Math 10 C: Notes Date: Unit 2: Factors and Products 3.1 Factors and Multiples of Whole Number Vocabulary: Factor, prime factors, prime factorization, greatest common factor, least common multiples of whole numbers Review: « Evenmumber 9,4) 6%)... has aas a factor * Odd mamber 4 57, Prime number Afactors 43,511, only has af © Composite number 1,6,8,4510: has Bormore factors What does it mean to faetor a number or algebraic expression? 4 to factor means to write AS a produc AY Yxb ayy = COG) ef . factors Prime factorization When a factor of a number has exactly two divisors, | and itself, the number is a prime number and its factors are called _) tim @ factors. Example 1: The factors of 24 are: 1, 2, 3,4,6,8) 12,24 The prime factors of 24 are: Q, 3 34 The prime factorization of 24s: Ay QxIQv3=2Y 3 4; ‘, ay \ a Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 1Example 2: Determine the factors of 350 and write the prime factorization of 350. JR Factors) 158) 5, 7,10 )14, a5, 95 50, 70,175,350 as 10 5 “S Sy 8 Prima Factorization Qy5x5x7= 9550 Ax5°x 7= 350 Example 3: Determine the factors of 195 and write the prime factorization of 195. 195 Factors * 1,8,5)!3,15, 39, 65) 19S 5 39 AN9 Prim Factoria@tion! 3x5a19 =/95 Greatest Common Factor: The greatest common factor (GCD) of two or more numbers is the greatest factor the numbers have in common. Example 1: Determine the greatest common factor of 15 and 40. Factors of 15: /, 3, @ 15 Prime factorization of 15: 36) Factors of 40: 1, 24,0), &; 10, a0, 40 Prime factorization of 40: 2x2%2»(5) Greatest Common Factor: x Example 2: Determine the greatest common factor of 45 and 330. ¥. : ae GCF = 3x5 A iN OR 33 2/5 @ a& Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 2Example 3: Determine the greatest common factor of 36, 90 and 150. 36 90 Igo dN, {yo 15 To Owos hs 6 OF BCF =2%3 =6 Least Common Multiple The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the least number that is divisible by each number. Example 1; Determine the least common multiple of 20 and 24, Multiples of 20: Prime factorization of 20 20,40, 60, 80,100, (20) aon fen | | | Multiples of 24: Prime fi flan of 24 24, 48,72, 9%, (20) ay layakeax3 Least common multiple: 120 Axx 5xax3 =/20 Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 3Example 2: Determine the least common multiple of 28, 42, and 63. Ag 42 63 JN NN A Aa é 7 a7 aca als 3) Cheek 45229 LOM = Q2XQx 7X IGX3 aT - wa =6 = REQ ag. aa-4 Example 3: What is the side length of the smallest square that could be tiled with rectangles that measure 8 cm by 36 cm? Assume the rectangles cannot be.cut. [| — | Dimensions must be LOM of Fand 36 36 x Be K KK , | *A AR Ly as 23 Agua hao | aide length et LOM = 2x 2x2 x3%3 FLCIne = 7a Summary © Prime Factorization © Greatest Common Factor © Least Common Multiple Assignment: Page 140 # 3, 4, 6 to 17, 22 Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 4Math 10C: Notes Date: Unit 2: Factors and Products 3.3 Common Factors Part A: Common Factors 48 74 From last class: IN IN 6a © Write the prime factorization of 48 and 72. : x x on 4 4 4 bb = AXARXAKZ = QXxZ a A dss 3 2 Ta = AXBXAKKA=QX3 State the greatest common factor of 48 and 72: 3 GCFA*8 =ay * Use the same process to determine the greatest common factor of two monomials: 64° and 9a7b 3 bak = ax3a3 G CF= 3a" ape a Gath = 3°a*b State the greatest common factor of each of the following 1. 