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SSCCGLExam(TierI):QuantitativeAptitude:RatioandProportion:Concepts&FreeOnlinePractice

Ratio
Introduction
Ratioistherelationwhichonequantitybearstoanotherofthesamekind.Theratiooftwoquantitiesaand
bisthefractiona/bandwewriteitasa:b.
Intheratioa:b,wecallaasthefirsttermorantecedentandb,thesecondtermorconsequent.
Note:Themultiplicationordivisionofeachtermofaratiobythesamenonzeronumberdoesnotaffect
theratio.
Compound Ratio: It is obtained by multiplying together the numerators for new numerator and
denominatorsfornewdenominator.
Example1.Iftheratiosare4:3,15:20,2:6and3:5findthecompoundratio?

Example2.Ifwedivide4185intotwopartssuchthattheyareinratio7:2,thenfindthevaluesofboththe
parts?
Sol2.Lettheactualvariablebe7xand2x.

So,the1stpart=7
The2ndpart=2
Note:
Theratiooffirst,secondandthirdquantitiesisgivenby
Iftheratiobetweenfirstandsecondquantityisa:bandthirdandfourthisc:d.

Similarly,theratiooffirst,second,thirdandfourthquantitiesisgivenby
ace:bce:bde:bdf
Iftheratiobetweenfirstandsecondquantityisa:bandthirdandfourthisc:d.

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SSCCGLExam(TierI):QuantitativeAptitude:RatioandProportion:Concepts&FreeOnlinePractice

Proportion
Introduction:
Four quantities are said to be proportional if the two ratios are equal i.e.
the A, B, C and D are
proportion.Itisdenotedby::itiswrittenasA:B:C:DwhereAandDareextremesandBandCare
calledmeans.
Productoftheextreme=Productofthemeans
Directproportion:Thetwogivenquantitiesaresorelatedthatifonequantityincreases(ordecreases)
thentheotherquantityalsoincreases(ordecreases).
Example1.If5penscostRs10then15pencost?
Sol1.Itisseenthatifnumberofpensincreasesthencostalsoincreases.So,
5pens:15pens::Rs10:requiredcost

Inverseproportion:Thetwogivenquantitiesaresorelatedthatifonequantityincreases(ordecreases)
thentheotherquantityalsodecreases(orincreases).
Example2.If10mencandoaworkin20daystheninhowmanydays20mencandothatwork?
Sol2.Hereifmenincreasethendaysshoulddecrease,sothisisacaseofinverseproportion,so
10men:20men::requireddays:20days

Ruleofthree:ItIsthemethodoffinding4thtermofaproportionifalltheotherthreearegiven,ifratiois
a:b::c:dthen,

ALLIGATION
Introduction:
Thewordallegationmeanslinking.Itisusedtofind:
1.Theproportioninwhichtheingredientsofgivenpricearemixedtoproduceanewmixtureatagiven
price.
2.Themeanoraveragevalueofmixturewhenthepriceofthetwoormoreingredientsandtheproportion
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SSCCGLExam(TierI):QuantitativeAptitude:RatioandProportion:Concepts&FreeOnlinePractice

inwhichtheyaremixedaregiven.
MathematicalFormula:
Fortwoingredient:

Then(cheaperquantity):(dearerquantity)=(dm):(mc)
Example1:IfthericeatRs3.20perkgandthericeatRs3.50perkgbemixedthenwhatshouldbetheir
proportionsothatthenewmixturebeworthRs3.35perkg?
Sol1:CPof1kgofcheaperriceCPof1kgofdearerrice

Hencetheymustbemixedinequalproportioni.e.1:1
Example2:FindouttheratioofnewmixturesothatitwillcostRs1.40perkgfromthegiventhreekindsof
ricecostingRs1.20,Rs1.45andRs1.74?
Sol2:1stricecost=120,2ndricecost=145and3rdricecost=174paisa.
Fromtheaboverule:wehave,

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SSCCGLExam(TierI):QuantitativeAptitude:RatioandProportion:Concepts&FreeOnlinePractice

Therefore,threericemustbemixedin39:20:20ratiostohaveanewmixtureofrice.

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