Unit 1 The Online

World

Learning Aim B

Name: Hamzah Hussain

Form: 11 LCH

Lesson 1 Key Internet Terms

(Student Book B Pg 17-18)

Term
Abbreviation
Definition

Fill in the gaps below:

Point of
Presence
POP
An access point to the internet. Normally, it is a location which contains all of the hardware which allows
internet users access to the internet. An Internet Service Provider (ISP) may operate several PoPs in their
area to allow good access to the internet
NAP
An interchange between networks within the internet. It allows ISPs to interconnect with each other.
Internet
Protocol
.
IP
2

The protocol used to route packets of information across the internet.

An individual unit of data which is carried across a network, including the internet. It is made up of a
header which identifies the packet and a body which is the actual data message. It is one of the functions of
the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to organize an internet message into packets.

transmission
control
Protocol
TCP
The protocol which takes data from a users application program and passes it to the IP for transfer
across the internet. The reverse operation is performed at the destination computer, i.e. the TCP
reassembles the data (from individual packets) and forwards them to the users application program. The
close relation with the IP means that the terms are usually used in combination, i.e. TCP/IP.

File transfer
Protocol

FTP
A standard protocol which allows fi les to be transferred between two computers on a TCP-based
3

network. It is commonly used to download programs to your computer from other servers and to
upload web pages that you have created to the server that is hosting them on the internet.
internet
Service
Provider
ISP
Direct connection to the internet would be very costly and so ISPs provide a cost-effective
gateway for people and organizations to get onto the internet. In the UK there are many
ISPs, with some of the most popular ones being BT (British Telecom), Virgin Media and Sky.
iSP services
In addition to providing a gateway to the internet, ISPs normally provide additional services such as
email. Many also provide web space for the development of websites, technical support and
troubleshooting
Find the definition of the following:
Network

Add the definition below:

A group of computers which are connected together by communication channels and
which have the capability of sending and/or receiving information between them.

Protocol

Add the definition below:

Communications protocol is a set of rules which allows a computer system to connect with
4

a different system to transfer data.

Infrastructure

Lesson 2 Internet
Infrastructure
(Student Book B Pg 18-19)
Description
Server: A computer or program which runs purely to serve the needs
of other computers. It runs special server software to service the
requirements of the user (clients). There are several types of servers,
including file servers and printers servers on a local area network (LAN),
and web and email servers that manage communication with the
internet.
Client: - A computer which uses the services provided by the server.
Router: A piece of hardware that connects two or more networks. In
relation to the internet, data from the ISP is sent into the network and the
router then directs the data packets to the correct destinations. The
router also handles data travelling in the other direction. Routers can be
described as directors of traffic for the networks.
Connecting backbone:
The main connecting data routes between large networks on the internet
and smaller networks in local regions.

Using you artistic skills re-create the diagram on

page 18

Figure 1.7 internet infrastructure

What is meant by the term bandwidth?

A way of measuring how much data can be carried over a network.

What happens if there is insufficient bandwidth?

Insufficient bandwidth can result in websites & servers appearing to

run very slow.

Fill in the gaps below and be sure to make the correct ma

Connection
method

Description

Wireless

Used by wireless-enabled devices (computers,

mobiles, smartphones, etc.) to log in to the
internet. Wireless is exactly what it says; there are
no wires to connect.

Not fix
compu
where
wirele
acces

A wired connection to a broadband supplier.

Normally the connection is via a network card in
the computer. Cable users have an ethernet
connection from their computer to the network.

Broad
can gi
and a
dial-u

Dial-up

Broadband
.

.
. A wired connection via a conventional telephone
line, which needs a modem to convert signals to
and from analogue for transmission.

Match connection method

to the correct advantages &
disadvantages section draw
a line

Can u
circuit
some

Lesson 3 Worldwide Web 1

(Student Book B Pg 20-21)

How are webpages connected? What does a

hyperlink do?
Web pages are connected using hyperlinks. A hyperlink is a link that, when
clicked on, takes the website reader to
another web page on the
website or to a different website

What is a web server?

It is the job of a web server to deliver web pages to users computers.

Tim Berners-Lee developed the worldwide

web in 1991
- Find out another fact about him add it
below
He received a knighthood in 2004 from Queen
Elizabeth II.

What is HTML & why do we need it?

HTML is Hypertext markup language-A computer language used to create web pages.

What authoring software can be used to create HTML using

wizards
- Name the software below & then draw it

(draw in here)

(draw in here)

What are .htm and .html?

shade me in

shade me in

You will need to annotate the image below with explanations, use
as many keywords as you can within your explanations

Pairs
paragraph

Keywords
Opening tag End tag
HTML
HTML
element

Head tags
Formatting

Prepare two questions to challenge the class:

Question:

Answer:

Question:

Answer:

Lesson 4 Worldwide Web 2

(Student Book A Pg 22 - 23)

What does every web page have?

