave of Kurdish resettlement in Nashville represents Kurds who fled Saddam Husseins
1987-1988 genocidal campaign. Hussein authorized chemical attacks against Iraqi Kurdistan, destroyed nearly 4,500
Kurdish villages and killed an estimated 180,000 Kurds. Some have also called the Kurdish genocide gendercide
because male Kurdish youth and adults from ages 15-70 were explicitly targeted for execution. During 1987-1989, tens
of thousands of Kurds fled to neighboring Turkey and Iran. Many Kurds remained in those countries for years in refugee
camps, and a few thousand were resettled in the United States in 1991 after the end of the Gulf War.

1996-97
The last significant wave of Kurdish refugee resettlement to Nashville came in 1996 and 1997. In 1996,
Saddam Hussein threatened the lives of Kurds working with organizations that had received financial support from
Western agencies. This group represented highly educated members of the Kurdish leadership, many of whom had
some form of relationship with the United States. In 1996 almost two thousand Kurds fled overnight to Turkey and were
immediately relocated by US armed forces to Guam. They remained on US military bases in Guam for three to six
months, while sponsorships could be arranged for resettlement in the US. Many of these Kurdish refugees, called the
Guam Kurds were resettled to Nashville.

Nashvilles new nickname Little Kurdistan

According to the Nashville public TV documentary series Little Kurdistan, USA looks at Nashvilles Kurdish
population, which is the largest in North America. Kurdish refugees first arrived in Nashville in 1976 and have since
established a vibrant community here. Little Kurdistan, USA examining how our Kurdish neighbors have adapted to life
in Nashville and provides insight into the struggles refugees face as they build new lives in a new home.
Here are some questions asked Kurdish people in Nashville:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

When did you arrive?

Did you go to another city before?
Who came with you and how old were you when you came?
Did you attend school/job? Explain.
Who helped you get settled?
What was your reason for coming to the U.S.?
Are you a citizen?
Do you feel this your home now?
Do you have relatives in Kurdistan?
Do you think you can keep your cultural identity here? Like language, religion, customs and traditions. Explain.

Responses from the Kurdish people:

Isra came to the U.S. in 1997 and lived in Newport New, VA before moving to Nashville, TN. She came with her
family and was 14 years old at the time. She enrolled and attended school immediately. In VA they lived in a small city
and she said that it was difficult to get settled in the beginning. However, an organization with members of the local
mosque helped them. Isra said that the reason they came to the U.S. was to escape the oppression of Saddam
Hussein. Isra is now a citizen of the U.S. and she stated that she now has two homes Kurdistan and Nashville, TN. She
told me that most of her relatives are living in Kurdistan. When asked about keeping her own cultural identity she said,
Yes, I am a practicing Muslim and I try very hard to provide an environment for my children to grow up to be practicing
Muslims who speak Kurdish and are proud of their dual identity . It is easier to maintain the culture in Nashville than
other places.
Suad arrived to the U.S. in 1992 and lived in Fargo, North Dakota from 1992-1996. She came with her family,
parents, siblings and some of her extended family and was 13 years old at the time. She is currently a public school
teacher. She got her secondary, high school and college education in the U.S. Luthern church in Fargo, North Dakota
with assistance of United Nations helped them get settled. She added that they were registered as refugees with United
Nations, and lived in camps prior to arriving in the U.S. Suad is now a citizen of the U.S. Sometimes, she feels like an
outside due to prejudice and discrimination. She told me that most of her extended family is in Kurdistan. When asked
about keeping her own cultural identity she said, It is certainly very difficult to keep your identity here in U.S. I still speak
Kurdish but my children have difficulty learning Kurdish language. Religion and traditions are easy to practice privately
but in public it becomes difficult to practice certain religious practices due to hate and bigotry.
27

