Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
B2C
Z f z f vf :x *
1848 Zh z 1847 d fd y *
x Z *
/f }Z yz \f f x fd 1848 f fd *
//// : *
--------------------------------------g :gZ *
2000&03&17 : f *
:zZ gZ (f dZ) i ifd *
nasim@tele2.se
B C
[ *
fz z Zzhf '1
14
z fz '2
22
z \dZ '3
22
fZ '1
22
Zd 'Z
23
}gZzhf yd '[
24
@A '_
27
Zzhf f '2
28
30
31
g *
35
Zdd *
(1) [
`` }Z`` `` }``zfZ }``z`` `` /```` `` ' ``Z fZ`` z `` fd ``zfZ fd ``
/x z Z }dZf ,z z ,fZ z ^ :Z y Z i
```` w`` ``Z `` \f`` `` `` `` ,```` `` ````g``Z [`` x ``Z ``
`` yZ`` Zf ```` w``Z pZd d`` ```` `` ````g``Z [`` x ``Z `` ?``fZ`` x }zf
? yZ z xgZ
/d zd Z Z gZ
/ f Zf d xZ zfZ }f
fd Zf ```` \```` z ```` z \```` ```` `` ``Z y``f fd x ``z `` v``
Zf [`` d`` ```` ```` `` ````Z ```` fd z ``fZd x`` Zf`` x```` `` ``Z``
/d fZ
J
Zf ````g @````A z ```` d`` x`` fd x`````` ```` }`` }```` f`` ````
```` f``Z ``f``Zd z }`````` z ``````Z z ```` z ``Z`` z ``Z }`````` x``Z ``
/d }f a
*6fz z Zzhf '1
/Z ygf f *7Zd dz x f
`` ```` ' ,d```` z *8f``d``Z ,q`` z ```` ,`` z `````` ,y`` z dZg d``
,f`` y`` z x`` y`` ,o``Z`` }Z ygf`` `` z yd`` ``Zd d`` fd ```` `` `` z
\`` t`` }`` `` `` z ```` ``Z`` x``g`` ````Z v`` `` `` f`` `` `` }Z ygf``
/Z ydg d ,d
` ` q`` `` ```` ```` `` ```` `` `` `` fd `` ,``f`` fZzdZ `` fd
, Z , wzf fd / Z x \ gZ ``` }` `fd
`` q`` z xZd```` ,xZf``d``Z ,````Zz ,vZd`` x````fZ `` ``z xz`` fd z x``d`` ,`` ``
/dfZd dz } fd \ Z fd fd z df
gZ Zf ```` d`` ,y`` xz`` vZd`` ```` vZzg ```` xzfd gZ `` ,}gZzhf`` ```` ````
Zf ygf`` ```` v``Z z `` z f`` ```` ``Z`` ,```` \`` `` `` ,``Z yd`` x``
3
/Z yd
yd yd Zf `` d` ` `Z ` ` }ZfZd ,}gZzhf` xZfzd ` ,` xZfzd z
fd ` uf` ` zd ` ,`` uf` y`zdfZ zd ` ` gZ ` `` `Z` /`Z
/fz z }gZzhf :d Z ydZ Z
dZg x Z gZ ;`` `` `` ` dZg `Z `z xz` }` q` gZ
/ z }gZzhf
}Z yg`` ``g ,d`` Y``fZ v`` fd `` }gZzhf`` }Z`` ,```` fzd ````fd yZf z ```` ``
````z ``Z``Z ,\Z`` `` ``d`` ,```` f``Z z `` z ```` `` fZg`` /dfz d````
`` x```` `` `` dZd ```` x`` ```` z }df````fd z ````fg`` `` ,w`` f`` ```` z ``d``
m`` z m``Z v`` fd `` Zf vZd`` ```` ````Z ```` ```` ```` x```` z d`` ````
/d ,d
f` fd `` }`fZg` \ZgZ` `` Zf ```` ``d x``Z `` `` `` Zd`` `` y``
`` ```` y``f`` xZd``Z /```` }`` ```` Z`` }`` /`` ```` ``Z`` ,d`` ``Z``Z
}`` z ``f x`` gZ x`````` }Z ```` }````g`` `` f`` `` ;```` y``Zf `` ````
/dZd Z }f gZ fd f Zf d
gZ ``d `` }`` ```` /d`` ``Z``Z v`` fd ```` ```` z ``f v`` fd Zd ``fZg`` ``Z
```` /``d`` d``Z ````Z `` ```` fd ```` z f`` y`` /`` ```` x }```` y``
`` ;`` }`````` Zf `` ```` `` }`` z ```` Zf }`` ```` }`` ```` uf``
/ }Zzhf , } xd
fZg`` /dfz d```` ,d`` yd`` `` ``g Z`` ```` `` `` ,Zf ```` fZg`` ,uf`` ````
d Z Z /dZd }Z yd`Z r` ` ` yZf gZ m`fZ z }df``fd z \f` ` ``
`` `` yZf z ``Zf `` z \f`` ,```` `` `` x`` z d`` ```` ```` ```` fd
```` `` z dz``Z `` ```` }`` `````` `` z `````` ```` z ``f `` }gZzhf`` ````
/Z d z xz xg Zf
z ```` ```` x```` `` v`` d`` ```` }gZzhf`` `` `` y```` ```` ````
/Z d z y fd \
}gZzhf /Zd gZ *9ZZ `` `` ``` ,}gZzhf` `` `Z` `Z gZ ` `
```` z `` `` \f`` *10x`` fd d`` `` `` vZd`` x````fZ `` w`` ``
` @`` `A ' ` fd z *11d`` }`` `` }f`` ' ``Z fd ,`` fd ```` ``
4
```` yd`` y``Zg `` ``f`` /``Z ``f `` gZ ``f`` }Z`` `` f`` `` `` fd z ydZd ``d
