Preface

This document is a compilation of all the essay topics and ideas

to date contributed by a vast number of past examiners.

The Topics were organised according to its genre and topics to

facilitate readers to be able to link the similar ideas together.

In order to do well in writing component, it is important to use

at least 1 complex sentences to demonstrate your writing ability
as shown in the Tips section.

Also, memorizing the whole essay will not help during the
exam. The aim of this document is to provide you with a
general ideas regarding to the topic, and it is advisable to write
the essay in your own style in order to be able to finish writing
within the allocated time frame.

Finally, what goes around comes around.

It is very important for us to share what we have learnt with
others.
This document is free for all and shall not be used for any profit
purposes.
Best of Luck

Shean
FreePTE@gmail.com (5th March 2016)

Table of Contents
Essay Tips ........................................................................... 4
A. Child Assessment ..................................................... 5
Examination ........................................................................................................ 5
1. Significance of formal written assessments in today's
world to evaluate children's performance. ......................................... 5
2. In education system, assessment through formal written
examination still valid? ................................................................................ 5
3. Education system that assess the student's learning by
written exam is correct? Discuss your view? ...................................... 5
B. Life long Learning ........................................................ 6
Learning ................................................................................................................ 6
4. Learning a new language at an early age is helpful for
children. Is it more positive for their future aspect or have some
adverse effects. Agree or disagree? ......................................................... 6
5. It is as important for school children to study music, art
and sport as it is for them to become literate and numerate.'
How far do you agree with this statement? Support your point
of view with reasons and / or examples from your own
experience. ......................................................................................................... 6
6. Is it necessary to make english language globalization. Do
you agree or disagree ................................................................................... 6
Education ............................................................................................................. 6
7. Education is critical element of the prosperity of any
nation. The more educated the people of the country are, more
successful their nation becomes. .............................................................. 6
8. Do you think that educational visits and excursions are
beneficial for the academic progress of students or would it be
better to spend that time on doing more academic stuff like
reading books or studying new subjects? ............................................. 6

C. Learning Barrier .......................................................... 7

Einstein ................................................................................................................. 7
9. My education is a hindrance to the process of my
learning"- Explain this quote by Einstein ............................................. 7
10. The only thing that interfere with my leaning is my
education- Einstein. What does he mean by that? And do you
think he is correct? ......................................................................................... 7
Illiterate ................................................................................................................ 7
11. The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who
cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn,
and relearn. Agree or Disagree? .............................................................. 7

D. Parental Responsibility ............................................... 9

Parental Responsibility .................................................................................. 9
12. Parents should be held legally responsible for their
childrens acts. What is your opinion? Support it with personal
examples.... ......................................................................................................... 9
13. It is argue that getting married before finishing school or
getting a job is not a good choice. To what extent do you agree
or disagree? ....................................................................................................... 9

E. Role Model/Background Influences ........................... 10

Growing up, influence ................................................................................... 10
14. "Do you think the place where a person grew up helps
him/her in accomplishing goals in life? Do you agree or
disagree. ............................................................................................................ 10
15. "Many people think that regions affect successful person.
What is your opinion about native region and accomplished
persons influence on the region he belongs to? Explain with
Example". ......................................................................................................... 10
16. Some people think law changes our behaviour. Discuss. 10
Role Model ......................................................................................................... 10
17. Imitating celebrities in sports and movies good or bad? 10

18. Successful Sports stars and glamorous film stars are a

role model for youngsters. Do you think that it is a good thing
or not? ................................................................................................................ 10
19. Violence portrayed on TV and in the movies leads to an
increase in crime in our society. People who watch violent
movies are more likely to become criminals. Do you agree or
disagree?. .......................................................................................................... 10

F. Experiences from Abroad (Overseas) ......................... 12

Overseas Study ................................................................................................ 12
20. Travel to study is over rated, we have brilliant scholars
who studied locally. Is travel really required for higher studies?

12
21. "Value added by travel in Education Is travel a necessary
component of education or not? Will scholar sitting at home
have more knowledge than one who travels? " ............................... 12
22. More and more students are studying at universities
abroad, either because it is cheaper, or because they feel they
can receive a better education, or because it will provide them
with greater professional opportunities.Discuss the advantages
and disadvantages of studying abroad. .............................................. 12

G. Decision Making and Work Balance .......................... 13

Decision Making Authority ........................................................................ 13
23. Organisations involve employees in decision making
process of their products and services. Discuss the advantages
and disadvantages of both. ....................................................................... 13
24. Companys top level authorities should get their
employees in decision making process. Discuss ............................... 13
Time Management ......................................................................................... 13
25. Different people get success in different fields. Some
people work long hours to get success, but others feel that
spend free time for joy than Wealth. Which style closely related
to you and explain your views? ............................................................... 13
Work Balance ................................................................................................... 13
26. Nowadays, people spend too much time at work to the
extent that they hardly have time for their personal life. Discuss.

13

H. Sports, Recreation activities ...................................... 14

27. Extreme sports like skiing, water rafting etc etc are
dangerous and should these be banned? ............................................ 14
28. Pros and Cons of extreme/adventure sports. ....................... 14
I. Modern Invention ...................................................... 15
29. In the past 100 years, there have been many inventions
such as antibiotics, air planes and computers. What do you
think is the most important of them? Why? Greatest invention
in the last 100 years, medicine, science or technology? ............... 15
30. What are the greatest inventions of the 20th century
among medicine, aeroplane and computers, why? ........................ 15
31. ANY NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE
RECENT YEARS IS A BOON OR CURSE FOR THE SOCIETY IN
GENERAL. Do you agree or disagree that Mass Media, Like TV,
Radio and Newspaper have a huge impact on people, especially
young generation? ........................................................................................ 15
32. Talk about the pros/cons of this era as is full of daily
invention. Any recent invention that you think proved beneficial
or detrimental to society. .......................................................................... 15
33. Most people in what are known as the developed nations
have homes full of gadgets and labor-saving devices, from
vacuum cleaners and dishwashers to the latest in computer
technology. Some people claim that despite all these laborsaving devices, we seem to have less free time. In your opinion,
has technology improved the quality of life or made it more
complicated? ................................................................................................... 15
34. When computers first appeared on the scene, it was
thought they would make us more productive in providing
goods and services, smarter and possibly happier. Skeptics
claim that the opposite is true as computers have proved

disappointing in terms of productivity, and have made us less

happy and more stupid because information is not
knowledge.Which of these points of view do you agree with
most? 15

J. TV & Mass Media ....................................................... 17

Television ........................................................................................................... 17
35. Nowadays TV has become an essential part of life.
Medium to spread news & awareness and for some it acts like a
companion. What is your opinion about this? ................................. 17
36. Television has two roles: to inform and to entertain.
Explain which of these roles you see as more important. To
what extent do you think that TV today performs each of these
roles in an effective way? Support your point of view with
details from your own experiences, observations or reading. .. 17
37. Television has many useful functions to play in everyones
life, for some its relaxation, for some it is companion. ................. 17
38. The mass media including TV, Radio and newspaper
influence our society and shape our opinions and characters.
What is your opinion? ................................................................................. 17
39. Information revolution has changed the way of mass
communications and had some negative and positive effects on
individual lives as well as on society. To what extent do you
agree or disagree? ........................................................................................ 17
40. Communication has changed significantly in the last 10
years. Discuss pros and cons impacts. .................................................. 17
41. Some people use television as a form of entertainment
only while others take it as a source of information. Choose
which position you agree the most with. ............................................ 17

K. Evolution, Replacement, Improvement, industrial

revolution ......................................................................... 19
42. Large shopping malls are replacing small shops. What is
your opinion about this? Discuss with appropriate examples. . 19
43. In the 18th century due to industrialization a lot of
people migrated to develop countries. This affected lifestyle and
increased major problems in develop countries. ............................ 19
44. Do you believe that industrial revolution was the main
factor for problems in developed nation? .......................................... 19

L. Packaging and Advertising ......................................... 20

45. Do you think consumer should avoid over packed
products or it is responsibility of producer to avoid extra
packaging of products? Give your views or any relevant
example with your own experience. ..................................................... 20
46. Some people think placing advertisements in schools is a
great resource for public schools that need additionally funding,
but others think it exploits children by treating them as a
captive audience for corporate sponsors ........................................... 20

M. Merchandise, Marketing .......................................... 21

47. Should marketing for consumer goods companies like
clothing and food focus on reputation or on short term
strategies like discount and special offers? Why? .......................... 21
48. "Marketing strategy for big companies should be placed
on offer and discounts, and in what ways this can impact on
their reputatio ................................................................................................ 21

N. Climate Change, Global Warming, Environmental ..... 22

49. You need to study climate change. Which aspect of
climate change will you choose and why? Use examples. ........... 22
50. Write about Climate change? Who is responsible whether
Government or industries? Why ............................................................. 22
51. Roles of governments, companies and individuals to
combat climate change .............................................................................. 22
52. The environment we live in is in danger due to various
problems. What are the underlying causes? Who is responsible
to combat this? What measures? ........................................................... 22