Khalat arrived to the U.S. in December of 1996 and lived in Erie, Pennsylvania. Then she moved to Nashville in
August of 1998. She came with her parents, brother and sister. She was 8 years old. When she moved to the U.S. she
started in elementary school. All her education journey has been in the U.S. She has always worked in the U.S. as well.
She said that they had a sponsor who worked with an organization when they first arrived in Erie. She said that he
helped her parents find jobs. But when they moved to Tennessee, their sponsor did not help them in the process. By that
time, they were familiar with travelling. Khalat said that the reason they came to the U.S. was they were part of the
Guam Kurds that came to the U.S. in late 1996, early 1997. At that time, more than 700 Kurds, who feared reprisal for
their ties to U.S. aid groups in northern Iraq, left around the same time. There was fear that the Iraqi president Saddam
Hussein might inflict punishment because of their work for U.S. aid agencies. Whoever worked for those U.S. aid
groups were selected and relocated to the U.S. Khalat is now a citizen of the U.S. When asked do you feel this is your
home now? She said, Yes, of course. I consider myself Kurdish-American and consider Nashville my home. She said
that her grandparents, uncles, cousins and distant relatives all live in Kurdistan. When asked about keeping her own
cultural identity she said, Yes, of course. We are blessed to have the freedom of religion here in the US. America is a
conglomerate of nations and colors, people from all over the world live here. It is a nation build on diversity. I believe
maintaining your culture and religion all depend on individual beliefs and individual cultural awareness. I have kept my
culture, my religion, traditions and customs since I have been here. I would like to take what is best from the Kurdish
culture and American culture and make it my own.

Work Cited
http://www.cfr.org/
http://ndn.wnpt.org/documentaries/

Compare Universities: Public And Private

Medo Qerisha (Saudi Arabia)
For a long time, there has been a raging debate on which is better public universities or private universities. It is
good to recognize that every institution has its own merits and demerits that make it different from the other. By
definition, a university refers to an institution of higher learning and research that offers academic degree to learners in
different subjects (Hegde 373). A university offers both undergraduate and postgraduate education. Universities are
divided into two: public universities, also known as state universities, and private universities. The public universities are
the ones that operate in part or wholly on federal or state funds. The students, no matter their race, gender, or religion,
will be given a chance to join public universities. On the other hand, private universities may decide to have exemptions
like having campuses that admit women only or men only. In other cases, there may be campuses based on religion.
This has seen people having fierce arguments about this issue and choosing the best university to join has been a
problem. Students tend to get confused when it comes to choosing the best institution that will suit their needs.
There are several differences and similarities between public and private universities. One of the differences is
the cost. This is one of the major variations between private and public universities. In this case, the private universities
tend to run on a higher cost as compared to public universities that are state-funded. Despite the fact that there are
financial aids, it will be slightly heftier to join a private university as compared to a public one. This means that for those
students who come from families that are not well-off, the best option will be to join a public university because the fees
are relatively cheaper, the same with accommodation and meals. In terms of size, the public universities tend to have
larger classes as compared to private universities. Private universities have small classes and they are compact. In
28

public universities, the classes are large, something that makes it hard for students to know their lecturers and have a
one-on-one relationship with them. This makes it hard to consult; hence, a lower standard of education may occur. On
the other hand, in private universities the classes are small. This offers a good chance for students to know their
lecturers and consult with them any time. This will see them perform better in classes. However, for some students, they
like large colleges with many students. This is because they get to interact with many students who have different
varying ideas to bring on the table. For such students, public universities will be a better option for them. A big campus
will offer them plenty of on-campus options such as restaurants, movie theaters, and transportation (Hegde 376).
In terms of selection, public universities offer a large selection of majors as compared to public universities. This
is good for the undecided freshman. This means that public universities will offer more in both academic and cocurricular activities as compared to what private universities offer. With more classes being offered, the students will
have chance to sample the best career option without necessarily having to transfer colleges when they change their
mind about the course they are currently doing. On the contrary, private universities offer a limited selection of courses.
In fact, some of them are known to offer limited specialized fields of study. This means they can only help students who
focus in a given area.
It is common for private universities to have religious affiliation. On the other hand, public universities do not
have this kind of affiliation, but are rather open to any religion. For students who are religiously inclined, then they will
feel more comfortable in private universities that are affiliated with their religion. For the learners without a particular
religious affiliation or those who want to join an institution where they can interact with people of different religions, then
a public university will be the best option. Religiously affiliated universities will expose students to meet with other likeminded scholars whom they can connect and share with. On top of this, private universities tend to have more prestige
as compared to public universities. Despite how their program is ranked, private universities are considered to be more
prestigious. Nevertheless, their admissions are not any different from the selection process of public universities (Hegde
386).
To sum it up, it comes out clear that private and public universities are higher institutions of learning that tend to
have differences when it comes to their physical facilities, selection, prestige, and academic performance. The debate of
which is the best and which is not is open-ended. This is because each of these institutions has its own strengths and
weaknesses. These institutions differ in terms of classrooms, libraries, sports centers, and cafeteria. In this regard,
facilities are usually more modern in private universities as compared to those found in public universities. However,
public universities tend to have larger facilities; hence they admit more students. This means there are many scholars
here who can exchange ideas. Therefore, when it comes to which university is better, it depends on what one is looking
for.