gZ ```` `` ``Z`` `` Zf ```` y`` ````Z`` z ```` yd`` `` }z gZ z dd`` `` v``
`` `` dd`` `` `` d`` ``f`` }Z`` `` ``f`` `` ```` /d`` ```` Z`` ``
}`` `` gZ z ,`` }`` z /``Z }fz`` `` Y`` z jd`` `` }Z`` `` `` ````z
,d`` ydz``Z f`` `````` `` `` `` x`` /`` ```` qf`` `` }z`` ,(29) f``
z ```` v``Z `` `` x`` :```` `` ``Z gZ `` /d```` ```` d`` `` `` x``
d`dgZ [` yZ` ,dd` ydz`Z *17f` `` `` `` `` x`` ,```` ```` f`` ``
`` `fd ` z ` x`g \` ` fd wg f` ` `Z`Z `fd yZ` z f` \``
/y z
v fZd `` uf` ``f` ` Zf v`f``` f`d`Z `` y`f` ,`` ``
,xZ``f`` /```` `` xZg```` ```` ``Z y`` d`` ````f`` fd `` ``f`` }`` yd`` /````
fZ`` xZ``Z z xZfZd ``fd gZ ```` ``Z`` `` \f`` `` ,`` yd`` xZg```` ````
`` z gzf `` `` ```` }gZzhf`` ```` z }gZzhf`` `` x```` `` `` x`` /````
`` `` Zf x`` ````f`` ```` }``Zzhf`` d`` `` gZ `` z ````f`` `````` z ```` ````
z q`` }``f`` `` `` Zf }gfzd`` ,dZ``Z ``Z `` ygZ``Z `` /``fz `` fd ```` \f``Z
`` f```` z ``Z ``f`` z `` `` ygZ``Z x`` ,dfZd w``Z ```` *18```` ``
/dg Zf }
` `` `` ` ` `` ,` wg ` `d f` fd zg` fzg z \f` ygZ`Z `
``d `` z `` q``Z /*19d`` d`` f`` ```` `` xg f`` ygZ``Z x`` ' ```` ``f
z ` ` ` ` `f` fZ`Z ` ' `` `d gZ Zf d` ``Z `Z `f` ` }Z`
/fZd wg Zf qf
Zf ```` d`` w``Z`` ``f`` z `````` w``Z xZ``f`` gZ ````f`` ```` f``Z ``
z`` z fZ````d z ```` ```` ```` }gZzhf`` ``d }`` yg`` ,``Zd ````fd `` v`` \f``
/Z y z
`` ,```` xZfZ````f z `` ,```` xZfZd ````f`` `` ,```` `` ```` }````
`` `` xZ`` }Z y`` ,```` `` ``Zd ``f``z`` q`` `` \`` ``Z `` ' x````d z xZfz
`` ````f y`` gZ z `` ``f `` `` }```` ```` ``Zd }Z`` `` ```` ``````
```` ````z v`` fd x`` `` \f`` `` }Z`` }Z y`` z `` `` `` `` uf`` xZfZd ``````
/ dfZz fz yg fd }dZZ Z \ w gZ x /d jgfZ
9
```` `` Zf x`````` ``Z`` xZ``f`` z ``Z uf`` ```` v`` `` m``fZ ````z wzZ`` ``f
}`` x```` w`` `` ``Z wg ``Zf ``Z `` /```` \```` }`` ``Z ``Z fd ,dg`` m````
```` z `` ygf`` `` \f`` ``Z ``Zz `` `` }ZfZd `` `` fd `` Zf `` ygf``
x```` `` ```` x z /``Z ```` ygf`` `` d`` `` ```` ygf`` `` /dg`` ````
}``f``z`` ,``d`` ```` ``g`` ````zf }``Zf yf`` d``z ``Z fd ,jd``Z }Z`` ``z xz``
/dfz d v l fd } yZf
``f `Z fd ` ` ' `` [` \f` w`Z` z ` ` `f`z` ` `Z
/dd dfZd dz xZf d
`` \``g`` gZ z `` `` d```` ````z`` z `` z ```` ``d f`` `` ``Z z
`` `` xZ`f` `` gZ `` ` ` ``` Zf ` ,yd` yd`Z }gZzhf` }``
fd ```` yd f`` gzf `` m```` x```` ``Z `` ``Z gZ ,d`` ydZd `````` \f`` x `` z y``
/xZ
``f x```` `` n`` }f`` gZ dfZd d``z `` ```` xzfd fd `` ````d`` `` f``
,qZZ g fd :Z oZ ygf v fd }gZzhf / \ fz`
`` ``Zd f`` z ``Z d`` ```` ```` `` `` ```` `` }gZzhf`` gZ ```` x ``
dZ``Z ``f``z`` gZ ``Z `````` }gZzhf`` \Zgf`` ``Z `` `` /```` }``f`` `` }gZzhf``
d`` ``Z ``Z```` /```` ```` `` ```` `` Zf zZ x`` ```` z `` }f`` `` Zf }z z ``
Zf ` a` `d \f` ,`` Zf *22d` jg` `` `f`z` ` ` `gZzhf`
/dfZ }z fZ fd
`f`z` `Z` Zf `` ` gZ `` z w` }`` `` `` ``d ``` ,`` ``Z z
d``g xZ`` `` x``Z ,```` fZ`` ```` j``d Zf `` ````g ``Z`` ``Z `` z ``Zf ``
/fz yZ fz }Z Zf *23jg
xzfd fd }Z x ,d d ` ` `` ygf` `` ,w`Z`
d`` `` d`` }```` z j`` `` `` x`` ,d```` `` w``Z `` ```` w`` z ```` ``
gZ y`` `` }Z `` `` ,````Z `` `` y`` xZd``zf x gZ ```` `` gZ ```` `` ``
` }gZzhf` }` ` gZ ` ` ,`` `` ` `Z ` ` /``` ` ,`zZ x
tfd `` `` Zzhf`` xZ`` ```` gZ `` x ```` z ,}gZzhf`` gZ `` `` x``Z ,````
/z fz Z y f o f
