ii -+ i- i"E.--..+ + + Eft i s f :'---.r i ia*.-"t-EL.

Ei
L: $-,-i E ! a, = ==L=
=:=L:=-:i=-=EE:r-A= J i

!
,t

itittiutieu

-. *--

I l -e--:1:
^iil,ii'E "ai=iiiitiiiiii

itsi

"l&c stnndsrd r*lhelpy

rif ftrrm*llon
l*Itr?t is thr enthalpy rhange {he*r liherarm!
(r ilth{rftr'd} r+,lxx trR* mule..:Illw uuhiunr;e
it f*n;r*d l"rr.rrtr ill *lr*ncntr ilnrl*r st,nndilrd

it urluli*n = g

lriLrnlhr:rul'rtudc* rt{*r:iutc
QLI;rntit3,

i3--

rf lwlt lxhuxt*rl *r

V=ntt1r,xlf

llxrtj

rxlE;r-rr:r,l!:

"I]

,-= rlurllic lx;il

T t, SI"; change

wlrr.'rr. rn ;; fil'.L1s til xrtutiun.

r.".*p;*-itytrf lr'agg6 * 4,3 J g-'

r'unrlitiuns.

Ttx rtend$fif *nth*lpy uFf,{,mlxr**f{}n {-lfIffi

i* th* rnthalgry r:h*nge iqheat lihcrarr"tll n'hen
txlg mr:rle rl- n rufirt;ulr;e ir t*rrnl rtnlpktcly
in ex**:* trlgen under *tarxlarsl r:*nrliriun*.
The rl;rnduinf *nthxlpy uf utunrlx*tl*a
iSl{?,t *f *n el*rr*nt ir the enlhlilpf *lunEe
{hr:at ahurrla.d} r*h*n *uc mnle id utfiffrx ifi
ttts gtarrtrur rtate it firrrned {rnm irtq elern*nl
und*r *t*nd*rd conr.litirrnr,
Thr: xtnnrlanl rnthnlpy nf nrulr*li$litn
t*IiL,,ri i* the eftthalFy eh*ng* {hsrt
liht.ratrt"!! nhe.n irlr srid urr{ a hrts* rr:*et
tru lirm trni: nrn!* tlf wat*r umlrr xlamlan!

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

in tc:xp*nrtur*Thr enth*lpy of ;r rscdirsr ir tlrr: tril;d qrrtl*tpi'

rrf tfr* prmtrurti tress th tn*al enthi:lpy flf thc
lT&sLillts"

{
: rlff*o * llflSfnalur;txl- f.{}{, {rr*eianls}

ltr.*'r !il'* riltlr*

lhfff:

*ntl'r;rlp.v rhange filr & rea{til:fl

iri equnl Ifi rhe rufir of lhe tfith*lF'ry r:liilngc*

'Tt'e nvrrall

t'trr th+ indivirlu;rl rt*ps in

(rr +

thr neflrtirm".

i-t O-tgi -+ C0tgr:

f0rgt + iO.{gl
t

,S,FI

=.r kJ rnol

'

-+ Cft.{$}l ,[JI=.r.kJ surl"r

{-lfrr + 0,rgl ** ((},{g):

"ihr"

+}'}
U ;lr*l

ilFJ=-{.T

ll*rr-llirhercark r"=isl h ursrl tn rletu'rcltirtr:

rf t'*rrn:rtir-rlt ul a rubsum,-*.

an

the *rtthr*lpy

hillir+r

)\ia'{p}

+ ('l tgt

**

gnrTEv

NutEl

+ fllgl

xT

t-

I *tr,

Ale

Na{sl

I'lrrClirl

"vr.-';F. /

1,fr,

i"Ifl, i

/enrhirl;,r

61'

fr'{iltittrr-il

{cr.isi

&.lfr".LIJ. : ffnrhnlpy of- a,t*miratiolr

,*ff* : Fir"rt ilni'*lt irwr cnt h:tipF

,llf*; l"inr r!c;rq$ utlinity

AiE

pr*=arcd

b_-r.

be

S^-------i^

alextan5S@gmail.com

cr.rndiliarls.

ltl "l&* *ftrrutrsrd rnthelpf rlf hp{rutkrn

tllIE*ni i"r fx entlurJp,s'chnng* {irrrt lilqr*t*rll

It

r+h** nne nr*le uf g*l't'rrul ionr ir hydr;lt*C.