Web pages are searched for using a uniform resource
locator (URL) , which is a string of characters that identify
a particular web page on the internet. Every web page
has a unique URL.
What is a URL?
URL A unique string of
characters which makes up
a web pages address.
What does URL stand for?
Uniform Resources Locator

What is a search engine? How have you used a search

engine in the past?
Search engine A search and find system into which
you type what you are looking for and a series of best
match results will then be displayed.

How many search engines can you list below?

Google
Yahoo!
Dogpile
Bing
Mojeek
Lycos
What does a database search to find matching pages?
Answer with a full sentence
Search engines such as Google and Yahoo! allow you to
enter a description of what you are looking for and the
search engine will search its indexes (databases of web
pages) and find matching items . Search engines work by

retrieving information from the HTML of web pages and

storing this on an indexed database. An automated web
browser (which is known by different names including
crawler, spider and bot) is used to follow every link in a
website

How do search results appear in a search engine and

why?
Search results appear in ranking order, most relevant or
most popular first.

Using the image below explain how search engines work:

Once a word or phrase is typed into a search engine, it

searches its indexes. The results are listed in a ranking
order: Most relevant/popular first.
Read the statement below and re-write it in your own
unique way
An automated web browser known as a crawler, spider
and bot are used to follow every link in a website. Each
page is then analysed as its found and relevant data is
extracted and stored on the search engines index
database.
Your version: A crawler, spider and bot are automated
web browsers. They are used to follow every link in a
website. When each page is analyzed, relevant data is
extracted and stored on the search engines index

database.

Fill in the missing blanks below?

When you enter a word or short phrase as a query, the
search engine looks at its index and displays a list of the
best matches, together with a short extract from each
web page. With most general queries there will be many
hundreds or even thousands of matches, so the search
engines operate a ranking system for their indexes. The
ranking system is used to try to make the results of the
searches relevant. However, as search engines are
commercial businesses, other companies can pay money
to improve their positions in the ranking system.
Using the information above can you relate that to the
google search below?

Place your answer here:, it has been started for you

The phrase that has been entered is playstation 4.

Lesson 5 Email
(Student Book B Pg 24-26)

In relation to email what is meant by the term sender & recipient?

Sender- Somebody who sends the

email

Recipient The
person who
receives the email.

Within your email program you have an address book, what can
you create with it?

You can create a list of contacts.

What is an attachment and what can it contain?

When sending an email, you can attach something to it,

such as photos, documents or spreadsheets.
Why do you use CC (carbon copy) in an email?

You can copy in additional email recipients using this

field.
Email Example

Zoomed in

When would you use BCC?

You can copy in people to emails but hide their identity

and email address from other recipients.

What are the benefits of email? Draw a line of connection and fill
in any missing gaps
First word
Draw a line of
Benefit of email
connection
Speed
To multiple recipients.
cost

of delivery

instant

Unlike the conventional mail

system, there is no additional
cost to the standard broadband
charges.
Delivery on a global scale

delivery
Attachme
nts
Having

(e.g. documents and audio and

video files)
a record of the correspondence
between users
Webmail
Webmail providers (including
Hotmail and Gmail) tend to store
emails on a remote provider,
meaning that you can access
them anywhere via a web
browser
What are the drawbacks of email?

Privacy and security. People can hack into your

emails and read material which should not be
available. Some of that material may pose a risk to
your security, that of your employer or even that of
the nation.
Internet access. The fact that both sender and
recipients have to have email accounts can be a
problem. Some people do not have access to the
internet (or choose not to use it) so you cannot
assume that everyone has an email account.
Sometimes a lack of interactivity may be a problem.
In situations where an instant replay or interactive
discussion is needed, email does have limitations if

the participants are not online at the same time.

Below are some drawbacks of email try to remember them

Spam

Virus

Phishing scam

Email protocols
A separate system of protocols has been devised for use
purely by _ _ _ _ _

Protocol
Simple Mail
Transfer
Protocol

Email Protocols
(Fill in the missing gaps)
Acronym
Description
SMTP

The internet standard used for sending

messages across IP networks in server-to
server transfers. Also used by email
users to send a message to an email

server.
Post Office
Protocol 3

POP3

Used to retrieve emails from an email

server over a TCP/IP connection. This is
the most widely used email retrieval
protocol. Normally users download
emails to their local computer using
POP3, deleting them from the email
server.

Internet
Message
Access
Protocol

IMAP

This is the other popular email retrieval

protocol. Normally users work on the
emails as they reside on the email server
using IMAP and do not download them.