Works Cited
Hegde, Deepak. "Public and private universities: unequal sources of regional innovation?." Economic Development
Quarterly 19.4 (2005): 373-386. 1 Feb 2016.

The Homicide Crime Scene

Sandra Molina (El Salvador)

Homicide investigations are always very difficult. Law enforcement officers have to deal with the members
of the family of the deceased, the media, and the suspect. The investigators have the unenviable task of
informing the families that their relative is dead and appears to be a victim of a homicide. They also have to
respond to the questions of the media which, at times, may interfere with the investigation. Their most important
task however is to determine who the suspect is and to find evidence that they can use against him in court.
29

The most important thing the investigator should do is to identify and preserve the crime scene. The
search of the crime scene and its scope is considered the most important phase of the investigation conducted at
the crime scene. (Vernon Geberth 1) Investigators must keep in mind that physical evidence is the most credible
kind of evidence as compared to the testimonial and the documentary evidence. It is the unimpeachable witness
that cannot be clouded by a faulty memory, prejudice, poor eyesight or a desire not to get involved. Physical
evidence, indeed, speaks more eloquently, so to speak, than a hundred witnesses.
It is because of this reason that the investigator must see to it that the crime scene is immediately
preserved. Reasonable precaution must be taken so that the people within the vicinity of the crime scene do not
contaminate the crime scene by leaving footprints or fingerprints on it or by disturbing the crime scene. According
to Nicole Lundrigan (2001), the number of extraneous traces must be minimized. The innermost perimeter, where
the death occurred, must be secured and no one but the coroner, who will pronounce the death, and the
identification detective should be found within this perimeter.
Homicide investigation is a highly professional and specialized undertaking, which requires years of
practical experience coupled with a process of continual education and training. However, homicide investigation
is not the exclusive purview of the investigator. Successful homicide investigation often depends on the initial
actions taken by patrol officers responding to any given scene. The objective of this article is to address the
important initial actions that must be undertaken at the "Homicide Crime Scene."
The three basic principles involved in the initiation of an effective homicide investigation are as follows
1. Rapid response to the homicide crime scene by patrol officers. This is imperative in order to protect
evidentiary materials before they are destroyed, altered, or lost.
2. Anything and everything should be considered as evidence. Whether this evidence is physical or
testimonial, it must be preserved, noted, and brought to the attention of the investigators. The only
evidence collected at this point of the investigation is eyewitness accounts or spontaneous statements of a
suspect at the scene. After the scene is secured, immediate and appropriate notification must be made to
the homicide investigators.
The importance of preserving the homicide crime scene and conducting an intelligent examination at the
scene cannot be overemphasized. If a murder case ends in failure or an officer is embarrassed in court, the
primary reason may very well be an inadequate examination of the homicide scene or a failure to implement good
basic crime scene procedures as outlined in this text.
After the crime scene has been preserved, the investigator must determine whether the victim is still
alive. In this regard, it will very important to check the victims neck or wrist area for pulse. If the victim is alive,
then the investigator must immediately call for an ambulance. If the victim is conscious, the investigator while
waiting for the ambulance must ask questions like who the assailant is, if known. If unknown the investigator must
get the assailants description from the victim. Determining the identity or getting the description of the accused is
important so that in case the victim dies while being transferred to the hospital, such evidence may still be
admitted in court under the principle of dying declaration. Under this principle, the statements made by the victim,
who have knowledge that death is impending or near, as to who the assailant is to the investigator may be
admitted in court even if the victim dies after. In this case, the prosecutor needs only to present the investigator to
whom the information was relayed. This is an exception to the hearsay evidence rule.
If, on the other hand, the victim is unconscious, it should be the task of the investigator to accompany the
victim at all times. It is possible for the victim to regain consciousness while he is being taken to the hospital.
Investigator must be able to get the necessary information from the victim.
The investigator must ensure that before the body of the victim is removed from the crime scene he must
take photographs of the victims position at the time it is found and the entire crime scene. Photographs help in
the preservation of crime scene such that even if the evidence have been gathered, moved or collected,
investigators will still have a means to study the relative position of the body and the physical evidence and where
they are found.