O. Government, Country, Politics, Democracy , decision,

Law , Rights ...................................................................... 23

53. Do you think that it is better for governments to spend a

huge amount of money in activities like space exploration when
there any so many crucial problems in our society where that
money could be spent? ................................................................................ 23
54. The claim that animals have rights has been the subject
of much debate since the 1970s. Are zoos helping or hurting our
aniamls? Should zoos be banned? Do you agree or disagree? .. 23
55. "In some countries around the world, voting is
compulsory. Do you agree with the notion of compulsory
voting? ............................................................................................................... 23
56. If Voting is compulsory in democratic society, what
conclusions can we draw about Nature of democracy? ............. 23
57. In some countries around the world, voting is compulsory.
Do you agree with the notion of compulsory voting? If voting is
compulsory in a democratic society, what are some conclusions
we can draw about the nature of democracy? ................................ 23
58. Tobacco, mainly in the form of cigarettes, is one of the
most widely used drugs in the world. over a billion adults
legally smoke tobacco every day. The long term health costs are
high- for smokers themselves, and for the wider community in
terms of health care costs and lost productivity .Do
governments have a legitimate role to legislate to protect
citizens from the harmful effects of their own decisions to
smoke, or are such decisions up to the individual? To what
extent you agree ? ......................................................................................... 23

P. Tourism ..................................................................... 25
59. In under developed countries, tourism has disadvantages
and can be said the opposite as well. ................................................... 25
60. Some people prefer to spend their holidays in resorts
where everything is organized for them and they take little
interest in the country they are visiting. Others prefer to travel
around the country and to see how the people live, to get to
know their customs and traditions and cuisine. Write an essay
on which type of foreign travel you think is best for both the
tourist and the local community. ........................................................... 25

Q. Abstract Ideology, & Discussion ................................ 26

61. A recent trend in the entertainment world is to adapt
classic works of literature for either TV or the movies. One
argument is that this is to everyone's benefit, as it introduces
people to works they might otherwise never have experienced,
while others say that turning books into movies not only
cheapens the original, but is rarely done successfully.In your
opinion, do works of literature translate effectively to the
screen? ............................................................................................................... 26
62. It has recently been suggested that the classical, or
"dead", languages Latin and Greek should be re-introduced into
the school curriculum. Those that oppose the idea claim that
the ancient languages are of no practical use and no help in
getting a job. Those in favor of the idea say that education is
more about training the mind than preparing for a
career.Which of these points of view do you most agree with? 26
63. In a war of ideas, it is people who get killed. Does a
common man suffer from a groups ideology? Express your
opinion, and support the same with reasons and examples. ..... 26

Essay Tips

Frequent

Unquestionable

It is unquestionable true that

Inevitable

It is undeniably true that

Undeniable

No one can deny that

Plays an important role in

It cannot be deniend that

The term ____ refers to

____

____ will be discussed in this

essay

___ has always been an integral aspect of

_____

Mitigate

Thanks to, we can _______

Firstly, Secondly

We can find overwhelming evidence in

support of the fact that _______.

In summary, ____ can result in

There is a positive correlation between__

Research has shown that _____

Adversely affected due to ____

Strongly believe that ___ should

be avoided

___ can be attributed largely to _____

Advocated

Had __ not been ___ed, we would have

been ___

Abolished

Had I not decided to go overseas, I would

not have developed a brigher future.
Based on the above argument, I concede
that

As a matter of course ()
Drink, Play, Use responsibly, Self Disipline
On the surface, it seems that,.
However upon further inspection, Highly
debatable.
The long term benefits will definitely
outweight the cost and effort.
Research, statistics indicates that
Do not abuse, misuse the facilitlies,
Conveniences for others.

The long-term benefits will definitely

outweighs the cost

Integral
Conspicuous
Correlation
Attribute
Perceived
Imperative
Ubiquity
Morale

Secular ,
Tremendously

____

___ not only save our time, but also ___

Had I not gone ____, I would not have been

able to _____.

Predetermined Vocab

Bolster,
Impeccable,
Indispensable,
Parochial attitude,
Fathom,
Laudable effort,
Crux,
Unbridled/bridled,
Formidable,
Inundate =

Inevitably,
Jeopardize,
Emancipation,
Itinerary,
Overwhelming,
Tremendously
Marginally

1,2,3. Do you think that formal written Examination refers to a method of evaluation
examinations are a good way to assess to judge the students skills and knowledge
A. Child Assessment
mainly via written exams. It usually reflects
knowledge at school?
students learning capability on paper, but
Examination
some people think otherwise. Whether or not
Without any doubts formal written
examination is used widely as assessment formal written examinations is an appropriate
way to gauge students knowledge will be
criteria.
1. Significance of formal written
discussed.
assessments in today's world to
evaluate children's performance. Although this method has been around
First of all, written exams are more inclined
for ages this is not the better way of
towards testing the students ability to
assessing knowledge
2. In education system, assessment
memorize and cramp learning materials the
through formal written
day before exams. Students with better

examination still valid?
photographic memory skills will be able to
memorize the sample answers without having
Examanitation is not a good way
to understand how the question even works.
3. Education system that assess the
student's learning by written
Formal written exams are more inclined Moreover, due to time constraint, students are
exam is correct? Discuss your
towards testing the students memory. often nervous while attempting the questions,
hence are not in their optimal condition to
view?
think.
Time also plays a major role during

formal examinations.
However, written examination is the only way

Children
Performance
to stop students from cheating via other

Its not always true that different persons
forms of examination. For instance, students
Evaluation
can perform equally when they are under
take home assignment could be easily
pressure.

completed by others, hence will not reflects
Written Exam?
their actual knowledge.
Even the most intelligent among the

students may not be able to perform well On the surface, it seems that examination has
Written assessment
on formal examination.
asserted unnecessary pressure onto students.
Writing is an essential skill that allows
However upon further inspection, formal
people to participate fully in today's

written examination allows the students to
society and to contribute to the
demonstrate their individual knowledge and
economy.
Examination is a good way
prevents cheating from any other forms of
non-written examination. Had examination

The assessment of writing is central to
Cheating can be prevented in formal
not been imposed in school, students would
the process of effective teaching and
exams.
not have been motivated to pay attention in
learning of writing.
class. Hence, it is strongly believed that
Individual assignments can be bought.
written examination should be the appropriate
formal assessment for children.
This, in turn, can enable greater
understanding of the requirements
Less cheating if properly supervised as
needed to support their learning.
compared to project works and group

assignments where 2 students actually
It allows students to effectively convey
work and rest just put their names in.
thoughts and ideas through text is
classroom-based writing assessment.

Such formative assessments allow
teachers to

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gauge the effectiveness of their

teaching methods.

B. Life long Learning

Learning
4.

5.

6.

4. Learning a new language at an early

age is helpful for children. Is it more
positive for their future prospects or
does it have some adverse effects as
well?

Learning a new language at an

early age is helpful for children. Is
it more positive for their future
aspect or have some adverse effects.
Agree or disagree?
It is as important for school
children to study music, art and
sport as it is for them to become
literate and numerate.' How far do
you agree with this statement?
Support your point of view with

reasons and / or examples from

your own experience.

Is it necessary to make english

language globalization. Do you

agree or disagree

Education
7.

8.

6. Do you think English will remain to be

a global language despite globalisation
or will it be replaced by some other
language in the future?

Against: People used to think that

learning two languages created
confusion in the mind. Some studies
did seem to back up the idea that

learning two languages could be

problematic; early researchers noted
that bilingual people tended to have
smaller vocabularies and slower
access to words.
Agree: Bilingualism delays Alzheimers
disease by as much as five .
There are several benefits of learning
a new language
Being bilingual can lead to improved
listening skills, since the brain has to
work harder to distinguish different

types of sounds in two or more

languages

Education is critical element of the

prosperity of any nation. The more
educated the people of the country
are, more successful their nation

becomes.

Babies brought up in a bilingual

environment have stronger
working memories

Do you think that educational

visits and excursions are beneficial
for the academic progress of

students or would it be better to

spend that time on doing more
academic stuff like reading books
or studying new subjects?

easier to adapt to unexpected

circumstances.

Better multi-Tasking:

No Software will easily translate

languages so we dont need to learn
more than one language just for
communication in the future.
Language from emerging economies
like India and China such as Hindi and
Mandarin which are used as a first
language by billions of people have a
greater potential to surpass English in
terms of the number of users.
Yes English is already the most
popular language- a vast majority of
documents, books, publications,
contracts etc. are in English, making it
irreplaceable. The impact of
Hollywood film industry cannot be
neglected.
Despite other languages being popular
with time, English will gain more
ground due to the cultural influence.
With globalisation, people travel even
more and need to converse with
people from other linguistic
backgrounds so English has to
potential to grow into a more
commonly accepted international
lingua franca, although it already is.