``Z Zz ` ` `f`z` ` `fZd fZ` }gZzhf` `` fd x`Z ` `` ` `
11
`` v`` z ```` `` vZzg z m``Z yZf uf`` ```` ```` ``Z `` ,``d \`` w`` /``Z
/Z uf v z y d fz
' ,x````d z xZfz `` ,`` yd`` xZ``Zd`` ,```` ```` x```` `` ,`` `` q``
/ d }gZzhf , vZzg gZ , xZ ,Zf d }Z `
Zg , , ` `Z gZ ` /`f` `` ` ` ``Z ` `
fd `` ``Z `` ``Z gZ `` ```` `` ````Z `` ``Z /``Zd`` g`` `` `` Zf ``f`` b`` ``
gZ `` `` o``d d`` `` ```` gZ Z`` ,```` y``Zf ``f``z`` q`` `` ```` ``Z l``
Zf ``f``z`` `` `` ```` t`` Zf ```` \```` `` ,```` ``Z`` ```` `` ````
/
x```` fd ,`` ```` }```` ```` ```` `````` ``Z v`` ``Z ,``f``z`` ````
````g ```` ``z ``Z `` z d`` y`` `` q`` ,m`` ```` fd ,}f``z`` [``Z
/z fZ \ z d Zf d Z
``f``z`` /``Z y`` d```` `` ```` ``Z`` ``d ,``f``z`` ````g vZ``Z z o``zZ fd
``z ```` }gZzhf`` }`` ydZ```` \```` `` ``g`` z xg `` }z \```` ;dfZ`` ````
z xZ fd yZ , p g fd \fZ y z f` ;dfZ` ``
/`Z ydzdg `f`z` gZ Zf ` ` ``` ,`Z `Z` ` x` z `` fd yZ` z `Z`
```` `` `` fd `` }gZzhf`` `` `` `` }``d `` }z }Z`` ,```` ,r``Z ,x````
/Z y x }gZzhf
`` Zf ```` ```` z ``z x `````` `` ,\d`` x``f gZ `` ,`` \`` w``
```` ,`` ```` Zf `` `` g`` `` ``Z`` Zf ```` w`` z `` `` ``Z ydfz ``
y`` ``Z`` `` ``fz ```` Zf ```` y```` }``z`` ``Z`` ````g `` ``f``z`` ``Z /``g``
gZ ``Z ``Zd d``z x```` `` Zf ```` }`` y`` `` v`` `` fd z d`` `` ````
`` x`` ` Zf ` ```` `` ,`` `` `` ``fZ`` }`` d`` gZ `` f``z`` /```` x``
/Zd d x z x Z z d Zf
wZ Z d d z yd Z Zd dz x `` ` `
`` ````Z d`` `` ``Z `` ````Z `` *24`` ``f``z`` `` /``Z ```` ``
`` ``Z`` z d```` ``Z`` ,```` ```` `` ```` ```` `` ,``f``z`` /d```` w``Z
`` ,```` `` Zf ``f ```` `` `````` x ```` }``zf w`` `` `` dgZ``Z``
/dd
12
13
z fz '2
?fZd f fz z
/ fZ }f [ZZ d Z fd [
/fZ , Z fz gZ ,
x [``f`` fd Zf }f``z`` `` `` Z`` `` ``fz `` x`` Zf *26}Z y``z v``Z ``
/ yz vZ
\Zgf` fd `` ,`` gZ ` `Z `Z fd ` }f`z` [Z`Z `d ` `` r`
`` fd ,x`` ```` gZ `` q`` Zf ``f``z`` `` t`` ```` ,x`````` `` }``f``z``
ygf`` `` `````` `` ``Z`` fd ``d q`` gZ z ,`` `` o``d x gZ z ```` fZ`` ``
/ w z x x , }gZzhf z fz
J
`` z ``f`` `` }``f`` [Z``Z *27`` `````` `` ,`` ```` ```` ````
fd `f`z` yd` ` ` ` `` `` ,}f` n` gZ `Z z ;` ` ` t`
/Z yd }fz z x z Z x Z Z
`` `` :`` `` fd }f``z`` [Z``Z ``d `` ``Z x`` ```` q`` ````d``
`` `` \f` gZ`Z z }gZzhf` \d` `` x`` ,`` `` \f`` ``f``z`` ````
/fz
z x ,Z z yZ ` ` `` `` `f` \``
/ , yd oZZ
`` x z ```` }f`` ygf`` ``Zz \```` `` x`` gZ ``Z \f`` `` \```` ``Z
} ,Zd dz x \`` Y`Z /dfZd x`` ` x``d `Z` fd ` `f`
/
``f`` `` \`` z ``f`` ``Zd \Z`` j``d ```` ```` \```` ``
/Z yd
J
/d x Zf }gZzhf z Zf Zd Z [Z
Y``Z gZ ``Z \f`` `` ,`` `` f`` ```` Y``Z gZ \f`` ```` y`` ``
/}gZzhf
`` z ```` x`` `` `````` z ```` ,}gZzhf`` ```` ```` ```` ``Z z
/Z *28d gZ d fZ z }d Z
14
```` Y``Z :`` ```` ``Z `` fd Zf d`` }f`` ``Z`` ```` n`` ``Z gZ
/
ydfz ```` `` Zf ```` ``Z`` `` ```` fZ`` ```` df`` Zf ```` ``
}d` v`Z z `` z `dZg ` d` ` Zf `` ,`Z ` d`` f`` `` z y``
/g Zf
}gZzhf`` yd`` ```` x``d`` `` E``Z ```` z f`` y`` z ````d ```` `` ````
Z`` `` `` ``Z wg `` ?d`` }gZzhf`` ```` xZfzd gZ `` `` `` `` ``Z ````d yd`` z
x ```` Y``Z f`` fd z ```` `` y``gzf f`` Z`` `` ``Z ```` ``f ``Z ,``g`` ``
/Z
?Z }gZzhf gZ z
f`` /```` ?`` d``Z ```` }z }Z`` ``f``z`` f`` `` }fzd`` f`` `` z
`` z `` f``Z Zf }fzd`` f`` `` dfz `` d```` Zf ```` x `` `````` ,}fzd``