30

After the taking of photographs is completed, or if no camera is available, the investigator should make a
sketch of the crime scene. The sketch records the exact position of every piece of evidence including the position
of the victim according to precise measurements. A crime sketch presents the advantage of making the relative
position of each piece of evidence identifiable unlike the photograph which cannot measure the position of every
piece of evidence. The taking of photographs and the sketches help in the reconstruction of the crime scene and
in determining how the crime was committed.
Once the pictures have been taken and the sketch of the crime scene has been done, it is now time to
gather and collect the pieces of evidence. The investigator should look for the weapon used to kill the victim. If
the victim was stabbed, then the investigator should look for the knife or any sharp instrument that may have been
used by the assailant. If the victim was shot, then the investigator should look for the gun or the discharged
casing of the bullet. The weapon is very important in determining the identity of the assailant since it may contain
fingerprints. This is true especially if the weapon used has blood smeared on it. The investigator should take
precaution that the weapon found at the crime and the discharged casing should be properly taken from the crime
scene. This is because once the weapon is held using the investigators hand, it is possible that existing
fingerprints may be smudged or the investigator himself may leave his fingerprints on it. It may not be good for
the prosecution at the time the evidence is presented in court.
The victim and his clothing can also be a source of evidence. If there are signs of struggle between the
assailant/s and the victim, it is possible that the victim may have obtained hair samples or blood samples which
may be used to identify the assailant. It is therefore important also to process even the body and the clothing of
the victim for evidence.
After the pieces of evidence have been identified and gathered from the crime scene, the investigator
must make sure that they are preserved. Preserving the evidence is as important as locating and gathering it
from the crime scene. Once pieces of evidence have been recovered at the crime scene the method of storing
and labeling it can influence its integrity. Investigators should therefore avoid storing the pieces of evidence in
improper storage containers or storing the material at an improper temperature of humidity or even mislabeling
the containers where physical evidence are stored and kept. Simple mistakes such as improper storage and
mislabeling may compromise the result of the entire investigation.
It is therefore important that the objects found at the crime scene where fingerprints could be found should
be handled with great care. The objective is to avoid adding fingerprints to the evidence or smudging or
destroying the fingerprints that are present in these objects. When these objects are lifted or taken, great care
should be taken so that these objects are touched as little as possible. (Evidence Collection Guidelines 5) Also,
it is also important that the objects which have been dusted for fingerprints should be placed on heavy cardboard
and properly fastened down with string to avoid shifting and coming into contact with other objects while they are
in transit. It is also important that the physical evidence placed in containers or boxes are properly labeled so as
to avoid confusion on where the physical evidence is taken. For example if the blood is taken from the suspect,
then it should be so labeled.
In addition, the chain of custody or the persons who come into contact with the physical evidence should also be
identified and known. The chain of custody makes sure that only persons who are authorized to take custody of the
evidence had access to the physical evidence from the time it was taken from the crime scene to the time it was
presented to the court. For example, only the persons who are authorized to analyze and store the object from the time
the evidence was taken by the investigator and sent to the laboratory for analysis until the point where the object is
stored must take custody of it.
The last point is that investigators must make sure that should they decide to interrogate a suspect who is
found at the crime scene they must make sure that the requirements under the Miranda Law has been observed.
Investigator see to it that the suspect has been informed of his right and that he has the right to remain silent and
to secure the services of his own counsel. If he is indigent, the suspect should be advised that the state can
provide with him his own counsel.
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AMAZING SCIENCE
As technology infiltrates every aspect of our lives, it is no wonder that solving crimes has become almost futuristic in its
advances. From retinal scanning to trace evidence chemistry, actual forensic technologies are so advanced at helping to
solve crimes that they seem like something from a science fiction thriller.
31

