STRUGGLE IN THE COUNTRYSIDE Politics and Rural Labor in Chile, 1919-1973 by Brian Loveman Decor ‘Sues in Development, No 1 INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESSNien amy Fishery Woe nino Mi i ny aap iting eR Data Teng sen align vera nah Ge Sta chp cot Tie i “es Socpe Bros) CONTENTS sto Fe. Uo Tales: tna ae Foreword Pefatary Hoe ‘downs Invedacton no abbeins A Framer fr Ansys. Gupte? Gul 191919531 Ineo «ooo (haper 3 Tabor elation a Ra CGupter 7 The Akmandt Land Reform Guyer The Revoiion ibe nd Prep Raal Tan. nebee, 6(ptr 9 Unidad Foi the out ‘Chapter 10 rom Revolution in Liberty, me ‘ty Rae Btalogay Saas sas LIST OF FIGURES tule by Cpe, 001866. 2 Hurl Cewek iy Hs Cangreme, In. 45. Hurl Gwar by Non ira Ganges, 0.1968 LIST OF TABLES 1: Labor ipectae’ Monthly Report 2 Dibutin of Aalrl Popery 198. $1 Fon Complies to Labor Department, Iniei9 : 4 Lic eta Rage the Labor im Che 19821850 5, Dene Ral Unions, 1989 and 94 Gren Carwin te Comey, ‘esr 19ek 1. opertin Acted by GORA, 13621968 {Dats of Apieatral Uits Aes Mork nets a Labor Deparment Poel 1985 Lab estonia Gone 9681966 «ns 10, Run Unione Union ep December 1867. 1. Lg ace api i, {Ses 14, 1970 12. Expropeony, 1965 july 14, 1870 18, CampesinoGoopertive ith ep ous, 19651970 = 209 210 210 206 268 9 ms m"4. son Altiaion of Raral Worker, 19S eres 15, Approsimae Drbton of Land tnd Labor Agate, 19721... 16 Approimat Datos of Lan In Aglare, 1965 snd 1972. LIST OF MAPS 2 Gamal Ge cs aia 5. Ghent : Ge “The Lake Regia E 0 a6 FOREWORD ‘heen whee statement shot unimportant tpl a tint country. a comets to the tre foe [owledge abou rl motzaon a nd rer Chie “Thirvome aff imights ino ger tues of Lat ‘ean els and one typeof sting for efnts rara ‘tomo. ‘Gea otis soos in rr pat Key pat of porters pont ectvem nh cpl nip gree Tent towne and Chen inher seins na ‘nan uppeing that ete. The een dees, ‘ve icen ystems denhed nd anor by R Kast Inu nT Pots of Land Reform Cle 1950 1970 ‘The works hand addeslmot rd of entry (othe ‘rnd slg with aed eidence fhe een ps doe Steet taro poles mare bythe epson of ‘al labor and the peteson of mana ear stem ‘These of urement eof bam ‘ain ends isn excl nove The id etal of sch an ‘angen hve elom ben presented with the autory {amd nthe boc, Student of Gran gnermest ind ‘tery of atin American pic of nd efor and of ‘unr polizal eon nai developing em ‘ral Gd thins ale ce ry. Th emp ‘oor the compl pattem of rte pil hity. “The kana ret for the rene "Te ou neat namber of Studien Drelopment produced with he suppor a nda University tra ‘Sena Devlopment Resch Cnter-sppart made por ‘Sichys gone om the Ford Foundation, Fo the aoe tt wb ook ater the vec bing th ‘dy, daumetton isla om the Cater Sirgale ‘nthe Connie A Docent Soplemet. The i Pt ofthe evence presen th book: das an arty aici and mateo expla therural work fre inthe eve of pl sahil, fr a Sie ath ic sy age te rk ‘Wan Sit, Dee Intemational Development Research Center Indine Unienity PREFATORY NOTE ‘A cammn ante in Chie bt that ted nee compl hm the ton He fund that He ha te it of ames ner grt et operemo He rested Che Conta aE along naow sep of od extending rom he i Senter desert o angel Province (1°) othe col windy Pango pao Magaliony (6°) Cll ao ce Tene orton a the Arar verkory0°WSO°W)" Wid ‘irae etch at erage 100 eles with and oe ‘ere ener 250 aes rust wenn Soandary the Pe TincOntan tothe eter otro the Anes age Che ‘Metcalf eerythng exept os Nort he one of the ret plese wo and bot eof th fe wether stot which oan at (econo Suter Cerone o tea part South Amt “ate er een rom soweee ‘mona to dep ded cant Between hve wo {emer s nig Cathe enter of poplton cancetaton, ‘cone nt, ed mato pale de Chile contain {Seta cent wey sof dprenion between Ihe Ade teen an he otal mount age a the "Te vrcty of Chea nds, topopphy, and inate tay be Hate by coraring Ce wt the eed i of {ind ring rom thee of Bj afr to he Yukon i Alta The Cen “Gat Nor” or Nort Gale ‘hic inetd he porn of Tarspac and Ano e “Smpacs esee ore rent the Sars but hi op era nites Fa teat le nd then the cope Tins ne bec he pnp camer loci xchat ‘he rom ate ete cota unt te promt The tine wef he morte deer led ee} smal Froporton of Che's ppton to rogce a eel ae tthe nat nme prey eed ety MpSouth fhe Norte Grand the province Atacama, Co suit, apt of Aconeagu form te "te North” ‘Rote hn sus from the eer to steppes ad fh tele conta ale Te cont rein or mie he (Sides prof Aconoata Prone td extend oth Ruble Froince an the BoB River (ee Bap 2). Only along he Bo ‘Bo Rr at the eutheamect arta te ley rp docs" (oud int red alley extend al he way othe Pacle™ “Te steam aioe ta fom the Aner seen thea Sey run sar aright angler the ae These fe ew one End hag wewar om the bse fhe Ande enhy ‘Eatin ny ata onary ity cmon be eo valk hs x meee te with ial creas ing gual the nother anna der repo (Glguimbo to the sathern bundy of he ena te Bo ‘eer The ciate snd the ety the aly’ pro Viel onion orate rac ening a far ‘hrs at reper aon tpn cope tid netoc, With th advantage tare enon when Europe and North [Nes emer he nner ant he cena aly fers ile ‘Penal uc of foeg exchange hoop beeper of ‘Mpeg rt vepeten wine ry prod sod oer ‘perly cope Det ths poten or the developmen! of ‘ply pecand inten else, trogbout Ces Hie {ory the cna yh bes dominated by eae ‘nome ftp as (cent fd ened nee ‘De wien pucon vt sil bande lng whine ‘Slaton Inte te 19608 ony mir the acd ‘Sitpved em tate! pater of tation more ‘oder ara practices a abortion. The neal center of Comepcin andi por Taahane, wr ihe drwy ta the “ome” provinces of Arco, So bo, Mule, and Caution of te Blo Bi Rvs ‘Mp3 Th ein ake ame Co the hist ae ‘jd inte stp betwen he Spr vadere ad he “gona nn option The Bo Bo Rivet mae i of Span then Chea om wel nto th nie ‘eth cnr. nh genni ls on ‘loping lla lane te ads deed ofthe oe, estingrenin op Seenteep a nt Etsscsarrc)with amped ere withthe cage th compas {ae cing he wl oe Rm tact ac pan cot af teh anc SSHRC: detent we son Scnreangy Aled col pn oto te AogeTo het th decom dome Dat ‘high thy rn of he Be ‘cane ote rin epee rth oo ington thant cen en say fe Cle Ine weion hy wage that es Diode wc ocr ms a, tegen nd ah nth te ay ‘Stuthof te oni rein the province Valdis, Onn, snd Linge comme the Lake Region (ee Map te ‘ny ae a hard fore An extesin he oats ‘eon thse vies espera afl Vali ‘hes south inst much sna nao doe Te om, Wasngon (Val 1068 ches Taco, 40-4inchet ‘Scrmine inres toa he hirer and ete, ‘mtd fer ten he than Nath Armen.” fo Magnes the prey nbd Canal Repo er Map 8) InAyan and Magnes sep ranching on ees the pial “uprel setty. Cilaa na of ‘lade ened i pat caliation, ome eng, tn versed oben pclae Apiare and he Dian of Acura Pojerty Wore exepins nati in te foner rei and Clots aed nC rr to 964 wr hye ‘tate nelly sal utero lang rater a 1962 ‘in Semberg atta the onentain of ndovnee ‘ipl Cer among he highs te werd In 190844 Pent of knoe omnel spprosiely £09 pret of "fe tot frm and 7.7 perce thea ind 815 Percent ofthe arable ad and 43. pert of te ried [ind According tothe pelt enna of 196465 es ‘rev ot Stepan cpha 7,00 er fout otal 255582) contained ap pronnately 73 poset of al teas Undine" ‘ong estes pleyundruied ood frm and ad lec hige monte aiited nd i eter pester: Pom 1945 ard Chkan pet prodacn failed to Ke pce wi doen popeltion we thn becoming ag Eicandel estoy. "Atte oter oo he spc, some 150.000 fms with tes th 1 het hl fe ha al thea he ‘runy) conte oly 2 pros of Ce’ ager ln!" ‘Tieden of te cut unt smallmmber of ge ‘Sher and he suber of eben ethan bie ‘Shep often chanced an he oni mand ‘Somple Ths per dominated he Chilean countryside ‘Grougout he inch and esi emai. Te {ial mpc of i typeof und tenure perm ‘ipl heme tere at low Ain ime hs tay wat cid at, Che was vie int ‘ey fn vines proses of neal anion Lc prince waded bya eden spite eciy ‘phe present ofthe Repu The 1925 cman ao odd Yr provincia sembl,bt tee ete neve ost {ied The htcndente wn te det epsenae oF ere etn exc province ad ae eh the oma pers Sa. pile works nd pov of tc tal pete Each province an tarn de no rpartent the de partes to subdlepton, andthe mbdlepatons in ‘Slain deren eben bya geberneer tamed by the pent ofthe Repo the recommendation fhe ie ofthe pre me cat re i otcent ih the appeal a be presen. The ‘mar ech department painted ble the *em nein a aed pec et ‘ah dict and cold move them upon par report tbe ‘Pheraor that ied ach clon ‘ach uhleption thet conepande ol the vin the comune Thee sdiniraton of ‘commune nese instil ene ected by te‘ostitents Teena dtd mayor rom among tem ‘es exept nee of ner 10,00, hee oe maple ‘pointed by the reso he Repub snd ema {erhissenie Tho “es german ad een me rend den bay nh oc ACKNOWLEDGMENTS “The seach wich mae thi sed poste wat fanced by the Foca Aen Fellowship gra In adn oc Ippors EARP Michael Posi provid waa ice {onl pena ncurgement for which ae gat, A ‘Movlsow Wk Deron Feowsip ap ew fom Indians Unive Inenatoal Deretpment Rese Ca ‘Spied grag fe pra ome 7 Wien Chie beni fromthe ination nd nti onl ppt troup of Chilean sel a TCIRA Special thanks et goto Logue Asteg, he mana Seto of {Cana we id my crc gue ported my tors to do wm many wed consider pocal tena recarc ‘Show diet momenta Ce. usa Gros Cala eed me ‘ivan engin resuch poet hen Led in Chile tad ‘og oe pst dah TRA and ea oii To intam eqecalygatfl Ilo beneited from dco ‘iy research wis Hugh Zeeman, Sele Gomes, Rafal ‘uo sd rst Kay Tao othe Chon scholar, Aline Affonso the senor ator fhe mont mpertant sto terra abo ‘ovement i Ge pet watched my sty eeop, mae ‘igerone when hey were ed for onawered te mame {eto I poe, snd peer allowed me acs othe ‘Syedns om hi own say. Ih noperton and enourge ‘Sen made my aay a Che that mach ore poste "Toe Arran shoi i Chis proved able i tance Maron ron the Univer of Waconia Land Te- ‘reenter nc cl contd nll tilt at ‘Sl made rau ome tito por fx of he etd work ain Ch Ths apport wa een more ‘rene allowed et doting in undo and wet ‘enor where Mii’ owe eee tm late t=‘derstand uncommon ani ope it women Petia repy Man's enero "that he spor af Slan Bacough hi say cult satis bee rte ot for Rarngh phate ‘remot exert on Clean agar: A intranaldee™ toro ICRA he welcomed won il in Sng nd Stn ine npr yaar nh {eo bury to anewer my quanto me about my ceeareh, Sto ip me un ccs to tril core important faethe ad. fener Maral halo rea and cm ‘ented on mat ofthe capes of uy. While edocs’. ‘Sore some of the vew expe hte havea oppor ‘real “he promt inthe Chilean Labor Deparment nd ee ily tthe Labor Archive na ony pereited eo dot ‘nue rev the mater inthe ei, yoo ‘Sted men every pol wy fr which lb oreer {Fuca Spec sans mr go omy tender Sure Gementina Gey, Mawel Ava an Edoardo Madan ‘They mot nani me ny rere but ab stem teeny bey ser the chily eee wr the wea rterirwere Noe, Than he wast be pe Jaan Gon ‘lve, who tpt me mack about the Ca Labor Depart ‘esand lowed new tine the eof te Jta (Cnc Ans dring 1971. Ply word of pre for a wo pate cooked ors rigs when satis ‘Ast wot th sty, ProfeasAlied Diamant ia Tk, Vincent Ostomy and Jame Sebi tea ewe the Pans and mae mpgetins or revion Pip Stet ‘Wits ti, and Deo Sith rea and commented os Indiv caper Jan Ht ed with be rears tan of te pp ry Zl d' pely ppeced jb tevin te ori! lnghy menus. co, the mer: erat he Worthen Fle! Tene and Paley Anya se epuredbe mamarit ‘Mare ico the otras Devens Reach ene, Indiana Unie, provided valle amistne and ‘Sport props he mtr for publation. wold ao aot Raven Gig fr cel sympa eiing the mame ‘ally hak o Sharon, who ted my proseand pp ih my tem oua-day ine awh docments ithe Gilet Labo Archie vie hve ha ch ep nary ou hist thse topline bean ogy fhe remain sy ‘ie other inate ramos fom Spanish 0 gh te my oomINTRODUCTION ‘The “and quion”o agar quent,” hasbeen a eri {ent arte of Geen nto passin te end of ‘Wedd War gon tered penta pe of ‘onal pal ei Ths ware ne in Chon many ‘the pit communstn, bens the steno a rp ty and ura propitrip conte impart ene ‘nthe exiting patel nde at in Che chlnges the sy San clmatyeaeigeeerni chaps Be or Soe? ‘ns ofthe lean poliy-a pti ten whose ih ‘outed abit ad nga ral mocacy depended re ‘istenance yon the dominance a the ner re a ‘Sate overhear fore "rom he ne fhe Spanish congue ofthe etry a Che, ual proprecrhipentaed extensive auton abr ‘hair re the ecm ey wa a Ine he expan of nda borin the nerd ‘tur enerur by commending” the cre sed potion tthe nant ns degated terior to ore puis ‘er Una the tacos nt et pops 145-149, the mere played important vole he ing the itech ey thn he encomend La ‘tly acl ovement fc (he edd) and he gets the ron (prernon) conceded merce tsetle sje {© toyal onfmaton, ut the Spano mah son moretw atmpt to pote th Indian fom te congue ‘Soman by ring the bry of te eae got ‘mln nd on me ar nit er a ebigpesay arene eng, esto date ay ‘en enn wt toe nt ee Sieh alginic Dug the remainer of he onl perlite pes of rwl properties wer inrouc Inaing the pertinent, rede de rtanci, comune depo, ok copentions. ‘pvr eens he ow lo coe ff tnd ae even: Te diferent propery types ene! vying tere of utr in nial to ome eae a ‘ate For exump tery confer igen te ‘anc cameo cade he ih outs wma te ‘crate tt enced woe of nd” Te ag of dma alowed seueon of propery gs (repida)i ‘senntnns cent oan xing merce ‘Dope the aty of rope pes bc dy by Bonde and Glngora ofthe Vale of Pung andthe sy by atl ‘Braona tao the Vly of ataene”eonclae at he rest nyo ge ttn hacer fonds) that Sm {ted te Chilean rrl sector om teenth entry 0 ‘ward rgd nthe ered ag ne meede ee ‘tide orginal oles af encominda pans, At the Depaing he vente cetary ge amount othe et se ‘lind hd andy ben anne in ele few oa. “he gee served tape “er” fo exten ie ny gene pay, to ice some bisdowners tne to eat poduto, paral are ‘pone to the demands ofthe Peron mare Beebe west Proce reed more ber ash he exten ack mernopuerion + xsi prion, the sae omnes ove oar sree bor fers y offering renal rstemor de ore) Ray eee te evelopment of the aida stem the eihten etry seer Dest ene mat pparnen epecy fore ieee as rma wiem e ‘tit a tpn ml sy actonn e ‘ye ets ep ou pean ty ‘Serene mart ee ou ‘Settembre oe spy ee “yh et yen kn he 7 or nd ee scene utes el ‘a popetion ince within the ed the taping potion of the workers rode, Dig teat pat thee teenth entry x commctaon of mony and kind ren fo Soren bep™ The dual epacment ofthe peo by ke erro haben ced ar the ori of he Cleat ye of ‘oun, an sangeet whereby een worker xchange ‘trying oun of hor for ace Yo productive land and ‘ther pute)? As poplin atin to nr be term of ngulinge detente othe ddan he ua srk, Todt end ofthe ghcenth etry the ate {ners begn to demand edn olgad "compulory weer") pa ofthe ena ent Dang the eee entary he Ello ws eget provide on or mre workers tthe ‘ntend ora pied numberof ay, opening ape the nut one and ther pergister nope Some inglins pid workers operorm the bor ee, where {poor Inulior tat ember of he fae o perme ‘eiborthmaces nebo the ced fame ‘cepy the pen porn ne eed comma can ‘ned within prt ral nae By th being a the ncn ear, when nde see parted th punish cles rom the Spa cw, them cso hcenados ot ly oma te countyside but onsets polarity with whan reidence Tebow he incest ent the soy of he (Sean nde sretoccy fo or new elements reed ‘hermit ar ling de! The pater of comand ‘lopment in Chile was ch hat the agra oil race atheros he tne he torrents Chandan) at char ware largely tc” The hacen oe aed {lean Chilean nto oles well nts the tenth cen ‘ary. oper mural aad prod te foundation formal Plc pows, ae ational plc per, intr awed. The owner of re eater rte! he ral popetir d thes pti domination af the al popalaon ‘he run is ofthe aristocracy’ pola power pessialy ‘maeland efor poinent mene a fer Word War [Repeteay the ncndas mae minal oncentons to mde lat and Nari plc partes ran ren pop and ior unio rer to practi ld onthe eo ‘Betwen 