Describe the difference between the three email protocols SMTP,

POP3 and IMAP.

Awesome job on developing your knowledge of emails. Can you

now describe what email is and how its used? You should also talk
about the email protocols.

Lesson 6 - Data Exchange 1

(Student Book B Pg 27 - 29)

What does VoIP stand for?

Voice over internet protocol.

What does VoIP send over the internet?

VoIP is a group of internet protocols which provide a means of

sending voice and multimedia communication over the interne
rather than by public telephone networks.

What hardware is required to transmit & receive voice communication?

The software required to run a VoIP system consists mainly of

an encoding and decoding program, which is often called a
coder/decoder program (codec). This program is used, where
necessary, to digitize an analogue voice signal, then compress
it and split it into internet packets for transmission. It then
performs the reverse at the receiving end.
What about if you have a webcam what does that allow?

If you have a webcam that allows you to use one of the most
popular VoIP systems in use at present is Skype.
What software is required to run a VoIP system?

The software required to run a VoIP system

consists mainly of an encoding and decoding
program, which is often called a coder/decoder
program (codec).
What does the codec program do?

The codec program is used, where necessary,

to digitize an analogue voice signal, then
compress it and split it into internet packets fo
transmission. It then performs the reverse at
the receiving end.

VoIP can be run over smartphones whats one of the most common VoI
systems?

One of the most popular VoIP systems in use

at present is Skype.

What is a wireless netwrok?

Wireless networks are another means by which data can

be exchanged between a computer and a network,
including the internet. A wireless network is any network
servicing computers or other devices (e.g. mobile phones),
in which the connections do not use cables of any kind.
What wireless network have you used? Explain why you use it

I use Satellite network for my TV to watch TV.

What do all devices using the network require and why?

In wireless networking all devices using the network need

to have a wireless network interface card through which
they gain access to the network.
Wireless networks have many advantages probably the most
important is mobility; people are no longer tied to desks and wires.
So what does the word mobility mean?

The word mobility means having the

ability to move or be moved freely
and easily.
Mobility Scooter
For the next set of questions use the table on the next page
1. Which transmission method has the maximum range?

Satellite.
2. Whats the benefit of coaxia cable?

Fast and reliable.

3. Whats the range of UTP/STP?

100m
4. Whats the limitation of fibre optic?

Complex connection and termination equipment.

5. Give an example of how satelite is used:

Global communication systems.

6. Whats the maximum data transfer rate of coaxia?

1,000 Mbps (or more for Category 7 cable)

7 . write your own question & answer

26

Lesson 7 Data Exchange 2

(Student Book A Pg 30 - 31)

Simplex
Transmission

Half Duplex
Transmission

Full Duplex
Transmission

Sends data in one

direction only. A
radio broadcast is
a good example of
simplex
transmission.

Allows two-way
transmissions but the
devices dont transmit at
the same time. A system
being used to monitor and
control manufacturing
processes can use halfduplex transmissions. It will
send a message to the
control computer, which
will respond with new
settings, but they both
cannot send messages at
the same time. Some
network systems use halfduplex to maximise
bandwidth.

Allows two-way
communication at the same
time. The telephone
system, land or mobile, is
an example of a full duplex
system.

Draw a radio

Draw a Walky Talkie

Draw a mobile

What is a byte?
In computing and telecommunications, a byte is unit of digital
information which commonly consists of eight bits.

What is parallel transmission?

In parallel transmission, a number of bits
of data are transmitted simultaneously
over an equal number of wires/channels.
This allows the bits in a whole byte of
information to be transmitted together. It
has a short range, with an absolute
maximum of around 5 meters.

What is serial transmission?

Simultaneous means:
Occurring, operating, or
done at the same time.

In serial transmission, bits are transmitted one at a time over a single

wire/channel. This reduces the cost of the cable, but gives a slower rate
of data transfer. There is also some additional complexity, as bytes have
to be disassembled into individual bits for transmission and then
reassembled after receipt. Serial transmissions can be used over large
distances.

USB
What does USB stand for? Write the answer 3 times?
Universal Serial Bus
Universal Serial Bus
Universal Serial Bus
What type of transmission method is it?
Serial Transmission
What devices is USB used in nowadays?
Mobile telephones, memory sticks and mp3 players.

Whats the maximum transmission rate for USB 2.0?

480 Mbps

Bi-directional transmission
Did you know that Bi means
A combining form meaning twice,
two, used in the formation of
compound words: One example would
be bicycle as it has two wheels one
behind the other.
What is bi directional transmission essentially
about?
Transmitting in both directions.

Fill in the missing word?

Most recently the term has been applied to fibre optics.
Using the current technology, light passes in one direction
only, so you have to add extra fibres to the bundle to carry

a signal in the opposite direction.