With all this forensic technology, its no wonder that this field is one of the fastest growing in the U.S. Shows
like CSI and NCIS have made most of the forensic science techniques used today common knowledge. You might think
that virtually the whole gamut of forensic technology is old hat to todays savvy viewer. In fact, there are a number of
incredibly cool forensic technologies that you probably never knew existed.
10 COOL TECHNOLOGIES USED IN FORENSIC SCIENCE
1. Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) : When broken glass is involved in
a crime, putting together even tiny pieces can be key to finding important clues like the direction of bullets, the
force of impact or the type of weapon used in a crime. Through its highly sensitive isotopic recognition ability, the
LA-ICP-MS machine breaks glass samples of almost any size down to their atomic structure. Then, forensic
scientists are able to match even the smallest shard of glass found on clothing to a glass sample from a crime
scene. In order to work with this type of equipment in conjunction with forensic investigation, a Bachelors
Degree in Forensic Science is usually necessary.
2. Alternative Light Photography : For a forensic nurse, being able to quickly ascertain how much physical damage
a patient has suffered can be the difference between life and death. Although they have many tools at their
disposal to help make these calls quickly and accurately, Alternative Light Photography is one of the coolest
tools to help see damage even before it is visible on the skin. A camera such as the Omnichrome uses blue light
and orange filters to clearly show bruising below the skins surface. In order to use this equipment, you would
need a MSN in Forensic Nursing.
3. High-Speed Ballistics Photography : You might not think of it right away as a tool for forensic scientists, but
ballistics specialists often use high-speed cameras in order to understand how bullet holes, gunshot wounds and
glass shatters are created. Virtually anyone, from a crime scene investigator to a firearms examiner, can operate
a high-speed camera without any additional education or training. Being able to identify and match bullet
trajectories, impact marks and exit wounds must be done by someone with at least a Bachelors of Science in
Forensic Science.
4. Video Spectral Comparator 2000 : For crime scene investigators and forensic scientists, this is one of the most
valuable forensic technologies available anywhere. With this machine, scientists and investigators can look at a
piece of paper and see obscured or hidden writing, determine quality of paper and origin and lift indented
writing. It is sometimes possible to complete these analyses even after a piece of paper has been so damaged
by water or fire that it looks unintelligible to the naked eye. In order to run this equipment, at least a Bachelors
degree in Forensic Science or a Masters Degree in Document Analysis is usually required.
5. Digital Surveillance For Xbox (XFT Device) : Most people dont consider a gaming system a potential place for
hiding illicit data, which is why criminals have come to use them so much. In one of the most ground-breaking
forensic technologies for digital forensic specialists, the XFT is being developed to allow authorities visual
access to hidden files on the Xbox hard drive. The XFT is also set up to record access sessions to be replayed
in real time during court hearings. In order to be able to access and interpret this device, a Bachelors Degree in
Computer Forensics is necessary.
6. 3D Forensic Facial Reconstruction : Although this forensic technology is not considered the most reliable, it is
definitely one of the most interesting available to forensic pathologists, forensic anthropologists and forensic
scientists. In this technique, 3D facial reconstruction software takes a real-life human remains and extrapolates
a possible physical appearance. In order to run this type of program, you should have a Bachelors Degree in
Forensic Science, a Masters Degree in Forensic Anthropology or a Medical Degree with an emphasis on
Forensic Examination and Pathology.
7. DNA Sequencer : Most people are familiar with the importance of DNA testing in the forensic science lab. Still,
most people dont know exactly what DNA sequencers are and how they may be used. Most forensic scientists
and crime lab technicians use whats called DNA profiling to identify criminals and victims using trace evidence
like hair or skin samples. In cases where those samples are highly degraded, however, they often turn to the
more powerful DNA sequencer, which allows them to analyze old bones or teeth to determine the specific
ordering of a persons DNA nucleobases, and generate a read or a unique DNA pattern that can help identify
that person as a possible suspect or criminal.
8. Forensic Carbon-14 Dating : Carbon dating has long been used to identify the age of unknown remains for
anthropological and archaeological findings. Since the amount of radiocarbon (which is calculated in a Carbon14 dating) has increased and decreased to distinct levels over the past 50 years, it is now possible to use this
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technique to identify forensic remains using this same tool. The only people in the forensic science field that
have ready access to Carbon-14 Dating equipment are forensic scientists, usually with a Masters Degree in
Forensic Anthropology or Forensic Archaeology.
9. Magnetic Fingerprinting and Automated Fingerprint Identification (AFIS) : With these forensic technologies,
crime scene investigators, forensic scientists and police officers can quickly and easily compare a fingerprint at
a crime scene with an extensive virtual database. In addition, the incorporation of magnetic fingerprinting dust
and no-touch wanding allows investigators to get a perfect impression of fingerprints at a crime scene without
contamination. While using AFIS requires only an Associates Degree in Law Enforcement, magnetic
fingerprinting usually requires a Bachelors Degree in Forensic Science or Crime Scene Investigation.
10. Link Analysis Software for Forensic Accountants : When a forensic accountant is trying to track illicit funds
through a sea of paperwork, link analysis software is an invaluable tool to help highlight strange financial activity.
This software combines observations of unusual digital financial transactions, customer profiling and statistics to
generate probabilities of illegal behavior. In order to accurately understand and interpret findings with this
forensic technology, a Masters Degree in Forensic Accounting is necessary.
METHODOLOGY FOR THE FEATURED FORENSIC SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES
When deciding which technologies to include on this list, a number of factors were taken into consideration.
Relevance to the Topic of Forensic Technology: The said technology must be actively used in the field of Forensic
Science and can be taught at the college level. Widely regarded technologies were considered first, while more
experimental technologies were included only on the basis of reputable peer-reviewed documentation.
Novelty in the Field of Forensic Science: More experimental technologies were given higher priority based on
whether the technology gave advanced information that is not readily available by using other technologies. These
cutting-edge technologies were thoroughly vetted to ensure that they have become accepted techniques by leaders in
the field.
Reliability of Technology: Finally, only techniques used with more than 80% reliability were included in this list.
Factors that affect reliability included case closure rate, successful conviction rate and correct identification rate.