The st*n*lurd enthulp'y rf ralutktr t;fifu;

i.r thc rn{h;rlp}, r:hung* {lu:at *htrhxl tr

likr.rtcdl trhen rne r.r*nle of rhe rpture i*
rll*rrl vtrl l{} l.r }f ttt art i rrfi rlil u,ly r.l il ulr,ttdutiun,
t? Tlre lattlffi rnrmr' flllf i ir lhr landurr!
rnthalpl, chunge (kat litxramdl rnhen
*nc nwl* of i*nir strllrl ir {ru'l:t*i, frum it*
gar**ur irrnsIT Ttmr Npsl tu;turitl' {(J uf thc cahrrirnctrr
ttht caLrrimcl*r crmrtanll in the hral
rcr{uired t$ ruise the temtrxr:rture uf a gir.'en
rxLriimr:trrarrl i{r r:*nteni< hy I H { I 'f }"
t* .lp+rific hcat eags*ity {*} in rhe efidtB}
raquimd to raint *E t{amFerslurt t'r,f *n* g:rruu
r*{t ruhrtan* hy' I H.

'FE- ^
-* ^ ^ts- ^*:^.
E i-;fflFEE{;CiE*EEEEsEri'

Ed*YESi*E-;

,E

ffrrcnati-re sfrnciErsslei, gsl,j*-h8llaJ, aIld uralsr as* -24i-i , -i 38 p-nj

=?gS k"? r**!"! T*$pg4trir.,4Ey *::d th+ e**dsrd *s:h*.IFy *h**g* +f ++mb'xti** *fm*.*tg**! and
-!
cc*F**?iveiy.
ase*ths:-a* cre =',tE! a;: -3#i FJ *t+t

*f

,ts Bood

nr

{ai S*ff*e

one mde o$ shrnic-al h"nJ

in +he gar ptrase irr{! i+s segcrufgrfrtotr.
simn+iard *rtheEp3' eh*nge *f S*rrseti*n

gry.thglp$

of-,cornp-nr{LC"
"s{Hage" =.}rfED..L rncte =

"g* 3!.q " K

=

rc b*oh

h,ear rc{"ited

"

i[,td.

psrmrds"

"tl.*nrB{,f-eml5,

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

iii

ii

err%g

sEe*.dar"ci s*-tsr*i6ry {-rfurrngtr

be

?nr

;p",gtBt...

3 "qlanqf, *r S * tt-ri:alp;u'

...

*haaE e

:, a.,

*f

+E

!..

ea;E 1!e

ha

e;1!

.,,

!-\

i.
z.l\il
i

Jr*i

ctint hi:xi i t:rr

.t's.l...9.9s$d".urhqrr..!.lae.Ls" "ef.."qq'hsjnog..is",,bl+{m.. r4!?d.9191$. in,pr,g#.,

an

fl#*ul*t* the s?arrar$ **t}raipy c}rx*Sa fl:r *r* axiriatica

CH3o[ + [0]
FIgHO + Hrg
- (-r4o)
4H : -,lE+ (-2s6) -+

xT

{F}

*i

e}f

rectJt*rrtli

Err

rr,e?}:*r,lal. {3eii

rnot'l

- 16rl kx
rr:rid*ri*:r af
*f met-han*i
rstetErann! tc'r***ana!
t* r:te&a**I iE
it
Erien t!:augh tie* se$:d*rd +etlsslpy *-hs*ge f+r ther *xidstie*
*+ryq,i.i+
gEtlris
! !=Eatls
t!
isg+i+_*hiE+g r++;:, te*?F+raq-#rs. H+w.-c';+uid p.+"+ +xpiain
=sther,*i
Fh*riamen*ri ?

#,--

Ale

3.

I ll

{rtui}

"Asliygtrpn "co,erg:g.,.&r "exi.{stipo..ff.rrre}rxn"qt." is "hjgh..snd. Jhu$"be".qy.qeBmed.

rfit

T::c sunds,rd enmalpy eher:ge +f attmisaE!** ef mtthanal is +15$? kt m+l=' = ard the
t*hE enthe.lpy temn f+r tuhs; *=CI
boad ie
entlielF,* irrn: {br
'14!t kJmEl'' . t+trE+la':e
anr

C:li

i+*r:d.

i&r

----r
Z(++ra) + ?( '
x :
HCHO

2H

+c

+1567

+1567-8zr+
+?+3 kf,rnol-'..