/`` jf``Z `` `` ```` d``Z }```` }fzd`` f`` `` ```` ``Z``Z ``Z`` ``f`` fd
``` zd `` x``Z /``Z }fzd`` f`` z `````` `` d`` `` `` x ```` `` fd ````
/d fZ f df Zf d Z
}`` `` `` ```` fd `` `` w`` `` v``Z }`` `` xd`` fZd ``````
`` ` z `Z ` `d v` `` `````` /`` `` x fd ````Z w`` `` v``Z
YZ ` t` `` `` ` ` `` fd z Y`Z gZ }` y` t` ``
/ fd Z
/Z Z z }d }z
v`` ```` Y``Z `` `` `` ,`` ``d ```` `` `````` ```` `` Z````
/``Z y`` ```` ````Z ```` `` ```` ```` `` `` x `` fd `` ``Z ,dd``
/ d gZ Zf d z Z
/gZd }fzd f xZ
}Z` ` ` ``z ```` `` ,d`` ``Z`` gZ ``Z \f`` }fzd`` f`` ```` }``
``Z `` fzd`` ``f`` `` Zf `` ``Z```` /`` ````g ``f`` xZ`` ``Z`` `` ``Z wg ``f`` ``
fd ```` `` /``Z ```` ````g ```` ```` }Z`` ```` ,dfz `` `` ```` ````
f g d }Z ,Zf f \` `` ` ` ` x d`
}zg`` ``g xZ`` x `` `` `` d``Z }dZg`` `` ``Z `` ``Z ,```` x`` gZ ,dz``
15
``Z /```` ``Z`` z `````` i``Z `` ?``Z fZ``Z ````Z `` `` }gZzhf`` ```` ydZ````
z ``f``z`` }f``Z `````` `` z dfZd d``z }gZzhf`` }Z`` `` v`` z w`` \f`` ydZ````
/Z x Y
vZzg `` zd `` vZzg z dz`` `` gZ d`` `` ``Z ``f x`` gZ `` }gZzhf`` ydZ````
/Z w~
```` `` ?``d ```` d`` v``Z gZ ````Zz f``Z `` ``Z`` `` `` ``g`` Zf ``
/ qZZ
,``g`` fZ```` Zf ````Z ```` ```` ```` }`` `` ``z `` ```` `` z
/ x gZ dfZd dz xZ }Z Zf Z
x jfz`` ``Z y`` `` `` ?`` ```` `` d`` jfz`` y`` `` `` ``Z
`` ` z ` ``d ` z `` jfz` f` ` x xzfd fd ` ``Z \``
oZ``Z d`` gZ Zf jfz`` fd ```` ```` ```` ?`` y`` z ``f`` ```` gZ ````
```` `` e`` ```` ``g gZ Zf jfz`` f`` z ```` `` Zf x `` `` `` ,``
/ xz
`` gZ `` ``f``z`` `` fd ``dZ```` }`````` uf`` ```` ``f ```` fd `` ygZ``Z ``
yz ygZZ x ,d v f fZZ z yd } xd ygZZ z `
d``Z `` v``Z z ````Zz `` `` ``Zzf z jfz`` z ydZ```` yf``fd }gZzhf`` }`` ``Z``
/ \
/ Zf xg tZZ Z :g Z }gZzhf
y` df` `` `` }`fZ`Z ` d` }z /d` `` fZ`Z ` ` Zf d` xg Zzhf`
x`` ``Z `` `` `` }``d f`` ``Z`` `` ``Z ```` Z`` ,```` fZ`` ```` }fZd``
/ Z xg
`` `` ,x``g ``z ``Z `` `` `` `` `` ``Z `` ```` i`` ``Z`` `` }z
/dd ,x xd fZZ
,g f tZZ Z gZ }Zzhf Z z gZ } Zz
``Z ,`` `` Zf xg tZ``Z ```` `` wg /`` ,```` `` ```` `` ``
/Z Zd dz tZZ
z ``gf`` ``Z ,``fZd f``Z `` Zf d`` }``f``z`` xZ``d z x``g ```` ,`` }``Zzhf``
/ f yZf gZ Zf xg z \ f Y yz
18
```` `` d`` `` `` }dZ``Z ``Z`` /``Z x``g tZ``Z x`` ``Zz fd }gZzhf`` ``````g
z /`` f`` z ``f Zf x``g ```` z ``Zf````f tZ``Z ``Z`` `` ``Z ``Z ``fz dfZz
```` \```` ``Z gZ `` x``g tZ``Z x ,```` ```` \```` x`` d```` `` `` ``Z ````
/f Z x gZ ,f z f Y ,y
/g Zf z Z g Zf z
`` ```` ``f``z`` Z``g /d`` ``fZ`` `` Zf }`` `` gZ ``Z`` `` /``fZ`` `` xZ``f``
`` Zf d`` z *30```` Y``fZ `` `` `` w`` z dfz `` Zf ```` \d`` `` `` gZ
J
`` `` ```` x `` ``Z ``Z ```` ,dfZd `` `` g`` jd`` }z ;dfz fd `` \f``
/ Z gZ }gZzhf
z ```` fZg`` z ````fg`` }dZg z }gZzhf`` ```` z ``f ``Z `` `` d`` z `` ``Z``
/dz x gZ gZ ,x g Z z
d``Z /`` ```` `` gZ `` Zf d`` z ``Z`` ``Z ``f x`` gZ ``f``z`` \d``
/fz }dZg zZ Z gZ ,x }f dZ Z ,
`` ```` `` f``Z ,dz`` `` gZ ``d d`` ```` }d`` f``Z ``Z ygZ``Z x``
/f Z x gZ d
gZ `` ```` `` `` ```` \```` `` ``Zd fd ```` d`` ``f `` gZ ``
/f Z
d`` dfZz ```` `` ``h``````Z `` f`` z `` ,```` `` `` gZ ``````Z
/ f df fd
`` z \`` ,\Zf` ` `` ` ` }Z` `Z wg `` \` z ``Z qfh `
` ``Z ``g z ``Z \`` z ` `Z` }` ``Z f`` `` `` fd z
?