Rather there is a risk of extinction for

other languages used by small groups
Better chances of getting a job- e.g.:
of people all around the world.
multinational companies need
employees who can travel abroad and

negotiate with clients in their own
language. Banks hire multilingual
8. Do you think that educational visits
tellers.
and excursions are beneficial for the
academic progress of students or would
5 Music+Art+sport vs Literate +
it be better to spend that time on doing
Numerate
more academic stuff like reading books
or studying new subjects?
Balance learning environment

Brain development

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StudyingMore knowledge in less

time. Students can go on visits in their
own time-school time is for studies.

Cheaper for poor schools which dont

have enough funds.

Educational visits Make students

fresh and active. Holds their interests.

Students remember things for a longer

time

Many people believe that formal

education is the only way to learn and
acquire knowledge, however, Albert
Einstein had a different view on the
process of learning and the concept of
education. This essay is going to analyse
his quote and compare and contrast the
differences between education and
learning.

Einstein
9.

10. Education is the biggest barrier in

my learning - Einstein. What do you
mean by this? And do you think
Einstein was correct in saying that?

9. "My education is a hindrance to the

process of my learning"- Explain this
quote by Einstein

C. Learning Barrier

My education is a hindrance to
the process of my learning"Explain this quote by Einstein

10. The only thing that interfere with

my leaning is my educationEinstein. What does he mean by
that? And do you think he is
correct?

Education has always been an integral

aspect of the human civilisation and the
education system is the best way to pass
our pool of knowledge to the future
generation.

Education is the formal way of giving

knowledge by someone who has them to
someone who does not yet acquired them,
however, it seems like Einstein had a
different view to process of learning and
there is some fundamental truth behind
his words. Firstly, education is biased
and usualy limited to knowledge of an
educator. Secondly, education does not
guarantee to give correct knowledge, it
can be totally and utterly wrong, we can
refer to an examples when teacher taught
students that our plant is flat. Finally,
education gives narrowed down
knowledge which were probably not
enough for Albert Einstein.

Illiterate
11. The illiterate of the 21st century
will not be those who cannot read
and write, but those who cannot
learn, unlearn, and relearn. Agree
or Disagree?

Learning for an Einstein was holistic

process, it involved not only
understanding the basic things taught by
teachers and professors, but rather much
more deep research into the things he
wanted to know. Therefore, his learning
were hindered by education, not only that
they gave him, probably wrong
understandings of things, but most
likely altered his path to knowledge.
His findings were so innovative that
contemporaries did not fully
understand them even more so they
didnt think that he was genius, rather
mad man.

In conclusion, conventional education

tends to limit the knowledge and alter
the process of learning, Einstein has
realized it, and believed that education is
stopping him from learning new things
and maybe make new discoveries.

Specialisations are necessary but basic

level of knowledge in all fields of
education is essential to get along our
lives.
A good musician, for example, still
needs to be able to make simple
arithmetic calculations or a good
footballer still needs to know the
important events in his own countrys
history.
Although most of the school systems
may not be for the extraordinary
students, they work best for the
majority as they are designed to
accommodate the needs of average
students.
In a traditional education system,
students learn through a formally
designed education pattern
restricting their thought process.
This discourages the students to think
out of the box and search for solution
themselves. Einstein may have
wanted to focus on Math and
Physics only but not study all other
subjects that did not interest him.
He may have wanted to experiment
his limitless ideas which was not
allowed by the existing education
system. This may be the reason why
Einstein believed that formal
education hinders the process of
learning.
In conclusion, Einstein felt that the
education system hindered his process
of learning due to several limiting
factors in the system designed to cater
to everybodys needs. This one-sizefits-all approach not only limits the
creativity of talented students, but
also creates frustration among
students for not getting to spend
their time on what they are good at.
Hence, he was absolutely correct in his
comment about the education he
received, which in fact needs a radical
reform to be able to cater to the needs
of different types of students.

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11. 'In future illiterate will not be those

who cannot read and write, but those
who cannot learn, unlearn and
relearn'. Discuss what do you
understand by this statement and state
your reason.

the successful person in the future will

be the person with wide-ranging
abilities - the person, solve problems,
collaborate and be flexible and
creative.'

Creative teachers have understood

this for decades, but education
systems, are slow to adapt frustrating
most attempts at meaningful
evolution.

Education suited to our children's

needs must help them cope as
individuals in a complex world.

The challenge for each of us is to find

the method of learning best suited
to the demands of that future, and
this will be the subject of my articles
over the coming weeks.

If someone is not able to follow the

trend of the changes in ways how
information is exchanged, he may
be deemed illiterate in no time.

Due to the rapid technological

advancements almost everything
has been digitised and information
exchanged in hard copy and print
media are a thing of the past.

We can find many senior citizens who

were highly regarded scholars of their
age but are not introduced to
computers.

So at this digital age they are

finding it difficult to keep
themselves informed, the only
barrier is they dont understand
computers.

They know how to read and write but

they are still deprived of the
information as if they are illiterates.

We have many examples of

occupations of the past like milkman,
cobbler, etc. are no more in existence

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D. Parental Responsibility
Parental Responsibility
12. Parents should be held legally
responsible for their childrens
acts. What is your opinion?
Support it with personal
examples....

12. Parents should be held legally

responsible for their childrens acts.
What is your opinion?

13. It is argue that getting married

before finishing school or getting a
job is not a good choice. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

YesSomeone should be financially

accountable for the damage caused.
To force parents to teach good values
to their children, due to the fear of
misdoings by their children, even if
the parents are not so morally
responsible themselves.
No Parents cannot run after their
kids for 24 hours.

13. It is argued that getting married

before finishing school or getting a job
is not a good choice. To what extent do
you agree or disagree?

Balancing time at home, adjusting to a

new life and spending time on
academics is a daunting task,

Married college students are often

left with not enough time to do
housework, study or have couple
time.

The college marriage often results in

restriction of college experiences,
participation in college functions and
of relationships of college friends.

marriage affects academics.

Getting married before finishing

studies and getting employed can be
arduous at times. Although some may
object that it's good to have a helping
hand, I would still advocate that
getting married later is much better as
one can focus on his career.

There should be a certain age limit,

may be 12.
All they can do is take moral
responsibility BUT not legal
responsibility.

Children should understand that there

are consequences if they make
mistakes.

No punishment means less careful

next time. So, parents should not cover
their childrens mistakes all the time.

Although the punishment can be less

severe which suits their age like social
work rather than juvenile detention.

There are numerous disadvantages to

getting married while still a student.
Getting married early in life can create
a greater problem when you are
dependent on parents to support you.
There is the probability of more
tension on the part of both sets of
parents. Expecting your parents to
continue paying your tuition as though
you were still a child once you have
chosen to take on the very adult
responsibility of marriage can also
create tension.
Another reason to wait is the time
constraint on enrolled newlyweds.
Balancing time at home, adjusting
to a new life and spending time on
academics is a daunting task,
regardless of how organized you are.
Married college students are often left
with not enough time to do
housework, study or have couple time.
Little time is left for each other so
theres less time to work on personal
growth and the marriage.

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E. Role Model/Background
Influences

Growing up, influence

14. "Do you think the place where a
person grew up helps him/her in
accomplishing goals in life? Do you
agree or disagree.
15. "Many people think that regions
affect successful person. What is
your opinion about native region
and accomplished persons
influence on the region he belongs
to? Explain with Example".
16. Some people think law changes our
behaviour. Discuss.

Role Model
17. Imitating celebrities in sports and
movies good or bad?
18. Successful Sports stars and
glamorous film stars are a role
model for youngsters. Do you think
that it is a good thing or not?
19. Violence portrayed on TV and in
the movies leads to an increase in
crime in our society. People who
watch violent movies are more
likely to become criminals. Do you
agree or disagree?.

birds of feather flocks together

.

abide by, comply with, the rules, law,

and regulation
Offender shuld be liable for for their
actions and wrong doing.

14, 15. Many people think that the

region where we grow up affects our
accomplishments. Do you think that
place where the person grew has an
influence on his accomplishments?

16. Some people believe laws change

human behaviour. Do you agree with
it?

In conclusion, we can say that rules and

regulations can help in controlling the
behaviour that is dangerous. Laws not
only help in checking the reckless nature
of people but are necessary for the
development of society.

It is an undeniable fact that laws and rules

should be in place for the smooth
achieving success in life depends on many functioning of the society. Law is the
factors such as determination, discipline, only way to have control over the
clear visions of your goals and ambitions, public. People usefully behave in a way
motivation and most importantly hard
that is in accordance with the law so it is
work.
not true that law changes our behaviour.
It can only assist in creating a disciplined
environment for the society and
The first main aspect of our
controlling the crime to some extent but
environment that influences our
not eliminating it.
success is the people we surround
ourselves with on a daily basis. For
example, surrounding yourself with
Firstly, imposing laws has created a
friends who are more self-disciplined can sense of fear among people of getting
also help you become more selfpunished. For instance, damaging the
disciplined. As the wise saying goes, birds historical monuments, books, paintings,
of a feather flock together.
sculptures or other form of art is
considered a crime and is punishable
under vandalism law. This example shows
People grow up in a poorer country
that a person with moral responsibility
will be motivated to strive harder to
will take care of others assets but a
achieve their goals. Comparing to
person who is not worried about the
children brought up in a well to do
consequences will deface them. Thus, we
country, they were usually well fed and
can say that humans action can be
lack of motivational impetus to strive
regulated by laws but cannot be changed
hard.
completely.
It is dependent upon an individuals
In addition, in our day to day life, we
will-power and intelligence. e.g.:
follow rules without even realizing them.
someone. (story of how he grew up in a
poor place and later became successful). Traffic law is an example of this. Today,
most of us follow the traffic signals out of
habit. We stop at a red light, start an

indicator before a turn and wear seat belt
when we are on road. Thus, we can say

that laws embed some changes in human
behaviour to some extent. However, we

are still facing road-accidents which
clearly show that rules and regulations

have controlled the behaviour of mankind
without altering them completely.

