Water Eng III (WEN301T)

• J Snyman
• 3-513
• 012 382 5212 082 805 1552
• snymanj@tut.ac.za
• M Theron Moderator (UP)

• NOTE: 3 tests + 1 assignment (equal weight)

Dates:
• 22/02/2010
• 12/04/2010
• 03/05/2010

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 Hydrology

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 Hydrology

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 Facts about Water

• 97% occurs as saline water

• 3 % Fresh water of which ± half is in
Ice-sheets & glaciers, 0,3% is active
water

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Introduction
• Movement of water on & over the ground
• Deals with various forms of moistures
• Deals with various places where moisture
occur
• Observation & Measurement of
– Precipitation, runoff, percolation, river flow,
evaporation, ….

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Practical application

• Used by engineer to interpret flow

– For design of dams
– Flood control
– Bridges

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Hydrology cycle
• Movement of H2O from sea to land
– See Fig 1.1
– Not that simple (Droughts & Floods)
– Intensity & frequency depends on geography
& climate
– Man can have some control over the part
where the water fall on the earth
– Know all the terminology

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Cycle • Water evaporate from sea by solar
radiation
• Precipitation occurs as snow, hail &
rain
• Some infiltrates into soil, some
percolates into saturated ground
soil beneath water table (phreatic
surface)
• Water evaporate and flow to rivers
into lakes, dams and the sea
• From here water flow slowly to
rivers
• Transpiration takes place from
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leaves of plants
Hydrology as applied by
Engineers
• Used as tool for designing hydraulic structures
• Estimate the capability of supplying water
through a catchment area
• Calculate storage and spillway capacity of a dam
• Calculation will always be an estimate
• River basis management can be done
• Civilisation depends on water therefore the role
of a hydrologist will increase

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• describe the hydrological cycle (EH Chap1 p1)
• discuss the application of hydrology in
engineering (EH Chap1 p3, WSS Chap4 p77)
• evaluate the following storage equation:
Input = Output +/- Storage

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