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Methods of Psychology
Part 1
Unit 1: Chapters 1 and 2
How do we study the mind?
Are todays approaches to psychology adequate?
Critical Vocabulary
Unit I
Approaches to Psychology
Psychology
Scientific study of human and animal behavior
A Theory
A general framework or idea for scientific
study.
Cognition
The mental processes involved in acquiring
knowledge.
Psychoanalysis
Theory developed
by Freud that
attempts to explain
personality,
motivation, and
mental disorders by
focusing on
unconscious
determinants of
behavior.
Humanistic Approach
A psychological approach that stresses that
(Neuro)biological
views behavior as
Behavioral
A theory of behavior that stresses observable
events.
Sociocultural
Behavior is
influenced by
rules
and
expectations
of
social groups,
families
or cultures.
Evolutionary
Theory that examines behavior in terms of its
adaptive value for humans over time.
A Psychologist
A person who
specializes in the
diagnosis and
treatment of
mental problems
and disorders.
A Psychiatrist
Medical doctor who
specializes in the
diagnosis and
treatment of
mental problems
and disorders.
Gerontology
The study
of aging!
WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY?
CHARACTERISTICS
DEFINITION
PSYCHOLOG
Y
EXAMPLES
Non-EXAMPLES
behavior.
Explain WHY people and animals act the
way they do
Predict use the knowledge gathered to
predict an outcome
Influence finding out more through
research and application of research
profile
of psychology in 1879
Wundt known as Father of Psychology
in the USA
Why would Psychology take off in the USA as
opposed to Europe???
science of psychology:
Structuralism led by Wilhelm Wundt
Structuralists focused on analyzing consciousness into
basic elements
Introspection careful, systematic observations of
ones own conscious experience
Functionalism led by William James (at Harvard)
Functionalists focused on investigating the function or
purpose of consciousness
functionalists
Today, psychologists are not really categorized as
structuralists or functionalists
Applied psychology and Behaviorism are the
descendants of functionalism
*Why would Functionalism beat out
Structuralism?
**With a partner, create a timeline of the
evolution of psychology
NATURE v. NURTURE
Each of the 7 approaches to psychology has
its own viewpoint on this debate
America
Founder of Behaviorism
Psychology = scientific study of behavior
Behavior = overt or observable responses or activities
America
Following Freuds work of the early 1900s,
a loose alliance
Humanism was born
Led by Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) and Carl
Rogers (1902-1987)
acquiring knowledge
1950s and 60s Piaget, Chomsky
Application of scientific methods to
ECLECTIC PSYCHOLOGY
*Jay Worksheet
outrageous celebrity
you can.
Write a list of 5
behaviors this person
You may be as
has exhibited.
ridiculous in your
Then explain the
reasoning as the
behaviors from the
behavior itself as long
point of view of each
as it falls in line with
major perspective.
the perspective.
Dennis Rodman
Explanations
Biological: He has a high
Want to major in
psychology?
Psychologist v.
Psychiatrist
Psychologist
Psychiatrist
specializes in the
diagnosis and treatment
of mental problems and
disorders.
Hold an PhD or EdD
specializes in the
diagnosis and treatment
of mental problems and
disorders.
Hold an MD
Prescribe Medication
A psychologist who
COUNSELING
A psychologist who
Psychology
Educational
Psychology
Community
Psychologist
Industrial/Organizati
onal Psychologist
Forensic Psychologist
Psychobiologist
Experimental
Psychology
School Psychologist
Sports Psychology
OTHER:
Hotline advisor;
salesperson; life coach; HR;
Mental Health Assistant