By punishing those who committed

inappropriate acts, it allows them to
realised their misconuct, hence
giving them a chance to turn over a
new live

Attitude towards study will
determine the outcome

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17, 18. Successful sports stars and

glamorous film stars are a role model
for youngsters. Do you think that it is a
good thing or not?
It is human nature to imitate the popular
trends. These sports and movie stars
being portrayed as personalities with
admirable jazzy lifestyle, most youngsters
want to copy them. I am advocating
against this trend.
It seems like every day there are more
and more stories and pictures on the
Internet of the illicit activities of
celebrities. Teens see these people
partying, drinking alcohol or doing
drugs, and they think they should too.
This sends the message to teens that in
order to have fun or be cool, you have to
use these substances. Teens may begin to
think that it is no big deal, and this can
cause serious problems leading to and
including drug and alcohol addictions,
risk-taking behaviours, and even death.
Children are inspired to become
successful- if a child makes a footballer
his role model and works hard to become
a footballer one day-that would be a great
achievement.
Positive inspiration helps children to
become hard working and healthy.
Although they may leave the dream of
becoming like their favourite singer or
sportsperson they will continue their
habit of working hard throughout their
lives, making them successful at whatever
they choose to do.

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F. Experiences from
Abroad (Overseas)

Overseas Study

20. Travel to study is over rated, we

have brilliant scholars who studied
locally. Is travel really required for

higher studies?
21. "Value added by travel in
Education Is travel a necessary
component of education or not?
Will scholar sitting at home have
more knowledge than one who
travels? "

22. More and more students are

studying at universities abroad,

either because it is cheaper, or

because they feel they can receive a
better education, or because it will
provide them with greater

professional opportunities.Discuss
the advantages and disadvantages
of studying abroad.

Thus, we can say that international

studies add value to a students
education.

In summary, it can be said that

travelling to foreign countries for
higher studies is a key to succeed in
this globalised planet.

The development of society is going

towards a globalised world where
education is an essential foundation
for personal, social and economic
success.

International studies are becoming a
new trend for young people as a way
to expand their education beyond
their traditional education style.

It is agreed that adding a foreign

qualification has become an integral
part of higher studies.

This argument is proven by looking at

how it widens peoples perspective
and helps them with better career
opportunities.

Studying abroad helps people

increase their awareness about
different cultures of the world.

This will contribute in creating

individuals with a broader
understanding of issues concerning
todays society rather than limiting
them in a scope of home education
system.

For example, universities have a large

community of students both from the
local area and all around the globe.

The diverse academic community

enhances the quality of learning by
providing wider spectrum of opinions
and expertise.

This example clearly shows that

international education enhances
outlook and sharpens self-awareness.

Moreover, acquiring a globally

recognized qualification or degree
opens the doors for international
job market.

The students gain more knowledge

and expertise when abroad and
apply them to situations requiring
international interactions.

Also, employers look for the

graduates with international

experience either by studying or

working abroad.

20,21,22) Is it better to study at your

home country or is it better to study
abroad? OR Value added by travel in
Education. Is travel a necessary
component of education or not? Will
scholar sitting at home have more
knowledge than one who travels? OR
Travel to study is over rated, we have
brilliant scholars who studied locally.
Is travel really required for higher
studies?

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G. Decision Making and

Work Balance
Decision
Authority

Making

23. Organisations involve employees in

decision making process of their
products and services. Discuss the
advantages and disadvantages of
both.
24. Companys top level authorities
should get their employees in
decision making process. Discuss

Time Management
25. Different people get success in
different fields. Some people work
long hours to get success, but
others feel that spend free time for
joy than Wealth. Which style
closely related to you and explain
your views?

Work Balance
26. Nowadays, people spend too much
time at work to the extent that they
hardly have time for their personal
life. Discuss.

24) Should top level authorities take

suggestions or ideas from employees
to make any decisions? Discuss.
Decision making is a crucial step in a
success of a company. The moot question
is that whether involvement of employees
is required for the decision making
process.
The solid foundation of any successful
company is its people. Employees
represent a source of knowledge and
ideas, but often times that resource
remains untapped. Involving employees
in the decision-making process not only
empowers them to contribute to the
success of an organization, but also
saves the company time and money. It
also increases productivity and
reduces outsourcing.
Improving Morale-Actively engaging
workers in the decision-making
process increases overall company
morale. Employees understand their
ideas are an important contribution to the
company, and gives them the power to
influence the outcome of their work,
leading to increased job satisfaction and a
positive attitude.

Modern lifestyle has brought some drastic

changes in a way we function as
compared to our traditional lifestyle.
People are spending most of their day at
work and can hardly spare some time for
personal life.
People work more hours than required to
improve their performance and
maintain their position at work
Work-life balance is about creating
and maintaining supportive and
healthy work environments, which will
enable employees to have balance
between work and personal
responsibilities and thus strengthen
employee loyalty and productivity.
Todays workers have many competing
responsibilities such as work and
children. Work-life conflict is a serious
problem that impacts workers, their
employers and communities.

Long work hours and highly stressful jobs

leads to numerous physical and mental

health implications. For instance,
Internal Resources-Using employees in
associated with health risks, such as
the decision-making process, rather than increased smoking and alcohol
outsourcing, saves money, time, and
consumption, weight gain and depression.
offers the company long-term reliable
assistance from those who know the
Negative implications on family life.
corporation well.
Their work responsibilities interfere with
their ability to fulfill their responsibilities

at home.
Teamwork-Participation in the decisionmaking process gives each employee the
A growing number of employers have
opportunity to voice their opinions, and
implemented wellness programs or
to share their knowledge with others.
pay for their employees gym
While this improves the relationship
membership as part of a benefits package.
between manager and employee, it also
encourages a strong sense of teamwork
among workers.

25, 26) Nowadays, people spend too

much time at work to the extent that
they hardly have time for their
personal life. Discuss.

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27,28) Do you think that it is a good

idea to participate in dangerous
activities like extreme skiing, bungee
jumping, sky diving, motorcycle sports
etc.? Should we support such activities
or not?

H. Sports, Recreation
activities
27. Extreme sports like skiing, water
rafting etc etc are dangerous and
should these be banned?

Advancing technology and science has

invented new sports, never imagined
before with the risks that never existed
before. This argument can be proven by
looking at how these kinds of sports teach
self-reliance, teamwork and let everyone
leave their comfort zone.

28. Pros and Cons of

extreme/adventure sports.

While every sport has a danger, extreme

sports athletes are at a high risk of
serious injuries. when things go wrong,
they pay a heavy price. For instance,
Michael Schumacher was left fighting
for his life after a dreadful ski accident
in the French Alps 2 years ago. Thus, we
can say that adventurous people are
prepared to gamble their safety in search
of adrenaline rush

On the other hand, many people are

reluctant to try new things like mountain
biking, scuba diving, white river rafting,
para-gliding etc., thinking that they do not
possess the skills or have an ability to
enjoy it. Encouraging people to try new
activities results in building up team
spirit, promoting positive attitude and
making them come out of their comfort
zone. Thus, we can say that by trying out
dangerous sports, one can get rid-off the
negative feeling and develop a feeling of
working as a team.

Looking at the above arguments, we can

say that adventure sports have many
impressive benefits including problem
solving, improved communication
skills, self-confidence and team work.
Hence, these activities should be
supported but it is recommended that
these sports should be tried under proper
guidance and supervision of a guard. (Can
also talk about economic benefits through
tourism)

I.

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J. Modern Invention
29. In the past 100 years, there have
been many inventions such as
antibiotics, air planes and
computers. What do you think is
the most important of them? Why?
Greatest invention in the last 100
years, medicine, science or
technology?

29) In the past 100 years, there were

many inventions such as antibiotics,
airplanes and computers. What do you
think was the most important
invention of the past 100 years? Why?

The ability to innovate has always been

an integral aspect of the human
civilisation. This is one of the key factors
which has helped humans propel forward
and remain distinct from all other living
creatures in this world. Although
numerous other inventions in the last
century were important in their own
places, computers were above all for a
multitude of reasons.

30. What are the greatest inventions of

the 20th century among medicine,
aeroplane and computers, why?

31. ANY NEW TECHNOLOGICAL

DEVELOPMENT IN THE
RECENT YEARS IS A BOON OR
CURSE FOR THE SOCIETY IN
GENERAL. Do you agree or
disagree that Mass Media, Like TV,
Radio and Newspaper have a huge
impact on people, especially young
generation?