1980 and 196 cnptng teres sd ses pe ‘coed by pole purty, woke rations ed are ‘tic enteprenar ged away athe peg snd power ‘tthe cena, Tos eat exten, howe the tadejing Stability f te Chiean pelle fo 1992 nl 1964 ‘temmediom the ayo he asst prevent ane ‘ental asfrmations inthe ountyde They secomped 5 eh ncn ein ate ang Industaltation sd ecco poly echangs arnt ‘enon ofthe ate te com spit eee ‘Ederand pra, ut hen nde eon a the em of the “agement” wee alexi. Land mer ran nce poi rss becca a = inte the natn fhe mpc gan tha ped Ce el ty ul bre mpc) nes eo pin recent an perscy eed te ela ener Ar IaH te or wale ‘sappeneand tr 168 the the teen poser “the iting tem of propery nl adv Sexe 2By the end 173 the ac se i ad ben dr ‘rye, ond the uo of he ore we he ele meaning property in rr dh ss rae {ere The ede of he aly coup that sted Prec ‘Sudo Allende September 197 soght tal to eee {he deposed eine’ chon fe agratin quran, batik ‘odin immedi} rengnle the sontnediiiance of ‘heogrrianqueon tr Chee poste. ois nd Popes Ral Land opr in rand of oun bt apa of ewer op ey qtem hat xs nay plea communy. Hotrealy, ‘Sotcierropey relate ctl meeps Garage eas Fpeterey eae enteric rte ‘ten he SovetUnom, Meso, nd Chinn Thar bere ee ince dco of te los roy de ‘ely wh he pots mening of propery tra nd and nate on repr ene reno th standin of police oar ey efector {aly ome haman beng ve heh of ees Taste gts accents pen Se mialedcrecieeentnsten Raksalpowe my ‘Siem merous es Ar imporan oe of polc orice cating ein ne ma ena aed [SySet ir igre ard se {il power drs in prt nine a:b or ro ‘scibe sacle Where tice re fow rs aheraties {Slintned faction nd ception ops col Ser thinreruts en etemios he wero, ay Set come md ving onion thr popsnion* tho pede rt ttn ofan cde Ikeda inde was wre artes ‘eonme cea pein es Wiest pg lr, {Seapine babes cnt ae {cement al nan comand onion, and Reform, Arian Reform and he Folie Meaning ‘trope nara Land and refed mre edly again fase sy Bough afr meauts ope he anos of al(umes and rar workers Ines, nd reform often a a ‘deol bth, Unsctred by docemented idee or cea ‘eft orb dcr eres, ba speed neal ‘ery etch of oi pe peared rte Tid Worle Se ante cena.” Yes, thre no ae pare {ce that an form or pari ref seer Igoe he ing condo fal borne poll Power, sires ete np em pope forthe apealaral econoy Tent aadegrie whens Stal lage: hop pe ‘ol and eemonicsteraties Nay of thee erates, ‘Sip ra nb rec er itn tr ft {Soy any edt pred nto er opel come splice pt comma ih hye nr Wie wring and dco pcan hansen te ‘he em tnd cor and tan efor interchange, Inthe present ook nd tor eer to eefinon ave ‘ution of pet nulla, Aarne, we ‘iy incder uel dorm rele i orermental poes {Bataler sepia meaning of propery nual nd, The ‘est af governmental nga em, her aces de ies impeovenet inte ing and working conta sf ‘herr ppl andar en nee oth oar pro ‘item and peau, depends hel upon he extent nd ‘gay of maton, eninatin, nl tecia anaes ‘Shatin of th rn! lib foe Anayly pone ‘Seng betwen goverment ad dagen fre sd nongovernmental ageran cane. In practice, bower, n> ‘lenenaion or sepneration of gnenmentlaaian [otra apes upon he nll ad economic one he anor offre emong contending canes and eres oape thn the pad the le of albert gain {orm proce Forth reson, nals of agrarian erm ns {ak ino acount he nongnemmental nner wel the euros goermnent Get of aguas tore pal Sevan objects ‘aepatn i tt cle at fim mary het pli mesg of property in alan without tenting! aor Depending upon he conten and ‘tre of einai of popiry ater and he type ok production on exalted inthe country by Ind efor, rr velo may provide elective pital poet fr wa oc or itmay ieee abugton The uteome is = ‘pec depend oon thereon absent he ‘Roper between tem and urban erent and op or ment poly nthe eouniae When the onal ral proprio asec by op plemented wih new fre of rps the extreme, fl tenton performed by pein ropetors mas be cad ‘ut bythe ew propos: Te kag eng popes {a acor and port mrt ace not stomatal afr {9.0 popetay nee Indeed, dona res oe fatter np re od tel ees wel a som eymheting han nay nat erat mover ee ‘ror trtpens of aioli Hotty of phate opt [Eo norton npopitaryacangemet, wich my be teenar dec ten ther ove intr ean ea apo fan cc tothe operton of new type of al pop ‘hp tore sub for tad vnr pe terlinpat ced chet anced mhing eel ‘cot ase whether fom gverment om the met, ‘Rcioratin in rogction may make the ne propel ‘one of ater thn mprove thst. Sil are Imenagement i ming hl ents pat te existing ‘pen reper or ar nat proved thrugheteson Propane cconomicndn may ncopany rer hci 0 gp ieson| Zeist new epic nial dependence pore ‘mental pence a goneranental pry evident. i Fendnct int mated by te loge fete conta by {he new proper over goverment ver ogo and deren the ependany tinal tahoe rea {pe merely ted om the priate the goverment ‘here In eter ve heres gurantee of benvelence Ik her forne prgreary argument o compet th oer (ype of exarrien msed rr cco oo Sfend ‘her ntrs ri germ peers pte at ‘ler apt enterprise, he devclopment of pain ee ‘onl eng natn to ar managenen and cs (Sls rena the new em Opt ohoom cinta opty the ‘ernment burs o espa eteprecie il pone thir pores and authority upon the new pope Wee ‘he cptalst aerate prodded eaeeaton f buen "rat oppress or pri opens ae lor ne thee eaplted.Ony apr orm wc cde: pt ‘story, eltinlyatonon eo a iber may fo {ide the na forthe pata Worn of the rr! wo nc ‘his Merton not be towed Only by deeapng a in sepeadent pla aad, been elton gl onder {nd the requiste pola erminain snd orion Stent, em al hbo tn other aw proper mals ‘bye ian stacy ono end ‘Agri fom, He any reform pot tat ube {ect 1 the vice of he ongsing pole proce Ica be ‘done, compte, ot detour. Agar lors my be pt hing mille effor to dpc ater ‘eyo effet toes = new sop rf «pci ‘hn progam to cont soil blah st onmin ‘The quton for rua ber emsna he same: Wh power octave determing the ema upn whch abo sol nd ed and the mater swe som pee ‘roduc inthe countrys and the bed pelea oma ‘yi tuted? Une agrarn velo ene the dol. ‘nent of eel atom ol apty by ral ere oe wi ak he compen hs prtrne net fa ‘Genta potcalqunion For aaron fare to benefit ual abr del the eto andrea pop ‘ry inal and mt provide ra ares ie effective ‘cionmabing aptly in he ral epee dn ove ‘etal polymsking tha fe he nel ect “Tio feet onthe pola rcv and scl foes ‘hat utormed the ttn sytem of propery rl [in inte om 1919 ut the ery Cop of 1973. sho ‘amines the redtnn und easton of propery ‘allan and the expanding act parton of rel 5 Gian pti Sorting with sewed for he alas sf the pltial mening of propery nr a he book "races the foes wee othe aration he pope sty en tt ets pee tg py Sreghisa coee ng cam pat ‘Socio comentinal dest rol Cy he toe ‘Sr si Cen emmys btn 108d 1979 cae ‘tdentood waht cence oh mg glo ane yeh prin bor nie Seman winnie orLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Noe pas Acc Cates Raa (toc Rr Aeon) ‘Asoicbe Nacional de Oonizacions Cape ‘ean A Pe Or ‘Accin Sind China (ie Sit c- on). Com Frerearicen de Deel Agro {GnterAreran Commie or Acts Development| fn ara mpm an Corpo de Foret dee rouccon (Gian Devpmen Corporations gore ‘mental gency) =e oporcin de Reforma Agari (hiean ‘Again Reform Corporation goverment som) ‘Cnfeeracisn de Dajan de Chie (Ch ‘a Conferton of Worker) ona ie de Trabjdore de Chie (be ‘att iperan worker cele 1953, ting he communi ad soi ans of (he CFE, whch dnppene) Empr de Comercio Apicole (ask! ‘Tae Agency govern sn) "ood and Agr Organon, ied Ni. ton Feri Nena mpi an dein nda Nacional de PradesFoci rr gto) f28 Arca (Nationa inal Federsion of ‘tral Workers) ‘Fedcién Obes de Chil (Cen Feertion ctvorten Frode Aen Popa (Per Aeon Fron) roti de Capacities Re forma daar (Again Rae ining tnd ‘Rosacea UN Clean pvt etl ages) Ina de cin Rare (ita for Rae ‘alberto Instat de Desaral Agrepecai oie or ‘Apical Deeopment fremont cy) Movie Compe Independiente nde ‘pene! Pesan Movemes) Ongena tera! da aby (Ine Cor orp) Saco de Foment Fabri (ane! Mutu. ‘aren Sasey) Sect Nacional de Arutare (atonal ‘Agel Society) nin de opens Cristiens(Oritinn Pe ‘ts lon) 1 The Political Meaning of Property in Rural LandI A Framework for Analysis ‘recreations between propery sytem aed plier taken or ranted by Mars ann ari ser ake {in Site nd Reward tht only when he Sine ference betwee mento of acy ae retin tothe soc meno ruc no rate property ‘pa freedom! ion Fim Cpt md Fre ‘Er, nes hat wines caption compete make conomy with wine penate propery othe eae otactca~innote raf coin er potted een, [isa mcemary conden? Cay the author have ern concept of edo, thy both copie ropety systems any determin the dt thoy aod power in man commie Coane repeat eal unde er cing pot {Sinments Where change property stern eden ‘we camendomly suet fomm tevduon'™ “Te agaran Queso" whee a Chl the vs of ttn Ane, pols with rae economy cat cena ‘nity tonal economia nimatror intel Hed {© the broader reahip einen property. propery a7 fen nd poli. ded al proper pol {SI power hase been so ney interred htaialy at ul Word War odor eon! atonal and repo everomental aay wan tke or pamed in mh of open wel ata Amin er eto the ‘hid Won Ba what do we meant property in ual nd or propery smectite‘elenfrc. Tes ine maybe defined by tao by ‘rls or tommy Such noel ci aoe the proprietor o conta ee bean of te ese wih reper tothe bjt ot eet ied property To ‘nd dona hath, rhe athrdatinfo contol ‘ee thereon by wt pry inthe eve meting af pee property Fa oe ee [ope cant be defined exept by dfn al teens ‘ich nin andthe comma ae at ry arse (ued to door no to do with erence wo the ec died poner The peice of open in ral and, MAM Keb ‘mh ni haar: ei reais at ‘orga ih ea ae ‘oS ea tonto es poy se seme tir dm nae tn he ‘Senora? | — ‘rope inal nd cot of bun dams of ary ingncope and dma whch ae sre teense oy ‘nr to the core cob ofthe maton ae, ol go ‘fame, o eateries fr pole te me forces The tctare an content fete di se Simataeosy determin of the um andon she untied rodeo the rage which habe waged ‘any ine betwen those needy the ttn ot pap ‘ty ight ad ose exci’ or etely daunted With the exept of eaxtomary aragenento tons patter of an tener the ure property In ld Sattoy bw tht pecies ban igh od sbligtone hich compre te eal defiton of nove and po ctr The content of th nde ied ope ‘Sons rbot to rat wart. may somey exten atta sth ove veer poplin, ume [Biden ornone a all Alo, my nade ator ion ound lan eof ied al pend te omy eit and toma” Property irr! that propery gene, comeye echionmaking autor, Reson of ths bse eon ‘hip mes owner per ts mac nortan onc a Plea analy tan the ditbation sporty cen lation othe factor of podaran ta the sr te ‘ater much ew who te ne ep or nen who ‘ste authority to dee how these ears may yee nth sense is importat wo concep ra libres lao a an el formal spe f sy apn tm hich ‘rate the economia ima fashions Wh espe {othe dsm of kbar oto the manne of employing the ftom of ep nd ib on tend, here simply M0 Toga or eee nage betwen he type a meri he stato tagcat ston ype ms Joven Sane emety efi my ert ecto “Henitaepater of rcin, technology and bor ‘organ by apn ta qe or empl ay, ot dct ern. deine the satan omen oon ke “pate property” oF "aca property prone obs reaming he el ioship between property Hats andthe ober varie that “omen of th mea fp. content nd itera debian of propery storey mat cea Pe flloing cons fhe hap presenta analytic framework ain prt onthe cance propery pete ‘Some meat centers the pote eating pop ‘gy tv nd hh enconpunes (1) the preropee of ‘Sede propio of be preoptvero po- ‘tor the kage among ara propetan (3) he Enis seongraal poet tan interest and atonal or ‘exon rere (the Ege among ara ‘Sa ang gn er wer “The Prerpue f nda rprictors a tig ey pet ln ptr to dtr ht politcal mein of property aeceay tos fle [esos about he pepe of ivi prpstor: ‘that an he propor gly doth the pa re sosret ve hich ke dan Coir rei Wt eh ‘Geren dn the proper hen making dens boat doo of aeontin and transfer ofthe prerogatives of props tein Wht we the pl constants that mh ent th. ‘pet sppropaion a he coo spa geese a (trespliadon ort and? Tend we ay be net once systems ch at a inet and aii. tery imposed lal te pbs ‘sy pay eit rp zone mim nd ‘city, condos of fre explana Inter contort hve may ext no eternal cont "hewn nd mangement econ acuing imesimen acy moder of praucon, and bor management os, Iiy be jes tof etre, eley ets ee ‘Ett, or tomo extemal const whats. a he ame fuhon sioaton of property gts ay be scampi ty ad complet ny pr mot Dota al-at ‘Ete (Frexampl the Mesien fe), "The range f pane propa teen ue lage Wate the forms of propetoip-ndn, fai ‘cape, copa cece, pao othehetetipeceror teat pte matecpeecttseeey Sounacmcaeenias TER sae eraettonrae onto te soviet carina Steen, Cinco cenmareema, iieeeeetecn Saree See =a, Sates emenees Sissies. Gemstone eae sinc aetr Saeco Supwaceeeite Sees ‘Svat ae ofthe abr markt sd the ima acne Ee yiencostoecerte ay seam, fio aeeae SraS eres Sees Zoe Se oetaeereeee Soa Sypepetoer ee ores Soe Sansa irae ae Soe feria Se eacpaieatieeaeel (8) What xc lop and cetomary rere e ‘ered by lndownon or elas! of landowner In may ‘Snore stuson creme Indl he ee he as fora er nite eto ancien hae cesta \weean peak of esenion of he neem Soto of propery ign saa ad. kewl property maybe ‘key tcc in ovrmental snd pte rode nd ent {nut nonropctors Gracia aia ma ‘cing einer, te, expr ue, quay an oe ton pe read, rg and rian work thee and ny ter ood abd nce maybe produced, tiated, ‘hd pce om ms oer to landowners aa cies of Iindwne hy foci on evry of prevogues anand in any specie propesysrom i become eto del withthe eo ion of parte set of property site extn, eordan eben of efi, Whenever the ‘Sodom gl ir of he an ae een ete i propery igh fae ben dininaed Uartomry oe [Estdedon over pers deed fom owner fn (reed or dared sope or amin hen he pele ‘eiing property has ne Pinal i eel or cu ‘my lps andownes toward labor ee ‘senor aor ever wh lol econ sing ‘pie th emer to ld and aor esos then the ‘ah ofthe onal omer re conte tothe exten hat ‘re who inthe at wee nonpropseton seq propery eons “The Diaibtin of Mopeny a Ral Lan ‘he pola meaning of popery in ral ln driver not nye he ule ight Sn atomary preoaves of inital propre bt se tom the atburon of rope ‘toni sons ini nar community. aon tothenvtntine coment of pops ik aeenay to ‘amine elec eocmtnn of peal f proper Shp wth reget bth to quantity and quay a pet Ce nd cont fh a “lad i elatey aban and acces gh ot ae sitited mow ors equal within x commrity we ‘ea mean to antl bear of aman big ‘tery goat Uke wh cooumsino cnt pee the ‘Ses tra ee my be met witht mating tthe ‘pnd of other landowner: Condon employes vil12 + srrucous wm tux counraysine tend tobe relatey more fiver Farther, "igi of landomoer: (or example nue tsp bor) cetera pe Tm fc however land ar pyc soe (nd epeily sca in) ener ute ned te property rk [Snot vay date. As propery trl and be mes steel tbat, ont ver nnd econ ‘resin impatant ate poise power important eta ti emant he ee wether propretap reer in pit ower (dvd fib, epartos) rs pab- Te gwen smistator Tranter etn ihe, ‘ot propel to ato ater and of i sion fo plicit pli apa rom pate once wo goer oak Dapeng pene Conde ‘tpeopet) ihe renee the pub fy and thine Seed rrl bor bath anid ad lly at ‘rgmietionn, the uae om pratt publ popithiy ‘By ormay sot be fv he ral bo foe In say ‘Ge the qc ofthe exten of ance othe spe ‘St propstontip oman crcl cncentton afm exteme srt my pce mn! bor (wel sont fe eo te ‘onal poplin) na wtaton pest penne os ‘Shalt pate of pub lendomen "fc pei putin of he oper of oacntton of renntp of rr land Spends on te mbtnvecontet of ahs ented is ndownenip. The more exten the et ‘efitonoflndownentip, the mere pli powe scam ‘nied when papery Comer cones” tated But een fol the eco ow oe ow ‘Fem the bands finial owners