AIE p:'*;;ax'*d i;;t' alextanS8@email.com

6l'l

: + 156r l"f,rnol-'

f!
F5/r

o
tt

H-C-H

* l, C- H bond
I c:o bonJ

-^--a!:!F,=1ry!

-1

:
(,,^+i^ia! '..-^-i..^
tlrdnJ iI
uELUUrr dA Ii tU

1.

Ti:e 1*.r:l= e.=r*=s

/ iU M IIIUI

t1 d^ \t

c{

1:-.h:==

lLSPtrUtI

=h1+*4=

lY,

s=.ii=:- c!:1=,:':4-.:r=

-4

n^CrL- LErlrl
i^*
l^s:^.
..-i-^ ttllrturtr
li+L:,,-.- LrlttrltuE
^- "*^,, L.^LI^JJ^
tfcttttE " fttc
tdltrLc EltEluv
trv usttlP

3+8

traatfyr, 4*+ UwCJa*vtrO ar* artllt rtLvUtUrL.

rJ s:c1-l e:l4

be

fa'l
tlt

-- atl
^-,^**l^
-^ E^atlltrlEa]

I, :t, t.

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

hest.lgs*rd...ph.en.t.r,n.o,te.ef..lithirA|n.,shlo"ri.d"c...is...f.ifitgd...frem..,.

,.--.i..-:.!,.:., ts .....-,...:.-. -:-,- 1..;.i.... -.-...*--...-i::.:.:..-..

arr ttarttuttr!tttrrttu!
ltttrluLA{rLrtlltlttL
li^lrt4ttt
=.,..:.,:-. wtty Lt!L tdltlL!u!tltgv
crvlirrm nhlnrirlc

S!.zs o. f .. L! L .. i s srn*.l-er..'Lhan..!yr+.....

.Jhur.,..
t U t

!=i.C,l..

U@LU ltiv

UUIYYIWrI

r4lLrVU

Lat4t! Llt4Llrl

lrtL^

UllllEY.

LllAllEU

ltllll4uY

Ul IlYUlgLIUll

e....=...

: let.ti.st...energs..

t NIh,A,

^a.L^
^--.L^l--,
l'4,Utr\ trl
I llE -.^l-.-lrlf tr,It.Ililll,}

-L^--^^
Lllitllgtr

Ale

xT

the following tahle

L--f--^a:^-^
-!
{-tl
tlJv{iiiilil-rll

r,

\ !^-

.:1,?i,.,..tJ

^ !^--.
iitl i1
l='y" tu;t} ittg

-:i,lv=ii

lit

Draw a Born-Haber cycle to determine the enthalpy change of solution

L'r-!
\ urqntn

!i:5i,;--,-!-:'-.;,1',,-1, L.r ur,xeru

f
kJrool-'

-ffi

rnergg/

AH, E

ltu

I ucr,sr Is'
dqJ

:.llrv

aHs&g

lrl

Urccgr+cfroerL

:...-.1..: i,-*
=.-i :-.. :--..,,.:'.,=*.==,:i'
lrrur4rg,t
lrletr-v
vr durulrvrr

6H.

ill

- l

- lcf,ticreneeg
aHrigl

, *1*:;**f:Y,,#'-of

: -tatlict errerfi + aH tgd

t - (-srlg) + ( -{.qq-ggt I

:
\ !il I

al I|

|^

I 4H :,{d

an

\ tt ,

Hol

tll

th qn Nqf,(.

hll - l.I
rnri fhe pnthqimr nhqncc oi cnirrfinn I\ d-s{no
4.

lrt

......

t!$... *...strooger...,t sttic&. energg

rVla(rurallllru

I IulY tYVUiu

- 31'o
'f

kI

rvrol

-'

uu U^ULUt t::L lLlrlputSLU!L

di-qsolved in water?

tU LltAlBL

*-lilii

iltlUUill

t-iilUitUL

!J

flI

solrtfon

'

l!:"D, .