8x"y and 10xy* 2. 25aband 10a? avy 5a 3. 4m'n®, 14n° and 20mn 4, —15xy?, —5x?y? and — 60x? y? an ~5xy" Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 5RULE: The greatest common factor of two simple monomials can be determined by inspection, by taking the GCF of any numerical coefficients and multiplying by each common variable to the lowest common exponent. Connection: use distributive property © Expand 6x(3x+4y) > (8x2 + aay © Now factor: 18x? +24xy GCF is bx = bx (3x +44) In each case complete the factoring: 1. 14x42ly= _ “7 (2x43) 2. 40 42x? +16x= AX (2x7 +x+8) 3, 24xy+21y? = 3y(_ BK + Ty ) 4, 25x° +15x? +5x= 5x(5x7+ By +_/ ) Factor each polynomial by removing the greatest common factor: 1. 4x428 = ¥(x+7) 2, 26x? =13xy = 13x (ax~4) 2 2 . 3. 8x red ) 4, 3x+17 Can not be factored = Bx (It 4y Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 65, 3x2y? —12x?y? +18x°y + 15ay? = Ixy (xy : Hey" bx +54) Part B: Binomial Common Factors 1. 3x(a—b)-2(a-b) = (a-b) (3x -a) acers (Q-4) 2. A(at6)+3246) = Coe ro) (Hy +3) 3. GH4yEDHKEED = Ceri) (3+4y +5) © (er) (ty) = (x+1) (4) (ary) # 4. 3x(y-7)+27-y) = 3x (4-7) a7 +4) -2(-74y -1# 7- ’ : = (y-1) (3x-2) 7712-1 Cry) = -1+4 Part C: 4 terms: Factor by Grouping 1. 4ab? +12a°b +3be+9ae 2. x =xyt4u-4y NO GCF OS . . groups = 4ab(b+x) + 3c (5+3e) K(xy) r (xy) and a = (x-y) et ¥) = (b +3) (Yab +30) check (b+3a) (Hab +c) = Yab? +3bc 4/2da*h +9ac Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page7+ GA=-aty 3 Sey Grayty! = 3x 4(y -2) ey Carry) * (y- 2) (3x7 +y) 4. 4x? +6xy+12y+8x = Q (ha, Jxyt by r¥ x] @cel — =2A\ xlax #34) + aG@y rx)| 7 A(axtay) (x ra) 5. axtbyt+bx+ay — reareange | Ax thx + by ray * xlatb) + y (bra) = (cr) (x +y) Atrbebra STATE THE RULES FOR FACTORING. © Greatest Common Factor - al uvouys do first 24+¢ecms ~- try J rouping AanhA 5. Keep Pact or ing if possitle & Assignment: Complete the Worksheet and Page 155 #5, 6, 8, 12, 14 to 16 Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 8WORKSHEET: 1. Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of the following sets of terms: a) 15x‘ and Sx’y b) -24xy and 8xy c) ax? and —be d) 18y*,-9y° and -27y? e) 2mR,-2axr and 2mxh 2. Factor the following polynomials, if possible, by removing a common factor. a) Sx+35 b) 4x+23 c) 14y-8y d) 6x? +24x e) 3x4 9xy+ xz 3. State the missing factor a) 3ar+3ay = (20+) b) x°-x7y = (272) ¢) 25ab-10ab? = (Sab)(?) d) 6x? —3x° -9x = (2)(2x-x? -3) e) 3xt— xy + 6x»? =(27)() 4. Factor, if possible. a) 8x?+32y? b) 10a+ 5a’ -25a* ©) Mabe —6ab + 8be d) -12x?y? +3xy? -15x°y ©) 9m? —6xy + 12my” Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 95. Factor, if possible. a) xt) +4(y+1) b) 3x(a+b)-y(a+b) ©) Ay(y+3)+(y +3) d) Sa(2x+1)+3(2x-1) e) 3y(x-5)-46-) 6. Factor by grouping, if possible, a) Sx+15y+mx+3my b) xy + 4x45y +20 ¢) 3ab-3ac +26? ~2be d) -Sy+3-6x+10xy e) 2x? +x2+ Oxy +3yz 7. Write an expression for the area of each shaded region in factored form. a) b) axty 2rty ax B Shaded = Area A-Areak Deea A+ Area ® Ae anc- tw bx (auey)+ 3xc(arcry) = ant (aw) - 2x(3y) Gx? + 3 xy + Ox 3x0 _ J 4 = W-3 “|Bx*+ Oxy ax{a iy R= 3x (5x +2y) Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 10Area + Area Re Led + e153) ~ Bax* +40xy he Sx(™@X+5y) Answers to Worksheet . a) Sx? b) 8xy i) e) 3x(1+3y+22) 3. a) 3a b) x-y a) 8(x? +4") b) Sa(2+a-Sa*) d) 3xy(—4xy + y? - 5x?) 5. a) (y+e+4) ‘b) (a+5)Gx-y) possible e) Gy+4)x-5) 6. a) (x+3(S+m) —-b) (y+ 4x45) ©) (Qx+z)0r+3y) 7. a) 3x(Sx+2y) bd) 2x(2xe—-3y) B d) (y-3)@x-1) Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 . a) 547) b) not possible ron B= wit rectangle -auak 2(q49d(3akdu)- (30a) =4 a towt baw +40. -3a- = Faw t4w? = Huy (dat w) 4d d) 9y? e) 2m ©) 27x-4y) — d) 6x44) d) 3x e) 3x? -xy+6y? ©) 26(12ac-3a+4e) €) 3xGm—2y + 42y") ©) (+34y+0) d) not c) Ga+2b)(b-c) Cc) 8x(5y+ mx) d) 4w(2a+w) Page 11Math 10 C: Notes Date: Unit 2: Factors and Products 3.5 Factoring Trinomials State the Rules for factoring: So Far | 1 Greatest Common Factor - ALWAYS Do Fiest} 2H terms ~ try grouping Land Q Factoring Trinomials of the form: x? +bx +c Investigate: Expand and simplify (x+3)(x+5) we Notice = 45x + 3H 1 3x5 =15 =? + Sx4+15 3B+5=8 Examples: Lx? 46x45 = (xt) (xt5) Check — —s Car (xt) Sum = F256 attr ete product Ix8=5 ter 2. x-Tx410 = (x-5) (x 2) B+ad=-7 —x—=10 Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 123. x7424x-52 = (x46) (x-a) ab = 24 4, x -Sxy-669" = (HX —//y) (x+by) B+he-o —x--6L 5. sty? 10xy-24 = Cry -1a) (xy +2) “Ah +h=-10 6. x44+7x74120 = WRG ete wrest = (te) (ee) _ *_=/Q 7. 2x 410x412 = 2 (KAT + 6) GCF isa = A(x ra)(A4+3) Atde5 x= 8. 3x"y+27ay+ 60y = 3 y (x2+9x+20) GCE i's 3y = y Cae *(xes) tr5=9 =20 —xX Assignment: Page 166 #4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13 to 21 ) Page 13 Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2Math 10C: Notes Date: Unit 2: Factors and Products 3.6 Factoring Trinomials Day 2 Rules for factoring: Lota = % (x+4) 1 Creat est Common Factor ALwAY TRY FURST 6 a 2, x +4xtayt4y 24 terms ~ try grouping Randa =X (Kr4) +4 (a4) © (ace) ler ¢ » 3, Sterms - sum and product 3. x +11x+10 aah $42 Lyleey = Cee) (xt10 Ixtbere SE? ale (xe) (er10) Gamaca) tne Factoring Trinomials of the form: ax? + bx +e Investigate: Expand: (x +3)(2x+1 Investigate: Expand: (. YG ep) 2 = Ax*4u+6x +3 }r6=7 = ly 2+ 7x +3 [xb =6 ax3 =6 anit Tx 3 use | and b to decompose Qu 2d cree +9 middle terms L(ax+/) +3 (axt!) Factor by gro“Pl7y CAx+ (xt 3 danda. Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Ps Booklet 2 Page 14Examples: Factor completely: 1. 4x7 +5x41 ay (yer) +1(4x +) = (Yar!) (xr) Hees —x— 74 check: (4x+1) (at1) = Yy?t ty eeel 2. 20x? -7x-6 B48 2-7 = Yh + Sxtl ~ —x_ = 7/20 = 20%" 15K 48K -b ~ 180 « petzo - — xb Oo = Sx (4-3) + ax -3) « x¥o = SKay = (4x -3) (5x +a) 6x20 3, 15x7 —Yops2y WF -/3 “15x "9 xy lox tle —*_= 30 = jx(Sx-4) 24 (5x ~4) * (5% -y) (ax-2y) 4, 8m’ +6m—-20 QCF=a =A (4m243m-10) Z+5=3 x =-40 7 [Ym %m-5m -10] FR [4m €m ra) sl mea)] = AC mea) (¥m-5) Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 155, 12x +28xy—24y" Ger=4 Heer} = u[3x24ny- any by") 4( 3x (+34) -ay (x+3y)1 4 (434) (Bx —- ay) 6. = +e +2 t+ b-7 —x—*b 3x0 < hx +2Q (3x ti) + 2+!) (32441) (x 242) State the Rules for Factoring: 1. Common Factor - FirST! 2 4 terms - group aand 2 33 terms - x%bere Sumand product (aray(ata) & thes — ¥— FC 4.3 terms - ax*ebere samand product Gxiavete Brash a "Ee ae favter by groups . Assignment: Page 177 #12 to 21 Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 16Math 10C: Notes Date: Unit 2: Factors and Products 3.8 Factoring Special Polynomials Review the Rules for factoring so far: 1, Tab? +28a° = Ja (b*+4a) common factor - £ rotl 2. 