roa np ‘ly oraligoply of landowner may lw proper ‘Shecens ahetarmrotetn: taped ad Praace shortage borin ars pts Ts ‘Secrecn vr fm al ote nl poate fom ‘thi earn pale leverage Forth ren, he ie {motion of afowneiip Wn ental vrei ang "he ott sructre of the county. Ws neem to examine the tibusin of props tary mtbr ina an asd ete pr fom, the quion of cmmerip. Theatre finer dtbuton ‘st propetry authors the proce sd gual of ‘etaguent td lavertent dene sd the prado eforane ofthe ral enter. Hist caletve Sere oc et nis ey Sie cetacean hye Setpondipespiesast tot toes ieee ae Saran rhe bor contrac Product at wh are ae {erm goverment juin wih des ih prvi trary of publ gods othe wor are, mas tema mumbo’ fests that pvt ene evry gprs, This nhs imple or the ppp and ‘ot tsn tbo of popitary aur etn Praacon unite irene dation of ch tony they produce rail ferent production wd vowel eteames or participant thn the concer nd for oe tel tnd epee yon ie Teisiporant to diy, however, hat dito ope ietonhp doesnot reer singly to phyalexpatation or Laide fo nd rcarnn, thr peat rpetr Demet of calectve ropes. Popstar ahor ‘ny roe oncom hora o clan wh rma ei fone of omnes. Snce the ope and domain of poptar ship ry (Uh here my cx lleret ype ‘opto nt tere ha) portant Tle mater atti of lad cengyines wil oe ‘Strtion of propretary sth, Wheldon may be coterminous with al thei of propre and over ‘ip, the scope and dain poetry shy ale ay ‘ary among pepieter Io the dstubuton of proptay Umthntyinerrd etor dees ot cence wh he ist Sem ernaie of ldowsers Tire poor erro tet hog al fms sbestenr plot, commana bling, aca ‘opener andseaety of ental rangement Aan ‘ser og autony Sa may Be made cooperates or pram ae fren rm these mae onal ‘rly production untae evident even wha hecenter of elaiely pe mix of andoling pope. onhip nay haves aety of ening ad he data ‘st proteary authori the ctor de no ena {nce wn the moun of lind“owaed™ by ech spe of Popitr-cren ming het propa ty tin ‘tatoo uniform. Wile dbuton fd py ‘Scimaorce among "one" may be coment ut Pant in lee the ration of propeetayatory ‘cots he nly dor he dato ‘tiesto i the al sector maybe minding ‘he Hake among Ra Poco Theil denon of tc pt emingo propery sand ete age omen el props Te County, died into ert property be oot, fecal inked tough elidombip meager iia comport, ad gern ropitans Ropers ‘may compet forint a ato iy ey a ‘Gikctey wi se probes, he nan foe fot {hs perp poling fomal ass emng el pepcton Sone proprio ay priate heaton we te re euts hem nsone han ope of IESEoGy ear an ly sn tcf, ‘indowners have He in common but the problem an ght froprietorhip, tut king opiztonal and oil it ‘es igh be ictal oe kein a popiay pec he bettered he pope te or she sac aes dled rau he reroues 0 popitomip. {Wand when a canoe and tecoolge lente ecu ang er pops esr ore Ac {Stand ea orgaons, ec perhaps to defend Pate propo isl hhc en eget nd hazonia ages amy oc se th hc fl ropa oe of booger apetundpactey, ese pot. ‘ellis pute rr abr fresh ary ot ‘china heatned by agra pecan, eh ‘Sopa nracn govenneral eg, oped roblod ut aber. Under ich condition the glu ‘ect an be fle ed by groupe cgaing de of ineres mong ral andor snd king sl new Sours of dlfrentaon The cs nee trl pope ftom an be eter ken pd he ds oat lhe by governmental poles which dinate between “tient and "neice proce, by terse which rita with hs variation the pote mewn of pop fy inal nd change Te peat the uate ora {athe ation oun inka mong rl proper the esi that popeetonip fran peti wil te Hie ‘a for orpanion or nei i ca ented p> Eileen Saree floret typeof ropto ‘th trent popiry he dillent so f ikages {Dattan we ovement metutons, the poled mesnog of poet cocina goa Facey of less eden pci tc the extent ad content of penetrtin by usm centered nt tutor the county ao imprint Repos nd ‘suena nettatiny Torx mayer Tm pest Fer paraar ype of popes systene tough action te plead oct I tndovme lo entl theo Togas texting of tex ntatins ts pele ‘Se customary perceptions of estoy fr prop ‘to logit may be plan by oer prceptons whieh ‘Ses apporve a se anly abn to the exsing or ‘eine the linkage fal popicton to reign td eacaton isan tgh fm elton, mon ‘Shy eat piel pars or goverment py ‘Salto maatenasesf the spe sd dma 0f propery thoy. the peed eimacy of propery eh “demi equione where etre tw ot oly ye ‘Strrclon may then fet prevent helo of etomary opi reganIn the me wy, the nod of mas medi agines snd newppe sie aot, moe ‘nent te county mikes conzl over he ote of {fm ccatal othe landowncs Te emia of ‘Saves nto the eos cn ony sve tude tine he ban of popctary aur nd ay prove net ‘hcg othe citing pla nein the ral eto "only, the comm and tet dependence of al opts on ban centr epeally fete appearance of ‘Scemerel etre, mas the Hage of rl propitors {sources feeder ipa eal eves, and ‘mehr cal connie tht plea! meting of rp ‘yin rl ed We oral proper ae wel ed oe ‘tener end gnemmestal preys of pode ander Ecru thon bnkemand colds obusnems, ‘Ser patel eps are te iflret Un he ae ‘wor ch ine ae por or nner: When rar props {ier hve ite cnol over ban etre eterinaion a peso pel int the wala ad ts of cet, {Srand production nce oli, pos pin nl arm” [iho leplson nd amination, he atl propcasip sy be gute mid pole vignette hand, ‘thee rain rr proprietor can dominate plcymaking ie ‘es of ccna concern to pele, ot ter ctr of {he ceonomy zl ropetorip ei wits est Ga of pil weg. fen in gly nia compl econoey, ‘ay te pur some el propetors te doa ‘Sona plana suber fae hough rab eerincommces edsatan ciara poli ar ‘Sand orermctalgecis Tae kage tom, ence pote power fl propos aoe kage among Rar bores noth: ponte pllealonstait on rar proper t thera ator forse whic a ies abr ney an titn demand beter erking condones erie However, ile ral liber oa oe nition vrage ver (i) government tans, (2) ial proprio and {3} the cart pops of rattan ine oy be ‘enpaary, Gye tee psi re eaependnty ‘tin some eases oe codons may poi unite oppor ie forrral orto arte onde pops vith tle piwer to ater ropes Simi, rani rar rma effectey dealt oupr a ropitomin the sen ‘tor depte goverment tenenton. Ars, he electine ‘Senth mgeel dean dem! Mee eae Tithe indowne’speocapaton tat he iis paced oo the authority af pope andthe obliaons of rpccrsip seth rope 19 rr uo be kept to ina st that the Taal ity ect be peed fn king cere econ tte to rr ocean of thaw gues Tse Sis arecre of cnfct Ge anne Were he co of propos hrzntly eked nd teal iat he ‘St thee ite hope fr der palit power athe ‘uns, Further complicating he pit of te un srr fre some ral uborers aya Be mal pop, {Sunt osararoppn, or may eure ster popcary Fineions The ed stata of he aa wake rope ‘itr aocnon of herr hoagie ‘nent or eis orpaatons ral ihre myshare fay, bom ote Kip (compatrano, for xa) or ter ational nage ak ‘ed onc Mian workers, however enlaces those see estos of the les hey eke On oem, imay scl nage oad ho omits prove or non bi or sobecve acon aunt erate oer Ioechantsoeher up agin whom el or ors {cen Bore commorty,boweer, the ac frase ‘tenor copes depres lab eflecte eet Sanaa inkags among Ral aor, Un Interests, ard Goverment ntti valealegiatl preeemadiodistieneahe le hee ree erie plac20 + eravgous in mae couraYSIDE and hi story ver he rl bor fre, br bas eens farm tances wh othr gop and chs ich steko ape he nena rerio and to ‘rns or eden sory af opto er {Ste psn, rab ar cero ‘earmold er whore cntnt etn a ee enlace pn nthe pall ge to det he ‘Sint propa aac el pga Only ‘then outed aber partes pote Terug coum the the poly of ope ‘everett of propery and cect enon {propery eis, Te cme snd extn of thereon proper pein ret ut on he tae eh berm tere an canin he es eon Te icone ba ge aor onc import eterno eno lors ded teeta prpitonti. nce the can propery sigh pa cal penal ns toes fein pa tn Intron pat poptr can nina or xen ‘eet prey ny 7g waht Ss hy i hep er tip ology nc mes edt Progenivey ena), spent cays an {Extitepar oe saoo sen oth ne mcm on Ssietsinicgeet al prrseenimenecind pica ecto County eno is (or fie) bearded ral bn Rvp toa, hese wih ping ir of cal rm ‘tend toca ion steper snd ane ee Propet to eee be popery concept theme EL pores of ara entsy pone eb to > ‘lo or they may eck to et they pee Semen” tan Sace oe overeme, rai Seabee ets pn milo ober sch eee {ora cnet cul ded sirens om ether he vidos stats oe roto te prot fg ral tee 2 of comme ferme. Oly der very ped eam ‘ane ean ff coaeae ok {histo That mac an oppetnty for er became 2 pouty Cente ate Ir makes aan ues ‘in andthe ual abr movement Clean tence ‘ety pic an expec resting Matric e ay2 Chile, 1919-1931 (ericinastewrbirtediessenet noaeeesa” TS ery ct as ee ‘hutpouener sd nesand slowed ch, Met en 08k 1 the prod 1918951, Chie expends serere conte ‘Sonal nd institutional eis Te cna of 1839 no leoger povided a tctary framework fort ncesngy stan, mademiig maton poly. The well wt pale fore that i the tenth entry nd ery Seth ad thestend and even red to am ents th Powe fe ‘ua ete ned nrg impetax Mol Sty ‘Sind aigrcy on prem lnatons poe, ‘tothe chee ofan expunting mide as sal ‘thst abr movement. he need pripatin of poe ‘ly excded sector excsded the ety othe citing ‘tutional apart prove poste necitons roe 1924 1931 mary carter soupy eed itary dictator paced thelethanpe Clean Ga te ‘ier of atin pote. As Predict Hk a commented ‘energised "HMR crn loa ea en ced nat nemo stone aes a {St ht dems ee ea Norther maa rons cir seae ees {Sibi mas means tans sae eed ‘aan Tem lawyer nema ‘mi ng wer ht vty ened ‘ter nn bang hed hanno nr24: srmuooLE iN re couNraYSIDE sept hee th of mein ei ‘etre Tae cca een Bees em ‘Sart ant cry sierra or coco enpee teome nes ney Std ot ‘Uden sisi the exiting pooner wa the sell ol que wich tamed oa he preoaive of opty, the tk of gorenment inant nthe epee on the wukng cl A smal but itt woking ds ‘movment, bard mining canter, song road td ort ‘foie of fale extent amen ban tory Woes any peed he cpa eine fo rel, Wong Seperate nanan of eine dso of = ‘Staessen sd proses were all met with gue r Prom by peice md te ured ocx Goncment get e- ‘Soyed pmo pees an et tho ends atten ‘= Chnutal aber: Conertiecmentin ie mw he ‘Strency aren mported bed copay Dat kas Reclbares® pantel out ahi ella in he Clean Con ‘pesyihe moblanton of the ean working ce dma n= tltaon of te Soviet Mein camp! "nce 1918 the hve been then Che who preted the easiest tesa reine prey costed bythe Rn Soviet, year bel the ryt wa tababed thee 1917." The ‘Siig of the sol qucon wet wel eyond improved ‘rvhing condone wa higher wages ental a fda ‘Singer the xing eine of propery ao othe plea ‘yem coined to una ht eine ened wen un i mg te at agen Spraicnft wth ther employe sine thea APSE mceenth century, the cheng to propctohip [ther are by a npn worn lt eg foe ‘itweomly oly ter Wot War. Pom the one the ha Eng libro he hacendado war exteson of he ‘eo the mato or movement gat he exiting ‘epme of ropery Mo the pind 19191991 ra props cxpsece he fiat us dentate of th propery mtb and palit power in the countryside both hough ovement Fepiton andthe ati of onnied compen The pet {Stchaper dese he ate of theese f pepe in fea end wich came unr tack fc 1919s gg, the otic meaning of propery in masa in Cale a the ‘ging af the peed 19911973, chr ated in th ‘une thn ly Bee crn pecs fhe plead ‘ening of property i el nd i tsps lane een ‘Swpetentvy tested noe state or camp te ex ‘dae catomsy preope of ul proctor hse ce tre diced ely riety blow Other pect ch he er ‘orl arisen fal popctorsd ther cgatone {emesd ru abrreeive move deta ens in he re cst. ‘The ep Anthony of Rural Pepto, “Te fenton forthe Cea propery sytem eed in ‘teen's pola anton The coats a 1833 ‘ty of rope, te aang in ricerca se ideorecret errr ed ret hel tower on fy hg re by ‘eta oat osteo ea seein tee tr c am et ne {a coer ory ron bys hay comp Sooner ‘he Cian Cl Ce (185) defined property flows: Denton th ed pe) i pie ai soplentn were epee du ay te oe The cite ton of property crested ropstoiip haracerized by Amine Gey the “wap of te Ro- ‘min concept-ats fc ysbra-of print propery" Tinto propconip rel eter te ight of thd pares from specie cnet replat prob- ‘ions tn he pctv of propery vara ln he Cd (oie ested te ih of landowning aol26 + sravoous tw mHx couNTRYsiDE sneaked cher icrtal pbdeyiaty fn mond} ‘ke navgatereams lk ad eas (Ae 88860), ‘Ta ighe of thr partes metioned by te rl Code enraly miro tn igecctodriede popdarn antigen, 1 he form ofertas (edu ane etn ‘hed al imi pled «property to he ene of he [popter of other property Ale 821}. Ths sree teak topical forms poste setae wih etal Uh blationt ow peel tons ach a or ample, toallon x epibe acc tos publ oad uh on a Ing pice property and neve sentaden wick probed sper behaion ch bling sense eter Regi Except repel he gh of ther nde propetn, seit Cl Cade ot ner tonal lepton Delors {ind management frm management tension of a ‘laps, pnt ed oar ak ‘Soa net epson af nmol ied to proe ‘ough vee py the alae ofthe pole cage th ‘staining ore the countryie let lone tact a ‘tet free Unl 1985 eel propa veined ‘tcl tcomtnine this enjoy od pee St ela ata.” The pial end eomtaton eis acing Cie afer ‘Word War Te 1925, tthe adoption of ne consti thn: Ar adopts the ew cmt rev he 1853 et Intepdo popery by desing ha eae lth pepery te it (rosy tn nt tre oft ad, {tin hmm my mg aarp Siofarptiewtin (sein Til wien niceties a ‘he goer te provisos sed te ating to "he Gl Coe ect tat property eu be rete ough elt ch ed allem Goer patent ‘he prc of onan ein, deed. ee Loe Gera proposed the allowing wing or Seton 10 ofthe hc te ht a pope he ain “see Teese emo ces ae eGo a ec at nine he dion ley ne mine ma ae Landowner ried thi ft nit he popitary ‘Ac compromise, he nw contitation ena ‘ane he none extensive sthrty tooy a dl- cari of rl property, wile Arte aed the ‘hliption ofthe ate" forth abe vn of ned eco he ean ay hl" eure {hat pie cath payment for expe properties pee ‘eater etectielypecldedsy gence prog of ened ‘Attain tho deere py of mentary aaton- llwing promalane of the coeiton of 1925, tme further nites of igiane flected the nthe fk opis ver tc trl properties Lav 4.174 hc met ‘dibecee Law 755 of 1985 eased he ii of pun {he tation gent pony exploited sandened propre Inthe exe of poy epled fr he law pled sat yf sppreximately 30 prem ob ape at he ie ‘etn of he pent ofthe Rept. Commenting ene ‘pan he as a Tac dn oe Tet entmsitea toe eecartaeee sSomeltgamelccnr sarc Sea acne“Tos the princi of ering nome fr property Tou pus oan fe rappin, omit “ctl the copay of nndownen to eno a apne ‘tie nda ny dein pace, ome o nei ‘on rm nd gto mening ction “ed pl nto rpc ie period 1925194 appeared ina 896 1928. wh Teed to eof pe wy to eas girl slo in drone al propre id > {pate peducton spr th abner fal ol aint conn popuitin Unde he ems le 446 the ue could ere weaned nd or acted und node to eto gla ‘Slonler Bette modest mare of he domes ‘ose cars het othe eating pte of propery a ‘node The provision allowing expopition of lnd ‘otitiey cated bought pricy vere “heen pie or troy, et ena eg> ition of pony word or auadaed fam In pate: ‘lc egenc cure with mini the programa de (Cottianin Apical nt eae th expropsaton a ‘Gory Land war ced sma pers sold on cei {enon (loner) Ageafanl abs and inulin tly cud lan pare In eflect the aa bra fs ‘Sher tperin te and mae” With he net of te ‘Sovome depen some plicymatr se colonization a ‘ty fester spoyel incr a aan element bth ‘Sonia bremerat Neen the yes id ‘Ciutrenten the eingsytm of nd ten nore el ‘Sheen ofl pop oj sod eof the and Siey del” ‘Tho nil 1991, dite he eergace of potenti ep ‘at rein the propery dacteton of andownes net ‘Spoon ante of nde propery no ffece demic tio nk pce. Te eodacton ofthe pence of panto {atten an ect cxpopinonofnonprducie aak ‘epee porta lea precedes in pling an ee {ing te airy of propor Te ely enced con. Statin eatin of he ae oat Emly ling suid rl