`` }gZ`` ,``e \`` `` dg`` ```` Zf `` ``Z `` }``d `` `` `` y``Z ``f``
Z yd \f g z Zf } y`Z ?d`` ` v` }d` \`
/ } yZ gZ
Zf Z Z e , Z Zf w Z ` y`Z gZ
f`Z vZzg `Z z `Z y` ` `` `` `` ``` ```` xzfd fd `` dg`` ``zf
/Z g Z vZzg yZ z
```` /```` `` ```` [`` `` ``Z`` d`` vZzg ``d fd ```` }``d ````
19
`` vZd`` ```` ,`` d```` ````d`` f``Z \```` ``g fd `` ```` 18 x`` fd
xZ``z }dZg `` m```` }`` y``Z /d`` f```` }f`` f`` fd d`` ````Z w``Z x fd `` }gZzhf``
/d *31\Zz fd f }dZg , z
y` z `` z `` z `` z ````Z z ```` }`` y``Z zA :`` ``Z`` ``
z z rZ z d Z /Z Zf z \ f fd
/Z y n f z v Z x fd r z
```` ``Z`` `` }Z`` `` dfZd d``z y`` z ``Z`` ,}dZg `` ``Z``z`` ```` yz``
z xZ``z`` ```` ,dfz`` }Z yg`` v`` `` }`` ,```` `` v`` z /``Z t`` ````Z
Zd dz x ` `f` `` ` `Z` ` x`` z d` x` gZ Zf r`Z z ``
@/Z
`` fd ,``Zd d``z x```` `` ``Z`` `` ``f`` ?d`` `` `` w``Z`` w``Z ``Z
/Z yd d vZ fZzdZ , \
```` ```` gZ `` x`` f``Z g`` ,```` ```` d`` `` `` `` \```` ``Z z
`` `` `` `````` /dfZd ```` ```` xz`` `` }Z`` `` ``Z `` ``d ``
`` ,``z`` z `` q``Z `` ``f `` ,```` f``Z z xz`` `` ````Z tZfdZ z f``
}d` `Z ` ` ` ` ` `` gZ `` ` x ` ` ,` z x` `` `
/ Z d \
` ` `Z `` \`` ` `` }` `f ` ` ` ` ` `` [`Z
`` `` ```` y``Z `` d`` ```` x```` fd [``Z ``Z ``Z `` fz `` ;``Z ```` t``
/ Zf Z t
/f }gZzhf \ZZ gZ Z
` w` ` `f`z` Y`fZ gZ `Z \f` }`f` [`Z fd w` ` `` ````d r`` fd
/Zd xdfz z
gZ Zf `````` w`` w`` w`` `` d`` ``Z`` yd``Z x }Z`` d`` ```` \d`` gZ ``f``z``
`` \f`` `` ``f``z`` `` ,``zd ``d fd Zf ```` \ `` ,`` xz`` }gZzhf`` ``
y```` }``z`` `` `` ```` `` `` ```` `` z dg`` ```` ,``Z y`` `` ````
/Z
\```` z ```` r`` fd ``Z`` ````d `` `` ``Z `` Z``Z fd f`` ``Z ``Z
`` fZ``Z`` z ``f`` }d``Z n`` gZ `` d`` w``Z ````Z``Z `` `` `` }gZzhf`` }````
20
21
z \dZ '3
fZ '1
Zd ' Z
d Z xf f Y Z z `Z` qZ`Z
`` fd z ``Z`` fd 1830 v`` ``zh [``Z fd /``f`` ```` `````` }gZzhf`` ````
`` f`` y``f xZfz`` yg`` gZ ``d f`` `` qZ``Z ,x``Z fd ````f`` w``f xZfZ````
yZf `` /```` x``fd ``Z`` ```` }`` ygf`` `` gZ `` ``d `` ``Z gZ /``df``
}``gZd`` \f`` ``d `` \``dZ ```` fd ``Z ,d`` y`````` x``Z`` \``dZ ```` gZ ygf``
`` ```` ```` ,`` `` }Z`` qZ``Z /d`` y`` ```` *36`` ```` xZfzd
`` }gZzhf`` `` `` x`` ``Z`` dZd z `` d`` ```` `` fd ``d `` ``g`` `` y``
j`d `` Zf d` x` /`Z y` f`Z `f` ` `` ` ``
/ } }z j fd xZ z ydz \ d fz
`` ` ` ,\`` ` ,`Z`` ```` x gZ `` `` ,Zd`` `````` ```` ````
jfZd `` `````` ```` z `` ````dZd y`` y`` `` `` d```` ``Z y`` ```` `` z
x```` tfd }Z`` ```` }dZ``Z `` `` `` ```` z d`` fZd ```` Zf }gZzhf`` ``
/Zd }fz y f
`` gZ Zf wd`` `` ``dfz `` fd ```` ```` x`` Zf ``f``z`` ``g``fd }`` ,qZ``Z
`` fd Zf Zd`` ```` x`` ,```` xZzf x`` v```` wd`` `` ``z `` z /``gZ``Z yZ`` d``
/ }fzd ZZ gZ z d y x
/ v } Z YZ (30)@xZ xZA yz z Z } gZ
f``Z y`` gZ `` z }``d o`` gZ `` f``Z y`` `` `` ```` ``Zd`` ````
` `Z` z vZ`Z z o`zZ fd x` ` ` j`Z` Zf ` `Z ` ,`Z yd` }gZzhf`
` ` x` `` ` `` /`d` v` f`` `Z `f x`gZ x`Z ` }`d
``Z `` `` j``Z`` Zf `` ``Z ``Z`` d``z ```` }``f``z`` x``d`` xZfzd fd
/ Z w y }gZzhf
x y wZ fZ x Zf \ZdZ fZ f` `Zd` yz`
`` ```` `` z `` }Z `` }gZzhf`` \d`` xZfzd fd `` ``Z `` gZ \f`` }gZzhf`` ``
/ Z Zf Z w
22
```` }Z`` ``Z`` [``Z `` }``Z`` x```` /*42`` `` ````Z ```` ```` ``
}gZzhf`` ydZfZ gZ``Z z d`` `` f`` @`` ``A }``Z`` }`` `` ```` x`` ````
}`` Zz ydZfZ z `` `` `` ydZfZ ,`` ydZfZ ``Z`` w`` `` `` fd `` ``Z`` ````Z
/Zd Zf
xZz Zf }Z } y`Z ` ` `` ` `` ` f` w`
Z`` d`` `` y```` gZ Zf }``Z`` }`` y``Z `` `` \f`` `` `` z ``g`` f``g`` ````