I
I

:,ledtee-enecsg-L-1[L

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

be

ieo--?-Jdtlcreneqg-

-y.

(exotherrnic)

: Nqc(

i No*.nrt + c(-,r".t

xT

an

E.q

aHjoolo

(8) .I+ q eenDpouod isinspluHe '

I

Ale

lat}icr,

(gothemrle

Qncrg

olL = olt-!ii[
- --1t{r'a-qugau
-______-t

(tve)

i&l Ft, E it+

i-sEr i crEL'+
r* lr!!t
-i i

irAFts?i.-Erairsrit
iE E&!
.EutuELiffist!

{*}

lYhxn L4li3 g *i" naphth*lcir*,

L1,,PF}',

i
,

r::i-rt.tined:

*ii1-:;i*;i1;v

Hea+ is- no+ onlg obsorbeC

ryv! r

bW also

tte

Reca.ll ll

g-i

g-ir

xT

an

Q=Co
\ h*t cqpaci+g
Q=

Ale

b1

i:1"

::.ni.i

ihe np*ciiic ii*;r't

**r*t.*sti+* fer **pirti'r*.lelle"

l5

n*#tJ

ir*r p*ch r:r:ntirt:+ *f a ihiqk trlrteri- p+rrrc]r i:r:*tritixing wirtcr *ild aii innrr ;:*ii*kr **niirii:ii:g
elRhyrlrt:lrr sal*iu* *hir:rid*. C;rCt3, Sr1***r.i*g lire q:ut*r'pcuch r',:ill hr*ak th* irrner p*'":*h and
dis:,*iye t!r* .;*It. Th* riirsi:lr-:ii*n precf;$F is *xirili*rmir. If th* ,lntl,alpY i:f' s*lut!*n *i Cilrli. is
-St.* kJ iw:!-', r.ir:i+:rrrins ilt* mfirs ni Cuili, r"cqriirr:d tt: ntak* illtillf-iiir*. Lu:i piiek capibl* *fl
r:*i**i*g lts lrmp*riliirr* l{i 3G.c *bt:';* r{]fi!?1 le:upr-rftl1re.
J:!
.4"

[i,r**,u, =.8. ! E .!

o)

"

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

ib]

g, tfie un*er,

'J
colOt-im*r

*:i'th* h*rlih tir:*fiifi*t*r is i.Eff kJ "ij-r

ciills*rty qlf .,vater i s 4. t E i g- i o1.-;" ctt*,*iate the enthilipy

is

{t

be

*[ tt:rter = t0. ! I 0C
Fin*i ter*prratxre *f rvxter = 35,*4'fi
M;rs:+ of wr.rt*r in +*ltriinstci's ?'ilii kg

trnitial ter:rperuture

iiiu*rr tlrat [[i* tr*;it

ritt*

in l:urri*ii in a hi:rrih qait:rim*:tcr; 1}r* i*ifu*vilt.g

AEi

mcO

sp.i+ic henr

os capaci+y.

Frcpa;'t by alextan5S@email.com

{r mer,t*}

rnol

be

o.ollt

r rf:!!:l"Cl,
-- 4zru.ll-,
:_!.o!

I -re*rl

hco+ lgle^aseJ

xT

-t'F-r'v!'

it
i

t-^

!q2.-q6

efftfid?$-,cDrnbrstion- --'rJ

Ale

iir

r.Lo_]

an

-l

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

fs.8+ -2o.11
= 5.67'c

,".c r^^Lrl.^ r^-a

e varusl___

1 II]F--,L

_576f1,2J
_g.gll2

5 ,14 x 106

Inol

J mol-'

- S.l* x lor kJ rnol-'

6.t,?xlO'l J

6a.7 kl

r
be
of

CeC(t

: 4o.o + l( 35.S)
: ,tl.'o Snd

an

Ale

xT

9*L quel

I
I

'I
I

goog

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

..