properie war sk a inpatan fomalcange Ihe sytem of run propery atin 183 newer pe ‘ally opented (ores oer) hiro proper ee om de ltecrnton of exit athe {ep and Customary Tent rion of roptor of Hara and 1919 the Clean cure rensned domiatd by large extensively expt cena The cde yee ‘clo spatter af dnt labor mplemented by tmp ‘ay ge tnde ie peak sono pel cn The ‘ten borers compel wrote of gules ‘ott (elueee”) specie worker, ad dae “rte pean The ing and nga a na ‘Son proved the foundation of the endo yen 1 he ince century inglinos ely evel money vgs ac cxchange fr hia a the ior af ‘itis ons detained umber of days the and Potded boning ind wo wor ptr ihe nd foo Ts Into the tenet ena he gine said ‘sal produces om ated and ech in Knd nd pegs Spumante) By 191 vo at a hd ‘sole wage wel below the market ate mpg therepi Tngutines nee nt bound othe nd, Det pena, com smn nthe Aiea ghana he ae pnd, pay i penn he Chen cena pum ahr may de ie leet entry ince a mining nd an ter is tected rl workers Ralrond convrucn gage $l ered ithe cuneate the Cea a Sind sytem fn 919 could ot Be carne fea ‘sem, Any authority exer by tendon Oe the ‘labor ore derived om hn temo oper aw, ‘tonal nl local mechani or niroonent of propery "ih andthe cstamay pier prc ca oe Sprctanlepone| ‘A ado mecrveinginflsace wt the naa and ena bor mathew Wits the expan of te ite {ly ther maning nto, and run septic stor (lis or hor ded compen wl weenyrea sg ting ete re See Tiana dria Ste a pera Taras dil nena tiring arcane cee (cinerea (reittelinestpicespie eee ace: ge mid te af acral a ag ib ec mane SE cetebitate aise nog eeepc ts oe Shielpaioaned entices eShoStinaet nies ier goes tot te eonitans of work and py fered to == arm fener ayes ang Seas aes Sete (eee me th in ag "ete ghee ty ith dh oe ee ‘tun pn heat in own [os] snow hn ple See Domereeceeareee Ses sipmrsoatear acme ‘Selaired oth norco ach arenoper maa pone ane eee at re cr em re SaaS coun, asisasse = st iat ponies eee ee Stee ‘tia he ery eye othe wren negan ros 8 en ee ut sora i er ee =. Sake depen eterna aes Saree Doe ateee oot Seis elena rae See Susie, Sgt yr ee Pie rcp pre Sic etna iSpeatine tector Soe a magic Sioa Soe cece SS nese Tercera igen ey Lome Seinen "Re rad lm ne een t ite Semen eee Sntirekesientyomeert seit ncmtmararae Sei el ns ‘fbsciee eee tte sateen esate ine eeforsnetet mecca Sole eweiee Serer eae Shas Sey dite se na patentwit tn pains meee Sioa ranaraiearra Soetoro Senora wane oe iain naa pees nh Sear sie Teeter eraes Recent ph oecc earl es is oon ea eat Sanne Sn entree her oupton eds Stee iat Sa eat rapier poe nee Splice te, hartge Sarr as ey aoe eps yee acta, Sorbets data pety, Peer emp hreaieny Sigceenetraateebnpteela Fp ecient ear Chatestaie Ropers Sinner eran tac Suncis semen ‘ceria ce prse a Smit eed octet nnaes srr open Sa Tarmalentensstcts “SE ed pst en SPs i coe keener ae Saco ee. ‘rhage Te mtr ey ge ec roe ron (Sy tyrone te cn may ec hier chee ye ke Seen ee Sosa ‘The clon opovide fay mendes and there dens then shoe ar woke at tbe command of ‘be hacen wa no ony aspen pat atbat ‘he proper bt repented a economies thera permit ntl ight he ety morning Th ingen Tire comet hear tie ma bm’ a com tho id ob med an havea ren tend. Th ‘See ees pense intsal vege wii he ced between the hocendadceanamy andthe camps econany forthe se exiting or esos. Ang the hse {0% popietary aston extended estoy to ater Caml moby md remanent by ete ‘hrm te cmpsino ene dept ently 2 he be ‘evolve ofthe pati. However song some gee ‘aed the right to vend replant hey oul ina ‘ately promperouseampesinn entepi tsed ee on frptaznton trough ivenock andy on aloe pasture 15% Ts meant thathecende rel ong ‘urtise diferente lb foe and ha te poe rremplaranteot the nln he mo ipo ‘Shed of url worker The cen propery tata, le ep unite, dings meng the per ‘eal bores and deca, cma oe ky ‘egtimteathny vedic pied or ‘rhe at een hs customary dcitaon alate nly “igh the worker steed Wo the haendads eco oper ale “Thus, for example the otras nag ofthe pastes and nial hey oho "to work win Sti e Inendn whenever one, whotexexpon wt ay ot ‘wee ter atest ey ere ren {Smog in pal or ther aber whet the perma tf the pr" nnn, hese workers had fo are hat “eos on he patie ater eae asked at per iting that any pon eter without perio dar Ty wis preet ton tacena rene rom taveling gh The cena enc on pic rons and prevent a th ‘hey sped the night within he aed” ara the aed repme ited all members ofthe boul of nonaimasttve pesnne nling worse sd ole eilden to work the oder of her eredsupers dey or lh whee td ied them. A the vest dln a Young ve or wee i eal to wo Ta th landowne agri even conte entry an {hint he rl popery mean nome mr commen ‘acto erstorlovegty oe lange roperian of he “lminetive jt, Adsense ies fo Inlaehnor or wsaticery mek perfomance ensment (Gein araadn de hacienda) oped theta nncton (thon of ey een mrden fo dctencs Eure: ‘Sn Some Haden ale ned the nas Frm th eo fhe snc centr 1 1981 be oe eral ongnaton ofthe Ces hacends hanged ‘There i cca wme homogenization of te ing work ‘tilt ad pul elie a eet nse properses, ‘ol pte ight nd aotments Se 1031 heh ‘Send cothne dives rl bf witha pein ‘noi of ingens hing ef rant pel ‘seeps of Ca ce Bt eae raged we ‘ned objec to he leply limited autor of te hacen toe ro nei hey cn ve od ee ‘foestin for incayenr ma cn teow el sare Sey mer bom, edad ed for yeas undeeh ‘We the hacienda ar opined racially shoul not ‘emit fora hremeraeonpieton or ryiom of au Sint schceecigssngastnesef ee ea web oat ‘nth impr netavnteon k peror ‘Bence bt rater bythe tnt propia pres Pestonly-to agent of ths persona authority. Nee how ‘er shuld peso ol be confuse with atc Frteralio wften seston ance wich se fated the explo of rar abr nC i ra hat (he ptr cred abou his wrk and tht cy snr oo ad of eae Mei uh of hemor Shen cited wor on lhl, ages as ite ae 1935 eat ‘nonin et athe he to Niaiporteiognst num farina oy ‘ono: bi pen hr en ae Ears peso iorn aires a Sa toe, ig tp te atin reenact Pe et ‘Secg acpien tener sa Sis eye as Presa, tea yaaa mate eet aa re Seer ar S2iresre iiss sitesi aia Searhces, iting tea Speen ae acy ge alent ere ey Sanna Lense "Sp en ra tenance we est Sea ec teaehae te Sees Sein ea reg ot aw Fee nein te ina dene ene hee termi ne ity tenon ces See ep Saeeetate Scam thee ielarin incepta Sindee reat meneame en ec cane ‘he cstomay kage of the proprictr torr pbc and iin cred om nt the went centry. My of he ‘re mtied by poetor, Porat cee ood, Indi and other pesqusiterecy fom the load here sm The poe ae ns of a pois al bo ove wel eae of the and36 + sravects in me counsaysioe contol one he el pole consngents Inne i bor i ‘pec portdelig the developmen of ke mover! ike poner of aps 19242 ‘The cain atm pt fare tn cg ie Cn op mt a pe nde weg reeset poe Sense oge orn fect ores See oetotomie ie Tet cieiretecree® eS one ce steel ce tgipn merece Sona mreea as ‘ciate ee itt ‘seein soca hoi rerio opto ey pg Peer tererepeen fea Tenement atop sxoyeig meme eadscs eeirbteg sieges ine Soi aiettumrrade coms Soran seperemnrietenienttnee ae Seen ee eae manna (Om the ane a, he downer mower the over in the fling ems making cle ht be, the landowner, wold ‘andl problems wins rate pope as ea fi ‘youhave been pt nfarmed concern xr 0 ies Saaaneeasmnroee ope a ean ace at le «inne es Spay toe Ss Bes pe eee tear So eee eee See, eracmen cea teria ‘The nextday the overor ain wots othe hacen nmin espa the ano a pi ren oe ‘Ser onllton The governor wrote part, te andar wh ot aye he ti. Side trakme enlete tetramer ea Lacking my iding egal ator to el wt he coda, {Segoe colo what he apt governs terenton ta mater ening the exerci of propery het dra bor, Te landowner vended ng ee rtm iho oe ‘suman von rope at ats iasuieeinhyasbemttteh an que tae siteintatcat pias ‘seu tcene einer ener of poptcue abe eacn inne permet SS oe Reameaeeiet eet eitresnt mapas meee: een eeatehyeteetl tae, Saige cane epcemenene Sita otatataeea a. pared croc a epee atest Peek Od Eimocree erect SShiteemit amd puamrnnea eins eprint Reena eae watieeweire ta statenaie ata Teerencad Bascal Nectarine caceeaaih wplecendeciewtatnaioe Sheen cota Sot erceaecienstcaee na arate bines rie eae ee Taam ister pichseapehoirugie ‘eet sips oes toe Stored tat igens rosso aan cgnepeaat neers seipcnecete seein eater ge eee eer rn Serres een ears Senate eater ny or ‘Simi ne sane moat te ited Bis Bio em, isisass1 + 99 ‘rovnce reported tht ial workr rece o work athe ‘ono Machén stopped wor in mand of hh gr feng reco t vaiy of Mor ones wich ey ‘adored’ Only interven o reset ahr ‘eve the cmpesnntgo back owe Te tet of Inktian or ewig the harvest on one fr af ante, tanta ea freien abr to make srw forte ‘ipa For thereat wore, ning he Maen set Teng niet nd arly eben Thi pe he cee «do gear leverage in eng it ene bor Landowners eerie somewhat soho nthe se of poner or smaller who worked sonal opr te forage The pom war kay tented om tn ene )roducon and beame par he expending ral rei ‘The cot of heed rom the yoann poe say tthe lndowoer entailed conta movement, mar ng ‘endlons, anda of ommuniy Ger rhe male iy gummed byte hacenda The aller who ap Ieeted since with employment for wees pegs (Gucing rh, ewe sarecopping nds no he ‘Sens remained moreso ned he propery thr Ityot he urge ndowner thn il he onset poo ‘arent worker a ince th depron ot aca isnt rey Merch wor eel cu, hese al older were potenti cent for any enema apes ut ‘Bese of the hd latent wat remuneio or se bat mer agtaty pred bythe employer hare eld ‘ait no bligon tp toe on the pal ced inthe Apia Regent. Lis Cre a of he we (Gn companion eatin fr emplenos aw 4.088) pa mp yn [La 46 nin ‘sue pp woe i none ‘test sa amin ‘ch ame he yo png en ESS gota Simei anv enh he me ‘coperton simpy gern the i's provisions ome ‘Soe prcnmentl eft chtame bltented compan Dente anne testnce, however, coer fr work vd th iw satay extended into te conti enter 190, Utter er ‘pectars monty requ for per dem, pesmi in Tbe [Ne compote date sabe om the Labor Dearest nr ipecon completed te prod 19301951, but Incomplete es of monthly prs ast tht npc had ‘intact ith the owners faoat 1000 02000 ams per ‘month, pending op weber sd sable apron * ‘The impart the ener beyond spent ofthe scl searity Kegon. Tele mene sd a ‘inne pprt round Law 4.084 peated he nk {Bl peneenton of pein, the ming era bores ‘Sate of the fo lp ight they ad and reminding and ones of th pl iiions ‘At withthe Meploments de Begmche, however, enforcement prvinne were gute weak. net fenced that ‘unl proprton bend for so of tw bu tered ‘erat of faeton meted by Ferman Ullman, ee ‘i de bent socal Cat 19812" 21 ay ce ee ey Lae Deparment pe scan urna be Rimi Genel Soe rent enced pe ome isitieeyemetenang fection potter inetmny ‘Aca 1823 in the Anal Repro he Labor Depart ‘tent te aed for afar cn ject lo ‘has wells ration fr or ort ces inching picaltal worker war pened ax mento make more ‘tein sans agus lito fel epiaion he fount Tack ots powet and the general tow he. ‘chic pesion af itpecon ne county allowed an ‘See to lor ol npeton wen neo comin hem {Se up on forest ‘hconat othe exemion of ep ogo, cstomary spor ot andonnes toward liber ed puaiy ‘teach te nineteenth entry. Mk efeon ‘rein 121: Sater cers ‘The mnt ent pet of the “lpn” on he part of thelandowne was heuer vest In hi enetasrtramme we om rene mye mento noma ee SY * no emangag eet Ean semen nw Sees romarenranentinand Speck ene a pean einen seronanyeTOZ Et yen ea oon retin nen ems eno prt nan mminnacjmmnn pp par mse pe romueunsrioset att macpnanr mein pny egamayiapiencommy eterno et et pce poems pop so aemez om kpc ETI ote ‘veer Pend eeny aor open apn aban et ‘ scmmperr—gamonbeg Sonne Pt ay , sng 2 ramarn mo py sroniugseseumerpmions ot sonnpeene ‘om ees mse pe ‘ ‘enmuana pena pep ‘uu oman ma ord ae z pen ama MOND AUL eID Linke Efe eM kt mo ent et‘hey were ban lb "beevoles” oe. sponses tothe aor mare efononovranphdthe ppeedly feudal mare of hit sangeet a peed te ‘Sealy ied nacre of popritny elias tora Torften only te same 0 the none ete is ‘Son wth reece to bor ‘Caomary plains aed fram frm ofa and ond Ingo rary withthe hacen Length of dene, ‘quay of work enc, nl ote einai ere lp to dete he gosh and sevice alae by the andor tench dent abr For example wi ‘teary of srecreppen indownen smeone prom ‘ee any ok wm andthe gement we tber ‘Sera ch were thereon of te cape, an ‘ity an quality af food rato hong, pase gn the pei a varied om cena to hacen ‘thn each haces in addon to the work “contact” per ndowner one ‘ine stabi rr chol abd heath cs, apported rch ort ena wk and prided aed to he re Sener free Al he servos wee prod (rm pr ‘acorn hat cio of endo ‘Thecntomary patel so often ced im ecm the Aetna hai mii ao sce gilt Css ad boone on ote fn The atin alo maintained, 3 lowed concent to mtn, company sre opr) serve tothe esdent population. Aveport ged ‘icine sd cet tents in Wala 198, ‘supe he allowing abut he palpi [ama 9 per fe prone atts snd Coa ete seen re ae Pict amet Seinen pico "ata cl eed eh iponton wich ema a Sen So at ge ‘ut rene hpi of ein tne ‘hth piper rae nae farberexotaen the ampere "Pe pr 1980939 marked thigh pola for both he state nd late member again ther work fac, 1980 hee wee 10,559 ingaiince (2048 percent of ‘he population stein peta) edn 1985, 10008 ‘gles (208 percrt ofthe population asi in pele) ‘he ination wana, Rowena he defnton of ng Ino changed in eth gees sd perges or ‘ample nse se inna alte lan pare ah nd the ight o gut to xn x empaanteon ‘ee lr howtvar the opi ose nem dp Pred: No ytemaic dts ext pond tonal pete [lth specie peg and slg of ngulnoe Sime nation doe xt, bere heat sme seas wage plajed mee pra le than tay had pre ‘tly abn some cc gui cme mere jenn foes mieear antes papeepere ne ‘poymenta In gener weve tee cre son an sept, [rina 1938s anrptn of Fund Sn Vcr i Conte (Walp Province) nae the continaing dian of ‘heeatomary sem 6! line es aie tend mere en ot (pitindnccugr or al open oe ns erage roars poset ped or ot ‘king eer oe aye i sa. (ied alsa meta a {iene opto to hens spate ‘sos woman en ce ‘Rees enn im ets eo seid Sisto pom nn ed orth proletariat the pon ay wore, o mig Incontato the inline cartamary options of te ndowner were exprsetins tempor veal abr ape _mentconcaing ie dl wage operate wich wely CGnisted of ood atoar snd money wages Pet se ihre lp unde the tr te propiar nt een proiing se orn “Rene Legal and Customary Pregativ fLandownee ‘aie preopteacsing to lnownes mat of rah ropletonhp ae eat dares om the ents0 + srnucaLe w THE couNTRYSIDE evved fom hh sch ats, we, uct. nd om fay postin sore gecaly. Bea he tendency fo a cf omer ming tres toby al popes Sedo sem ntepted ring ele became spat ‘hse cary the iccenth cen, rot ey Seton th cna rte of ral esti from he ofthe pop chan genera One a ety, weve, cer cata beech cred tl pro tr partly. Ft, and peop mo iporant, nd ‘Seer dominated nal goverment ints al ‘Soja poe forces After te wall Reveluon of) 381 ch eed local od prtarentary auth he er carly andor, hough caged by ile ‘as and working ch partic cotnued int the pre 1981 lode epee madd sure pall powe for ‘il proper With tcame cnt ner mao oxen {sts oe sen imines sppunmeat fem), ‘a acento snes opparunticyIn adn fo the cam’ ty beets ofl poptontip apetion Chie ce {nd monetary tem proved atest conan at edt he alsa meaning pope in lund ™ Ae Severson ar pointed ot: "Amon he aon xpi ck ‘igur he icy, pcb the mente andthe ‘nc ine the mor fice whe yen deprecation {Be lean carey By dereing the ere) testo fxs ld contin py the are nd wageenning ses these money wag, he nrg he amber of pse ey theme rece for gods alii the wera mare * Retry, ome caution man be exer n nealing bout te efter af ch pices a url bor, pats inthe ca of eames propo, nding nln ak ‘turecroppe wh eed bely upon the Prodconraher ‘hom spoms money wag forincame or example at at 1957 nguins Hacienda Marple rvne xed lights Seon to bali frme ee sn part of ‘he package a bent uray alfred rl popes ‘at preroaes were ao frm Strut ming ro itn nar wa bse eae the ade ch ro. etnp was ened Its nessnry nn ota othe ‘Seiten a propa sathory tne Chien counted om 1910 01981 nner tte ended the paca ‘mening of rope nul nd Disbatin of pec Authority i the County Diibason a propery sao aur he the ‘sod 19131981 wart onc gy concentrated ad ute {Epa route the etme concn faded oper smal umber of ge etter and he persia St wopetry authory very sal parcel of nd songs (est mamber of mln, mall opps82 + sraUGoLE Ww THK couNTaYSIDE ‘enue, orsanss = 59 (omnes) and indienne popltios in rerio tn ‘ition, within the sendy gine mero, and ther petal Moves cura on he om arlene sera shares ouaton ad other ae not ‘kt account Ths the ext of lois comer {Bi unerstimsted tenet intra popritnipe ‘Nile ends Sneed or rer dit ae tected for On the other hand be concn of ‘Soci f nds abo werd ince many aceon soe pe tate. Recon thee ad taking te data ona inet maga wend tat mot 9 percent ral op ‘es enmpoed 79 percent the petal dang 10 ‘eat the ropes cncentted oe 0 petent othe ‘psa an ah onal vay (Count to Bs), Mid, cing the Amato Entec, Arcata (1925. 