/
J
gZ `` ,```` Z`` Zf ```` x``g `` `` ```` w``Z `` x`` ```` Z`` `` ``Z
/
```` x```` x```` `` ```` f`` x `` `` `````` ``d `` x``Zf ,``Zd `` ````
`` \``dZ `` ```` `` /```` `` Zf `````` ```` }`` `` v`` a`` ,d`` y``
` ` fd Zf d` ` ``Z ` ` ```` ``d`` Zf f``f ``Z `` ``fd ``Z`` ``d
J
`` x` Z` d` gZA :`` ` \`` gZ }`Z` d`Z `e fd ` /`` `Z`
/Zz @} YZA : }gZzhf zd gZ }Z dZ e fd z @}
,@`` ``A w`` Zf }``Z`` }```f`` ``e `` }````` x```` `` ```Z x``
`` y`` z @`````` `` d``A ,@`````` ```` ``ZdA ,@`` ``````A
/d
``d gZ Zf d`` ``Zz ```` `` }``Z`` ```` ' `````` \``dZ ```` ````
``d `` `` }Z `` ygf`` `` ``d ```` ``d fd \``dZ ``Z ```` gZ z /dZd
}`` z ``Z ````` fZ`` @}``Z`` xd``` ````A r```` ``` ``d`` `` ````` ,d``
z }`` ```` ```` gZ ``f``z`` ```` }`` z `` `` }``g`` gZ `` }````g``
J
d```` ``Z``Z `` ``Z z `` }Z `` `` `` `` `` ````Z `` `` f`` ````Z
/ od ,Z f }fZ d x fd zZ
z }`` `` f`` Zf d`` ```` z [`` ````Z }```` `` ,```` `` ```` ``Z
``` ` `` t`Z t`Z ,d` `` fZg` v` z f` `` z d`` `` \fZ````
/dZd d gZ Zf d
\f` ` z ` ` z `Zd`` `` `` iz`` }gZzhf`` k`` ,x`` }gZzhf`` ygf``
/ } yfZ ,Z d
`````` }``Z`` `` `` `` `` [`` ```` @``A `````` }Z`` x`` ````
25
```` `` g`` Zf f`` x```` z /```` v`` d`` `` `` `` ``fd Z`` `` ,`` ``
}z d` ` ``Zd w``Z z `````` ```` @[`` z ``A jzf `` `` `` ````f
Y``Z `` `` /dfZd fZ`` ```` ygf`` ```` `` r```` ```` `` `` ```` `` `` fd
```` ,dfZd x```` ```` z `````` \```` a```` xZ`` x`` fd `` `` ,dz``
*43/Z m fz }fZ z \dZ
Zzhf f '2
Zf }gZzhf`` ```` Y`` `` `` x``fd Zf ````Z }``dfd ``Z ```` }gZzhf`` gZ ``
/
,```` }`` `` x```` ,``f`` `` ``z `` ,x``z````Z ,xZfz```` ,x``d``Z
gZ yd x aZ z \Z ,\Z gZ `` }` `Z Y`Z
}`` `` \f`` `` Zzhf`` `````` ``Z /``fZd `` ``d ```` ,j`` `` z ``f ``
/ fd z w
/ e Zf xzdz @ A [ v xZ
\Zgf`` xz`` z `` `` Zf ```` ```` \`` ``Z`` ``Z`` Zzhf`` }``````
z `` `` Zf yd```` ```` ``Z`` `` /d`` ```` x gZ `````` `` ``Z```` z
xz`` Zf }gZzhf`` `` /```` `` `` gZ Zf jZ ygZ`` z yd`` ````Z Z`` `` }`` `` xz``
/dfZ`` `` Z`` ```` ,``Zz`` x fd `` Zf ```` }gZzhf`` /``Z`` ``f``z``
`` fd }Z yf`` `` `` z w`` `` `` \f`` Zf `` `` fZ`` ``Z Zzhf`` ``````
fd z ```` `` Zf zZ `` `` `` `` \``d ``f``z`` gZ `````` ``Z ```` /dfz
x`` ```` ```` fd ``f``z`` `` `` }z ```` ``Zz fd ,dfZ`` w`` }z ```` ``fzZ
/Z fz Z yffd Zf d } Z z
`` ,``Z `` `` z `` z ```` `` `` ,`````` ``Z gZ ``zd o``
` `` \`Z z ` ` ` ``` ``Z ` ` ` `` ``f`` `` fd `` ````
}d`` ``Z`` `` `` `` `` ``d`` ```` \````Z x`` `` z x`` ``f`` `` }Z``
```` }d`` ``Z`` `` gZ `````` ``Z d`` ``Z z /``Z `` }d``Z \```` z
`` ,```` ,``Z ```` `` [``Z ```` gZ `` `` ,}gZzhf`` }```` \```` Y``Z
z Zzf fd , fd /Z d } \ i`Z ` }fZdZ \``Z `
27
/x Z } YZZ
,``f`` `` ```` gZ y`` f`` ,x``d`` }`` `` fd `` `` qZ``Z `` ,``Z ``Zf
\`` ``````dfd `` `` `` ``Z gZ `` ``f``z`` /`` ``Z`` \`` ``````dfd xZ``
/dfZd dz }Z Z
` ` Zf ` f` k`Z `Z d` ```g `z ` z `` ygf` if` ` z
,```` Y``Z `` ``z ``Z`` `` /`` f`` ```` d`` gZ ```` Zf d`` `` ````
`` `` `` `` /```` a``Z ,```` `` ``Z`` ```` fd `` Zf ```` f``gzf `` z
/```` fZ`` ```` }`` x``f `` Zf ```` `` `` z q``Z z \z`` xz`` Zf o``Z
```` `` ``Z `` d`` ```` `` d`` yd`` `` x``Z `` `` `` ``Z ```` `` ``
/Z }Z
```` gZ `` `` `` z ```` d`` Zf ````Z y```` z ```` wZ``Z `` x`` `` ``
`` ``Z z ```` }````g `` `` ```` fd z ```` ``d d`` q`` `` `` ````
/ fZ Z Z }Z Zf yZf z v fz z ,
``f f`` ``z fd g`` ``f``z`` `` d`` `` ```` ````g y`` ```` gZ `` ``z ``Z