32. Talk about the pros/cons of this

era as is full of daily invention.
Any recent invention that you
think proved beneficial or
detrimental to society.

33. Most people in what are known as

the developed nations have homes
full of gadgets and laborsaving devices, from vacuum
cleaners and dishwashers to the
latest in computer technology.
Some people claim that despite all
these labor-saving devices, we seem
to have less free time. In your
opinion, has technology improved
the quality of life or made it more
complicated?

One strong argument in favour of

computers is that they have propelled
research and science forward faster
than ever before. We cannot even
imagine any research project without
these devices today; they are the primary
tool for data collection, storage and
analysis in an array of fields such as
nuclear technology, biotechnology and
statistics. Thanks to modern robotics,
micro-operations inside our body by
nano-robots operated remotely by
surgeons located far away in their control
rooms have become a reality today.

In addition, no one can deny that

computers save our time in our day-today lives. Had they not been invented,
we would have been stuck with pen
and paper and cupboards full of
documents. With the ubiquity of the
internet, we can store millions of such
documents and photographs in the cloud
and access them anytime and from
anywhere in the world and we do not
need to run to our storage vaults and
spend hours to find the document we are
after. Furthermore, activities like
shopping are not hectic and time
consuming anymore as we do not have to
visit brick-and-mortar stores to buy
things; we can rather shop online and
spend that time on something more
productive.

34. When computers first appeared on

the scene, it was thought they
would make us more productive
in providing goods and services,
smarter and possibly happier.
Skeptics claim that the opposite is
true as computers have proved
disappointing in terms of
productivity, and have made us
less happy and more stupid
because information is not
knowledge.Which of these points of
view do you agree with most?

Based on the above arguments, I concede

that computers were our most
important creation of the 20th century
as they have not only speeded up our
research work, but also increased our
efficiency in our daily lives.

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32) Talk about pros/cons of this era as

it is full of daily inventions
In today's world, where just about
everything is more convenient and
accessible due to advances in technology
across almost all sectors. However,
despite how far technology has taken
humans and no matter how convenient it
may make things, there are some
disadvantages accompanying this level of
access.
Technology advances show people a
more efficient way to do things, and
these processes get results. For example,
education has been greatly advanced by
the technological advances of computers.
Students are able to learn on a global
scale without ever leaving their
classrooms..This results in cost savings
for business owners.
The more advanced society becomes
technologically, the more people begin
to depend on computers and other
forms of technology for everyday
existence. This means that when a
machine breaks or a computer crashes,
humans become almost disabled until the
problem is resolved. This kind of
dependency on technology puts people
at a distinct disadvantage, because they
become less self-reliant.
Human workers retain less value,
which is a disadvantage of
technological advances. Because
machines automate processes and do the
work of 10 people with one computer,
companies find they don't need to
employ as many people to get the job
done. As machines and computers
become even more advanced and
efficient, this will continue to be a
growing disadvantage of technology and
an issue that has a global impact.

32) Write about any recent

technological development in the
recent years that you think has proved
beneficial or detrimental to society.
Internet: helped in research-google,
online libraries
Brought people closer-skype, Facebook
BAD- less human interaction- people are
more self-centred.
Loss of privacy and data insecurity-
hacking, constant monitoring of our
online accounts.
These developments have also been
both positive and negative.In this essay
I will discuss both the pros and cons of
these innovative inventions.

These days we hear about new

inventions in numerous fields every
day. Discuss about the pros and cons of
such fast paced technological
advancements. How do they impact
our lives?
It is an undeniable fact that inventions
have shrunk the boundaries of the world
we live in. In this modern era everyday
there is some new invention in some part
of the world. Although these inventions
are meant to solve problems, many have
proven to be dangerous. This essay will
talk about its positive and negative
impacts.

To start with advantages ,one cannot

disagree that techonolgy has made our
life simpler.We are now super efficient
and easily accessible.Such is the extent of
our improved efficieny that just with a
click of a button we can do work which
earlier used to take several weeks or
months . Communication barriers have
also been broken via high speed
internet and thanks to satellite we can
now predict about everything around
us in a much better way.
Now looking at the disadvantages , with
the comfort provided by technology
people have also become obese, lazy
and introvert .A lot of people tend to get
glued to their mobile devices and talk less
frequently , while a lot other with others
prefer ordering food online rather than
walking down the street. These habits are
negatively impacting their health and
their life.
To conclude, technological
developments have indeed
tremendously impacted our life and in
my opinion it is upto to us how we make
best use of them.We should not let
technology take over our daily habits and
anything which we see can negatively
impact our life should be shunned
immediately.

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35-37 Television

K. TV & Mass Media

TV became an essential part of life

Television

TV informs and entertain

Tv provides relaxation and companion

35. Nowadays TV has become an

essential part of life. Medium to
spread news & awareness and for
some it acts like a companion.
What is your opinion about this?

36. Television has two roles: to inform

and to entertain. Explain which of
these roles you see as more

important. To what extent do you

think that TV today performs each
of these roles in an effective way?
Support your point of view with
details from your own experiences,
observations or reading.
37. Television has many useful
functions to play in everyones life,
for some its relaxation, for some it
is companion.

38. The mass media including TV,

Radio and newspaper influence
our society and shape our opinions
and characters. What is your
opinion?

Television is now playing a very

important role in our lives. Television
keeps you informed about current
events. It allows you to follow the
latest developments in science and
politics.
Many television programs introduce
people to things they never thought
of before and have never heard of
before.

television is more lifelike, vivid, and

real.

Television keeps people informed of

the news and weather. disasters like
floods, winds, etc.

Disadvantages

Television is a great time waster.

We no longer have enough time for

hobbies, entertaining activities.

40. Communication has changed

significantly in the last 10 years.
Discuss pros and cons impacts.

41. Some people use television as a

form of entertainment only while
others take it as a source of
information. Choose which
position you agree the most with.

People have grown addicted to

television, often neglecting the
necessary and more important things
like meals, sleep, and even work.

Television prevents people from

communicating with each other.

Newspapers, radio, television, and the

Internetincluding e-mail and blogs
are significantly influential on our society.
The news media focus the publics
attention on certain personalities and
issues, leading many people to form
opinions about them.
It is a system used by advertisement
agencies and media outlets, such as
television channels and radio stations to
"convince" their audiences to do or act in
a certain way. It appeals to the
vulnerability of the desired target .

Television has been good company to For instance, a famous person or

persons Who are recognized and
those who do not work, like
admired by whole communities. These
housewives, lonely old people, etc.
individuals have the "Power" to convince
It brings most distant countries and their followers or fans into taking any
kind of action or decision. Therefore,
the strangest customs right into
these famous people usually are linked or
your living room.
work for some media outlet and are used,
to influence the community accordingly.
Compared with radio, everything on

39. Information revolution has

changed the way of mass
communications and had some
negative and positive effects on
individual lives as well as on
society. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

38) The mass media including TV,

Radio and newspaper influence our
society and shape our opinions and
characters. What is your opinion?

The media has changed significantly in

the past years. Because of the availability
of television and radio all populations and
classes have been exposed to various
types of media. The Internet has
provided an even newer media
resource. The majority of people have
very little time for reading and exploring
the truth of information. The producers of
media publication are aware of this and
use the media to influence public choice
and opinion. The problem lies in that
many people are gullible and society as a
whole is easily influenced by the media
representations. The media also
responds to public demand and
provides the information that the
public craves.

It has done much harm to the

relationship between family
members.

Families sit and watch television at

dinner instead of talking with each
other

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40) Communication has changed

41. Some people use television as a
significantly in the last 10 yers. Disucss form of entertainment only while
pros and cons impacts
others take it as a source of
information. Choose which position
you agree the most with.
IT has not only brought the world closer
together. Therefore, we can not only
share information quickly and
Entertainment: Nowadays the television
efficiently, but we can also bring down
set at home is only for pure
barriers of linguistic and geographic
entertainment. To watch movies when
boundaries. The world has developed into friends are around, to watch games or to
a global village due to the help of
play music and videos.
information technology allowing to
shares ideas and information with each
Television as a source of information:
other.
Television keeps you informed about
current events.
Communication has also become
cheaper, quicker, and more efficient.
Television keeps people informed of
We can now communicate with anyone
the news and weather. Disasters like
around the globe by simply text
floods, winds, etc. It allows people to
messaging them or sending them an email follow the latest developments in science
for an almost instantaneous response.
and politics. Without actively searching
The internet has also opened up face to
for anything it presents us all the current
face direct communication from different affairs going on around the world.
parts of the world thanks to the helps of
video conferencing.
Information can be gained from other
easier sources like the internet. We get
Bridging the cultural gap - Information news in our mobile newsfeeds of our
technology has helped to bridge the
laptops where we can select just what we
cultural gap by helping people from
want to know. For e.g.: TV- all types of
different cultures to communicate with
news-need to wait for a certain time for
one another, and allow for the exchange
certain type of programs- advertisements
of views and ideas, thus increasing
Whereas internet-we can choose what we
awareness and reducing prejudice.
want.
Privacy - Though information
technology may have made
communication quicker, easier and
more convenient, it has also bought along
privacy issues. Due to website and email
hacking, people are now worried about
their once private information becoming
public knowledge.