1826) pore ht 375 proper, repeating 48 pret of ‘iol ntbe vay, canted 82 percent of pc ‘ard an the ea” While ownentpo smal prc ili oscapy en ‘unl bor fl ee was of ileren ores erp of i ge hacen thet ale, amet a props ‘es ool eh Goch, mactgeeene deck, “lt r waar tie poetic orleans llow the om deen, Wher ied thee on el emaned in he at of peal, ‘ubuted iin the enterpiesceding to the tpe of prope ‘oni inquest rentals ltd and Par ‘wes, Bt he decone mad bythe vu may of tee opty in idualy, had Ee input on he ato po community enon. The al ny of ace ais proved he balk of wpictapl procts nd controled elo market inthe ean hacen emaned Properties and the kn are they coupe fering sae tiny Ta presidental mene in 1918 Jun Li Sunfuentee ‘atimated that Che conte 4501 propetn of 200-1000 ‘rears, 1058 pope of 10008000 brary and 248 prope ‘tie of more that $000 hectares! Only fey ne be ‘here were 7286 properties a 1101000 hectare 2080 of 1001-5000 neces; snd 970 of move tan $000 hectares tn ‘period of reel te angen ral doling pte, {es much iilerene mast ested or not 0 mh ‘Son or expansion a the figures weld neste far the 1000 Sooo hectares od the sone S000 hehe geri: Bees ‘he date are ieee t's pombe to ett aly he a ‘ny of units tharos eagles af tan property. ny ‘Sue even gen he age feo a etme opp he ‘proposition tht mt mount ofthe alae sper Stee concentnted in elie etl properties For the country a whl ung the som the Cetra Sutiiel Office te dibuton of unde propery shown in Tale & The ata ince only prope in the a rome sense, Unegcred proper aterm ie fae 1h more of pony employment far sesh fh ste ot Sos ‘Seen nd of lon ber mec aro ne ee ee, ere {orton tenet th pte mening tno er eee ee Seldon ty te cay fee - ie 2 fe ie pion tens cel ie her a eC Bm 2 os 2 {Sead reo one pnt plying sere ‘sae ia eae ently ply oan ous ito tine le yk nt pps uc i Coo ‘meresom “om 3 atattat tao ed ntwence Dope ir aie dgedo fee ear anass sone Rantans sna Sy athonty te lt he spe domishy were ited phys format al rps {or ncontan the ng andonmen noye te extee= tpighsat al rl ppc md coul! cece eg edo om tne fps se propor Sata al pps choad iin eek Sido. sme el ace n alate onde three for eng ast Zapata ‘Seng and Tinea Hane Tha the cena ad ‘in he penance domanf ter etc ppc at aap pect cerrado reer ey Ons epanry ba, thc ao extend pe ‘Sern 0d mre mia an sono wots Inaae {Ch the hacends ate the eoning soe ‘cag conf adn devs nd pene ‘eyelet "he contin of apt andi ey owe Pine operesney es weer atmny te (Stak acon e998, pra ced iy tr puter heared rm 190 inthe Cea ntl iy Sod ane pede ore ‘eal conta over 80 pet ofthe ale gen and Suncast Jen eStats ple Iy haniedby juan te fore loop, (SPoe eerie rec pnb Pe ‘rponed dor eon in 1919 emedy thes [rtomantted prope ina a Dept he ac Pperripereimgenat treated pesiete opie and at amy fini eto fe Salm tated by ore han en yen Mee ‘ihre chanteur of Clem oct oon Soni oe Games! mare ona, ‘ns 1951, porte farms, opens and ote types ot coletiepopiontip, elegance nha, ‘rere a ela nt ate of Chen apse On (tbh ee ppd a pio fami wih be cendado bac ra Enerpn appeared inp ar ercieaorgiiantons ith ‘econ ating eapbiier centered ine pin agent “Ths pitt of te bce stem, boweve, some eng Can ace, ough ine iad manage ‘etna share labor tenancies always [Seudedan nara empesa economy. Aste st 988 the ‘Sena Peasant Err cout lh he hal foal outpt of he ada System a Che" Thay, whe ‘he endo hasnt cache propery anthony hin kerr propery, be ted may of he ay tendy ‘econ ois get ad nda eampesina ete ‘The cconomie tp ofthe banda depend pn nme ‘ural produce aldo to bean farmed ely by the hacienda ener, General were the ndowne 2b ‘shed pelt! np and pane thse eta te campsinn. [Uke the hacen bog te expen et nd. pefomed the matting incon, The componente ‘Sin ont ned roprtry ancdons even oa aero an Si econ making tout protucon, work rouse, qty ‘wrk and marketing wat ore pete han th fra ‘rncenttn af propitny shay gpd ising he ‘rod 19191951 the compen msm Ender snght {Scene their own propery dco, eating oper Taming ier on marketing fantns ekg ces trchans or milena of ther ypu he hacen ao Inte opoducton snd managment fhe sheep ‘The ange to cancentnte propery shorn va andy cold nk the hui tant te the ‘sono exiting prope et eto ‘buon af propery thoy win exiting nena ‘preme Tae endo thn spent stage tren the ‘endo and intemal emp entree often er Teokedin con of and fon nkages mong Rar Propet ‘hes up of cena that 1924 contd 30 percent of Cle otra ld way ontoee propertly acter ling, deta teeny, Goren comma itt yw ‘cl teed omnes ecatal eperene’ ed de ‘ue thi ep Pent Safe compen of he emda el to the Engin ral artery proto Wald Mota pekpeeyepse Thrg mend eae ‘cet the acd layed a ave le ran oped Inter ocp in atonal pete since he mich cen {aey. Wes Conran or thc Eacentecomaned pais wich ‘igh affect rar et, the ala aii ced ‘Sema oie and week fo ter vena. Tss, {or empl, 1928 when the oven coniared sp ‘Sn of Lm 4.083 rping abr contacts al he pea ‘huaion of ribo the miner of Beer Sale th {lowegeets mevcatio of ard popctect™ ‘he facomminin he ini nin ye pene combeteaety beedd tania getgtentrsogan ‘Set aera te ea no "er har be Scenes sia or er yond Comes te occa gael conan omic ene aking concering nara boro "The hacendadn kept cach ther wel informed abot Denke” with the rar bor fore and alec (Sted he in efter of rl fo challenge eine ‘thay flower nthe pot Word War psoe. Dung tepid the hacen orp pare ree ‘Son called La Unig Apa which sought to unite all he Spices f the emt defend he ener inter of ‘alte before peop; work toward the rani ‘tn of acta ered ral banka copa ose, come eightng odin ener te easton o al ‘Sow tew dete ord api developmen and soci ‘welling sd tn exec nen oer he ube mthosee {tht they wos mae elev he aprons of iso ‘yr ln an, themenben weed "exe induce win ‘het repecte polit pare, that he deiaton of ‘afte to the atonal cong allt ten tat sala ‘heidear of potecon and development of glue whch ‘he Unin Agra apis to elie" “The Uni Aga End acento to ein them fr season the propery authors an to poet hee ‘sof the hacen ste nat sopping Wen he it wave tr cost the case he Pesnd 19191925, the Unién Aart slog with ote apt ‘Sa scetis ued hacen ot open ofl [br unio and to cite “apo” fom he rl wrk fore For example in io cone i Fado Santa Ade in ‘Ghinbarongs (Chagas Provns) sv 1924 the camp i- led in thet hbo pein request for “ecopatnf the eden Oren Ur Cet ot ves debt wep eens ae opined woken” (Se chap fos ther ‘Sento of he le of FOGHin he countryside he po Pieter the pein: "head deca tha ost Etec he Feri Orr eC esate the Cen ‘al Admintater a member of the Uo Apa which, ‘otis Ks member om costa npn ™ ‘helaorinpector who deal wth oat eared wo hit spon ny etiam aero ge Siena mpeneme of no ig SESS oro ae ssl mada tae age as oe 1a is way the Macedon managed the common interes in ‘the county Repoal edn ith nol foe Inet iogter to determine working coven latin nd ‘hips of rr bor i daon tothe pyc nd nee group fans, landowner aacton kept ter member informed of cha {eran en Gonprn Tse cnn oonfay soca and plate, minted kag formation eto which tempted co aly cae aity ‘el ast roe hell advice for acai ences Thee exited weakness te Ener oy hi cla of hacenindos it wu at pcudomagiie ny pera ‘econ fen exema oats Landowner oan ad ‘Ete enforcing pocer on he emis Ara minty ‘ttacendade doped more modem pele ee, ‘ght ica inguin tnd epce with wage [brand machinery, of moved rom exten eel neon spetion to mer fecal end nteaeopping pte (he community of nes iin the caw of endean Sogn ‘2 weaken The gal abvidon og properties cw fo titan cones inne demand or ek cope, demand by ‘tenets and expanding uber pofetona element for lind wo ean hist nd peter themes apn tional foriadored the banat ora praptonip ‘yg wh aon other than he Cbs Uni ad Ren de Agora (SNA) or Sociead de Fomesto Fa Bit perp moet iporat by 1991 wa eh the cena et th stents capa eco ‘labor Landowner meodeons cola no adoaty ai ti the tabled wand oder the country een wit the cooperation of na goverment fc Cot of tue "ipl sencilla or milano longest to ‘pe ber onic eres To pte propery ape ‘bvenion, downer made det spe fo ete go ‘cement to son cmabincror rhe lary. Now sly cnt ‘Selinlence ne nana repme could parce the aoe tral popitanhip.T his end he ager cations ‘rected herons iskaps among Rua aber athe the acendan the hoesends of made gs ‘nos andar ager maine sl ofr oe ‘mito Ine prod 1919-1995 aero ‘Rterulaor caneaonv and wut sdsoctirsteed fe sucess ele overnent d ndowne ee ‘Sale thee nthe fe capes and 8} Win the acid on male communities, family, Scie iip (Compudnasge)ecananic cooperation snd eestor up ithe ctmperin oun Dred acc to nd ad ‘her ergot pred by the bend eid the ‘Sends coominiy. The male communes (in the se ‘Ero not ccna lager twas) ewe ome ‘Rtedorou Few of cpesnos Bed to pester or ener ‘ct othe eat hacen hough bor ln ret oping or Spenenc or rgtion mte- Over he ‘al aber fore wa ar rom und op. The ndowers ‘Spbiy ee elt nse to nd ter presto {opalerchedlens workers proied an nortan mechan for ‘Shang snd maining veneton win he bor fe. (Ghichn rm eed the Uthood of oration of a [Puaon that might recy chlng the bacendas. By ma Sinope poy sed spear ity within thee ‘Sod temo pleasing he landownethe hacen Secon fei among apn oe oe inka of Raa Proper and Laborer ‘Ure nee ad Goverment eats “The Chen bce can bee ba snes wil ming ete agra inne te ‘Stns Ths tendency tested in the te neon nd ‘Sly wnt enue: Pree andowaey sence ‘Sth hued) wa in mont ca, earn poe Inadaion to utan reno th pest ndownen a es of ty, plea uy commercial nce ad eden Yo the of Clean ocetySanige The none formed 0 Intl prt of Chien tocety sd ples tt 1883 he tin of cede reueted hat fhe SEA help fn 8 ‘kgs emnon ttt nay” Inte t {rnen rst sme a the SNA ated in he cee ‘iror te met port nda itr rou Ce Ibe alti ofthe Sec fe Fometo Fo Slshant nen he Cicer bend rhe ‘ant Glen emp compan i orepelrise ‘ght bythe pemmet tte south Chie Prom ‘See te Garin inked owentd indus eters tthe same tine cs mer ant mins ad india Bought cea to cml fateh upper chs at, ode isco cadet cone an ‘isto stam fo Chile they went ety ‘Eeimel he Congr, ere seton dude ‘ary. Ab bey versed commer and ty, {Gules mon importanencendas were ation Cs ‘mot impertan beer, miner 8 pole a sh, ‘Sehaendadr werent impy aru elas bt tod, Tn coor he kage of mst labore othe wan bere remain’ quite ied Hace resents more) AM om one propery to snc Many of hem pent heir ‘itl ge extends lot equ common {0 ind aeons aces tat have ved therefor um ‘ra enero In peer he endency bs been fo the ir ier ote om nese fr he af emo tthe" Niguton tothe rte ol cy ad oe ucion seri the coetryae sns hawee, ep ‘atdsomc cmpesne fom the hacen ye and pve ‘Gem contact wth han customs sd a erpeisaene {ete wares roe etuning om aoa eoston ‘eas someties bog he expen rune nore ‘Stuns bck tothe conte we chape 6) Bu the age ‘sort ra bores to ban ancl ans, marketing ‘Shc and ban ote orgmiaton remind gh nt 1951" Choer mh povereental buenas pray rene et i 1931 eal wcemmon Tae Socal Quon a Ral Labor ‘Us 1919 the domino hacen ae ad oe able tolint intervention a the te nthe rr seo. The igh ‘logy of the Crh wat ected nthe parlor of he ace {Edy Santge sens Church inant cootrysie frenched lyty to he pd, slering oth dj ‘end in hee: Raa school, where these exited, ee ‘led by lndowner id teacher who ao povided a= Inga spp fr tc aiting nde ad sing ot poten ‘wublemakrs among thr youth tht landowners could {ake patient tonality, whic remained an tte si cea letin Congres nt 192, ore to the pend (18911984) he item el palameniry reple™The epitome ofthe [eval democracy which ke ete lth prmentary ‘epblc ns een cancer by Abert Rawr flo: ae cng gt sip ene pera ESC etiam mine ig Spa ndeneiy pees h xi wen pena pono ere tal Sd Se anny emo Tort fo ate je ‘odin nb tmp omc yaa a Sipe, wade sem cote: at te emergent working sla movement sn populist patil pares wel a he {mbryoic Msi movement bleh Image fw caged Pal. Labor cenit a growing whan mia tector comme ‘hl agetien end caput berememcy ol erred Se itegity othe existing pole! order Dewees 1919 and 1951 tpl oder clap ad he ante f the hacen ‘ado cas vention overmena eatons ma erode “The opal tan hich compmied Ary Alemed't ‘econ 1920 wat flowed by more tan x ease of o> "stoma eties The new coatitten of 1928 sentenced te ‘cn thority athe expen of th pane. Frm 1825 to 1981 however to oral aeagement ul nt be leiay implemente. A gual rene (1927 1931) ener Pedent Cre epee the aoa ber movement bat Sesame tie roman Cle’ int lind efor nw enn aor ceca ots exten ‘be works prog, ad expanded te eof the vate ee ‘cy Teer rine tempornydstoyed the Scie ‘ole of Cngrear in atonal ples. The tener supreme ‘ena pteal pares nd repel the ta poe a2 + srkucoLs w me courrnysibe ‘movement Bier tempt to site i own pty bor ‘movement ented by the cron CRAG, for he al SLs cinttangaboat he cade cena encey Emergence of wokingclan ovement nwa aca nd inn eters along wth poplin imately, Marist. Poll part, wpa the pals balinc and chalenged he endo cntrl fhe anal pvcnmentl psi Theseus of te whan bor movement snd nant peltcal parti to wre conto te national ganerment From the area paul extended tothe countrys Ror lib jane the roae sage punt he exten "iis of pte propery inthe mans of procucion a a tery telat freon econ tad reinbton of property inland The il thr | ‘rpiised rn abr he nunrysde Dorowed a fom ‘he eta sor morement nd mine tac woh inca ‘eins, ec owas an sts, le ping fers ‘tonal efi of propia ashy hough or minimum es, hd he ight ofr ain he ‘also Ino sne the debater arc ile theft dead the twetth emu aceon bc himonertin ary plea stem th area diebon “propetoriip: aber ieaton or hbor coe ar bot the ‘Gean need and he mcnt bor meme eed, tm eae eee te mathoty and power a hse cn Ulf the meas rodetin Tn he down ad he Ge atonal regi repre new forme labor ‘rian tert shoretem gu of te ampeione {he prod 1921-1925 Ge per) Melt rae tins ht cl pred herd saint cyt ct yo fo ‘Sesser sew pe: aloe ed of Ba femnoalions ofr Word Wart reingherly on doctor fromthe lnterana Labor Orpnsaon (LD) he Cem vermeil adopted ber endein 191 coum asisassa +68 ‘The Labor Coe represented an in detiatin of the oa a a ry pricy er he try tern. noe rueryde fhe Labor Geter Sti aman eyecare tied tu forrest repaon of rpicary ator Tyimcrdrto oc compliance with newt cate pl oe ‘Shar ofl ropa owed te campeon "hoped aoe by he ier, he abr cme hin of en ne tnd for teeny norman of Ce ce ‘The Laer Cade pred sl een ora propia ip by touchy clyony cocoa esnips ittiomcr denne Nong i teh of Cae ‘pty ecce na aber rm 1981 