O.7S7l. rnol

___l

looog

627oo J

?(. - 6z-l

* tire 4

: (soo)C+.18) tgo)

:
:

li+re

0.?s7.1

rllrLo

rU i-l talf
i,idrt/rtir-rli
aJAVA
7

I itrlrrEtflllft.ilrkrr*i
IUVIj|ffULELilIslI

i
,

t ia) Th* rrxid*tir:rn

rf art*ni:*ia in *x.*sss *xyg*rl uith pi*tinuffi iat c;irslysi J:nadu*es 'rrilrl-rgan
"'-,,J wntsr'YaF{rLrr. l-lsing the enilralXric* of f*rntati*n glven h*l*w, c*l*uiat* rh* he*t
" '- .-'! '' itri
IilOIlfiX-l{l*
lei*aseil wh*n i .{i l.g *f nrnntc*in it hurnt in *tcecoi {rr.ygen {t *lmflsphsrir: trressur*

Hr#ts]
"t

-4r1.I

9ii.2-i

-:ii5.t

I
I
I
I
l

be

Stf,{kJ mot ii

I*13{*}

-t

[F

rll

iiiil

r-ntlr*lpy of cambtistion r:f nluitrinium ii S38 kJ mu.l-'.

11 nrarkJ
frJi
i+
rr#srti*ri
with
*ns*$s
{rnyEf;rr
in
arder
talcirliite tlre r*asr af alr;mii:riurn requirei
pr*du{e ?51 ttl tf
il marri

heat.

iiv! Cul*rhrt* thr: e*th*lpy

*trirrrin-ii:rn

(@

rrl' ibrmatiou af Al:S". fr*m the +ilth*lpy

xH.o: /2HSo(pdtl -

an

t.

[1 matkl

*f alunriniurtr, given that thr:

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

{i} Iletin* th* *nthulpy *f i:otubn$tisn uf alnminiur*.

r
l.t ! ., Write ihe ri:*rn'r+cherni**i eiluati*n ftx th* i-:cmbuiilirtn

ih]

r:i*xsi

AH+o: IaHcetrct;

Ale
AEi

srcpar*d

b-"'

(al

z aH.o (N* t

xT

3.)

EaUgo

alextan5S@email.com

*f r+mbusti*n
iI

of

'rr*r|ei

=
_:

ZaH*

(produc*s

[to.rs +*(-res.s) ] - t

'1

JaH, Cto"+"nh)

*ol

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

aH"

be

A{.[rur*.1

Aloc Tcn

_:_a9

r:Lt_kJ

ltro

- +6.rr

-r,

: St.8t rmol

an

- 192.3+

xT

s8.Gl

Ale

:t: -lllq5kJ

I
I

------'--------*-.-l

kl

A&Ton-

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

be

*o,.11r966,9!61n

tholes o+

qluhinirrm

o.Rg6a

Ale

xT

an

alurtlioiurn

*Ot

(qr

aHco

--+

AttQ t

(rofirr+)

- :. rH.o (

-- ?,( -t3g) - o

: - 1676 ktr rn

it4rlElEritEsrri
Ii Glt
tErJLuLi._rg+t.t

!{

ru

!f. ita
id Er/i tJruB
r*r lr-rrE i
,

S" Methanol, eF{3OlJ, is a c*nvenient liquid fuel.

Define the term sfandard enffialpy of eombusf,'on"

be

(i)
tii)

362K.

An experiment wa* condustefi t* dctermin* the enthalpy of *omhustlsn of

liquid methanol. The Bnergy ohtained from burning 2.12 g of methanol was
used ts lr*st 150 g *f wat*r" The temp*rature of th* wat*r rs*e frem 2SB K ro

U*e the data abov* ts caleulate * value fnr the enthalpy of

combustion of sne mole of iiquid methanol.

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

(a)

(7)

Mqthanol *an he synthesi*ed frsm rn*thsn& and steam by a pro*e*s that

fifrfrurs in tw* *tag**"

Sfage

CH4(g) + HzO(g)

E-=

A"Fr# = +206

Sfase

*0(s) + zHr($)

affo

tbi

=*
=

triT

3Hz(g) + CO(g) is

ruofr

CHsOH(s)

-91 kJ trol-l

The standerd e*thaipi*a ef coi'fibir*ticii af *ari:an mennxide end *f hydr*gen

,d[$ -ctiJ td. i{iltl-l ' Hiiil -ffiE {d iliijl .-{ , iE$Frd#r.!u+i$" US$ ilil$b$ fiEitd ,hiiU iilH
*r"iiheHpy **:*ilge f*r Sf*ge ts *,el+uiete * x*lu* f*r the sI*;"*dard *nlhalpy *f
*ambusti*n rf gasecus

Ale

xT

an

m+thanc!.