SOURCES
http://www.practicalhomicide.com/articles/HomCrimeSc.htm 2/03/16
http://www.crime-scene-investigator.net/possiblehomicide.html 2/03/16
http://www.nmsoh.org/homicide_investigator_checklist.htm 2/05/16
http://www.forensicscolleges.com/blog/resources/10-modern-forensic-science-technologies 2/12/16

How to be Happy
Francis Mendez Garcia (Venezuela)

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Everyone wants to have a happy life. Being a happy person is one goal that everyone wants to achieve and its
not hard to get it. In my opinion being happy means doing anything you like, being with the people that you love, and
learning how to face the hard things that life might present to you.
Finding an activity that you love and makes you happy is not an easy task but it is possible. Many people find
happiness in the simplest things in life such as dancing, listening to music, and even cleaning. Personally, I prefer to
read a good book that I have chosen because it makes me feel relaxed and calm. Another activity that makes me happy
is to do an occasional Sudoku. They are so easy and keep my mind away from any problem that I may have.
Discovering an activity that engrosses you can make you happy because you will focus your mind on what you are
enjoying at the moment and youll forget about your problems.
Being surrounded by the people you love can make you very happy. When you are with your family or friend,
you start feeling a lot better than when youre by yourself. In my opinion, the best memories that I have are the ones that
I share with my loved ones. Spending time with my friends, going to the movies together, even doing homework with
them can make everything better. When you are by yourself you can feel happy, but it doesnt compare with what it feels
like to be with the people that you love and make you happy.
Everyone has a moment in their life when they dont know how to deal with having a bad day. Its normal for
everyone, but it depends on how they can deal with having a bad situation. When I have a bad day, I always try to look
on the bright side because if I close my mind and I dont look for a solution that can make me very sad and depressed.
Therefore, its important to always try to look on the good side of everything and in the end it is going to be okay. Never
let that bad day bring you down, think in a positive way to find a solution and youll have a happier life.
Having a happy life is important to everyone. Finding some activities that you enjoy, no matter how simple they
may be, can bring you a smile and make you very happy. Being surrounded by the people you love can make any day a
better one. Always remember to try to find a positive aspect in the difficulties that come in life because that will maintain
you being a happy and positive person. Being happy is easy, you just need to find the right activities, people that you
love, and keep being positive.

Poems
Anonymous

Home
A place called home is a place
Where your heart belongs
Where there is someone waiting for you
With love and a warm hug
Where you can feel free to be who you truly are
And that seems all right.

Sleeping
You dont stay with me
When I need you
You only get in my hair
When I am busy.

Speaking English
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Speaking English is like

Standing in front of a person whom I love
There are a lot of words in my mind
But I cant help my mouth from freezing

We are the angry and desperate

The hungry and the cold
We are the ones who kept quiet
And always did as we were told

I regret
Why didnt I say that

But we have been sweating

While you slept so calm in the safety of your
home
We have been pulling out the nails
That hold up everything youve known.

I regret
I should have said something in a different
way
I regret, but repeat everyday.

Life

My

City

I see

you
when I
to the
moon
Then my

look

Life dont be rude

Dont hasten
Let me enjoy the magical moments of life
When I am happy, do not run
Making me unhappy
Let me enjoy my youth
Do not come with problems so early
Let me live
I have not yet arrived at age 30
But I feel like 40 years
Hold on to find my impossible love
After a while to be happy
I dont want to see you again
Life you are so fast
You already left me.

heart goes out to you

Because you are the first and the last thing
On my mind each and every day
Time will tell how much
I miss you.
We

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Enjoy Your Break!