4x7 +20x+xy? +5y? = 4x(xes)tyr(x+5) = (a+5) (4x +43) 3, x? =19x+56 3 (8) (%-7) terms -group Sancta 1S athxere 4. 6x? +13x-5 bxtt Ibx-2x%-5 3x (2x45) -1laxt5) Caxrs)\(3x-!) Factoring Perfect Square Trinomials: Investigate: Expand: (x +5)? and (3x44)? (x45) (x5) Bx+4(3x+0 . 124 5x 45x +25 9124 Nae Hae Hb a 444 1#"a5 G24 Ate tle : 923 Jiat=4 Bx 4 KA= DH Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 17 (ath)*® = a?+2Qabrb*Remember to check Puddle Term £ Rule for Perfect Square Polynomials: a 0*+ dob rh? = (arb) Q Q°-20b +b? = (a-b) Examples: Factor Completely: 1 x +8x+16 = (x+y)? 2, x7 =20x+100 =(x-/0)* 3. 4x? +12x4+9= (Axe3) 4, 64x? -112x+49 = (Gx-7)* Je 5. 1418x+81x?=(/+9x)° 6. 18x? + 60x+50 =2(9n% 30x+a5) GCF 2 * (3x +5)* Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 18Factoring Two Terms: Difference of Squares: Investigate: Expand: («+ 5)(x—5) and (3x+4)(3x-4) WAS 2150 a5 9x7 = lax lax he 0-25 Gx? C€ath)(a-b)=arb? Rule for factoring two terms: arbre (arba-4) Examples: Factor completely: 1-16 = (x -¥) (x +¥) 2. 47-9 = (2x ~3) (Axr2) 3, 169a°-b? = (/3a -b) (/3a+6) 4. 25x7-100 = 25( 27-4) Gce! = 45(x acre) s. 100x?-4 = ¥ (25x2_)) Gerl = 45x -)\(sx+1) Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 19Factoring Rules: 1, Common Factor — do Sing 2, FourTerms ~ group atermsand aterms group 3. Three Terms x +bx+¢ (+O Ger) 4. Three Terms ax? +bx+e o yA=, Qu i+Oxr Ax +c ax =ar Factor by grouping Aanla 5. Three Terms — Perfect square trinomials 03+ dobtb® = (atby® a” -2ob th? = (a -byY 6. Two Terms — Difference of Squares Note! Aya a*-b*= (a-b)(a+b) Cannot Factor at+b* Assignment: Page 194 #1-3, 5-7, 9 to 13, 15, 18 to 21 Review: Worksheet and Pages 198 to 201 Unit 2; Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 20Math 10C: Worksheet Factoring Factor each of the following completely: 1 15rs+3s? 35(5r +5) 3, 4a(a~ 4) +3(a—4) (a= (4a+3) 5. xt44x?—12 G2 +0@*-2) 7. Sxy? = 30xy - 35x Sx(y? —6y—7) Sx- 70+) 9. 2x? + 4x -16 2G? +2x—8) = 2K + 4)(e-2) MI 6x? = 11x +4 Gr-9@x-1) 13, 16x? - 36y? (Gx? ~ 9y8) = 4(2x ~ 3y)(@e +3y) 15, 12x? -15x-18 3(4x* ~ Sx — 6) = 3(4x +3) -2) 17, 25x? +625 2522 +25) 19. 100x2y- 9y3 ‘y(100x? ~ 9y#) ‘(lox ~ 3y)(10x + 3y) 21, 12s? +465 +40 266s? +235 +20) 202s +5)(35+4) 23. 4d? +16d~8 M@ + 4d -2) 10, 12, 4, 16. 18, 20. 22. 24. 12k? — 9kl + 61? (4k? —3k1 +282) x4 9x42 e+ O45) 3x? — 21x + 36 3G? = Tx 412) = 3G 4-3) 3s? 435-90 3(5? +5 30) =3(6 + 6)(—5) Sx?+7x-6 Gx-DE+2) s? 40? (= 206 +20) 16a* —1 (4a? ~ 1)(4a® +1) = (40? + 12a 1)@a+1) Sxy — Sx + 20y 20 SQy-x+4y~4) Six —)+40=1)) 5Q-De+4) x6 49 @=-D@+7 25s? — 60s +36 Gs—6)! 12a* 3207 +5 (Ga? ~ 1)(2a?~ 5) 20-y-y? (4-NG+y)Math 10C: Worksheet Factoring Factor each of the following completely: 1 ASrs 43s? 2. 12k? — 9ki-+ 61? 3. 4a(a—4)+ 3(a—4) 4 4 OK+2 5. xt hax? 12 6 3x? ~ 21x 436 7. Sxy? — 30xy— 35x 8. 3s? +3s— 90 9. 2x? + 4x-16 10, Sx?-4+7x-6 M 6x?-11n+4 12, s?—48? 13, 16x?— 36y? 14, 16a*—1 15. 12x? -45x—18 16, Sxy—Sx-20y— 20 17, 25x? +625 18, x®—49 19. 100x?y— 9y4 20. 25s? - 60s +36 21. 12s? +4654 40 22, 12a*- 320° +5 23. 4d? 4+ 16¢-8 24. 20-y-y? Unit 2: Chapter 3: Factors and Products Booklet 2 Page 21