Ail Frepared

b;r.

alextanS8@email.com

{S}

r
___ IdL

knder slqncldrd condl+tons of

!!!
"nd pressrrre

knnp tlrc

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

----

i--.

be

\.

O=nrcO

! (rso) (+
s

362 -,q8)

rr0tz83

xrlobfr of

2.l?.
3e.o

Ale

4otz8 f

O.o66aS rtr,

nrelhanol

xT

an

o.o66cSrnol

: - 606 kJ mot-'

4llor -?l kf mol-' &

nthalru *ormeh'on o{ mgttrcnol

AHto = aflcc ( itcrctunt)

^Hjo:_!:.s3) " l(
aHre

(cH3ol{)

-f,86

dHcO ( piro,itr+ I

I - 4H.1!&QH1

= -a83-s-rl tqt
: *764 kf rnol-'

TEror-rrrrrr.Ersret
is* r.v
{ Eea,'i*i*n'r
A !rv!
.Jv9u!*as+A
r rJrv*
_7 I i1v

y'
a / il- Jr rJt{ttt;
s+^+^ IAE::}O
r!.-.*.-i rl-.i1w"
^"".
tr-

{hi{i}

OgFinifion

*e*in* stqfiiifrrii cnili*lgr3 *f **mhusti** f*r *fiflh*ri irifinoliide ftiid

be

l#ri"te the equ*tisn fqrr the rcaqti*g ir:v*lveel.

Hy usirig the duta b*!c;rrv, t*i$itlftte tii* si*iid*rd emtlr*ipy cf **inhxsti*ii

f*r rartx-rtt r.ru]:t{rxi,J*-

tii)

? he {"s}

Es-d-l.-fei rr

^bi#)\dl,

:r

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

l-x.

$f?

{"}'r

"< daf-r
+k.vrafrJ

{gi

t'.rl

i.-e;#.{{t;i

't rnfl- i*,t

Fof*s\ rr +L.vic\&t

'.}
&aei*.r

AFi* = =8?3kJ
,-rTi&: -?TbT

.JIr

--rrld

isl

Has*d *.ii the d*ta *el*w, expE*i* why sodrum ilieiai re&cts, vigrr*ualy
and" errotlmrmi,;ally i*:ith r:hi*nrrs gfrs,

itii)

Hat'*i :*-*F n** ig)

i I

+'?
--

lqttica energg
No

C( ' :

- 7gT kT rno l-,

Ale

xT

frr

Ail Fresarcd

b5,

qrrtt
l-l
-qfrr! r'.
i!i1
= =/QUlrJIIir-U

(^a^d l f{rta
-.\Er-.

an

;lr

r-a

I ta i$t -----.D
-,-3\E1..

.-1
^ * ".rff
Afrj*
= ++#4kJnir?i

alextanS8@gmail.com

,,

ry1

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

be

I lq$! s*es +ho+ .tho

o

3cl8 F

CD;p

*O.,.m-r coee

]g.:,') I Fe r.t r t tQ
l-----&9s$)lllo
I

cat

-+
ter ---,
--+

FerDg ts

an
xT

aHo

- 812

l, Fe tst * 3 cor cg t

3@1

-8ea + (-aT)

Ale

ard l.o cfnD.

kJ rnol'I

kr

? *c(,.o, E- , iool*,

Natsl

Date

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

be

aH* o ,of Nqc(

6o$ - 26o _
443 kf rnol'l

'

Sioct NaC( ;t on ionic

xT

an

$, 6H: for

Ale

Ct rgl

Nc cqt

Sq,t+

t+U I rrv
ff.arrr*tarJl
r IdrvE

I rva
itEl.rfrr"rriiit.aJtiaei

'EvvE!ilrd3r,t

{?}i }*th*** ic m*et r+mm**Ey usrd as

* f::el. Tn* *nthaipy r:f **mbusti*n *f m*thane i,s

ff#tr kJ m#l*l,
m,*r:kl
{;i **ril* * tir*rsn**he*:iesl eqx*iir* fer the q*mbusti*g pf m*tirsn*.
g
rrtsth*ne
rves
gas
tS
*f
bnrned
heat
rssa*r
ts:
F{r*i*
*it
fl
st*ve.
tal*ulate the ama,unt *f
iiil

heat *nergy pmdur*d.