Lesson 7 Data Exchange 2

(Continued)
(Student Book B Pg 31 - 32)

Client Side Processing

What is Client Side Processing?

Use of scripting language to create codes on web pages which

provides interactivity. The interaction takes place within the web
page and the code is downloaded to the users computer when
the web page is opened by the users browser.

Give an example of client side interaction?

Roll-over (mouseover) Some code is triggered when you move
over a particular part of a web page. This may be something likedisplays of an advert or data entry.

How does this image relate to client side

interaction?
Mouseover the white boxes to fill in your
data/details.
What are the benefits of clients side processing?

Speed- the interaction may be faster once the code has been
downloaded with the page.
-Security- It is more secure as all the action takes place in the
downloaded page and nothing comes from the browser, which
could cause corruption or security problems.

What are the disadvantages of clients side processing?

-It is browser specific- Not all scripts work the same way on all
browser, so you may have to create different versions depending
on the browsers used.
-Computer Speed- Affected by speed of you own computer. (slow)

Server Side Processing

What is Server Side Processing?

Involves the use of scripts which reside and are run on another
computer on the internet. Information is submitted to a server
which processes it to provide results in the form of a web page.

Give an example of server side interaction?

Submission of a search through a search engine. The search

engine matches the word or phrase against an index of website

content on the web server using scripts.

How does this image relate to server

side interaction?

What are the benefits of server side processing?

-Effecienmcy- Complex code m,ay run more effeiciently, as it
does not have to be downloaded to users computers.
-Browser independent- can be run on any browser.
-Speed- Perfomance is affected by the speed of the browser.

What are the disadvantages of server side processing?

-Security- Exchange of data over a network may present security
risks.
-Overloading- A server need to be able to cope with large
volumes of users.

Lesson 8 Data Storage 1

(Student Book B Pg 34 35)

Database structure
Fill the blanks

A database is a system for managing a collection of data. Data

about a particular type of thing for example, customers or
products is stored in a table. You can think of a table as a grid.
Every row in the table holds information about a single item; this
is also called a record. Every column holds information about a
property of the items in the table, such as a customers name or
an items price these properties are called fields.
What is every field in a database set up to hold?
A certain type of data.
Fill on the blank spaces and write some examples of data types in
the correct area
Data Type
Write some
examples
Text (also called characters or strings ):
Hasnain
sequences of letters, numbers and other
symbols.
Someones name would be a text field.
Number: represents a numerical value. A
products price or the number of items left
in stock would be stored as numbers. This
would enable you to produce a report
summing up the prices of all the products
you had sold, which wouldnt be possible if
they were stored as text

10:99

Date/Time

Short Date:
01/01/2015
Medium Date: 01Jan-15
Short Time: 18:21
Medium Time: 06:21
PM

Logical (also called Boolean or Yes/no):

represents a value that is either true or
false. For example, when a customer opens
an account with an online company, they
might be asked whether they are happy to

receive marketing material. Their answer

could be stored in a logical field (true if they
are happy to receive marketing information,
false if they are not).
Type this link in your browser for some examples of data
types

tinyurl.com/pvnofc4
Relationship between database tables
One of the benefits of a database
A benefit of databases is the ease with
which the information they hold can be
assessed.
A database has two types of keys what are they? Can you explain
both of them?

1. Fill in the missing blanks

The link using a foreign key is known as a relation
2. What can be built between different tables?
Any number of relationships.
There are different types of relationships they include:

One has been done for you:

One way
Two way
One to many
Many to one

Lesson 9 Data Storage 2

(Student Book B Pg 35-36)

Online databases
How are online databases accessed?
Using a network, including the internet.

How are online databases different to local databases?

They have a to be accessed and possibly updated,
by millions of users.

What is used to help users build online databases? Do you have to pay
Special database software.
Basic software is free but you will usually have to pay for upgrades.

Write below some examples of sophisticated software?

Keepandshare
Vectorwise
Microsoft office
Alnentis
365
Who is online data held by? What types of online databases are there?
A hosting service.

What does DBMS stand for?

Database Management System.
What is a DBMS?
Programs which allow you to create any
database that you need and to use the
databases you have created.

SIMS Database
What does a DBMS allows you to do?
Create, maintain, search and sort data on a database. Allows different
users to access the database at the same time and can provide differen
levels of access to the data.

What does SQL stand for?

Structured Query Language

What is SQL? How many parts are there?

A high level language which is used to undertake this management
activity. It is normally in two parts..

Fill in the missing blanks

SQL PART

Abbreviation

description

1. Data definition Language

(DDL):

Defines the database

structure

2. Data Manipulation
Language

(DML):

This is the part used to add

delete, change and query th
data which is held in the

database structure