1) Two methanol-water mixtures are contained in separate flasks.

The mixture
contains 40 wt% methanols, and the second contains 70 wt% methanols. If 200 g
of the first mixture are combined with 150 g of the second, what are the mass and
composition of the product?
Solution:
m1m = 0.4
Flask
m11w = 0.6

200 gm
Combination
Products

m2m = 0.7
Flask
m22w = 0.3

150 gm

- assume steady state

- no chemical reactions
INPUT = OUTPUT
mTm (IN) = 0.4 x 200 + 0.7 x 150 = 185 gm = mTm (OUT)
mTw (IN) = 0.6 x 200 + 0.3 x 150 = 165 gm = mTw (OUT)
mTp = mTm + mTw = 185 + 165 = 350gm
methane = 52.86 % by mass
water = 47.14 % by mass

2) One thousand Kilograms per hour of a mixture containing equal parts by mass
of benzene (C 6H6) and toluene (C 7H8) are distilled. The flow rate of the overhead
product stream is 488 Kg/h, and the bottom stream contains 7.11 wt % benzene.
Draw and label a flowchart for the process. Then calculate the mass and mole
fractions of benzene and the molar flow rates of benzene and toluene (mole/h) in
the overhead product stream.
OPo = 488 kg/h
Solution:
mbo = ?
a)
mto = ?
F = 1000 kg/h
Distillation
mb = 500 kg/h
OPl = ?

m t = 500 kg/h
mbl = 0.0711 OPl
mtl = ?
CMB:
F = OPo + OPl ;

OPl = F - OPo = 1000 488 = 512 kg/h

mbl = 0.0711 OPl = 0.0711 x 512 = 36.4 kg/h

mb = mbl + mbo
;
mbo = mb - mbl = 463.6 kg.h
mto = OPo - mbo = 488 463.3 = 24.4 kg/h
mtl = mt - mto = 500 24.4 = 475.6 kg/h
Check:

mtl + mbl = 512

475.6 + 36.4 = 512

b) mass and mole fractions of benzene:

Mwtb = 78 gm/mol
Mwtl = 92 gm/mol
Xb = mb / mT = 0.5
Xbo = 463.6 / 488 = 0.95
Xbl = 36.4 / 512 = 0.0711
nb = 500 / 78 = 6.4 mol

nt = 500 / 92 = 5.4 mol

Yb = 5.4 / 11.8 = 0.46

nT = 11.8 mol

nbo = 463.6 / 78 = 5.9 mol

nto = 24.4 / 92 = 0.27 mol

Ybo = 5.9 / 6.2 = 0.95

nTo = 6.2 mol

nbl = 36.4 / 78 = 0.47 mol

ntl = 475.6 / 92 = 5.17 mol

Ybl = 0.47 / 5.64 = 0.08

nTl = 5.64

c) molar flow rate of benzene and toluene in the overhead stream:

mbo = 463.6 kg /h
nbo = 463.6 / 78 = 5.9 kg/h

mto = 24.4 kg/h

nto = 24.4 / 92 = 0.27 kg/h

3) Strawberries contain 15 % solids and water 85 % by mass. To make strawberry

jam, crushed strawberries and sugar are mixed in a 45: 55 ratio, and the mixture is
heated to evaporate water until the residue contains 1/ 3 water by mass. Draw and
label a flowchart of this process, and use it to calculate how many Kgs of
strawberries are needed to make 1 Kg of jam.
Solution:
Evep Water

m (W.e) = ?

m (Str) = 45 gm
Mixer

m (Su) = 55 gm

IN

Jam

Heater
m (w) = 1/3 J
m (s) = ?
m (su) = ?

OUT

m (wi) = 0.85 x 45 = 38.25 gm

m (si) = 0.15 x 45 = 6.75 gm
CMB :
Suger: In = Out
m (sui) = 55 gm = m (suo)
Solides : In = Out
m (si) = 6.75 gm = m (so)
m (so) + m (so) = 2/3 m (J) = 61.75 gm
m (J) = 92.625 gm
m(wo) = 1/3 m (J) = 30.875 gm
m (wi) = m (we) + m(wo)
m (we) = 38.25 30.875 = 7.375 gm
J
0.092625 kg

Str
0.045 kg

1 kg

x =?
x = 0.486 kg

Answer:
0.486 kgs of strawberry are necessary to make 1 kg jam.

Appendix
Used Units and their conversions:
Volume [V] in :
1 m3

= 1000 L

1L

= 1000 cm3
1 m3

= 106 cm3

Number of Moles [n] in :

mol

Molecular weight [Mwt] in:

g/mol

Mass [m] in:

1kg

= 1000 gm