``Z ,``Zd`` `` `` fd `` `` Zf d`` o``zZ g`` `` `` z ``Z ````
```` a``Z }Z`` `` ``Z \```` gZ ````Z r`` z f`` ``zZ *44`` r``Z fd ``z
/Z
`` f`` ``Z /dfZd d``z `` }d``Z ```` ```` z `````` f`` ``Z fd z
`` }Z` `Z` `` z dZ` xZzZ` xZ` ,` ` z d` ` d`` `` }d`
J
xd x gZ ,*45y yffd \Z /Z ydZd xZf f`Z
```` w``Z ,}fzd`` f`` z ```` }``d`` z ydZ```` Y``Z ,yd z `` `` *46d``
``f \fz`` `` ,v``Z ``Z `` ' ```` y``d yd`` yfZdZ `` ```` ```` z ````Z
` `` fd jZ ``zZ `` `` z w``Z `` `` z yd`` `` `` oz`` yg`` `` ,Zf ```` d``
/Z }ZfZd g vZ Z / x ,d zf
x`` /dfZd i`` `` ``f`` ```` `` `` }d``Z ```` z `````` ``Z
```` ``Z ,d`` d`` }`` `` }`` `` z ```` `` `` ```` ygf`` `` ``
`` \Zgf`` ``Z `` `` `` `` jzf ``Z z \Zgf`` ``Z r```` ```` fZ`` }Z`` ``
Z ` `Z ` `Z ` /`` `d gZ Zf d` `f` `` z ` `Z ``
/` ` fd ````fZ ```` \f`` ```` x``Zz`` ,``Z yd`` ````Z \`` `` gZ `` ``
29
/ ,Z yd Zf }Z w 1846 v fd x
`` `` }gZzhf`` yZ`` ,dfZd ````Z jzf }gZzhf`` ````g `` ,```` [`` x`` fd
/dfZ w }gZzhf yd fZ z vZd fZ z y
d`` df`` fd ,fz``Z `` `` `` ```` ``Z gZ `` }Z `` `` ```` [`` z
xZ``f`` `` `` d``Z xZ``f`` fd }`` ``zf ```` z f`` ,``f``z`` z }gZzhf`` `` ````
dfz f`` ```` }gZzhf`` \d`` `` ```` z ````Z ``Z`` x gZ `````` ``Z`` ````
,x`` fd ````fZ \`` ``Z``Z`` gZ `` f`` z `` yd``Z zZ d`` `` `` }Z ```` ````
/ oz Zf }gZzhf d ygf
[``Z `` x`` fd x`` Z``g ``fZ`` q`` x`` `` Zf d`` ````Z ```` ````
`` z `` ```` `` f`` ````zfZ ```` `` ``Z`` fd Zf v`` ``Z z dfZd fZ`` }gZzhf``
Z wZ x Z z x x`Z ` ` }` `` `f `Z` }`f`z`
/ fz [Z Zz fd Z x Zzhf [Z Z /dZd
,d```` ```` z ````Z w`` `` `` ````Z `` `` gZ `` `` ```` ````
/
` `Z ` `Zz xz` ,Zf `` ` m`` ` ` ` `Z w` fd `
/ Z xZ , d f
``f`` `` ``Z````d [Z``Z ``Z`` z d``Z `` `` }Z`` `` `` ```` ,w``Z``
/
`` w``Z Zf`` `` /``g`` x`` Zf ```` \```` z ```` `` ``fZd f`` ````
x`````` `` v``z ,`` yZf gZ ,d```` ````Z w`` `` ```` x``hZz ```` gZ `` ``
``Z fd ``f``z`` /``g`` d`` `` ```` [``Z ```` fd ```` \`` fZ`` /``Z ``
/dfz Z Zf z ,d d gZ Zf d g } x
E ,x Z }fz
g *
`` `` ````Z ```` ````z ```` z ```` fZd `````` `` ' }gZzhf`` gZ d`` *6
d`` gZ `` ,``Z ```` fzd`` ``f`` `` ' ``f``z`` gZ d`` /``fzd`` f`` x```` Z``Z
31
l`` Zf d`` f`` }z`` ``Z f```` `` ````g `` }Z`` z `` ```` fZ``Z ```` ````
/dfZ jz
(1888 v Z ^ }Z Z )
g`` 1847 v`` fd /dfZd fZ`` `` i``d fd `` d``Z \f`` `` ``f`` w`` `` *7
w`` ```` `` ,[`` ``f`` gZ `` `` m```` ````Z x``g`` z ```` ``f`` ````
`` ``zf fd Zf ``g ``Z``Z ```` xg```` ```` df`` x``g x gZ ```` `` /d``
wZ``Z `` `` ``Z ````Z Y`` z Z`` `` ```` `` ``Z `` d`` ```` ff```` /d``
``Z``Z ```` `` `` w`` ``f`` z ``Z yd`` oz`` x gZ Zf d`` ``f`` ```` ``fh
x``g`` /``Z yd`` `` z ```` ```` ``zZ `` ````Z `` ```` `` gZ `` `` fd ````zf
z dZd `` x`` ,`Z `Zd ` }fZz `` ` x ` Zf `zZ `` `` `Z `zfd
gZ `` /`` w``Z`` `` `` ,```` x`` fd x ```` z `` ```` ```` `` ``
wd`` `` `` /d`` `` d`` w``Z`` z k`` \`` `` ```` ,``zZ x`` ``Z ````
x```` (1886 Stuttgart wzd ^``) @``zd z ```` ```` ,ydZ```` Y``A [`` fd ``
`` fd `` ```` ,1888 v`` ``Z `` `` ``Z ````) /`` ```` Zf ```` ``Z
(/ q 1890
i~f `` `` `` ``Zd fd ``Z }d``Z ,``Z d`` `` r``Z ```` `` ' f`` d``Z *8
(1888 v Z Z ) /x
`` @`` ``ZA \f`` @`````` ```` ``````A `` v``d fd 1888 ``Z `` fd *9
' /Z y Z
vZd`` x````fZ z x``Zz`````` gZ `` gZ `` `` ,`` `` d```` ``Z`` fd `` `````` *10
y```` @x``A ,``dfz ```` @w`` ``A xZ`` `` Zf d`` ```` `` z `` }f``d``
x``Z f`` ,}gZzhf`` }d``Z ```` n`` gZ ``Z fd `` xZ`` `` f`` z /````
``Z ````) /``Z y`` [``Z }fZz ```` f`` ```` ``Z`` f`` `` `` ```` n`` gZ z