te 196 adn labor eho tev Sine employer commen reas A proac bth the ean Aveo fn compen for raion nd mide oc fonts owing rng of poll pare nd he pres for ‘Moby woking erion, he aon aly ‘ue propiny stony of lnewnen oe tera {ibe fame Free 191 to 1964 naw nog to ade ‘and wos the atone impor on rr prep ‘Rviongo he bor moemen hich chee poe {tip to cnt he een of labora here. min contr of the anal ple pasta on tach Prope rural nd Spend The Ns otis tae Fone inthe fling chat ich los ftom aoe Ieilon, next ser ar movement then he tle pyed by pea pares ad ermine ue dargpag te saoe ewe of proper ia2 The Political “Transformation of the Countryside: TBL1964Introduction “The event dsb nthe net fut capes ok plc in he sears 1991.1964, The aon of the cafe between apa 2d aber, ul popes nd ral woken ‘hurl nine ad the ee Chilean poi ‘henner of pn paren the norm ‘Sot the counryace. Thema eum leds he eae ‘ver the ae ene pid al ne y leet routs. TO ‘i acon ad to pte pe an oes of his he iment fons mth mor evens cased [jut ofthe bok It may be refered toon acon, when ‘hr rndr its op bak deta td pace te cu ‘Sn the cones he veal sary ofthe pe 1981 ater oleate 5) ist ne Alcan ne ee peat it Poudnohonhenopnt a on 9M Manuf pt ge eae) ‘et Femngoag nab Den Compa a per ys age Pe rad {at Tape Fm cn Apr cd eee son teen ten a {kt Jemma rb ent tesoer Cori ccd pen wih ngpon a om‘umpteen pana ‘hosts ons) ‘Supe nay isa seep ioneg ened a my Cetin Deets ‘she ler png apr sn) ‘Scent a 0 ap Sate 3 Labor Legislation and Rural Proprietorship ‘eed get pti ber ci) cae om he nt Smet eine napa ey Seon ” “ Jom 0s ‘Recto aoa wing he pa apm Sisieselan ison by the Labor Departnest appre tela Fate pr py fe ie pian the pain ‘sin pi td Sgmne pies e ‘aking adotage fra br ak ofl itn land ne oan tion il ne queen the el ty {paral labor peters When scot or learn ‘ter eolemaken” could be coed or eter dae pllned by the lndowne. (Ga 3 The Meaning of Colt Dimi" From the peipetv of aller, perhap the most carga xa st amrow ieee af ub lw ose nee the veton of Law 7-747 of 196 ch stated ht ‘Sus of ellen minal tng mor tha tm worker ‘ior aor fom he Miro onary nl Com Se and Minty of Labor mes." pa i inn ate 194 the person of Fda natn pro Ince Concept ued 151 woken groups cf ee than ek wore each The sceay poral the Comer ‘lin de Tabajara de Chile (CTC) pots ote Labor Departmen. Te Labor Department ad that aleve di ‘mal dete by nw meat "aia of wrk inp 2: te an neon hte ay. Th op mt coi ‘ioe tan ele workers. Thiele pt op ‘le when di re made gop ole than Sen Work on ifent ays" Inet for ahr confit, ‘With the inten of ew ber tepation Indore attempted oi the marker bene sed to may Interet helepaetenon of the nwt Tastee ae ‘he to cme hh allow The fet waa tort in 54 Yo ‘the cern west ra the nm ag esaon ‘opted in 983; he second dens wi the down effort {0 fine the gl stat of ings inode to si oh ‘cciy tx slgaions In each tees the lndowner ‘ccs imited the aw pplication, meeting no ence from aru aor ore il snesupped to pease tert st leila and mina ofc snd employ etl ‘la i the andownes to potettinena See Te Meg eof is en Coke ‘Agi 1804 the SNA wrote other of te Labs Dept ‘net, "Tis society regu that the Labor Deparment etic I underage the docs ot eae poe ‘th minimum sary to thon workers wn dot wok all ‘ry fap to undows] scar ln and eck As {sty = Nove 1853 SNA had made tener {© miso the pct of minima wage eatin athe ‘untrysid* Now tcp fo xa he met ep of rl liber, the wives nd nerf the campy fm, ‘he povion of he misimamnge easton, Ace 9 af the Liv which eal son wage fr abr se ‘ned tht ape to thone wh worked compete ait ‘ering loc castors Wt war compl sf fr» ml ‘i ora cook? The uct ws cen dtc Ie eps of rr iba ed Feshaon would ‘ve mie no dflne: Btn thc had he Lor = ‘tment simpy rede favor ofthe landowner wh ae ‘Sider advice of eg cools “Areata Arie 9 ofD.244 ony those worker completing ll hit. bave ‘ito he miu sy oe worker hom you alae ‘jer inp, ere they donor completes flo, do ot haves ght te in lay. (ise 5: Wien an ngin1eNot angi. 1961 the sa cing rence of he bar coer the eto inbetween Deparment objeing oa tc etn of he star only ped by the Soc Se. Fay Adnan” The SNA sgt hat, drt Bee ‘ered on nln, worker had fo pment follong each fr hme and iran alten of keto i or rt ian rain epee (eomplsent) ithe dsc come to work. The Soc Beaty ‘NGmuation dred hea mek poe ong sd ‘Moen fad plot ween fangs. In woe ‘ln he ight tose pcr ha een emit ot tpn of yes the entroon af hs regaiemet would iCcriualy raced the numberof ingaiioe: Nataly, Since he nw puted nutes wo sont severance Py “nd orice nthe ue of Gia fr posed tox dys for ‘tain nother borer) definition of nln” asthe Seed mat etl tin om ey a ‘Sel for day nan i ot wrk bt ot fo the mined etn ay othr canes fra bor but lio an ener ‘Sein lctintingunvanted bands (The abr Cc i ex ely ince ae et fhe Sefton egain, "= ete ‘ae sed apace") “Ta Socal Seat Aino argued hat, aking into acount Artie 79, hich in deusing the inguin conse ‘Sdn pan eck a bon [ening epic ‘ent} woul be comesiet," th elinnaono ching ast th abor coin didi dey the at of niin The SNA yer sms copy of the Socal Secrty Adin tet’ routine Labwe Department. Ca dared ‘yt Socal Sesuiny Adminstion' nrson no the Lao Deparment rn story, ne aber Department evened thie agency india led that all bes wit the slic origi) o nnd repacement were mot ‘lion nach ofthe above set el interpretation which ao ‘etd lade ood sna povans worked oe ‘Seung of vr aber The campene ha no presentton inthe lel dection-naing proce The nde in ech due preted the aber Beart ct pepe by ‘eal coms Unde condos repuaon 9 prope 1p nenieslged cheers bercntonry we teatyingor ‘he Rata liber di ot peak the angane of the aber De periment ep ection ral propria employed agents who Ser he lnguge ite well Hein the 1608 oo ‘mltiinterpettns of eal nor neonate we ssc el pao pay or ep on Tepl rpltion tht reo efton and ool rage _mest can be snr by changing the formal pects whe ‘inten the savant of estore sangeet Cle [Endowed this alle ute wel and eit ‘thre pone oooh bude of puns wd ation. [Rng cramp fest wate the eBay of ach state "Te Taber Go i mot ome scp ene plo and ote sabes ay dependent That yl Fopaiee roe tea bred esi tr sor wk acti nina wage payment nd {for "ndpendent harcroppers Onan informal band ‘er cul iit that nga scepter sae ‘Soper wil pesing oa th me aor abgons pre Sty allied aan ngulina the eampeina rsd the Tandowner col, wit propia mosi, coi im: te 6 "On Comsat.” In sora in 1954 the landowner of ‘ae Manto oped the towing coro comet 1 [Lanne shen omic of edt ma en Saree are $e eomelr oe) id ih ay batae pe toy “Ui ea ee ana pind re ‘ile ats men Bei see "The document ws id bythe lndowne nk cote te thanbprie af th worker. The be abr apein becoming svar tisarangmest in 1956, wrote oe dicot [aor Deparment fr centro he wat af ch cn tc hie ese at beng deve "ith he exc pu ose, to my way of hkig of aig he ac wea ‘Speci thee ating enter cnt with etal waren" Ts cepony Ofc 02177 rm the decor ofthe Labor Department posted out that" tomo la of wy ia comet which one othe pry elie teste, vithou are roduc, «god pce fend o sake {othe obi ortrm the neat deter ‘ined pried of time"™ The Labor Department costed pe tenia Sd obatd unu o poform tern exchange er ‘hose bent Inucha aes ib cont oul te eed 1 ts could be demonstrated, then the omedto could be halen anor contac insted pon howeve, the comditro (he work) denied ny commitment 0 Pevov ees fr te ndowne, then no eee othe rangers could be made: All eon of thew was mile st lon the lndowner made cle tothe ape io th he wuld eter ete on te nd nfo bear (he cits eel tha hier eosin Te compe’ ‘hole me down t ing enlion wih he ose aig is home Sch pal cmon ao bce pop mong lndowners ting prod af iubrcofics Fr prly cca re Sine downer often deed to cand th deo prac ‘lon win th nde, employing dharectoppen inten of Isquiinon Fo te paar rom pes ened (199) Iendowners ed the wd eg th bor dpe whic he tl bo Tove wut bin eter eons [Fak oF nfreent of abr elon LABOR LEGISLATION + 88 ie 7: La Tree nd La Carta de Loge Fa LT eran Logi andthe nearby Fund La Gera weed {0 Geto, Ova y Gi Explatation were ut though the tdi syntem of we of inguin sd yhaion Da Ing 1898 aod 1940, wits he wave hontai ton tein chien scape) te eampeisar i the fam fone sl ise, os ise tine wh he {CH nd pred ber pions oh anda res A ‘eden te sort ran wih the cots ete pr feed ntl he ingle ed oh hare tt the find ntnded to change in mode of production, nea ‘tthe normal oping pate the atin planed vo ‘rm mata the fn both rms oe fo rece The popietn inermed te ingly wee ne ome of cous to come sarcopyret they on dese he pm med ore oo i aor leit nd ete wre condony, th nds el ‘reel the ey chang he md of pn a he {aman introducing sharecoppr owl ne pl i ‘lie exed. This tern perl nt the 60 The ‘nbet fngullne vedi devine white mamer of ‘aresoppr eased a enraged ‘ther nbor we wee enced Desyng Tete Formal adoption of rgusorycnes canbe cmp by temporary pron wich ge pop pce’ ine [od wit wich comely with he codes requiem, rc pace eins may abo be ested bythe tobe pe ted are to alow em comply wth the wet ‘rrrdenig ti snc rain expats I's ‘ie pb bawever, adopt» delist af fu ‘egal ad conic pace pers neo wad eminent on nr ded ‘ada tne ‘hia indowes repent by the SNA sped his ‘atc when could be meses emplayd cde eb {tthe apposition & par thsome "Se of ach tac edu housing code or he outa ‘tained in the nim mary ons oped 188,(se Teneo rine inte comm practic i our comtrytide "Apr ote sinned ‘Gare ae ot hung provid by nl proper toc lnc daa be dtrntd fron Un cbr exis cetera icon he niece ‘tu aine™ The rovins ofthe cade were formal in Iie 1998 When fate bythe apoyo beng te (charge mes ote ough ating to py thom Tipit the SA wete othe Labor Deparment ‘Srocting minum pace pend of wo yeu ode to ‘Set the open ling ate in he ins oF mete lt ee weer eee Saetecteeeeniie Ree nascent once rae eeemeniaat as oat ee near ae nro erm mat npa ZEahiaeh eeepc natab Pues pee cans ee ee en pewter eine veiseatier Srisotinratany ian (nce tenet we nn Ld agian wpe oil Sr aarti ase aan Se eget en tiaae ere ee alee ion renders roe Teeatyet moans wetropene cs wae Setar ehouma atta eel Sree ciceeten maa amar septateete rs Sabre in yin ‘Shc ctmetan ores sae, he Deco [ate Seiipremal meet eee nme Se erate ‘Apa the extenson wa granted Tht ti 1959 the and nes managed to bt, hgh eure pd, ncoforcement of euton adopted in 1953.4 temporary ‘ncenion became pean mgt of cae cnet ‘inthe yer pod 1988 360, Foomaand frm Papaton ih the Repu Agcy Reyna olen cet peered so npn tof once soon. aged {regan pic bh ned ented eo ite wlan eo sr tbe pl may et cng nd ey ‘iinaning oo redone with th rpory sey tte dike sd tenga Dneene ofthe pd ‘en nl emcee ‘ponte cts tome rnin of ogg to ce che of the tr wich ery eter ied On wey tw eerie santero he wag epee snc rep we pteying pcr of pry "The SNA In Chie commonly had formal representation in _pvemmental agen cing re nd banking ination {ela rpitry agen The SNA vhwedpticipaan Be annsaton of pois wich afore he inter ‘na propos asia When gece fed ake is “Sih nt accu, he SXA raponded meaty ope tects satura he intrest fe mera at indore (iB A othe Soil eet Adminiraton. Wo 1898the Sl Security Adminisrton attempted te extend the Noe asa cary ad mei rnc = ge po onion of ra worker relly to he ema ese cia) by ean th lp bilo downers Teed hese of the bo force Thi ain ox the pr of 18 Soil Seity Admntion (vig come under the con hoe ot ea theming et Feo) repre dif rps of exiting ee This wich weld ae ue esp he emperor ‘lacy bee inne sd emphante tend of ‘Setwen nga nd rempcate, The downer el hat "hr irs ad ot Sen appropri taken ino acount, ‘inode cein "Notre Acedia the Jl 1999 se St pean: Saar a he i ee ir wed pa te eran ete repens meant "Ni maa fet! hep natn ih ae Tins deli be wr ot SSSI, np te ne fe [nec antes reno eprom dice pt tee ste Rene aly nce th SNA rend pest chime lage Hho bes prt othe peyaking proce within {be Gh de Ser Ooi In 194 the Cj sid an speement withthe SNA nip hat este of oe iri poco ng ari a han ‘or coaaton with tbe do sopeation 184, [weer when te Cj sel nh te tht ch po ulation the SNA apne iy vi Scere teen rt Srtiope sous pal anlageat ney ne comin he Miro the 1 et oo {tenon tat Cok bce he On ‘sy one ea pied by tad te mics ges aekctore cheb tapas Sine Sef aemcsnihnin ape ‘The ovo miners in question accepted th nterpeation {SNA fn 1947, owen, he a ain sted ho eon ‘ahi the SX and the sme pol conf reeee The ScAois atcal gtheepe he si- ‘nt emi he temp “TA ner peda al aor might uo ve per er nh cnn Rar pied ch ‘ct toa run any forthe fete ltough cl in ‘a nvisory rl, ough the spec common exalted by ‘Se Labor Departent fo yr ir coin nd a ‘fing inthe county in the mi 1950 Hare, how ‘tte SNA wav ao reread and he esac of "he conton wee proponls witout ding oe ‘Aral, dept the SNA silty ton ermal informa ‘tiation win most remmerilitittony oem ‘Btw mich aw the ewan te Labor Depaoen Te ini of the SNA open th Lar Deprtent ‘ccs hs on eo the we af ter tac ting withthe ir Darin onal eporo Ling Resources Avail to ReptoryAgences ‘The Labor Ge caged he Laer Dre ith th tiskof nosing the code’ pronons ough pri napectin [stoning tthe spestion eg enesons Emp ‘Ried on ning complacent ow punitive earn The d- [armeat suo Ut thee sean to cavers which nclinion ed vl vlad to meet te code peo Tn rr to efor the Labor Code and abun aber lesion the couse the Labor Departs ad to de ‘mine wherevlston ested, soho ones downers ‘inply wi exit, nt appl non whee ne ‘Sy wilt he ae tine sekig fo fre ht labor ‘Shaded emai orinrerincre bens kg vt {i ordr to deetmin ato the Labo Department ould ‘ode permanent pectin tans tv the eure, ‘ond pat foo, o adopt both af thee ‘regi, Whe the deprtmet abayecomidred the fst ‘minnie pero neon aaa inspection non locsor ulna een 2D evel ch woul hve made ous syremaie ee tance fs age fants rom he et days the Labor Cl’ promapton wn 1 196 the Conga denied th Lar Depart eae fee fund to ance eal pectin rogram Documentation lis tematic nck of epport by Cone ad the Een he ete ar hatte by the nee from bor ‘peso cpr prosestd blew. (ie 10: Her Would Hap In 1988 the bor nspesor in ‘Sen emardo fang Province) wt oie sper 8 {els ‘Jou tunt h o oot mains ie of eth you ed it en exe iin (ae 11 nd Ses In Mach 1998 aor petri ‘an Femando (Calchagua Pvinee) wrote to ht pero {rm then of ral nopecon i aed eat the pone viesee moan descent! ere ee ve fan wih rho 11999 the Labor Dearest mame ual npetr,ad frm 190 to 1942 thingie (Ramiro Con Ver) Inet handed of fando os Setage to Ose. Reth {oer complanee wih he racine by rapes, Socteteommon: Alig ch upc were i the deprtnent evenly ct the url neces sos by apponmately 75 percent The Yowon ge fer He sua th elo ome el ig tie atoning Inany cue, on nor topectar ts spool aan ech ol gation ket could no enoee borin ale ue {Gib Through the 140rand at the 1950 he uation fled bh ne: 95h ant acme ‘yt prenen’s Special Department of Compl covering ‘th umber of compat ated ote aa tented ‘sco he Labor Deparment responded ng saa ee You ha hi Dre at anya ‘nc incoming nd peng pas eataetatent ster pats ea hte a ‘Snodland a ‘San te bn pin of ees Seatac i imo meen ey mig hh attr a hae eel room het eal ey ern oe et ope en sacar ft cay apy ne ey ‘icles neptune naan ie‘The meage continu ising th the ator Deprimetca- ‘ot ey ot fein wiht mini ppt fom te ‘Sing onde Excatetn te orm of anc nd tera ‘ears Lie penton! ho Te the ck af sport for he owner eieaced bys oor a apes i Osorno fa My 154 ch of Pre Te ede my prion sino mt On or met ie Soe "in gc eat Dm ce et me ‘Mf option: Ul ow cree fee ‘ert Sahtainen onbeosaccyacine oat ‘Shea mara pra er pen at SESS tances meting ey rom pon an deparnental pecs ll er ide Soup and om costae to come into the Sa {age sdguacer a te Labor Deparnent Tne 1954, Fed wiht desea budget soe