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L. Evolution, Replacement,
Improvement, industrial
revolution
42. Large shopping malls are
replacing small shops. What is
your opinion about this? Discuss
with appropriate examples.
43. In the 18th century due to
industrialization a lot of people
migrated to develop countries. This
affected lifestyle and increased
major problems in develop
countries.
44. Do you believe that industrial
revolution was the main factor for
problems in developed nation?

42. Large shopping malls are replacing

small shops. What is your opinion
about this? Discuss with appropriate
examples.

43,44. Industrial Revolution

These include excessive crowding,

especially on weekends and holidays.
Crowded aisles and stores make shopping
very difficult; people often end up
forgetting items they needed to buy.
Parking can also be a problem when the
mall is very crowded.

In summary, the industrial revolution has

increased the standard of living due to the
increases in average income, but also
contribute to the social issues caused by
the foreign migrants.

It is undeniable that industrial revolution

marks a major turning point in human
history. Industrial Revolution refers to
It is an undeniable fact that mall culture is the transition from old to new
spreading its wings in most urban areas
manufacturing processes back in the 18th
by replacing small shops. The question
centuries. This transformation includes
whether this boom of mall's trend is
the evolution of hand prodution methods
positive or negative is a complex issue,
to machines which increases the
upon which opinion varies greatly. In this production efficiency, thus led to mass
essay we will look at some pros and cons human migration to the developed
of this trend.
countries. The consequences of industrial
revolution will be discussed in the
Parking is one of the major hassles for sections below.
people who go into the city to shop.
Shopping at malls eliminates this
With growing economy, the average
problem, because parking is provided
income and population began to increase
either free of charge or for a nominal fee. consistently. This means that people are
This makes it advantageous for people to able to afford a better living, as well as
choose to shop at a mall rather than a
better educational opportunity. This has
single store. Families who choose to visit strongly contributed to the civilization of
a mall on the weekend or holiday for a
todays world. Had the economy not grew
family outing find it to be a more
so rapidly, the population would not have
convenient option mainly because
enjoyed a improved and better life style.
parking is provided
Bringing wealth and power to Great
Britain throughout the 19th century.
Visiting a mall is advantageous
because of the numerous stores
With the invention of steam power
housed in one complex. Groceries,
engine, the mass transportation of goods
clothes, shoes, reading material, food
overseas became possible. However, this
courts, cinemas and entertainment
also means that human migration from
arcades are available in one place. Malls
least developed country became easier.
make great meeting places for friends to
The increase in foreign migrants has led
catch up over coffee at a caf or a meal at to social issues, for instance, the increase
the food court.
in crime rates.

The temptation to browse is always

present, and browsing often leads to
buying things that are not needed.
Keeping to a monthly budget becomes
increasingly difficult every time you visit
the mall. With all the sales and special
offers intended to tempt buyers, saying
"no" becomes very hard.

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Only Favours the upper class and rich

families.
No laws and regulation or whatsoever to
restrict children as young as 7 to work
full time in coal mines or factories.
The tedious and dangerous factory work
had negative effects on the health of
children.
People from the country side floked to the
towns and the new factories to get work.
This resulted in a very high
unemployement rate for workers in the
initial phases of the industrial revolution.
Desperate migrants had no bargaining
power to demand for fair remuneration.
Densely packed and poorly constructed
working-class neighbourhoods
contributed to the fast spread of desease,
for instance cholera, tubercuosis

45. Do you think consumers should

avoid over packed products or it is
responsibility of producer to avoid
extra packaging of products?" Give
your views or any relevant example.

M. Packaging and
Advertising
45. Do you think consumer should
avoid over packed products or it
is responsibility of producer to
avoid extra packaging of
products? Give your views or
any relevant example with your
own experience.

is an undeniable fact that some form

of packaging is absolutely necessary
to deliver finished products safely to
the consumers or simply to increase
the aesthetic beauty and appeal of the
product. As such packaging material
have numerous disadvantages,
consumers should be conscious to not
buy unnecessarily over-packaged
products ultimately forcing producers
to refrain from such unethical practice.

46. Some people think placing

advertisements in schools is a
great resource for public schools
that need additionally funding,
but others think it exploits
children by treating them as a
captive audience for corporate
sponsors

Packaging helps to protect the

products from damage or
contamination during
transportation. But producers do not
always package their products for this
purpose. They very often combine
multiple layers of packaging. For
instance, putting products in a tray and
wrapping with a plastic which are then
boxed. Moreover, colourful stickers are
placed on the box to make it look
attractive to the consumers which
could have been avoided if producers
wanted to be more responsible.

# Temperature controlled food, help

to maintain its quality. Foil cover
prevent excessive heat or sun rays
destroying the content.

Foam and plastic crate protects

cookies from getting crumbled.

Environmentally not friendly.

Consumers should always determine

which product is good and make their
choice. They should not be attracted
to the colourful impulsive packaging
but avoid them. The packaged goods
industry is highly competitive, and
packaging manufacturers, packaged
goods producers and retailers are all
under pressure to come up with new
and better packaging solutions.

Polystyrene is not degradable, hence

polluting the mother nature, leading
to environmental pollution.

46. Some people think placing

advertisements in schools is a great
resource for public schools that need
additional funding, but others think
it exploits children by treating them
as a captive audience for corporate
sponsors. Choose which position you
most agree with and discuss why you
chose that position.
Public schools have seen a myriad of
challenges in recent years of economic
slowdown .To alleviate the financial
pinch , schools have no other option
other than commercialism to make ends
meet. Instead of cutting on
developmental programs, schools are
trying to gain income by selling
advertisements on scoreboards , buses
and even lockers to make up for some of
their budget shortfalls. However, this
practice is quite controversial one, as
parents and community ponder
whether advertising in and around
schools is sending the right message
to the student. I am of the opinion that
advertising is an excellent resource for
public schools facing funds crunches.
Firstly, with huge budgets cuts and
layoffs at their peak, any income
obtained from advertising can be used
to encourage and assist faculty to give
their best and to improve
infrastructure. Lots of people are of the
opinion that income generated by
advertising is paltry but my belief is that
every bit counts , and more so when it is
about future of the kids.
Secondly, few of the parents with the
perspective that their kids are made
captive audience by showing them the
advertisements are oblivious of the fact
that this can serve as learning for them.
As they grow up, it would be easier for
them to choose between products and
make intelligent buying decisions
based on the product history.

Based on the above arguments,

producers not only have a control over
how they want to produce and present
their goods, but also have a moral
responsibility to care for the
environment, hence it can be argued
that producers are the ones who should
stop this practice of using unnecessary
packaging material to only increase the
appeal of a product without actually
adding value. They can rather direct
their resources to educate the masses
about the importance of how their
practice is ethical than others, which in
turn will boost their sales by increasing
trust amongst their customer.

To conclude, though one can always

argue that lure of tens of thousands of
dollars in unrestricted revenue is hard to
turn down, especially in crisis like
situation, one should also not forget the
positive aspects of this revenue which
can act as a critical support and as an
effective tool in improving the quality
standards of currently ailing and cash
strapped educational institutes.

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N. Merchandise,
Marketing
47. Should marketing for consumer
goods companies like clothing
and food focus on reputation or
on short term strategies like
discount and special offers?
Why?
48. "Marketing strategy for big
companies should be placed on
offer and discounts, and in what
ways this can impact on their
reputatio

Sustainability

48. Should the marketing strategy

for big companies should be placed
on offer and discounts, or they
should focus more on quality? In
what ways can this impact on their
reputation.
It is an undeniable fact that offering
quality product and services should be
a mandatory requirement for any
company. There should no exception or
choice on this. Advertising their
products and services on offer and
discounts is very essential. Offering
discounts attracts more customers
which will help increase the customer
base of the organizations. Groupon is a
very good example. They have built a
very successful business around the
concept of discounting. They only
promote the products or services of
third party businesses by offering
whooping discounts, attract numerous
customers and run successfully on the
commission offered by the service
providers.
Discounting can actually hurt your
business in the long run. If you are
giving discounts it shows that you have
lack of confidence on your product,
people expect same price every time it
is a bad precedent, you are making your
product lower perceived value, people
think that your product is
untrustworthiness and finally you are
making cut down in your profit.

Instead of spending the valuable time
and money on promotions for
discounts, companies can focus on
value of the product, know their
target audience, and show
confidence in products. The perfect
example for this kind of organization is
Apple. They have branded themselves
as a company providing high quality
gadgets. They focus on quality and
improvements of the features and are
one of the highest selling brands while
maintaining higher prices as compared
with similar products by other brands.

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49. If you are assigned to work on a

study on climate change, what study
will you choose to focus on and why?