be

Ale

xT

an

(iv]

12

r*a,*sl

tal*u}st* tht m**s *f rvat** i[:*t +a* bc lr*sted fr+m 15 off t* l** ofr by th* ar*c'r{ftt rf
silergy pradu*ed im b{ii}"
it rrrarr{si
o*
Suggett tt+s rea**a* rvhy the frn*l teilIF*ra*;re w*uld he lea-s,. than 1**
wh*n BS g *f
mer[ran* k bumed t* hrat ths mecs +f rr.,ater in hiiii].
i? r'rrer*s!

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

{ili}

11

Ail rrc*ared by alextan5S@smail.com

Date

+ 2Or

.---d

Corer

Hrojql

AH.o : -89O kf tnol"

methorie

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

of

be

ls io gosous stqf,
nsf tiguld Stqse

Q = rnca0

: ( nr) (+.18) (too-)s)

r6l :

rn (+.18) (7S)

Ale

xT

an

(x +.ro)

t\. ${+Ee<=.-rtor*EE

ie*f3E?.3eEEeE?EEgg*'
,

rf

r'r'-a

.'I tltl * ^* c-*3iii

i r...,..*'.
'rn ri-.ftT\Ji r
F+irissi*ffi i:yili*xi{E* =#i:*q dffi}F-3-rrri uticr 5#.# crii} i5*.* ei *iaqrie*ux
hy"rfu*g:*a *hic,'r'irtq i*iigittl.'* iti *x**rx) c*iiffiiileil ir a p*iyrf+"rtr iiip. A infitlriatiirf {lififlSe
&atrr 3fi"ift t* 4{i.#"C was r*r*rded l.'Eitli I tbrfitrr-}r::et'*r iE rfue *ciuti+*.
;_,lri
,-r\fiJi

r':ii.^ '-.^--^iit-- i--^-+ .=---.--^:fr- ^S ni.* -=1-rlll.iii.rll

:^ i '1 ; -'..- 1. * l'.
i F^ F ,,[i{it:- filiJiil.ii/Y LrJ. iliq -"^1"'n:^.= tr} +.'+
LitI.;SiJtr';ei,ii-

neilrifiiirnlr*,ii.
}virfc na baia;:**
fiiri#i,t *i6i*ti*n.
i:qufitifirl.
'-''iie
*q$firi*ri far
th* fih*irr
haig;t** *qilfitifffi
fbr t}i*

{rlii
, -.:.

r 'e'.
i'it}i}i

iisi

Civc *i:*

*f

rxti*niiici}rei riais

i2 nrarkj
,onri
lt rnftrkj
LI

p.l+-v:i*es" **icntr$i*

aH i-br the i*fiifi*ri"

[3 mari';tj
p*ir.=ryr+e*
*s* *"
*t:li

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

tEre

hent

tr*ti:r* tii*

be

{i}
'':"'[
{rii

iitlF*r*lasit r+fis&s "*rqr it ir; girrtbrahis t+

irxtrsd *f x piia*s ?:eaker"

{'"1
iiii

tvliy tlr*i:jri iii* r{{iiirrirlri

sii.i-rEii

i{rri*g titr r*a*ti*l:,

ill ni*rkj
ilI
q'

ni*r'fu-l

iir:Tfttie {lsH1s i* iiqeil *s fiiei

fr -----,i=I
I I l.l-li.ttlil

ii)

Fi*fi*r tii* tiext *f c*rrihu$ti*ii e"itk rela;ed t* sc{fifif

iiii

"f+iit* a Im3ai:re eq$fttifiri f*r tfur *iii:ri:usti** <if *rl*ne in *ir*sr sxyg*i-i"

{..ui} tnlc*l*t*

tlie "ctei}ds{d *ntk*lpy *ir+::rtlnaii*ei

i+11** ilig i:af*arcs r:*ra"

an

AlIr *fl{'-.ftt
.lt1;

,a*a.

r*-rl

xT

Sitir,f

i.i"r)

Ale
fu;'.

