ELECTROSTATICS

Electrostatics is the study of static electrical

charges
There are two types of electrical charges
i) positive (+)
ii) negative (-)
Static electrical charges can be produced in a
material by rubbing

ELECTRICITY

Sources of electrical energy

Electrical energy is energy produced when
electric current flows
A source of electrical energy is any device
that produces electric charges or electric
current

ELECTRIC CURRENT
Moving electric charges (electrons) produce
electric current
Electric current is produced when electrons
in the conductor are forced to move in one
direction

No electric current flows when electrons

move randomly in a conductor

When electrical energy resources are

supplied, electrons in a conductor are
pushed so that they flow in one direction
to produce electric current

The Van de Graff generator can be used to

show the flow of electric current

ELECTRIC CURRENT, VOLTAGE AND

RESISTANCE

Electric Current (I)

An electric current is the flow of electrons
or the flow of electricity along a conductor
SI unit : ampere (A)
Electric current is measured using an
ammeter

ammeter

Voltage (V)
Voltage is electrical force that is needed to
enable electrons to flow from one point to
another in a conductor
SI unit : Volt (V)
Voltage is measured using a voltmeter

voltmeter

Resistance (R)
The property of material that prevents or
resists the flow of electrons through the
material is called the resistance
Resistance is measured in the unit of ohm
()
The bigger the ohm value in a resistor, the
bigger is its resistance

Measuring electricity
Quantity
Current

Instrument
Ammeter

Unit
Ampere (A)

Voltage

Voltmeter

Volt (V)

Resistance

Ohm ( )

The relationship between

voltage, current and resistance
1. The higher the resistance, the smaller the
current that flows through the circuit
2. The higher the voltage, the bigger the
current that flows through the circuit
3. Voltage is directly proportional to the
current

PARALLEL AND SERIES CIRCUITS

Symbols of electric circuit components
To make the drawing of an electric circuit easier,
components of an electric circuit should be
represented by certain symbols

Electric circuit
An electric circuit is a path that allows
electric current to flow through it
There are two types of electric circuit
i)
series circuit
ii) parallel circuit

Series circuit

Parallel circuit

Series circuit

Parallel circuit