or esp thon the Lape Department ordered al persone ein fom making nesta in the country ep in expose. tocompbints Unt inde specie reques fran mopection ‘ites prt bane nce {ue te apparnc the aed para he spor Fite specinate sor plas s ane uren o ‘Rn! workers nab oe urs tp department ‘Mice nd led el proto postponeo ey on ‘oto etn flor mento pe yest eae flowed ‘he bnedctin fan agatrlmiimam-noge and housing ‘ey nay BFL Na 4 Jal 2189) Th ‘Sandel elation of downer tard rar wer te Heth eed epi of the Labor Departinent ot ‘Exon topline Some engennespoeste, bun aad ‘Sea enue wae pond fo the Labor Depron "Unto soe fends though the Cane nthe Bx ute bust Labor Deparnent ered “compalory ‘elute of eile om other goverment genes nok owed te rl. Cooprtign wa poo et dag pew mien tre Pat cea emer Enh Sori esate AS he Fea et ere eee SSS Soho tea See eee eyine ect SSS aoe ee td ep wee atl erat sel een Seva es Smo ay gh eye Ss SOR os Sere so Secs fh a eeeraseer oper nae nts eee eae eee eeoenee a Lack of urs tne he abr eprne eting o comin ied feng ou percent npecion por im And even poem compna he Sr ad eed cabin erwin. Agana Cen oj oie ‘ey tr ced he uuiogs oe o ‘Sikora Cpe vss ‘get ey eater may Seige nnn ere eae re anges Wp ede ese omc oye he Shem hy oes he ie tat at te Labor Depatnet ars mag aon ‘mln flr efrc nor ego. Te ee2 + stavooue Tux couNTRYSIDE rene ofthis 28 he at of propery ineress i ‘Sime bythe repr forint fore vis made {othe cout ceria pone to foal compat tothe prac propa of perio” Reports rom these ‘sina ental sence of noncompliance with abor Jeg inthe county tenpeed by Teal oregon ‘terete some eter ha he norm nein En" inmate otal avs weet bu toe ae ‘rere vated nr sont eey farm Despite te Hed (Cry of te tent of suc, det the Labor Dept ‘ents ak of pesonel al reso he thet seems oe ‘Cpr the a sarin of the retorts betwee Itndowne tod campsnn which hd bre he nar belre the ‘inten of he Labor Cae. To hi extent the Labor Depa Item efleinely dla the wegen domain of pope bury” Neue efcctnecforcement fhe code sod ‘que lesion wa fa fom he le "Twn god tpl ft por le of ompce with parca ote cer ly alec ace ‘oi ae bosingprovon he Labor Ce ate 12: Fly Allowances 1253, sx year tr fey less al brood Law #811, he Labor De fete id ary fort ow akon sompance wih he Lie provons The rameto fer aw 881 (Deo 21, ‘Api 1948 spect egy ad procedural resins {eth amy alowance (Arles 2-2) The ow equi that och mont nc lncdowner repre +t workers ha ‘were the hacen the mot of money an in [Gnd pent cre by ach woke, etal moa ‘wae plo at oth Mima 7 pect of is > {igure hd thn to be made male bythe landowner for ‘lh alowane payments to he worker wh ad mot ied fy wok ayo won peer stendane 0 P- ‘mewn eure for hae month ate te aor Depa fet ied ten only one wher ad pret tenance van eniled to he coumatedunde or tha month" ‘oer ep fd 958 apni 1.090 apes ite cmpoyed mater petal eg (ot aay allowance, OF the only 2474 wate reque cuenta exch month tick nat een inde {stlcmptance wih the payment owed the western) Tat, ‘ee tan 95 pret of the aga nett the les provi lt even make formal foro cmp Thelen of the stat! section hich cared ou ht report tthe “ack of anspor ck of personnel sd ‘fondo fiance the npc vii the fat eer itimposibl forthe provincial impectrtesonat Comp ‘meri Law 8.11 bythe prone thar mching the py ‘meno the yale ta soul yb ee ‘Genial woke of he eu. He guest ha el nc npn a fire of the igh onto complet The a ‘or Deparment hd ne ened ofan cary oti sagen. a 13 he Hating Cade non nh cue ea vag vi sae opt st sompine rh abr ics a cone singe tong nde ses ret toed hr Tere ce Ree ta sripognen nip ck arp ei. Sit setyel mata tomes eet tine sat Hans Ghar 0 finda 12 tn whine ps of ge) ey ep ‘to the sitaation even into the 1960s, bee ‘spun aed we tt on age 5 te nant aad] mes te Sion ponders fo ‘Adin La Debs: een of opin da adhon ty Sercnaietahr apes na nore eter he teen hn nf hr hd nd {oe wht mers beg ‘Tee are dveripton of her te Bes a the wrt a‘ur ong In geen ed ve nl eet year rr tig hed ot met ven the mt mda rere of he 1931 Labor Co! nd dua” Labor bypectore oul, dn report complains vores do ones {elandownen a comet hong deen Bat he normal scion fr nnegute ing conied of prong he Iandowner rm dacoutng tae fom the nek a Aggie eight wt agate ter ‘Sneha meting the own ode ented more pense than simply no charge ore or ough as reenact pein a cc de iso mprt on lacs, SenJoe de Pncien ne Drove of hevngens td ea ed by or petit Inthe po “Tene dont mc nine Mg dn Th may SE ien fm nome alone ech ibe eemedom cmc act eh Saeeearene re caswre menus Soap der hse ondon the bor inet orally normed thereat heath sence ein fh nga ped Uh the heal pectoral low vp o haber? Wile nt the rowing a some eins od working lion ‘hips betwee or nd beth npecto mae hie ‘ste Bt themed capably to make vit often meant that when pecan i epnd cmp hy fond oe Ao te hve reds FundRace y Pca Va ano rosin) by anne 1958 hin fr sg penance en al Stee dre milena te ecg “foe ne oe om tar ne Tintin ae era oe eves mies old pe ‘Seniors i ci a osha eg ‘Ts espection, mein eset wher complnt md HEANOR LEGISLATION + 95 tothe aeration of members ofthe pop ovement sy Pai Aas Labora, tok place ern co er agra proper ind el ng enter ites ety lw to Sang. I thay ze where the aber Deparment nt wandered atm ter por [ier orn ew nce ral ren ain th spc ‘sical inpector (er Yopo a) rom antag Ss ‘Sinde Tae Aiea coul tere Stil, he eons ‘ive nly porn its rom the depart pty ‘ara la being made respon to compe or pak elimcrenton aoe coures peril more Tn short te ndowsers sn hair einly ma eel er Dene need dnd commitment ott rpsaon of poly Interest combined wih lscton of the ear eau {Seay othe tk were cig trougont he pod 181 Tot ican the apo Front ye 1998194. The ck frsoey, ype deal othe mene nena tore. Stern cosy whe mnt cine [Exon ofthe answering the er to make eplion more tas ary rma Compensation of Oficial for Nonenerement opto, incaig bey exits in let ol poi mangement Whee here he opportunity to rela, ‘ply derive cons by king ames expendi in rey ‘nds wil sometime see tat rnd compan gee atleast sel umer of ll te tempted ‘ole thet income by sling the sth of eof ‘aps te by set cain way oy ot ing ‘Nonenfrcment of shor Coe rvionsin he Ci cote war ote tte ugh iy (an), ‘took two gel forme pyrents or ecco ‘need and month of sem anna pay on ang po tos (ina “pate” cpa) how be to omy with oe Ee The ter practice wane ptstion sre tha ue ot py ru cs on the prt of fa hugh itr oily poibe, te pocts nil ext ‘atin the aber Deprinetin thee 1370 oesiho eon pit “etn th hon areca eeorer) ‘The pce much ee common in ban ses han he talc where gdp qu pays wre mae comman Daye thereat nant lee of eorapion® at stomp opin nine ele ‘cy sci ote nats, Chien campesinos fe [ettd tat ndownc nocimpnee wi ow sd to (fscnlte cormption of abr epurtment ofa "2 rep con fate” tery, be made un arangonet wth the ou) wa th capes quent action othe sow recon of onplts a fie fled to bing rents be ‘rf formal erent for documentation tad ee {Ett ctnclindorers tyr Te campesn' plight alia tert pny war creptin of abr De omen ofc ‘nh ater tds coapion dd phy an important ln ‘recom by Sc ey pn ed ‘ort Ec op ote hour ee weer lnk ot see ie” med atten fom the eal se Six nese indownen eed poman ol he He {is indo iten wore dee oo tebe cle ol ect eB for purer ay rg the Eiorner ne tig th veut inpatinhis Tea Socal Scryer hy el wk for ont Year wth te money Seach amps wae {Re if tee Soc Seay pec eoopente ith {he nde ctermaing he mut owe for al [wane aye ry kp amount of ney cul be wit ‘elder of ce he undowner cond ae mab to {he tutu meant offi Te pcos were ery det ‘nent era bore snd were moe eon thn the ode ead tine Soc SestyAdminsaton ip hn peel cate he ac at when pec ‘limpet rams we it the ound the et Jap ol te Gin Sein (96190) ‘lu Lge ening Sch ecrty offical an and Tour wet ken op Ste fica we ted i (Siope cat tpn septa inrn teem tage Scores fee ee eeecram Sonera conten foe Sooper See oo a eeepc Secret eres Seigalie hk eraee nae Sasa Sees aes ecient {er oly find that he mas making ptm in cay Eseeteaneaneemeaar owes, Eoieeasemerornas, mee ee ‘en teen adorn andr bapa ht ene eran gene Stree ace ninee ee eetiacon area Sere ater Sore meateetncanene Seema eed (che boss ad arranged the syptem). ae Inga Tcemves Mating Cate Enforcement ‘The wlneiity of repltory fia ote mpesion and she vlneraty of the sper tothe doin pte ‘set extra toh mnt enc cn padre 8 ‘eaency tigre cert ruta ston no opt ‘es than sigorus enforcement tac On the eterna pe ‘tinh frm feng colnet an expt ee ‘weaforce law to hel ext can prods» mien wich "pltin of propetonhip becomes ead tet Rawtneye8 + srnvecte Ww THs couNTRY SIDE se nay tps eo lly ca > ee let wich pci wire aa. ‘Sl peor pcan formal alain ‘ot oweioking hem, Ot tons, ese they sr ghy Sided eny owe andar of menarement or age Petomance tf jst ann aes welled Inte indvl petro wenforcemen personel ge ty hee ean psa ‘tecment te egos fh pein or tag realtime fr prs ‘rads bor ly work "Noa! pot authorteoatade the Labor Deparnent the peod 1931196 id m,n genera ge hig potty {Labor Cade enfrcement inte coonrye, Theor Smyth cmied it pr ‘et fot facons andthe pnely akong xp. Sere kor pecosnboatempied ito compliance by aentl downer Leis, pry ofl ou he nef fn pod & fost mide admiration At Seach ea ced ton tc fe ber letra led On ter cena he ceed de toreconr Edington ‘Dei thee putes the cover rmctnn of at ‘igiment ol noble ots for unooperine epcany ihe eat ater Dept load moe protection to inapecton wh ordeal pte ‘mone on sit compliance nth aged se ale tes viewed ax overly such npetor colo ‘ty he ans within th xing in epson ‘dons thorny documenting he tons they pote they men seed mp tom ter operon tet (dem wt creel the drt hee thee neve exited eer ey ciate of once ce itn the Labor Department But ont fo he bea ‘ng borinpecton wer tnfere ofa ports when ‘hey created co mach hry ang nde paar ‘epin Reagents ometinen oat proton LABOR LecisLATION = 99 formal rection of he npc’ cet performance of hi ‘signet ately a oral esgon of the nd ‘er clin that he apse ad ee een (Ge 14: Ipecor Mens o. andowmar ia Mot aos Mens lb pectorn thTe (la) eon 1832, ele fom serra ofthe fn lp teed rar ton in hile vinyl oe oh elas ‘ot infu lnfownen ning congressman named ‘Alguco Dealt Manel eo reed the lendowncs o ‘comply with abortion, Dusan wee name e- ‘ete Labor eprint, denounced Monel ars aer ‘he Dl, nd demande hemo ee he ‘Moola excende i utr id one segue ‘selon tothe worker coming hoff ud had eer ‘et acted in eg omy, a nacre waa Hes ‘sie Mena fcr deakenet Tn she, Neel Beane ‘cote cde anda dette ore of ne fr hs epi ovina inpector Jorg Wes: Wel aed y Sng ‘esdqatn of cine pit ve oe ipeto,es- i he ie sd then ul soporte Men! els ‘pnt the ndownen, Suing op hi ng, Wee wes [the undownen] are xemely interested noah ‘tft of Se Mews om hs Department "The ron fr ‘that he as equ! them to cy wth abr gale "onto whieh they oles cen sance “The landowncs exponed by mggeing hat Wel ae wa | ‘env and a ed of Motel so htt wel at ‘erhim a defend his ealeage™ he the ne bce mere _rbleatca for the Labor Department, Ale Behn 4 ‘areca who hed prepare the Labor Ca wt Senta "inpeto tad” tomes the ene se ps ‘ado al innractin to cary oat fl veto sed theo etic al ted prea ctw sees art of hited incu the pace at oe Invention wat tebe made bene the Laer Deprtment “at fer the maim of praetor arti aca lines tase Imprialycompetence nd jude ‘Met of the fneinaprtaning thio rsh oe ‘imahedan amnstetemetigon not mer esmplescceatont downer demands or sanction pint npestort ‘ro cel poles, Baader oni the fdgment ofthe [rover vineing he acon of he abr ‘Etec In eing the eee decor of he Labor Depa ‘ae deve ‘ni ys ig i ean ‘Serotec eer on Je Wet oe ee Serine Shen cemented Se Siro pgs tc et are Sotiguaoe: Ries renal carepete a eae [2SucE ecuson of tenant mee ao (Beg eaten nde pros muse “Th oen a ly 2 1982, bor npn were ot ae. aly ay expo witha he Labor Depend a! fan wen they step o enforce the Labor Coe sly seylapment of ctningsimiatrae evi proces {or sere pectoral ee of mio 8 ‘rong ue ocr buttons ome pote 6 EGET ie inet cn™ Thabectme recommen ‘5th rena hemes bec ged cer ‘Son which were Ftv equa fio we seeped a tepals “Sil in the ly pero even nto the 196D rigors ete cafromnent we th Only nen ene ‘ial eopecon a legal rofemondl or peor ‘rites ade enforcement dander pa Srmay coy clr Ot npn tr eth et a eprom of sot were ney sored am he deprtment or unl punished Dicouging Complains Since the Labor Departed rey on proceing empl ater tan systema peventine pets it Serta he done ore fo ree complans ‘Berey sa any contac al abo pecan: Land Sr dy i iy wish tan ay minal undoubted sie the wlignes foe ra [howe to reper femal complaint expecially wher ty ney tas ea mpi mgt re ng dew ot procs and baa eaten of tinea foe Bch Its manta by the Sindowoer socio prvsded a ‘Sonal stint aut potent “roublemahere ‘Despite tee deterrents fot ited tyes othe asec) ral borer conta and rey gh ‘ne reed thr complains with he aor npn fl took theless tthe dor cur Uafortry ata Bvenot hee olleted to ermine wat yes of rl work iene to eter complain aay mek agalioy ‘Shrecoppen, migrant tnt on. Calecton and aay of ‘ch at would pe lng io the elaine comely hs ‘nado over the diverse ut fal bo te ped 19311964 swells os of ats in pater ote ‘son by nats ove tne, Forte yn 946 1989, howe ‘dae avai on comple rgered which ot es op ‘nt apscaaral werk n enralfmato typeof workers, ‘pied, snd hol crane Tale 9) apie aot ae Tolman 22516 shame ae gin SOURCE mus Leva“ itd mje apn ni cmp ag Nah Dung thse years acture occ Retween $0 and 35 ‘scent af the ately employed popaon lng he ‘dado, other proper ad mtv emp ‘ermal compints by agar! bere thd ot ip low 21 pect al eompans epee tng founttod ad werged shout 2 percent Tha our een ‘ied sperod of active wionnin an ior antici ‘he cote (ht 946 ma 1947) and a ped ae bor rpc (eid947 to 199) wich anor snfs ened ean fe chapter) Th semngy, nt ‘Mec the lave stare of comply ural work a ‘heap he al mumber of compl ined by abt 98 Taber napectos rete ompint routinely ot at aber tions era reels Typ of therostne ding fee compli the allowing aber peor’ report fom He ‘Sena uechun Alto ell Sono roving) 1930: ‘Sioa pose ny otra wv ant ep otorver estat ettemme cence ‘aad nth attest cl eae ‘Stand iorok nme ace whee ya Sac compan 4000 6000 per yar (1946-1948) wee ha ‘ted by te Labor Deparment bat expos de ‘otawayeoban male utes Andover wen he orm atom favored the worker, the expen might ier when fend ove te ae the th hs Somes Neverthe, woke contd ow orl Bits ws ol fr Sr ndowncs to fall heel tins Thm to sy tat both ntnition by downers and ti tans erred the fread cops proces no prevent ul ores om epeing compl Rather ‘en en the evel sind wh exe cmpesinae ‘Bede formal comps wh the abr pets prea part thet normal en Ihe the be od to sabe) nindaton by he ndowmer (inl rete {alto provide sarap nd Yo sober” econ of eaten ands on had en removed it probe fed afte 1964~a he Labor Department would ane been “able to meet the demu a he eating ry ete lode Teen the eid (991-1964 he department shard reed te del with the mera compan regaced ‘Raf oen Wey ar 1964 ts pote prea he ‘Ghritian Dewoce goverment ae sited ge ah ‘er of orm eomplsint by rr br, the depart ‘able to dal with the wok led and appointed ae mamber ‘ac her apc ptr) ysl Violence and Resistance t Labo nections ‘When propio el ha they ae the an dei af hee simicy af th uty frelon gen my oc. A thou by 1881 no serous change Yo te aut he St emcee nen do i ye ‘ely wei iperton vsteanddey bor pec sce toc tester (pope) ands requeddoamcation ‘oceing abr enc alread scl ey pay tment Pry atc om bor npeston eee Fn, ‘hough the pny of wala aye hed. The ee ‘whic allow re dust he 15: Ue of Pil Frc. Aor npr he pom ince of Tg in 838 acer to proce ma | ‘Siping partie nore by vos "a