O. Climate Change, Global

Warming,
Environmental
49. You need to study climate change.
Which aspect of climate change
will you choose and why? Use
examples.
50. Write about Climate change? Who
is responsible whether
Government or industries? Why
51. Roles of governments, companies
and individuals to combat climate
change
52. The environment we live in is in
danger due to various problems.
What are the underlying causes?
Who is responsible to combat this?
What measures?

Environment

Deforestation- Deforestation is a
rapidly-growing problem in areas like
Africa, Central and South America. Not
only does this mean less trees, less
cleansing oxygen, and the
displacement of the wildlife,
deforestation means a dangerous
decrease in a natural fighter of global
warming

Pollution-Pollution comes in many
forms and no matter where you live.
The main reason for why pollution has
gotten so out of control is that our
desire for more stuff has led to our
old stuff being thrown away at an
alarming and unnecessary rate. This
need for manufactured items also
leads to the air and water pollution
emitted from factories, which in many
countries are highly unregulated.

Loss of Biodiversity-Each species has a
role in our planet, and when one dies
out, it can have catastrophic effects on
the rest of us. Currently, many other
animals are in danger of becoming
extinct, either from being forced out of
their habitats by man or by climate
change.

You can discuss on one of the topics

below and elaborate them: Loss of
Biodiversity-Each species has a role in
our planet, and when one dies out, it can
have catastrophic effects on the rest of us.
Currently, many other animals are in
danger of becoming extinct, either from
being forced out of their habitats by man
or by climate change. Study of change in
rainfall patterns: Effect on urban
lifestyle- big cities- roads-engineering
effects on rural communities:
agriculture- crop plantation and
harvesting- avoiding damage from
rain. Study on the causes of global
warming: like effect of fossil fuel
consumption, effect of deforestation,
OR increase in sea level due to global
warming

50. Climate Change/Global Warming

But what really is the proper role for
individuals and institutions in addressing
climate change? An immediate and
natural response may be that everyone
should do their part
Decisions affecting carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions, for example, are made
primarily by companies and consumers.
This includes decisions by companies
about how to produce electricity, as well
as thousands of other goods and services;
and decisions by consumers regarding
what to buy, how to transport themselves,
and how to keep their homes warm, cool,
and light.

tropical deforestation and its associated

global warming emissions
51,52. The environment we are living
in is in danger due to various problems
such as climate change. Who do you
think should be responsible to solve it?
Is it the governments, organisations or
individuals?
No one can deny that the planet we live in
is at serious threat. Increasing number of
natural calamities like Tsunami,
earthquakes, floods and hurricanes have
given us repeated warning signals. This
essay will outline few causes and
measures that must be implemented by
the responsible parties.
Organisations: They have the money
and human resources qualified to
advocate for the change. Big
corporations can switch to eco-friendly
production methods.
Individuals: Individuals should be
responsible because, after all, they are
the ones who elect governments,
consume products, and make
organisations. If every person feels the
moral obligation to protect the
environment, the issue will be instantly
solved. They can force the government to
be serious about the environment by
using the power of ballot, and force
organisations to change their methods by
boycotting the ones who are careless
about the environment.
Governments: They should take the
initiative to bring about the much
necessary change as they are the ones
who can change laws and force
individuals and organisations to become
compliant.

In order to effectively address global

warming, we must significantly reduce
the amount of heat-trapping emissions
we are putting into the atmosphere. As
individuals, we can help by taking action
to reduce our personal carbon emissions.
But to fully address the threat of global
warming, we must demand action from
our elected leaders to support and
implement a comprehensive set of
climate solutions:

Expand the use of renewable energy

and transform our energy system to a
cleaner onePlace limits on the amount
of carbon that polluters are allowed to
emit.

Build a clean energy economy by
investing in efficient energy technologies,

industries, and approaches. Reduce

P. Government, Country,
Politics, Democracy ,
decision, Law , Rights

55.

56.

57.

58.

54. The claim that animals have

rights has been the subject of much
debate since the 1970s. Are zoos
helping or hurting our animals? Should
zoos be banned? Do you agree or
disagree?

In the recent times veganism and animal

rights are making headlines. With the
Taking care of the current problems is advancement of technology many shocking
videos have been coming out on animal
the first priority. If we are not happy
now, there is no point of thinking of the cruelty and many are becoming aware of
future and spending everything we have animal rights. In this essay we will advocate
on uncertain things. Rather than looking for banning of zoos as there are alternate
ways to see the animals.
for alternatives of the earth, we should

look at ways to protect it by saving the
The claim that animals have
It been taught in schools that man
environment, becoming eco-friendlier.
rights has been the subject of
originated from monkeys, so why cage our
much debate since the 1970s. Are
ancestors? Zoos are mostly
Most of the technologies we take for
zoos helping or hurting our
granted today were originated thanks commercialized and rob animals from
aniamls? Should zoos be banned?
their right of living in natural habitat.
to space research. Take satellite
Do you agree or disagree?
Many are having to spend their entire life in
technology, for example, which we
depend on for broadcasting and weather a cage just because some more powerful
"In some countries around the
forecasting. Without satellites, we would species like humans can watch them and
world, voting is compulsory. Do
not be able to follow global events as they experiment on them. Secondly there are
you agree with the notion of
happen, nor give populations any warning alternate ways to see them in their natural
compulsory voting?
habitat. For example, African safaris take
of approaching storms. Space research
have safe vehicles which go into jungles
has also led to the development of new
lightweight materials that offer us heat and forests and get to see these animals
If Voting is compulsory in
protection and enable food preservation. and sometimes feed them as well. In this
democratic society, what
way humans get to travel as well as watch
Therefore, the challenge of sending
conclusions can we draw about
them without hurting them.
human beings into space has often driven
Nature of democracy?
the development of new technologies that
In conclusion, we should live in harmony
benefit our everyday lives.
In some countries around the
with nature and other living entities. Just
world, voting is compulsory. Do
Secondly, we cannot foresee the distant because we have more intelligence and
you agree with the notion of
have ability to capture and control them
future, so we ought to develop the
compulsory voting? If voting is
does not make us superior.
capability to escape from the earth.
compulsory in a democratic society,
Gradually, we are learning how humans
what are some conclusions we can
can survive for long periods in space and Zoos played an important role in
draw about the nature of
even travel to other planets in the future. rehabilitating near extinction animals. Due
democracy?
to increasing population and deforestation
If space exploration is halted, this
to make rooms for the human being, Many
valuable knowledge will never be
Tobacco, mainly in the form of
wild animals who lost their natural
acquired. It is true that environmental
cigarettes, is one of the most widely destruction is also a serious issue, but it is ecosystem were rescued and taken care of
used drugs in the world. over a
In the zoos. This provides them an
also true that we remain dependent on
billion adults legally smoke
our environment if we never accept the opportunity to live as well as breed. This
tobacco every day. The long term
successful program has ensured the human
challenge of exploring other worlds.
health costs are high- for smokers
generation will be able to admire the
themselves, and for the wider
In conclusion, while we undoubtedly face animals in without having to learn them
community in terms of health care
serious problems on our own planet, it is only from the books and pictures.
costs and lost productivity .Do
imperative that we continue to explore
governments have a legitimate role
Panda has played an important role for
space. This will promote further
to legislate to protect citizens from
technological advances as well as provide China to alliance with other countries. It
the harmful effects of their own
a possible means of escape should earth promotes further research and studies the
decisions to smoke, or are such
become uninhabitable in future. Ideally, opportunities for pandas to survive outside
decisions up to the individual? To
of its natural habitat.
all nations should cooperate in the
what extent you agree ?
advancement of space research.
However, zoos have been commercialised
in recent days. Many animals are forced

captive by the human being in order to
display them in the zoo to attract visitors.

In some case, a conspicuous example is
animals being abused in captivity. More

often or not they will suffer from
depression and will lead to some disastrous

consequences. Animal cruelty is prevalent
in recent days.

53. Do you think that it is better for

governments to spend a huge
amount of money in activities like
space exploration when there any
so many crucial problems in our
society where that money could be
spent?
54.

53. Do you think that it is better for

governments to spend a huge amount
of money in activities like space
exploration when there any so many
crucial problems in our society where
that money could be spent?

55, 56,57. In some countries around

the world, voting is compulsory. Do
you agree with the notion of
compulsory voting? If Voting is
compulsory in democratic society,
what conclusions can we draw about
Nature of democracy?

Compulsory voting in a democratic
society is undeniably a controversial
topic as it raises a question: how
democratic a nation will be with or
without compulsory voting. This system
has many benefits to the nation, if it is
implemented in a right manner. In this
essay we will discuss the nature of
democracy with few examples of
compulsory voting.

Democracy is also known as republic,
is a governing system where the
citizens of the country vote to one of
the several parties competing for the
Presidents position. If only 30% of the
people vote then outcome of the election
will be unfair, as those who did not vote
may not like the party that won the
election. For instance, In America, Bill
Clinton won when mere 34% of the total
population voted. Similarly, in India on an
average only 50 to 55% of the people vote
and rest have to accept the rules drafted
by the unwanted members of the
parliament.