(1888 v Z
xfZ gZ Z f gZ Z z Z x`` ` `Z `` @x`A
r``Z d`` }`` ```` `` ' ``fz ```` d`` `` z `` ````g`` Zf }f``d`` `` vZd``
(1890 v Z ) /d
:`` ydfZ`` \`` ``Z @}`` `` }f``A \`` gZ `` 1888 ``Z `` fd *11
/@x z Z A
32
:``Z y`` ^`` @d``` jg`` ````A \f``` }`` 1888 ^`` ``Z `` fd *22
' /@d z jg A
:``Z y`` ^`` @jg`` ```` d``g xZ``A \f`` }`` 1888 ^`` ``Z `` fd *23
' /@ z A
' /``Z y`` ````Z @y``d``A `` ,@``A `` gZ `` 1888 ``Z `` fd *24
` \d`` z d``z }Z`` ````Z m``A :``Z `` f```` `` 1888 ``Z `` fd *25
' /@ ZZ z gZ Z \f }gZzhf
' @A :Z y @yzA } 1888 Z fd *26
z zA :Z y @ A \ } 1888 `Z ` fd *27
' /@
f``ZA :``Z y`` ```` @d`` gZ d`` f``ZA \f`` }`` 1888 ``Z `` fd *28
' /@Z gZ Z
33
``A :`` ydfZ`` \`` ``Z @}gZzhf`` ```` ``A \`` gZ `` 1888 ``Z `` fd *29
' /@
:``Z y`` ^`` @```` ``fZ `` `` `` w``A \f`` }`` 1888 ``Z `` fd *30
' /@ fZ xf wA
:``Z y`` ```` @\``Z``z ```` fdA }`` 1890 z 1883 ,1872 ```` }```` fd *31
' /@ fdA
Zf ` ``Z ` ` }` jf`A \` ,\f` `Z gZ ` 1888 `Z ` fd *32
' /Z y Z @ [Z
:```Z y``` `````` @d```A ``` }``` 1890 z 1883 ,1872 `````` }`````` fd *33
' /@qZA
fd ```` z `` z }gfz`` ````A :``Z `` f```` yd`` 1888 ``Z `` fd *34
' /@f fd Z gZ z yd qZ f f yZf
f`` \`` d``z ``Z`` `` zA \f`` }`` 1890 z 1883 ,1872 ```` }```` fd *35
' /@ f Zf \A :Z y @
``Z`` `` ```` `` ,`` (1689 ' 1660) x``Z `` ```` d`` *36
/(1888 v Z }Z Z ) /(1830 ' 1814) Z
``A :``Z y`` ````Z @``fg }`` ``A \f`` v``d fd 1888 v`` ``Z ```` fd *37
' /@df fd gZ
J
`` ``````z `` ```` ``Z``Z x fd `` ``Z x`` `` m```` ``Z `` ``Z *38
y`` x```` yz`` z `` yfZdZ `````` ```` d`` `` `` Zf ```` t``Z y``
``Z `` g`` ``Z ````z`` qZ``Z /`` `` ``g `` r`` z `` f`` }`` ````f``
xdfZ`` `` Zf ``g gZ ```` ``Z`` v`` xZ`` ```` ,``Z`` `` x`` z ;``Z y```` ````
``Z ````) /d`` xZ`` t`` `` z `` ```` }`` ```` ```` f``Z fd d`` w``
(1888 v Z
z y`` ```` @}gz``Z z i``A \`` @``A }`` 1848 ```` ``Z `` fd *39
' /Z y @A 1890 z 1883 ,1872 } fd
```` ,w``Z``A :``Z y`` ```` `` f```` \f`` }`` 1888 ``Z ^`` fd *40
`` ``Z ,```` ``Zg Zf ```` d`` ``Z y`` ```` f`` `` ``f`` ```` `` ``
' @d v }f
34
/` @z `Zz `` `` yf``fdA \f`` 1890 z 1883 ,1872 ```` }`` ^`` fd *41
'
' / f 1888 Z fd *42
``` ` }`Zd` i` z d` x` gZ Zf `` ` `Z 1848 v` ``Z x`` *43
/``Z xz`` vf`` }`` `` ``Z ```` ```` z y`` y```` /d`` xz`` ``Zz`` `` gZ Zf
(1890 v ^ Z )
y`` @gZ ````A ,@`` r``Z fdA }`` 1890 z 1883 ,1872 ```` ``Z `` fd *44
/Z
```` @y`` ```` yf`` fd `` `` \````ZA \f`` }`` 1888 ``Z `` fd *45
/ @ fd _f \ZZA :Z y
/@qZA :Z y @dA } 1888 Z fd *46
`` d`` ```` }f``Z ,``f`` a`` `` `` `````` }`` `` gZ d`` \f`` ```` *47
``Z ````) /d`` ydZd ```` fd d`` ```` `` `` ```` z d`` `` f`` `` ````
(1888 v fd y Z
}Z ```` }`` ```` `` ``zZ `` ``Z ```` (f`` ``Zd }`` ``) Home Colonies
}f``Z /d`` }``f a`` ``f`` `` d`` ````Z }```` w`` ```` /d`` ydZd d`` ````
` `Z ``) /` `` Z` `` x`g` `` ` d` }fZ` ' ` f` w`
(1890 v
\```` fd z x`` ```` \``dZ fd z ``f ' zf`` x``f`` fd [`` ``Z q`` ```` *48
`` `` d`` ``Z @\Z````d ``````A w`` `` /d`` La Rform ````gzf ' ``Zgzf
``Zd `````` ``f `` z `` ,w`` ``Z ``Zz ```` ,yZ``f`` `` z \Z````d [`` gZ
(1888 v y Z Z ) /Z
zf`` }``f `` ```` n`` gZ ```` \Z````d `````` ``Z`` fd Zf d`` `` ````
`` `Z``d v`` ` [` `Z Z` ;d` x` `` ``` ` `dZ n` gZ z `f '
(1890 v Z ) /Z Zd \z x g }gzZ
Zdd *
``ZA /``Z `` ```` }Z `````` d``Z ```` gZ `` @```` [`` ````A '1
z `` }``f``z`` ``Z`` gz``Z `` `` `` :dfZd jgfZ [`` ```` ygZ```` ```` [``
35
36