borers The ndownr felted to ome t he aeSop caver eee pores ay trctemeeer terrors icett eee omer Sicteranenndomcetyromae at sepite tag Peete Siucotiaeteds areas uaa ce pest uetatscsomepoamtapitinee Citceimarmaoren eos peletnnd ir “Teabrsupecr the seneand informed i spain of the inet Te work cmpins wee eto he aor Ce novi erga cs aceon eet a Secrets manent Fey topeeeonreietretmenoty es tic eis arae acreage aia Scotto tea iba coca se Fy cine it ni ae ieee reir becca Pee eee Seniesa Sinemet nee Tiere ne mre a ‘ae ee ean iopeensoree sane coavmineirtetremn ae, ee ed aos Sairocereie ti age cee alee nica te aber npetr tought forma hry agin the andr ander Article 989 of th aber Gade rpg {he vt of uhr nape) and sled cial rp Te srs owes, howe, mere at eae Tau be empasned that te ces ace not ypc of lanier espns ovis by bor super nega ‘they wee mower, ila cer cinder ‘eouthou the pod 991-1968 Toe nee nie ee {incr by some lndownes omy sein of he eng of ‘ral propritnipand he ator of rl propa, For hese anon, te property met that governmental ‘eplton didnot extend it he etry ft prprtary ‘imal The se of Eee by hndowner shone how ‘an oe de a trad tare ‘plain of bor ber pect nied n coop ee Phyl oe, tele mbt and oe hg he tet etectve moe of rxance obs gation te ‘hile context epesentd sn acho repent yn ‘omer umble to therwne impede the Iceni rein of oper thst conic aie lar Legation and the Reefs of Rural Popsetaip: “An Overon 19511064 Frm he adopin a he Labor Code in 1981 wi 1964 the (ean Congres valour sdintntine enc oral ‘edie ur propitripthgh mer of er "hc epetve rept Sony the lions of ral = pists toward ar abr ineeaed and he pty ahr [rotamer oer al bor war reid. The tor hie equied ardent eater at mena ih ‘ual abr This oblaton ley ended the amaryl ier apne it ed al pon he ‘mpi and allowed ber retons depend won thew ‘tee hacndn. The Los Ces eked te ope of oii anton by somewhat retin the iho lower to damit abd ec campeon he plain of nes and introducing te ence fal at [aso (glmenir sera) th dated he righted psn of employer and wares with he enterprise Sebecquenty, nina abr epi rte encedIne i sect evn, sing cab cade ad ‘Sion ws contained fama imitans fre Propet. By 196¢ te kl prope ofl pope {ep vets liber ta change acl fm he st ‘hon 1931 Formally the herd no longer need the rept’ thoy ofsminetentcetay tnd bt ‘athe tha of employe na twentieth ear Wet ‘hotel ect, Ti ep rafomnaton sored oe |Full and me gee gate lation fet pee win th Ciena py. ek of enforcement of repr provisos ower po- act an ee widening pp betwen he pl defi pre- eciahp edits pete iecmry Ts emt nk onuietoreme corte Ti ay aoe! lamer tort catomary modes of production Iso mean {Sette peniy exe fore feta gover ‘ily thceenome sd patie tur ofthe euntyeby Shy ctiecig cyl Lene Ca jellapoetnni eg mee, ‘she fore sess latin ofthe propietary au ‘hay of landowners hoa bor iegaton ws le than sty aminee. In many aren seman [igeysymbole Yet cra ade esis om proptonip ‘nd ben pee epi by 1864. The tina of bee ‘efaton war anger in pute, Deena he Labor Cade ‘id ceeding bore were reco by owes ‘Toma onan on thi proprietary autho, news ‘eit ure epaon and atte tne he ‘ion sod implementation fering ean Pinte Popry a Labor Law ‘eho aay de det hat the Base cone roanding or aio rained he spe and domain of ‘rosceip “pate property." Than ih opposig he dop- tna Lor Deprientiposedreamener ners tat ‘posed he gaan blgiono employers end wore a ‘Berar esters he owe ime tht ehent {ntemar bald nt be api! nthe countryside bce of he ‘tbat within te Labor Deprnet adheCo de De fen Fel nal seed hat vegamenon nts i {eed be reed nthe uct he opment conned ‘empercy rani thls Septem 1998" In InSign de ae sent fer se petal i the county” Te made con ned sto the yer af dass that sad be icded inthe regiment bat i not Tor the os pat, cle are eemeaton™ “The mot important spect of cheats th po conn bythe ae Deprnet wo at ey gid ‘telecon by the ndowner os lop dla pr retry auhaty and scepaes of kepetons ward ‘al aber. The teres or writen ab contac fered the formation ot noes camper ‘Wale not une enor, aor enact were nrc Jato mort of Chie’ lr, commer ands Viens sor ‘ally comatedof not hag cmt fr all wakes [im epeciy for migant ork or temporary hn Oniy intent inn, 188 mann aor con “Tat he ndowner nent the mpcaton ofthe re laments terra fara dling of pos itor demons by kt writen bythe pec [Ste ofthe Nerthem Agi Soccy (Soccad Aon Sel Nort) wo the aor Dearest 1940. Th iy ba ropa ede ease fr we ys memben in le ‘Rl properties The Labor Departmen too une with aie Inthe ramen ich poked vtec the apr wets within he hacen o group gatherings inthe woke’ ase (other than fe fay) wiht atharaton The ‘preventative ofthe oie are" woul spe that he pond wording be retained since the fn a pate Property dn eonsequens, the owes hight ost {0 the presen of partlar pnt ome Mg clear he ne in he the abe Department ‘one ta rite property wants tlt igh, Dts ‘cot rhs bounded by the contin of abe ont and ‘te eps108 + sraucaue mux counraysiog aie cin a ee en re ance Sate ree cchng fr er fmol, ‘Eiitthc rete coo bene ae teeny me ptrin sehn eae gn Ain however, dete formal dtimitatin the defo die «acm oi propio femned exteve. The emg tory feethe woter went general sceped or ener. 196, ins gy comme io ie othe SNA il, ‘he praetor vl dane he more he bo have ison Inthe The gh of ladownes conta cry and ‘hic to he rate property marcas oly when nbor ‘pecer inerponte complains resin i calle {he labor canes, ated paral prope From Marve (Semago Province] 1962 «aor inpee ‘or reprted (Fan ao ‘Pio om Mit: Vie et ny ith por tn Seirus cate eer ety ree efi Crue cen se atid ore Formally the bor cde and beet bor elton antl dime the pe and domain of abort ofr opcton ved hereinbefore practi eet [Si onenfrcment, thr sua emine te cater Dt ‘ulneble to mu enfrcment fers Teg beween ft ‘talents and pace red fom law fw, but com ‘Sted gry withthe mb of rl bro fectvely ‘demo nore do he abs Departs 0 epost (Src denen labor nd ae ee po ‘way mati The djunctonbewee he ea inion ‘eal roto (ad the oblipton of andomes toward ‘al bor) and teeing tation he coupe the {en tow bor kw wa pmbole-wa peepee DY ae fnetlorry uli Conse) ofthe Lar Depa ‘het on pec spent he coat 1965: LaROR LecisLation + 109 eter eae an ann hey acl when spice ina ei sfonde Going the bee ed price, making opin iru prope recs ytd ewed Say on meh flr end {ithe Se rept ha pe prs and he an aer nremt prt Sed ct ae ior Depa ve rere eee ef of Ier lean Tex urements eee nt etd a a tay fringe af of th ern weal oa int age spate ale ne Frm th lndownn’ perpen bos gatn a also of ter oped el pte. {nie in pn le anon om eat of aon ‘cena ft fener rete eed ‘start change of indore’ pcan of tm pin pra ty Teed Regen ef ‘Sevan ithe cen, ag ray ‘EPten othe popctr cathe bat seme ealt ‘Sends an nre pny, och ‘im of we toto ororet e a he ‘Ethan af te canoe map peau el ‘Spe Capt eho ped anne teint bebo guy ec watson {Simo profane bard whl wer fu Anchen of ig haan lanl of hs a ‘Soa chung he nya won yf Lwne tnd wera Socks Snge ld ex Feeds ect reg ani prc sn ecg ‘Sistem wren cnt opel ecg: opr ofthe pono boi Sed one oon ep ie een cert rte indoor comping a iow we svi high Gents flew det ee the {Ex of bor woul reno moe Ti lene weed potve bens seu if governmental economic oly fom 1938 ‘wae ot ested agua pele Nana eo mie oly pevented frm om econ ners abe ‘ona png hve on to cmuney sah Pite AO em ol dct nation depend ap este oe ease Oot pkey eceal he ‘ion of feign produces of apical comme and ds ello fad psa Che Tabor aan aa pepe tx omencnabiy ofomei, Fonte coun fearing developmen palcyseped by ‘hematoma prorames In thi conten al r= [tm gectiy deed compl th bo i = [ted ono the satin fru abr for whic here ‘ite edene-the economic coats dcoured th "ype setey i deing wit he al wor oe "Te mec tesco pte allege o bor aw ‘nan to the putter of estan and ein dase ‘hove lena doped» al sy of ating hae roping emangement or lal arena wing te ‘rae Moe fron volts) rv opener Contacte ont bor gui) Intoduton a thar ‘roping ply cenit layers elation, esng ‘helandowner rom he payne fc ecu tens {ay alowane contin eee an above. ‘With adoption of he minimarwge poise (1953) and terms tog te citer mare deny eet cet Alte tnd of abr ape Glin sheep, srage woot, part ime wage woes nd) Between 1955 and 1963 the sou of lad gent sharecropeing a 3 central aly nen by 46 percent we he mer sf shreroppet declined by shot 10 percent Theale ‘he docs ot arin between teal saeco. within hacienda a saeco iglnerrie ‘am tly tbe ion af ange natn a more oad Incesedsarecroping both wit the Palenda uo he ‘ypevof proucon unit A the ome ine, he er ght edace te mnie of pemanen dent woes ‘Sho tl pa wat might be comdred br ret for ted Aad wither and age erie Apia works ‘tam anal anc and a hry ly. ely mony, etic rt wag i nt howe cit ot deen Gio ir Th moe sam ‘rot guinor ran on tc fae operon en imped ysocal cya ay wae popes (@epenat ot ber oa) adn sts eto nce Frotiby mbt crc mangement hac Te i hem tice i heaps aor few mena ing Se st chung el defition of Spin” tec or) Seinen tt tral cones o 195 and 1968 the mer ‘inglno oi dee oe 8,37 fo 3.98 Tae ese repeetd dese he nln aie ne of ‘he popnton xe apes os 12 ¢ pce to et Pere" Suppor ths ha once net th ‘ee recver nd from heater amp cep eo ‘nut Yo rom forthe npacenen finan th ‘ther form abr Schemas nding tt ere 1988 tome 11.790 ral worcester stad nd tment by 196 cal 217 rl woes trainin pono ened de cis Ray ‘imesh 196 ly 450g i eed nd lent component ot ge ™ Ts ment oe ‘dtc of 43 pce nthe nae eed word ‘aeinstae pemoel ecng i atm a of $8 Pent nthe area pn ete ps Bewcen 153d 196s pd ink sty shasen of undone wl wee ened» Proenieundeeatn ofnnd py ein nd ‘etme thn lowe woke tee {omary bd alten sod pore ips td pd 80 to 1 pret ofthe el ima an th cn {ext tthe nowt’ persent stance ol eat ‘mat be unde, etl fling pol omnneei Se conte ony eet ft 18 cig need ‘ep ion oh sk cr, ndowne srg toe {atthe derlopment of ral rpc mig ‘te them 1) to comply with br lw 2 fo eps fhe112 + srxveeue rms counrnysiDE cortomary bento a works (3 opting and Sreting inis e ang ed) cagtah Ee ke of ete nono th pt of abe aoe if he epson a rprtonpwasto be ‘ime ete war seen Cea eampenonstempeed ‘Senguise noche a ious me ng he peed T+ 1 Recognise en, ‘eoresnted thet te atthe owe anf the ‘Sic bly of esa exter, dere {ety ete hse npn flr acing to ora the tale tora popcorn inan nied ra 4 Rural Unions: The Politico-Legal Struggle ‘enka evra er i rn Trketieaeca tebe ne eects erighamer een eee rnc en eee ae aa ieee pence eee Sore rae ea eerie SS Cee aes oe peg eee ee Seas, pre ae ee a eeren ome aicieineonnaacictegemee “ee lint be Sep con Sepia 1 Pe alert ere See betwee east ee, Spins pean aera Setcune meieace Serene raer eee Siren maraateacl bar Seerccoe aan poe eyer renin Soest ae fee loreal) Scanner Seaton ape ‘pent acinngam egies Siperpeerenart ements Leora‘The 1981 Labor Code provided the fling rude 362 Teh actin ani engin a fam, haere the etre (Arte SH), oon which \Gouped unl work in ng farm ook nthe ame st ‘Zl wo the cath fc by wen ay Profil nine suited people ge ithe sine profession caf ofr reed bos Arce 407), {hd war he povon i been pone efor fer Sonal wos oe woke om iret ams ter ype win cou epee kr eer in abr co Assan elev burping | Novction of the abot Gc which del wth iointion ley exided ale, and inthe pero 19511933 ‘pei od evel Kg reopens the oumeyie Ge cer 5). When endowace eed ht t test sme bor pesto ook ely he Labor oe pox ‘iden on ticinti, tc knorer cto uted pr ‘ot te depen fr umiatinn and to desoy the ‘oa san leeds ante omg epi int ‘ion eae rl orgie worker, the downer presented ilrumn coin ie ar Cis on Administrative Repeionof Rural Labor ‘Te tt oral lenge he ety of rr aon sem there ecu in he on of Hd a Pua Se Oxo, ‘pemted by Mont Alegre (Ge ada Ale dep, lo RURALUMONS 15 “apt Dla hl en stein tempting to orgie the ‘mpi in ths far ano secre oman wits oe inthe hacienda minions the comedies’ ‘mpl ed os abortmpecrs tothe haan “rer to ely the wen ls abr the ben {rs mination protec othe erie o te taba De favimen end abo comps hat Lor Departmen pene ‘er lowing formation fs union nthe beeen The ed ‘itt thestened to emit practi ‘hesitation war nt “uae The doer athe Labo ‘Department opened to th tar patos on Fea th To tee ar eee ‘Seung «i spe sticton In hve cecum te under See een Saleen, =a, SSeeaetencesosces area The hacen’ propo agin wrote t the Labor Depr- seen erm Fann oti oe 10,108 theo igh term les hen til tli spends ih te Knowledge and approval of Ce Pee, aro Aland andthe miter 9 ibe The ‘tert pend alunos agus worded ‘Sam elf Labor Deputies pec alo aercnatin utenti eeu er Sects Sas eee rt1g + sraueeu rue counraysiDe se tn pe ini depen rer ae arise Fp Nad Ain i cients wt emitter Spee pce Sahai sari Sarees Seo SEO ei ae a ‘The SNA catied ome ceding March despite thc tmporcy de cto srpension fhe el gto al he oven eine nine. At the nd Mes 1933, ‘mcr of he Laber Department inated he potion ‘Sat he depart would take ae sie! snd tor ecg gece th rte 1,8, of he Poi nett fe SiS eee gta pe See ay (Greed Avice 10 af the Fendamental Care athe Repu wach ee Seismeecoee int aeiaheen exter, Set ‘retard cope io fa pte or nt Soe ‘n May 18 the Gono de Deena Fal (in of wir ‘herureme cot) ole pine te SNA metres eteteese esl) eres epee eee Se ‘he agri inory andi bts pee modal of naga ete ance, Seana chee Samet ae eon nted ence eee Sener rer Setecevesteeetes Soe, Sanrar lib the elope fey 1998 tat pened ‘Svcendiins otal be cleerwts mre tay ‘pe Row rl oon pede ion a ion 1938 nd wih he elem ei semi fog tenif ot fly rected now flr were made eth [Shep carl ur user t the Glcan untae” I the Fr monn of 1999, a part of tepals mobiatin tat compuied the wetry of ie Poplar Frnt ante, Pedro ‘Agine Crd, te abor Depart itr ve 170 fr ‘iat ne alc i 18 Soe loeclee ia ce enfield Libor ptonthe SNA api appealed ect fo the rs {ea of th epaicnart had dn n1983-tsop ecn Sued formation of labor eruniain ine countrys and {scone eed for peal gaan ni score Socal eecgs atest! ctinareend mee ‘oats ofr labor™ Foray, the presen hic re Solera rcgeninianenl tava wiety ed (incon nto prepa legate propo for camer ‘ion by Congres. In ordr tame tt tmporay sete tment, the SNA agreed ote to prevent tr mene fom ‘Sminng woken an throwing them of the lan hey he ‘een dyn eal for elon and pesca of Uber pstons The Cnfedi de jones de Cle (CTC snd he ote pric of he Popa rot gover ‘net reponnilefor iting he ronan mane ‘meet “epecaly Scan snd Communist aged 9 tom ory fal the mioiation die Aan, ple et lalate ponte eel athens een oft teh fale to orgie union. To the dace {50 Ge) confeme ow of Chew tat polo tne ‘angement that scifi he lle lore eae of ‘tppertng the opal Prot goverment wa mae owe bcp Comma py eos a respmse to this pti dea an he nd of Agi coi heater Dorin own rp neg a Pt fe Raph cred i orn amp cnc ci er src nil ets het SE Gites Scan ens oboe Se Md Comin af Eagan sd eink selon acti rer pe op ot {Sy ewan] nt oan aged ‘Whee the lean rol exp ied he pen sion ofthe bor pecan? seca covperton nthe arma {ono copied aa unt the pad ring ch the pel oman ution of te ‘lnminon provided no rele frre Congres ok ‘ong ject inh i dr th fenton et Deparment fa {be formalin fl wos (tition formal cerry Incnderto orp lel unions) mothe the Clean com onthe Labor Code td he ror rieatin in 1985 Iter tl ior Ogio (Caen No.1 once Inytecdom fact fora ibe The penn f| ‘al libre ight ar mananed dete press om ‘within he Labor Deparment peal fom the Le Se Uns, where ete Eaar Me peste ested te cc Inv ieg wi oa ends Despite the nal agen othe pension of ‘lation, by 1940 cements win he CTH ede as el asa pou of deputies wthn he Seca party (oh ren {tly wee to lee the Party and or the Paro Sol de ‘Tetaadres [PST] )"rcogaed he eor in sceing oe lundownen demandes for x roid ent ie sa of inlinos and aaa aor