H;{i

-?8S kJ trr*tr-i

il*FIia

-25fi ii.I rn+tr-l

alextan5S@gmail.com

[1 ruatk;j

*f **$;re h3." *iilig tll*

-iU,ll;, fir*l- -l'

?{*e'i* tli* kn*wledge af st*fid*r'd

*ttrer *ra* tira.t qri=*s ii;r*l?

Aii preparcd

*eirhalp;*

*f e*ii:ixiafi*:r *seiiii

[3 m*t1ts]
ta n rhetrii'si
i? ruarlls]

t standcd-sndhd$g-lt-nedmotirdiso is the Hf-elgqsed

o+ H+is nqdndsed-tg.@tq@
-

6cl

1,,

q&arone nrde

anJ l.o alrrr.

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

of mo,e\ , t.oo
- 1.(J!., Nknber
Se.l
of koH
r*

&9q)

be

*_
)- ---.--.
kOH raot t-H-eLragl:l
lcr t_u l

o.0t78 rnol

rncO

(5o.o)(4,oo)(to)

1000,
L,,_ ____ 4+{___,.+_-'_
o'Ot7g

an

I"-^^.-al-^.

xT

! -

kJ tnol-'

" :t--EQeorrse-pdgstgMe. ca^p is

, (tv
I

Ale

----

il ). +

,ho,

IqFssdY__

,,

gooJ lreff ;n$dator- qo-d-iqs-q-

bl--; tir aHco o0 e@Iq

l

;s

--+
I

E&rt

,s *he heo+ rcleosed uuhen lrtlole oe oetqne-

,g!0ptelelg--!n erdss o"ggeLd!{0-K-qxd -t.,9 fu

I4-l S@:::L$9rqLl'

I H,o cg)

^F

be

--

a{d-:-Egr/-(sr-r!

Sltro)

:E!d ( cgH,a)

: 16('39$) + l8(-186) -1('aso)

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

-triil-

-'--:l-91eLt.f-llol:'

l--: ]-.-Ql5rlo:-lir!Dd'

AHco

, i+ musr he

xT

an

aryqel.@rtp@

Ale

--

?E:*r=+*&*sg:i-qg=-=.

: Ei+visi+ec ;

?, {p} Befine the *tamdan$ f,ur*mtion md laffiiee energy of wdiurm ehlonde eqyst*lline.

l,. *--1"-r
nel

g.r rflri$

grcssihl* flu*rid*s f$mmd by un sleffi*Brr fu{ nrc h{F *nd

*f"ht
hf
S*c*nr,l leniu"rnitn snerg,y *f M
limihaply *f atonriseai+lt elf F
flinthaply

*f

atormi*ation

+3*4"(} kJmlel'r

* *?31.$ k"lmmi't
* +2fi?3 kJmol-!
* +?*.# kJ*r*l"i

ii!*etr*n alEnity of F
= -322.*
[;r[tiqc formnti,un energy *f &{F' =- -Sf;$"t}

F:

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

gtlr* gr,*ration erergy cf

h,f

'x-he

be

{t}}

Lmsti** $hrm*a{** *n{rrgy mt"MFe =

kEm*E-l

k"trmrc}l"l

-?}S# kjm*i'!

UsEng the data alxrve,

{i}

*raw

{ii}

CaleuiaEe the *mtfralpy

(iiil

[f ttre entlralpy sf fhrsmation *f MFs is + 343.6kFm-*E^B-,rq'[uc[r ctln':poulid

a Bq:rn-${ab*n c3rel*

xT

Ale

ot fornrarion of hdl; .

pr*babl3r be flentr,*d when iu{ reaess Evigir F.

an

EviSB a:tmsg

f*r elrc fumnste** *f MF"

A*3 p;'eparea by alextan5S@gmail.com

fS marks!

[3 mnrksi

[3 rmar]ts]

r
be

Ch Fo
em urc
ist ha
ry m

NqCT

110+,6

.l

+n.o

Ale

i6Q.o

-Ila.o

an

MFrsl

Fr

al.f O - +28+.6 *}3l.O +?.1.o _Sl.l..O _16q.o

xT

tii

, E+

.1,

Mcer
*7gl.o

*r

- lg6.

+ kJ rnol" ,.

MF w;ll f,g

tvtF is rnsre

o.