Turning to the compulsory voting, in
Australia voting is compulsory since
last 80 years. Almost 90% of public
participate and there is a little fine for
those who dont participate. Moreover,
in South American nations like Peru and
Bolivia there are harsh punitive action
against those who dont vote. For
example, Non Voters are barred from
accessing their own bank accounts for
up to 3 months. This is the reason there
are some people who are against
compulsory voting.

58. "Tobacco, mainly in the form of

cigarettes is one of the most widely
used drugs in the world. Over a billion
adults legally smoke tobacco every
day. The long term health costs are
high- for the smokers themselves, and
for the wider community in terms of
health care costs and lost productivity.

Do Governments have a legitimate role to
protect citizens from the harmful effects
of their own decisions to smoke, or are
such decisions up to an individual?
Tobacco is one of the most widely-used
drugs of the world. Over a billion adults
legally smoke tobacco every day. Tobacco
is slowly taking a billion people in the
world towards doom. The long term
health costs are high for smokers, who
suffer from various heart and lung
diseases, reduced concentration and
continually diminishing immunity.
Governments should always be
responsible to protect their people from
these ill effects of smoking.

Non-smokers, accompanying smokers or
those who are in their close vicinity, also
become Passive smokers and bear the
toll of various inevitable diseases as they
inhale the smoke which has an ill-effect
on their respiratory systems. Thus, the
health costs are highfor smokers
themselves, and for wider community in
terms of health care costs and lost
productivity. There has been awareness
among people from many years, about the
ill-effects of smoking and various
campaigns run by the government, NGOs
and local bodies to encourage people to
quit smoking. The solution is to nip the
problem in the bud. School authorities
and parents should keep a close eye so
that children dont start to smoke because
they think it is cool. They should be
made aware about the harmful effects of
smoking.

Government could play a vital role too.
Smoking should not be high-hand in

advertisements and movie commercials
In a nutshell it can be said that
which have a huge impact on people. It
compulsory voting is an imperative step
could levy high taxes on tobacco products
in a democratic society, however its
implication in a friendly manner is of vital to keep people away from its reach. Rules
for checking children buying such
importance. So compulsory voting is
products should be made
mandatory for a democracy to be a
stringent.
democracy.
To conclude with, the solution requires
the legitimate action of Government

which encourages individual decisions to
eliminate the problem.

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60. Tourism, a medium to bridge

communicational gaps among countries,
not only provides as a medium to
exchange culture but also accounts for
Ideas: In recent decades, low cost airfare one of the major sources of income for
many countries. I personally feel that if
has made international travel easier
tourists travel around the country and see
and many countries have, therefore,
how people live and have experiences of
developed their tourism industries into
key sectors of their economies. While it is new customs and cuisines, it would be
highly beneficial for the tourist as well as
clear tourism brings obvious benefits to
the local community.
the countries that host tourists, it is also
true to say it may bring disadvantages as
This issue can be looked at from two
well.
point of views. From the point of view of
Undoubtedly, there are significant
the tourist, in the large pre-managed
benefits that tourism brings to a
resort travel they may or may not get
country. First, a thriving tourist
authentic local experience. There could
industry implies an increasing need
for a variety of services such as hotels, be cultural shows that would be
organized to provide information about
transport, restaurants, and
the local community but like they say, a
entertainment. This results in a
copy is never as good as the original.
considerable number of jobs being
Moreover, it would also be cheaper for
created for people who lack a college
the tourist to organize the trip
education and also the development of
themselves. It could take a little more
the infrastructure needed to
effort but would surely be worth the
accommodate visitors. Moreover,
while in most of the cases.
tourism is a "green" industry that,
On the other hand, looking at it from the
unlike factories, generates a low level
local communitys point of view, it
of pollution. In fact, because beautiful
would be highly beneficial for them if
natural landscapes are often places that
the tourist came to their places and
tourists come to see, a country will often
spent their time in the community
be sure to maintain the landscape in
itself. Local cuisine would be
order to keep it attractive for tourists.
advertised along with local culture

Despite the benefits, there are aspects of being spread around the world. The
tourist would also get to know the history
tourism that may prove harmful to a
of the place from the authentic local
country. For instance, a country may
suffer from the loss of their traditional people. Also, the local people would
also be aware of different cultures in
culture. This is caused by people in a
other parts of the world, making them
country changing their lifestyle,
more aware of the diverse cultures
customs, and language in order to more
across the globe.
effectively serve visitors or because they

become influenced by foreign countries.
To sum it up, if the tourist goes to the
This can cause stress in a traditional
local community to enjoy their time
society and could even lead to animosity
rather than the pre managed resorts
towards tourists. In addition, because
tourists often carry expensive objects like while travelling, it would be beneficial
economically, socially and culturally for
cameras and are unaware of their
surroundings, they make good targets for both, the tourist and the local
theft. Crime also increases as a result of community.`
the increases in drugs and prostitution
that caters to some vacationers.

In summary, global tourism is greatly
beneficial to an economy and
environment of a country. However, it can
be detrimental in several ways. To my
way of thinking, a country should seek to
develop its tourism industry because it
can bring steady jobs to many people
without their need for higher education
and without the risk of environmental
damages.
59. In under developed countries,
tourism has both advantages and
disadvantages. Discuss.

Q. Tourism
59. In under developed countries,
tourism has disadvantages and can
be said the opposite as well.
60. Some people prefer to spend their
holidays in resorts where
everything is organized for them
and they take little interest in the
country they are visiting. Others
prefer to travel around the country
and to see how the people live, to
get to know their customs and
traditions and cuisine.
Write an essay on which type of
foreign travel you think is best for
both the tourist and the local
community.

The development in rural areas in

underdeveloped countries can be
attributed to tourism.

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R. Abstract Ideology, &

Discussion
61. A recent trend in the
entertainment world is to adapt
classic works of literature for
either TV or the movies. One
argument is that this is to
everyone's benefit, as it introduces
people to works they
might otherwise never have
experienced, while others say that
turning books into movies not only
cheapens the original, but is rarely
done successfully.In your opinion,
do works of literature translate
effectively to the screen?
62. It has recently been suggested that
the classical, or "dead", languages
Latin and Greek should be reintroduced into the school
curriculum. Those that oppose the
idea claim that the ancient
languages are of no practical use
and no help in getting a job. Those
in favor of the idea say that
education is more about training
the mind than preparing for a
career.Which of these points of
view do you most agree with?
63. In a war of ideas, it is people who
get killed. Does a common man
suffer from a groups ideology?
Express your opinion, and support
the same with reasons and
examples.

63. In a war of ideas, it is people who

get killed. Does a common man suffer
from a groups ideology? Express your
opinion, and support the same with
reasons and examples.

and takes places by real conflicts. As

different view of thinking people creates
problems in life hence it conspicuous that
people get killed each other and suffer
from groups ideology.

Throughout history, the thinking of a

group of people is impacting the lives of
thousands of civilians. Whether it is
considered on a political or social level, a
set of decisions of a group explains how a
society should work. It is completely
agreed that in the conflict of interest
between different countries or different
groups within same country, it is the
innocent people who sacrifice their lives.
To begin with, if ones have different ideas
and beliefs than others, it may result in
clashes or conflicts. The situation
becomes more problematic and
dangerous when this is between two
larger groups rather than individuals; it
refers to as a war of ideas. People often
identify themselves with different groups
based on political, religious, racial,
philosophical ideas. During World War II,
a group of countries namely US, UK and
China united and attacked Japan with
explosive atomic bombs destroying the
cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing
more than one lakh civilians. This is a
clear example of the decision laid by a few
countries against Japan to surrender to its
Allies. Though, these countries achieved
victory in their mission but Japanese
people are still suffering from the
radioactive radiation effect which
resulted in blindness and mental
disorders. Thus, we can say that political
ideologies of a group can drastically harm
society.

Fighting the war of ideas

The group with which one identifies

oneself is considered as us and the
group or a person with whom one does
not identify oneself is considered as
them. Often groups ideology can create
Us vs. Them mentality towards people
who may be different in some way,
whether its race, gender, age, nationality,
class, religion and culture and socio
economic status. Another example of
September 11 attacks on US by a group of
19 militants, associated with Islamic
extremist group, hijacked four airplanes
and killed around 3,000 people by
colliding airplanes into symbolic US
landmark. This example clearly shows
how the decision and planning of these
terrorist activists took lives of thousands
of innocent people.
To conclude with, we can say that it is
common man who is suffering from the
social, economic and political interests of
a few people. Moreover, due to war of
ideas people divided in the groups which
viewing each other like evils. The critical
position develops to imaginary threats

Islam and the West are not engaged in a

clash of civilizations -- at least not yet. But
the West is being drawn into the clash of
two competing ideologies within the
Islamic world. Proponents of the first
believe that Islam is compatible with
secular democracy and basic civil
liberties. Proponents of the second are
committed to replacing the current world
order with a new caliphate -- that is, a
global Islamic state. They are the ones
who seek to trigger a true clash of
civilizations, partly in order to force the
more moderate Muslims to choose their
interpretation of Islam.